Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Author
Johnson, Andrew J.
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611,
andrewjavanjohnson@gmail.com
Author
Hulcr, Jiri
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611,
Author
Knížek, Miloš
Department of Forest Protection Service, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Jíloviště, Praha 5, Zbraslav CZ- 15600, Czechia,
Author
Atkinson, Thomas H.
Texas Natural History Collections, Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712,
Author
Mandelshtam, Michail Yu.
Department of Forest Protection, Wood Science and Game Management, Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S. M. Kirov, Institutskii per., 5, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia,
Author
Smith, Sarah M.
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824,
Author
Cognato, Anthony I.
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824,
Author
Park, Sangwook
Research Institute of Forest Insect Diversity, Namyangju 12113, South Korea,
Author
Li, You
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611,
Author
Jordal, Bjarte H.
University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, 5020 Bergen, and
text
Insect Systematics and Diversity
2020
2020-05-31
4
3
1
1
81
journal article
22148
10.1093/isd/ixaa002
be792f86-9e77-414c-9e2f-767704ff704e
2399-3421
3826789
Procryphalus
Hopkins, 1915: 33
(
Fig. 31
)
Type of genus
Procryphalus populi
Hopkins, 1915
.
Diagnosis
Distinguished from other Ernoporini and former
Cryphalini
by the rounded lateral margins of the pronotum, by the eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half, and by the proventriculus with clusters of giant spines.
Female
Elongate in appearance, at least 2.7 times as long as wide. Frons convex, slightly elongate. Eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half. Antennae with four funicle segments. Antennal club with one complete septum, and an additional straight suture. Pronotum with marginal asperities, sometimes anteriorly projected. Pronotum constricted and narrower than elytra. Lateral margin of pronotum rounded. All species mature black with pale scales. Proventriculus with large, sclerotized crop spines in clusters just anterior to the anterior plate.
Male
Externally similar to female. Penis apodemes much shorter than penis body, fused at apex. Tegmen open dorsally, and of a similar thickness to penis apodemes. A very small median tegminal apodeme is present. Spiculum gastrale thicker than penis apodemes, with a fork. Basal sclerites visible. Genitalia very similar to
Hemicryphalus
.
Distribution
Holarctic, with one additional species from tropical Southeast Asia (
Thailand
).
Remarks
Four species known. Externally very similar to some species of
Eidophelus
, distinguished only by the antennae, by the rounded lateral margin of the pronotum, and by the proventriculus which has clusters of large long spines compared to sclerotized contiguous short spines in
Eidophelus
. The recent transfer of
Dryocoetiops petioli
to
Procryphalus
(
Beaver et al. 2019
)
is supported by several multi-gene phylogenies (
Jordal and Cognato 2012
,
Pistone et al. 2018
) and the similar aedeagus and proventriculus (short apical plate with clusters of long crop spines). Very similar and dubiously distinct from
Hemicryphalus
, but available molecular data did not support the morphological similarity.
Type material examined
Holotype
Cryphalus mucronatus
LeConte, 1879
(
MCZ
)
;
‘Cotype’
Ernoporus fraxini
Berger, 1917
(
NHMW
)
.
Included species
Procryphalus fraxini
(
Berger, 1917: 238
) (
Ernoporus
)
.
Procryphalus mucronatus
(
LeConte, 1879: 518
) (
Cryphalus
)
.
=
Procryphalus idahoensis
Hopkins, 1915: 34
(syn:
Wood, 1954
).
=
Procryphalus populi
Hopkins, 1915: 34
(syn:
Wood, 1954
).
Procryphalus petioli
(Beaver, 1990: 281) (
Dryocoetiops
)
Procryphalus utahensis
Hopkins, 1915: 33
.
=
Procryphalus aceris
Hopkins, 1915: 33
(syn:
Wood, 1954
).
=
Procryphalus salicis
Hopkins, 1915: 33
(syn:
Wood, 1954
).