Protosclerogibba australis gen. et sp. nov., new genus and species of sclerogibbid wasps (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae) from South Africa Author Olmi, Massimo Author Marletta, Alessandro Author Guglielmino, Adalgisa Author Speranza, Stefano text Zootaxa 2016 2016-03-01 4085 1 127 134 journal article 31439 10.11646/zootaxa.4085.1.6 184c6be0-2ea3-49e4-a9d5-4a7e94de2be8 1175-5326 1052513 F5037344-3014-457D-8269-A28B1692DC9D Protosclerogibba Olmi, Marletta, Guglielmino & Speranza , gen. nov. ( Figs 1–5 ) Type species : Protosclerogibba australis sp. nov. Diagnosis . See description below. Description . Female . Micropterous ( Figs 1, 2 , 4, 5 ); fore wing very reduced, about twice as long as scutellum, without veins ( Figs 1, 2 , 4, 5 ); hind wing reduced, about half as long as fore wing; head with three ocelli ( Fig. 1 ); frons not produced over base of antennae (antennal toruli not concealed in dorsal view) ( Figs 2 , 4, 5 ); eyes large, situated in the posterior three fourths of the head ( Figs 1, 2 , 4, 5 ); head with posterior margin much longer than anterior one ( Figs 1 , 4 ); first antennal segment slightly longer than anterior flat surface of the hypostomal bridge ( Fig. 3 ); palpal formula 6/4; antenna 12-segmented ( Figs 1, 2 ); scutum, scutellum, metanotum and propodeum separated by distinct sutures ( Figs 1 , 4 ); mesosoma not crossed by a straight suture separating the metanotum and scutellum from the propodeum ( Figs 1 , 4 ); metanotum composed of two narrow pieces situated on sides of scutellum and hidden under wings; profemur strongly enlarged ( Figs 1, 2 , 4, 5 ), meso- and metafemur less enlarged ( Figs 1, 2 , 4, 5 ); tibial spurs formula 1/2/2. Male . Unknown. FIGURES 1–3 . Protosclerogibba australis sp. nov. , holotype, ♀. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, head in ventral view (a: first antennal segment; h: hypostomal bridge). Seventh exposed segment of gaster very small. Scale bar 1.89 mm (1), 1.87 mm (2), 0.93 mm (3). FIGURES 4–5 . Protosclerogibba australis sp. nov. , holotype, ♀. 4, dorsal view; 5, lateral view (metasoma in unnatural horizontal position for better gluing it to the label; natural position is oblique and vertical as in figure 2). Scale bar 1.94 mm (4), 1.80 mm (5). Differential diagnosis . The main distinctive characters of Protosclerogibba are the following: female micropterous ( Figs 1, 2 , 4, 5 ); frons not produced over base of antennae (antennal toruli not concealed in dorsal view) ( Figs 2 , 4, 5 ); eyes large, occupying the hind three fourths of the head ( Figs 1, 2 , 4, 5 ); palpal formula 6/4; antenna composed of 12 segments ( Figs 1, 2 ). The three above characters cannot be found in other genera of sclerogibbids. In fact females of other extant sclerogibbids are always apterous ( Figs 6–8 ), with frons produced over base of antennae (antennal toruli concealed in dorsal view) ( Fig. 9 ), eyes small, occupying the hind two thirds of the head ( Figs 6–8 ); palpal formula varying from 2/1 to 6/3, never 6/4; antenna composed of 14–39 segments ( Figs 6–8 ). In the few known fossil sclerogibbids (three known specimens, all females), the females are macropterous (in Sclerogibbodes embioleia and Pterosclerogibba antiqua ) ( Fig. 14 ) or apterous (in Probethylus poinari Olmi, 2005 ) ( Fig. 13 ); no males of fossil sclerogibbids are known. Hosts . Unknown. Etimology . The name of the new genus is formed by proto- and Sclerogibba , meaning first Sclerogibba in order of time among the extant species. Species . Type species only. Distribution . South Africa .