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<document id="20C554B762B47A24329604C1500FDC05" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14762688" ID-ZooBank="94FE1D07-AA5D-4842-B26B-2092185EFE70" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1738152188575" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M." docDate="2025" docId="A44E878E5573D41C74ACFAA0FE6AF8AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5575.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5575 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aiyeriella Narayanan &amp; Thomas &amp; Julka 2025, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="522" masterDocId="5877FFF65572D41E743BFFB6FFA1FFE7" masterDocTitle="A new earthworm genus with two new species (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) from the Western Ghats mountain ranges of south-western peninsular India" masterLastPageNumber="534" masterPageNumber="520" pageNumber="521" updateTime="1739909398473" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B2CA565A852E957AA0C462798D550F33">A new earthworm genus with two new species (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) from the Western Ghats mountain ranges of south-western peninsular India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8772A933FBAB2138F1F4B5458528BF73">Narayanan, S. Prasanth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="24C75E54DDA9F8E6058232C2B6C3C7E9">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ADAAE51440A7B8B43D8543167A3E8CB5">Thomas, A. P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="407386EB42F679A3EAE3B53028EEDCD5">Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam- 686560, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D27FDDE9A5719B603C710FC463CAFDD6">Julka, J. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ADFD252A857E7D7F7290B8E6BB6B5130">School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan- 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="96FFF0F30B4A2331FF583DD0F6E80801">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F4764CDCDE84976A94EDC703A6AF5275">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="490149F6CD6CF54C16E7DFDA148ADDF6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="37EFAD5565F3B6B255D236248B26D625" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A44E878E5573D41C74ACFAA0FE6AF8AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A44E878E5573D41C74ACFAA0FE6AF8AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A44E878E5573D41C74ACFAA0FE6AF8AA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<subSubSection id="64FD65135573D41F74ACFAA0FD7BFAD6" box="[151,730,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2C5836985573D41F74ACFAA0FD7BFAD6" blockId="1.[151,730,1302,1329]" box="[151,730,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<heading id="771081F45573D41F74ACFAA0FD7BFAD6" bold="true" box="[151,730,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F74ACFAA0FD7BFAD6" bold="true" box="[151,730,1302,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5573D41F74D5FAA0FDC5FAD6" authority="Narayanan &amp; Julka" authorityName="Narayanan &amp; Thomas &amp; Julka" authorityYear="2025" box="[238,612,1302,1329]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aiyeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F74D5FAA0FEC2FAD6" bold="true" box="[238,355,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Aiyeriella</emphasis>
Narayanan &amp; Julka
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05A057F15573D41F7657FAA1FD7BFAD6" box="[620,730,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64FD65135573D41F74ACFAE8FCCBF9EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2C5836985573D41F74ACFAE8FCCBF9EE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F74ACFAE8FEABFA9F" bold="true" box="[151,266,1374,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Setae lumbricin. Combined male and prostatic pores, paired at posterior ends of fine seminal grooves on segment 18. Single large oesophageal gizzard, in segment 5; oesophageal calciferous glands or calciferous dilations absent; supra-intestinal glands, typhlosole, and intestinal caeca absent. Micromeronephridia astomate, exonephric paired tufts in 2–10; several avesiculate, exonephric on the body wall in 11, and posteriad segments. Prostates tubuloracemose, elongated, strap-shaped, paired. Penial setae absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64FD65135573D41F74FCF9A5FAB4F9B6" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2C5836985573D41F74FCF9A5FAB4F9B6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F74FCF9A5FEEFF9CA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Etymology.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F756FF9A5FE68F9CA" box="[340,457,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5573D41F756FF9A5FE64F9CA" authorityName="Narayanan &amp; Thomas &amp; Julka" authorityYear="2025" box="[340,453,1555,1581]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aiyeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Aiyeriella</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
gender feminine, is named after the late Prof. K.S. Padmanabha Aiyer for his significant contributions to the taxonomy of earthworms in
<collectingRegion id="EE23F87A5573D41F768EF981FCE3F9B6" box="[693,834,1591,1617]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="54F076085573D41F7776F981FC28F9B6" box="[845,905,1591,1617]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">India</collectingCountry>
, in the first half of the 20th century
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64FD65135573D41F74FCF9EDFBA0F992" box="[199,1025,1626,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="2C5836985573D41F74FCF9EDFBA0F992" blockId="1.[151,1437,1374,2013]" box="[199,1025,1626,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F74FCF9EDFEC3F992" bold="true" box="[199,354,1626,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<typeStatus id="F35C883A5573D41F74FCF9EDFEA3F992" box="[199,258,1627,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5573D41F7552F9EDFCE9F992" authority="Narayanan &amp; Julka" authorityName="Narayanan &amp; Julka" authorityYear="2025" box="[361,840,1627,1653]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aiyeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="quadritheca" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F7552F9EDFDC7F992" box="[361,614,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Aiyeriella quadritheca</emphasis>
Narayanan &amp; Julka
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F7768F9EDFBA0F992" bold="true" box="[851,1025,1627,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05A057F15573D41F7768F9EDFBA0F992" box="[851,1025,1627,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64FD65135573D41C74FCF9C8FB2EFE4A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" type="description">
<paragraph id="2C5836985573D41F74FCF9C8FC2BF896" blockId="1.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F74FCF9C8FEF0F97F" bold="true" box="[199,337,1662,1688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F7564F9C9FE1EF97E" box="[351,447,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">External</emphasis>
. Small to moderate-sized terrestrial earthworms (
<quantity id="EB1F9B7D5573D41F77D3F9C9FBD5F97E" box="[1000,1140,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" metricValueMax="1.77" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="124.5" valueMax="177.0" valueMin="72.0">72–177 mm</quantity>
). Prostomium proepilobic. First dorsal pore in intersegmental furrow (4/5) 5/6. Setae lumbricin. Clitellum annular, on segments 14–17 (= 4); intersegmental furrows distinct or indistinct; dorsal pores occluded. A pair of combined male and prostatic pores at posterior ends of fine seminal grooves, on segment
<quantity id="EB1F9B7D5573D41F76EBF95DFCA9F8E2" box="[720,776,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="1" pageNumber="521" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F7735F95DFC8BF8E3" box="[782,810,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">aa</emphasis>
setal lines or slightly lateral to setal lines
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F70CCF95DFAA4F8E3" box="[1271,1285,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">a</emphasis>
. Female pore single, minute, conspicuous, on midventral line, presetal on segment 14. Spermathecal pores, segmental, paired, bithecal, or quadrithecal, at anterior margins of segment(s) 8 or 8 and 9, in
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F77EFF885FC43F8AB" box="[980,994,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">a</emphasis>
line or between setal lines
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F7135F885FA8BF8AB" box="[1294,1322,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">aa</emphasis>
. Nephridiopores not recognizable. Genital markings and penial setae absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C5836985573D41C74FCF8CDFB2EFE4A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1374,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,1869]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5573D41F74FCF8CDFE80F872" box="[199,289,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Internal</emphasis>
. Unpigmented.
<collectingRegion id="EE23F87A5573D41F75E1F8CDFDB9F872" box="[474,536,1915,1941]" country="Spain" name="Ceuta" pageId="1" pageNumber="521">Septa</collectingRegion>
5/6 delicate, 6/7/8/9 muscular, 9/10–12/13 slightly muscular. Gizzard well developed, muscular, barrel-shaped, in segment 5; calciferous glands, intestinal caeca, supraintestinal glands and typhlosole absent. Dorsal and ventral blood vessels unpaired and complete; supraoesophageal vessel single, in segments 7–13; paired extra-oesophageal vessels median to hearts, in segments 5–13; lateroparietal vessels, paired, recognizable in 14–19 segments, turning upward along the anterior face of septum 13/14 to join extra-oesophageal vessels in segment 13. Last pair of hearts in segment 12 or 13. Nephridia meronephric, micromeronephridia astomate, exonephric paired tufts in segments 2–10, several avesiculate, exonephric on the body wall in segment 11, and posteriad segments. Holandric; testis and funnels paired, free, in segments 10 and 11; seminal vesicles paired, in segments 11 and 12, those of 12 larger. Ovaries paired, in segment 13; ovisacs paired, in segment 14. Prostates paired, tubuloracemose, elongated, strap-shaped, prostatic duct muscular, vasa deferentia joining the prostate ducts entally at the glandular portion. Spermathecae each with a single, unilocular, diverticulum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64FD65135570D41C74FCFE00FD15FE12" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2C5836985570D41C74FCFE00FD15FE12" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C74FCFE00FEC0FE37" bold="true" box="[199,353,438,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Distribution.</emphasis>
Western Ghats of Pathanamthitta, Kollam, and Thiruvananthapuram districts of the
<collectingRegion id="EE23F87A5570D41C712CFE01FA3DFE36" box="[1303,1436,439,465]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Kerala state</collectingRegion>
in the south-western portion of peninsular
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C7648FE6DFD11FE12" box="[627,688,475,501]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64FD65135570D41C74FCFE49FE6AF8AA" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2C5836985570D41C74FCFE49FAA1FD4E" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C74FCFE49FE9AFDFE" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7579FE49FE11FDFE" authorityName="Narayanan &amp; Thomas &amp; Julka" authorityYear="2025" box="[322,432,511,537]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aiyeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7579FE49FE11FDFE" box="[322,432,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Aiyeriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7583FE49FD83FDFE" bold="true" box="[440,546,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05A057F15570D41C7583FE49FD83FDFE" box="[440,546,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, falls in an Indomalayan group of meronephric megascolecid genera with lumbricin arrangement of setae, combined male and prostatic pores on segment 18, an oesophageal gizzard anterior to septum 5/6, without intestinal caeca, typhlosole, calciferous and supra-intestinal glands, prostate tubuloracemose, strap-shaped, and lacking stomate mega- and micromeronephridia in segments posterior to clitellum. The most similar genera to
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7511FD39FE39FD4E" authorityName="Narayanan &amp; Thomas &amp; Julka" authorityYear="2025" box="[298,408,655,681]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aiyeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7511FD39FE39FD4E" box="[298,408,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Aiyeriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C75A4FD39FDA8FD4E" bold="true" box="[415,521,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05A057F15570D41C75A4FD39FDA8FD4E" box="[415,521,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, are
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C767BFD39FCF9FD4E" authority="Gates, 1960" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[576,856,655,681]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C767BFD39FD6DFD4E" box="[576,716,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C76E8FD39FCF9FD4E" author="Gates, G. E." box="[723,856,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="203 - 282" refId="ref7914" refString="Gates, G. E. (1960) On Burmese earthworms of the family Megascolecidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 123 (6), 203 - 282." type="journal article" year="1960">Gates, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C77B4FD39FB5DFD4E" authority="Stephenson, 1915" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[911,1276,654,681]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Comarodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C77B4FD39FB8AFD4E" box="[911,1067,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Comarodrilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7009FD39FB5DFD4E" author="Stephenson, J." box="[1074,1276,654,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref10243" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C5836985570D41C74FCFD05FF4DF9EE" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C757FFD05FDC0FD2A" authority="Gates, 1960" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[324,609,691,717]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C757FFD05FE71FD2A" box="[324,464,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C75ECFD05FDC0FD2A" author="Gates, G. E." box="[471,609,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="203 - 282" refId="ref7914" refString="Gates, G. E. (1960) On Burmese earthworms of the family Megascolecidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 123 (6), 203 - 282." type="journal article" year="1960">Gates, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has a complicated taxonomic history.
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C702CFD05FB08FD2A" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1047,1193,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="203 - 282" refId="ref7914" refString="Gates, G. E. (1960) On Burmese earthworms of the family Megascolecidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 123 (6), 203 - 282." type="journal article" year="1960">Gates (1960)</bibRefCitation>
erected
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7132FD05FA34FD2A" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[1289,1429,691,717]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7132FD05FA34FD2A" box="[1289,1429,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C74E8FD61FD0BFD16" authority="Stephenson, 1931" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1931" box="[211,682,727,753]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Woodwardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C74E8FD61FE74FD16" box="[211,469,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Woodwardiella pumila</emphasis>
Stephenson, 1931
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="F35C883A5570D41C7738FD61FC92FD16" box="[771,819,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">type</typeStatus>
species from the Bhamo of
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C70BFFD61FB71FD16" box="[1156,1232,727,753]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Burma</collectingCountry>
(now
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C7124FD61FA30FD16" box="[1311,1425,727,753]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
).
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C74ACFD4DFE8AFCF2" author="Gates, G. E." box="[151,299,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref7950" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematic and biology of the megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">Gates (1972)</bibRefCitation>
stated that, its simplicity in the digestive system (perhaps primitive?) with a highly advanced sort of meronephry of the excretory system made this genus phylogenetically interesting. Nevertheless,
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7132FCA9FA3DFCDE" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1289,1436,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref7950" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematic and biology of the megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">Gates (1972)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the definition of this genus is incomplete. In the same works (
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C77C7FCF5FB21FCBA" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1020,1152,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="203 - 282" refId="ref7914" refString="Gates, G. E. (1960) On Burmese earthworms of the family Megascolecidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 123 (6), 203 - 282." type="journal article" year="1960">Gates 1960</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C70B0FCF5FB66FCBA" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1163,1223,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref7950" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematic and biology of the megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
), he suggested that south-western Indian species, such as,
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7677FCD1FBB6FC66" authority="(Michaelsen, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[588,1047,871,897]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tenmalai">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7677FCD1FC92FC66" box="[588,819,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Notoscolex tenmalai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7779FCD1FBB1FC66" author="Michaelsen, W." box="[834,1040,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref8809" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1910) Die Oligochatenfauna der vorderindisch-ceylonischen region. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 19 (5), 1 - 108. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1910">Michaelsen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C701FFCD1FA95FC66" authority="Aiyer, 1929" authorityName="Aiyer" authorityYear="1929" box="[1060,1332,871,897]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C701FFCD1FB05FC67" box="[1060,1188,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">N. minimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7097FCD1FA95FC66" author="Aiyer, K. S. P." box="[1196,1332,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="13 - 76" refId="ref7359" refString="Aiyer, K. S. P. (1929) An account of the Oligochaeta of Travancore. Records of the Indian Museum, 31 (1), 13 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 31 / i 1 / 1929 / 162534" type="journal article" year="1929">Aiyer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C717BFCD1FE2DFC42" authority="Aiyer, 1929" authorityName="Aiyer" authorityYear="1929" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="peermadensis">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C717BFCD1FF5EFC42" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">N. peermadensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C753CFC3DFE2DFC42" author="Aiyer, K. S. P." box="[263,396,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="13 - 76" refId="ref7359" refString="Aiyer, K. S. P. (1929) An account of the Oligochaeta of Travancore. Records of the Indian Museum, 31 (1), 13 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 31 / i 1 / 1929 / 162534" type="journal article" year="1929">Aiyer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C75A1FC3DFD4FFC42" authority="Aiyer, 1929" authorityName="Aiyer" authorityYear="1929" box="[410,750,907,933]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C75A1FC3DFDC1FC43" box="[410,608,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">N. travancorensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C765DFC3DFD4FFC42" author="Aiyer, K. S. P." box="[614,750,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="13 - 76" refId="ref7359" refString="Aiyer, K. S. P. (1929) An account of the Oligochaeta of Travancore. Records of the Indian Museum, 31 (1), 13 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 31 / i 1 / 1929 / 162534" type="journal article" year="1929">Aiyer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7711FC3DFAAFFC42" authority="(Aiyer, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Aiyer" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[810,1294,907,933]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kayankulamensis">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7711FC3DFBCDFC42" box="[810,1132,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Notoscolex kayankulamensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7047FC3DFAA7FC42" author="Aiyer, K. S. P." box="[1148,1286,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="13 - 76" refId="ref7359" refString="Aiyer, K. S. P. (1929) An account of the Oligochaeta of Travancore. Records of the Indian Museum, 31 (1), 13 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 31 / i 1 / 1929 / 162534" type="journal article" year="1929">Aiyer, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, appeared to be the possible candidates for inclusion in the genus. But he did not include them, because all these species needed accurate characterization of vascular, excretory, digestive systems, and prostate glands (
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C70BDFC65FAACFC0A" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1158,1293,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref7950" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematic and biology of the megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">Gates 1972</bibRefCitation>
). The recent global checklist of earthworms by Brown
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7656FC41FD04FBF6" box="[621,677,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
(2022) does not consider
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C77F3FC41FBF5FBF6" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[968,1108,1015,1041]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C77F3FC41FBF5FBF6" box="[968,1108,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid genus, and the two species included in the genus are kept under
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C76A8FBADFBAEFBD2" authority="Stephenson, 1925" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1925" box="[659,1039,1050,1077]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Woodwardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C76A8FBADFC9DFBD2" box="[659,828,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Woodwardiella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C777FFBADFBAEFBD2" author="Stephenson, J." box="[836,1039,1050,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="43 - 73" refId="ref10352" refString="Stephenson, J. (1925) On some Oligochaeta mainly from Assam, South India, and the Andaman Islands. Records of the Indian Museum, 27 (2), 43 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 27 / i 2 / 1925 / 163458" type="journal article" year="1925">Stephenson, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7020FBADFB0FFBD2" author="Gates, G. E." box="[1051,1198,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref7950" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematic and biology of the megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">Gates (1972)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the genus
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C74ACFB89FEE1FBBE" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,320,1087,1113]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Woodwardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C74ACFB89FEE1FBBE" box="[151,320,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Woodwardiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is purely of Australian origin. However, according to
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C779DFB89FBC2FBBE" author="Jamieson, B. G. M." box="[934,1123,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref8155" refString="Jamieson, B. G. M. (2001) Native Earthworms of Australia: Megascolecidae. Megascolecinae. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire. [CD-Rom]" type="book" year="2001">Jamieson (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, it is uncertain that the species credited to the genus
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7581FBD5FDC2FB9A" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1925" box="[442,611,1123,1149]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Woodwardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7581FBD5FDC2FB9A" box="[442,611,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Woodwardiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from south (
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C76C8FBD5FC8FFB9A" box="[755,814,1123,1149]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C775EFBD5FC74FB9A" box="[869,981,1123,1149]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
) and southeast Asia (
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C70F8FBD5FAB0FB9A" box="[1219,1297,1123,1149]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Burma</collectingCountry>
=
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C7114FBD5FA3DFB9A" box="[1327,1436,1123,1149]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="EE23F87A5570D41C74F2FB31FF5AFB46" box="[201,251,1159,1185]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Java</collectingRegion>
Island of
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C754AFB31FE41FB46" box="[369,480,1159,1185]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
) are congeneric with the Australian
<typeStatus id="F35C883A5570D41C77BAFB31FC10FB46" box="[897,945,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">type</typeStatus>
species. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C705EFB31FA92FB46" author="Blakemore, R. J." box="[1125,1331,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="107 - 127" refId="ref7630" refString="Blakemore, R. J. (2013) The major megadrile families of the World reviewed again on their taxonomic types (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 44 (2), 107 - 127." type="journal article" year="2013">Blakemore (2013)</bibRefCitation>
affirmed that the Indian and Sri Lankan
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C75C5FB1DFCA0FB22" box="[510,769,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C75C5FB1DFD06FB22" box="[510,679,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Woodwardiella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
were moved to meroic
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C702FFB1DFB31FB22" authorityName="Fletcher" authorityYear="1886" box="[1044,1168,1195,1221]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C702FFB1DFB31FB22" box="[1044,1168,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Notoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or to
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7132FB1DFA34FB22" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[1289,1429,1195,1221]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7132FB1DFA34FB22" box="[1289,1429,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The above-mentioned south-western Indian species of
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C76CCFB79FCD2FB0E" authorityName="Fletcher" authorityYear="1886" box="[759,883,1231,1257]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C76CCFB79FCD2FB0E" box="[759,883,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Notoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are retained under the genus
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7083FB79FF6EFAEA" authority="Fletcher, 1886" authorityName="Fletcher" authorityYear="1886" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Notoscolex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7083FB79FA95FB0E" box="[1208,1332,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Notoscolex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7100FB79FF6EFAEA" author="Fletcher, J. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="523 - 576" refId="ref7878" refString="Fletcher, J. J. (1886) Notes on Australian earthworms, part I. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 1 (2), 523 - 576." type="journal article" year="1886">Fletcher, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C74DBFB45FEF3FAEA" box="[224,338,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">sensu lato</emphasis>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C75BCFB45FD2DFAEA" author="Narayanan, S. P. &amp; Sathrumithra, S. &amp; Christopher, G. &amp; Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M." box="[391,652,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="117 - 137" refId="ref9063" refString="Narayanan, S. P., Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M. (2016) Checklist of the earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Kerala, a constituent of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Zootaxa, 4193 (1), 117 - 137. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4193.1.5" type="journal article" year="2016">
Narayanan
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7633FB45FDE0FAEA" box="[520,577,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
(2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C76A3FB45FD43FAEA" author="Narayanan, S. P. &amp; Paliwal, R. &amp; Kurien, V. T. &amp; Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M." box="[664,738,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref9538" refString="Narayanan, S. P., Paliwal, R., Kurien, V. T., Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M. (2023 a) Earthworms (Clitellata: Moniligastrida, Crassiclitellata) of India: Distribution and Status. Department of Printing and Publishing, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 378 pp." type="book" year="2023">2023a</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C76CEFB45FC11FAEA" author="Jamieson, B. G. M." box="[757,944,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref8155" refString="Jamieson, B. G. M. (2001) Native Earthworms of Australia: Megascolecidae. Megascolecinae. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire. [CD-Rom]" type="book" year="2001">Jamieson (2001)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7067FB45FAFFFAEA" box="[1116,1374,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7067FB45FAA4FAEA" box="[1116,1285,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Woodwardiella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="54F076085570D41C74ACFAA1FF5FFAD6" box="[151,254,1303,1329]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Australia</collectingCountry>
had the following excretory system “nephridia exonephric, stomate, avesiculate holonephridia forming a single series on each side in
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C75EDFA8DFE43FAB3" box="[470,482,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">c</emphasis>
lines but (always?) replaced in anterior segments by tufts discharging into the buccal cavity or exonephrically in
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C75F7FAE9FE7BFA9E" box="[460,474,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">d</emphasis>
lines”. But as per
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7691FAE9FC9FFA9E" author="Gates, G. E." box="[682,830,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref7950" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematic and biology of the megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">Gates (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, in
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C775CFAE9FC52FA9E" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[871,1011,1375,1401]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C775CFAE9FC52FA9E" box="[871,1011,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is “meroic, (in anterior segments?), behind the clitellum with one pair per segment of clusters of four to six small, exoic and astomate, parietal, and avesiculate nephridia”. Hence, based on the key difference in the condition of the excretory system, herein the genus
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C74ACFA7DFE82FA02" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,291,1483,1509]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C74ACFA7DFE82FA02" box="[151,291,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is revived as a valid genus with two species assigned to it by
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C77EFFA7DFBC9FA02" author="Gates, G. E." box="[980,1128,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="203 - 282" refId="ref7914" refString="Gates, G. E. (1960) On Burmese earthworms of the family Megascolecidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 123 (6), 203 - 282." type="journal article" year="1960">Gates (1960)</bibRefCitation>
, namely,
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C70E9FA7DFAEEFA03" box="[1234,1359,1483,1508]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C70E9FA7DFAEEFA03" box="[1234,1359,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">L. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C71BDFA7DFF44F9EE" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1931" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Woodwardiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C71BDFA7DFF44F9EE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">L. pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C5836985570D41C74FCF9A5FE6AF8AA" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C74FCF9A5FD93F9CA" authority="Stephenson, 1915" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[199,562,1554,1581]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Comarodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C74FCF9A5FEC2F9CA" box="[199,355,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Comarodrilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C7551F9A5FD93F9CA" author="Stephenson, J." box="[362,562,1554,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref10243" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a monotypic genus known only from the original description of
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C711BF9A5FEC2F9B6" authority="Stephenson, 1915" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Comarodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C711BF9A5FA3DF9CA" box="[1312,1436,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">C. gravelyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C74ACF981FEC2F9B6" author="Stephenson, J." box="[151,355,1590,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="35 - 108" refId="ref10243" refString="Stephenson, J. (1915) On some Indian Oligochaeta, mainly from Southern India and Ceylon. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 6, 35 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephenson, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is a poorly understood genus, and we were unable to find any individuals of it in our latest collections at the
<typeStatus id="F35C883A5570D41C75F3F9EDFE59F992" box="[456,504,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">type</typeStatus>
locality. According to
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C76CDF9EDFC2BF992" author="Gates, G. E." box="[758,906,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref7950" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematic and biology of the megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214" type="journal article" year="1972">Gates (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, it has racemose prostates and so belongs in the
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C74ACF9C9FEEEF97E" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,335,1663,1689]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
. Further, he added that so little is known about somatic anatomy that the status of the genus and relationships of
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7570F915FE66F95A" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[331,455,1699,1725]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Comarodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gravelyi">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7570F915FE66F95A" box="[331,455,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">C. gravelyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not determinable. Even so, at present, the genus
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7034F915FB0AF95A" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1039,1195,1699,1725]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Comarodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7034F915FB0AF95A" box="[1039,1195,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Comarodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is regarded as a valid genus assigned in the family
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C75DFF971FD39F906" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1891" box="[484,664,1735,1761]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Megascolecidae</taxonomicName>
in the recent global checklist of earthworms (Brown
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C70C1F971FA92F906" box="[1274,1331,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
2022) as well as in the
<collectingRegion id="EE23F87A5570D41C7508F95DFEDFF8E2" box="[307,382,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Kerala</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C75B6F95DFD29F8E2" author="Narayanan, S. P. &amp; Sathrumithra, S. &amp; Christopher, G. &amp; Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M." box="[397,648,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="117 - 137" refId="ref9063" refString="Narayanan, S. P., Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G., Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M. (2016) Checklist of the earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Kerala, a constituent of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Zootaxa, 4193 (1), 117 - 137. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4193.1.5" type="journal article" year="2016">
Narayanan
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7634F95DFDE6F8E2" box="[527,583,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) and Indian checklists (
<bibRefCitation id="48764B695570D41C77A9F95DFB3DF8E2" author="Narayanan, S. P. &amp; Paliwal, R. &amp; Kurien, V. T. &amp; Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M." box="[914,1180,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref9538" refString="Narayanan, S. P., Paliwal, R., Kurien, V. T., Thomas, A. P. &amp; Julka, J. M. (2023 a) Earthworms (Clitellata: Moniligastrida, Crassiclitellata) of India: Distribution and Status. Department of Printing and Publishing, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 378 pp." type="book" year="2023">
Narayanan
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C702FF95DFBECF8E2" box="[1044,1101,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
2023a
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7094F95DFABCF8E2" authorityName="Narayanan &amp; Thomas &amp; Julka" authorityYear="2025" box="[1199,1309,1771,1797]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Aiyeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7094F95DFABCF8E2" box="[1199,1309,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Aiyeriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7117F95DFA34F8E2" bold="true" box="[1324,1429,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05A057F15570D41C7117F95DFA34F8E2" box="[1324,1429,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, can be distinguished from the closely related Indomalayan genera, such as
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C77DCF8B9FBD2F8CE" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1960" box="[999,1139,1807,1833]" class="Clitellata" genus="Lennoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C77DCF8B9FBD2F8CE" box="[999,1139,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lennoscolex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EBE74D1B5570D41C7090F8B9FAE6F8CE" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1915" box="[1195,1351,1807,1833]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Comarodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E93EA8A5570D41C7090F8B9FAE6F8CE" box="[1195,1351,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Comarodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by the characters given in
<tableCitation id="616503235570D41C754AF885FE64F8AA" box="[369,453,1843,1869]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,244,152,176]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of the Aiyeriella Narayanan &amp; Julka, gen. nov. with closely related genera." pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>