Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Author
Johnson, Andrew J.
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611,
andrewjavanjohnson@gmail.com
Author
Hulcr, Jiri
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611,
Author
Knížek, Miloš
Department of Forest Protection Service, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Jíloviště, Praha 5, Zbraslav CZ- 15600, Czechia,
Author
Atkinson, Thomas H.
Texas Natural History Collections, Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712,
Author
Mandelshtam, Michail Yu.
Department of Forest Protection, Wood Science and Game Management, Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S. M. Kirov, Institutskii per., 5, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia,
Author
Smith, Sarah M.
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824,
Author
Cognato, Anthony I.
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824,
Author
Park, Sangwook
Research Institute of Forest Insect Diversity, Namyangju 12113, South Korea,
Author
Li, You
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611,
Author
Jordal, Bjarte H.
University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, 5020 Bergen, and
text
Insect Systematics and Diversity
2020
2020-05-31
4
3
1
1
81
journal article
22148
10.1093/isd/ixaa002
be792f86-9e77-414c-9e2f-767704ff704e
2399-3421
3826789
Cosmoderes
Eichhoff, 1878a: 387
(
Figs. 14–15
)
Synonymy
=
Cosmoderes
Eichhoff, 1878b: 495
.
=
Erioschidias
Schedl, 1938b: 42
(unavailable name).
=
Cosmoderus
Chamberlin, 1939: 274
(unavailable name). =
Allernoporus
Kurentsov, 1941: 159
syn. nov.
=
Vitideres
Beeson, 1941: 391
(unavailable name).
=
Erischidias
Schedl, 1942d: 9
(unavailable name).
=
Dendriops
Schedl, 1953a: 125
.
=
Erioschidias
Wood, 1960: 21
.
=
Vitideres
Beeson, 1961: 301
(unavailable name). =
Pseudocosmoderes
Nobuchi, 1981: 16
.
=
Vitaderes
Wood and Bright, 1992: 901
(unavailable name).
Type of genus
Cosmoderes monilicollis
Eichhoff, 1878a
.
Diagnosis
Body shape elongated, antennae with short funicle, antennal club large and without sutures, marginal asperities present, mesocoxae contiguous, anterior plate of proventriculus short.
Female
Overall shape elongate, more than 2.5 times as long as wide. Eye emarginated. Antennae with two or three funicular segments, and antennal club large, flattened, with no indication of sutures or a septum. Anterior margin of pronotum with 2–12 marginal asperities. Pronotum surface texture typically rugose. Lateral margins of pronotum rounded or with a carina on posteriolateral margin. Metatibiae with socketed denticles on the lateral edge distributed over at least apical third. Mesocoxae contiguous. The third tarsal segment cylindrical. Elytra with slightly flattened interstrial bristles. Ground vestiture sparse or absent, and hair-like if present. Proventriculus elongate, apical plate short, sometimes with a patch of teeth or granules near the median suture.
Male
Externally identical to females in most species, identified only through dissection of genitalia. In one undescribed species from
Vietnam
, sexual dimorphism is expressed in the male which has small tubercles on the frons and enlarged setae on the antennae (Johnson, unpublished). Penis apodemes of similar length to penis body, not fused at apex. Tegmen open dorsally. Tegmen with a median ventral apodeme. Spiculum gastrale without fork, of similar thickness to penis apodemes. Basal sclerites poorly developed.
Distribution
Africa, Asia, New
Guinea
,
Australia
, Oceania.
Figure 14.
Images of
Cosmoderes
spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A)
C. attenuatus
, B)
C. consobrinus
, C)
C. elegans
, D)
C. euonymi
. Eye and antennae of E)
C. elegans
, F)
C. euonymi
.
Figure 15.
Images of
Cosmoderes
spp.: Aedeagus of A)
C. consobrinus
and B)
C. elegans
. Proventricuus of C)
C. attenuatus
, and D)
C. elegans
.
Remarks
Fifteen species known. The genus
Allernoporus
was found to be synonymous with this genus.
Allernoporus euonymi
is different from the generic
type
of
Cosmoderes
only by having two marginal asperities, bifurcating setae on the hypomeron, and ground vestiture on the elytra. These character states are found in other
Cosmoderes
species, and are typically variable in other Trypophloeini genera.
Specimens labeled as undetermined
Cosmoderes
spp. have been included in several phylogenetic studies (
Jordal and Cognato 2012
,
Gohli et al. 2017
,
Pistone et al. 2018
). These specimens were re-evaluated here and are in fact species of
Eidophelus
, indicated by the entire eye.
The biology of
Cosmoderes
is poorly known. Most specimens collected by the authors were from nonwoody material, especially vines.
Cosmoderes monilicollis
were observed to be monogamous with eggs laid in a cluster (Johnson, unpublished).
Type material examined
Holotype
of
Cosmoderes consobrinus
Blandford, 1894
(
BMNH
);
holotype
of
Erioschidias cylindricus
Schedl, 1962
(
NHMW
);
holotype
of
Cosmoderes elegans
Schedl, 1975
(
NHMW
);
paralectotypes
(2) of
Allernoporus euonymi
Kurentsov, 1941
(
ZIN
);
paratype
of
Erioschidias frontalis
Wood, 1960
(
USNM
);
lectotype
of
Dendriops granulicollis
Schedl, 1953
(
NHMW
);
holotype
of
Cosmoderes papuanus
Schedl, 1975
(
NHMW
);
holotype
of
Erioschidias ruandae
Schedl, 1962
(
NHMW
).
Included species
Cosmoderes anticus
(
Schedl, 1975a: 343
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.
Cosmoderes attenuatus
(
Nobuchi, 1981: 17
)
(
Pseudocosmoderes
)
.
Cosmoderes consobrinus
Blandford, 1894b: 86
.
Cosmoderes corpulentus
(
Schedl, 1971d: 151
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.
Cosmoderes cylindricus
(
Schedl, 1962f: 103
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.
Cosmoderes elegans
Schedl, 1975a: 342
.
Cosmoderes elongatus
(
Eggers, 1939a: 4
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.
Cosmoderes euonymi
(
Kurentsov, 1941: 159
)
(
Allernoporus
)
comb. nov.
[
Allernoporus
].
Cosmoderes frontalis
(
Wood, 1960: 21
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.
Cosmoderes monilicollis
Eichhoff, 1878a: 387
.
=
Cosmoderes monilicollis
Eichhoff, 1878b: 496
(syn: Alonso- Zarazaga and Lyal, 2009).
=
Dendriops granulicollis
Schedl, 1953a: 125
(syn:
Schedl, 1963c
).
=
Erioschidias coriaceus
Schedl, 1959a: 474
(syn:
Schedl, 1963c
).
Cosmoderes papuanus
Schedl, 1975a: 341
.
Cosmoderes queenslandi
(
Schedl, 1938b: 43
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.
Cosmoderes ruandae
(
Schedl, 1962f: 104
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.
Cosmoderes setistriatus
(
Lea, 1910: 141
)
(
Cryphalus
)
.
Cosmoderes solitarius
(
Schedl, 1957b: 46
)
(
Erioschidias
)
.