Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status Author Moraes, Juliana Cristina Bertacini Author Terossi, Mariana Author Buranelli, Raquel Corrêa Author Mantelatto, Fernando L. Author Bueno, Sérgio Luiz De Siqueira text Zootaxa 2016 4193 1 1 48 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.1.1 53780a8e-66fa-4263-8542-ff9c540ab37d 1175-5326 166587 17A58F3B-AB46-4509-8CFF-A7C2A6B7E15A Aegla lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al., 2015 ( Figs 1 , 8 A, 15A–F, 30) Aegla lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al., 2015: 846 , fig. 5 [male holotype ]. Aegla paulensis — Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994 pro parte : 242 [not Aegla paulensis Schmitt, 1942 ]. Type material. Holotype : male, Brazil , state of Paraná , Rio Branco do Sul , Lancinhas Grot , Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Upper Ribeira sub-basin, tributary of Açungui River , 25°10’0.3”S – 049°17’10.9”W, altitude 900 m , 06.x.2003 , G Bond-Buckup and L Buckup coll. (MZUSP 30033). Other material examined. 0 5 males topotypes [largest male: 15.40 mm , smallest male: 11.83 mm ] and 7 females topotypes [largest female: 15.47 mm , smallest female: 10.88 mm ], Brazil , Paraná , city of Rio Branco do Sul , “ Gruta da Lancinha ” (SBE code: PR _6) stream, 25°10’14.2”S –049°17’31.9”W, altitude 810 m , JCB Moraes, A Trevisan and SLS Bueno coll., 25.x.2012 (MZUSP 34403). 3 males [largest male: 12.12 mm , smallest male: 9.51 mm ] and 6 females topotypes [largest female: 14.15 mm , smallest female: 8.78 mm ], ibidem , 25°09’56.4”S– 049°17’06.2”W, altitude 747 m , JCB Moraes, A Trevisan and SLS Bueno coll., 25.x.2012 (MZUSP 34380, genetic voucher: Genbank access KU948372 ). Remarks. Aegla lancinhas can be differentiated from all other members of the A. paulensis species complex in having the following combination of characters: (i) distal portion of rostrum lanceolate (instead of blunt distally), (ii) slender cephalothorax, whose posterior region is not markedly wider than the anterior region, and (iii) absence of tubercle on dorsal margin of the merus of the chelipeds. Aegla lancinhas further differs from A. paulensis s. str. and A. rosanae in having (i) nearly straight rostrum (rostrum curved downward in A. paulensis and curved upward distally in A. rosanae ) ( Figs. 15 A, 26 A–B). It additionally differs from A. paulensis s. str. in the presence of corneous scales at the lateral margin of the epibranchial area (lateral margin of the epibranchial area with no corneous scales in A. paulensis s. str. ) ( Figs. 11 B, 15C, 28A) and narrow uropods (wide uropods in A. paulensis s. str. ) ( Figs. 11 D, 15F) and from A. rosanae in having (i) corneous scales on the epigastric prominences and on the protogastric lobes (corneous scales absent in A. rosanae ). FIGURE 15. Aegla lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al. , 2015 , male topotype (MZUSP 34403). A, lateral view of the anterior region of the cephalothorax. B, lateral view of subrostral process (arrow). C, epibranchial area with small corneous scale on the anterolateral angle and lateral margin (arrows). D, anteromesial region of third thoracic sternite abruptshaped. E, chelipeds subequal and poorly inflated. F, telson, uropods and sixth abdominal segment Bars: A = 1.0 mm; B, D = 0.5 mm; C = 0.2 mm; E, F = 2.0 mm. Bond-Buckup & Buckup (in Santos et al. 2015: 848) provided a combination of morphological characters to separate Aegla lancinhas from Aegla paulensis . Reassessment of the holotype of A. lancinhas (MZUSP 30033), however, revealed some inconsistencies, which are worth commenting upon. Contrary to what has been previously reported the chelae are more inflated ( Figs. 2 , 10 , 15 E) and the palm crest more excavated ( Figs. 2 , 10 , 15 E) in A. paulensis s. str. (both chelipeds) than in A. lancinhas , and the rostrum is actually longer in A. paulensis s. str. than in A. lancinhas ( Figs. 15 A, 15B, 26A, 27A).