First record of anaxyelid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) in Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber Author Ortega-Blanco, J. Dep. d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia I Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08071 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: j. ortega. blanco @ ub. edu, xdelclos @ ub. edu Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 123, 117997, Moscow, Russia, and Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road SW 7 5 BD, London, England. E-mail: rasna _ us 2002 @ yahoo. com Author Rasnitsyn, A. P. Author Delclòs, X. Dep. d'Estratigrafia, Paleontologia I Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08071 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: j. ortega. blanco @ ub. edu, xdelclos @ ub. edu Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 123, 117997, Moscow, Russia, and Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road SW 7 5 BD, London, England. E-mail: rasna _ us 2002 @ yahoo. com text Zootaxa 2008 2008-11-19 1937 39 50 http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/5429 journal article 1175­5334 Subfamily Syntexinae Benson, 1935 Remarks : The family Anxyelidae is included in the Siricoidea [= Anaxyelidae + “ Gigasiricidae ” + Siricidae ( sensu Grimaldi & Engel 2005 ) ; = Anaxyelidae + Protosiricidae + Daohugoidae + Siricidae + Xiphydriidae ( sensu Rasnitsyn & Zhang 2004a , b, Rasnitsyn 2006 )] and comprises four subfamilies: the Late Jurassic Anaxyelinae Martynov, 1925 , the Late Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous Kempendajinae Rasnitsyn, 1980 , the Lower Cretaceous Dolichostigmatinae, Rasnitsyn 1968 and the Lower Cretaceous – Recent Syntexinae Benson, 1935 . The palaeogeographical range of the family is extensive, specimens being known from Central Asia, England , Spain and Brazil . The Syntexinae includes three genera: the extant Syntexis Rohwer, 1915 and two Lower Cretaceous genera, Eosyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1990 (Neocomian of East Siberia, Berriasian of England and Barremian of Spain ) and Cretosyntexis Rasnitsyn & Martínez-Delclòs, 2000 (Barremian of Spain ) (see Fig. 5 ). New diagnosis of Syntexinae . Pedicel as long as scape (known only for Syntexis and Eosyntexis parva n. sp. ) ( Figs. 2G and 4B ). Pronotum with dorsal face well developed and crossed by medial suture or impressed line ( Fig. 2C ). Mesonotum with distinct transverse rugae (known for Syntexis and Cretosyntexis , although in E. parva similar rugae are present on the pronotum) ( Figs. 2A, C and 3E ). Fore wing with SC completely lost, 1r-rs either longer than 2r-rs or lost. Hind wing with r-m placed near RS bending and with m-cu lost (known only for Syntexis and Eosyntexis senilis ). Remarks . The Syntexinae show an important simplification and reduction of the wing venation ( Fig. 1 ): fore wing with SC completely lost, RS more or less straightened between cells 1mcu and 2r due to 1r-rs crossvein either long or lost, distal R and RS sometimes lost; hind wing when known with distal venation somewhat reduced, with r-m crossvein displaced basally and m-cu lost. Also the long pedicel, furrowed pronotum and mesonotum with marked sculpture distinguish Syntexinae from the three other subfamilies.