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<document id="1F7E62D655AE5A6B9A7D0D9E475D5D74" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2024.63-46" ID-ISSN="1810-522X" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1737345813686" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Castello-Branco, Cristiana &amp; Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2024" docId="2B28120757725C6EE0021708FB66FAD6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.63.46.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 63 (46)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) Thomson 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="D7116A7F57765C68E3761174FFA4FFA3" masterDocTitle="Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population." masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1737349978868" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1CA5C760A1FDAF4E110D8793D2454F57">
<mods:title id="6F2C724293B6CF7FDEE900E193294D35">Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C82C7D6D6A3C7F08CDAE6321F31E6961" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="76D09531A13A5C8399BE30E8D253933C">Castello-Branco, Cristiana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CBC542A264683ECEB02AF6274E6CE424">Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10 th and Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 - 0163, United States of America * Correspondence: E-mail: cristianacbranco @ gmail. com (Castello-Branco) &amp; Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com (Hajdu)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="838EA11DCB0F6419BFC0EC6DA6346AD1" type="email">cristianacbranco@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D64F673169A4997E8CD83513541905F1">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C0E74256FE4AC3CE27D5D0351C78A508">Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com (Hajdu)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6D7A48DBE13D5B15C383E5045E0D3040">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FB730F3161DEDBAF27FD70DB8EBF8FCF">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="B8BA09C6763B0B67F5DECB716AAAC3C9" type="ISSN">1810-522X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2B28120757725C6EE0021708FB66FAD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B28120757725C6EE0021708FB66FAD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B28120757725C6EE0021708FB66FAD6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="EB9BF09A57725C6CE0021708FB44F916" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A33EA31157725C6CE0021708FB44F916" blockId="4.[884,1418,1660,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="F876147D57725C6CE0021708FB44F916" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="5">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357725C6CE0021708FB44F916" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257725C6CE08A1708FB44F916" ID-CoL="85K6G" authority="Thomson, 1873" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357725C6CE08A1708FB13F935" bold="true" box="[1020,1207,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357725C6CE7B11708FA26F935" bold="true" box="[1223,1410,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057725C6CE76817E8FB44F916" author="Thomson CW" box="[1054,1248,1692,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10863" refString="Thomson CW. 1873. The Depths of the Sea. An Account of the General Results of the Dredging Cruises of the H. M. SS. ' Porcupine' and ' Lightning During the Summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, Under the Scientific Direction of Dr. Carpenter FRS, J. Gwyn Jeffreys FRS &amp; Dr. Wyville Thomson FRS. Macmillan and Co.: London, xxi + 527 pp., pls. I - VIII." type="book" year="1873">Thomson, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB9BF09A57725C6EE0F917AAFB66FAD6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A33EA31157725C6CE0F917AAFC3CF836" blockId="4.[850,1451,1757,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357725C6CE0F917AAFBA1F956" box="[911,1029,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257725C6CE76F17A9FB6CF956" authorityName="Thompson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1049,1224,1757,1781]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357725C6CE76F17A9FB6CF956" box="[1049,1224,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without a layer of special spicules (spear-like tylostyles or trochirhabds), lacking special rostriform (snoutlike) subtylostyles in filaments or terminal balls, and without planar vanes formed of evenly spaced upright branches (
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057725C6CE6491629FC28F836" author="Lee WL &amp; Reiswig HM &amp; Austin WC &amp; Lundsten L." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="259 - 284" refId="ref10112" refString="Lee WL, Reiswig HM, Austin WC, Lundsten L. 2012. An extraordinary new carnivorous sponge, Chondrocladia lyra, in the new subgenus Symmetrocladia (Demospongiae, Cladorhizidae), from off of northern California, USA. Invertebr Biol 131: 259 - 284. doi: 10.1111 / ivb. 12001." type="journal article" year="2012">Lee et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7FEF39957735C6DE3FE1793FB82F8B5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,168,1767,1786]" targetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A33EA31157735C6DE3FE1793FB82F8B5" blockId="5.[136,1414,1767,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357735C6DE3FE1793FF67F959" bold="true" box="[136,195,1767,1786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257735C6DE2321793FDB8F959" authorityName="Castello-Branco &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2024" box="[324,540,1767,1786]" class="Demospongiae" family="Phellodermidae" genus="Echinostylinos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357735C6DE2321793FDB8F959" box="[324,540,1767,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Echinostylinos abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AC6C27857735C6DE1551793FDCEF959" box="[547,618,1767,1786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNRJ 17633). A, specimen
<emphasis id="91F57F0357735C6DE00E1793FC0BF95A" box="[888,943,1767,1785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in situ</emphasis>
; B, specimen in ethanol; C, styles I; D, styles II; E, transversal section of skeleton; F, isochelae. Scale bars: B = 10 mm; C, D = 100 µm; E = 500 µm; F = 5 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE3CF1189FD8CFE29" blockId="6.[185,764,253,394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE3CF1189FE50FE95" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE3CF1189FD6AFEB5" authorityName="Castello-Branco &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2024" box="[185,718,253,279]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trisigmata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE3CF1189FED0FEB4" bold="true" box="[185,372,253,279]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE2F21189FD9BFEB4" bold="true" box="[388,575,253,279]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE1391189FD6AFEB5" bold="true" box="[591,718,253,278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">trisigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AC6C27857705C6EE1A31189FE50FE95" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE2CC1049FE5EFEF5" box="[442,506,317,342]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
<uri id="D710AF1357705C6EE3B2102DFD8CFE29" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="D72799C457705C6EE2D8102DFD8CFE29" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ABEFBD2A-55AC-4051-B5FE-50E7FA873FFF</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C10C5FD64FDCA" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C10C5FE68FE6A" box="[234,460,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="13E9A94C57705C6EE29610C5FD64FDCA" collectingDate="1987-05-11" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="N. Boury-Esnault" country="Brazil" elevation="3260" latitude="-21.134" location="Vitoria-Trindade" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-38.4349" municipality="Southwest Atlantic" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="MNRJ 16000" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="7C3A1DB357705C6EE29610C5FDF5FE6A" box="[480,593,433,457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCode id="F3270B6A57705C6EE11610C5FCA5FE6A" box="[608,769,433,457]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNRJ 16000</specimenCode>
, continental rise to the south of the
<location id="A65EF5CA57705C6EE13C10A5FCA2FE4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B28120757725C6EE0021708FB66FAD6:A65EF5CA57705C6EE13C10A5FCA2FE4A" box="[586,774,465,489]" country="Brazil" latitude="-21.134" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-38.4349" municipality="Southwest Atlantic" name="Vitoria-Trindade" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vitória-Trindade</location>
seamounts’ chain, off SE
<collectingCountry id="DB96E38157705C6EE2B41085FDA2FDAA" box="[450,518,497,521]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="435A396B57705C6EE1671085FD79FDAA" box="[529,733,497,521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Southwest Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectionCode id="C5903BD457705C6EE19A1085FD5AFDAA" box="[748,766,497,521]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="C5903BD457705C6EE3D81365FF65FD8B" box="[174,193,529,552]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
‘
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE3A51365FE29FD8A" box="[211,397,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marion Dufresne</emphasis>
’ MD-55 Expedition, Stn. 8 CP17,
<geoCoordinate id="C6B5C5D657705C6EE3D81345FEA5FDEA" box="[174,257,561,585]" degrees="21.134" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="55" value="-21.134">-21.134</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="C6B5C5D657705C6EE26D1345FE24FDEA" box="[283,384,561,585]" degrees="38.4349" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="5" value="-38.4349">-38.4349</geoCoordinate>
), collection method: dredge,
<elevation id="28AC442257705C6EE1B51344FEE7FDCA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.26" metricValueMax="3.27" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="3260.0" valueMax="3270.0" valueMin="3250.0">
<quantity id="64790EF457705C6EE1B51344FF5BFDCB" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.26" metricValueMax="3.27" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="3260.0" valueMax="3270.0" valueMin="3250.0">3250– 3270 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName id="0E74C6C757705C6EE2F51325FDE6FDCA" box="[387,578,593,617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. Boury-Esnault</collectorName>
,
<date id="D73F85D157705C6EE13B1325FD18FDCA" box="[589,700,593,617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1987-05-11">
<collectingDate id="C77B7C3957705C6EE13B1325FD18FDCA" box="[589,700,593,617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1987-05-11">11.V.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C1305FDF1FD0A" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C1305FEF5FD2B" box="[234,337,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: The only
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE2C81305FCA3FD2A" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[446,775,625,649]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE2C81305FDF3FD2A" box="[446,599,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE1131305FD5AFD2A" box="[613,766,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
species with three categories of sigmas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C13C5FEA0FCCA" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C13C5FECAFD6B" box="[234,366,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description</emphasis>
: Massive, rounded; smooth surface with scattered circular structures. No projections seen. Specimen in fragments (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE2A31385FD93FCAA" box="[469,567,753,777]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), the biggest one 12 ×
<quantity id="64790EF457705C6EE39B1265FE99FC8B" box="[237,317,785,809]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
in area and
<quantity id="64790EF457705C6EE2A21264FDB2FC8B" box="[468,534,784,808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
thick. Compressible consistence, rough and easy to tear. Color beige in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C1205FEB0FBEA" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C1205FEE9FC2A" box="[234,333,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Skeleton</emphasis>
: Ectosomal skeleton with a layer of organic material, megascleres
<typeStatus id="7C3A1DB357705C6EE28A12E5FD8EFC0A" box="[508,554,913,937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
II and microscleres arranged irregularly. Choanosomal skeleton with an irregular reticulation of megascleres just below the ectosome, and ascending tracts of styles I with microscleres randomly scattered in the body fragment analyzed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C1525FE3FF9CA" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C1525FEE1FBCA" box="[234,325,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spicules</emphasis>
: Megascleres are two size categories of styles. Styles I (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE21E1505FE66FB2A" box="[360,450,1137,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), smooth, fusiform, one end rounded and the other tapering gradually, conical or hastate; 1287–2126.9–3318 × 19–32.8–50 µm. Styles II (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE3A515A5FE94FB4A" box="[211,304,1233,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
), smooth, straight with one end rounded and the other hastate to conical; 378–1000.7–1232 × 14–18.6–22 µm. Microscleres are two categories of anchorate isochelae, and three categories of sigmas. Isochelae I (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE24F1425FE34FACA" box="[313,400,1361,1385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
), smooth, long shafted, tridentate with pointy alae, 65–82.2–98 µm long. Isochelae II (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE1AA1405FF69FA0A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
), smooth tridentate with pointy alae, 37–42–50 µm long. Sigmas I (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE22B14C5FE10FA6A" box="[349,436,1457,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
), slender, tapering gradually to sharp ends, 77–90.5–96 µm long. Sigmas II (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE1D414A5FD5EFA4A" box="[674,762,1489,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
), similar to sigmas I, but shorter, 22–28.2–36 µm long. Sigmas III (
<figureCitation id="3BBABF9457705C6EE2581765FEDEF98A" box="[302,378,1553,1577]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1767,1786]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-5@7.[136,1413,249,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Holotype of Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata sp. nov. (MNRJ 16000). A, preserved specimen (fragments); B, transversal section of skeleton; C, styles I: D, styles II; E, six isochelae I and one isochela II facing one of them; F, isochelae II; G, sigmas I; H, sigma II; I, sigmas III. Scale bars: A, H = 5 mm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 500 µm; E, G = 10 µm; F, I = 2 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
), C-shaped, markedly fusiform, with central part bearing lateral fimbria-like expansions, 9.6–10.8–13 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C1705FE01F94A" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C1705FDACF92A" box="[234,520,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution and Ecology</emphasis>
: Known only from its
<typeStatus id="7C3A1DB357705C6EE3D817E5FF7AF90A" box="[174,222,1681,1705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality, the continental rise to the south of the Vitória-Trindade seamounts chain region (SW Atlantic), at
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depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C1785FDD6F8CA" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C1785FEC7F8AA" box="[234,355,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology</emphasis>
: The specific epithet,
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE11B1785FD46F8AB" authorityName="Castello-Branco &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2024" box="[621,738,1777,1800]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trisigmata">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE11B1785FD46F8AB" box="[621,738,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">trisigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is used as a noun in apposition, and refers to the three categories of sigmas present in the new species, a distinguishing feature within its subgenus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE39C1605FC08FBD5" blockId="6.[174,775,433,1961]" lastBlockId="6.[850,1452,253,1142]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE39C1605FEF5F82A" box="[234,337,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
: Although these fragments, at first look, do not look like a carnivorous sponge, the specimen was dredged in 1984 on board of the R/ V ‘
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE00F106AFB9AFE95" box="[889,1086,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marion Dufresne</emphasis>
’, it is very common to receive damaged specimens or even only fragments. After careful analyzes of its peculiarities on the surface, plus skeleton and spicule set, we were convinced of its classification.
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE09810E9FAEFFE15" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1006,1355,413,438]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE09810E9FB2BFE16" box="[1006,1167,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE7D710E9FAE6FE16" box="[1185,1346,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chondrocladia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
presents 34 valid species distributed worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE65310C9FC28FE55" author="Ekins M &amp; Erpenbeck D &amp; Hooper JNA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref9495" refString="Ekins M, Erpenbeck D, Hooper JNA. 2020. Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa 4774: 1 - 159. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1." type="journal article" year="2020">Ekins et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE0EC10A9FB2FFE55" author="de Voogd NJ &amp; Alvarez B &amp; Boury-Esnault N &amp; Carballo JL &amp; Cardenas P" box="[922,1163,477,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref9380" refString="de Voogd NJ, Alvarez B, Boury-Esnault N, Carballo JL, Cardenas P et al. 2022. World Porifera Database. Available at: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera. Accessed on 20 Feb. 2022. doi: 10.14284 / 359." type="book" year="2022">de Voogd et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The new species differs from its congeners by the presence of three categories of sigmas (see comparative table including data from all species from every other subgenus, table
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<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE6191349FC74FDD5" author="Ekins M &amp; Erpenbeck D &amp; Hooper JNA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref9495" refString="Ekins M, Erpenbeck D, Hooper JNA. 2020. Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition. Zootaxa 4774: 1 - 159. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4774.1.1." type="journal article" year="2020">Ekins et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE0931329FC2CFD35" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chodrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE0931329FBD9FDD6" box="[997,1149,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chodrocladia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE7E6132AFB0DFDD6" box="[1168,1193,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE7CA132AFA88FDD6" box="[1212,1324,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE6401329FC2CFD35" author="Hentschel E." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref9859" refString="Hentschel E. 1914. Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903 15: 35 - 141, pls. IV - VIII." type="journal article" year="1914">Hentschel, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE0B5130AFAF8FD35" authority="(Schmidt, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[963,1372,637,662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chodrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE0B5130AFC78FD36" box="[963,988,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE098130AFBA3FD36" box="[1006,1031,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE76C130AFB3BFD36" box="[1050,1183,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">concrescens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE7D91309FAF1FD35" author="Schmidt O." box="[1199,1365,637,662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="33 - 90" refId="ref10572" refString="Schmidt O. 1880. Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachtrage zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ' Blake'. Jena: Gustav Fischer, pp. 33 - 90." type="book chapter" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE619130AFA08FD36" box="[1391,1452,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE02413EAFBEEFD16" author="Hestetun JT &amp; Pomponi SA &amp; Rapp HT" box="[850,1098,669,693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="521 - 538" refId="ref9893" refString="Hestetun JT, Pomponi SA, Rapp HT. 2016 b. The cladorhizid fauna (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) of the Caribbean and adjacent waters. Zootaxa 4175: 521 - 538. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.6.2." type="journal article" year="2016">Hestetun et al. 2016b</bibRefCitation>
) were originally reported with two categories each of styles, isochelae and sigmas, however, both species do not present a third category of sigmas (similar to the sigmoid isochelae of
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE6541389FC1AFC96" baseAuthorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Monanchora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arbuscula">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE6541389FC1AFC96" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Monanchora arbuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), an apomorphy of the new species. Further distinctness is apparent from a detailed analysis of spicules’ shape and micrometries. Both formerly known species have sigmas that can reach considerably larger dimensions (143–165 µm, and 69–97 µm, respectively; cf. Göcke and Janussen 2013;
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE7E312CAFA8CFC75" author="Topsent E." box="[1173,1320,958,982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref11024" refString="Topsent E. 1920. Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco 381: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent 1920</bibRefCitation>
). In the case of
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE00512AAFBF5FC56" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[883,1105,990,1014]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chodrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="concrescens" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE00512AAFC28FC56" box="[883,908,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE0E912AAFC1CFC56" box="[927,952,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE0BD12AAFBF5FC56" box="[971,1105,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">concrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, isochelae I can also be much larger (110–130 µm) and have six teeth, while isochelae II differ markedly in their bird-cage shape plus four to six teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE0C9154AFBF2FBF5" author="Topsent E." box="[959,1110,1086,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref11024" refString="Topsent E. 1920. Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strasbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco 381: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent 1920</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3b;
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE7CC154AFA03FBF6" author="Hestetun JT &amp; Pomponi SA &amp; Rapp HT" box="[1210,1447,1085,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="521 - 538" refId="ref9893" refString="Hestetun JT, Pomponi SA, Rapp HT. 2016 b. The cladorhizid fauna (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) of the Caribbean and adjacent waters. Zootaxa 4175: 521 - 538. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.6.2." type="journal article" year="2016">Hestetun et al. 2016b</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE02415E9FB6EFB15" blockId="6.[850,1226,1181,1206]" box="[850,1226,1181,1206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE02415E9FB6EFB15" bold="true" box="[850,1226,1181,1206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">New taxonomic combinations</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33EA31157705C6EE0F915AAFB66FAD6" blockId="6.[850,1451,1245,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
In order to clarify some questions pointed in other studies related to
<taxonomicName id="6481D89257705C6EE7EC1589FA0EFAB6" box="[1178,1450,1277,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE7EC1589FAEEFAB6" box="[1178,1354,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Echinostylinos</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="91F57F0357705C6EE02B146AFC23FA96" box="[861,903,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">e.g.</emphasis>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE0BC1469FB61FA96" author="Carvalho MS &amp; Lopes DA &amp; Cosme B &amp; Hajdu E." box="[970,1221,1309,1333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref9213" refString="Carvalho MS, Lopes DA, Cosme B, Hajdu E. 2016. Seven new species of sponges (Porifera) from deep-sea coral mounds at Campos Basin (SW Atlantic). Helgoland Mar Res 70: 10. doi: 10.1186 / s 10152 - 016 - 0461 - z." type="journal volume" year="2016">Carvalho et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE057705C6EE7A31469FC2AFAF6" author="Vacelet J &amp; Kelly M." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="298 - 300" refId="ref11217" refString="Vacelet J, Kelly M. 2022. Synonymy of Abyssocladia mucronata Vacelet, 2020 with Echinostylinos gorgonopsis Levi, 1993. Zootaxa 5128: 298 - 300. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5128.2.9." type="journal article" year="2022">Vacelet and Kelly 2022</bibRefCitation>
), taxonomic revisions are needed and two new combinations are proposed below:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="9AD719437B62B17042410B3827C3D74C">Castello-Branco, Cristiana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DE9283510A613F1EEBA6A0D09F2CEA88">Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10 th and Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 - 0163, United States of America * Correspondence: E-mail: cristianacbranco @ gmail. com (Castello-Branco) &amp; Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com (Hajdu)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F35CA0875342A72F5D1DA1033E22FDB1" type="email">cristianacbranco@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2247CD4476599D85BA5B0A202536C2D9">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8304CF79A9D4119A3827322CD178B2AD">Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com (Hajdu)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2024FBB0341584DFA901DCA1DDDA9E57" type="email">hajdu@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7B2541D37BCE0EF88F830EEA1B72FD45">
<mods:title id="C7AD099F0640965234B1C224A6B9B23F">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="23539AC4B827F884E2AF4B332AB24016">
<mods:date id="C0254DD18C92645FFE9C261B088FC494">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F9A9CD3BC79EBEBC7C0556BD850B8A12" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1CFF8F53CD3E328705E26945F4558A60">2024-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1F282934BE686C9169FC9141C516F36C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4D2793CF4F877961398C2925E9788D75">63</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="546FF619C7880DC84C6E54A320805B93">46</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="E790F55682CD5763596600DEDC4D109C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6F77A1976639B281A504B674BE337324">141</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1221388E220FA86B930798F78BD95697">149</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="0FC703541A00F5E8A2B1E6863E9FB199">http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="56F4CA94943FE940B73C98499AD989AE" type="DOI">10.6620/ZS.2024.63-46</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9F05BBBDFE51F0CB90BF5A8020C5093C" type="ISSN">1810-522X</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="EB9BF09A577E5C60E2621008FD05FE35" box="[276,673,380,406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A33EA311577E5C60E2621008FD05FE35" blockId="8.[276,673,380,406]" box="[276,673,380,406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="F876147D577E5C60E2621008FD05FE35" box="[276,673,380,406]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
<emphasis id="91F57F03577E5C60E2621008FD05FE35" bold="true" box="[276,673,380,406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="6481D892577E5C60E2181009FD05FE35" ID-CoL="84L25" authority="Levi, 1964" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[366,673,380,406]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91F57F03577E5C60E2181009FDBEFE35" bold="true" box="[366,538,381,406]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Abyssocladia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C710DEE0577E5C60E1571008FD05FE35" author="Levi C." box="[545,673,380,406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref10170" refString="Levi C. 1964. Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report. Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 52: 63 - 112." type="journal article" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EB9BF09A577E5C60E39C10CAFDEEFDD6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A33EA311577E5C60E39C10CAFDEEFDD6" blockId="8.[174,776,445,629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="91F57F03577E5C60E39C10CAFEF2FE76" box="[234,342,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="6481D892577E5C60E21010C9FE58FE76" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[358,508,445,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
most often pedunculate, carrying a disk-shaped or flabelliform body with a radial architecture, in other cases pinnate or branching. Microscleres are a combination of abyssochelae, cleistochelae, arcuate chelae and/or sigmancistras, but not placochelae (Hestetun et al. 2016).
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