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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="32C0504B36685A6FAFFF6B5C03C8266E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Lechriops Schoenherr 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182230650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:32C0504B36685A6FAFFF6B5C03C8266E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/32C0504B36685A6FAFFF6B5C03C8266E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName LSID="32C0504B-3668-5A6F-AFFF-6B5C03C8266E" authority="Schoenherr, 1825: c. 586" authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriops Schoenherr, 1825: c.586</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures10–18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Figs 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–36" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures19–36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143828" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">, 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 79–82" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 79 - 82. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Lechriopini. 79 a-b Eulechriops minutus [ASUHIC 0024145] 80 a-b Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000800]. 81 a-b Hoplocopturus varipes [SSAC 0001086] 82 a-b Lechriops vestitus [SSAC 0001114]. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures79–82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143834" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">, 82</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
=
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Gelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gelus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gelus</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1897: 667 [Syn.: Champion, 1906: 91]. Type species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cryptorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorhynchus oculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">Cryptorhynchus oculatus</taxonomicName>
Say, 1824 [by subsequent designation:
<bibRefCitation author="Sleeper, EL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="209 - 219" refId="B146" refString="Sleeper, EL, 1963. A study of the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of America north of Mexico, I. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 62 (4): 209 - 219" title="A study of the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of America north of Mexico, I." volume="62" year="1963">Sleeper 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 210].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhynchaenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhynchaenus sciurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciurus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Rhynchaenus sciurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1801 [by original designation].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="gender">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Gender.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Masculine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
Most species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: the second antennal funicular article is longer than the first, the mesoventrite has a rostral channel that is bordered laterally by carinae, and the metafemora are carinate and ventrally toothed (
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion 1906b</bibRefCitation>
: 91). The anterior margin of the metaventrite is also usually excavated to receive the apex of the rostrum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 18. Variation in the mesoventrite. 10 Lechriops californicus [ASUHIC 0024146] showing relatively parallel carinae marking the lateral margin of the rostral channel and a closure of the channel on the metaventrite 11 Microzygops nigrofasciatus [ARTSYS 0000797] with tubercles anterior to the mesocoxae and slight, arcuate carinae on the anterior region of the mesoventrite (encircling the central scaled region) 12 Paramnemyne decemcostata [ARTSYS 0000798] showing tuberculate posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a transverse carina near the posterior margin of the metaventrite 13 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing a deep ovoid receptacle on the meso- and metaventrite 14 Turcopus viscivorus [ARTSYS 0000530] showing a receptacle on the mesoventrite with prominently carinate posterior margin 15 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001066] showing a completely unmodified mesoventrite covered with multifid setae 16 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0031514] showing a ventrally expanded posterior margin of the mesoventrite to receive the rostrum in repose 17 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] with tubercles at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite and a deep depression at the posterior margin in between 18 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing slight lamellate processes at the posterolateral margins of the mesoventrite as well as transversely flattened projections behind the procoxae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures10–18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143827" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">10</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion 1906b</bibRefCitation>
: 91,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="56" pageNumber="107" pagination="333 - 339" refId="B76" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2009. Two new weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (3): 333 - 339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" title="Two new weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" volume="63" year="2009">Hespenheide 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 334), and the region of the mesoventrite lateral to the longitudinal carinae is often with dense multifid setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
Many species have a white elytral sutural spot (as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 79–82" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 79 - 82. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Lechriopini. 79 a-b Eulechriops minutus [ASUHIC 0024145] 80 a-b Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000800]. 81 a-b Hoplocopturus varipes [SSAC 0001086] 82 a-b Lechriops vestitus [SSAC 0001114]. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures79–82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143834" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">82b</figureCitation>
), but this is not exclusive to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="56" pageNumber="107" pagination="333 - 339" refId="B76" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2009. Two new weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (3): 333 - 339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" title="Two new weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" volume="63" year="2009">Hespenheide 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="79" type="key">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName genus="Keys" lsidName="Keys" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="79" start="start">Keys</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
See
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/580" author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="95 - 98" refId="B69" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2003. A new Eulechriops for the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (1): 95 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/580" title="A new Eulechriops for the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/580" volume="57" year="2003">Hespenheide 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 351 (for the seven U.S. species) and
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion 1906b</bibRefCitation>
: 91 (for Central America). Also
<bibRefCitation author="Sleeper, EL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="209 - 219" refId="B146" refString="Sleeper, EL, 1963. A study of the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of America north of Mexico, I. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 62 (4): 209 - 219" title="A study of the Zygopinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of America north of Mexico, I." volume="62" year="1963">Sleeper 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 210 (for U.S. species),
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122480" author="Blatchley, WS" journalOrPublisher="The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B8" refString="Blatchley, WS, Leng, CW, 1916. Rhynchophora or weevils of North Eastern America. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122480" title="Rhynchophora or weevils of North Eastern America." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122480" year="1916">Blatchley and Leng 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 418 (for Northeastern U.S. species, as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Gelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gelus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Gelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<bibRefCitation author="LeConte, JL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 455" refId="B103" refString="LeConte, JL, Horn, GH, 1876. The Rhyncophora of America, north of Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 15 (96): 1 - 455" title="The Rhyncophora of America, north of Mexico." volume="15" year="1876">LeConte and Horn 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 260 (for U.S. species, as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Piazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Piazurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="79" type="phylogenetic relationships">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
Some species look superficially very similar to species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faust" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eulechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Eulechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the above combination of characters will separate most species.
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b</bibRefCitation>
: 91) considered
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be very close to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in both genera he described species similar to the other genus (
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. copturoides" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="copturoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">L. copturoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus furfuraceus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furfuraceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Macrocopturus furfuraceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Champion, 1906), the latter of which &quot;forms a sort of connecting-link between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Copturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion 1906b</bibRefCitation>
: 69)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="79" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Host associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
Some species in the U.S. and Mexico (the
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. californicus" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">L. californicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/580" author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="95 - 98" refId="B69" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2003. A new Eulechriops for the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (1): 95 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/580" title="A new Eulechriops for the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/580" volume="57" year="2003">Hespenheide 2003</bibRefCitation>
) are associated with various species of conifers in the genera
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="E.A.Carriere" authorityYear="1867" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Pseudotsuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carrière">Carriere</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="E.A.Carriere" authorityYear="1867" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
Spreng. ex Rudolphi). Some Central American species have been reared from petioles and stems of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cecropia" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Cecropia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Coussapoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coussapoa" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Coussapoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000133" author="Jordal, BH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical Ecology" pageId="56" pageNumber="107" pagination="153 - 176" refId="B90" refString="Jordal, BH, Kirkendall, LR, 1998. Ecological relationships of a guild of tropical beetles breeding in Cecropia petioles. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14: 153 - 176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000133" title="Ecological relationships of a guild of tropical beetles breeding in Cecropia petioles." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000133" volume="14" year="1998">Jordal and Kirkendall 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 159,
<bibRefCitation author="LaPierre, LM" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" refId="B101" refString="LaPierre, LM, 2002. Diversity and ecology of insect herbivores associated with Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) in Costa Rica and their relationship with its Azteca (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) mutualists. PhD Thesis, University of Californa, Los Angeles." title="Diversity and ecology of insect herbivores associated with Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) in Costa Rica and their relationship with its Azteca (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) mutualists. PhD Thesis, University of Californa, Los Angeles." year="2002">LaPierre 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The Puerto Rican
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops psidii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psidii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Lechriops psidii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Marshall, 1922 is known to feed on guava fruits (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psidium guajava" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" author="Marshall, GAK" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia" pageId="57" pageNumber="108" refId="B108" refString="Marshall, GAK, 1922. Some injurious Neotropical weevils. Bulletin of Entomological Research 13(1) 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" title="Some injurious Neotropical weevils. Bulletin of Entomological Research 13 (1) 59 - 71." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300045247" year="1922">Marshall 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 70), but the placement of that species in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is suspect (though no specimens have been observed) due to the unmodified mesoventrite and lack of a femoral tooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="79" type="described species">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Described species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
Forty-nine species are known from the focal region [including two more described by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/580" author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="95 - 98" refId="B69" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2003. A new Eulechriops for the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (1): 95 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/580" title="A new Eulechriops for the United States (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/580" volume="57" year="2003">Hespenheide 2003</bibRefCitation>
] and an additional 42 species are known exclusively from South America (
<bibRefCitation author="Wibmer, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 563" refId="B153" refString="Wibmer, GJ, O'Brien, CW, 1986. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number 39: 1 - 563" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="39" year="1986">
Wibmer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
: 263, including four more described by
<bibRefCitation author="Rheinheimer, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" refId="B137" refString="Rheinheimer, J, 2011. Les Conoderinae de Guyane (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Coleopteres de Guyane. Tome IV: 65-88." title="Les Conoderinae de Guyane (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Coleopteres de Guyane. Tome IV: 65 - 88." year="2011">Rheinheimer 2011</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="79" type="range">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="79">
Canada, U.S.A., Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe; South America. A new species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="79">Lechriops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently described from India (
<bibRefCitation author="Khairmode, PV" journalOrPublisher="Flora and Fauna" pageId="56" pageNumber="107" pagination="191 - 194" refId="B92" refString="Khairmode, PV, Sathe, TV, 2015. On a new species of the genus Lechriops Schonherr Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Flora and Fauna 21 (2): 191 - 194" title="On a new species of the genus Lechriops Schonherr Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="21" year="2015">Khairmode and Sathe 2015</bibRefCitation>
), though the position of the species in this genus or in the tribe
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lechriopini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriopini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lechriopini</taxonomicName>
is doubtful.
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83
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Bombyliidae</paragraph>
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Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Meigen" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Toxophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxophora" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Toxophora Meigen</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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is distributed worldwide, being more diverse in the Afrotropical and Palearctic regions. Mexico's fauna includes three Neotropical species and five Nearctic species. All Nearctic species of Mexico were distributed in the western half of the country. These two new records represent the first of this genus in Coahuila and the most eastern distribution of the Nearctic species in the country. The New World species of this genus were keyed using
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<paragraph id="06BFD967F93A99E2CED29C0464A54AAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672">NIB</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="56A81DF16FF46E195CBF7448910E1CA3" author="Hayward, P. J." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" pagination="369 - 402" title="Studies on the cheilostome bryozoan fauna of the Aegean island of Chios" volume="8" year="1974">Hayward 1974</bibRefCitation>
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