<document id="AA3D29D8B11CE6F3406715EC0E0CE3B8" ID-CLB-Dataset="31367" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="543c4afc-4ffb-4e11-a858-a6d1d9745214" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1063854" ID-ZooBank="7C684128-FFA7-48AA-B395-B9C6BC39353A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1511249334103" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. &amp; Isaacs, Rufus" docDate="2017" docId="0392879B7337AB6543D5FC22FB30FA9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4352.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4352 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Xylocopa (Xylocopoides) virginica subsp. virginica virginica (Linnaeus 1771" docType="treatment" docVersion="22" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFABFFE37375AB274342FFD0FF94FF9B" masterDocTitle="The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698503246731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5880D5D0819CE1D9E4D99B446E50A7A7">The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7337AB6543D5FC22FCE3FB97" ID-CoL="5LTCV" authority="virginica (Linnaeus 1771)" authorityName="virginica (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[151,887,1010,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="virginica" subGenus="Xylocopoides" subSpecies="virginica">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7337AB6543D5FC22FCE3FB97" bold="true" box="[151,887,1010,1036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7337AB6543D5FC22FE93FB97" bold="true" box="[151,263,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Xylocopa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7337AB65425AFC22FE23FB97" bold="true" box="[280,439,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Xylocopoides</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7337AB65428BFC22FD3CFB97" bold="true" box="[457,680,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">virginica virginica</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1771)
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<paragraph id="8B84368D7337AB6543D5FBE9FB1AFB01" blockId="66.[151,1436,1081,1286]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7337AB6543D5FBE9FECEFBC9" bold="true" box="[151,346,1081,1106]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">County records:</emphasis>
Allegan, Barry, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Clare, Clinton, Eaton, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Kalamazoo, 
<collectingRegion id="49FFF86F7337AB6542DEFB8EFE41FBEE" box="[412,469,1118,1141]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Kent</collectingRegion>
, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Lenawee, Livingston, Macomb, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Saginaw, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.
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<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7337AB654385FB75FE85FB25" bold="true" box="[199,273,1189,1214]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Notes.</emphasis>
Carpenter bees are frequently found in man-made structures, but only occasionally are discovered in natural sites (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7337AB654269FB19FE5EFB79" author="Howard" box="[299,458,1225,1250]" firstAuthor="Howard" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="331 - 332" refId="ref90673" refString="Howard, L. O. (1892) Notes on the hibernation of carpenter bees. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2, 331 - 332." type="journal article" year="1892">Howard 1892</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D0E7337AB65429FFB19FD26FB7A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[477,690,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginica">
<emphasis id="B94FEA9F7337AB65429FFB19FD26FB7A" box="[477,690,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Xylocopa virginica</emphasis>
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has both single and multi-female nests. Social nests are unusual in that daughters may occupy nests without functioning as traditional workers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B7C7337AB6540B2FB3DFB0CFA9D" author="Richards" box="[1008,1176,1261,1286]" firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="399 - 411" refId="ref100393" refString="Richards, M. H. (2011) Colony social organisation and alternative social strategies in the eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica. Journal of Insect Behavior, 24, 399 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10905 - 011 - 9265 - 9" type="journal article" year="2011">Richards 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
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