Description of immatures associated with adults of two species of Macrogynoplax Enderlein and one species of Enderleina Jewett (Plecoptera: Perlidae) of the Brazilian Amazon Author Ribeiro, José Moacir Ferreira Author Gorayeb, Inocêncio De Sousa text Zootaxa 2015 3948 1 109 124 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.1.7 b5c01b29-ec22-4c29-9689-7acf8e4677a1 1175-5326 241147 60224FB0-4E2D-4892-89E2-9F3160180C91 Enderleina froehlichi Ribeiro-Ferreira, 1996 ( Figs. 23–33 ) Enderleina froehlichi Ribeiro-Ferreira, 1996 :145 , figs. 1–6; Ribeiro & Rafael, 2005 :62 , Figs. 1–5 , 8–15 ; Ribeiro et al ., 2009 :34 ; Stark et al ., 2009 :120 ; Froehlich, 2010 :178 (catalogue). Diagnosis of nymph. Body dark yellow. Frons dark yellow and labrum light yellow with anterior margins light. Parietália dark yellow more pronounced at epicranial line. Pronotum light yellow medially, whitish yellow laterally. Meso-and metanotum dark yellow with faint muscle scars but without laterally elongated spots. Description of nymph. Female : Body length 6.0 mm–11.0 mm (not including cerci, n=10). Body robust and shiny light yellow ( Fig. 23 ). Antennae light yellow, basally with darker margin; scape longer then wide. Occiput dorsally without spots. Frons light yellow to dark yellow; M-line not distinct, without small yellow spots laterally to ocelli. Parietalia dark yellow, more distinct at coronal line and post-frontal line. Eyes black; distance between ocelli 0.3 mm, from ocelli to inner margin of eye, 0.6 mm ( Fig. 24 ). Mouthparts dark yellow. Labrum light yellow ventrally, dorsum dark yellow with small bristles forming fringe ( Fig. 25 ). Maxillae dark yellow; sclerotized outer part, cardo and stipes dark yellow; medial margin of stipes sclerotized the same color with groups of long, thin setae; lacinia dark yellow, with two dark brown teeth and a row of five robust long bristles below inferior tooth and eight short bristles near the base ( Fig. 26 ). Mandible light brown with five acute teeth on distal margin, decreasing in size to base, but 4th tooth larger than the 2nd, 3rd and 5th, 2nd and 4th tooth subequal. Two rows of bristles on the ventral margin forming fringe from first row starting at the base of 2nd tooth, 2nd row beginning at base of the 4th tooth with long bristles; a group of fine long bristles occurs on the anterolateral margin of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the region ( Figs. 27, 28 ). Pronotum dark yellow, without median spots; posterior margin with median concavity; pronotal sulcus narrow and lateral band wide; ventrally dark yellow with sulcus well marked; angle between the anterior arms of Y-line narrow and without groups of setae on anterior edge and lateral of the Y-line ( Figs. 24 , 30 ). Meso- and metanotum dark yellow; mesonotum with median area yellowish, with milky white yellow bands lateral borders; mesonotum covered with thin brown pilosity, lateral border yellowish without spots; metanotum similar to mesonotum but, with more bristles laterally ( Fig. 29, 30 ). Gills present on ASC and PSC [1, 2, 3], AT [2, 3], PT [3] all of with simple branches and SL with multiple branches ( Fig. 30 ). Prothoracic leg light yellow dorsally, unpigmented ventrally; coxa with bristles long and robust; trochanter with bristles stronger and dense; femur with a long fringe of distal whitish bristles along anterodorsal margin; ventral margin with bristles long and robust distally and without lobular distal projection; ventral sulcus extending from apex to near base. Tibiae with band of bristles short and robust on the posterior margin and with a long fringe of fine and dense whitish bristles along entire segment, posterior margin with four large, strong spines distally. Tarsus pale yellow with fine, long bristles ( Figs. 31, 32 ). Abdomen dark yellow dorsally, intersegmental membranes darker brown; segments with complete dorsal row of bristles at posterior margin, more distinct on sterna 3–10. Ventrally, bristles extend to median gap equal to of sternum width on the segments 1–3, 1/5 of sternum 4–5, and bristle row complete on sterna 6–10. Sterna with long and short bristles; sternite 8, with a shallow median U-shaped notch. Cerci dark brown to light brown ( Fig. 33 ). ♂. Unknown. Variations. Not observed. Distribution. BRAZIL , Amazonas , Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, stream, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tup) Rio Negro and Amapá (Serra Lombard, Limão). Remarks . The nymphal-adult association was confirmed by rearing. The nymph differs from E. flinti by general color with the body being light yellow and the head dark yellow. The M-line inconspicuous, the lacinia has a slightly rounded base; the presence of a large and deep median concavity occurs on the pronotum. The angle of the anterior arms of the Y-line of mesosternum is longer; femora are uniformly dark yellow with a ventral sulcus extending from apex to near the base and with short and dense bristles and a long fringe in dorsal view. Spots are absent on the wing pads. Four species of Enderleina are recorded for northern Brazil and Brazilian Amazon ( E. flinti , E. yano , E. preclara and E. froehlichi ). However, only the nymph of E. flinti has been provisionally described by Stark (1989) collected in the Serra da Neblina . This association was based solely on distribution, without nymph-adult association. Enderleina froehlichi is considered a rare species with a restricted distribution to the Brazilian Amazon. Two nymphs collected by E. Fittkau with the locality of Rio Negro, Amazonas were identified from the collection of Aquatic Insects of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo ( MZUSP ) through courtesy of the curator, Dra. Sônia Casari. One adult collected by J. Bechyné from Serra Lombard, Limão, Amapá was identified from the collection of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. The remainder of the material examined was borrowed from INPA collected in Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke and in the vicinity of the city of Manaus. Material examined . BRASIL , Amazonas , Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas ( UFAM ), (reared), 09.ix.2008 , J.M.F. Ribeiro & F.M. Silva (1 nymph, INPA ); same location, Reserva [Florestal Adolpho] Ducke ( RFAD ), Barro Branco stream, [aquatic net], 18.vii.2003 , J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph, INPA ); same location, Parque Municipal do Mindú stream I, 05.x.1993 (1 nymph, INPA ); same location, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé ( RDST ), in leaf litter, 14.x.2002 , (4 nymphs, INPA ); same location, in riffles with leaf litter, 18.v.2002 (6 nymphs, INPA ); same location, ( RFAD ), Barro Branco stream, (reared), 18.vii.2008 , J.M.F. Ribeiro ( 1 exuvia , INPA ); same location, Projeto de Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais ( PDBFF ), ZF3 Km-7, Fazenda Porto Alegre, stream in river Urub, ( 2o21’11’’S – 59o 19’1’’W ), 08.ii.2001 , J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA ); same location, stream in UFAM , rearing in tank, 10.xi.2008 , J.M.F. Ribeiro & F.M. Silva (1 nymph, INPA ); same location, rearing in tank, 05.ii.2008 , J.M.F. Ribeiro & F.M. Silva (1 nymph, 1, adult, 1 exuvia , INPA ); same location, stream in UFAM , 20.vi.2008 , J.M.F. Ribeiro & F.M. Silva (1 nymph, INPA ); same location, ( RFAD ), Barro Branco stream, 15.vii.2008 , rearing in tank, J.M.F. Ribeiro & F.M. Silva (1 nymph, 1 adult , 1 exuvia , INPA ). [ Brasil , Amazonas], Rio Negro, E. Fittkau, (2 nymph, MZUSP ). Amapá State , Serra Lombard, Limão, J. Bechyné, 03.ix.1961 ( 1 female , adult, MPEG ). FIGURES 23–28. Female Enderleina froehlichi . 23 —body; 24 —head and pronotum, dorsal view; 25 —head, ventral view; 26 —maxillae and lacinia; 27 —mandible, dorsal view; 28 —mandible, ventral view (photos: J.M.F. Ribeiro). FIGURES 29–33. Female Enderleina froehlichi . 29 —wing pad; 30 —sternal sulci and gills; 31–32 —legs, dorsal and ventral views; 33 —Abdomen, ventral view. (photos: J.M.F. Ribeiro). Ecological notes. Nymphs of E. froehlichi were collected from sandy and rocky substrates and leaf litter from relatively pristine streams with intact riparian zones. Adult are rarely observed in the field, but can be collected by using light traps. Physico-chemical parameters associated with E. froehlichi are presented in Table 3 . TABLE 3. Physicochemical parameters of streams in Brazil where Enderleina froehlichi was collected. Parameters BB Water temperature (o C) 24.8 pH 6.1 Specific conductance (uS/cm) 13.5 Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) 46.0 Width (m) 3.0 Depth (cm) 0.60 Velocity (m/s) 1.15 Discharge (m3/s) 2.07 BB = Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Barro Branco Stream.