From fb422badef695aafead8e251888ac16b236174b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2024 02:16:51 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-09-11 02:10:47 --- .../08/03DF08494129FFC43C88FE8BFBC9FAB0.xml | 280 +++++++++++++ .../08/03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931.xml | 220 ++++++++++ .../08/03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21.xml | 228 ++++++++++ .../08/03DF08494131FFDD3EECFC9BFD19FD5A.xml | 203 +++++++++ .../87/C96187CFFFBAEB45FC42FC44FBF4FC74.xml | 389 ++++++++++++++++++ .../87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFEDEFEFEFCBCFCC4.xml | 75 ++++ .../87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF07FBE7FC24FC77.xml | 142 +++++++ .../87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF31FCCCFE86FBDF.xml | 75 ++++ 8 files changed, 1612 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/DF/08/03DF08494129FFC43C88FE8BFBC9FAB0.xml create mode 100644 data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931.xml create mode 100644 data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21.xml create mode 100644 data/03/DF/08/03DF08494131FFDD3EECFC9BFD19FD5A.xml create mode 100644 data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB45FC42FC44FBF4FC74.xml create mode 100644 data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFEDEFEFEFCBCFCC4.xml create mode 100644 data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF07FBE7FC24FC77.xml create mode 100644 data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF31FCCCFE86FBDF.xml diff --git a/data/03/DF/08/03DF08494129FFC43C88FE8BFBC9FAB0.xml b/data/03/DF/08/03DF08494129FFC43C88FE8BFBC9FAB0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d588618bc3a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DF/08/03DF08494129FFC43C88FE8BFBC9FAB0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ + + + +Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA + + + +Author + +Cicimurri, David J. + + + +Author + +Knight, James L. + + + +Author + +Ebersole, Jun A. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-03-31 + + +39 + + +1 + + +1 +38 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939056976 + +journal article +10.5070/P939056976 +0031-0298 +13743778 +13E6A6E9-DE0F-4C71-BE40-2957F48D9F70 + + + + + +“ + +MOBULA + +” SP. + + + + + +FIG. 8C–H + + + + + +Type +species + +— + +Mobula auriculata +Rafinesque, 1810b + +; + +Recent. + +1999 + +Mobula +sp. + +; Müller, page 66. + + +2009a + +Mobula + +cf. + +M. loupianensis +Cappetta, 1970 + +; Cicimurri and Knight, pages 639–640, fig. 9. + + +Referred specimens (n=11) +—SC2007.36.40 ( +Fig. 8C, D +), SC2007.36.41, SC2007.36.42 ( +Fig. 8E, F +), SC2007.36.43 ( +Fig. 8G, H +), SC2007.36.44, SC2007.36.45, SC2007.36.46, SC2007.36.47, SC2007.36.125, SC2015.29.16, SC2015.29.31. + + + + +Remarks +—A recent molecular divergence study by +Villalobos-Segura and Underwood (2020) +suggested that + +Mobula + +diverged from its sister taxon, + +Rhinoptera + +, during the late Miocene. This suggests that morphologically similar Paleogene teeth cannot be referred to + +Mobula + +. However, the great similarity of the Oligocene taxon to both + +M. loupianensis + +and extant + +M. rochebrunei +( +Vaillant, 1879 +) + +would seem to indicate a close phylogenetic relationship. The Oligocene mobulids from +South Carolina +are being investigated in more detail, but for the purposes of this report we conservatively retain these specimens within the genus + +Mobula + +with the understanding that they likely belong to a closely related ancestral taxon. + + +Our small sample exhibits a remarkable amount of variation, which we attribute to gynandric heterodonty within a single taxon (see +Notabartolo di Sciara 1987 +). The narrow, single to tri-cusped teeth represent males, whereas the wider, linguiform to multi-cuspidate teeth belong to females. This interpretation is supported by the work of +Herman et al. (2000 +, plates 19–22), who illustrated the gynandric variation they observed in extant + +Mobula rochebrunei + +. The Ashley Formation morphotypes we examined match those illustrated by +Cicimurri and Knight (2009a +, fig. 9) from the overlying (Chattian) Chandler Bridge Formation, and we regard them as conspecific. We also concur with +Cicimurri and Knight (2009a) +that the + +Mobula +sp. + +teeth reported by +Müller (1999) +from the Oligocene Old Church Formation of +Virginia +appear to fall within the range of variation observed in the +South Carolina +Oligocene “ + +Mobula + +” sample. +Müller (1999 +, page 66) reported + +Mobula +sp. + +from the Ashley Formation, but he did not illustrate any specimens from this lithostratigraphic unit. + + +Although some of the +South Carolina +Oligocene “ + +Mobula + +” teeth resemble the +holotype +of the Rupelian + +Mobula irenae +Pfeil, 1981 + +, none are similar to +Pfeil’s (1981 +:plate 1, fig. 2) +paratype +, and we consider the two as separate species. The Rupelian taxon + +Eomanta kowaldi +Pfeil, 1981 + +is based on a single tooth and there is some debate as to whether it represents a distinct taxon ( +Adnet et al. 2012 +) or is conspecific with “ + +M +.” +irenae +( +Cicimurri and Knight 2009a +) + +. The + +E. kowaldi + +tooth has a higher crown and the occlusal surface is unusually constricted and more embayed compared to our Oligocene specimens. The early Eocene (Ypresian) taxon + +Eomobula +Herman et al., 1989 + +may not be a mobulid as originally thought ( +Adnet et al. 2012 +), but the superficially similar teeth can be differentiated from the +South Carolina +Oligocene specimens by its very low crown with no vertical wrinkling, and the root is poorly differentiated into individual root lobes. The taxon + +Paramobula fragilis +( +Cappetta, 1970 +) + +(which has since been assigned to + +Mobula + +) was reported from the Chattian Chandler Bridge Formation by +Cicimurri and Knight 2009a +(fig. 6D), but these teeth are more similar in morphology to those of + +Plinthicus + +and will not be confused with “ + +Mobula + +” teeth described herein. Eocene and Oligocene teeth of + +Argoubia +Adnet et al., 2012 + +apparently lack the linguiform and bi- and tri-cuspidate morphologies that occur in the dentition of the Ashley Formation taxon, and the occlusal surface is generally weakly concave (also +Leder 2015 +). Eocene + +Oromobula +Adnet et al., 2012 + +teeth generally are higher and much thinner (labio-lingually) than the +South Carolina +“ + +Mobula + +,” and the relatively small occlusal surface is very irregular. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931.xml b/data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..45e139b5452 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412AFFC83ED4FE2EFD1BF931.xml @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ + + + +Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA + + + +Author + +Cicimurri, David J. + + + +Author + +Knight, James L. + + + +Author + +Ebersole, Jun A. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-03-31 + + +39 + + +1 + + +1 +38 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939056976 + +journal article +10.5070/P939056976 +0031-0298 +13743778 +13E6A6E9-DE0F-4C71-BE40-2957F48D9F70 + + + + + + +PARALICHTHYIDAE +REGAN, 1910 + + + + +GEN. ET SP. INDET. + + + + +FIG. 9L, M + + +Referred specimen (n=1) +—SC2015.36.259. + + +Description +—This tooth is thin, needle-like, and measures approximately 1.0 mm in total height. In labial view, the margins of the tooth are relatively straight but gradually taper to a sharp point. In mesial and distal views, the tooth has a conspicuous lingual curvature, with a uniformly convex labial margin and a concave lingual margin. The main body of the tooth lacks carinae, but short labial and lingual cutting edges occur at the apex. The apex is slightly upturned and labiolingually flared. The tooth lacks ornamentation, and the enameloid at the crown apex is flared, semi-translucent, and lighter in color than that of the remainder of the tooth. The tooth has a conical cross section, and the base has a circular outline, is thin-walled and bears a shallow pulpcavity. + + + + +Remarks +—The combination of features occurring on SC2015.36.259 has also been observed by us on the teeth of Recent members of the +Lepisosteidae +(gars) and +Paralichthyidae +(large-tooth flounders). However, specimen SC2015.36.259 lacks finely striated enameloid ornamentation and has a more evenly convex labial edge when compared to any of the Recent gar teeth we examined. Our specimen, however, compares very well to the dentary incisors of a Recent + +Paralichthys lethostigma +Jordan and Gilbert + +in + +Jordan +and Meek, 1884 + +specimen we studied (MSC 42999), indicating that this tooth belongs to an Oligocene member of the +Paralichthyidae +. Extant +Paralichthyidae +is an extremely diverse family consisting of at least 14 genera and approximately 111 species ( +Nelson et al. 2016 +). Unfortunately, the diversity within this family and our lack of Recent comparative material does not allow us to identify this tooth beyond the familial level. Nevertheless, +Ebersole et al. (2021) +recently confirmed two unspeciated, otolith-based paralichthyid genera ( + +Citharichthys + +and + +Syacium + +) from the Rupelian Glendon Limestone Member of the Byram Formation in +Washington +County, +Alabama +. These occurrences show that members of the family were well-established in the nearby Gulf Coastal Plain of the +USA +during the Oligocene. + + + +SCOMBRIFORMES +RAFINESQUE, 1810b +SCOMBROIDEI +BLEEKER, 1859 + + + + +TRICHIURIDAE +RAFINESQUE, 1810b + + + +TRICHIURINAE +RAFINESQUE, 1810b + + + +TRICHIURIDES +WINKLER, 1874 + + + + +TRICHIURIDES + +CF. + +T +. +SAGITTIDENS +WINKLER, 1874 + +FIG. 9N, O + + + + + +Type +species + +— + +Trichiurides sagittidens +, +Winkler, 1874 + +; +Belgium +, Eocene. + + +Referred specimens +( +n=2 +)—SC2007.36.210 ( +Fig. 9O +), SC2015.29.185 ( +Fig. 9N +). + + + + +Description +—Our sample consists of two ablated laniary teeth. As preserved, specimen SC2015.29.185 consists of a laterally compressed crown and some of the peduncle. In labial view the crown apex has a low, subtriangular outline, and in posterior view the enameloid-covered labial and lingual faces are weakly convex. The enameloid is smooth at the apex but is not preserved on the remainder of the specimen. The anterior and posterior margins are formed into a smooth, continuous and bi-convex cutting edge, and a small barb is located towards the apex on the posterior edge. The peduncle consists of dentine and is cylindrical and slightly curved medio-posteriorly. In basal view the tooth has a circular outline and a medially located pulp cavity is visible. Specimen SC2007.36.210 consists of a minute but well preserved crown apex. The crown of this specimen is triangular but taller than that of SC 2015.29.185, and the cutting edges are straight to weakly concave. The enameloid is smooth and a posterior barb is conspicuous. + + + + +Remarks +—The teeth in our sample clearly differ from the Ashley Formation + +Sphyraena +spp. + +laniary teeth by having a highly laterally compressed enameloid apex and narrow, cylindrical neck. The overall morphology of these teeth, especially the size and shape of the posterior barb, is morphologically similar to Recent + +Trichiurus lepturus +Linnaeus, 1758 + +(MSC 42592) laniary teeth, as well as to those of the Eocene + +Trichiurides sagittidens +Winkler, 1874 + +(see +Ebersole et al. 2019 +). Although the Ashley Formation teeth could belong to the latter taxon,we only tentatively refer them to this species due to their incomplete preservation. Nevertheless, these teeth represent the first Oligocene records of cutlassfish in +South Carolina +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21.xml b/data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4cdbca67094 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DF/08/03DF0849412FFFC33944FE35FDB7FE21.xml @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ + + + +Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA + + + +Author + +Cicimurri, David J. + + + +Author + +Knight, James L. + + + +Author + +Ebersole, Jun A. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-03-31 + + +39 + + +1 + + +1 +38 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939056976 + +journal article +10.5070/P939056976 +0031-0298 +13743778 +13E6A6E9-DE0F-4C71-BE40-2957F48D9F70 + + + + + +“ + +DASYATIS + +” SP. + + + + + +FIG. 7V +–CC + + + + + +Type +species + +— + +Dasyatis ujo +Rafinesque, 1810a + +; Recent. + + +2009a + +Dasyatis rugosa +( +Probst, 1877 +) + +; Cicimurri and Knight, page 638, fig. 8C. + + +Referred specimens (n=11) +—SC2007.36.49 ( +Fig. 7V +–CC1), SC2007.36.50 (three teeth), SC2007.36.51 ( +Fig. 7T–U +), SC2007.36.225, SC2015.29.14, SC2015.29.43, SC2015.29.44, SC2015.29.45 ( +Fig. 7V–Y +), SC2015.29.46. + + + + +Remarks +—These teeth differ from those of “ + +Taeniurops +” +cavernosus + +discussed above by having a more convex labial face, a more angular labial crown margin (as opposed to uniformly convex), and a wider transverse crest that is crenulated. The Ashley Formation specimens are ablated but appear to be conspecific with teeth occurring in the overlying Chandler Bridge Formation identified as + +Dasyatis rugosa +( +Probst, 1877 +) + +by +Cicimurri and Knight (2009a) +. Reinecke (2015) noted differences between the Chandler Bridge teeth and + +D. rugosa + +from +Germany +, and he indicated an early Chattian first appearance for this species. +Reinecke et al. (2011) +illustrated (plate 96, fig. 4) one of +Probst’s (1877) +original specimens of + +D. strangulata + +, and the species was also reported by +Reinecke et al. (2014) +and +Reinecke and Radwański (2015) +. The South Carolina specimens do appear to have a more convex labial face with less robust ornamentation, and they are more similar to + +D. strangulata + +than to + +D. rugosa + +in these respects ( +Reinecke et al. 2011 +, +Reinecke et al. 2014 +, +Reinecke and Radwański 2015 +). + + +Although teeth with this morphology have traditionally been placed within + +Dasyatis + +(see +Cappetta 2012 +), recent molecular studies of extant species revealed the genus to be paraphyletic ( +Last et al. 2016 +, + +Nelson +et al. 2016 + +). This prompted the referral of many extant + +Dasyatis +species + +to various other genera, like + +Bathytoshia +Whitley, 1933 + +, + +Fontitrygon +Last et al., 2016 + +, + +Hemitrygon +Müller and Henle, 1838 + +, + +Hypanus +Rafinesque, 1818 + +, + +Megatrygon +Last et al., 2016 + +, and + +Telatrygon +Last et al., 2016 + +. Because a comparative study of the dentitions of these extant taxa has yet to be undertaken, we herein conservatively retain this species within + +Dasyatis + +with the understanding that they may someday be referred to one of the aforementioned extant genera, or perhaps to an unknown fossil taxon. The Ashley Formation specimens are morphologically similar to + +D. strangulata + +, a taxon that has tentatively been identified from the late Chattian by +Reinecke et al. (2014) +. However, we refrain from assigning the +South Carolina +specimens to this species due to their much older occurrence compared to the typically Miocene range of + +D. strangulata + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DF/08/03DF08494131FFDD3EECFC9BFD19FD5A.xml b/data/03/DF/08/03DF08494131FFDD3EECFC9BFD19FD5A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cf3045dc4f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DF/08/03DF08494131FFDD3EECFC9BFD19FD5A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ + + + +Early Oligocene (Rupelian) fishes (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Ashley Formation (Cooper Group) of South Carolina, USA + + + +Author + +Cicimurri, David J. + + + +Author + +Knight, James L. + + + +Author + +Ebersole, Jun A. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-03-31 + + +39 + + +1 + + +1 +38 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939056976 + +journal article +10.5070/P939056976 +0031-0298 +13743778 +13E6A6E9-DE0F-4C71-BE40-2957F48D9F70 + + + + + + +SPHYRNIDAE +BONAPARTE, 1840 + + + + +GEN. ET SP. INDET. + + + + +FIG. 5G, H + + +2009a + +Sphyrna + +cf. + +S. media +Springer, 1940 + +; Cicimurri and Knight, page 635, fig. 5K. + + +2009a + +Sphyrna zygaena +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) + +; Cicimurri and Knight, page 635, fig. +5L. + + + + +Referred specimens (n=20) +—SC2007.36.23, SC2007.36.24 ( +Fig. 5H +), SC2007.36.25 (11 teeth), SC2007.36.26 ( +Fig. 5G +), SC2007.36.27, SC2007.36.28 (five teeth). + + + + +Remarks +—Two morphologies that have previously been assigned to + +Sphyrna +Linnaeus, 1758 + +, are present in our sample. The first morphology, represented by specimens SC2007.36.23–.25, was reported from the Chattian Chandler Bridge Formation by +Cicimurri and Knight (2009a) +, who tentatively identified it as + +Sphyrna media +Springer, 1940 + +. The second morphology, represented by specimens SC2007.36.26–.28, was identified by +Cicimurri and Knight (2009a) +as + +Sphyrna zygaena +( +Linnaeus, 1758 +) + +because specimens were comparable to Mio-Pliocene teeth identified by +Purdy et al. (2001) +. In their study, +Purdy et al. (2001) +synonymized fossil + +S. laevissima +( +Cope, 1867 +) + +with extant + +S. zygaena + +, citing that the tooth morphologies were indistinguishable. + + +Although the +South Carolina +Oligocene material appears to be similar to teeth of extant + +Sphyrna +species + +, assigning the fossil morphologies to this genus is somewhat problematic. In a phylogenetic analysis, +Lim et al. (2010) +determined that the divergence of + +Sphyrna + +and its sister taxon, + +Eusphyra +Gill, 1862 + +, occurred during the Miocene, between 15 and 20 million years ago, and that diversification within + +Sphyrna + +occurred only within the past 10 million years. The +South Carolina +Oligocene teeth are comparable and can be assigned to +Sphyrnidae +, as +Lim et al. (2010) +has indicated that the family diverged from + +Carcharhinus + +during the middle Eocene. However, based on the divergence times proposed by +Lim et al. (2010) +, the Rupelian and Chattian teeth should not be assigned to + +Sphyrna + +, let alone any of the extant species. Although +Carrillo-Briceño et al. (2020) +and +Adnet et al. (2020) +have recently assigned Oligocene and Eocene (respectively) teeth to + +Sphyrna + +, the work of +Lim et al. (2010) +should not be discounted. We believe that the +South Carolina +Oligocene teeth could represent one or more undescribed stem members of the family, but such a determination is beyond the scope of this paper. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB45FC42FC44FBF4FC74.xml b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB45FC42FC44FBF4FC74.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a40477e8160 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB45FC42FC44FBF4FC74.xml @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ + + + +The earliest Ancistrolepis (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and its geologic implications + + + +Author + +Squires, Richard L. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-04-11 + + +39 + + +2 + + +1 +11 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939257077 + +journal article +10.5070/P939257077 +0031-0298 +13743800 + + + + + + +ANCISTROLEPIS CAROLINEAE +SQUIRES, 1984 + + + + + + +FIG. 4A–I + + + + + +Ancistrolepis +? +carolineae +Squires, 1984 + +. p. 30, figs. 8d–e. Groves and Squires. 2021. p. 191. + + + + +Primary type material— + +Holotype +LACMIP 10554 +[originally +UCLA 59401 +], +LACMIP +Locality 7242.35 + +. + +Paratype +LACMIP 10555 + +, + +LACMIP +Locality +7242.36; +paratype + + +LACMIP 10556 + +, + +LACMIP +Locality +7242.37; and +paratype + + +LACMIP 10557 + +, + +LACMIP +Locality +22312.14. +These +three paratypes +were originally referred to as lot + + +UCLA 59402 + +, which was, at some point in the past, split into the three lots listed here. + +LACMIP +Locality +7242 is equivalent to + +UCLA + +Locality +22312 (originally +UCLA +Locality +2312 (collected by +W.P.Popenoe +classes, + +April 19, 1946 + +and 1950). + + + + + + +Dimensions of +holotype +— + +Length +32 mm +, width +20 mm +(specimen is missing most its anterior siphonal canal). + + + +Secondary +type +material— + +LACMIP hypotype 14904, LACMIP Locality 40444.2; LACMIP hypotype 14905, LACMIP Locality 40374.75; LACMIP hypotype 14906, LACMIP Locality 40374.76; and LACMIP hypotype + +LACMIP 14907 +, +LACMIP +Locality 40374.77 + +. + + +Number of specimens examined— + +Seventeen specimens +. +All +are from four localities (7242, 40374, 40444, and 40479) in the “Stewart bed”of the +Llajas Formation +on the north side of +Simi Valley +, +Ventura County +, southern +California +. +Nearly +all the specimens are from the +Las + + + + +Figure 4A–I. + +Ancistrolepis carolineae +Squires, 1984 + +. “Stewart bed,” Llajas Formation, north side of Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Apertural ( +A +) and abapertural ( +B +) views, 1.7x, length 32 mm, width 20 mm, plasto-holotype, LACMIP 10554 [=UCLA 59401], Locality LACMIP 7242.35. Apertural ( +C +) and abapertural ( +D +) views, x1.8x, length 28.8 mm, width 18.4 mm, hypotype, LACMIP 14904, LACMIP Locality 40444.2. Apertural ( +E +) view, 1.8x, length 26.3, width 14.9, hypotype, LACMIP 14905, LACMIP 40374.75. Apertural ( +F +) and abapertural ( +G +) views, x2.3, length 22 mm, width 15.8 mm, hypotype, LACMIP 14906, LACMIP Locality 40374.76. Right-lateral apertural, with aperture end tilted up slightly ( +H +) and oblique lower columellar ( +I +) views, x2.5, length 28.5 mm, width 29.8 mm, hypotype, LACMIP 14907, LACMIP Locality 40374.77. + + + +Llajas Canyon area: LACMIP Localities 7242 and 40374, ribs on ante-penultimate whorl, 3 ribs on penultimate which are in the immediate vicinity of each another, and whorl, and 6 (on most specimens) to 8 (rarely) ribs on Locality 40444, which is a short distance northwest- last whorl. Several widely spaced secondary spiral ribs wardly. The one exception is a specimen from LACMIP can be present inside of surface of apertural area and Locality 40479, approximately +3 km +westardly of the represent continuations of primary ribs on main surface localities in Las Llajas Canyon. of last whorl. Spacing of spirals usually consistent at 3 + + +Description– +Shell ovate fusiform, shell very thin mm apart but can be as much as +4 mm +apart, even on a (“paper thin”), up to +30.4 mm +height and +17.7 mm +single specimen. Spiral ribs beveled (not square-edged); width, with corresponding h/w = 1.72; average h/w of interstitally (especially on columellar inner lip) with five all specimens = 1.59. Protoconch/shell apex missing, bands of spiral microscopic threads alternating with upper spire incomplete on most specimens. Teleoconch bands of five spiral submicroscopic threads; comprising up to 5 whorls; commonly only four teleoconch whorls a grand total of 25 threads. Columella has almost none present. Suture impressed and coincident with spiral to only slight twist to left; no columellar teeth; anterior rib. Only spiral ribs (widely spaced); no radial sculpture. part of columella can have a few intermediate-strength Earliest two teleoconch whorls smooth (ribs apparently ribs, becoming obsolete anteriorward and interiorward. eroded off), 2 ribs on pre-ante penultimate whorl, 2 Siphonal canal moderately long. Outer lip “terminal varix,” +3 mm +thick, smooth, solid, and flattish but with beveled on both outermost and innermost edges; minute threads axially parallel to edge of outer lip. + + + + +Remarks— +The +holotype +has been missing for several decades. A copy of a Kodrachrome 35-mm slide of the +holotype +, taken by the author 30 years ago, is shown on the “Cover” of this present paper. The specimens of + +A +. +carolineae + +all have moderately poor to poor preservation because of weathering, which has caused some of the shells, which had thin shells to begin with, to become to steinkerns or nearly so. Weathering has probably caused the spiral ribs to be somewhat rounded. + + +Four of the 17 Llajas Formation specimens of + +A. carolineae + +have an obvious, relatively wide, flat, and sturdy thickening (callus) of the outer lip (terminal varix) of the aperture. A search of the available literature revealed that no other ancistrolepine (fossil or extant) has such a wide and flat outer lip callus, although a few extant species can have a very thin, narrow ridge callus. A terminal “varix” is common in warm, shallow-marine gastropods, but is rare in polar and deep-marine habitats ( +Webster and Vermeij 2017 +), therefore, the presence of this feature on + +A. carolineae + +might be another indication that + +A. carolineae + +lived in an environment quite different than the extant +Ancistrolepi +s spp. + + + +Ancistrolepis carolineae + +most closely resembles + +Ancistrolepis rategiensis +Titova, 1993 + +(p. 12, figs. 2A–2D) from the upper Eocene Rategian Formation at Podkagernaya Bay, northwestern Kamchakta. The Llajas Formation species is similar in its ovate-fusiform shell shape, approximately five rounded whorls, rounded base on last whorl, subtriangular to triangular spiral ribs, about seven spiral ribs (can be variously spaced) on last whorl, and interstitial ribs on last whorl of some specimens. + +Ancistrolepis carolineae + +differs from this Kamchakta species by having a smaller size shell, fewer spiral ribs on the spire whorls, many fewer and much less closely spaced spiral ribs on the siphonal canal, and the presence of a terminal varix on the outer lip. + + +Titova (1993) +reported that + +Ancistrolepis rategiensis +Titova, 1993 + +shows much similarity to + +Ancistrolepis matchgarense + +( +Makiyama, 1934 +: p. 165, pl. 7, figs. 56, 57) from the upper Oligocene Asagai Sandstone near Matchgar in northern Sakhalin. The Llajas Formation species is similar, therefore, to + +A. matchgarense + +, but this latter species, which has a small shell (like + +A. carolineae + +) has rather poor preservation (interstitial threads not visible) and its siphonal canal is missing. The Llajas Formation species differs by having a “terminal varix” on the outer lip. + +Ancistrolepis matchgarense + +occurs with calcareous concretions containing + +Turritella + +, which is a shallow-marine gastropod. + + + +Ancistrolepis carolineae + +, + +A. rategiensis + +, and + +A. matchgarense + +differ from most other species of this genus by having subtriangular spiral ribs, rounded whorls, and a rounded shell base. Four other species, all from the Kuschiro coal fields in +Japan +, that share these particular properties are + +A. chizuzenensis +( +Matsui, 1958 +) + +; + +A. onbetsuensis +( +Matsui, 1959 +) + +; + +A. subcarinata +( +Matsui, 1958 +) + +; and + +A +. +ezoana +Takeda, 1953 + +. + + +Previous workers ( +Titova 1993 +, +Egorov and Barsukov 1994 +) have placed various species of + +Ancistrolepis + +into two informal groups, referred commonly to as the + +eucosmius + +“stock” and the +grammatus +“stock.” The + +eucosmius + +“stock,” bearing the name of the +type +species of + +Ancistrolepis + +, is supposedly characterized by relatively small shells with relatively few spiral ribs, which are narrow and have a square shape. The +grammatus +“stock,” has larger shells with much stronger spiral ribs, commonly referred to as “T” ribs + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFEDEFEFEFCBCFCC4.xml b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFEDEFEFEFCBCFCC4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..256e14e5713 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFEDEFEFEFCBCFCC4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + + +The earliest Ancistrolepis (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and its geologic implications + + + +Author + +Squires, Richard L. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-04-11 + + +39 + + +2 + + +1 +11 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939257077 + +journal article +10.5070/P939257077 +0031-0298 +13743800 + + + + + + +BUCCINIDAE +RAFINESQUE, 1815 + + + + + + +Remarks— +The family +Buccinidae +, which consists of numerous genera of predatory carnivores, originated during the Early Cretaceous (mid-Albian Stage) ( +Taylor et al., 1980 +: fig. 7, with no accompanying geographic data). In the northeast Pacific region, the earliest known buccinid is the Late Cretaceous + +Eripachya +Gabb, 1869 + +. It was endemic to +California +and formed a lineage of three species ( +Squires and Saul 2003 +), whose members occurred intermittently only during the warm times of the Turonian and Campanian but not during the cooler times of the Coniacian and Santonian ( +Squires 2018 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF07FBE7FC24FC77.xml b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF07FBE7FC24FC77.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b2574060be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF07FBE7FC24FC77.xml @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ + + + +The earliest Ancistrolepis (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and its geologic implications + + + +Author + +Squires, Richard L. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-04-11 + + +39 + + +2 + + +1 +11 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939257077 + +journal article +10.5070/P939257077 +0031-0298 +13743800 + + + + + + +ANCISTROLEPIS +DALL, 1895 + + +SENSU STRICTO + + + + + + + +Type +species— + +By original designation. + +Chrysodomus eucosmius +Dall, 1891 + +. +Dall (1891) +did not figure the +type +species of this genus, but +Dall (1895 +: pl. 29, fig. 7) provided an apertural view. +Egorov and Barsukov (1994) +provided a synonymy of + +Ancistrolepis eucosmius +(Dall) + +. The +type +species is extant and lives in deep, cold waters in the following areas: Bering Sea area ( +Dall 1891 +), north of Unalaska in the Bering Sea ( +Dall 1891 +), off the coast of +Oregon +( +Dall 1895 +), and off San Digeo, southern +California +( +Dall 1895 +, +1919 +, +1925 +). + + +Geologic range of genus— +Late early Eocene (late Ypresian Stage = early “Domengine Stage”), Ventura County, southern California (new information) to Recent: from the South +China +Sea to the East +China +Sea, the Sea of +Japan +, Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, southern Alaska ( +Egorov and Barsukov 1994 +), as well as Washington, Oregon, and off the coast of San Diego, southernmost California ( +Dall, 1895 +, +1919 +, +1925 +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis— +Protoconch low (one to two whorls), smooth. Teleoconch small to medium size (height range +25 to 135 mm +). Fusiform to elongate fusiform and with approximately six to eight convex whorls. Whorls can be rounded or shouldered. Spire approximately 50 percent or less of shell height. Sculpture mostly spiral ribs (rarely nodular locally) or cords, can be relatively few (on upper spire) or moderately numerous, triangular to square, thin to moderately thick (keel-like), interspaces somewhat narrow to moderately wide, commonly flat-bottomed. Sutural area impressed. Axial sculpture mostly only growth lines. Last whorl approximately 50 percent or more of shell height. Aperture moderately wide, interior smooth or showing spiral impressions. Columella smooth. Outer lip entire or marginated, rarely thickened. Siphonal canal short and twisted backward, slightly or somewhat strongly. Radula hamiglossate. Periostracum well developed, can be hairy, and with well developed and numerous growth lines. Operculum horny (can be substantially smaller than aperture width). + + + + +Remarks— +The name + +Ancistrolepis + +is feminine and derived from Greek: +ankriston +, for fishhook and +lepis +for scale. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF31FCCCFE86FBDF.xml b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF31FCCCFE86FBDF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1fef6e5a4dd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C9/61/87/C96187CFFFBAEB4BFF31FCCCFE86FBDF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + + +The earliest Ancistrolepis (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and its geologic implications + + + +Author + +Squires, Richard L. + +text + + +PaleoBios + + +2022 + +2022-04-11 + + +39 + + +2 + + +1 +11 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p939257077 + +journal article +10.5070/P939257077 +0031-0298 +13743800 + + + + + + +PARANCISTROLEPIDINAE +HABE, 1972 + + + + + + +Remarks— +Kantor et al. (2021) +noted that subfamily + +Parancistrolepidinae +Habe, 1972 + +has priority over + +Ancistrolepidinae +Habe and Sato, 1973 + +. For a list of genera included in +Parancistrolepidinae +, see +Kantor et al. (2021 +: p. 31). + + + + \ No newline at end of file