A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae) Author Yang, Su-Fang 623A01EA-41AD-41AB-8CAD-EEFDB651F1DA Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. yangsu03-11@163.com Author Peng, Xian-Jin 87E11EB5-D918-4E67-841E-B291C651FE72 College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. xjpeng@126.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-11-07 903 1 1 61 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2321/10085 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2023.903.2321 2118-9773 10119638 036AB8E1-669E-499B-8CA7-141509A11F2C Ptocasius longlingensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 95F38EC9-6370-40AC-AB4E-4B3B7D6AEA03 Figs 24–26 , 46 Diagnosis The male of the new species resembles that of P. urbanii ( Żabka, 1981 ) ( Żabka 1981 : figs 31–34), but can be distinguished by: (1) embolus originating at about 8:00 o’clock position in ventral view ( Figs 24B , 26A ), while originating at about 9:00 o’clock in P. urbanii ( Żabka 1981 : fig. 31); (2) tibial apophysis finger-shaped in retrolateral view ( Figs 24C , 26B ), while needle-shaped in P. urbanii ( Żabka 1981 : fig. 33). The female of the new species resembles that of P. urbanii ( Żabka 1981 : figs 25–26, 41), but can be distinguished by: (1) top of pockets close to posterior margin of copulatory openings in ventral view ( Figs 25B , 26D ), while relatively away from posterior margin of copulatory openings in P. urbanii ( Żabka 1981 : fig. 25); (2) spermathecae almost touching, distinctly twisting outward in dorsal view ( Figs 25C , 26E ), while distinctly diverging, twisting inward in P. urbanii ( Żabka 1981 : fig. 26); (3) the top margins of spermathecae below and away from copulatory openings in dorsal view ( Figs 25C , 26E ), while parallel and close to copulatory openings in P. urbanii ( Żabka 1981 : fig. 26). Etymology The specific name is derived from the type locality Longling County. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province , Longling County , Longjiang Township , Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve ( Guchengshan mountain ); 24º49′43″ N , 98º45′33″ E ; 2010 m a.s.l. ; 26 May 2005 ; Heng-mei Yan leg.; in the forest; HNU-GKJ026–2A. Paratypes ( 3 ♀♀ ) CHINA – Yunnan Province • 3 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; HNU-GKJ026– 2P. Description Male ( holotype ) BODY AND HEAD . Total length 4.15. Prosoma 2.01 long, 1.59 wide. Opisthosoma 2.14 long, 1.45 wide. Clypeus high 0.08. Carapace ( Fig. 24A ) dark brown, covered with brown hairs; carapace margin and eyes base black, densely covered with brown hairs; anterior ocular area covered with sparse long brown hairs; lateral area and median area of the thoracic region covered with sparse white hairs. Fovea dark brown and sulciform. Cervical groove indistinct, radial groove dark brown. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.43, ALE 0.24, PME 0.06, PLE 0.22, AERW 0.96, PERW 1.06, EL 0.90. Sternum brown and scutiform, covered with brown hairs, the median area slightly bulged; marginal areas dark brown, covered with long brown hairs. Clypeus dark brown, sparsely covered with long brown hairs. Endites and labium dark brown, sparsely covered with long dark brown hairs; distal area yellowish brown, densely covered with grayish hairs. CHELICERAE ( Fig. 26C ). Reddish brown, densely covered with long dark brown hairs, two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal denticle. LEGS . Legs I and II are dark brown, with grayish annuli, densely covered with long gray hairs; others are yellowish-brown, bearing numerous short spines. Tibiae I and II with three pairs of long ventral spines, metatarsi I and II with two pairs of ventral spines. LEG MEASUREMENTS . I = 3.76 (1.17, 1.39, 0.63, 0.57), II = 3.41 (1.14, 1.19, 0.57, 0.51), III = 3.79 (1.19, 1.20, 0.90, 0.50), IV = 3.94 (1.30, 1.23, 0.90, 0.51). Leg formula: IV–III–I–II. ABDOMEN ( Fig. 24A ). Long oval, dorsum yellowish brown, densely covered with short brown hairs and sparse long brown hairs; each side with a black longitudinal band and black arc grains; the posterior inner sides with a triangular reddish-brown patch, the median area with dense white hairs and two pairs of sigillae; ventral yellow, densely covered with white hairs; the median area with a dark brown longitudinal band; sides with dark brown patches. Spinnerets dark brown, densely covered with long brown hairs. PALP ( Figs 24B–C , 26A–B ). Longer than wide; embolus slender, originates at about 8:00 o’clock position; genital bulb about rectangular, with membranous structure; genital lobe large and triangular; tibial apophysis finger-shaped in retrolateral view, about ⅓ the length of the genital bulb. Female ( paratypes ) BODY AND HEAD . Total length 4.86. Prosoma 2.24 long, 1.71 wide. Opisthosoma 2.56 long, 1.70 wide. Clypeus high 0.10. Carapace ( Fig. 25A ) reddish brown, densely covered with brown hairs; carapace margin and eyes base black; lateral area and anterior covered with sparse long brown hairs. Fovea sulciform, reddish brown. Cervical groove indistinct, radial groove reddish brown. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.51, ALE 0.27, PLE 0.27, AERW 1.24, PERW 1.09, EL 1.02. Sternum scutiform, yellowish brown, covered with brown hairs; the median area slightly bulged; marginal area dark brown, covered with long brown hairs. Clypeus brown, the anterior area covered with sparse long brown hairs. Endites and labium brown, sparsely covered with long dark hairs; distal area yellowish brown, covered with dense grayish hairs. Fig. 24. Ptocasius longlingensis sp. nov. , holotype, ♂ (HNU-GKJ026–2A). A . Body, dorsal view. B . Palp, ventral view. C . Palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–C = 0.1 mm. CHELICERAE ( Fig. 26F ). Brown, distal area covered with long dark brown hairs, two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal denticle. LEGS . Reddish brown, with black annuli or spots, densely covered with long brown hairs, bearing numerous short spines. Tibiae I and II with three pairs of long ventral spines, metatarsi I and II with two pairs of ventral spines. Fig. 25. Ptocasius longlingensis sp. nov. , paratype, ♀ (HNU-GKJ026–2P). A . Body, dorsal view. B . Epigynum, ventral view. C . Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–C = 0.1 mm. LEG MEASUREMENTS . I = 3.43 (1.13, 1.33, 0.49, 0.48), II = 3.17 (1.07, 1.19, 0.43, 0.48), III = 3.97 (1.30, 1.36, 0.67, 0.64), IV = 4.27 (1.35, 1.45, 0.82, 0.65). Leg formula: IV–III–I–II. ABDOMEN ( Fig. 25A ). Oval, dorsum light yellow, densely covered with white hairs; distal area sparsely covered with long brown hairs; each side with a black longitudinal band, densely covered with brown hairs and twills black; the posterior inner area with three pairs of herring bones; the posterior portion with a black round spot and two pairs of sigillae, small and dark brown; ventral light yellow, densely covered with white hairs, scattered with irregular grayish spots and streaks. Spinnerets dark brown, densely covered with long brown hairs. EPIGYNUM ( Figs 25B–C , 26D–E ). Almost as long as wide; top of pockets close to posterior margin of copulatory openings in ventral view; copulatory openings longitudinal; spermathecae almost touching, distinctly twisting outward, the top margins below and away from copulatory openings in dorsal view. Fig. 26. Ptocasius longlingensis sp. nov. A–C . Holotype, ♂ (HNU-GKJ026–2A). D–F . Paratype, ♀ (HNU-GKJ026–2P). A . Palp, ventral view. B . Palp, retrolateral view. C . Chelicerae, posterior view. D . Epigynum, ventral view. E . Vulva, dorsal view. F . Chelicerae, posterior view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Distribution China ( Yunnan Province , Fig. 46 ).