diff --git a/data/03/8D/C6/038DC63DFF9CFFFE2C16F931FAD5D9D4.xml b/data/03/8D/C6/038DC63DFF9CFFFE2C16F931FAD5D9D4.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4479f629be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/8D/C6/038DC63DFF9CFFFE2C16F931FAD5D9D4.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+
+
+
+Description of Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae) larvae from the Jaguaribe River estuary, Itamaracá island, Northeastern Brazil
+
+
+
+Author
+
+França, Elton J.
+Laboratório de Ictiologia (DEPAq-UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros - s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171 - 900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
+ejfranca@hotmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Severi, William
+Laboratório de Ictiologia (DEPAq-UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros - s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171 - 900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
+wseveri@depaq.ufrpe.br
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Castro, Maviael F.
+Laboratório de Ictiologia (DEPAq-UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros - s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171 - 900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Medeiros, Tatiane N.
+Laboratório de Ictiologia (DEPAq-UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros - s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171 - 900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+El-Deir, Ana Carla A.
+Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (UFPB), Cidade Universitária Campus I, 58059 - 900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
+anacarla@db.ufrpe.br
+
+text
+
+
+Neotropical Ichthyology
+
+
+2007
+
+2007-09-30
+
+
+5
+
+
+3
+
+
+369
+374
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252007000300016
+
+journal article
+310136
+10.1590/s1679-62252007000300016
+48d42ad8-d3b1-4ebd-b96a-6c970180a21e
+1982-0224
+15576958
+
+
+
+
+Table 1
+displays the amplitude and size ranges of body proportions of
+
+
+
+
+
+Atherinella brasiliensis
+
+
+
+
+
+larvae and juveniles.
+Table 2
+displays the meristic counts for selected specimens.
+
+A. brasiliensis
+
+larvae hatch at sizes smaller than
+1.4 mm
+SL. The only specimen analyzed at this size was in the preflexion stage. The specimen could not be depicted or measured due to its distorted state, but its taxonomical status was determined by the typical pattern of head pigmentation (see below). Thus, the exact size of yolk-sac larvae could not be determined.
+
+
+The preflexion stage, which lasts until the beginning of notochord flexion and formation of the hypural bones, varied from
+2.3 to 4.7 mm
+SL (n=62, mean=3.5±
+0.59 mm
+).At this stage, larvae are nearly completely enveloped by an embryonic membrane (finfold) along the midline of the body, which begins precisely behind the head. The pectoral fin buds (P 1) are the first to form and are located in a high lateral position on the body just behind the head (
+Fig. 1a
+). The larva has four characteristic dendritic chromatophores on the head – two placed anterolaterally, a third more posteriorly along the midline, forming a triangle, followed by a fourth placed further posteriorly – and pigmentation along the whole median portion of the ventral region (
+Figs. 1b and c
+). The number of chromatophores along the midventral line varies between 22 and 28. The caudal fin (C) supporting elements are first noticed at this stage and it is also possible to identify the position where the second dorsal (D 2) and anal fins will form. The total number of myomeres is 34, but pre and postanal myomeres are not clearly distinguished due to early development of rays. The body is elongate (14.2 to 16.1%), the head is small (18.2 to 19.9%), and the eye is large (42.2 to 53.0%).
+
+
+The flexion stage ranges from
+4.4 to 6.8 mm
+SL (n=14, mean=5.7±
+0.71 mm
+) and is characterized by the flexion of the notochord tip. With an average size of
+4.7 mm
+SL (
+Fig. 1d
+), the larva exhibits a finfold enveloping the second dorsal and anal fins, where pterygiophores can be seen. However, the rays are almost completely formed in both fins only at
+6.4 mm
+SL (
+Fig. 1e
+), when larvae no longer have an evident embryonic membrane. At this size, the mouth assumes a slightly upwardly inclined terminal position. The chromatophore count varies from 29 to 30 on the midventral line. The total number of myomeres is 34 (16-17 preanal, 17-18 postanal). At this stage, the body varies from very elongate to elongate (9.8 to 15.1%), the head is moderate (20.0 to 22.9%), and the eye is large (34.9 to 50.0%).
+
+
+In the postflexion stage, larval size varied from
+7.4 to 11.8 mm
+SL (n=12, mean=9.0±1.7). The larva exhibits ossification of the second dorsal and anal fin rays. It also has pelvic fin (P 2) buds (
+Fig. 1f
+) located anterior to the anus. Intensification of head (
+
+Fig.
+1g
+
+) and lateral body pigmentation is observed and is probably related to the formation of the silvery line. At approximately 12.0 mm SL, all fins are completely formed and the first dorsal (D 1), which is the last to ossify, is located in a position slightly posterior to the anal fin insertion (
+Fig. 1h
+). The number of chromatophores along the midventral line varies from 30 to 33, but these may be fused into a single line in some individuals at this stage. The myomeres are still visible and vary from 33 to 35, with 16 to 17 preanal and 17 to 18 postanal. The body varies from very elongate to elongate (9.6 to 16.1%), the head is moderate (23.4 to 25.4%), and the eye is large (33.3 to 40.3%).
+
+
+
+Fig. 1.
+Larval, transforming larval, and juvenile
+
+Atherinella brasiliensis
+:
+
+3.5mm preflexion larva in lateral (
+a
+), ventral (
+b
+) and dorsal (
+c
+) views; (
+d
+) 4.7 mm larva at the beginning of flexion stage; (
+e
+) 6.4 mm at the end of flexion larva; (
+f
+) 8.8 mm postflexion larva; (
+g
+) head view of a 12 mm transforming larva; (
+h
+) 12 mm transforming larva; and (
+i
+) 15 mm juvenile. Scale bar = 1 mm.
+
+
+
+The juvenile period in
+
+Atherinella brasiliensis
+
+may begin at approximately
+12 mm
+SL, but sizes ranged from 11.6 to 77.0 mm (n=14, mean=36.1±24.3). The anal fin is located at the median portion of the body, slightly behind the first dorsal fin. The posterior margin of the pectorals surpasses the origin of the pelvic fins, which are located at the midpoint between the insertion of the pectoral and anal fins. Scales can be seen in the dorsal-lateral region near the head in individuals above 13.00 mm SL. Lateral pigmentation is more intense and the formation of two longitudinal rows of chromatophores can be seen. The two rows begin precisely behind the insertion of the anal fin and extend to the caudal peduncle (
+Fig. 1i
+). Midventral line chromatophores are fused into a single line.
+
+
+
+Table 1.
+Morphometrics of preflexion, flexion, postflexion stages and juveniles of
+
+Atherinella brasiliensis
+
+(expressed as percent of SL, except for ED, expressed as percent of HL). Mean ± SD is given when sample size n>1. Dashed lines differentiate preflexion (1), flexion (2), postflexion (3) stages and juveniles (4). Abbreviations: HL = head length; ED= eye diameter; BD = body depth; PAL = preanal length; PDL = predorsal length, nv = not visible; nd = not defined.
+
+
+
+
+
+| Stage/period |
+SL (mm) |
+n |
+HL |
+ED |
+BD |
+PAL |
+PDL |
+
+
+| 1 |
+2.3 – 3.0 |
+16 |
+18.52 ± 1.89 |
+53.02 ± 4.84 |
+
+16.09 ± 0.82 (n=5
+)
+ |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 3.2 – 3.5 |
+16 |
+18.15 ± 1.60 |
+49.49 ± 3.77 |
+15.42 ± 0.92 |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 3.6 – 3.9 |
+13 |
+19.87 ± 2.42 |
+42.23 ± 5.25 |
+15.71 ± 2.16 |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 4.0 – 4.7 |
+17 |
+18.25 ± 2.39 |
+47.87 ± 5.58 |
+14.20 ± 2.12 |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 2 |
+4.4 – 4.6 |
+2 |
+20.01 ± 0.63 |
+50.00 ± 7.86 |
+nd |
+nd |
+58.89 ± 0.28 |
+
+
+| 5.1 – 5.7 |
+5 |
+22.92 ± 2.29 |
+36.27 ± 1.95 |
+14.18 ± 4.13 |
+54.81 ± 1.54 |
+69.40 ± 2.33 |
+
+
+| 6.0 – 6.5 |
+6 |
+20.68 ± 0.60 |
+34.92 ± 4.80 |
+15.12 ± 1.67 |
+54.75 ± 3.63 |
+69.94 ± 2.35 |
+
+
+| 6.8 |
+1 |
+22.79 |
+38.71 |
+9.82 |
+55.88 |
+58.82 |
+
+
+| 3 |
+7.4 – 8 |
+4 |
+24.47 ± 2.66 |
+39.58 ± 3.58 |
+9.64 ± 3.10 |
+nd |
+nd |
+
+
+| 8.2 – 9 |
+5 |
+25.30 ± 3.08 |
+40.30 ± 7.07 |
+11.22 ± 1.04 |
+60.34 ± 0.86 |
+72.22 ± 1.20 |
+
+
+| 9.4 |
+1 |
+23.40 |
+36.36 |
+11.70 |
+57.45 |
+69.15 |
+
+
+| 11.2 |
+1 |
+25 |
+35.71 |
+16.06 |
+57.14 |
+71.43 |
+
+
+| 11.8 |
+1 |
+25.42 |
+33.33 |
+15.25 |
+58.47 |
+71.19 |
+
+
+| 4 |
+11.6 |
+1 |
+24.14 |
+35.71 |
+17.24 |
+55.17 |
+68.97 |
+
+
+| 12 |
+3 |
+23.89 |
+33.12 |
+13.33 |
+55.28 |
+69.72 |
+
+
+| 13 |
+1 |
+23.08 |
+30.00 |
+11.54 |
+53.85 |
+66.92 |
+
+
+| 14.20 |
+1 |
+23.94 |
+41.18 |
+12.68 |
+56.34 |
+53.52 |
+
+
+| 34 – 39 |
+2 |
+24.59 ± 1.49 |
+30.63 ± 0.88 |
+16.13 ± 0.76 |
+57.30 ± 4.91 |
+73.54 ± 3.34 |
+
+
+| 41 – 48 |
+2 |
+24.82 ± 0.26 |
+31.49 ± 4.47 |
+16.87 ± 0.29 |
+58.71 ± 3.00 |
+76.54 ± 2.67 |
+
+
+| 55 |
+1 |
+24.36 |
+29.10 |
+18.00 |
+60.91 |
+76.73 |
+
+
+| 65 |
+1 |
+23.54 |
+29.41 |
+18.62 |
+61.85 |
+76.62 |
+
+
+| 72 |
+1 |
+23.89 |
+27.33 |
+18.75 |
+65.83 |
+76.81 |
+
+
+| 77 |
+1 |
+21.69 |
+27.54 |
+16.49 |
+61.04 |
+77.53 |
+
+
+
+
+
+Table 2.
+Meristic counts of preflexion, flexion, postflexion stages and juveniles of
+
+Atherinella brasiliensis
+
+. Numbers in bold indicate the SL at which a full complement of rays and total vertebrae number is first attained. Dashed lines differentiate preflexion (1), flexion (2), postflexion (3) stages and juveniles (4). Abbreviations: D = dorsal; A = anal; P 1 = pectoral; P 2 = pelvic; C = caudal, nv = not visible.
+
+
+
+
+
+| Stage/ Period |
+SL (mm) |
+Fin rays |
+Vertebrae |
+
+
+| D |
+A |
+P1 |
+P2 |
+C |
+Precaudal |
+Caudal |
+Preurals+urostyle |
+
+
+| 1st |
+2nd |
+
+
+| 1 |
+4.2 |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+base |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 4.5 |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+base |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 4.7 |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+base |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 2 |
+5.3 |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+base |
+nv |
+base |
+nv |
+nv |
+nv |
+
+
+| 7.0 |
+nv |
+7 |
+14 |
+6 |
+base |
+3+9+8+3 |
+
+17
+ |
+
+18
+ |
+
+2+1
+ |
+
+
+| 3 |
+8.2 |
+nv |
+8 |
+15 |
+7 |
+4 |
+5+9+8+5 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 9.5 |
+nv |
+8 |
+17 |
+7 |
+4 |
+5+9+8+5 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 10 |
+nv |
+
+9
+ |
+19 |
+10 |
+
+6
+ |
+7+9+8+8 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 11 |
+2 |
+9 |
+19 |
+12 |
+6 |
+7+9+8+8 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 11.3 |
+2 |
+9 |
+19 |
+12 |
+6 |
+7+9+8+8 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 11.5 |
+2 |
+9 |
+19 |
+12 |
+6 |
+
+8+9+8+9
+ |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 11.8 |
+2 |
+9 |
+19 |
+12 |
+6 |
+8+9+8+9 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 4 |
+11.6 |
+2 |
+9 |
+19 |
+12 |
+6 |
+8+9+8+9 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 12 |
+
+3
+ |
+9 |
+19 |
+
+13
+ |
+6 |
+8+9+8+9 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 12.4 |
+3 |
+9 |
+19 |
+13 |
+6 |
+8+9+8+9 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 13.5 |
+3 |
+9 |
+19 |
+13 |
+6 |
+8+9+8+9 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+| 15.8 |
+3 |
+9 |
+
+20
+ |
+13 |
+6 |
+8+9+8+9 |
+17 |
+18 |
+2+1 |
+
+
+
+
+All larval stages and juveniles exhibit 25 to 30 chromatophores along the midlateral line. The first appearance of fin rays in
+
+Atherinella brasiliensis
+
+follows the sequence P 1 →C→D 2, A→P 2 →D 1. A definitive number of vertebrae is attained at 7.0 mm SL, at the end of the flexion stage (
+Table 2
+). Total number of fin elements is first recorded as follows: D 2 and P 2 at
+10 mm
+(post-flexion), C at
+11.5 mm
+(post-flexion), D 1 and P 1 at
+12 mm
+, and A at
+15.8 mm
+(juvenile) (
+Table 2
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/8E/87/038E87F0FF98FFF6FF71F270A5CD2E4E.xml b/data/03/8E/87/038E87F0FF98FFF6FF71F270A5CD2E4E.xml
index 5702fb7b8ce..1c049eb33bb 100644
--- a/data/03/8E/87/038E87F0FF98FFF6FF71F270A5CD2E4E.xml
+++ b/data/03/8E/87/038E87F0FF98FFF6FF71F270A5CD2E4E.xml
@@ -1,43 +1,43 @@
-
-
-
-Description of a new species of the genus Indopadilla Caleb & Sankaran, 2019 from Vietnam (Araneae: Salticidae)
+
+
+
+Description of a new species of the genus Indopadilla Caleb & Sankaran, 2019 from Vietnam (Araneae: Salticidae)
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Hoang, Quang Duy
+Hoang, Quang Duy
-text
-
-
-Zootaxa
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
-
-2025
-
-2025-05-20
+
+2025
+
+2025-05-20
-
-5637
+
+5637
-
-1
+
+1
-
-190
-194
+
+190
+194
-
-https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.1.12
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.1.12
-journal article
-10.11646/zootaxa.5637.1.12
-1175-5326
-15561888
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5637.1.12
+1175-5326
+15561888
@@ -60,13 +60,15 @@
Type material.
-
+
Holotype
:
♂
-(VNMN-ARA-SAL-647),
+(
+VNMN-ARA-SAL-647
+),
VIETNAM
:
@@ -76,8 +78,10 @@ Type material.
:
Lak Dist.
-, Buon Tria Comm.,
-Nam Kar Natural Reserve
+,
+Buon Tria Comm.
+,
+Nam Kar Natural Reserve
,
12.3933°N
,
@@ -93,17 +97,20 @@ Type material.
, leg.
Q.D. Hoang.
+
Paratypes
:
1♀
-(VNMN-ARA- SAL-646),
-
+(
+VNMN-ARA-SAL-646
+),
1♂
-(VNMN-ARA-SAL-647.1), same data as for holotype
+(
+VNMN-ARA-SAL-647.1
+), same data as for holotype.
-.
@@ -240,17 +247,13 @@ Palp (
Female
(
Figs 6–9
-):
-
-Measurements: Total length 6.62; Carapace length 2.83, width 2.24; Abdomen length 3.79, width 1.57. Width of eye rows: anterior eye row 1.71; posterior medial eye row 1.47; posterior lateral eye row 1.63. Distance between
+): Measurements: Total length 6.62; Carapace length 2.83, width 2.24; Abdomen length 3.79, width 1.57. Width of eye rows: anterior eye row 1.71; posterior medial eye row 1.47; posterior lateral eye row 1.63. Distance between
ALE
–
PME
0.54;
ALE
-–
-PLE 1.09
-. Diameter of eyes:
+–PLE 1.09. Diameter of eyes:
AME
0.67;
ALE
@@ -264,9 +267,7 @@ Measurements: Total length 6.62; Carapace length 2.83, width 2.24; Abdomen lengt
holotype
. Length of leg segments: I 1.71 + 1.10 + 1.39 + 1.20 + 0.53 (5.93); II 1.34 + 0.88 + 0.96 + 0.93 + 0.43 (4.54); III 1.27 + 0.75 + 0.58 + 0.97 + 0.40 (3.97); IV 1.80 + 0.81 + 1.28 + 1.45 + 0.53 (5.87). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. Habitus almost similar to that of
holotype
-, except leg I lighter
-
-.
+, except leg I lighter.
Epigyne (
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ The genetic analysis using a COI dataset of 420 bp from six
species
is documented in
-Table 2
+Table 2
. Interspecific genetic distance (K2P model) ranged from 7.27% to 13.91%. The highest interspecies genetic distance was observed between
I. namkarensis
diff --git a/data/03/A7/C9/03A7C94AFF8FB31EFF71F97471B5897D.xml b/data/03/A7/C9/03A7C94AFF8FB31EFF71F97471B5897D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9492d99772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/A7/C9/03A7C94AFF8FB31EFF71F97471B5897D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1602 @@
+
+
+
+A new species and a new record of the genus Eupoecilia Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Tortricinae) in Japan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Suzuki, Shinya
+Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jinbo, Utsugi
+National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005 Japan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Yagi, Sadahisa
+0000-0002-4261-1219
+Insect Science and Creative Entomology Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395, Japan * Corresponding author
+yagi.sadahisa@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hirowatari, Toshiya
+Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan & Insect Science and Creative Entomology Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395, Japan * Corresponding author
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2025
+
+2025-05-20
+
+
+5637
+
+
+1
+
+
+155
+166
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.1.7
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5637.1.7
+1175-5326
+15562183
+36C31BB2-57B2-4375-A66D-613CD3B8D7AA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+Suzuki and Jinbo
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+[Japanese name: Yanbaru-hoso-hamaki]
+
+
+urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+EA26273A-8BF1-42F6-9BA3-DCBA877D8B3D
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 1C–E
+,
+2D–H
+,
+3C
+)
+
+
+
+
+Type material
+.
+
+Holotype
+. [
+JAPAN
+]
+♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Okinawa-Island
+,
+Higashi-Son
+,
+Takae
+,
+26.701°N
+,
+128.242°E
+,
+
+1.x.2021
+
+,
+S. Tomura
+leg., genitalia slide no. Shinya Suzuki 2024-45, coll.
+ELKU
+
+.
+
+Paratypes
+. [
+JAPAN
+]
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Benoki
+,
+26.803°N
+,
+128.269°E
+,
+
+27.v.2013
+
+.
+U. Jinbo
+leg., coll.
+NSMT
+, collection no.
+NSMT-I-L-37312
+
+;
+
+2♂
+1♀
+Same locality,
+
+27.v.2013
+
+,
+U. Jinbo
+leg., genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2023-33(♂), genitalia slide No. Shinya
+Suzuki 2019
+-14(♀),
+NSMT
+, collection no.
+NSMT-I-L-37309
+
+;
+
+same data as for preceding
+NSMT
+
+,
+
+collection no. NSMT-I-L-37310; same data as for preceding
+NSMT
+, collection no.
+NSMT-I-L-37311
+
+;
+
+1♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Hiji
+,
+
+26.iii.2002
+
+,
+Y. Nasu
+leg., coll.
+NSMT
+, collection no.
+NSMT
+
+;
+
+1♀
+, same locality,
+
+3.iii.2015
+
+.
+S. Yagi
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Ookuni Rindou
+,
+26.731°N
+,
+128.221°E
+,
+
+2. vii. 2009
+
+U. Jinbo
+leg., coll.
+NSMT
+, collection no.
+NSMT-I-L-35324
+
+;
+
+2♂
+2♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Ookuni Rindou
+,
+
+26- 27.v.2000
+
+,
+T. Mano
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♀
+, Same locality,
+
+10.v.2016
+
+,
+T. Mano
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Ookuni Rindou
+,
+
+18.x.2023
+
+,
+S. Arai
+leg.,
+26.7044°N
+,
+128.1972°E
+, coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+2♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Okuyona Rindou
+,
+
+12.v.2016
+
+,
+T. Mano
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Okuyona Rindou
+,
+
+18.x.2023
+
+,
+S. Arai
+leg.,
+26.775°N
+,
+128.2583°E
+, coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Okuma
+,
+Mt. Yonaha
+,
+
+30.v.2015
+
+,
+S. Yagi
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Hentona
+,
+
+22.iii.2002
+
+,
+Y. Nasu
+leg., coll.
+YNC
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Uka
+,
+
+26.iii.2021
+
+,
+S. Yagi
+,
+J. Oku
+,
+H. K. Kim
+,
+S. Tomura
+,
+K. Goto
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Hentona
+,
+
+22.iii.2002
+
+,
+Y. Nasu
+leg., coll.
+YNC
+
+;
+
+1♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Fungawa dam
+,
+
+29.v.2021
+
+,
+T. Mano
+leg., GenBank accession number
+PQ882479
+, coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Aha
+,
+
+11.v.2016
+
+,
+T. Mano
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♀
+, same locality,
+
+1.xi.2021
+
+,
+T. Mano
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Japan
+:
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Okinawa-Island
+,
+Kunigami-son
+,
+Ada
+,
+Mt. Terukubi
+,
+26.768679°N
+,
+128.263525°E
+;
+
+17. iii. 2017
+
+,
+S. Yagi
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Higashi-son
+,
+Takae
+,
+26.701°N
+,
+128.242°E
+,
+
+1.x.2021
+
+,
+K. Goto
+,
+S. Tomura
+,
+S. Yasukawa
+leg., genitalia slide no. Shinya Suzuki 2023- 50, GenBank accession number
+PQ882480
+, coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+6♂
+, same locality,
+
+1.x.2021
+
+,
+S. Tomura
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♀
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Motob-cyou
+,
+Mt. Oppadake
+,
+
+28.v.2013
+
+,
+U. Jinbo
+leg.,
+26.640°N
+,
+128.021°E
+, coll.
+NSMT
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Nago-shi
+,
+Taira
+,
+
+6.v.2023
+
+,
+T. Mano
+leg., coll.
+ELKU
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Okinawa Pref.
+,
+Nago-shi
+,
+Mt. Hitotsudake
+,
+
+17.x.2023
+
+,
+S. Arai
+leg.,
+26.5752°N
+,
+128.1027°E
+, coll.
+ELKU
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+is identified by the following characteristics: median part of the median fascia of the forewing is light ocherous, costal and dorsal 1/6 of the median fascia margined by brownish shade, apical part of the sacculus of the male genitalia protrudes upward from the valva; right side of posterior 2/5 of the ductus bursae of the female genitalia has large sclerotized plate.
+
+
+This species is similar in appearance to four species,
+
+E. neurosoma
+(Meyrick, 1938)
+
+,
+
+E
+.
+wegneri
+(Diakonoff, 1941)
+
+,
+
+E
+.
+taneces
+(
+Diakonoff, 1973
+)
+
+, and
+
+E
+.
+quinaspinalis
+Zhang and Li, 2008
+
+; each of these species is characterized by forewing markings and the presence of several strong cornuti on the basal part of the vesica of the male genitalia (
+Figs 1C–D
+,
+2F–H
+; see also
+Razowski 1968
+;
+Diakonoff 1973
+,
+1984
+;
+Zhang & Li 2008
+).
+
+E. yanbaruana
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+differs from these four species in that the cornuti are represented by strong thorns of varying sizes basally fused with one another.
+
+E
+.
+neurosoma
+
+,
+
+E
+.
+wegneri
+
+, and
+
+E
+.
+taneces
+
+have several strong thorns on the vesica but they are not fused basally. In
+
+E
+.
+quinaspinalis
+
+, cortuni are represented by five strong thorns connected to a broad basal plate. This species is also similar to
+
+E. acrographa
+(Turner, 1916)
+
+from
+Australia
+. In
+
+E
+.
+yanbaruana
+
+, the median facia is light ocherous on the median part, costal and dorsal 1/6 margined by brownish shade, whereas in
+
+E
+.
+acrographa
+
+,
+the median facia is brown throughout. The genital morphology of
+
+E
+.
+acrographa
+
+has hitherto not been reported.
+
+
+
+
+
+Description
+.
+
+Adult (
+Figs. 1C–E
+). Head: Vertex and frons pale yellowish white. Antenna filiform, yellowish brown, with sparse brownish black scales. Labial palpus approximately 2 times length of diameter of eye, yellowish ochreous on outer surface, yellowish white on inner surface.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum and tegula pale yellowish white. Forewing length:
+4–7 mm
+(n=36). Forewing: costa straight, apex strongly rounded, termen oblique, dorsum strongly arched in basal portion; ground color whitish cream, scattered with pale brown scales, basal half of costa margined by brownish shade, apical half of costal margin and dorsal margin scattered with dark brown dots; median fascia narrow, median part light ocherous, costal and dorsal 1/6 dark brown, extending from basal 2/5 of costa to 1/2 of dorsum, costal 2/5 gently curved; inner spot on apical 1/3; subterminal blotch oval shaped, light ochreous; apex with a small black spot; cilia concolorous with ground color. Hindwing: costa straight; termen strongly sinuate, basal 2/5 of dorsum strongly curved subbasally; ground color pale blackish gray; cilia pale brown.
+
+Abdomen: Grayish black.
+
+
+FIGURE 3.
+Female genitalia of
+
+Eupoecilia
+spp. A
+
+,
+
+Eupoecilia koreana
+Byun and Jung, 2020
+
+, genitalia slide no. Shinya
+Suzuki 2022
+-136; B,
+ditto
+, genitalia slide no. Shinya Suzuki 2023-80; C,
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+, paratype, genitalia slide no. Shinya
+Suzuki 2019
+-14; D,
+ditto
+, part of ductus bursae, paratype, genitalia slide no. Shinya
+Suzuki 2019
+-14. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
+
+
+
+
+TABLE 2.
+Pairwise Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances in the COI barcode region among
+
+Eupoecilia
+spp.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+|
+PQ882478
+
+Eupoecilia koreana
+
+ |
+
+PQ882477
+
+Eupoecilia koreana
+
+ |
+
+JF854666.1
+
+Eupoecilia sanguisorbana
+
+ |
+
+KP253556.1
+
+Eupoecilia angustana
+
+ |
+
+GU706757.1
+
+Eupoecilia angustana
+
+ |
+
+PQ882479
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+ |
+
+PQ882480
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+ |
+
+PQ882474
+
+Eupoecilia inouei
+
+ |
+
+KX048170.1
+
+Eupoecilia ambiguella
+
+ |
+
+PQ882470
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882477
+
+Eupoecilia koreana
+
+ |
+0 |
+
+
+|
+JF854666.1
+
+Eupoecilia sanguisorbana
+
+ |
+0.07392 |
+0.0752 |
+
+
+|
+KP253556.1
+
+Eupoecilia angustana
+
+ |
+0.0821 |
+0.0814 |
+0.08749 |
+
+
+|
+GU706757.1
+
+Eupoecilia angustana
+
+ |
+0.0821 |
+0.0814 |
+0.0874 |
+0 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882479
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+ |
+0.1 |
+0.0991 |
+0.1008 |
+0.0984 |
+0.0984 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882480
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+ |
+0.1 |
+0.0991 |
+0.1008 |
+0.0984 |
+0.0984 |
+0 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882474
+
+Eupoecilia inouei
+
+ |
+0.1086 |
+0.1077 |
+0.0879 |
+0.0835 |
+0.0835 |
+0.1028 |
+0.1028 |
+
+
+|
+KX048170.1
+
+Eupoecilia ambiguella
+
+ |
+0.11 |
+0.1091 |
+0.0988 |
+0.0947 |
+0.0947 |
+0.1183 |
+0.1183 |
+0.0928 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882470
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+0.1201 |
+0.1191 |
+0.1269 |
+0.1042 |
+0.1042 |
+0.0703 |
+0.0703 |
+0.1229 |
+0.133 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882469
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+0.1181 |
+0.1171 |
+0.1249 |
+0.1022 |
+0.1022 |
+0.0685 |
+0.0685 |
+0.1209 |
+0.1309 |
+0.0015 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882468
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+0.116 |
+0.1149 |
+0.1271 |
+0.1043 |
+0.1043 |
+0.0704 |
+0.0704 |
+0.1231 |
+0.1309 |
+0.003 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882471
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+0.1181 |
+0.1171 |
+0.1249 |
+0.1022 |
+0.1022 |
+0.0685 |
+0.0685 |
+0.1209 |
+0.1309 |
+0.0015 |
+
+
+|
+ASTOR381-11
+
+Eupoecilia wegneri
+
+ |
+0.0975 |
+0.0967 |
+0.1012 |
+0.0886 |
+0.0886 |
+0.049 |
+0.04904 |
+0.09686 |
+0.1061 |
+0.0664 |
+
+
+|
+KF397120.1
+
+Eupoecilia acrographa
+
+ |
+0.1314 |
+0.1302 |
+0.1274 |
+0.1104 |
+0.1104 |
+0.0685 |
+0.0685 |
+0.1274 |
+0.1244 |
+0.09876 |
+
+
+|
+KF398158.1
+
+Eupoecilia acrographa
+
+ |
+0.1269 |
+0.1258 |
+0.1231 |
+0.1063 |
+0.1063 |
+0.0647 |
+0.0647 |
+0.1231 |
+0.1202 |
+0.0947 |
+
+
+|
+MN387676.1
+
+Eupoecilia kruegeriana
+
+ |
+0.1018 |
+0.1009 |
+0.1234 |
+0.0923 |
+0.0923 |
+0.0652 |
+0.0652 |
+0.1003 |
+0.1244 |
+0.0762 |
+
+
+|
+HQ968158.1
+
+Eugnosta sartana
+
+ |
+0.1357 |
+0.1344 |
+0.1432 |
+0.1344 |
+0.1344 |
+0.1346 |
+0.1346 |
+0.1344 |
+0.1366 |
+0.1431 |
+
+
+
+
+......continued on the next page
+
+
+
+TABLE 2.
+(Continued)
+
+
+
+
+
+|
+PQ882469
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+
+PQ882468
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+
+PQ882471
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+
+ASTOR381- 11
+
+Eupoecilia wegneri
+
+ |
+
+KF397120.1
+
+Eupoecilia acrographa
+
+ |
+
+KF398158.1
+
+Eupoecilia acrographa
+
+ |
+
+MN387676.1
+
+Eupoecilia kruegeriana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882477
+
+Eupoecilia koreana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+JF854666.1
+
+Eupoecilia sanguisorbana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+KP253556.1
+
+Eupoecilia angustana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+GU706757.1
+
+Eupoecilia angustana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882479
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882480
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882474
+
+Eupoecilia inouei
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+KX048170.1
+
+Eupoecilia ambiguella
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882470
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882469
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+
+
+|
+PQ882468
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+0.0015 |
+
+
+|
+PQ882471
+
+Eupoecilia kobeana
+
+ |
+0 |
+0.0015 |
+
+
+|
+ASTOR381-11
+
+Eupoecilia wegneri
+
+ |
+0.0647 |
+0.0647 |
+0.0647 |
+
+
+|
+KF397120.1
+
+Eupoecilia acrographa
+
+ |
+0.0968 |
+0.0988 |
+0.0968 |
+0.0665 |
+
+
+|
+KF398158.1
+
+Eupoecilia acrographa
+
+ |
+0.0928 |
+0.0948 |
+0.0928 |
+0.0628 |
+0.003 |
+
+
+|
+MN387676.1
+
+Eupoecilia kruegeriana
+
+ |
+0.0744 |
+0.0764 |
+0.0744 |
+0.0665 |
+0.0888 |
+0.0849 |
+
+
+|
+HQ968158.1
+
+Eugnosta sartana
+
+ |
+0.141 |
+0.141 |
+0.141 |
+0.1239 |
+0.1452 |
+0.1408 |
+0.1261 |
+
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 4.
+Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of DNA barcode region in partial COI gene of
+
+Eupoecilia
+spp.
+
+Numbers in associated with branches are SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%).
+
+
+
+Male genitalia (
+Figs. 2D–H
+): Socius long, apex rounded; transtilla sclerotized band, strongly constricted medially, with slender, long and triangular median process. Valva narrow, oval shaped, densely hairy; costal margin slightly curved, dorsal margin slightly bent and strongly curved inward at basal 2/5, costa narrow, reaching the apex of the valva, sacculus reaching 2/5 of the valva, apical part strongly curved and projecting upward, apex pointed. Juxta membranous with three sclerotized plates, central part oval shaped, parts on both side trapezoid. Vinculum short. Phallus spindle shaped, basal part rounded, carina short, apex rounded, caulis narrow, trapezoid; vesica with numerous minute spines; basal part of vesica has a combination of strong bases fused thorns of varying sizes, consisting of one slender and longest thorn, two or three large thorns and zero to four small thorns, the longest one approximately twice or three times length of other large thorns.
+
+
+Female genitalia (
+Fig. 3C
+): Papilla analis broad, anterior 1/3 slender; apophysis posterioris 2/3 length of apophysis anterioris. Sterigma sclerotized, approximately 0.85 times length of apophysis posterioris, basal part slightly raised and concave toward ostium. Ductus bursae slightly longer than corpus bursae, weakly sclerotized and wrinkled except membranous right side of posterior 2/5, with large sclerite covered with numerous strong fine spines. Ductus seminalis arising from posterior 2/3 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae nearly globular, with numerous minute spines throughout, anterior portion with a circle-shaped plate.
+
+
+
+
+
+DNA sequence data
+.
+
+The sequence data of
+one male
+and
+one female
+specimen were deposited in GenBank and BOLD (
+Table 1
+). Phylogenetic evidence (DNA barcode region) leads us to conclude that
+
+E
+.
+yanbaruana
+
+is closely to an Australian species
+
+E
+.
+acrographa
+(Turner, 1916)
+
+. The genetic distance between the two species is 6.47%.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+.
+
+Japan
+(Okinawajima Island).
+
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+.
+
+The specific name
+
+yanbaruana
+
+is derived from the name of the
+type
+locality, Yanbaru, on the northern part of Okinawajima Island, the Ryukyus,
+Japan
+. The name Yanbaru means “a region of mountains and forest”.
+
+
+
+
+
+Remarks
+.
+
+Razowski (1968)
+divided
+
+Eupoecilia
+
+into two groups (
+
+E
+.
+ambiguella
+
+group and
+
+E
+.
+eucalypta
+
+group) based on characteristics of the socius of the male genitalia.
+
+E
+.
+yanbaruana
+
+is considered to be included in the
+
+E
+.
+eucalypta
+
+group and likely closely related to four Oriental and Australian species:
+
+E
+.
+neurosoma
+(Meyrick, 1938)
+
+,
+
+E
+.
+wegneri
+(Diakonoff, 1941)
+
+,
+
+E
+.
+taneces
+(
+Diakonoff, 1973
+)
+
+, and
+
+E
+.
+quinaspinalis
+Zhang & Li, 2008
+
+(
+Figs 1C–D
+,
+2F–H
+; see also
+Razowski 1968
+;
+Diakonoff 1973
+,
+1984
+;
+Zhang & Li 2008
+).
+
+E. yanbaruana
+
+forms a species cluster with these species, based on morphological evidence: light colored median fascia and the apical black spot of the forewing, as well as the presence of several strong cornuti on the basal part of the vesica of the male genitalia. In the Maximum likelihood (ML) tree (
+Fig. 4
+) based on DNA barcode sequences, the two
+
+Eupoecilia
+species
+
+groups of
+Razowski (1968)
+were recognized as two clades, and an Australian species
+
+E
+.
+acrographa
+
+was placed as closely related to
+
+E
+.
+yanbaruana
+
+. Though the genitalia of
+
+E
+.
+acrographa
+
+remain unknown,
+
+E
+.
+acrographa
+
+shares with
+
+E. yanbaruana
+
+and its relatives the characteristics of light colored median fascia and the apical black spot of the forewing. Thus,
+
+E
+.
+acrographa
+
+may be included in the species cluster with
+
+E
+.
+yanbaruana
+
+and related species.
+
+
+
+Eupoecilia yambaruana
+
+was collected from the forest margin areas in the northern part of the Okinawajima Island, the area known as “Yanbaru”. The area is mostly covered with old-growth subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by
+
+Castanopsis sieboldii
+(Makino) (
+Enoki 2003
+)
+
+. The area is home to numerous endemic animal species such as
+
+Cheirotonus jambar
+Kurosawa, 1984
+
+(
+Coleoptera
+) and
+
+Odorrana ishikawae
+(Stejneger, 1901)
+
+(
+Amphibia
+) (
+
+Itô
+et al.
+2000
+
+;
+
+Kuramoto
+et al.
+2011
+
+). Many of these endemic species in “Yanbaru” are closely related to species found in East and Southeast Asia. They are thought to be relict species that once inhabited the continental margins of the eastern part of the Eurasian continent when the Ryukyu Islands were still connected to the mainland (
+Nature Conservation Division, Department of Environmental Affairs, Okinawa Prefectural Government 2017
+).
+
+Eupoecilia yanbaruana
+
+is also known to have a closely related species,
+
+E
+.
+quinaspinalis
+
+, which is distributed in the
+Fujian
+, mainland
+China
+(
+Zhang & Li 2008
+). Although DNA barcode sequence is not sufficient to resolve the phylogenetics position of the species,
+
+E
+.
+yambaruana
+
+may represent an endemic species of the “Yanbaru” area, and a relict species of the
+
+E
+.
+eucalypta
+
+group that was once distributed along the margins of eastern continental Asia.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file