Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae) Author Bond, Jason E. Author Opell, Brent D. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2002 2002-11-30 136 3 487 534 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00035.x journal article 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00035.x 0024-4082 5436982 D283A8B0-A3F2-44E3-9881-C98F69373DF9 APOMASTUS SCHLINGERI SP. NOV. Types. Male holotype and female paratype from California , Los Angeles County , Topanga ( C.P. Kristensen , 18 September 1989 ), deposited in CAS (female paratype from the type locality ( M. Galindo-Ramirez , 1 April 1984 ), deposited in AMNH ) . Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Evert Schlinger, who has collected many Californian Euctenizinae and has supported arachnology in the south-west for many years. Figure 18. Apomastus sp. burrow opening, from Orange County, California. Figure 19. Distribution of known Apomastus localities in Southern California. Remarks. The name Aptostichus schlingeri nomen nudum (= Apomastus schlingeri ) has been incorrectly used to refer to individuals of this species collected from the type locality and subsequently used in spider venom studies ( Usherwood & Duce, 1985 ; Skinner et al. , 1992 ). Diagnosis. This species is distinguished in its generic diagnosis. Male ( holotype ). Total length: 14.03. Cephalothorax length: 7.35, width: 5.85; with setal fringe, light to moderate pubescence. Carapace dark reddish-brown, abdominal dark brown, uniform coloration. Thoracic groove recurved slightly, width 2.10. Cephalic length 4.32, width 3.52. Ocular quadrangle length: 0.70, width 1.16, borne on a low tubercle. Labium lacking cuspules, length 0.70, width 1.00. Palpal endite lacking cuspules, length 2.14, width 1.26. Sternum length 3.80, width 3.16, sigilla small concentric confined to outer edges. Chelicerae: rastellum row of two large spines, three smaller spines adjacent superior to fang; promargin with eight teeth, furrow with proximal sigmoid row of 9 denticles. Chaetotaxy (spines): Femora: I 14DM; II 9DM, 5P ant. 3 RM ant.; III 8DM, 3PM ant. 3 RM ant.; IV 14DM, 2PM, ant., 8 RM ant., palp 2DA. Patellae: I–II 2VA ant.; III 19P, 7 RM ; IV 2 RM ant., palp 0. Tibiae: I 42PM, 4RA inf., 7VM; II 10PM, 3VA, 6VM; III 6PM 1D post., 2 RM , 6VM; IV 6 RM , 5 1: 4V post., 6 3: 4V ant. M; palp 0. Metatarsi: I 2 1: 2VM post., 3VA, 2PA, 1PM; II 8VM; III 5DM, 3 1: 2PM post., 1 1: 4PM ant., 10VM, 6 R; IV 4PA, 9VM, 8 RM . Tarsi: I–III 0; IV4vm. Leg article lengths: Femora: I 6.31; II 5.81; III 4.98; IV 6.23; palp 3.36. Patellae: I 3.24; II 3.07; III 2.57; IV 3.24; palp 1.80. Tibiae: I 5.40; II 4.57; III 3.15; IV 6.14; palp 3.12. Metatarsi: I 4.98; II 4.73; III 4.32; IV 6.14. Tarsi: I 3.32; II 3.65; III 3.24; IV 3.65; palp 0.80. Leg coloration uniform, light reddish-brown. Tarsi I–IV pseudosegmented, posterior tarsi with slight distal curvature. Scopulae very light on I–III, absent on IV. Metatarsal preening comb leg IV absent. Prolateral surface of tibia leg I covered in numerous stout spines. Metatarsus I lacks ventral excavation. Palpal femur with a few apical spines, cymbium lacks spines. ( Fig. 17A–C ) Female ( paratype ). Total length: 23.21. Cephalothorax length: 9.67, width: 6.72. Carapace dark brown in ethanol preserved specimens, darker brown in living specimens, abdomen dark brown, lacking distinct markings. Thoracic groove straight, width 2.40. Cephalic length 5.56, width 5.23. Ocular quadrangle length: 1.00, width 1.60. Labium length 1.14, width 0.80, lacking cuspules. Palpal endite length 3.52, width 1.84, more than 50 cuspules concentrated at the posterior most inner margin. Sternum length 5.15, width 4.08. Sternal sigilla concentric, moderate in size, slight inward placement. Chelicerae: rastellum lacks a distinct process, consists of a group of 3–5 large spines with a single row of three spines anterior to fang junction; promargin with 10 teeth alternating large/small, furrow with 18 denticles. Spermathecae short with lateral base, stalk heavily sclerotized ( Fig. 17D ). Chaetotaxy: Femora: I–III, palp 0; IVDA/PA dense spine patch. Patellae: I, II, IV, palp 0; III 17P, 7PM ant. 1: 2. Tibiae: I 2 1: 2vm; II 2 1: 2vm; III 3PM, 2 RM , 5 1: 2vm; IV9vm; palp 11vm. Metatarsi: I–IV 7VM., III 6D inf. Tarsi: I–III 0, IV 3VA; palp 4VM. Leg III metatarsus with apical retrolateral preening comb comprising 4 spines. Leg IV metatarsus preening comb in same position, comprising 5 spines. Leg article lengths: Femora: I 6.64; II 5.81; III 4.57; IV 6.23; palp 4.90. Patellae: I 3.90; II 3.49; III 2.91; IV 4.07; palp 2.57. Tibiae: I 4.64; II 4.07; III 2.49; IV 5.56; palp 3.07. Metatarsi: I 3.49; II 3.32; III 2.99; IV 4.81. Tarsi: I 2.49; II 2.32; III 2.24; IV 2.24 palp 2.66. Leg coloration similar to carapace. Heavy asymmetric scopulae on palp, leg I and II tarsi, metatarsi I and II. 5 palpal claw teeth, 3 P sup. 2 1: 4M inf. STC teeth: I inner, juxtaposed margin 4, medial face 3; IV promarginal claw 3 teeth on juxtaposed margin, 3 on medial face; retromarginal claw 3 teeth on juxtaposed face, 2 on medial face. Palpal, leg I and II claws removed and placed in micro-vial with type specimens. PLS, apical article digitiform, short. Article lengths: apical 1.00; medial 1.48; basal 2.04. Pumpkiniform spigots predominant with large interspersed articulated spigots. Articulated spigot distributions: apical: 2A, 2M; medial 1M; basal 2M PMS length 1.00, 2AM articulated spigots. Material examined. UNITED STATES : CALIFORNIA : Los Angeles County : Gendale , July 1948 (E. Schlinger , AMNH ), ♂ ; San Gabriel Mountains , 8 April 1967 (R. Crandall , AMNH ), ♀ ; San Gabriel Mountains , Tanbark Flats , 20 June 1952 ( W. Gertsch , AMNH ), 2 ♀ ; Pacific Palisades , February 1945 ( G. Morris , AMNH ), ♀ ; Topanga , 1 April 1984 ( M. Galindo-Ramirez ), 1 ♀ , 17 juv; Henniger Flats , 2600 ft , October 1967 ( AMNH ), ♀ ; Santa Monica , 23 October 1985 ( W. Icenogle , CAS ), 1 ♀ , 17 juv; Santa Monica , 25 October 1985 ( W. Icenogle , CAS ), 1 ♀ , 16 juv; Baldwin Hills , December 1944 ( G. Morris , AMNH ), 3 ♀ , 2 juv; Baldwin Hills October 1944 ( G. Morris , AMNH ), ♀ ; Old Topanga Canyon Road , Topanga Canyon, N 34∞05¢ 44.2≤, W 118∞36¢ 49.7≤, 270 m , 5 April 1996 ( J. Bond , JEB – CAS ), 2 ♀ . Material examined of other species. UNITED STATES : CALIFORNIA : Orange County : Dana Point , Salt Creek , 12 November 1969 ( AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 22 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 5 September 1969 ( AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 14 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 23 November 1969 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 1 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 23 November 1969 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 1 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 23 November 1968 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 20 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 30 November 1968 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 3 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 23–30 November 1968 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 1 ♂ , 1 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 6 December 1968 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 3 ♀ , 2 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 23 November 1968 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 36 juv; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 30 November 1968 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), ♀ ; Dana Point , Salt Creek , 30 November 1968 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), 1 ♀ , 55 juv; Riverside County : 1.8 miles west of Lake Matthew’s Dam , N 33∞49¢ 33.3≤, W 117∞29¢ 20.9≤, 22 November 1998 ( J. Bond & W. Icenogle , JEB- CAS ), 4 ♀ ; San Bernardino County : San Antonio Canyon , 21 May 1974 ( AMNH ), 1 ♂ , 1 juv; San Antonio Canyon , 21 May 1974 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), ♀ with eggsac; San Gabriel Mountains , Spruce Canyon , side branch of San Antonio Canyon , 2500 ft , 21 May 1971 ( W. Icenogle , AMNH ), ♂ .