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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.58536" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe16c7d6-21cc-4248-8032-5d5f07a2001b" ID-PMC="PMC7723880" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-999-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="917CDF077020599AB0CA822B3D80745A" ID-PubMed="33343213" ID-ZooBank="34E6CD7AEAD146D4926A61683DFFC740" ModsDocID="1313-2970-999-49" checkinTime="1607107186528" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rosa, Paolo, Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., Halada, Marek &amp; Aibek, Ulykpan" docDate="2020" docId="66561CA13312586DA51810BDD2E4C95C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 999: 49-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 999" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.58536" docTitle="Chrysis asahinai Tsuneki 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="917CDF077020599AB0CA822B3D80745A" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="917CDF077020599AB0CA822B3D80745A" masterDocTitle="First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of Mongolia, with description of new species" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668169999630" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of Mongolia, with description of new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Via Belvedere 8 / d, I- 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italy</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-5297</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Federal Scientific Centre for East Asian Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-8226</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">proshchalikin@biosoil.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Halada, Marek</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Milady Horakove 74 37012 Ceske Budejovice, Czeck Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aibek, Ulykpan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170678060" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:66561CA13312586DA51810BDD2E4C95C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/66561CA13312586DA51810BDD2E4C95C" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="66561CA1-3312-586D-A518-10BDD2E4C95C" authority="Tsuneki, 1950" authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis asahinai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">Chrysis asahinai Tsuneki, 1950</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) asahinai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai" subGenus="Tetrachrysis">Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) asahinai</taxonomicName>
Tsuneki, 1950: 80. Holotype ♀; China, Manchuria, 22.VIII.1938, leg. S. Asahina (OMNH) (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">pulchella</emphasis>
group).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis asahinai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asahinai">Chrysis asahinai</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Moczar, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="183 - 190" refId="B56" refString="Moczar, L, 1967. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 100. Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 13 (1-2): 183 - 190" title="Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 100. Chrysididae (Hymenoptera)." volume="13" year="1967">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Móczár">Moczar</normalizedToken>
1967
</bibRefCitation>
: 189 (cat., Mongolia: 1 ♀, Estgobi aimag: Cagan Elis, 800 m, 30 km ESE von Zuun-Bajan, Exp. Dr. Z. Kasab, 1963, nr. 22, 23.VI.1963).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Mongolia:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bayankhongor</emphasis>
, 12 ♂♂, 130 km S of Bayankhongor,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.05">45°03'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.98333">100°59'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1240 m, 6.VII.2004, leg. JH, MK (MHC, PRC); 1 ♀, ibid, Orog Nuur, 6-7.VII.2004, on
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Saxaul</emphasis>
, leg. JS (PRC);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bulgan</emphasis>
, 13 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂, Mongol Els Nat. Res., dunes,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.4">47°24'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="103.65">103°39'E</geoCoordinate>
, 31.VII.2005, leg. JH (MHC);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Sukhbaatar</emphasis>
, 1 ♂, 100 km SSW of Baruun-Urt, 1100 m, 30.VII.2007, leg. MH (MHC);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Tuv</emphasis>
, 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, 75 km W of Ulaanbaatar, dunes, 2.VIII.2005, leg. JH (MHC); 39 ♀♀, 37 ♂♂, 70 km W of Ulaanbaatar, 1070 m, dunes, 16.VIII.2007, leg. JH, MH (MHC);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Umnugovi</emphasis>
, 1 ♂, Gobi, 100 km SW of Dalanzadgad, Bayanzag, on
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Saxaul</emphasis>
, 1-2.VII.2003, leg. JH (MHC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Mongolia (*Bayankhongor, *Bulgan, Dornogovi, *Sukhbaatar, *Tuv, *Umnugovi); China (Liaoning) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.455.6557" author="Rosa, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 128" refId="B83" refString="Rosa, P, Wei, N-s, Xu, Z-f, 2014. An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China. ZooKeys 455: 1 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.455.6557" title="An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.455.6557" volume="455" year="2014">Rosa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4A10512FF546E16CBDFC3D" bold="true" box="[151,644,993,1019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
Family
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4A10512F9446E16CBDFC3D" ID-CoL="7NHW5" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[246,644,993,1019]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hydractiniidae L. Agassiz, 1862</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<document id="207369891D4DFD2F88331B2575D8F527" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3710.6.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="82911dae-6cc8-4a88-8a61-43a3a5a341c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218202" ID-ZooBank="2F011427-D046-4D5C-8440-428225B0FED5" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460677672114" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Ferry, Romain" docDate="2013" docId="665625721E4A105B2FF541616F63FE33" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03710p590.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3710 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Podocoryna martinicana Galea &amp; Ferry, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="589" masterDocId="9A6F5D0A1E4B10502F6245006E39FFC6" masterDocTitle="Podocoryna martinicana, a new species of athecate hydroid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Hydractiniidae) from the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="590" masterPageNumber="578" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1698350143526" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BB3B1CC5160058DE93551EBA462736A9">Podocoryna martinicana, a new species of athecate hydroid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Hydractiniidae) from the Caribbean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0AC64377C3D7C69A747D4397692082C2">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3CBD608707267A2EFED3470EB24950BC">Ferry, Romain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E4E5F488681F578841214A544BB379CB">2013</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FF541616C11FBBD" blockId="1.[151,552,1121,1181]" box="[151,552,1121,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<heading id="B50823081E4A10512FF541616C11FBBD" bold="true" box="[151,552,1121,1147]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4A10512FF541616C11FBBD" bold="true" box="[151,552,1121,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4A10512FF541616FFAFBBD" ID-CoL="4KQHW" box="[151,451,1121,1147]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4A10512FF541616FFAFBBD" bold="true" box="[151,451,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Podocoryna martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B8F50D1E4A10512EA941616C11FBBD" box="[459,552,1121,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FF541846FEBFB5A" blockId="1.[151,552,1121,1181]" box="[151,466,1156,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
(Pl. 1, 2; Fig. 1;
<tableCitation id="A37DA1DF1E4A10512E2C41846F95FB5A" box="[334,428,1156,1181]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,445,468]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,528,1063]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidome of Podocoryna martinicana sp. nov. (dimensions are given in µm). The occurrence of nematocysts ranges from rare (+), to average (++), to abundant (+++)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" tableUuid="BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 2)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E5C7EF1E4A10512FF541CC6B33FAEB" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FF541CC6B33FAEB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1228,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4A10512FF541CC6F44FB23" bold="true" box="[151,381,1228,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E4A10512EED41CC6C37FB23" box="[399,526,1228,1253]" name="Martinique" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Martinique</collectingCountry>
, Case-Pilote, 14.638553°, -61.139591°,
<date id="9A41B2A41E4A10512C8041CC6A6CFB23" box="[994,1109,1228,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" value="2013-02-18">18.ii.2013</date>
, 10 m: one shell carrying a fertile hydroid colony (
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4A10512ECB41F06C29FACF" box="[425,528,1264,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, MHNG-INVE-83148), about 50 newly released medusae (
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4A10512BAA41F06B14FACE" box="[1224,1325,1264,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, MHNG- INVE-83149), as well as 49 additional shells with hydroid colonies (
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4A10512CFA40146DC4FAEA" box="[920,1021,1300,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, MHNG-INVE-83150).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E5C7EF1E4A10552FA540386DC0FCE6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" type="description">
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FA540386AEAFA27" blockId="1.[151,1437,1228,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4A10512FA540386F68FA97" bold="true" box="[199,337,1336,1361]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies live exclusively on gastropod shells inhabited by the hermit crab
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4A10512A6A40386F21FAB2" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Iridopagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribbensis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4A10512A6A40386F21FAB2" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">Iridopagurus caribbensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The hydrorhiza is an encrusting, nearly continuous mat of perisarc-covered stolons, generally not overlaid by coenosarc externally, except for some rare instances in which the latter spreads for a limited extent around the base of some nutritive polyps. The perisarc is rather thin, translucent, straw-colored. Spines are absent. Zooids arise directly from hydrorhiza and are of three
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4A10512D9A40C96D0EFA27" box="[760,823,1481,1505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">types</typeStatus>
: gastro-, gono-, and tentaculozooids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FA540EC6D53F97D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1228,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
Gastrozooids are stout, tall (1.0–5.0 mm high), columnar (
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wide), generally
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number (but up to 9 were observed2) in a linear row along the inner lip of the host shell (Pl. 1F–H). They are provided with up to 86 filiform tentacles with solid endodermal cores, arranged in 2–5 closely-set whorls, held in various attitudes, and irregularly bent or curved. Aberrant, two-headed polyps (Pl.
<date id="9A41B2A41E4A10512C13435B6DB0F9B5" box="[881,905,1627,1651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">1I</date>
) were irregularly found among the colonies examined. The gastric cavity is lined with prominent longitudinal ridges and villosities, especially visible in polyps with the mouth open wide, or in those turned inside-out (Pl. 1L).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FA543C66BA5F8A9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1228,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">
Gonozooids, more numerous (up to 48) and much smaller than their nutritive counterparts (
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high, but up to
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in full extension, and
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wide), occur typically on the rim of the upper lip of the host shell (Pl. 1E, G, H). Their dome-shaped hypostome, which does not open externally into a mouth, is encircled by a whorl of 4–9 tentacles reduced to globular, mere stumps (Pl. 2H). Aberrant, two- (Pl.
<date id="9A41B2A41E4A10512B4C42336A7FF88D" box="[1070,1094,1843,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">2I</date>
) or even three-headed polyps may be found among the common ones. Up to 30 gonophores are borne on short stalks arising from a budding zone
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FF5429D6F20F814" blockId="1.[151,1436,1949,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">1. The role of the vents was to allow for the input of oxygenated water, carrying food items, and to prevent potential predators from reaching the hydroids.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4A10512FF542DB6DFCF836" blockId="1.[151,1436,1949,2033]" box="[151,965,2011,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="579">2. Their number varies according to the age of the colony and the size of the inhabited shell.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4910522FF545976AD2FEDA" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="580">proximal to the tentacular whorl (Pl. 2G). Young gonophores are more or less spherical, while the older ones become more pyriform. All are enveloped in a thin, transparent, membranous sheet ruptured by pulsation of the gonophore before release from the parent polyp. The gonophores are liberated as free-swimming medusae. Medusa buds are provided with four well-developed tentacles, coiled up in the subumbrellar cavity (Pl. 2J).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4910522FF5425F6DE2F836" blockId="2.[151,1436,1887,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4910522FF5425F6EC4F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,253,1887,1909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="580">PLATE 1</emphasis>
. Hermit crabs either resting burrowed in sand (A) or foraging (B). Ventral (C), lateral (D), and dorsal (E) views of three crabs, to show the position of gastro- and gonozooids. Encrusting hydrorhiza and gastrozooids on the inner lip of a shell (F). Shell apertures colonized by hydroids (G, H). Double-headed gastrozooid (I). Details of the insertion of tentacles (J) and their solid endodermal cores (K). Inside-out gastrozooids showing the characteristic longitudinal ridges lining their gastric cavity (L). Scale bars (in mm): 0.5 (J, K); 1.0 (F–I); 2.0 (C–E); 2.5 (L); 3.0 (A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4810532FF543EB6DBCF8BD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1771,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4810532FF543EB6F38F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,257,1771,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">PLATE 2</emphasis>
. Fertile gastrozooids (A–C). Tentacluzooids (D). Portions of outer lip of a shell showing gonozooids (E, F). Overview of a gonozooid (G) and detail showing its withered tentacles (H). Double-headed gonozooid (I). Young (J) and nearly liberable (K) medusa buds. Newly liberated medusa seen both laterally [with incident (L) and transmitted (M) light], and in oral view (N). Detail of the manubrium (
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E4810532D6A42466C24F89A" box="[520,541,1862,1884]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">O</collectingCountry>
). Aboral view of umbrella showing the four interradial pigmentary spots (P). Scale bars (in mm): 0.05 (
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E4810532E5342656F7FF8BD" box="[305,326,1893,1915]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="581">O</collectingCountry>
, P); 0.1 (K–N); 0.3 (H, J); 0.5 (B, C, E–G, I); 1.0 (A, D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4F10542FF5431B6A7FF968" blockId="4.[151,1436,1563,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4F10542FF5431B6F2BF9F7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1563,1585]" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Hermit crab inhabited shell colonized by hydroid (A). Shells with removed hermits to show the arrangement of the various polyps around their apertures (B, C). Group of gastrozooids (D), of which one (left) bears medusa buds. Gastrozooids with medusa buds (E, F), gonozooids (G, H). Newly-liberated (I, J), 1-day (K), 2-day (L, M), and 3-day-old (N–Q) medusae. Cnidome (R) of the gastro- (R1), gono- (R2), and tentaculozooid (R3), as well as of the medusa bud (R4). Scale bars: 10 µm (R), 300 µm (H–Q),
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(D–G),
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(A–C). Drawings by H.R.G. (B–G, I–R) and R.F. (A, H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4F10542FA543DB6FB5F8A6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1755,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">Tentaculozooids (Pl. 2D) are present in about 45% of the specimens inspected. Up to 16 of these slender structures may be scattered among each colony, though they differentiate mostly on their edges. They are very extensible (0.5–5.0 mm long) and arise from a broadened base given off from the perisarc meshwork, then taper gradually toward tips.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4F10552FA5426B6D23FEA1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1755,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,1414]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="4" pageNumber="582">
Newly liberated medusae are bell-shaped, approaching the globular, about
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high and wide (Pl. 2L, M). The mesoglea is uniformly thin. An umbilical canal is present, but it is soon lost during growth. The exumbrella displays a moderate number of scattered nematocysts, and there is sometimes a slight apical depression (Fig. 1K). The manubrium is fusiform to tubular, extending to about halfway to velar aperture, and there is no peduncle. The mouth is simple, square when open wide (Fig. 1J), provided with four perradial, short lips crowded with fusiform nematocysts (PL. 2
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E4E10552E1245BC6FBEFF12" box="[368,391,188,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">O</collectingCountry>
). There are four moderately narrow radial canals, a rather inconspicuous ring canal, and four perradial bulbs, each bearing a single filiform tentacle of equal development (Pl. 2N). Ocelli are absent and the velum is broad (Fig. 1L). No signs of gonad formation could be noted at this stage. Medusae raised for three days in natural conditions did not develop much compared to the newly-released ones. They attained about
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in height and width, and their gonads were still not formed3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FA544736AAAFDA4" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">In life, the body of gastrozooids is generally orange in color (Pl. 1G), though about 3% of the inspected colonies had polyps that exhibited various shades, ranging from dark brown to purple. However, their distal part, including an area below the origin of tentacles, these structures, and the hypostome, are always of a bright, white tinge (Pl. 1J, K). The gonozooids harbor the same colors as their feeding counterparts (Pl. 2F). The medusa buds are rendered conspicuous through the bright white coloration of the distal part of their tentacles, marginal bulbs, and the four interradial white spots on the manubrium (Pl. 2L–N, P). The tentacles of both the hydroid (Pl. 1K) and medusa exhibit a very characteristic, closely set, alternating light and dark banding pattern.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FA547726DC0FCE6" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
Nematocysts4: the categories of capsules occurring in the hydrorhiza, the various polyps and the medusa buds, together with their dimensions, are summarized in
<tableCitation id="A37DA1DF1E4E10552DB547956D15FD68" box="[727,812,661,686]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,445,468]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,528,1063]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidome of Podocoryna martinicana sp. nov. (dimensions are given in µm). The occurrence of nematocysts ranges from rare (+), to average (++), to abundant (+++)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" tableUuid="BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32">Table 1</tableCitation>
. There are 3 size classes of microbasic euryteles in the polyps (small, medium sized, and large capsules), as well as an isorhiza5. The medusa buds are provided with medium sized microbasic euryteles (comparatively wider then those of the gastrozooids), large microbasic heteronemes6 (more fusiform than the euryteles of polyps), and desmonemes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E5C7EF1E4E105A2FA5462B6DD5FE4D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FA5462B6C02FB4E" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552FA5462B6F0DFC82" bold="true" box="[199,308,811,836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Remarks</emphasis>
. One of the most striking features of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552D8B462B6A3DFC85" box="[745,1028,811,835]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552D8B462B6A3DFC85" box="[745,1028,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Podocoryna martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in its gastrozooids, whose considerable number of tentacles, arranged in multiple closely set whorls, is rather uncommon within the family
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552FF546736F78FC4A" box="[151,321,883,908]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hydractiniidae</taxonomicName>
. Only a few taxa exhibit such a feature: up to 40 tentacles were reported in both
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552BAF46736F7DFC69" authority="Alcock, 1892" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1892" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minoi">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552BAF46736BA5FC4D" box="[1229,1436,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Hydractinia minoi</emphasis>
(Alcock, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
(see Hirohito 1988) and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552D0C46976A06FC76" authority="Hincks, 1868" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1868" box="[622,1087,919,944]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552D0C46976DB0FC69" box="[622,905,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Hydractinia proboscidea</emphasis>
(Hincks, 1868)
</taxonomicName>
(see Bouillon
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552B8C46986B1AFC69" box="[1262,1315,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
., 1997, as
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552FF546BB6F4DFC15" box="[151,372,955,979]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552FF546BB6F4DFC15" box="[151,372,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Hydractinia calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B8F50D1E4E10552E1846BC6FEDFC15" box="[378,468,955,979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); up to
<quantity id="290739811E4E10552D4446BB6C67FC12" box="[550,606,955,980]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" unit="in" value="50.0">50 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552D0646BB6A0FFC15" authority="Stechow, 1907" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1907" box="[612,1078,955,980]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Schuchertinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="epiconcha">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552D0646BB6D40FC15" box="[612,889,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Schuchertinia epiconcha</emphasis>
(Stechow, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552B0946BB6EE1FC31" authority="Goto, 1910" authorityName="Goto" authorityYear="1910" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552B0946BB6B74FC15" box="[1131,1357,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Hydractinia spiralis</emphasis>
(Goto, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
(for both, see Hirohito 1988); up to
<quantity id="290739811E4E10552D1446DF6C89FC3E" box="[630,688,991,1016]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" unit="in" value="60.0">60 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552DD546DF6A07FC3E" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[695,1086,991,1016]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552DD546DF6D4AFC31" box="[695,883,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Hydrissa sodalis</emphasis>
(Stimpson, 1858)
</taxonomicName>
(see Hirohito 1988); and up to
<quantity id="290739811E4E10552FF541036EE9FBDA" box="[151,208,1027,1052]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3114" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" unit="in" value="91.0">91 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552FB441036C85FBDA" authority="Millard, 1975" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1975" box="[214,700,1027,1052]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multitentaculata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552FB441036C25FBDD" box="[214,540,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Hydractinia multitentaculata</emphasis>
Millard, 1975
</taxonomicName>
(see original description). However, the gonozooids of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552A4941046BA2FBDD" box="[1323,1435,1027,1051]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552A4941046BA2FBDD" box="[1323,1435,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bear fixed sporosacs, while those of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552D5D41276CE9FBF9" box="[575,720,1063,1087]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Schuchertinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="epiconcha">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552D5D41276CE9FBF9" box="[575,720,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">S. epiconcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552D8341286D84FBF9" box="[737,957,1063,1087]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multitentaculata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552D8341286D84FBF9" box="[737,957,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. multitentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552CAC41286A45FBF9" box="[974,1148,1063,1087]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552CAC41286A45FBF9" box="[974,1148,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. proboscidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552BDD41286B01FBF9" box="[1215,1336,1063,1087]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552BDD41286B01FBF9" box="[1215,1336,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produce medusoids. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552EC7414C6C31FBA5" box="[421,520,1100,1123]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="minoi">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552EC7414C6C31FBA5" box="[421,520,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. minoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in association with scorpaeonid fishes, and its medusa buds are devoid of mouth and its associated appendages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FA541936FD8FA40" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
Based on the list of valid species of hydractiniid hydroids compiled by Schuchert (2013), and upon a thorough search of the relevant literature, it appears that only 22 taxa7 reproduce through free-living, feeding medusae. For comparisons of both their hydroid and medusa stages, see Table 2. Since only young, sexually immature medusae were obtained for
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552E0040036C3FFADC" box="[354,518,1283,1306]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552E0040036C3FFADC" box="[354,518,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the differences to other species described exclusively from their pelagic stage are sometimes difficult to establish, mainly due to the scarcity of morphological features displayed, further confounded by the lack of data on their cnidome composition. However, the comparison is made easier when the hydroid is known and well documented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FF540C06A7CFA10" blockId="5.[151,1437,1472,2032]" box="[151,1093,1472,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">3. An attempt to rear the medusa proved unsuccessful, as a significant decay was observed after three days.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FF540DF6ECDF9E8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1472,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
4. The cnidome composition was examined in fixed material upon measurements of
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552CC140E16D8EFA35" box="[931,951,1505,1523]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">ca</emphasis>
. 30 capsules of each
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4E10552B1E40E16A9AFA32" box="[1148,1187,1505,1524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">type</typeStatus>
. The sizes given in
<tableCitation id="A37DA1DF1E4E10552A3840E16BA5FA32" box="[1370,1436,1505,1524]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,445,468]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,528,1063]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidome of Podocoryna martinicana sp. nov. (dimensions are given in µm). The occurrence of nematocysts ranges from rare (+), to average (++), to abundant (+++)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" tableUuid="BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32">Table 1</tableCitation>
correspond to undischarged capsules. Only a few discharged nematocysts were seen, and no reliable size range could be provided for them at this time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FF543376C55F910" blockId="5.[151,1437,1472,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
5. The extremely rare occurrence of isorhizas in the gastrozooids did not allow their
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4E10552CF843396D86F98A" box="[922,959,1593,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">type</typeStatus>
to be determined with certainty. Their presence in the cnidome recalls
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552E3743556C8AF9AE" authority="Hiro, 1939" authorityName="Hiro" authorityYear="1939" box="[341,691,1621,1640]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Bouillonactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carcinicola">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552E3743556C79F9AE" box="[341,576,1621,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Bouillonactinia carcinicola</emphasis>
(Hiro, 1939)
</taxonomicName>
. According to Namikawa (1997), up to 10 atrichous isorhizas could be found in each polyp of the Japanese hydroid. Spines on the shaft of the single discharged capsule observed in
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552B5343706A96F944" box="[1073,1199,1648,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">P. m art ini ca na</emphasis>
were either absent or too inconspicuous to be noted, leading us to suspect that the nematocyst might be an atrichous isorhiza. However, the shape of undischarged capsules matches better the holotrichous isorhizas illustrated by Namikawa (1997) for the planula of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552CB143A66A73F97E" box="[979,1098,1701,1720]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Bouillonactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carcinicola">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552CB143A66A73F97E" box="[979,1098,1701,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">B. carcinicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The study of additional living material of the new species is expected to solve this issue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FF543DF6F2AF8E8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1472,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
6. Capsules with similar morphology were observed by Schuchert (2008) in the oral appendages of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552B6E43E16B7DF932" authority="Haeckel, 1880" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[1036,1348,1761,1780]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552B6E43E16A8AF935" box="[1036,1203,1761,1780]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Podocoryna exigua</emphasis>
(Haeckel, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
, and were identified as microbasic euryteles. No discharged nematocyst of this
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4E10552C4E43FD6D68F8D6" box="[812,849,1789,1808]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">type</typeStatus>
could be found in our material, and their precise identification is pending.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4E10552FF542386F0DF836" blockId="5.[151,1437,1472,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">
7. Three of these, originally placed in
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552E9542396C67F88A" box="[503,606,1849,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552E9542396C67F88A" box="[503,606,1849,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Hydractinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Beneden, 1841,
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552C7042396D13F88D" box="[786,810,1849,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">viz</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552C5642396A5AF88A" authority="Huang et al., 2010" authorityName="Huang et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[820,1123,1849,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="guangxiensis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552C5642396D84F88D" box="[820,957,1849,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. guangxiensis</emphasis>
Huang
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552B6342396A1FF88A" box="[1025,1062,1849,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552B0E42396BA0F88A" authority="Huang et al., 2010" authorityName="Huang et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[1132,1433,1849,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552B0E42396ACAF88A" box="[1132,1267,1849,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. moniliformis</emphasis>
Huang
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552A5442396B65F88A" box="[1334,1372,1849,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552F8E42566FEDF8AE" authority="Lin et al., 2010" authorityName="Lin et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[236,468,1877,1896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552F8E42566F7FF8AE" box="[236,326,1877,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. spiralis</emphasis>
Lin
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552E1242566FAFF8AE" box="[368,406,1877,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</taxonomicName>
, are excluded from the following discussion, on account of several peculiar morphological features that contrast with the present concept of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552ED4426F6C99F845" authority="M. Sars, 1846" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1846" box="[438,672,1903,1923]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552ED4426F6C27F844" box="[438,542,1903,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Podocoryna</emphasis>
M. Sars, 1846
</taxonomicName>
, as well as on the absence of data on their hydroid stages. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552BAD42706B60F844" box="[1231,1369,1904,1922]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="guangxiensis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552BAD42706B60F844" box="[1231,1369,1904,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">H. guangxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the tentacle tips crowded with 14–28 large nematocysts of unreported
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4E10552C66428B6D10F858" box="[772,809,1931,1950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">type</typeStatus>
(Li
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552C2C428B6D4DF85B" box="[846,884,1930,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
. 2010). The second and third species have moniliform (Li
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552A13428B6BAFF85B" box="[1393,1430,1930,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
. 2010) and spirally twisted (Lin
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552EBB42A66C39F87E" box="[473,512,1957,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">et al</emphasis>
. 2010) tentacles, respectively, thus differing from the strictly filiform condition displayed by all species of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552FA542BF6F16F814" box="[199,303,1983,2002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552FA542BF6F16F814" box="[199,303,1983,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Podocoryna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
medusae described so far. In addition, the occurrence of all three nominal species in the
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E4E10552B3042C06AA8F815" box="[1106,1169,1984,2003]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
Strait, set them apart from
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4E10552AEE42C06F16F836" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="583" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4E10552AEE42C06F16F836" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="583">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562FA545976F68FE48" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
Unlike
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562E7B45996C24FF76" authority="Mayer, 1900" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[281,541,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562E7B45996F4DFF76" box="[281,372,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. dubia</emphasis>
(Mayer, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562D4A45996DF8FF76" authority="Agassiz &amp; Mayer, 1902" authorityName="Agassiz &amp; Mayer" authorityYear="1902" box="[552,961,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562D4A45996CA4FF76" box="[552,669,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. ocellata</emphasis>
(Agassiz &amp; Mayer, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562CAE45996B77FF76" authority="Stampar et al., 2006" authorityName="Stampar et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[972,1358,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="uniformis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562CAE45996A6AFF76" box="[972,1107,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. uniformis</emphasis>
(Stampar
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562BA745996ACFFF76" box="[1221,1270,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">et al</emphasis>
., 2006)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562AE545996F3FFF12" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vacuolata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562AE545996F3FFF12" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. vacuolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Xu &amp; Huang, 2006), the medusae of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562DA745BD6D55FF12" box="[709,876,189,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562DA745BD6D55FF12" box="[709,876,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are devoid of ocelli. When set free, they always bear four well developed marginal tentacles, in contrast to the following species, in which their number is increased:
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562E7744086C5CFED9" authority="Mayer, 1910" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1910" box="[277,613,263,287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562E7744086F97FED9" box="[277,430,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. americana</emphasis>
(Mayer, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562D1444086D2DFED9" box="[630,788,263,287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anechinata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562D1444086D2DFED9" box="[630,788,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. anechinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
8 Ritchie, 1907,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562CB844086B3FFED9" authority="Alder, 1862" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1862" box="[986,1286,262,287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="areolata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562CB844086A63FED9" box="[986,1114,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. areolata</emphasis>
(Alder, 1862)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562A7A44086F76FE85" authority="Schuchert, 1996" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1996" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562A7A44086BA5FED9" box="[1304,1436,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. australis</emphasis>
Schuchert, 1996
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562E38442B6F90FE84" box="[346,425,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. b e l l a</emphasis>
Hand, 1961,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562D20442B6D58FE85" authority="Mayer, 1900" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[578,865,299,323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562D20442B6C81FE85" box="[578,696,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. borealis</emphasis>
(Mayer, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562C0E442B6A40FE85" authority="M. Sars, 1848" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1848" box="[876,1145,299,323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carnea">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562C0E442B6DEDFE84" box="[876,980,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. carnea</emphasis>
M. Sars, 1848
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562BE6442B6EEBFEAC" authority="Hirohito, 1988" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1988" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hayamaensis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562BE6442B6B09FE85" box="[1156,1328,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. hayamaensis</emphasis>
Hirohito, 1988
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562E6F44526C1CFEAC" authority="Browne, 1902" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1902" box="[269,549,338,362]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562E6F44526F55FEAF" box="[269,364,338,361]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. tenuis</emphasis>
(Browne, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
9. In addition, a number of differences in their hydroid stage (when known) are listed in Table 2.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32" ID-Table-UUID="BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA80C4EC1E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" targetBox="[159,1418,528,1063]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562FF544BD6CC1FE32" blockId="6.[151,1436,444,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562FF544BD6F3BFE12" bold="true" box="[151,258,445,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Cnidome of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562EF544BC6C9AFE12" box="[407,675,444,468]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562EF544BC6C9AFE12" box="[407,675,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Podocoryna martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B8F50D1E4D10562DCB44BD6CC6FE12" box="[681,767,445,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562DCB44BD6CC6FE12" bold="true" box="[681,767,445,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(dimensions are given in µm). The occurrence of nematocysts ranges from rare (+), to average (++), to abundant (+++).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562E2C47106B7AFBCF" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<table id="9CFF66C41E4DEFAF2FFD47106BB3FBE1" box="[159,1418,528,1063]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<tr id="50CF96261E4DEFAF2FFD47106BB3FDA5" box="[159,1418,528,611]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E2C47106FD0FDA5" box="[334,489,528,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Small microbasic euryteles</th>
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E9C47106CA4FDA5" box="[510,669,528,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Medium sized microbasic euryteles</th>
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2DCF47106D43FDA5" box="[685,890,528,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Large microbasic euryteles</th>
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2CFE47106A68FDA5" box="[924,1105,528,611]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Isorhizas</th>
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2B0047106AD2FDA5" box="[1122,1259,528,611]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Fusiform microbasic heteronemes</th>
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2A6047106BB3FDA5" box="[1282,1418,528,611]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Desmonemes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF96261E4DEFAF2FFD47766BB3FD2F" box="[159,1418,630,745]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2FFD47766F02FD2F" box="[159,315,630,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Gastrozooid</th>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E2C47766FD0FD2F" box="[334,489,630,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(7.4–8.7) × (2.7–3.6) [+++, tentacles, hypostome]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E9C47766CA4FD2F" box="[510,669,630,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2DCF47766D43FD2F" box="[685,890,630,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(11.7–12.9) × (4.1– 4.5) [+++, tentacles, hypostome]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2CFE47766A68FD2F" box="[924,1105,630,745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(5.3–5.5) × (2.6– 2.9) [+, column]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2B0047766AD2FD2F" box="[1122,1259,630,745]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2A6047766BB3FD2F" box="[1282,1418,630,745]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF96261E4DEFAF2FFD47FC6BB3FC89" box="[159,1418,764,847]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2FFD47FC6F02FC89" box="[159,315,764,847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Gonozooid</th>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E2C47FC6FD0FC89" box="[334,489,764,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E9C47FC6CA4FC89" box="[510,669,764,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2DCF47FC6D43FC89" box="[685,890,764,847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(11.0–12.2) × (3.7– 4.4) [+++, tentacles, column]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2CFE47FC6A68FC89" box="[924,1105,764,847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(5.3–5.7) × (2.7– 3.0) [++, column]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2B0047FC6AD2FC89" box="[1122,1259,764,847]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2A6047FC6BB3FC89" box="[1282,1418,764,847]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF96261E4DEFAF2FFD46636BB3FC51" box="[159,1418,867,919]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2FFD46636F02FC51" box="[159,315,867,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Tentaculozooid</th>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E2C46636FD0FC51" box="[334,489,867,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E9C46636CA4FC51" box="[510,669,867,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(9.4–10.3) × (3.6–3.9) [+++]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2DCF46636D43FC51" box="[685,890,867,919]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(11.7–12.9) × (4.5– 4.8) [+++]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2CFE46636A68FC51" box="[924,1105,867,919]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(5.3–5.7) × (2.6– 2.9) [+++]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2B0046636AD2FC51" box="[1122,1259,867,919]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2A6046636BB3FC51" box="[1282,1418,867,919]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF96261E4DEFAF2FFD46AB6BB3FC19" box="[159,1418,939,991]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2FFD46AB6F02FC19" box="[159,315,939,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Gonophore</th>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E2C46AB6FD0FC19" box="[334,489,939,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E9C46AB6CA4FC19" box="[510,669,939,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(8.3–9.0) × (3.9–4.5)</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2DCF46AB6D43FC19" box="[685,890,939,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2CFE46AB6A68FC19" box="[924,1105,939,991]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2B0046AB6AD2FC19" box="[1122,1259,939,991]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(11.5–13.1) × (2.9–3.2)</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2A6046AB6BB3FC19" box="[1282,1418,939,991]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(6.5–6.9) × (4.1–4.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF96261E4DEFAF2FFD46F36BB3FBE1" box="[159,1418,1011,1063]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<th id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2FFD46F36F02FBE1" box="[159,315,1011,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Stolon</th>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E2C46F36FD0FBE1" box="[334,489,1011,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2E9C46F36CA4FBE1" box="[510,669,1011,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2DCF46F36D43FBE1" box="[685,890,1011,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">(11.3–13.3) × (4.0– 4.8) [+++]</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2CFE46F36A68FBE1" box="[924,1105,1011,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2B0046F36AD2FBE1" box="[1122,1259,1011,1063]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
<td id="131EFF5A1E4DEFAF2A6046F36BB3FBE1" box="[1282,1418,1011,1063]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">absent</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562FA5416C6D02FA29" blockId="6.[151,1436,1132,1664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
Three species, namely
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562EBB416D6C75FB42" box="[473,588,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. a p i c a t a</emphasis>
Kramp, 1959b,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562C7A416D6DE7FB42" box="[792,990,1132,1156]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dongshanensis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562C7A416D6DE7FB42" box="[792,990,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. dongshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Xu &amp; Huang, 2006), and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562A52416D6F76FB6D" authority="Haeckel, 1880" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562A52416D6BA5FB42" box="[1328,1436,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. exigua</emphasis>
(Haeckel, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
, possess medusae that are liberated and retain, during their whole life, only four tentacles10. The former, whose hydroid stage is unknown, is characterized by the presence of a distinct gastric peduncle and of a mouth provided with four simple arms. No such structures were observed in our 3-day old medusae of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562AE541DC6F19FAD1" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562AE541DC6F19FAD1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though they may possibly develop subsequently. However, the remote geographical distribution of Kramp's species suggests that it is most probably distinct from ours. The hydroid of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562B0040246B1CFAFD" box="[1122,1317,1315,1339]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dongshanensis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562B0040246B1CFAFD" box="[1122,1317,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. dongshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is equally unknown to allow establishing a comparison with that of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562C7640486D81FA99" box="[788,952,1352,1375]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562C7640486D81FA99" box="[788,952,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though the occurrence of its medusa in the
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E4D10562FF5406B6ED0FA42" box="[151,233,1387,1412]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
Strait, together with the presence of a black pigment in its tentacle bulbs, set it apart from the Caribbean species. Finally, the colonies of the European
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562DCB40906D36FA61" box="[681,783,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. e x i g u a</emphasis>
may occasionally form spines and spiral zooids (neither observed in our species), its gastrozooids are provided with only 10–13 tentacles, and the cnidome of the polyp includes desmonemes instead of isorhizas (Schuchert 2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562FA540FB6DF0F946" blockId="6.[151,1436,1132,1664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562FA540FB6C75F9D5" authority="Thiel, 1938" authorityName="Thiel" authorityYear="1938" box="[199,588,1531,1556]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="meteoris">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562FA540FB6F83F9D5" box="[199,442,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Podocoryna meteoris</emphasis>
Thiel, 1938
</taxonomicName>
, described from a single medusa caught in
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E4D10562B2B40FB6AE8F9D2" box="[1097,1233,1531,1556]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
, is provided with eight marginal tentacles, its manubrium buds off young medusae, and ends in twelve oral arms. No medusa budding was ever noted in the rather young medusae of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562C6D43446D8DF99D" box="[783,948,1604,1627]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562C6D43446D8DF99D" box="[783,948,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the differences related to the marginal tentacles and the number and
<typeStatus id="31442AC61E4D10562E8643686C2DF946" box="[484,532,1640,1664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">type</typeStatus>
of oral appendages may be diagnostic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562FF543D76FF6F886" blockId="6.[151,1436,1751,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
8. The tentacle number was not clearly stated by Ritchie (1907). On one hand, he explained that &quot;During the earlier stages the tentacles appear as four blunt knobs, but these develop considerably ere the medusoid is set free&quot;. On the other hand, six tentacles are visible in his Pl. 23 Fig. 9. Rees &amp; Thursfield (1965) hypothesized that Ritchie's material might belong to
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562C03420F6AA1F8E5" authority="M. Sars, 1848" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1848" box="[865,1176,1807,1827]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carnea">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562C03420F6A34F8E4" box="[865,1037,1807,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">Podocoryna carnea</emphasis>
M. Sars, 1848
</taxonomicName>
, though they were unable to demonstrate it unambiguously.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562FF542496F21F875" blockId="6.[151,1436,1751,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">9. Several Chilean specimens described earlier by one of us (Galea 2007) were reexamined for this study. Their tentacle number varies between 4 and 8, and all bear medusa buds on their manubria. Although quite difficult to observe in fixed material, the more developed medusa buds appear provided with 5–8 tentacles. Consequently, we assume that the newly liberated medusae produced either sexually or asexually must bear 4–8 tentacles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E4D10562FF542BC6D7AF836" blockId="6.[151,1436,1751,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">
10. This situation is not excluded from occurring in
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E4D10562D0142BF6CD9F817" box="[611,736,1983,2001]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E4D10562D0142BF6CD9F817" box="[611,736,1983,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="584">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, taking into account that its tentacles are already well developed at liberation, and no signs of additional, interradial marginal bulbs and tentacles are present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA545986C97FED9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">
In addition, mainly due to geographical reasons,
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2D8945996DB6FF69" box="[747,911,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2D8945996DB6FF69" box="[747,911,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most probably assumed to be different from
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2FF545C06F5FFF11" box="[151,358,191,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polytentaculata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2FF545C06F5FFF11" box="[151,358,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">P. polytentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Xu &amp; Huang, 2006), and
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2DDB45C06A1CFF11" authority="Lin et al., 2010" authorityName="Lin et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[697,1061,190,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="recurvata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2DDB45C06D7EFF11" box="[697,839,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">P. recurvata</emphasis>
(Lin
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2CF345C06DFEFF11" box="[913,967,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
., 2010)
</taxonomicName>
11, both from the
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E41105A2B9845BE6B75FF11" box="[1274,1356,190,215]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
Strait. Furthermore, the former species has the endoderm of the marginal bulbs crowded with a dark pigment, while the tentacle tips of the latter are reportedly swollen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA5442B6DD5FE4D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">Last but not least, the conspicuous bright pigmentation of the tentacles and hypostome of polyps, and that of the distal half of marginal tentacles of the medusa, together with the four white, interradial, manubrial spots, were never reported, to our knowledge, in any other hydractiniid described so far.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E5C7EF1E41105B2FA544966A57FE6B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA544966D93FDDD" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2FA544966F26FE69" bold="true" box="[199,287,406,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">Biology</emphasis>
. Colonies of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2EDD44986C5EFE69" box="[447,615,408,431]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2EDD44986C5EFE69" box="[447,615,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were exclusively found on gastropod shells inhabited by
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2A6A44976CE2FE15" authority="A. Milne-Edwards &amp; Bouvier, 1893" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards &amp; Bouvier" authorityYear="1893" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Iridopagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribbensis">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2A6A44976F21FE15" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">Iridopagurus caribbensis</emphasis>
(A. Milne-Edwards &amp; Bouvier, 1893)
</taxonomicName>
. Examination of more than 100 shells gathered at 7 distinct stations (some up to
<quantity id="290739811E41105A2EE344DF6FF0FE31" box="[385,457,478,503]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
distant), showed that about 5% of them were not colonized by the hydroid, being very small (apertures less than
<quantity id="290739811E41105A2ED847026C29FDDC" box="[442,528,514,539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
high) and inhabited by young crabs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA547266A87FC45" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">
Unlike other hydractiniid species, in which the colonies recover most of the host shell surface and have the various polyps scattered more or less homogenously throughout, the organizational pattern of both gastro- and gonozooids of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2E2B47706FCDFD41" box="[329,500,624,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2E2B47706FCDFD41" box="[329,500,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique and invariant amongst specimens, regardless the origin of the shell inhabited by the hermit. Thus, a few gastrozooids are lined up along the inner lip of the shell. Their size is in accordance with their position along the lip: the centrally placed polyps are the tallest, while those placed laterally are gradually smaller (Pl. 1F, G, Pl. 2A). In contrast, all gonozooids exhibit a uniform height, and they dress a line nearly exclusively on the outer lip of the shell (Pl. 1G, H, L, Fig. 1B). Due to the numerous gonophores they carry, they are most often bent alternately forward and backward, thus optimizing the availability of space between them. In addition, it is likely that the specific occurrence of the gonozooids on the outer lip of the shell prevents potential damage of the fragile medusa buds when the crab burrows in sand (see also below and Pl. 1A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA546906B2DFAC9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">New hydroid colonies develop first on the inner lips of recently acquired shells, regardless their shape and size. They are composed of a few gastrozooids, of which those placed more laterally may occasionally develop medusa buds (Pl. 2A, Fig. 1D). These fertile zooids are provided with fewer, almost normally developed tentacles (Pl. 2B, C), and represent an intermediate stage between the truly feeding polyps and their generative counterparts. During the growth of the hydroid colony, the stolonal web progresses from a periderm-covered, more or less reticulate hydrorhiza, to a nearly fully coalescent plate investing the inner lip of the host shell (Pl. 1F, Fig. 1B). In only a few instances, the ectoderm at the base of polyps was observed to grow, to a varied extent, over the net of stolons, producing a sheet of naked coenosarc. Otherwise, the perisarc is practically never overlaid with coenosarc. On the other hand, the basal stolonal network extends towards the edge of the outer lip, forming a mat-like expansion beyond the shell aperture, the stolons there being mostly parallel and adnate. Consequently, the aperture of the shell may be increased, up to a couple of millimeters, providing a broader surface area to protect the hermit.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA5401B6D73F9F4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E41105A2FA5401B6EDFFAF5" box="[199,230,1307,1331]" name="American Samoa" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">As</collectingCountry>
to the characteristic position of the gastrozooids in the closest vicinity of the buccal apparatus of the crab (Pl. 1D, Fig. 1A), preliminary observations suggest that it might potentially reflect a two-way relationship. On one hand, the crab lays pieces of food12 on the polyp's hypostome, allowing it to take and ingest them. On the other hand, the crab gently &quot;squeezes&quot; the hydroid body, pushing it to regurgitate the digested food that, in turn, is ingested at once by the crab. It therefore appears that, at least in some circumstances, the hydroid serves as a food storage device for the hermit crab. In addition, there is evidence that the gastrozooids are possibly not capable of catching food by themselves. Indeed, hydroid colonies deprived of their pagurid host and cooped up in perforated jars, totally disappeared after three days in natural conditions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA5433D6DBCF8E8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">
Compared to other congeners (see Table 2), the absence of desmonemes from the cnidome of gastrozooids of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2FF543626F05F9BF" box="[151,316,1634,1657]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2FF543626F05F9BF" box="[151,316,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is striking. Indeed, these nematocysts were shown to play an important role in the adhesion to, and the entanglement of prey (Östman
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2D5343866C5CF95B" box="[561,613,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
. 1991). In our case, their absence could be correlated with the nearly permanent contact between the gastrozooids and the hermit, thus possibly preventing their tentacles from adhering to the host. On the other hand, the numerous euryteles from the tentacles seem to not have any deleterious effect on the crab, in contrast with those species of hermits that avoid acquiring shells invested by hydroid colonies due to their apparent sensitiveness to the sting (Brooks &amp; Mariscal 1985).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FA5423A6B21F864" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1874]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,1934,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">
Upon stressful situations for the crab (
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2DE7423A6C97F897" box="[645,686,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">e.g.</emphasis>
voluntary mechanical perturbation), it characteristically leaps up 11.
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2FA5428E6F16F867" box="[199,303,1934,1953]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2FA5428E6F16F867" box="[199,303,1934,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">Podocoryna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a feminine noun, and the original specific epithet
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2D8D428F6D70F867" box="[751,841,1935,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">recurvatus</emphasis>
should be replaced by the correctly spelled
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E41105A2BA3428F6B2AF867" box="[1217,1299,1935,1953]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="588" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="recurvata">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E41105A2BA3428F6B2AF867" box="[1217,1299,1935,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">recurvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E41105A2FF542A96A9BF834" blockId="10.[151,1436,1934,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="588">12. Since the crabs exhibit very often a quarrelsome behavior, especially when several specimens occur together (as it usually happened during the sampling), pieces of chelipeds and legs are often procured from their defeated congeners, and offered to the hydroid. Large pieces of ingested food may be seen through the body of gastrozooids (Pl. 1H), and are clearly revealed upon dissection of the polyps.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE4094641E40105B2FF545976A57FE6B" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="589">
backwards, making considerable jumps, up to 10 times its size. Upon a prolonged stress, it adopts two choices: it either draws into its shell, the gastrozooids forming a gate obstructing the shell aperture, or it buries in sand, leaving only its eyes, antennae, and the gonozooids protruding at surface. There is no actual evidence for an active role for the gastrozooids of
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E40105B2EBA44056C46FEDA" box="[472,639,261,284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="589" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E40105B2EBA44056C46FEDA" box="[472,639,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="589">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the defense of its host crab from potential predators. Within some symbioses, however, hydroids have been shown to either protect their host by deterring predators of hermits, or by deterring other crab species from using the same shells in order to minimize interspecific shell competition (summarized by Damiani 2003). Additional observations are therefore needed in order to document in a more comprehensive manner the nature of the symbiosis between
<taxonomicName id="29FFEFE71E40105B2C5944956DD9FE6A" box="[827,992,405,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Podocoryna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="589" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martinicana">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E40105B2C5944956DD9FE6A" box="[827,992,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="589">P. martinicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E5C7EF1E40105B2FA544B76F63FE33" pageId="11" pageNumber="589" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="EE4094641E40105B2FA544B76F63FE33" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="589">
<emphasis id="DC8B48761E40105B2FA544B76F7FFE16" bold="true" box="[199,326,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="589">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name refers to
<collectingCountry id="96E8D4F41E40105B2DF444B76D2CFE16" box="[662,789,439,464]" name="Martinique" pageId="11" pageNumber="589">Martinique</collectingCountry>
, the Caribbean island from which the material described herein originates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="59" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="59">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authority="LeConte, 1863 *" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenus (Stenus) comma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="comma" subGenus="Stenus" subSpecies="comma">Stenus (Stenus) comma comma LeConte, 1863*</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="59">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="28" pageNumber="59">
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Little Tobique River near Red Brook,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.4465">47.4465°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.0689">67.0689°W</geoCoordinate>
, 13.VI.2006, R.P. Webster // River margin, under debris on clay sand/mix (3 sex undetermined, RWC); Jacquet River Gorge
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="60" start="start">P</pageBreakToken>
.N.A.,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.8257">47.8257°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.078">66.0780°W</geoCoordinate>
, 24.V.2010 R. P. Webster // margin of Jacquet River, clay bank on bare clay (3 sex undetermined, NBM; 1 sex undetermined, RWC); Sport Camp Brook,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.9582">47.9582°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-68.0183">68.0183°W</geoCoordinate>
, 30.VII.2012, R.P. Webster &amp; M. Turgeon // Logging road through spruce &amp; cedar forest, on mud/clay of dried puddle on roadside (1 sex undetermined RWC). York Co., Keswick River at Rt. 105,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9943">45.9943°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.8337">66.8337°W</geoCoordinate>
, 18.VI.2004, R.P. Webster // River margin, splashing on clay/sand mix on steep bank (5 sex undetermined, RWC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="60" type="distribution in canada and alaska">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="60">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="60">
AK, YK, NT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB (
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="Sofia-Moscow" pageId="39" pageNumber="70" title="Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska" year="2013">Bousquet et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="60" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="60">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="60">
Most adults of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenus comma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="comma" subSpecies="comma">Stenus comma comma</taxonomicName>
were found along river margins on (often steep) clay banks, on bare clay, under debris on clay/sand mix, and by splashing clay/sand mix on a steep bank. One individual was found on mud/clay in a dried puddle on a logging road. Specimens were collected during May, June, and July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="37F90E7D2490ED6B08F0F09280AC0EDD">Remarks on Macrobiotus furciger Murray, 1906 and description of three new species of the furciger group (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="EE40368D9663FF9AFEEFAE671F24FA26" blockId="1.[264,797,1388,1414]" box="[264,797,1388,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="B50881E19663FF9AFEEFAE671F24FA26" bold="true" box="[264,797,1388,1414]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9663FF9AFEEFAE671F24FA26" bold="true" box="[264,797,1388,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9663FF9AFEEFAE671E85FA26" ID-CoL="3X2SF" authority="Murray, 1906" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1906" box="[264,700,1388,1414]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9663FF9AFEEFAE671E30FA26" bold="true" box="[264,521,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Macrobiotus furciger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9663FF9AFDF5AE671E85FA26" author="Murray" box="[530,700,1388,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Murray, J. (1906) Scottish national Antarctic expedition: Tardigrada of the South Orkneys. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45, Part 2 (12), 323 - 334." type="journal article" year="1906">Murray, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="76C42A089663FF9AFD2BAE671F2AFA26" box="[716,787,1388,1414]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,473,1548]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[267,1320,468,1558]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Macrobiotus furciger Murray, 1906: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus where the shape of the stylet sheaths is focused; C, claws of the hind legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273290/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E565069663FF9EFEEFAEBC1899FE26" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9663FF9AFEEFAEBC1D5AFA59" blockId="1.[264,1323,1463,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
Material examined.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9663FF9AFE19AEBC1E89FA71" box="[510,688,1463,1489]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
, Grytviken:
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049663FF9AFCABAEBC1FD7FA71" box="[844,1006,1463,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049663FF9AFBD5AEBC18BAFA71" box="[1074,1155,1463,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="egg">4 eggs</specimenCount>
from a moss sample.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9663FF9AFEDFAD0C1DB3F9E9" blockId="1.[264,1323,1463,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Unfortunately the quality of some photos is not optimal due to the quality of the specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9663FF9AFEDFAD5C1EA4F961" blockId="1.[264,1323,1463,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
Specimens and eggs found by Dastych in
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9663FF9AFCD3AD5C1FD9F9D1" box="[820,992,1623,1649]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
perfectly coincide with the description of
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9663FF9AFE5CAD741E70F938" box="[443,585,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9663FF9AFE5CAD741E7CF938" box="[443,581,1663,1688]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">M. furciger</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
We think it opportune to add some notes to make a more detailed description of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9663FF99FEDFADC41EC8FE0E" blockId="1.[264,1323,1463,1889]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1322,284,430]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
Description. Cuticle smooth, colourless, eyes present; buccopharyngeal apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9663FF9AFEEFADFC1DA4F8B0" box="[264,413,1783,1808]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9663FF9AFEEFADFC1DA4F8B0" box="[264,413,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Macrobiotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9663FF9AFE41ADFC1DE1F8B1" box="[422,472,1783,1809]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
(
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A, B); mouth terminal with ten peribuccal lamellae, an anterior band of small teeth, a posterior ring of triangular teeth, three dorsal and three ventral transverse ridges. Also some supplementary teeth may be present. Stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube at 76.2–77.1% of its length (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9660FF99FC93AA171FB2FE95" box="[884,907,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">pt</emphasis>
= 76.2–77.1). Other notes about dimensional characters are indicated in
<tableCitation id="A37D03369660FF99FD0EAA4F1F7CFEFE" box="[745,837,324,350]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Pharyngeal bulb with apophyses, three rod­shaped macroplacoids without narrowings, microplacoid present. Third macroplacoid clearly longer than the first two (
<tableCitation id="A37D03369660FF99FD6FAA9F1ED9FE0E" box="[648,736,404,430]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BA8066059660FF99FEEFAD131F23F9D5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273290/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[267,1319,473,1548]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9660FF99FEEFAD131F23F9D5" blockId="2.[264,1323,1560,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9660FF99FEEFAD131DAFF990" bold="true" box="[264,406,1560,1584]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9660FF99FE51AD121F55F990" authority="Murray, 1906" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1906" box="[438,876,1561,1584]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9660FF99FE51AD121E92F990" box="[438,683,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Macrobiotus furciger</emphasis>
Murray, 1906
</taxonomicName>
: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus where the shape of the stylet sheaths is focused; C, claws of the hind legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9660FF99FEDFADA21E0EF8B3" blockId="2.[264,1323,1705,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Claws of the
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9660FF99FE33ADA21E7AF962" box="[468,579,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">hufelandi</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9660FF99FDACADA21E44F963" box="[587,637,1705,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
well developed and with very developed accessory points on main branches (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089660FF99FE01ADDA1E12F94B" box="[486,555,1745,1771]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,473,1548]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[267,1320,468,1558]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Macrobiotus furciger Murray, 1906: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus where the shape of the stylet sheaths is focused; C, claws of the hind legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273290/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Lunules present, smooth on the first three pairs of legs, finely indented on the hind legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9660FF98FEDFAC2A1EAEFDEE" blockId="2.[264,1323,1705,1891]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1324,284,590]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Eggs laid freely, spherical, diameter
<quantity id="29079B689660FF99FD00AC2A1FA0F89B" box="[743,921,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.605" metricValueMax="10.04" metricValueMin="9.17" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="96.05" valueMax="100.4" valueMin="91.7">91.7–100.4 m</quantity>
excluding the processes,
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processes included. Distal portion of the processes (
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the circumference) twice or thrice divided; the terminal branches appear as short terminal points (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089661FF98FBB2AA1718A3FE96" box="[1109,1178,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,473,1548]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[267,1320,468,1558]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Macrobiotus furciger Murray, 1906: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus where the shape of the stylet sheaths is focused; C, claws of the hind legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D, E). Each subdivision may be dichotomic or multiple,
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FCC5AA4F1F74FEFD" box="[802,845,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">i.e.,</emphasis>
two or more branches may be formed. Process surface has some small refracting areas (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089661FF98FCA0AA671FB4FE26" box="[839,909,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,473,1548]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[267,1320,468,1558]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Macrobiotus furciger Murray, 1906: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus where the shape of the stylet sheaths is focused; C, claws of the hind legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D, E), some larger refracting areas are in the distal portion and in the branches (this character has been noted by
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9661FF98FB29AA9F1D7EFE76" author="Murray" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Murray, J. (1906) Scottish national Antarctic expedition: Tardigrada of the South Orkneys. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45, Part 2 (12), 323 - 334." type="journal article" year="1906">Murray, 1906</bibRefCitation>
). In the largest measured egg the processes are
<quantity id="29079B689661FF98FC91AAB71FD4FE76" box="[886,1005,444,470]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 m</quantity>
high; the basal diameter is variable from
<quantity id="29079B689661FF98FE49AAEF1E6FFE5E" box="[430,598,484,510]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="12.75" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="11.0">11 to 14.5 m</quantity>
. The base of each process has many short digitations forming a ring of dots; the egg shell has many small refracting points and therefore it has a reticular sculpture with very small meshes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" ID-Table-UUID="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" blockId="3.[264,1322,643,706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEFA9881D44FD3B" bold="true" box="[264,381,643,667]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEFA9A01E53FD62" box="[264,618,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FEEFA9A01DD2FD62" box="[264,491,683,706]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">Macrobiotus furciger</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FE12A9A01E53FD62" box="[501,618,683,706]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">M. aradasi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49661FF98FD96A9A01EFFFD62" box="[625,710,683,706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FD37A9A01F62FD62" box="[720,859,683,706]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FD37A9A01F62FD62" box="[720,859,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">M. divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49661FF98FC86A9A01F8DFD62" box="[865,948,683,706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FC00A9A01869FD62" box="[999,1104,683,706]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FC00A9A01869FD62" box="[999,1104,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">M. sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49661FF98FBB1A9A01890FD62" box="[1110,1193,683,706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9661FF98FDC6A9E21937FD5E" blockId="3.[545,1294,745,793]" box="[545,1294,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FDC6A9E21F26FD5E" box="[545,799,745,766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FDC6A9E21E54FD5E" box="[545,621,745,766]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">furciger</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FD31A9E21F26FD5E" box="[726,799,745,766]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">aradasi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FCCCA9E21F4EFD5E" bold="true" box="[811,887,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49661FF98FCCCA9E21F4EFD5E" box="[811,887,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FC43A9E21839FD5E" box="[932,1024,745,766]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FC43A9E21839FD5E" box="[932,1024,745,766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FBE3A9E21876FD5E" bold="true" box="[1028,1103,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49661FF98FBE3A9E21876FD5E" box="[1028,1103,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9661FF98FB9AA9E21885FD5E" box="[1149,1212,745,766]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FB9AA9E21885FD5E" box="[1149,1212,745,766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FB26A9E21937FD5E" bold="true" box="[1217,1294,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49661FF98FB26A9E21937FD5E" box="[1217,1294,745,766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9661FF9FFDC8A80F18D2FE5E" blockId="3.[545,1294,745,793]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
n = 2 n = 3 n =7 n = 3 Remarks.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFE53AA171DECFE96" box="[436,469,284,310]" name="American Samoa" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">As</collectingCountry>
above mentioned, we compared material from different geographical areas.
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFEBDAA4F1E2FFEFE" author="Dastych" box="[346,534,324,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Dastych, H. (1984) The Tardigrada from Antarctic with description of several new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 27 (19), 377 - 436." type="journal article" year="1984">Dastych (1984)</bibRefCitation>
studied specimens (and eggs) from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFC0CAA4F18A5FEFE" box="[1003,1180,324,350]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
and South
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFEEFAA671DE9FE26" box="[264,464,364,390]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, described some differences concerning both animals and eggs but he attributed all specimens and eggs to
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFD54AA9F1F04FE0D" box="[691,829,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFD54AA9F1F00FE0D" box="[691,825,404,429]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">M. furciger</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In our opinion the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFB01AA9F1D5FFE76" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
belong to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFE0AAAB71ED1FE75" box="[493,744,444,469]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFE0AAAB71ED1FE75" box="[493,744,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Macrobiotus furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the specimens from King George
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFB04AAB71912FE76" box="[1251,1323,444,470]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Island</collectingCountry>
belong to a different species later described and named
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFC74AAEF18B3FE5D" box="[915,1162,484,509]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFC74AAEF18B3FE5D" box="[915,1162,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Macrobiotus aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49666FF9FFB77AAEF18D2FE5E" box="[1168,1259,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9661FF98FEEAA82518DCF8E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<table id="9CFFC42D96610064FEEFA8251937F8C8" box="[264,1294,814,1896]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFA8251937FCE3" box="[264,1294,814,835]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFA8251DFAFCE3" box="[264,451,814,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Body length</th>
<th id="131E5DB396610064FDF0A8251E4EFCE3" box="[535,631,814,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">419–450</th>
<th id="131E5DB396610064FD11A8251F6EFCE3" box="[758,855,814,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">378–490</th>
<th id="131E5DB396610064FC2CA8251815FCE3" box="[971,1068,814,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">180*–360</th>
<th id="131E5DB396610064FB72A8251937FCE3" box="[1173,1294,814,835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">230–329</th>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFA8521937FC38" box="[264,1294,857,920]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFA8521DFAFC38" box="[264,451,857,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Buccal tube length Buccal tube width</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0A8521E4EFC38" box="[535,631,857,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">44.9–48.9 6.1–6.2</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11A8521F6EFC38" box="[758,855,857,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">38.4–47.5 4.5–5.6</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CA8521815FC38" box="[971,1068,857,920]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">22.9–43.8 2.8–6.8</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72A8521937FC38" box="[1173,1294,857,920]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">31.7–45.4 5.2–8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFA8A51937FBE2" box="[264,1294,942,1090]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFA8A51DFAFBE2" box="[264,451,942,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAA8A51D19FC4E" box="[269,288,942,1006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt pt</emphasis>
stylet supports Placoid row length
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAF261D19FBE2" box="[269,288,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0A8A51E4EFBE2" box="[535,631,942,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">13.6–12.7 76.2–77.1 23.8–26.4 53.0–54.0</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11A8A51F6EFBE2" box="[758,855,942,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">11.7–11.8 72.0–72.8 18.2–24.8 47.4–52.2</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CA8A51815FBE2" box="[971,1068,942,1090]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">12.2–15.5 76.2–75.5 10.4–22.6 45.4–51.6</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72A8A51937FBE2" box="[1173,1294,942,1090]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">16.4–18.3 79.3–80.0 17.2–27.7 54.2–61.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFAF531937FAB7" box="[264,1294,1112,1303]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFAF531DFAFAB7" box="[264,451,1112,1303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
Macroplacoid row
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAF881D19FB38" box="[269,288,1155,1176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
1° macroplacoid
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAFD31D19FB4D" box="[269,288,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
2° macroplacoid
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0AF531E4EFAB7" box="[535,631,1112,1303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">21.5–? 47.9–? 6.9–? 15.4–? 5.8–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11AF531F6EFAB7" box="[758,855,1112,1303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">15.2–20.4 39.5–42.9 5.0–6.2 13.0–13.1 4.8–5.7</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CAF531815FAB7" box="[971,1068,1112,1303]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">9.1–20.0 39.7–45.7 2.9–6.4 12.7–14.6 2.7–5.1</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72AF531937FAB7" box="[1173,1294,1112,1303]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">13.8–21.8 43.5–48.0 4.5–7.4 14.2–16.3 3.9–6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFAE261937FACC" box="[264,1294,1325,1388]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFAE261DFAFACC" box="[264,451,1325,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAE261D19FAE2" box="[269,288,1325,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
3° macroplacoid
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0AE261E4EFACC" box="[535,631,1325,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">12.9–? 8.3–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11AE261F6EFACC" box="[758,855,1325,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">12.5–12.0 5.1–6.1</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CAE261815FACC" box="[971,1068,1325,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">11.6–11.8 3.0–5.6</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72AE261937FACC" box="[1173,1294,1325,1388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">12.3–13.4 4.8–7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFAE891937FA61" box="[264,1294,1410,1473]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFAE891DFAFA61" box="[264,451,1410,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAE891D19FA37" box="[269,288,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
Microplacoid
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0AE891E4EFA61" box="[535,631,1410,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">18.5–? 4.5–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11AE891F6EFA61" box="[758,855,1410,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">12.8–13.3 2.7–3.6</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CAE891815FA61" box="[971,1068,1410,1473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">12.8–13.1 1.7–3.1</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72AE891937FA61" box="[1173,1294,1410,1473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">15.1–16.1 3.0–5.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFAEDC1937F9B6" box="[264,1294,1495,1558]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFAEDC1DFAF9B6" box="[264,451,1495,1558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAEDC1D19FA4C" box="[269,288,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
Internal claw III
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0AEDC1E4EF9B6" box="[535,631,1495,1558]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">10.0–? 12.6–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11AEDC1F6EF9B6" box="[758,855,1495,1558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">7.0–7.6?–13.4</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CAEDC1815F9B6" box="[971,1068,1495,1558]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">7.4–7.1 4.9–8.9</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72AEDC1937F9B6" box="[1173,1294,1495,1558]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">9.51–1.4 6.7–?</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFAD271937F9CB" box="[264,1294,1580,1643]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFAD271DFAF9CB" box="[264,451,1580,1643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAD271D19F9E1" box="[269,288,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
External claw III
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0AD271E4EF9CB" box="[535,631,1580,1643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">28.1–? 13.0–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11AD271F6EF9CB" box="[758,855,1580,1643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">?–28.2?–13.6</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CAD271815F9CB" box="[971,1068,1580,1643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">21.4–20.3 5.0–9.5</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72AD271937F9CB" box="[1173,1294,1580,1643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">21.1–? 6.8–9.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFAD8A1937F960" box="[264,1294,1665,1728]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFAD8A1DFAF960" box="[264,451,1665,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAD8A1D19F936" box="[269,288,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
Anterior claw IV
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0AD8A1E4EF960" box="[535,631,1665,1728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">28.9–? 14.6–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11AD8A1F6EF960" box="[758,855,1665,1728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">?–28.6?–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CAD8A1815F960" box="[971,1068,1665,1728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">21.8–21.7 5.7–10.4</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72AD8A1937F960" box="[1173,1294,1665,1728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">21.4–20.9 7.3–?</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFADDD1937F8B5" box="[264,1294,1750,1813]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFADDD1DFAF8B5" box="[264,451,1750,1813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAADDD1D19F94B" box="[269,288,1750,1771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
Posterior claw IV
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0ADDD1E4EF8B5" box="[535,631,1750,1813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">32.5–? 15.5–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11ADDD1F6EF8B5" box="[758,855,1750,1813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">?–??–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CADDD1815F8B5" box="[971,1068,1750,1813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">24.9–23.7 6.0–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72ADDD1937F8B5" box="[1173,1294,1750,1813]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">23.0–? 8.5–?</td>
</tr>
<tr id="50CF34CF96610064FEEFAC201937F8C8" box="[264,1294,1835,1896]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<th id="131E5DB396610064FEEFAC201DFAF8C8" box="[264,451,1835,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9661FF98FEEAAC201D19F8E0" box="[269,288,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">pt</emphasis>
* newborn
</th>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FDF0AC201E4EF8C8" box="[535,631,1835,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">34.5–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FD11AC201F6EF8C8" box="[758,855,1835,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">?–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FC2CAC201815F8C8" box="[971,1068,1835,1896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">26.2–?</td>
<td id="131E5DB396610064FB72AC201937F8C8" box="[1173,1294,1835,1896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">26.8–?</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9666FF9FFEDFA9071D84FD3E" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFEDFA9071DE4FD86" author="Argue" box="[312,477,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Argue, C. W. (1972) Tardigrades from New Brunswick, Canada. 2. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 50 (1), 87 - 94." type="journal article" year="1972">Argue (1972)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFD84A9071EC8FD85" box="[611,753,524,549]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFD84A9071EC8FD85" box="[611,753,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFCAFA9071F99FD86" box="[840,928,524,550]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Canada</collectingCountry>
but
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFC03A9071913FD86" author="Binda" box="[996,1322,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Binda, M. G. &amp; Rebecchi, L. (1992) Precisazioni su Macrobotus furciger Murray, 1907, e descrizione di Macrobiotus pilatoi n. sp. (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae). Animalia, 19, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="1992">Binda &amp; Rebecchi (1992)</bibRefCitation>
ascertained that the specimens and eggs studied by Argue belong to a different species they named
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFE71A9571E30FDD5" box="[406,521,604,629]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="pilatoi">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFE71A9571E30FDD5" box="[406,521,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. pilatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We agree with the opinion of Binda and Rebecchi.
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFB80A95718E3FDD5" box="[1127,1242,604,629]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="pilatoi">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFB80A95718E3FDD5" box="[1127,1242,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. pilatoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also present in
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFE65A98F1D83FD3E" box="[386,442,644,670]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9666FF9FFEDFA9A7183BFCB6" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFEDFA9A71E2BFD66" author="Ramazzotti" box="[312,530,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Ramazzotti, G. (1964) Tardigradi del Cile III - con descrizione delle nuove specie Oreella minor e Pseudechiniscus lateromammillatus. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di toria Naturale in Milano, 103 (4), 347 - 355." type="journal article" year="1964">Ramazzotti (1964)</bibRefCitation>
found
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFD83A9A71ED1FD65" box="[612,744,684,709]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFD83A9A71ED1FD65" box="[612,744,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFCEBA9A71F75FD66" box="[780,844,684,710]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Chile</collectingCountry>
but he noted that the eggs have a smaller diameter than that indicated in the description of the species; therefore we think that the presence of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFE71A9F71E23FCB5" box="[406,538,764,789]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFE71A9F71E23FCB5" box="[406,538,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in South
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFD6CA9F71EC9FCB6" box="[651,752,764,790]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">America</collectingCountry>
needs to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9666FF9FFEDFA82F1929FC2E" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFEDFA82F1E03FC9E" box="[312,570,804,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Horning, D. S., Schuster, R. O. &amp; Grigarick A. A. (1978) Tardigrada of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 185 - 280." type="journal article">
Horning
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFE44A82F1DD8FC9D" box="[419,481,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(1978)
</bibRefCitation>
attributed to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFD39A82F1F5FFC9D" box="[734,870,804,829]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFD39A82F1F5FFC9D" box="[734,870,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and eggs in spite of some differences. We examined
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049666FF9FFDA2A8471EDFFCC6" box="[581,742,844,870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
so named by Horning
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFC1BA8471801FCC5" box="[1020,1080,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
, and concluded that they belong to a new species later described and named
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFC7DA87F1897FC2D" box="[922,1198,884,909]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFC7DA87F1897FC2D" box="[922,1198,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Macrobiotus divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49666FF9FFB52A87F1929FC2E" box="[1205,1296,884,910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9666FF9FFEDFA8971D03FBF6" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFEDFA8971DEFFC16" author="Binda" box="[312,470,924,950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Binda, M. G. (1984) Notizie sui Tardigradi dell'Africa meridionale con descrizione di una nuova specie di Apodibius (Eutardigrada). Animalia, 11, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="1984">Binda (1984)</bibRefCitation>
attributed to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFD98A8971F3EFC15" box="[639,775,924,949]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFD98A8971F3EFC15" box="[639,775,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and eggs from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFBB6A89718D5FC16" box="[1105,1260,924,950]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
very similar but not identical to this species. After the comparison of this material with the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFE54A8E71E04FBA5" box="[435,573,1004,1029]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFE54A8E71E04FBA5" box="[435,573,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFD69A8E71F79FBA6" box="[654,832,1004,1030]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
, we concluded that the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFEEFAF1F1D98FB8E" box="[264,417,1044,1070]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
belong to a new species later described and named
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFBF2AF1F1939FB8D" box="[1045,1280,1044,1069]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFBF2AF1F1939FB8D" box="[1045,1280,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Macrobiotus sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49666FF9FFAEEAF1F1D03FBF6" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9666FF9FFEDFAF6F1927FABE" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFEDFAF6F1E8DFBDE" box="[312,692,1124,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Maucci, W. &amp; Durante Pasa, M. V. (1980) Tardigradi muscicoli delle Isole Andamane. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 7, 281 - 290." type="journal article">Maucci &amp; Durante Pasa (1980)</bibRefCitation>
attributed to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFCBAAF6F1FDCFBDD" box="[861,997,1124,1149]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFCBAAF6F1FDCFBDD" box="[861,997,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
three specimens and three eggs from Andaman Islands, but the photography of one specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFBA0AF871DB0FB6E" author="Maucci" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Maucci, W. &amp; Durante Pasa, M. V. (1980) Tardigradi muscicoli delle Isole Andamane. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 7, 281 - 290." type="journal article" year="1980">Maucci &amp; Durante Pasa, 1980</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 6) demonstrates that it surely belongs to a different species; the characters of the egg (
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFE68AFD71EC0FB56" author="Maucci" box="[399,761,1244,1270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Maucci, W. &amp; Durante Pasa, M. V. (1980) Tardigradi muscicoli delle Isole Andamane. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 7, 281 - 290." type="journal article" year="1980">Maucci &amp; Durante Pasa, 1980</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 7, 8) are not clearly visible and therefore the presence of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFE5AAE0F1E79FABD" box="[445,576,1284,1309]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFE5AAE0F1E79FABD" box="[445,576,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Andaman Islands, in our opinion, needs to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9666FF9FFEDFAE271FBAFA46" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
Also the presence of this species in Europe, in our opinion needs to be confirmed.
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFEEFAE5F1D8EFACE" author="Maucci" box="[264,439,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Maucci, W. (1986) Tardigrada. In: Fauna d'Italia, Calderini, Bologna, 388 pp." type="book" year="1986">Maucci (1986)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFDD5AE5F1E80FACD" box="[562,697,1364,1389]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFDD5AE5F1E80FACD" box="[562,697,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFCE1AE5F1F04FACE" box="[774,829,1364,1390]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Italy</collectingCountry>
, but some characters indicate differences from the typical material (posterior crown of the buccal armature formed by teeth thin and spaced; lunules small; egg processes without refracting areas). In our opinion also the presence of the species in
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFDDCAEC71E48FA46" box="[571,625,1484,1510]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Italy</collectingCountry>
needs to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9666FF9FFEDFAEFF1839F8EE" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
The species has been also recorded from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFCA3AEFF1F92F9AE" box="[836,939,1524,1550]" name="Hungary" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Hungary</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFC26AEFF1865F9AE" author="Iharos" box="[961,1116,1524,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Iharos, G. (1947) The Tardigrada fauna of the Tihany Peninsula. Archiva Biologica Hungarica, 17 (2), 38 - 43." type="journal article" year="1947">Iharos, 1947</bibRefCitation>
)
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFB95AEFF188CF9AE" box="[1138,1205,1524,1550]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFB2DAEFF1D7FF996" author="Maucci" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Maucci, W. (1991) Due nuove specie di tardigradi muscicoli della Spagna. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 15, 257 - 264." type="journal article" year="1991">Maucci, 1991</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFE82AD171D8FF996" box="[357,438,1564,1590]" name="Poland" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Poland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFE37AD171E9BF996" author="Weglarska" box="[464,674,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Weglarska, B. (1959) Die Tardigraden (Tardigrada) Polens. I. Tardigraden der Woiwodschaft Krakow. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 4, 699 - 745." type="journal article" year="1959">Weglarska, 1959</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFD10AD171F7CF996" box="[759,837,1564,1590]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFCB8AD171828F996" author="Biserov" box="[863,1041,1564,1590]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Biserov, V. (1991) An annotated list of Tardigrada from European Russia. Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, 118, 193 - 216." type="journal article" year="1991">Biserov, 1991</bibRefCitation>
), but no drawings or photographs were provided.
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFDBDAD4F1F07F9FE" box="[602,830,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="De Coninck, L. (1939) Scientific results of Prof. Dr. P. Van Oyes expedition in Iceland. VI. Tardigrades. Biologisch Jaarboek, Gent, 6, 190 - 218." type="journal article">
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFDBDAD4F1E45F9FE" box="[602,636,1604,1630]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">De</collectingCountry>
Coninck (1939)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9666FF9FFC53AD4F1800F9FD" box="[948,1081,1604,1629]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9666FF9FFC53AD4F1800F9FD" box="[948,1081,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFB64AD4F18E0F9FE" box="[1155,1241,1604,1630]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Iceland</collectingCountry>
but he found only specimens and no eggs, and therefore we think that this record needs to be confirmed.
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFE73AD9F1E76F90E" author="Dastych" box="[404,591,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monographie Fauny Polski, 16, 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="1988">Dastych (1988)</bibRefCitation>
in the monograph on tardigrades from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFBD9AD9F18B6F90E" box="[1086,1167,1684,1710]" name="Poland" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Poland</collectingCountry>
illustrated a specimen, buccopharyngeal apparatus and claws, but he recorded the species on the basis of the record of
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFE07ADEF1E82F95E" author="Weglarska" box="[480,699,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Weglarska, B. (1959) Die Tardigraden (Tardigrada) Polens. I. Tardigraden der Woiwodschaft Krakow. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 4, 699 - 745." type="journal article" year="1959">Weglarska (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, and he used the same drawings he used for his population from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFE34AC071EB9F886" box="[467,640,1804,1830]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFD74AC071F7DF886" author="Dastych" box="[659,836,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Dastych, H. (1984) The Tardigrada from Antarctic with description of several new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 27 (19), 377 - 436." type="journal article" year="1984">Dastych, 1984</bibRefCitation>
), and he wrote (
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9666FF9FFBEBAC071927F886" author="Dastych" box="[1036,1310,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monographie Fauny Polski, 16, 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="1988" yearSuffix="p">Dastych, 1988, p. 103</bibRefCitation>
): “The occurrence of this species in
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9666FF9FFD7AAC3F1ED7F8EE" box="[669,750,1844,1870]" name="Poland" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Poland</collectingCountry>
needs a confirmation.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEDFAA171899FE26" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
In conclusion,
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9667FF9EFE0CAA171E4BFE95" box="[491,626,284,309]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFE0CAA171E4BFE95" box="[491,626,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is surely widespread in
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9667FF9EFC7AAA171833FE96" box="[925,1034,284,310]" name="Antarctica" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
and Subantarctic areas; some records of the species in this area may refer to a different species. The records of this species from different geographical areas in our opinion need to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

323
data/66/56/87/6656879B9665FF91FEEFAAFF1E52FE76.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
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<mods:title id="D24532CAB4E435319586D40E7E4F5EED">Remarks on Macrobiotus furciger Murray, 1906 and description of three new species of the furciger group (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4AFAEE45F161CEA0EF2CEA3B5568659F">Binda, Maria Grazia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1BA145EE9F02653F34CFC383D7AA8292">Pilato, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57C7AC669AE044E9BAF38192A781EAAD">Lisi, Oscar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3DC23ED3B25DF804F388E274EC60534B">2005</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6656879B9665FF91FEEFAAFF1E52FE76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669891" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119336540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6656879B9665FF91FEEFAAFF1E52FE76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6656879B9665FF91FEEFAAFF1E52FE76" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="A6E565069665FF9CFEEFAAFF1F2BFDAD" box="[264,786,499,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEEFAAFF1F2BFDAD" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" box="[264,786,499,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="B50881E19665FF9CFEEFAAFF1F2BFDAD" bold="true" box="[264,786,499,526]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFEEFAAFF1F2BFDAD" bold="true" box="[264,786,499,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFEEFAAFF1E1DFDAE" ID-CoL="3X2S2" box="[264,548,500,526]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFEEFAAFF1E1DFDAE" bold="true" box="[264,548,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Macrobiotus divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49665FF9CFDCCAAF81EB1FDAD" box="[555,648,499,525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="76C42A089665FF9CFD7FAAF81ED5FDAD" box="[664,748,499,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[270,1323,604,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,596,1731]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype, the particular shape of the stylet sheaths (arrow) in focus; C, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype on lateral view, the particular shape of stylet sheaths (arrow) is focused; D, claws of the second and third pairs of legs; E, claws of the hind legs. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="76C42A089665FF9CFD1EAAF81F30FDAD" box="[761,777,499,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1050,1074]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,283,1018]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1318,272,1024]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, newborn hatching from the egg; B, detail of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273293/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E565069665FF91FEEFA9221E52FE76" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEEFA9221828FDE3" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" box="[264,1041,553,579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="3144882F9665FF9CFEEFA9221D7BFDE3" box="[264,322,553,579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFE49A9221E77FDE3" box="[430,590,553,579]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, North
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFD41A9221EC9FDE3" box="[678,752,553,579]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Island</collectingCountry>
, Turangi (moss sample).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEDFA95A1932FDCB" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" box="[312,1291,593,619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Material examined.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFDC4A95A1EFDFDCB" box="[547,708,593,619]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, North
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFCFCA95A1F5FFDCB" box="[795,870,593,619]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Island</collectingCountry>
, Turangi:
<typeStatus id="3144882F9665FF9CFC3AA95A187DFDCB" box="[989,1092,593,619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 4
<typeStatus id="3144882F9665FF9CFB74A95A193EFDCB" box="[1171,1287,593,619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEDFA9721D62FC93" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFEDFA9721DE6FD33" box="[312,479,633,659]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, North
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFDA4A9721EB7FD33" box="[579,654,633,659]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Island</collectingCountry>
, Mt. Egmont National Park, the Plateau (
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFB79A972193AFD33" box="[1182,1283,633,659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="1160.0">1160 m</quantity>
):
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049665FF9CFAF9A9721DBBFD1B" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
and one egg with fully developed embryo (partially hatched) from a moss sample.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFE97A9C21E2FFD43" box="[368,534,713,739]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, South
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFD9DA9C21EFCFD43" box="[634,709,713,739]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Island</collectingCountry>
, Temple Basin:
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049665FF9CFC74A9C21810FD43" box="[915,1065,713,739]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
from moss samples.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFEEFA9FA1D4FFCAB" box="[264,374,753,779]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Australia</collectingCountry>
, New South
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFDFBA9FA1E5FFCAB" box="[540,614,753,779]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Wales</collectingCountry>
, New
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFD5DA9FA1F25FCAB" box="[698,796,753,779]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">England</collectingCountry>
National Park:
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049665FF9CFC04A9FA1841FCAB" box="[995,1144,753,779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
from a lichen sample
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEDFA84A1880FCFB" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" box="[312,1209,833,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<typeStatus id="3144882F9665FF9CFEDFA84A1D4BFCFB" box="[312,370,833,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
repository. Museum of
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9665FF9CFD6DA84A1F1EFCFB" box="[650,807,833,859]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
Te Papa Tongarewa (Wellington).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEDFA8621D40FC5B" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9665FF9CFEDFA8621E0EFC23" box="[312,567,873,899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Horning, D. S., Schuster, R. O. &amp; Grigarick A. A. (1978) Tardigrada of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 185 - 280." type="journal article">
Horning
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFE44A8621DD9FC22" box="[419,480,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(1978)
</bibRefCitation>
attributed to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFD3DA8621F59FC22" box="[730,864,873,898]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFD3DA8621F59FC22" box="[730,864,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and eggs of three different species. No specimen or egg we examined belongs to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFC7FA89A1827FC0A" box="[920,1054,913,938]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFC7FA89A1827FC0A" box="[920,1054,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We here describe the new species
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFE7AA8B21E04FC72" box="[413,573,953,978]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFE7AA8B21E04FC72" box="[413,573,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49665FF9CFDAAA8B21E91FC73" box="[589,680,953,979]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
for specimens and eggs found in the above mentioned localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEDFAF021FFEF9A3" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="3144882F9665FF9CFDF9AF021EB1FB83" box="[542,648,1033,1059]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Body length
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFCD0AF021FA0FB83" box="[823,921,1033,1059]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
; colourless; cuticle smooth; eyes absent (according to
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9665FF9CFDEEAF3A1F3FFBEB" author="Horning" box="[521,774,1073,1099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Horning, D. S., Schuster, R. O. &amp; Grigarick A. A. (1978) Tardigrada of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 185 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">
Horning
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFD91AF3A1E8CFBEA" box="[630,693,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
, 1978
</bibRefCitation>
). Buccopharyngeal apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFB71AF3A1912FBEA" box="[1174,1323,1073,1098]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFB71AF3A1912FBEA" box="[1174,1323,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Macrobiotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9665FF9CFEEFAF521D03FBD3" box="[264,314,1113,1139]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="76C42A089665FF9CFEA8AF521DA3FBD3" box="[335,410,1113,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[270,1323,604,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,596,1731]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype, the particular shape of the stylet sheaths (arrow) in focus; C, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype on lateral view, the particular shape of stylet sheaths (arrow) is focused; D, claws of the second and third pairs of legs; E, claws of the hind legs. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
AC); mouth terminal with ten peribuccal lamellae; buccal cavity with an anterior band of small teeth, a posterior crown of triangular teeth and three dorsal and three ventral transverse ridges. Supplementary teeth seem to be absent. Buccal tube
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFB21AFA21912FB63" box="[1222,1323,1193,1219]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="39.3">39.3 m</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFE91AFDA1DF2FB4B" box="[374,459,1233,1259]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="4.6">4.6 m</quantity>
wide (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFDFAAFDA1E0DFB4A" box="[541,564,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 11.7); stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube at 75.0 of its length (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFE82AFF21D45FAB2" box="[357,380,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 75.0). The stylet sheaths have peculiar characteristics: the lateral portion is very thick and the caudal portion is diverging from the buccal tube wall (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089665FF9CFB93AE2A1882FA9B" box="[1140,1211,1313,1339]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[270,1323,604,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,596,1731]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype, the particular shape of the stylet sheaths (arrow) in focus; C, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype on lateral view, the particular shape of stylet sheaths (arrow) is focused; D, claws of the second and third pairs of legs; E, claws of the hind legs. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
AB). On lateral view they appear drop­shaped (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089665FF9CFD3EAE421F1BFAC3" box="[729,802,1353,1379]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[270,1323,604,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,596,1731]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype, the particular shape of the stylet sheaths (arrow) in focus; C, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype on lateral view, the particular shape of stylet sheaths (arrow) is focused; D, claws of the second and third pairs of legs; E, claws of the hind legs. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C). Pharyngeal bulb (
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFBD6AE4218A1FAC3" box="[1073,1176,1353,1379]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.31" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="43.1">43.1 m</quantity>
x
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFB5CAE42191BFAC3" box="[1211,1314,1353,1379]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="39.3">39.3 m</quantity>
) with apophyses, three rod­shaped macroplacoids and small microplacoid. First macroplacoid
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFE48AE921E3AFA13" box="[431,515,1433,1459]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="5.6">5.6 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFDA9AE921E5CFA12" box="[590,613,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 14.2), second
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFCCFAE921F45FA13" box="[808,892,1433,1459]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="4.7">4.7 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFC6AAE921F9DFA12" box="[909,932,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 12.0), third, with a preterminal narrowing,
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFE77AECA1DDCFA7B" box="[400,485,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="4.8">4.8 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFE18AECA1E2FFA7A" box="[511,534,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 12.2), microplacoid 3.0 m long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFC3EAECA1FC9FA7A" box="[985,1008,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 7.6). Entire placoid row
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFEEFAEE21D52F9A3" box="[264,363,1513,1539]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="19.9">19.9 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFE9BAEE21DAAF9A2" box="[380,403,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 50.6), macroplacoid row
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFD3EAEE21F02F9A3" box="[729,827,1513,1539]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="16.6">16.6 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFCABAEE21F5AF9A2" box="[844,867,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 42.2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEDFAD1A1E7BF953" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
The claws, of the
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFDF3AD1A1EBAF98A" box="[532,643,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">hufelandi</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9665FF9CFD6BAD1A1EFBF98B" box="[652,706,1553,1579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
, are short and stout with well developed accessory points on main branches (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089665FF9CFDD0AD321E47F9F3" box="[567,638,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[270,1323,604,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,596,1731]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype, the particular shape of the stylet sheaths (arrow) in focus; C, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype on lateral view, the particular shape of stylet sheaths (arrow) is focused; D, claws of the second and third pairs of legs; E, claws of the hind legs. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273292/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D, E). Internal and external claws of the third pair of legs are
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFED3AD6A1DB1F9DB" box="[308,392,1633,1659]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="8.3">8.3 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFE7EAD6A1D89F9DA" box="[409,432,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 21.1) and
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFDA0AD6A1EA2F9DB" box="[583,667,1633,1659]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="8.7">8.7 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFD0EAD6A1F39F9DA" box="[745,768,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 22.1) respectively; the anterior and posterior claws of the hind legs are
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFDA7AD821E9CF903" box="[576,677,1673,1699]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="10.2">10.2 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFD50AD821EF7F902" box="[695,718,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 25.9) and
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFC80AD821FF2F903" box="[871,971,1673,1699]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="10.9">10.9 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFBFDAD821808F902" box="[1050,1073,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">pt</emphasis>
= 27.7) respectively. Smooth lunules are present on all legs. A cuticular thickening present near the lunules on the first three pairs of legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF93FEDFAC0A18DCFD86" blockId="7.[264,1325,499,1899]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
Together with the specimens attributable to this species, in a moss sample from Mt. Egmont National Park, one egg with the newborn partially hatched has been found (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089665FF9CFB02AC221912F8E3" box="[1253,1323,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1050,1074]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,283,1018]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1318,272,1024]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, newborn hatching from the egg; B, detail of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273293/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). This egg, freely laid, is spherical with some spaced processes (
<quantity id="29079B689665FF9CFB4EAC5A18CBF8CB" box="[1193,1266,1873,1899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="in" value="17.0">17 in</quantity>
the circumference); the diameter is
<quantity id="29079B68966AFF93FD9BAA171EF1FE96" box="[636,712,284,310]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="69.0">69 m</quantity>
excluding the processes,
<quantity id="29079B68966AFF93FC13AA171879FE96" box="[1012,1088,284,310]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
processes included. The processes (
<figureCitation id="76C42A08966AFF93FE5AAA4F1E3AFEFE" box="[445,515,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1050,1074]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,283,1018]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1318,272,1024]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, newborn hatching from the egg; B, detail of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273293/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B) are subdivided generally twice from half process length; some of them divided thrice but the terminal branches are very short; each subdivision may be dichotomic or multiple,
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966AFF93FDD5AA9F1E64FE0D" box="[562,605,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">i.e.,</emphasis>
two or more branches may be formed. Processes' surface smooth without refracting areas. They are
<quantity id="29079B68966AFF93FD10AAB71F42FE76" box="[759,891,444,470]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="4.75" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="4.7">4.7–4.8 m</quantity>
high, the basal diameter
<quantity id="29079B68966AFF93FB78AAB7191FFE76" box="[1183,1318,444,470]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="5.7">5.7–6.3 m</quantity>
. Their bases have some projections that delimitate a basal crown of meshes. Egg shell with a delicate but evident reticular sculpture; margins of the meshes very thin (
<figureCitation id="76C42A08966AFF93FB93A9071880FD86" box="[1140,1209,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1050,1074]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,283,1018]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[270,1318,272,1024]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrobiotus divergens sp. nov.: A, newborn hatching from the egg; B, detail of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273293/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BA806605966AFF93FEEFADC51DADF8C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273292/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[270,1323,604,1728]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="EE40368D966AFF93FEEFADC51DADF8C6" blockId="8.[264,1324,1742,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966AFF93FEEFADC51DB4F946" bold="true" box="[264,397,1742,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966AFF93FE7FADC41EA9F946" box="[408,656,1743,1766]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966AFF93FE7FADC41EA9F946" box="[408,656,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Macrobiotus divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966AFF93FD7CADC41ECCF946" box="[667,757,1743,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype, the particular shape of the stylet sheaths (arrow) in focus; C, buccopharyngeal apparatus of a paratype on lateral view, the particular shape of stylet sheaths (arrow) is focused; D, claws of the second and third pairs of legs; E, claws of the hind legs. (Scale bar = 10 m)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BA806605966BFF92FEEFAF111E28FBF5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273293/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[279,1308,283,1018]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="EE40368D966BFF92FEEFAF111E28FBF5" blockId="9.[264,1323,1050,1109]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FEEFAF111DB5FB92" bold="true" box="[264,396,1050,1074]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966BFF92FE71AF101EB5FB92" box="[406,652,1051,1074]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FE71AF101EB5FB92" box="[406,652,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Macrobiotus divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966BFF92FD72AF101ED7FB92" box="[661,750,1051,1074]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, newborn hatching from the egg; B, detail of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE40368D966BFF92FEDFAFA21EEDFAC3" blockId="9.[264,1324,1193,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
The
<typeStatus id="3144882F966BFF92FE91AFA21DDFFB63" box="[374,486,1193,1219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are similar to the
<typeStatus id="3144882F966BFF92FD0DAFA21F68FB63" box="[746,849,1193,1219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
for both qualitative and quantitative characters. In
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966BFF92FE54AFDA1E34FB4B" box="[435,525,1233,1259]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
the dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens are indicated. We measured the value of the index
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FB82AFF21845FAB2" box="[1125,1148,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">pt</emphasis>
relative to the stylet supports in
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD04966BFF92FE0CAE2A1EBDFA9B" box="[491,644,1313,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
, two newborns included; the minimum and maximum values were 74.9 and 77.5 respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D966BFF92FEDFAE7A181BFA13" blockId="9.[264,1324,1193,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
Etymology. The name
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966BFF92FDA1AE7A1E8EFA2A" box="[582,695,1393,1418]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FDA1AE7A1E8EFA2A" box="[582,695,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the aspect of the stylet sheaths that both on dorsal or ventral view appear diverging from the buccal tube walls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D966BFF92FEDFAECA1FB8F953" blockId="9.[264,1324,1193,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
Remarks.
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966BFF92FE54AECA1EFDFA7A" box="[435,708,1473,1498]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FE54AECA1EFDFA7A" box="[435,708,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Macrobiotus divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966BFF92FD29AECA1F14FA7B" box="[718,813,1473,1499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966BFF92FC33AECA1865FA7A" box="[980,1116,1473,1498]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FC33AECA1865FA7A" box="[980,1116,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following features: eyes absent (according to
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C966BFF92FD5FAEE21F8CF9A3" author="Horning" box="[696,949,1513,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Horning, D. S., Schuster, R. O. &amp; Grigarick A. A. (1978) Tardigrada of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 185 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">
Horning
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FCC2AEE21F5AF9A2" box="[805,867,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
, 1978
</bibRefCitation>
); buccal tube slightly wider in relation to the body length (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966BFF92FDB7AD1A1E9EF98B" box="[592,679,1553,1579]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); stylet sheaths very thick and with the caudal portion diverging from the buccal tube walls; third macroplacoid about as long as the first one; microplacoid shorter (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966BFF92FDEDAD6A1E5BF9DB" box="[522,610,1633,1659]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); claws shorter (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966BFF92FCC1AD6A1F47F9DB" box="[806,894,1633,1659]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); and in some characters of the eggs (smaller dimensions; processes shorter, less numerous, more spaced, without refracting areas; basal projections longer that do not appear as a crown of basal dots; reticular design of egg shell with larger meshes with thinner margins).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D966BFF91FEDFAC0A1E52FE76" blockId="9.[264,1324,1193,1899]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1323,284,470]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966BFF92FD76AC0A1F2BF8BA" box="[657,786,1793,1818]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FD76AC0A1F2BF8BA" box="[657,786,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966BFF92FCFFAC0A1F4BF8BB" box="[792,882,1793,1819]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the following features: eyes absent (according to
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C966BFF92FE53AC221E8AF8E3" author="Horning" box="[436,691,1833,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Horning, D. S., Schuster, R. O. &amp; Grigarick A. A. (1978) Tardigrada of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 185 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">
Horning
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966BFF92FDC5AC221E58F8E2" box="[546,609,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
, 1978
</bibRefCitation>
); buccal cavity with anterior band of teeth present; posterior portion of buccal cavity wider; stylet sheaths very thick and with the caudal portion diverging from the buccal tube walls; stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube in a more caudal position (
<tableCitation id="A37D03369668FF91FDCCAA4F1EBCFEFE" box="[555,645,324,350]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); claws shorter (
<tableCitation id="A37D03369668FF91FCB6AA4F1F92FEFE" box="[849,939,324,350]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); and in some characters of the eggs (smaller dimensions; processes shorter; with thinner branches; basal projections longer that do not form a crown of basal dots; reticular design of egg shell with larger meshes with thinner margins).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

231
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<mods:title id="04E3D7832CC0140AA7616932BA0919A2">Remarks on Macrobiotus furciger Murray, 1906 and description of three new species of the furciger group (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEEFAAEF1EE9FE5D" blockId="5.[264,720,483,510]" box="[264,720,483,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="B50881E19667FF9EFEEFAAEF1EE9FE5D" bold="true" box="[264,720,483,510]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFEEFAAEF1EE9FE5D" bold="true" box="[264,720,483,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9667FF9EFEEFAAEF1E33FE5E" ID-CoL="3X2QN" box="[264,522,484,510]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFEEFAAEF1E33FE5E" bold="true" box="[264,522,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Macrobiotus aradasi</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="76C42A089667FF9EFD99AAE81EFEFE5D" box="[638,711,483,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,283,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrobiotus aradasi sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in lateral view; C, claws of the third pair of legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273291/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E565069667FF9DFEEFA9241D4CF8CD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEEFA924192BFDD1" blockId="5.[264,1324,559,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
Material examined. King George
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9667FF9EFD55A9241EC4FDE9" box="[690,765,559,585]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Island</collectingCountry>
, Admiralty Bay;
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049667FF9EFC31A9241840FDE9" box="[982,1145,559,585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFB6AA92418CFFDE9" box="[1165,1270,559,585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFEEFA95C1D43FDD1" box="[264,378,599,625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) and
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049667FF9EFE5CA95C1E20FDD1" box="[443,537,599,625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="egg">14 eggs</specimenCount>
, one of which with fully developed embryo, from moss samples.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEDFA9741D47FD61" blockId="5.[264,1324,559,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFEDFA9741D4BFD39" box="[312,370,639,665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
repository. Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEDFA9C41D5DFBD9" blockId="5.[264,1324,559,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFDF8A9C41EB3FD49" box="[543,650,719,745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Body length
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFCDFA9C41FA3FD49" box="[824,922,719,745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.32" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="432.0">432 m</quantity>
; colourless, cuticle smooth, eyes present. Buccopharyngeal apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9667FF9EFD03A9FC1F40FCB0" box="[740,889,759,784]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFD03A9FC1F40FCB0" box="[740,889,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Macrobiotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFC64A9FC1F8CFCB1" box="[899,949,759,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="76C42A089667FF9EFC2EA9FC1828FCB1" box="[969,1041,759,785]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,283,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrobiotus aradasi sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in lateral view; C, claws of the third pair of legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273291/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A, B); mouth terminal with ten peribuccal lamellae; buccal cavity without an anterior band of fine teeth, with a posterior ring of very fine triangular teeth and three dorsal and three ventral delicate transverse ridges. Also some very fine ventral supplementary teeth are present. The buccal tube
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFEA2A89C1D92FC11" box="[325,427,919,945]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.36" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="43.6">43.6 m</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFDCEA89C1EB9FC11" box="[553,640,919,945]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="5.3">5.3 m</quantity>
wide (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFD30A89C1ED7FC10" box="[727,750,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 12.2); the stylet supports are inserted on the buccal tube at 72.2 % of its length (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFD4EA8B41EF9FC78" box="[681,704,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 72.2). The pharyngeal bulb has apophyses, 3 short macroplacoids without narrowings, microplacoid present; first macroplacoid 6.0 m long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFEF5AF041D10FB88" box="[274,297,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 13.8) second
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFE01AF041E03FB89" box="[486,570,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="4.7">4.7 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFDABAF041E5AFB88" box="[588,611,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 10.8), third
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFCEAAF041F58FB89" box="[781,865,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="5.1">5.1 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFC95AF041FB0FB88" box="[882,905,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
=11.7), microplacoid
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFB71AF0418D3FB89" box="[1174,1258,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="3.3">3.3 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFB1BAF04192AFB88" box="[1276,1299,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 7.6.); entire placoid row
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFDD4AF3C1EAFFBF1" box="[563,662,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="21.8">21.8 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFD0BAF3C1F3AFBF0" box="[748,771,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 50.0); macroplacoid row
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFBBBAF3C1886FBF1" box="[1116,1215,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="17.7">17.7 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFAF3AF3C1913FBF0" box="[1300,1322,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 40.6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEDFAF8C1E8FFAE1" blockId="5.[264,1324,559,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
The claws, of the
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFDC6AF8C1EA9FB00" box="[545,656,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">hufelandi</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFD7AAF8C1EEBFB01" box="[669,722,1159,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
, have very developed accessory points on main branches (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089667FF9EFE65AFA41DF0FB69" box="[386,457,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,283,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrobiotus aradasi sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in lateral view; C, claws of the third pair of legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273291/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). The internal claw on the third pair of legs
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFC19AFA4185AFB69" box="[1022,1123,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="12.6">12.6 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFB53AFA418F2FB68" box="[1204,1227,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 28.9) accessory points and peduncle included, the external claw of the same pair
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFB64AFDC18DFFB51" box="[1155,1254,1239,1265]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="12.8">12.8 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFEF5AFF41D10FAB8" box="[274,297,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">pt</emphasis>
= 29.4). Small lunules are present. A cuticular thickening is also present near the lunules on the first three pair of legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEDFAE441E1CF909" blockId="5.[264,1324,559,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
The eggs, laid freely, are spherical and provided with processes (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089667FF9EFBB4AE4418A4FAC9" box="[1107,1181,1359,1385]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,283,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrobiotus aradasi sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in lateral view; C, claws of the third pair of legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273291/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, E). The diameter is
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFE7BAE7C1E7AFA31" box="[412,579,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" metricValueMax="9.05" metricValueMin="8.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="87.0" valueMax="90.5" valueMin="83.5">83.5–90.5 m</quantity>
excluding the processes,
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including them. Egg processes (
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the circumference) twice (rarely once) divided from half process length; terminal branches blunt. Each subdivision may be dichotomic or multiple,
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFB2BAECC18CEFA40" box="[1228,1271,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">i.e.,</emphasis>
two or more branches may be formed. Process surface smooth without refracting areas. Processes of the largest measured egg
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFD2EAD1C1F12F991" box="[713,811,1559,1585]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.69" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="8.69">8.69 m</quantity>
high, their basal diameter
<quantity id="29079B689667FF9EFB84AD1C18D3F991" box="[1123,1258,1559,1585]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="8.95" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="8.4">8.4–9.5 m</quantity>
; base of each process with some projections forming a ring of basal dots (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089667FF9EFBCAAD34184BF9F9" box="[1069,1138,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,283,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrobiotus aradasi sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in lateral view; C, claws of the third pair of legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273291/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, E). The egg shell has many small refracting points and therefore it has a reticular sculpture with very small meshes (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089667FF9EFE52AD841DC3F909" box="[437,506,1679,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[269,1322,283,1390]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,281,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrobiotus aradasi sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in lateral view; C, claws of the third pair of legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273291/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEDFADBC1EA6F881" blockId="5.[264,1324,559,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
The
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFE91ADBC1DDFF971" box="[374,486,1719,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are similar to the
<typeStatus id="3144882F9667FF9EFD0DADBC1F68F971" box="[746,849,1719,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
for both qualitative and quantitative characters. In
<tableCitation id="A37D03369667FF9EFE54ADD41E34F959" box="[435,525,1759,1785]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
the dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens are indicated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9667FF9EFEDFAC241F5EF8D1" blockId="5.[264,1324,559,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
Etymology. The name
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9667FF9EFDADAC241E9AF8E8" box="[586,675,1839,1864]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9667FF9EFDADAC241E9AF8E8" box="[586,675,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in honour of Prof. Andrea Aradas, malacologist of the nineteenth century, of the University of Catania.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BA8066059664FF9DFEEFAE8C1E28FA45" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273291/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[269,1322,283,1390]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9664FF9DFEEFAE8C1E28FA45" blockId="6.[264,1323,1415,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9664FF9DFEEFAE8C1DA9FA3F" bold="true" box="[264,400,1415,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9664FF9DFE79AE831EBDFA3F" box="[414,644,1416,1439]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9664FF9DFE79AE831EBDFA3F" box="[414,644,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Macrobiotus aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49664FF9DFD77AE831ED4FA3F" box="[656,749,1416,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view; B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in lateral view; C, claws of the third pair of legs; D, E, details of the egg. (Scale bar = 10 m)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9664FF9DFEDFAD301D4CF8CD" blockId="6.[264,1323,1595,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
Remarks. The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9664FF9DFCF0AD371FA7F9F5" box="[791,926,1596,1621]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9664FF9DFCF0AD371FA7F9F5" box="[791,926,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following features: caudal portion of buccal cavity narrower, anterior band of teeth absent; stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube in a more cephalic position (pt = 72.0–
<quantity id="29079B689664FF9DFC7DAD801FD7F905" box="[922,1006,1675,1701]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8491199999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="72.8">72.8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9664FF9DFC10AD80184CF905" box="[1015,1141,1675,1701]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">M. aradasi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49664FF9DFB99AD8018E7F905" box="[1150,1246,1675,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<quantity id="29079B689664FF9DFB0BAD801D66F96D" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94691" metricValueMax="1.9583399999999997" metricValueMin="1.93548" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="76.65" valueMax="77.1" valueMin="76.2">76.2– 77.1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9664FF9DFE8CADB81DC2F96D" box="[363,507,1715,1741]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">M. furciger</taxonomicName>
); third macroplacoid shorter (it is about as long as the first one); microplacoid shorter (
<tableCitation id="A37D03369664FF9DFDFFADD01E41F955" box="[536,632,1755,1781]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); and in some characters of the eggs (slightly smaller dimensions; processes smaller, without refracting areas, generally twice (rarely once, never thrice) divided, with terminal branches blunt; reticular sculpture of egg shell more delicate).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6E565069665FF9CFEDFAA171DD2FE0E" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9665FF9CFEDFAA171DD2FE0E" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFEDFAA171E0DFE95" ID-CoL="3X2QN" box="[312,564,284,309]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFEDFAA171E0DFE95" box="[312,564,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Macrobiotus aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49665FF9CFDA4AA171E9CFE96" box="[579,677,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been found by
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9665FF9CFC49AA171853FE96" author="Dastych" box="[942,1130,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Dastych, H. (1984) The Tardigrada from Antarctic with description of several new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 27 (19), 377 - 436." type="journal article" year="1984">Dastych (1984)</bibRefCitation>
but named
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFAECAA171D5DFEFD" ID-CoL="3X2SF" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFAECAA171D5DFEFD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This author also drew the buccopharyngeal tube (
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9665FF9CFC5CAA4F1853FEFE" author="Dastych" box="[955,1130,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Dastych, H. (1984) The Tardigrada from Antarctic with description of several new species. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 27 (19), 377 - 436." type="journal article" year="1984">Dastych, 1984</bibRefCitation>
, p. 391, Fig.7 b, c; p. 392, Fig. 8 f). It is not easy to understand whether other records of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFBACAA6718F7FE25" ID-CoL="3X2SF" box="[1099,1230,364,389]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFBACAA6718F7FE25" box="[1099,1230,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refer to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9665FF9CFEEFAA9F1DB1FE0D" ID-CoL="3X2QN" box="[264,392,404,429]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9665FF9CFEEFAA9F1DB1FE0D" box="[264,392,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">M. aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49665FF9CFE77AA9F1DD2FE0E" box="[400,491,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF91FEEFA93F1E85FDED" blockId="10.[264,700,563,590]" box="[264,700,563,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="B50881E19668FF91FEEFA93F1E85FDED" bold="true" box="[264,700,563,590]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FEEFA93F1E85FDED" bold="true" box="[264,700,563,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FEEFA93F1DCEFDEE" bold="true" box="[264,503,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Macrobiotus sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49668FF91FE19A9381E62FDED" box="[510,603,563,589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="76C42A089668FF91FD8CA9381E8AFDED" box="[619,691,563,589]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,470,1564]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus sicheli sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF91FEEFA974185DFD39" blockId="10.[264,1324,639,1905]" box="[264,1124,639,665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FEEFA9741D7BFD39" box="[264,322,639,665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9668FF91FE49A9741E71FD39" box="[430,584,639,665]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Tzitzikama (an undetermined moss sample).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF91FEDFA9AC18CBFD61" blockId="10.[264,1324,639,1905]" box="[312,1266,679,705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
Material examined.
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9668FF91FDC4A9AC1E84FD61" box="[547,701,679,705]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Tzitzikama:
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FCBBA9AC1FFFFD61" box="[860,966,679,705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 29
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FC11A9AC185FFD61" box="[1014,1126,679,705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="F8F9FD049668FF91FB78A9AC18D7FD61" box="[1183,1262,679,705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="egg">7 eggs</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF91FEDFA9C41F2AFCB1" blockId="10.[264,1324,639,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FEDFA9C41D4BFD49" box="[312,370,719,745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
repository: Collection of Binda and Pilato: Department of Animal Biology “Marcello La Greca”, University of Catania.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF91FEDFA8141D87FBA1" blockId="10.[264,1324,639,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<bibRefCitation id="8A6E4B7C9668FF91FEDFA8141DECFC99" author="Binda" box="[312,469,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refString="Binda, M. G. (1984) Notizie sui Tardigradi dell'Africa meridionale con descrizione di una nuova specie di Apodibius (Eutardigrada). Animalia, 11, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="1984">Binda (1984)</bibRefCitation>
attributed to
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9668FF91FD9EA8141EC6FC98" box="[633,767,799,824]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FD9EA8141EC6FC98" box="[633,767,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and eggs from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9668FF91FBA5A81418E6FC99" box="[1090,1247,799,825]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">South Africa</collectingCountry>
; some differences with respect to the description of this species were attributed to the individual variability. We compared the material from
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9668FF91FCFDA8641F8DFC29" box="[794,948,879,905]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">South Africa</collectingCountry>
with specimens of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9668FF91FB44A8641912FC28" box="[1187,1323,879,904]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FB44A8641912FC28" box="[1187,1323,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="96E8761D9668FF91FE9CA89C1E11FC11" box="[379,552,919,945]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
described above, and noted some differences that induce us to attribute the South African specimens to a new species here described and named
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9668FF91FAECA8B41D6DFBA0" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FAECA8B41D6DFBA0" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49668FF91FE84A8EC1D87FBA1" box="[355,446,999,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF91FEDFAF041F34FA19" blockId="10.[264,1324,639,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FDF8AF041EB0FB89" box="[543,649,1039,1065]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Body length
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FCDEAF041FA2FB89" box="[825,923,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="329.0">329 m</quantity>
; colourless, eyes present, cuticle with small dots difficult to see (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089668FF91FD9EAF3C1E86FBF1" box="[633,703,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,470,1564]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus sicheli sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C). Buccopharyngeal apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9668FF91FBBBAF3C18C8FBF0" box="[1116,1265,1079,1104]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FBBBAF3C18C8FBF0" box="[1116,1265,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Macrobiotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FB1FAF3C1912FBF1" box="[1272,1323,1079,1105]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="76C42A089668FF91FEF6AF541D64FBD9" box="[273,349,1119,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,470,1564]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus sicheli sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A); mouth terminal with ten peribuccal lamellae; buccal cavity wall with an anterior band of fine teeth, a posterior crown of triangular teeth and three dorsal and three ventral transverse ridges. Also some supplementary teeth present. Buccal tube
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FB22AFA41912FB69" box="[1221,1323,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="45.4">45.4 m</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FE93AFDC1DF1FB51" box="[372,456,1239,1265]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="8.3">8.3 m</quantity>
wide (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FDFEAFDC1E09FB50" box="[537,560,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 18.3). Stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube at 80 % of its length (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FE84AFF41D43FAB8" box="[355,378,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 80). The pharyngeal bulb (
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FD37AFF41F0DFAB9" box="[720,820,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.63" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="46.3">46.3 m</quantity>
<date id="9A41104D9668FF91FCDBAFF41F56FAB9" box="[828,879,1279,1305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" value="1932-10">
x
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FCB5AFF41F56FAB9" box="[850,879,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="32.0">32</quantity>
</date>
m) has pharyngeal apophyses, three rod­shaped macroplacoids and microplacoid. First macroplacoid
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FBEFAE2C1866FAE1" box="[1032,1119,1319,1345]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="7.4">7.4 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FB49AE2C18FCFAE0" box="[1198,1221,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 16.3), second
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FE81AE441DF8FAC9" box="[358,449,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="6.1">6.1 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FE30AE441DD7FAC8" box="[471,494,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 13.4), third, with a preterminal narrowing,
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FBD4AE4418B4FAC9" box="[1075,1165,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="7.3">7.3 m</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FB43AE441882FAC8" box="[1188,1211,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 16.1), microplacoid
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FE57AE7C1E33FA31" box="[432,522,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="5.2">5.2 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FD85AE7C1E40FA30" box="[610,633,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 11.4); entire placoid row
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FC04AE7C1875FA31" box="[995,1100,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="27.7">27.7 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FB43AE7C1882FA30" box="[1188,1211,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 61.0), macroplacoid row
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FE04AE941E7FFA19" box="[483,582,1439,1465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="21.8">21.8 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FD74AE941E93FA18" box="[659,682,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 48.0).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF91FEDFAECC1FBDF921" blockId="10.[264,1324,639,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
The claws, of the
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FDF1AECC1EBDFA40" box="[534,644,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">hufelandi</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FD68AECC1EFDFA41" box="[655,708,1479,1505]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
, are short with accessory points on main branches (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089668FF91FEF6AEE41D6EF9A9" box="[273,343,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,470,1564]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus sicheli sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). External claws of third pair of legs
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FCD6AEE41FBEF9A9" box="[817,903,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="9.5">9.5 m</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9668FF91FC32AEE41FD5F9A8" box="[981,1004,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">pt</emphasis>
= 20.9). The unfavourable orientation does not allow measurement of other claws; in
<tableCitation id="A37D03369668FF91FC5FAD1C1836F991" box="[952,1039,1559,1585]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
the length of claws of a
<typeStatus id="3144882F9668FF91FEEFAD341D54F9F9" box="[264,365,1599,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FE91AD341DEDF9F9" box="[374,468,1599,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
long is indicated. Smooth lunules are present; a cuticular thickening is present near the lunules on the first three pairs of legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9668FF90FEDFAD841823FE0E" blockId="10.[264,1324,639,1905]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
The eggs (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089668FF91FE56AD841DCEF909" box="[433,503,1679,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,470,1564]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus sicheli sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D, E), freely laid, are spherical with trunco­conical processes with the extremity divided (the division may be dichotomic or multiple); the diameter is
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FB29ADBC1D09F959" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.575" metricValueMax="8.55" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="75.75" valueMax="85.5" valueMin="66.0">66–85.5 m</quantity>
excluding the processes,
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FD90ADD41ECAF959" box="[631,755,1759,1785]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="88.5" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="82.0">82–95 m</quantity>
including them. The processes,
<quantity id="29079B689668FF91FB69ADD418C0F959" box="[1166,1273,1759,1785]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="15.0">15–23 in</quantity>
the circumference, have a large basal portion and a narrower terminal portion divided twice or thrice (more rarely once) at the apex; the branches are therefore short, and the terminal branches very short (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089668FF91FDEBAC5C1E6EF8D1" box="[524,599,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,470,1564]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus sicheli sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Process surface smooth without refracting areas. The processes in the largest measured egg are
<quantity id="29079B689669FF90FD11AA171F42FE96" box="[758,891,284,310]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="7.15" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="6.5">6.5–7.8 m</quantity>
high, the basal diameter in the same egg is
<quantity id="29079B689669FF90FEB0AA4F1DD7FEFE" box="[343,494,324,350]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="0.79" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="10.05" valueMax="12.2" valueMin="7.9">7.9–12.2 m</quantity>
.. The base of each process has a crown of projections forming a very evident crown of dots. The egg shell is dotted; some dots may be contiguous to one another and form a trace of an irregular reticular design (
<figureCitation id="76C42A089669FF90FC4DAA9F1FC9FE0E" box="[938,1008,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,470,1564]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus sicheli sp. nov.: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BA8066059669FF90FEEFAD3C1FF2F933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273294/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[264,1316,473,1553]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="EE40368D9669FF90FEEFAD3C1FF2F933" blockId="11.[264,1323,1591,1683]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9669FF90FEEFAD3C1DB3F9EF" bold="true" box="[264,394,1591,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9669FF90FE75AD331E55F9EF" box="[402,620,1592,1615]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9669FF90FE75AD331E55F9EF" box="[402,620,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Macrobiotus sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49669FF90FD94AD3C1EF3F9EE" box="[627,714,1591,1614]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, buccopharyngeal apparatus of the holotype; B, claws of the third pair of legs; C, cuticular dots, and claws of the fourth pair of legs of the holotype; D, egg; E, detail of the egg shell ornamentation. (Scale bar = 10 m)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9669FF90FEDFADCC1ED9F8A9" blockId="11.[264,1323,1735,1881]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
Etymology. The name
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9669FF90FDA1ADC31EAAF941" box="[582,659,1736,1761]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9669FF90FDA1ADC31EAAF941" box="[582,659,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in honour of Prof. Giovanni Sichel, cellular biologist of University of Catania and our friend.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D9669FF97FEDFAC1C1858FE5E" blockId="11.[264,1323,1735,1881]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1323,284,1230]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
Remarks.
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9669FF90FE51AC131E9FF891" box="[438,678,1816,1841]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9669FF90FE51AC131E9FF891" box="[438,678,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">Macrobiotus sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E49669FF90FD53AC1C1F2FF891" box="[692,790,1815,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E9669FF90FC21AC13186BF891" box="[966,1106,1816,1841]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F9669FF90FC21AC13186BF891" box="[966,1106,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following features: cuticle finely dotted; wider buccal tube (
<tableCitation id="A37D03369669FF90FCB3AC341F94F8F9" box="[852,941,1855,1881]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube in a more caudal position (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FD3DAA171EC9FE95" box="[730,752,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">pt</emphasis>
= 79.3–80.0 in
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FC49AA17181DFE95" box="[942,1060,284,309]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FC49AA17181DFE95" box="[942,1060,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M. sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FBCBAA1718B2FE96" box="[1068,1163,284,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<quantity id="29079B68966EFF97FB7FAA171912FE96" box="[1176,1323,284,310]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94691" metricValueMax="1.9583399999999997" metricValueMin="1.93548" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="76.65" valueMax="77.1" valueMin="76.2">76.2–77.1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FEEFAA4F1DB5FEFD" box="[264,396,324,349]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="furciger">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FEEFAA4F1DB5FEFD" box="[264,396,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M. furciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); third macroplacoid about long as the first one (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966EFF97FC2CAA4F181AFEFE" box="[971,1059,324,350]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); claws shorter (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966EFF97FB0FAA4F1D2FFE26" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); accessory points less developed; and in some characters of the egg (smaller dimensions; processes shorter, without refracting areas, divided only in the terminal portion and therefore with branches shorter; basal crown of projections more evident; egg shell with more evident dots but without a true, regular, reticular design).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D966EFF97FEDFA9071E17FCC6" blockId="12.[264,1323,284,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">
The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FD40A9071F12FD85" box="[679,811,524,550]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FD40A9071E86FD85" box="[679,703,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FD36A9071F12FD85" box="[721,811,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FCD1A9071FADFD86" box="[822,916,524,550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the following features: cuticle finely dotted; buccal armature with anterior band of teeth present; posterior crown of teeth more developed; wider buccal tube (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966EFF97FD55A9571F30FDD6" box="[690,777,604,630]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube in more caudal position (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FDFBA98F1E0AFD3D" box="[540,563,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">pt</emphasis>
= 79.3–80.0 in
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FD17A98F1F5FFD3D" box="[752,870,644,670]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FD17A98F1F31FD3D" box="[752,776,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FCFEA98F1F5FFD3D" box="[793,870,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FC89A98F1FF4FD3E" box="[878,973,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 72.0–
<quantity id="29079B68966EFF97FBFDA98F184CFD3E" box="[1050,1141,644,670]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8491199999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="72.8">72.8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FB99A98F1939FD3D" box="[1150,1280,644,670]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aradasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FB99A98F18AFFD3D" box="[1150,1174,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FB40A98F1939FD3D" box="[1191,1280,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">aradasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FAEEA98F1D07FD66" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); microplacoid slightly longer (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966EFF97FD4CA9A71F38FD66" box="[683,769,684,710]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
), claws shorter (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966EFF97FC23A9A71823FD66" box="[964,1050,684,710]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
) with accessory points less developed; and in some characters of the eggs (egg processes divided only in the terminal portion and therefore with branches clearly shorter; basal projections forming a more evident basal crown of dots; egg shell with more evident dots but without a true, regular, reticular design).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE40368D966EFF97FEDFA87F181BFB6E" blockId="12.[264,1323,284,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FEDFA87F1E11FC2D" box="[312,552,884,909]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FEDFA87F1E11FC2D" box="[312,552,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">Macrobiotus sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FDD2A87F1EAEFC2E" box="[565,663,884,910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FCA2A87F1FDCFC2D" box="[837,997,884,909]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FCA2A87F1FDCFC2D" box="[837,997,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M. divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FC14A87F186DFC2E" box="[1011,1108,884,910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the following features: cuticle finely dotted; eyes present; stylet sheaths normally shaped,
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FB73A8971886FC15" box="[1172,1215,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">i.e.,</emphasis>
not very thick and with the caudal portion not diverging from the buccal tube walls; stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube in a more caudal position (
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FC66A8E71FA1FBA5" box="[897,920,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">pt</emphasis>
= 79.3–80.0 in
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FBA8A8E718FBFBA5" box="[1103,1218,1004,1030]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="sicheli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FBA8A8E7185EFBA5" box="[1103,1127,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FB92A8E718FBFBA5" box="[1141,1218,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">sicheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FB2EA8E7191FFBA6" box="[1225,1318,1004,1030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<quantity id="29079B68966EFF97FEEFAF1F1DA2FB8E" box="[264,411,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93548" metricValueMax="1.9685" metricValueMin="1.90246" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="76.2" valueMax="77.5" valueMin="74.9">74.9–77.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="29FF4D0E966EFF97FE43AF1F1E07FB8D" box="[420,574,1044,1070]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="divergens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FE43AF1F1D85FB8D" box="[420,444,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="DC8BEA9F966EFF97FE29AF1F1E07FB8D" box="[462,574,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="67">divergens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7B857E4966EFF97FDAFAF1F1E90FB8E" box="[584,681,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); microplacoid more developed (
<tableCitation id="A37D0336966EFF97FBD3AF1F18B7FB8E" box="[1076,1166,1044,1070]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,643,667]" captionTargetBox="[264,1294,814,1896]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Dimensions of some structures of the smallest and the largest measured specimens of Macrobiotus furciger, M. aradasi sp. nov., M. divergens sp. nov. and M. sicheli sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62" pageId="12" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="BA8066059661FF98FEEFA9881890FD62">Table 1</tableCitation>
); claws with accessory points less developed; and in some characters of the eggs (processes more developed, divided only in the terminal portion and therefore with branches shorter; basal projections more developed and forming a more evident crown of basal dots; egg shell with more evident dots but without a true, regular, reticular design).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

116
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<paragraph pageNumber="652">
<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="227" title="Mahernia verticillata" volumeTitle="Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2" year="1767">
<treatmentCitation author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="227" year="1767">
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Mahernia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="652">Mahernia verticillata</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle>
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="652">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
, ed. 12, 2
</volumeTitle>
: 227;
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="652">
<volumeTitle>Mantissa Plantarum</volumeTitle>
</emphasis>
: 59. 1767
</treatmentCitation>
</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="652" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="652">&quot;Habitat ad Cap. b. spei.&quot; RCN: 2259.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="652" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="652">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611895533" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="854.17" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus>Neotype</typeStatus>
(de Winter in
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="652">Bothalia</emphasis>
11: 264. 1974): Herb. Linn. No. 854.17 (
<collectionCode>LINN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="652" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="652">
<typeStatus>Generitype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Mahernia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="652">Mahernia</emphasis>
Linnaeus.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="652" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="652">
Current name:
<taxonomicName authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hermannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="652">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="652">Hermannia pinnata</emphasis>
</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sterculiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sterculiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="652" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageNumber="652">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="652">Note:</emphasis>
Winter wrongly referred to the LINN sheet as the
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
but as it is annotated only by Linnaeus filius, and there is no original material for the name, this is treated as a correctable error under Art. 9.8, and accepted as a
<typeStatus>neotype</typeStatus>
. Jarvis &amp; al. (
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="652">Regnum Veg.</emphasis>
127: 63. 1993) wrongly gave the sheet number as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“634.17”">&quot;634.17&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
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99
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<taxonomicName id="BB982BC477F382A0D3B528FD44A60B0A" ID-CoL="628P9" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tenrecinae">Tenrecinae Gray 1821</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA415E964E8DC0553071ECB73908147D" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitation id="32E95060E38D52BB09CB9B304C225326" author="Gray" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" journal="London Med. Repos. Rec." kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" page="301" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tenrecinae" title="Tenrecinae" volume="15" year="1821">
<taxonomicName id="823C15EC3150971162A71741764485AE" ID-CoL="628P9" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tenrecinae">
Tenrecinae
<bibRefCitation id="FBD61B79F38A83F18B9D4553CE4273DD" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127912" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (1): 296 - 310." year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="C66BE2C20EA37849140C479E619F060D" author="Gray" journal="London Med. Repos. Rec." pageNumber="76" pagination="301" title="Tenrecinae" volume="15" year="1821">London Med. Repos. Rec., 15: 301</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB2DD05E1EABF5BDEC66DEDCB40F4B91" pageNumber="76" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="6F60990F0D27FF0C92CF1EE01D075F55" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="6455266DD27C43B9464B7DA9B9864767" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="76">Genera:</emphasis>
4 genera with 5 species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1FA8A9C106E7C670AD3E2AC95F0EA69" pageNumber="76">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="A0E88AEC58B5866627C9A28770F8070A" authority="Martin 1838" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Echinops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AD532AAF5F4FD3F2D0CF95D093D87905" italics="true" pageNumber="76">Echinops</emphasis>
Martin 1838
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EE7AD32310C7C21FA6B1B9B913BC08C" pageNumber="76">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="21F62062EF46616BB648099130C57B77" authority="Mivart 1871" authorityName="Mivart" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Hemicentetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8D6AFF3CE68E24E136A045252F18C9AB" italics="true" pageNumber="76">Hemicentetes</emphasis>
Mivart 1871
</taxonomicName>
(2 species)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6116F9FAD21670165B37ED8709B2F13" pageNumber="76">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="CECC4D3511AE453B37B0D86502C1E188" authority="Froriep 1806" authorityName="Froriep" authorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Setifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D432B181AE211FB991DF3B5CEBFCAE90" italics="true" pageNumber="76">Setifer</emphasis>
Froriep 1806
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC8747EFB46AA46032D48D1DD71E3E7A" pageNumber="76">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="A002F21D026BC5686E23A27C1AD540D3" authority="Lacépède 1799" authorityName="Lacépède" authorityYear="1799" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Tenrec" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3CF4DD3FD16B2F4A4E76D6B0CFD15D01" italics="true" pageNumber="76">Tenrec</emphasis>
Lacépède 1799
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>