High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni) Author Soleglad, Michael E. Author Fet, Victor text Euscorpius 2003 2003-12-26 2003 11 1 175 http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1 journal article 10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1 1536-9307 13237351 86191695-B841-4C9D-BFF2-CBC76D1861BA Subfamily Caraboctoninae Kraepelin, 1905 Type Genus. Caraboctonus Pocock, 1893 . Synonyms . Hadruroidinae Mello-Leitão, 1934 ; type genus Hadruroides Pocock, 1893 . Composition. This subfamily includes two genera, Caraboctonus and Hadruroides . Distribution. South America ( Bolivia , Ecuador , Galapagos Islands , Chile , Peru ). Biogeographic history . Of two genera of Caraboctoninae , Caraboctonus has clear adaptations to arid habitats, and is found only in the deserts of Chile and southern Peru (Lourenço, 1995). Diagnosis . Synapomorphies. Ventral surface of leg tarsus with heavily populated spinule cluster groups; leg tarsus unguicular spur blunted; genital papillae of male visible from genital operculum posterior edge; accessory trichobothrium found in patellar external em series. Important Symplesiomorphies. Chelal trichobothrium Et 5 positioned on fixed finger; dorsal edge of cheliceral movable finger with two subdistal denticles; leg coxae IV elongated; lateral carinae partially present on metasomal segment IV; chela with “10-carinae” configuration.