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<taxonomicName LSID="FCC57D1D-588B-5F64-B4DA-EEA2F14E7898" authority="(C. Pfeiffer, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">Tandonia nigra (C. Pfeiffer, 1894)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Living specimens of Tandonia. A, B Tandonia rustica A sequenced specimen NMBE 568974, Wartau, Truebbach B sequenced specimen NMBE 568973, Rovio, Sovaglia C, D Tandonia rustica (two mottled specimens) meeting a pale colour morph specimen of Tandonia nigra, Val Cuerta, Mt. Generoso E, F Tandonia budapestensis E NMBE 571881, Roggwil, F NMBE 571882, Meggen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725589" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">, 7C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="149B2069F9A96AB5DE65BCEECD53A78B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E14E901FBA8551E2FAB721E26AD0A5A4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9933BB5FD270FA7C633FBB7355B9673C" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Living specimens of Tandonia. A, B Tandonia rustica A sequenced specimen NMBE 568974, Wartau, Truebbach B sequenced specimen NMBE 568973, Rovio, Sovaglia C, D Tandonia rustica (two mottled specimens) meeting a pale colour morph specimen of Tandonia nigra, Val Cuerta, Mt. Generoso E, F Tandonia budapestensis E NMBE 571881, Roggwil, F NMBE 571882, Meggen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725589" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">, 7C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="08A561093B13499123BA994803003595" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">, 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">Tandonia nigra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="29145A5189D3410BE8A6D00187027CC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4DC0D8D1E1B79FFF8B6C2437CA4D5655" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1B4D73BFCA8C741C3DE7B2A7538440CA" baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">Tandonia nigra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Amalia
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">Tandonia nigra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E18F65C5021FAD873B9D7446B276A00" baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">Tandonia nigra</taxonomicName>
|
||||
C. Pfeiffer, 1894, Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 26: 68 [Gipfel des Mte. Generoso (1695 m.)].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="type specimen">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Type specimen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5FCF25ADED531A2F859C3BB5598719E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="type specimen">
|
||||
<paragraph id="228EC6DF93A42F8488A0F4F15D28FA25" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Type specimen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7EEC0ADAF707DF104C6B4394DF9BC9CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5902B4E06A1A22EB5473A5F9B594CD7C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
SMF 107558.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="477F07542FCA82635FA4861329511BE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F137C2E5DC7353A5807504CAC179432E" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3EA9CB1CF737C1DDFB85238A1C23FF69" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
Torus with spikes inside the vagina, epiphallus with a field of nodes on the surface; for other character states, refer to the paragraph under
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C21133F1337C8B51FC1126E9C9350D5B" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9E3C206099A745D1E36C6786600D7358" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B8FBAFB51C64E14A7E6CA42B981A36C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="49E1418D33BF12D7E948B49F535573E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="37FFAC16CDC42E2D514FB3F59A86BBB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2B2896DBFC9F2B87A812005F3A79262F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A868DAEB02231FCBC2FC7119AB81CD7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The animals at the type locality are dark blackish brown coloured with the dorsum almost black (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0FA8AFFD2B6970604209E3D0DC732B6A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5AF26CE43A2E4FDA8BC99E655234C624" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In lower altitudes of the mountain, animals were dark grey (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D261C4E561C9AADF161F26BAC7601906" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) to almost white in colour, with the mantle and dorsum finely blotched (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9AD83DE4E31F68FEDAAAE89E90F0E651" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Two animals also had a light greyish cream ground colouration, one with darker small grey blotches all over the body (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0ED757DBFE3E96524BD400A0DF526D7" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Colour variations of Tandonia nigra. A greyish morph from Rovio, waterfall at Botto, NMBE 568980 B, C topotype from summit area; NMBE 569047 D Mendrisio, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570972 E Capolago, Val Cuerta, NMBE 570971 F Rovio, Sasso Piatto, NMBE 570974." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="563801E4D902C93E2057FE8E0912A807" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="64AFAD6AD2FDEFB2DE4E444451BE9CE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C62F9ED798F54FAF12718D8354415776" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BFA62A5CEBF56DBC6613B4199EC9486" baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="68A5430B6AD991A814BD144EF137E143" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A-F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0CE7A1CD08FF2C5BC8A2BC916FEBE056" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A-F</emphasis>
|
||||
sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDA9E1FCBD78E565AC5825C963372660" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view right
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="289304573E05B48FE20602A10BE93CBE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">B</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A07422FA0E6D37005E6FC1896D5B3D63" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">C</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E98D69734DC08E5DE587E0400970C799" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">D</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view left
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D28901DDF99FC8BDFDEDFBCB64675C24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">E</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CABA0B022ED87207C3CB849B6C62209A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">F</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">The mantle generally matches the dorsal colour. For the topotypic specimen, dots at the edges of the mantle are lacking. However, in light colour morphs, the mantle appears slightly darker than the dorsum because of the accumulated dots and blotches. In many of these specimens the highest density is along the sinus groove.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">For the topotypical colour morph the flanks are pigmented as the dorsum, but with a narrow, paler greyish stripe just above the edge of the sole with little blackish grey dots and stripes. This also refers to the flanks below the edge of mantle. In the light colour morphs, the dorsum and flanks are covered by very fine dark dots on the top of the tubercles (not along the grove lines; not a reticulation). This pigmentation pattern is found from the dorsum down to the edge of the sole. Some larger, irregularly scattered black spots more posterior on dorsum and flanks add to this remarkable colouration. The flanks below the mantle lack this dark pigmentation and are of a paler colour than the rest.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Neck and head in the dark colour morphs are black as are the ommatophores. The ommatophores are somewhat translucent, and the black ommatophoran retractor can be seen through the integument. No black dotting on the ommatophores is visible. The tentacles are black. In the light colour morphs, the head, neck and the ommatophores are always darker if compared to the body colour.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">The keel is of the same colour as the body and thus difficult to see in a crawling animal.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">The sole is uniformly creamy yellowish grey in all specimens. In one topotypic specimen, the posterior ends of the lateral sole fields are pigmented with dark grey dots. In two other specimens, the seam of the sole is pale grey with irregularly dispersed, small black dots.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Mantle structures</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5FBAB770067B36572DFB12F4DD977AB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">The mantle generally matches the dorsal colour. For the topotypic specimen, dots at the edges of the mantle are lacking. However, in light colour morphs, the mantle appears slightly darker than the dorsum because of the accumulated dots and blotches. In many of these specimens the highest density is along the sinus groove.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="67E50F999C000162275D15C33D2D7CC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">For the topotypical colour morph the flanks are pigmented as the dorsum, but with a narrow, paler greyish stripe just above the edge of the sole with little blackish grey dots and stripes. This also refers to the flanks below the edge of mantle. In the light colour morphs, the dorsum and flanks are covered by very fine dark dots on the top of the tubercles (not along the grove lines; not a reticulation). This pigmentation pattern is found from the dorsum down to the edge of the sole. Some larger, irregularly scattered black spots more posterior on dorsum and flanks add to this remarkable colouration. The flanks below the mantle lack this dark pigmentation and are of a paler colour than the rest.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="124D33631E19D31D55C2DC756E276C76" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Neck and head in the dark colour morphs are black as are the ommatophores. The ommatophores are somewhat translucent, and the black ommatophoran retractor can be seen through the integument. No black dotting on the ommatophores is visible. The tentacles are black. In the light colour morphs, the head, neck and the ommatophores are always darker if compared to the body colour.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C01761D6894195F686EACA883502C590" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">The keel is of the same colour as the body and thus difficult to see in a crawling animal.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5E697FB2D0349F79835BD9DB37CFFA96" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">The sole is uniformly creamy yellowish grey in all specimens. In one topotypic specimen, the posterior ends of the lateral sole fields are pigmented with dark grey dots. In two other specimens, the seam of the sole is pale grey with irregularly dispersed, small black dots.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3585024C3D5282E762A6EFB29E8DD1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="337514F70131F4002FF2E8FBDBA30878" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="40F0D5D689A298874A844488D794E0F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Mantle structures</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The pneumostome is positioned on the right side, at ca.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6483E6A0741F463A3ED590BE857EF0BC" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||||
of mantle length, well posteriorly of the middle of the mantle, surrounded by a narrow and almost invisible ring-like structure (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2870209B6E424AFE9A26A04A1038BACA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The visibility of surface structures in living animals strongly depends on the age of the specimen, its condition, and the general air humidity when it is observed. The surface of mantle, besides the sinus groove, can be totally smooth (high temperature/humidity and high production of mucus) or very finely crenulated, or a stage between; the sinus groove is completely visible, often accentuated by a dark pigmentation, reaching almost the end of the posterior mantle edge. The slit of the pneumostome runs anteriorly to at least the dorsal edge of pneumostome. The posterior margin of the mantle is not tightly attached to the integument. The posterior free mantle flap covers the anterior integument-tubercles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4B12AEAE253BE3C1685D6EC7E22683B6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) as well as the slit-like transverse openings of the postpallial pocket organ (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A837FDEFB493D192AB93A8555823DA5F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tandonia nigra. A-F sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, Monte Generoso, Rovio, Calvagione, 1.650 m alt A lateral view right B dorsal view C ventral view D lateral view left E dorsal view showing the postpallial pocket organ (indicated with arrows) F lateral right view of mantel with pneumostome. Abbreviation: ppo = postpallial pocket organ." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725586" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">4E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The posterior mantle edge is markedly indented (curved).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Postpallial pocket organ</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E50495C5DB840B1ACE245DDB2FABD76C" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02C86328C891A9469E96A35895CFEBD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F0B150DCB7D7B989B20FE787F57F20C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Postpallial pocket organ</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
As in
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Millet" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="10B8690903D2EEFB4788FFDE167C8CDE" baseAuthorityName="Millet" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="886E03370A460327D945740579A1B506" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Integument structures</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A87DF4EB1EA66CA516BD6DD6B065F47C" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F3EFF8A70124D0EE56DBE15EBBA852C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0919858E5DABF9473FC46350BDFD21B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Integument structures</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The number of tr of integument, from the slit of pneumostome to the keel does not vary much (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5B37AE6CB6C9EBD5C786B0E588726C07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 3; the topotypes only); from tr 15-17). The surface texture and the width of tubercles in live specimens vary depending on their position on the body. The tr do not appear to be strongly divided in several compartments, only few compartments exist. The tr are all finely crenulated, but also can appear to be totally smooth. In all specimens, the keel extends from the posterior margin of the mantle to the end of the dorsum and is entirely smooth. It is not erected, but evenly rounded, sometimes almost flat and not exposed over the dorsal tr.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Sole structure</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D3FD4FF675C3AFCF74B7E9E0BA08F99" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9C1DA9AAAA08E857F552B24936ED60D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B90143362EC9BA3E1684B1D84B5B32CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Sole structure</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
As in
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Millet" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DCEE46DCC75D01963965DE0153055A92" baseAuthorityName="Millet" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="697E6AE5D4252F286F83C45052D4E457" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="00BC90F7D734ADB68106F24C93958D0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D0F780727DF78CA4935A336F563FA86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="433B1EEB80969D13AADD7528A626137C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
lw (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2B51E6B2E9DEB011394BE0189D56AC47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 3): 1.35-2.5 g,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ø">o</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="711909816F8D9877E8F7ACA3E6CAAEA3" originalValue="ø">o</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1.85 g; tl (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E1B1675D70B5C30B30E97F5297017101" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 2): 46 mm and 70 mm; ml (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0D5901C016555D4DD01EDEC24C3F0A13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 2): 17 mm and 22 mm; sw (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="90DA2FBD9CEBCA50DB83AE31C197F304" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 2): 4.5 mm and 5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F52313AE1D796C75753AC78DE123CD43" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
Ratio of tl/ml ranges from ca. 46/17 mm to 70/22 mm;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ø">o</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E71F423097FBA2FC332EBE075241CA8F" originalValue="ø">o</normalizedToken>
|
||||
ml being a little more than 1/3 of tl.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Mucus</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="88864232E066694EDE705368B795A114" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EFA143A5E768F0A3D147BD3EB46DEEE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3119D500F4D7939FE0CB173F3F0AABB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Mucus</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The mucus is transparent on body, mantle and sole, and sticky. So far, no coloured defensive mucus was observed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Genital organs</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B85081F0A1879DE6B3A2039BCB594328" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="667ACC4C3FC02677FD9337A05A588295" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CC4B752DEF49A94D329331DFBAEE057" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Genital organs</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Atrium short; penis tubular, constricted in the middle; interior penial wall with a prominent transversely oriented fold; distal to the fold a simple penis papilla (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="95733742C147D92151F5D4CC76FFEAC7" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); papilla base slightly swollen; penis and epiphallus equal in length and diameter, divided by a constriction, where penis retractor muscle inserts; epiphallus surface with nodular structures primarily on its proximal end.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="388CA9A5B1B07A7AEE49FC9D2039AE8A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3521B841F90A91289F430AD5BCD6CAE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6691BD06DCFD2B9C9613B165A3449EE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E4A65FBEB389614CD4E07628C32A30B1" baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="795452C09A58C46F3EC26582D269BF21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A-D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="14490F4EAE93684A1A42163FFB864247" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A-D</emphasis>
|
||||
sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="861DB5F9918F1BA09D3F331D4AAE8152" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">A</emphasis>
|
||||
situs of genitalia
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FABA08EBE9ACE513E6FFD7435FA17F66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">B</emphasis>
|
||||
penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA999B742A52460EA3B875D6FCAB57EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">C</emphasis>
|
||||
epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A926F1331F252154D29B9F1483BC1223" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">D</emphasis>
|
||||
vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A962B8176E23C4A7743CFF17E5A22BFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">E</emphasis>
|
||||
sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph id="818A43E15862CB55D27FCC90E8AA20D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
Vagina shorter than penis; accessory glands entering distally on vagina, close to pedunculus and oviduct, formed by a broad truncus with bundles of tubuli attached; the vaginal walls richly covered with folds forming a zig zag pattern; a prominent torus with a row of acute conical spikes running through the vagina from atrium almost reaching the branching point of the pedunculus of the bursa copulatrix (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8C648585A1489FF6B12BE5D93002A394" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); pedunculus shorter than vesicle; vesicle elongated, rounded at the tip; oviduct slim and long.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Spermatophore</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F231E311011C37BC95D669477E711BD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B65586FB6D40BE04DCCDAB9BA8449577" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A230F7EFCD774B2E80260DEA8987BB5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Spermatophore</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
No spermatophore found in our specimens. It was described and figured by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Regteren Altena, CO van" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="43 - 48" refId="B27" refString="Regteren Altena, CO van, 1953. Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894). Basteria 17 (3): 43 - 48" title="Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894)." volume="17" year="1953">Regteren Altena (1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F8CC0C916B066DD64D285A7D1EECA4E9" author="Regteren Altena, CO van" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="43 - 48" refId="B27" refString="Regteren Altena, CO van, 1953. Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894). Basteria 17 (3): 43 - 48" title="Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894)." volume="17" year="1953">Regteren Altena (1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 7).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EA4C98C4839F41EFC3A6FE5A90E5377D" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F143845EEF540D71020DAB8C99EA9C37" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9F5E5570B604DE82F03BAE6031E8D370" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="73210B41BB27C8518C352006F70E1526" baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E2109A7DC60D735C52538620D246BF06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a rarely found species in Switzerland, and all locally constricted to the Sottoceneri, which is the southern part of the Canton of Ticino, including the districts Lugano and Mendrisio. Our series is very small (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3FDA389B83E8A097AD6291430F0DB0A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 9). All specimens are from Canton Ticino, from a very restricted area around the Monte Generoso only, including the type locality (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="58488D7F91BBA9EABBEB0943FD6EFA7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 3). For more information refer to chapters Remarks and Discussion.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="55EF93A04416CA75D908E6B820BD0AEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E36445C6BCB8D12F76AD185AAD550B6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C2CAB4D591DBB69EEAD0E4D6BFA22AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
In the summit region of Monte Generoso,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="542ED16C5B17446D091223F3A3FF62A5" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F75FA535C2BC215343B58456FF4D1B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lives in crevice-rich limestone rocks, which are sparsely vegetated. Under dry weather conditions
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D3BDED6C7A3E216CF80D21DA7A6D643" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="959E7B5594454F3B916A21817DCC0946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is rarely found active on the surface, it is hidden in rock crevices, at least during the day. In the summit region, only very dark-coloured animals have been observed so far. In lower altitudes,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CC561DB4B7CC8C416C2CCDF720D5482" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="492968C038169A7C7D5BABB19244C4D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is so far recorded in semi-natural deciduous forests. These are various mixed deciduous forests with beech, hop hornbeam, lime, field maple, ash, hazel, common whitebeam, and manna ash (i.e., southern alpine toothwort beech forest,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Cardamino-Fagetum cyclametosum</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A115C2564E1E60662F5854CFA29DDF03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Cardamino-Fagetum cyclametosum</emphasis>
|
||||
, hop hornbeam forest,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Orno-Ostryon</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="76641D21C2AFE08908AADDCB9C43232E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Orno-Ostryon</emphasis>
|
||||
). All habitats are relatively shady. At higher altitudes, these forests are relatively dry, at lower altitudes they tend to be fresh to moist. For the snails, retreat sites with a certain soil cover and air humidity are important. In autumn 2021, however, two animals could be observed crawling during the day in relatively high humidity on a crack-rich, largely dry retaining wall. The first wall was on a mortared garden retaining wall on a natural road, the other on a dry stone wall along a road. Both walls are situated in semi-shade and are only exposed to sunlight for a few hours a day. In the forest,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40306E27DE0D04DCB1E5A67231A36A94" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="45F6D140A1C1653562F6499F7F7960D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found under stones, amongst fallen leaves, in rock crevices and on dead wood. During several hikes in the summit region, only single animals were observed in humid conditions and during sunrise.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">So far, all records in Switzerland originate from areas with a good calcium supply. The altitudinal range of its habitats spans from 435 m near Rovio to the highest point at 1700 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BB3C2B22D33CE0A1AF31CC3392790394" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">So far, all records in Switzerland originate from areas with a good calcium supply. The altitudinal range of its habitats spans from 435 m near Rovio to the highest point at 1700 m.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="life history">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Life history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FB4F38F219912ABF77E9808A6E9D6386" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="life history">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EAF802F7317A4ABCBF646D2D43E6EE35" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Life history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F75498104AAF861705D9A09D3F830FC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
There are almost no observations on the biology of the species published.
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0B6964583B69BAB02E6CAB4217FF568C" baseAuthorityName="C. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DEA912DF194C472B208264CBC23CDF33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeds on fallen leaves, but possibly also on lichens and detritus. Mating behaviour and reproduction mode are not yet described. A specimen with spermatophore was collected on 30 July 1948 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Regteren Altena, CO van" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="43 - 48" refId="B27" refString="Regteren Altena, CO van, 1953. Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894). Basteria 17 (3): 43 - 48" title="Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894)." volume="17" year="1953">Regteren Altena 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8D6816749E832749BC25C93324252966" author="Regteren Altena, CO van" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="43 - 48" refId="B27" refString="Regteren Altena, CO van, 1953. Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894). Basteria 17 (3): 43 - 48" title="Notes sur les limaces. 1. A propos de Milax niger (Carl Pfeiffer, 1894)." volume="17" year="1953">Regteren Altena 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). We conclude that the copulation season for
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA55EA4DD726009712F141212C580AEC" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="687E8BE0907DAFCA0E353B81C16EFFEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is in July.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0836E7327C85CA8653FB9227711C5EB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="894AA03C0FAE9EAE4CEB019943462DE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7FE8F01CD383244E9F5119577FF1A37C" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
The author of this species is Karl Ludwig Pfeiffer (1874-1952), who usually published under the name Karl L. Pfeiffer = K. L. Pfeiffer (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Zilch, A" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="324 - 326" refId="B43" refString="Zilch, A, 1972. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, IX. Zur Konchylien-Sammlung von K. L. Pfeiffer. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 22: 324 - 326" title="Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, IX. Zur Konchylien-Sammlung von K. L. Pfeiffer." volume="22" year="1972">Zilch 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FEC9E3CD73388EE7554009042E391751" author="Zilch, A" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="324 - 326" refId="B43" refString="Zilch, A, 1972. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, IX. Zur Konchylien-Sammlung von K. L. Pfeiffer. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 22: 324 - 326" title="Zur Geschichte der deutschen Malakozoologie, IX. Zur Konchylien-Sammlung von K. L. Pfeiffer." volume="22" year="1972">Zilch 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6FCBA6B67704E336C6EDA0C9325D7C3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
The most remarkable new finding is the presence of several/additional colour morphs in
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7907FF995284E1914FAD3AAEE9B70B25" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="723D3E52B5C17FA04C5D43F7048C1508" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfeiffer’s">Pfeiffer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="74EFC5B4A56B4F6BE47D894D130162A3" author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5FDA558CE7BF4EDA55080C387378E724" originalValue="Pfeiffer’s">Pfeiffer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1894)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
sketchy description of the "small and slim" single specimen (most probably a juvenile) he had collected in autumn 1893, is rather uninformative. Nonetheless, he described a few interesting details concerning the colouration: "almost entirely deep black, only towards the sole somewhat lighter, with two longitudinal black lines leaving a very fine yellow line between". The "very fine yellow line" describes the peripodial groove, the first black line a stripe (peripodial fold) just above the yellow line, the second black line must be the edge of the sole. In our topotypes (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F7DB453AFF8D46FD576BEECA9D11B1A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">n</emphasis>
|
||||
= 3) such a fine yellow line was missing in two specimens, while in the other one the line was creamy white. The extremely fine black lines are in fact not visible by the bare eye only. Pfeiffer found "the keel as black as the dorsum and mantle".
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiktor, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="153 - 319" refId="B41" refString="Wiktor, A, 1987. Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici 41: 153 - 319" title="Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph." volume="41" year="1987">Wiktor (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D5E51E596F1DFC357D2985B14AA0644D" author="Wiktor, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="153 - 319" refId="B41" refString="Wiktor, A, 1987. Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici 41: 153 - 319" title="Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph." volume="41" year="1987">Wiktor (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
mentioned that "Pfeiffer thought it can be a melanistic form of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="07052A1E1901970BC83A56027E44E279" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0FC96A9069413C7E07AB5B817338D122" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
", but
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="97B88B32DDC658DF890EA72DF09B0102" author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
did not mention
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84976348AA9B6F2505EFC89DE5A16D4A" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="403BABC3FA546E2C1F0307D5AD9564AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at all. Wiktor described the colouration based on a single topotypic specimen (Rijksmuseum Leiden no. 988), which also had been examined by Regteren Altena in 1953. This specimen was differing in some respects from the original description by Pfeiffer: "Mantle at first sight uniformly black, in fact at its edges very dense black dots on dirty creamy ground, visible however only in magnification". The differences in these descriptions already indicated that for this species some intraspecific variation can be expected.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7385CA2F58F1EDD94693D4DCBFAD6980" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
Our recent research on the new additional colour morphs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="308DCAF9ED28CCACC4303AB3B5952FA7" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE8513A46D03E5E7618538D8CB906463" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at the lower altitudes of Mt. Generoso at Mendrisio, Val
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cürta">Cuerta</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6C94F11C36FB1311D6459DB0B71D061E" originalValue="Cürta">Cuerta</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(PM), and from the surrounding of Rovio (pers. comm. K. Lassauer 2020) has confirmed this impression. These pale creamy specimens were first thought to belong to a different, potentially new species, but our genetic assessment evidenced that these are just colour morphs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B4A55D95DD5A423D95072E1E474C404E" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BC023D47B22B7BC2AD34D466B3B6F74D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The penis papilla in some pale colour morphs was less fleshy and bulgy than the topotypic adult specimens. The difference in the penis papilla of some lighter colour morphs might be due to their subadult stage. Concerning the anatomy, the nodular structure on the epiphallus has been visible in fully adult but also in subadult specimens. In some cases, the lumen of the epiphallus was filled with transparent, tiny globuli (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="87F39B0280DB9794DC6F56104D8D7E22" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Tandonia nigra. A-D sequenced topotype NMBE 569047, genital organs A situs of genitalia B penis with epiphallus showing the granulation on the epiphallial surface and the penis papilla C epiphallus opened to show the transparent globuli D vagina opened showing the torus with the row of spikes E sequenced specimen NMBE 568980, situs of genitalia. Abbreviations: a = atrium; bc = bursa copulatrix; ep = epiphallus; fod = free oviduct; p = penis; ped = pedunculus; pp = penial papilla; spo = spermoviduct; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens; vg = vaginal gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.82762.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/725587" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) of unknown function.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FF31F5063DF9C4B4EFCEB56A879847F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
In each of the Swiss specimens examined, the posterior end of mantle is markedly indented, as it was already described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1DE7B28FEFE4C2A3882EB52BB467B9F7" author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5C722C7DF493F3E64B3B105CE2F4D144" author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found nine tr on both sides of the body. Most probably he counted the number of tr between keel and the edge of the sole, i.e., at mid of the dorsum downwards to the edge of the sole.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiktor, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="153 - 319" refId="B41" refString="Wiktor, A, 1987. Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici 41: 153 - 319" title="Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph." volume="41" year="1987">Wiktor (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E389A00564598646A490C3E8369475F9" author="Wiktor, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="153 - 319" refId="B41" refString="Wiktor, A, 1987. Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici 41: 153 - 319" title="Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph." volume="41" year="1987">Wiktor (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported 13 tr from the single specimen examined by him. This result also does not compare to our counts in the topotypes. The tr can also be totally smooth as already reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FE55C338CAD18E9BA710DF03D2641501" author="Pfeiffer, C" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="68 - 71" refId="B24" refString="Pfeiffer, C, 1894. Kleine Reiseergebnisse. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoloogischen Gesellschaft 26: 68 - 71" title="Kleine Reiseergebnisse." volume="26" year="1894">Pfeiffer (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The high number of tr will always allow differentiating
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F1B59801835121EF3B8233DBBCDDC61" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9C7DBE0805D0C098F5C0CD20F58BD0A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. budapestensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="budapestensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. budapestensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51E9623B84A5DF203CAE2035EA0BE1A6" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. budapestensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="budapestensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD69C6D890967A17C25FC3B76DD22B56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. budapestensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but not necessarily from juvenile
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="13B0A6E3F6891CD4872E32974E2A528D" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. rustica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rustica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="16DB17C8F359483BB19833656712B718" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. rustica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
if not taking pigmentation into account. Concluding, the main intraspecific variability can be found in the body pigmentation as well as in the number of tr on the body. Given the few specimens investigated so far, essentially more research is required to cover all variants in this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6DA42156CDC8A8D433618DAB66DDA08F" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
For a rather long period,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="75E76D656F8E748BF168BB8DB5383364" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1AA1273597D6CD64A31AD31AEB15DF75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, was thought to constitute an endemic species for Switzerland, or it was omitted as a member of the Swiss Fauna (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" refId="B7" refString="Forcart, L, 1942. Die Verbreitung der Limaciden und Milaciden in der Schweiz. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 74(2/3): 114-119." title="Die Verbreitung der Limaciden und Milaciden in der Schweiz. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 74 (2 / 3): 114 - 119." year="1942">Forcart 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B57D3D569E0CADE9F8F20EE1EE02AB75" author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" refId="B7" refString="Forcart, L, 1942. Die Verbreitung der Limaciden und Milaciden in der Schweiz. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 74(2/3): 114-119." title="Die Verbreitung der Limaciden und Milaciden in der Schweiz. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 74 (2 / 3): 114 - 119." year="1942">Forcart 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Quite recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Raehle, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="5 - 10" refId="B26" refString="Raehle, W, 1997. Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae). Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 60: 5 - 10" title="Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae)." volume="60" year="1997">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rähle">Raehle</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B319D33604A18D04D12A3C0B4CC18FD6" author="Raehle, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="5 - 10" refId="B26" refString="Raehle, W, 1997. Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae). Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 60: 5 - 10" title="Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae)." volume="60" year="1997">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CA5D99D907CF353D2F55C63DA932A212" originalValue="Rähle">Raehle</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1997)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identified a population of a small black
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lessona & Pollonera" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B01A09ABF1E72804E8BAA8D367D72396" authorityName="Lessona & Pollonera" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Tandonia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tandonia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="79489B4B29761AE924F89E7632CFC06A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Tandonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species from Valle Brembilla, Bergamo, Italy (coll. SMNS) as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AEDB4468E2FC3DA522FBD6811FF5F07D" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A09408D4D1208FB399CD3660C6BE7E5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" refId="B8" refString="Forcart, L, 1959. Milax simrothi Hesse in Nordtirol. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 88(4/6): 195." title="Milax simrothi Hesse in Nordtirol. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 88 (4 / 6): 195." year="1959">Forcart (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F3BE3CBA9183E4832FEDAC429B8D8E6" author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" refId="B8" refString="Forcart, L, 1959. Milax simrothi Hesse in Nordtirol. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 88(4/6): 195." title="Milax simrothi Hesse in Nordtirol. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 88 (4 / 6): 195." year="1959">Forcart (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identified a sample (NMB 06166a) from Austria, north Tirol as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.Hesse" authorityYear="1923" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milax simrothi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simrothi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Milax simrothi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A5878F36A72F02B63FA00C1BC06FC248" authorityName="P.Hesse" authorityYear="1923" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Milax simrothi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simrothi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0CED7CC72F5B872B2F99F35FCFF152C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Milax simrothi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hesse, P" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="193 - 198" refId="B13" refString="Hesse, P, 1923. Kritische Fragmente XXV-XXVII. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 55: 193 - 198" title="Kritische Fragmente XXV-XXVII." volume="55" year="1923">Hesse 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="670356A5AFA85E89133983BD0A03F06B" author="Hesse, P" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="193 - 198" refId="B13" refString="Hesse, P, 1923. Kritische Fragmente XXV-XXVII. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 55: 193 - 198" title="Kritische Fragmente XXV-XXVII." volume="55" year="1923">Hesse 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, which subsequently was corrected by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiktor, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="153 - 319" refId="B41" refString="Wiktor, A, 1987. Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici 41: 153 - 319" title="Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph." volume="41" year="1987">Wiktor (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7D11C7B52637AF9B097255DA765EE1E6" author="Wiktor, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="153 - 319" refId="B41" refString="Wiktor, A, 1987. Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici 41: 153 - 319" title="Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - systematic monograph." volume="41" year="1987">Wiktor (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E010AC5548A648E331CC0297F016618A" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F5EECE92A498F7782DA5BF061F7A989" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We received a specimen identified by G. Nardi as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9EBA55BDF8C6D51996EE6B3358277C82" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BDAAFCA859128DE38A3447CE8CF17826" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Italy, Laxolo, Valle Brembilla, Bergamo (NMBE 561307), which is almost identical with
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rähle’s">Raehle's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F29C8798163FF22D63D7F46AAD2B489D" originalValue="Rähle’s">Raehle's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
locality. As a result,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nardi, G" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino Malacologico" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" refId="B23" refString="Nardi, G, 2017. Tandonia nigra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T21385A85575878." title="Tandonia nigra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e. T 21385 A 85575878." year="2017">Nardi (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C30D5941F2AD55900D6100B8F303F58A" author="Nardi, G" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino Malacologico" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" refId="B23" refString="Nardi, G, 2017. Tandonia nigra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T21385A85575878." title="Tandonia nigra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e. T 21385 A 85575878." year="2017">Nardi (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
shaped the distribution area of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2779925B83EF3818FFD1D68270D6083D" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EF5DF96FD363D67C4CBE35BF6BC6705D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
over a rather wide range in northern Italy. We tried to re-assess the identity of these specimens.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph id="650E1582D6D3F638EE50DFB954B20979" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
Unfortunately, it was impossible to extract DNA from the specimen from Laxolo (NMBE 561307), and the preservation state of the animal was poor. As a result, there is no genetic evidence that this is the same species as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Milacidae" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DBC9D59371466D1BD31EE62DDD78E69E" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nigra" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A005F9AEB6E3B37236C7FB021FF2660" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">T. nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It shares some details with the topotypic Swiss specimens, particularly the presence of the penial papilla, the vaginal torus with the spiked papillae, and the epiphallial node field. However,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Raehle, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="5 - 10" refId="B26" refString="Raehle, W, 1997. Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae). Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 60: 5 - 10" title="Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae)." volume="60" year="1997">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rähle">Raehle</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F05693A36B52BA07D3C9D4B41A02ED5A" author="Raehle, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" pagination="5 - 10" refId="B26" refString="Raehle, W, 1997. Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae). Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 60: 5 - 10" title="Ein Fund van Tandonia nigra (Carl Pfeiffer 1894) in den Bergamasker Alpen (Alpi Orobie, Norditalien) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Milacidae)." volume="60" year="1997">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="290651A25ED10716E04EF2F1EB0D9FD1" originalValue="Rähle">Raehle</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1997)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
found major differences in the genital organs: He did not find a penial papilla (large and well developed in our specimens), and the accessory glands in his specimen were restricted to some unbranched tubes situated around the distal end of the vagina (large, branched bundles of tubuli in our specimens). This is astonishing as both specimens originate from the same locality. Revision of the Austrian sample (NMB 06166a) failed because of its bad preservation status.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Since its description, eight malacologists (CSCF mapserver, May 2022) have recorded this species from the summit of Mt. Generoso. New sites were found by two malacologists from 2005-2021. Given the doubts in identification of the non-Swiss populations, the question whether this is an endemic species for Switzerland or not is not finally answered.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="899F95E491964E10174409E5C7BEB8D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Since its description, eight malacologists (CSCF mapserver, May 2022) have recorded this species from the summit of Mt. Generoso. New sites were found by two malacologists from 2005-2021. Given the doubts in identification of the non-Swiss populations, the question whether this is an endemic species for Switzerland or not is not finally answered.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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