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<mods:title>First population-level study of the ammonite genus Hildoglochiceras Spath, and the Lower Tithonian record of the Hildoglochiceras Horizon in the Kachchh Basin, India</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="468080052FBAE99BA3A98DA362A20019">First population-level study of the ammonite genus Hildoglochiceras Spath, and the Lower Tithonian record of the Hildoglochiceras Horizon in the Kachchh Basin, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Pandey, Dhirendra Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Geology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar SH 7, Gaya-Panchanpur Road, Village Karhara, Post Fatehpur, Gaya 824236 (Bihar), India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dhirendrap@cusb.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C29642920ED8CDD1851F167244B30869">Pandey, Dhirendra Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C71013A0BB0CA04377209CA378674699">Department of Geology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar SH 7, Gaya-Panchanpur Road, Village Karhara, Post Fatehpur, Gaya 824236 (Bihar), India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Fuersich, Franz T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>FG Palaeoumwelt, GeoZentrum Nordbayern der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C61CA4FFD166718C879FD6C24EECB3A">Fuersich, Franz T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E97AFF9A4FC16BD6970E71F25D8E1849">FG Palaeoumwelt, GeoZentrum Nordbayern der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Alberti, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="25383F53A5242AB27A821DCD3E41AA92">Alberti, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="63A88ACAB8A66E91956A8E515BDB7688">State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Das, Ranajit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore- 575018, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2D76C42022D55062FB144974A9F2F976">Das, Ranajit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Saez, Federico Oloriz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Estratigrafia y Paleontologia, Fac. Ciencias, Univ. Granada, Severo Ochoa s / n, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="01F8D94BAAA7FA1C8EE1173F9EECEA6D">Departamento de Estratigrafia y Paleontologia, Fac. Ciencias, Univ. Granada, Severo Ochoa s / n, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zitteliana</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="D5A65F6560FD0EF5ED1850376893ADF5">Zitteliana</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-03-02</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="F41F3CC846FD1F5AADF2ED18FCC7977A">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="27C3E36159612250860C73A042A97A35">2022-03-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2FF538B8794155D60B1377F7EDF0EC77">96</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193856279" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB2B51B818815CC0AB7C783411FD8E3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2B51B818815CC0AB7C783411FD8E3F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="DB2B51B818815CC0AB7C783411FD8E3F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193856279" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB2B51B818815CC0AB7C783411FD8E3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2B51B818815CC0AB7C783411FD8E3F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_infraClass="Lower" scope_order="Ammonoidea" scope_subOrder="Ammonitina" scope_superFamily="Haploceratoidea">
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<subSubSection id="E0345BAB045E23330717A92FC7850A9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="14448FF0EBF4D9E45F3326B084C7316D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Family
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<taxonomicName LSID="DB2B51B8-1881-5CC0-AB7C-783411FD8E3F" authority="Zittel, 1884" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1884" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Ammonites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Haploceratidae Zittel, 1884</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="EDFE95091C81F4BE27A63DD96FB60546" ID-CoL="624YF" LSID="DB2B51B8-1881-5CC0-AB7C-783411FD8E3F" authority="Zittel, 1884" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1884" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Haploceratidae Zittel, 1884</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="BED2A0A55CB3F71832A55A6A58C6C66E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD73431A6B229B15633265E14EFE5A7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
The taxa described under this family are
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5E8F09DB92EBD615F23E2B51E3CB83F6" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39EF79E9760F1F2D9466D5A194C0BBFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Zittel, 1870 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Spath, 1924" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" class="Cephalopoda" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FA33FD562ACBDAECF94E7E5FDEFB71B4" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="29FF06EEBE139B5DB67F0287961DE31F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
Spath, 1924. The shell of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="DECDD6478F114D9DCF1ED083A3F67033" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C71AFB857772DB335CEF2F533006F9BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows fine growth lines when epigenized shell is preserved, while inner casts are smooth, with a small but variable umbilicus that initially opens gradually until the last ontogenic stage when it slightly unfolds. Macroconchiate
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||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5BB3A860DAEAB951808F7B078A75B355" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="98340BCC81572ED8301EAFE205DA1174" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
show a slightly flexuous peristome, while assumed microconchs are variable in size, incorporate wide and short lappets rather than narrow and pedunculated ones, but can resemble glochiceratins in the absence of peristomal structures. Incomplete specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C1AC4119EE122E820BEC58323950BDD" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="C26D73673500A74D4C8092E2370AE1B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
make species-level interpretations difficult.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8DB212A23EE2CF2E2820FD5C70222A3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Reports of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6FEFF7233453B16FC097636B6F62896D" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CE93F7E53AB9DE455615518360A757BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been variably interpreted before the mid-twentieth century when this genus was commonly applied to Kimmeridgian and Lower Tithonian glochiceratins elsewhere in the world (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ziegler, B" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 164" refId="B157" refString="Ziegler, B, 1958. Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas. Palaeontographica A 110: 93 - 164" title="Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas." volume="110" year="1958">Ziegler 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="173646A888A477F52F669D0AEBC28334" author="Ziegler, B" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 164" refId="B157" refString="Ziegler, B, 1958. Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas. Palaeontographica A 110: 93 - 164" title="Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas." volume="110" year="1958">Ziegler 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), while the present knowledge about microconchiates is inconclusive. Across the Trans-Erythraean Trough,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC3AC6478BFA3900BC764690EE59D974" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BD136A96F5107B3051E82AD2AF518516" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been more frequently reported from the northern and eastern margins than from western ones, although it is a rare genus across the Himalayas (from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Uhlig, V" journalOrPublisher="Colloque sur la limite Jurassique-Cretacee, Lyon, Neuchatel" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B142" refString="Uhlig, V, 1903. The Fauna of the Spiti Shales. Memoir Geological Survey lndia, Palaeontologica Indica, Calcutta ser. 15, 4(1): 1-132." title="The Fauna of the Spiti Shales. Memoir Geological Survey lndia, Palaeontologica Indica, Calcutta ser. 15, 4 (1): 1 - 132." year="1903">Uhlig 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AB2777014BC7B0036E5C3AB631712555" author="Uhlig, V" journalOrPublisher="Colloque sur la limite Jurassique-Cretacee, Lyon, Neuchatel" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B142" refString="Uhlig, V, 1903. The Fauna of the Spiti Shales. Memoir Geological Survey lndia, Palaeontologica Indica, Calcutta ser. 15, 4(1): 1-132." title="The Fauna of the Spiti Shales. Memoir Geological Survey lndia, Palaeontologica Indica, Calcutta ser. 15, 4 (1): 1 - 132." year="1903">Uhlig 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Enay, R" journalOrPublisher="Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie Lyon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 246" refId="B47" refString="Enay, R, 2009. Les faunes d'ammonites de l'Oxfordien au Tithonien et la biostratigraphie des Spiti-Shales (Callovien superieur-Tithonien) de Thakkhola, Nepal Central. Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie Lyon 166: 1 - 246" title="Les faunes d'ammonites de l'Oxfordien au Tithonien et la biostratigraphie des Spiti-Shales (Callovien superieur-Tithonien) de Thakkhola, Nepal Central." volume="166" year="2009">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Énay">Enay</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E9F00614136CB9711B45B8EBC4CB02EE" author="Enay, R" journalOrPublisher="Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie Lyon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 246" refId="B47" refString="Enay, R, 2009. Les faunes d'ammonites de l'Oxfordien au Tithonien et la biostratigraphie des Spiti-Shales (Callovien superieur-Tithonien) de Thakkhola, Nepal Central. Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie Lyon 166: 1 - 246" title="Les faunes d'ammonites de l'Oxfordien au Tithonien et la biostratigraphie des Spiti-Shales (Callovien superieur-Tithonien) de Thakkhola, Nepal Central." volume="166" year="2009">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="58FCBF23CBCD3A8720D4FEB957D969BB" originalValue="Énay">Enay</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2009
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Southwards across eastern margins,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="441367E50E6A07DBFCB2B24F46A1C96E" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0230EE13280377DD1917C8A986E88FA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported from southern Pakistan to Madagascar throughout the twentieth century (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lemoine, P" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B98" refString="Lemoine, P, 1910-1911. Ammonites du Jurassique superieur du cercle d'Analalava (Madagascar). Annales de Paleontologie, Paris 5: 137-168 (1910); 6: 45-64 (1911)." title="Ammonites du Jurassique superieur du cercle d'Analalava (Madagascar). Annales de Paleontologie, Paris 5: 137 - 168 (1910); 6: 45 - 64 (1911)." year="1910 - 1911">Lemoine 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="40E34B7DDA2C5A6AD564EF728EF6FC83" author="Lemoine, P" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B98" refString="Lemoine, P, 1910-1911. Ammonites du Jurassique superieur du cercle d'Analalava (Madagascar). Annales de Paleontologie, Paris 5: 137-168 (1910); 6: 45-64 (1911)." title="Ammonites du Jurassique superieur du cercle d'Analalava (Madagascar). Annales de Paleontologie, Paris 5: 137 - 168 (1910); 6: 45 - 64 (1911)." year="1910 - 1911">Lemoine 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Collignon, M" journalOrPublisher="Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B30" refString="Collignon, M, 1960. Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134-175." title="Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134 - 175." year="1960">Collignon 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C75F19D24F3C93282F6FC7AB5F2B8C7D" author="Collignon, M" journalOrPublisher="Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B30" refString="Collignon, M, 1960. Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134-175." title="Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134 - 175." year="1960">Collignon 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(94)80137-1" author="Fatmi, AN" journalOrPublisher="Symposium volume III, Geological Survey of Denmark, Copenhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B56" refString="Fatmi, AN, Zeiss, A, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(94)80137-1" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(94)80137-1" year="1994">Fatmi and Zeiss 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="34D027CD6653DBAFB7D6EB1569751302" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(94)80137-1" author="Fatmi, AN" journalOrPublisher="Symposium volume III, Geological Survey of Denmark, Copenhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B56" refString="Fatmi, AN, Zeiss, A, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(94)80137-1" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(94)80137-1" year="1994">Fatmi and Zeiss 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In contrast, across western margins,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02C84C933F2161695D77A5D671F27832" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3BD3FA41A569CFC4B490A4C3EE617033" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was only registered from southern Yemen (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Howarth, MK" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 32" refId="B71" refString="Howarth, MK, Morris, NJ, 1998. The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Wadi Hajar, southern Yemen. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology Series 54 (1): 1 - 32" title="The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Wadi Hajar, southern Yemen." volume="54" year="1998">Howarth and Morris 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5239CEC3C128BCAEF975508646E58745" author="Howarth, MK" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 32" refId="B71" refString="Howarth, MK, Morris, NJ, 1998. The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Wadi Hajar, southern Yemen. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology Series 54 (1): 1 - 32" title="The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Wadi Hajar, southern Yemen." volume="54" year="1998">Howarth and Morris 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and Tanzania (from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Zwierzycki, J" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B161" refString="Zwierzycki, J, 1914. Die Cephalopodenfauna der Tendaguruschichten in Deutsch-Ostafrika. Archiv fuer Biontologie Band 3, Heft 4: 8-96." title="Die Cephalopodenfauna der Tendaguruschichten in Deutsch-Ostafrika. Archiv fuer Biontologie Band 3, Heft 4: 8 - 96." year="1914">Zwierczyki 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8D1BB93DD1E1F032944D82F870051E81" author="Zwierzycki, J" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B161" refString="Zwierzycki, J, 1914. Die Cephalopodenfauna der Tendaguruschichten in Deutsch-Ostafrika. Archiv fuer Biontologie Band 3, Heft 4: 8-96." title="Die Cephalopodenfauna der Tendaguruschichten in Deutsch-Ostafrika. Archiv fuer Biontologie Band 3, Heft 4: 8 - 96." year="1914">Zwierczyki 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200900004" author="Bussert, R" journalOrPublisher="Fossil Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 174" refId="B23" refString="Bussert, R, Heinrich, WD, Aberhan, M, 2009. The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy. Fossil Record 12 (2): 141 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200900004" title="The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200900004" volume="12" year="2009">Bussert et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8805AEE0CB06B0A189B26A948731918A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200900004" author="Bussert, R" journalOrPublisher="Fossil Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 174" refId="B23" refString="Bussert, R, Heinrich, WD, Aberhan, M, 2009. The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy. Fossil Record 12 (2): 141 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200900004" title="The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200900004" volume="12" year="2009">Bussert et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), being absent or very rare in between.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oppel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras elimatum" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elimatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras elimatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C5DB71840EA283376E89599CED00458" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FD41777DF12343C4A94E15D8013495B8" baseAuthorityName="Oppel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras elimatum" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elimatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="276E7A2F9A3738A49AF6A5AD18472876" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras elimatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Oppel, 1965) and allies represent the morphological group more widespread and have been commonly reported throughout epicontinental areas in the Trans-Erythraean Trough.
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oppel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras elimatum" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elimatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras elimatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DA958C50BF9001CC82C4D050A2269CC9" baseAuthorityName="Oppel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras elimatum" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elimatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD1D32D35B55658AE5B3C266EA4F20FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras elimatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Oppel, 1965) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zeuschner" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras staszycii" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staszycii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras staszycii</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1B1F5A54614A7D42604456B42338E733" baseAuthorityName="Zeuschner" baseAuthorityYear="1846" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras staszycii" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="staszycii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="14666E6E1AD060F7427F4D1E00A78809" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras staszycii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Zeuschner, 1846) have commonly been recognized as close species, difficult to separate, for instance by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Rod, E" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Geology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B123" refString="Rod, E, 1937. Stratigraphie des Malm der Graustock-Hutstock-Gruppe (Melchtal, Kanton Obwalden), Dissertation, Bern (Staempfli)." title="Stratigraphie des Malm der Graustock-Hutstock-Gruppe (Melchtal, Kanton Obwalden), Dissertation, Bern (Staempfli)." year="1937">Rod (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6EC70A5DDE6F709376327D950E87D70D" author="Rod, E" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Geology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B123" refString="Rod, E, 1937. Stratigraphie des Malm der Graustock-Hutstock-Gruppe (Melchtal, Kanton Obwalden), Dissertation, Bern (Staempfli)." title="Stratigraphie des Malm der Graustock-Hutstock-Gruppe (Melchtal, Kanton Obwalden), Dissertation, Bern (Staempfli)." year="1937">Rod (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and by (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoelder, H" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="150 - 214" refId="B69" refString="Hoelder, H, Ziegler, B, 1959. Stratigraphische und faunistische Beziehungen im Weissen Jura (Kimmeridgium) zwischen Sueddeutschland und Ardeche. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlungen 108 (2): 150 - 214" title="Stratigraphische und faunistische Beziehungen im Weissen Jura (Kimmeridgium) zwischen Sueddeutschland und Ardeche." volume="108" year="1959">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hölder">Hoelder</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="97C83C534A732171B59317C716C6EAD0" author="Hoelder, H" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="150 - 214" refId="B69" refString="Hoelder, H, Ziegler, B, 1959. Stratigraphische und faunistische Beziehungen im Weissen Jura (Kimmeridgium) zwischen Sueddeutschland und Ardeche. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlungen 108 (2): 150 - 214" title="Stratigraphische und faunistische Beziehungen im Weissen Jura (Kimmeridgium) zwischen Sueddeutschland und Ardeche." volume="108" year="1959">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="90C4703CFCD941BE65C652F8B1533E9A" originalValue="Hölder">Hoelder</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Ziegler 1959
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), even as representing a single species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Rod, E" journalOrPublisher="Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="177 - 198" refId="B124" refString="Rod, E, 1946. Ueber ein Fossillager im oberen Malm der Melchtaleralpen. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 39: 177 - 198" title="Ueber ein Fossillager im oberen Malm der Melchtaleralpen." volume="39" year="1946">Rod 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E9778A7F3BA00D4979955FE74C19F452" author="Rod, E" journalOrPublisher="Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="177 - 198" refId="B124" refString="Rod, E, 1946. Ueber ein Fossillager im oberen Malm der Melchtaleralpen. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 39: 177 - 198" title="Ueber ein Fossillager im oberen Malm der Melchtaleralpen." volume="39" year="1946">Rod 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). They represent a dimorphic pair (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Barthel, KW" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 30" refId="B8" refString="Barthel, KW, 1962. Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft 105: 5 - 30" title="Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke." volume="105" year="1962">Barthel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C29319ECB589F246E9810900DFFDFF9F" author="Barthel, KW" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 30" refId="B8" refString="Barthel, KW, 1962. Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft 105: 5 - 30" title="Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke." volume="105" year="1962">Barthel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The macroconch embraces all but one Tithonian haploceratin species with polymorphic microconchs (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Enay, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Asian Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B50" refString="Enay, R, Cecca, F, 1986. Structure et evolution des populations tithoniques du genre d'ammonites tethysien Haploceras Zittel, 1868. In: Comitato Centenario Raffaele Piccinini, Pallini G (Eds) Fossili, Evolucione, Ambiente, Atti I Convegno Pergola, 33-53." title="Structure et evolution des populations tithoniques du genre d'ammonites tethysien Haploceras Zittel, 1868. In: Comitato Centenario Raffaele Piccinini, Pallini G (Eds) Fossili, Evolucione, Ambiente, Atti I Convegno Pergola, 33 - 53." year="1986">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Énay">Enay</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="13053F3AE3684388EB3668A2C4559067" author="Enay, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Asian Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B50" refString="Enay, R, Cecca, F, 1986. Structure et evolution des populations tithoniques du genre d'ammonites tethysien Haploceras Zittel, 1868. In: Comitato Centenario Raffaele Piccinini, Pallini G (Eds) Fossili, Evolucione, Ambiente, Atti I Convegno Pergola, 33-53." title="Structure et evolution des populations tithoniques du genre d'ammonites tethysien Haploceras Zittel, 1868. In: Comitato Centenario Raffaele Piccinini, Pallini G (Eds) Fossili, Evolucione, Ambiente, Atti I Convegno Pergola, 33 - 53." year="1986">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="284F0D3E3391B4966E58F7935C0E7CDB" originalValue="Énay">Enay</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Cecca 1986
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). According to the information available, the latter is a rather speculative proposal.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Zeiss, A" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 6: Band, Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Soehne, Wien-Horn" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Zeiss, A, 2001. Die Ammonitenfauna der Tithonklippen von Ernstbrunn, Niederoesterreich. Neue Denkschriften des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 6: Band, Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Soehne, Wien-Horn" title="Die Ammonitenfauna der Tithonklippen von Ernstbrunn, Niederoesterreich." year="2001">Zeiss (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="24818B27CC63AFAB5B728EB9B80406A8" author="Zeiss, A" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 6: Band, Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Soehne, Wien-Horn" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Zeiss, A, 2001. Die Ammonitenfauna der Tithonklippen von Ernstbrunn, Niederoesterreich. Neue Denkschriften des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 6: Band, Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Soehne, Wien-Horn" title="Die Ammonitenfauna der Tithonklippen von Ernstbrunn, Niederoesterreich." year="2001">Zeiss (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
highlighted the existing options for interpreting dimorphism in haploceratins, and treated the morphologically close species
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oppel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras elimatum" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elimatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras elimatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2A07485A4199BA41BC7857A92D52584" baseAuthorityName="Oppel" baseAuthorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras elimatum" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elimatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="544FA35740D8277795927E743C2223FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras elimatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zeuschner" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras staszycii" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staszycii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras staszycii</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="84968E8023B96BC16C06E6B5372C302C" baseAuthorityName="Zeuschner" baseAuthorityYear="1846" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras staszycii" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="staszycii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9071DB57F772326F78432AC1FACBA5A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras staszycii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as separate units only for convenience. Based on all the above mentioned, these two morphospecies are here interpreted as conspecific and referred to as
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zeuschner" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras staszycii" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staszycii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras staszycii</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="43067CABBA7B8E7A43308FD0EF1D9DFD" baseAuthorityName="Zeuschner" baseAuthorityYear="1846" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras staszycii" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="staszycii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E2A5EE2E39F52704EFFF03DC61B29728" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras staszycii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by priority, with reference to the closest nominal morphological species reported from the Trans-Erythraean Trough.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Spath, 1924" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" class="Cephalopoda" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4E8E486335A5687A90723DF0EC9BE02F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE0DF14E444771D39933BFE86D008740" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6C82235EE5501582A454023BAEF8344B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is commonly more evolute, characterized by a median lateral groove and, consequently, with an acute-oval to oval whorl-section, venter of variable width and height, a lateral sulcus above the lower one-third of the flanks, a variable shell-size for the beginning of ribbing, and more or less ornamented outer whorls. In the present collection, we recognise two groups within
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Spath, 1924" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" class="Cephalopoda" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E42DCD9FBC90A96D7E74842629AC2A8" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE150B74B8F8CA78A6A286873589652C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; one interpreted as microconch and other as the corresponding macroconch. These two morphs have been separated on the basis of shell size and the diameter of the umbilicus. The macroconch shows a subrectangular to oval whorl section. See previous chapters for a revision of reports of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Spath, 1924" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" class="Cephalopoda" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25D0CAFB471977F8F9FC31CC85D72B7C" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2997B6AC28AD1257CE7E658E8304BDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
across the Trans-Erythraean Trough.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7C7584D5EB667501A1B369F8C7A3EADD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Another comparable genus to inner whorls of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="266F82CD70593B3FDA5C30CCFC54EE72" authorityName="Zittel" authorityYear="1870" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Haploceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D74B5FAD80FE27633C74CA331829E86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Spath, 1924" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" class="Cephalopoda" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="80E20548A2DB20361FFF6DDBF82952B6" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3CD54304ADFEA4359F56A4EFFFF0CAB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB0361E396B81DD3B4517536EF60A609" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81014B31BA0A01F43FE6B428C86DD55D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hyatt, 1900, the shell of which is smaller and shows a variable whorl section, sculpture and peristomal structure. The umbilicus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA4A43EC394C25F740EBE81B8C2198F4" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="050B27A80D2D9F3D9B104330F9F37ADA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
opens suddenly at the end of the growth. In addition, some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="039DDABFC581C66279A6EF7166DDB469" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="57AD4EAF6A79E9907157F045977F3B67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are also characterised by a median lateral groove like in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Spath, 1924" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" class="Cephalopoda" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1217BAF9C4BF34D6426025D110D07780" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B3EB198A354AAA5D9F00FA35CB9E1CB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. But small size, a rather discoid shell with narrow venter, the type of peristome, and the biostratigraphic range of typical
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EFABF154D8FBEC2F52789418CD700C63" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C61BED6D085EBBFDA56C38577226D8A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, i.e. from Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian, with scarce records from the Lower Tithonian (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ziegler, B" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 164" refId="B157" refString="Ziegler, B, 1958. Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas. Palaeontographica A 110: 93 - 164" title="Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas." volume="110" year="1958">Ziegler 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="21C27BEDD02A820CCC5605321818F9CC" author="Ziegler, B" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 164" refId="B157" refString="Ziegler, B, 1958. Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas. Palaeontographica A 110: 93 - 164" title="Monographie der Ammonitengattung Glochiceras im Epikontinentalen Weissjura Mitteleuropas." volume="110" year="1958">Ziegler 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Collignon, M" journalOrPublisher="Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B30" refString="Collignon, M, 1960. Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134-175." title="Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134 - 175." year="1960">Collignon 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="481BD44BF3D6E16D85312B06209927DF" author="Collignon, M" journalOrPublisher="Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B30" refString="Collignon, M, 1960. Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134-175." title="Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar. 6 (Tithonique). Republique malgache, Service geologique, Tananarive, pl. 134 - 175." year="1960">Collignon 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Barthel, KW" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 30" refId="B8" refString="Barthel, KW, 1962. Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft 105: 5 - 30" title="Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke." volume="105" year="1962">Barthel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E01CEE148176501796E374256EA4544D" author="Barthel, KW" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 30" refId="B8" refString="Barthel, KW, 1962. Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Neue Folge, Heft 105: 5 - 30" title="Zur Ammonitenfauna und Stratigraphie der Neuburger Bankkalke." volume="105" year="1962">Barthel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Grigore, D" journalOrPublisher="Stiintele Naturii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="29 - 36" refId="B67" refString="Grigore, D, 2019. Glochiceras Hyatt (Oppelidae, Ammonoidea) from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Hăghimas Mts. (the eastern Carpathians - Romania). Oltenia. Studiisicomunicări. Stiintele Naturii 35 (2): 29 - 36" title="Glochiceras Hyatt (Oppelidae, Ammonoidea) from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Hăghimas Mts. (the eastern Carpathians - Romania). Oltenia. Studiisicomunicări." volume="35" year="2019">Grigore 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D02E61AD07D341C931AD57D6CB2A6703" author="Grigore, D" journalOrPublisher="Stiintele Naturii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="29 - 36" refId="B67" refString="Grigore, D, 2019. Glochiceras Hyatt (Oppelidae, Ammonoidea) from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Hăghimas Mts. (the eastern Carpathians - Romania). Oltenia. Studiisicomunicări. Stiintele Naturii 35 (2): 29 - 36" title="Glochiceras Hyatt (Oppelidae, Ammonoidea) from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Hăghimas Mts. (the eastern Carpathians - Romania). Oltenia. Studiisicomunicări." volume="35" year="2019">Grigore 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), may be diagnostic. These morphological features persist in the scarce
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" class="Cephalopoda" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D4FECAD3696754A0A28C8DCC5D0D533" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1900" family="Haploceratidae" genus="Glochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="09AABC14CC191C31156122D618A16F6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reported from the lowermost Tithonian of Europe. Separation of glochiceratins and microconchite haploceratins can be difficult with incomplete specimens lacking the peristome.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A797A93C8031A460A263FCAB4ACE1B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Among evolute haploceratins with a comparatively wide ventral region,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="1958" genus="Lingulaticeras" lsidName="Lingulaticeras" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lingulaticeras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="97B2D23FF85F11604A63518D3B7356E1" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="1958" genus="Lingulaticeras" lsidName="Lingulaticeras" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="42BEC32C6802ED26CC0104102A2183F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lingulaticeras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ziegler, 1958 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="1958" genus="Paralingulaticeras" lsidName="Paralingulaticeras" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paralingulaticeras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="195823B666AF4F7194FC5A4B4AA590F9" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="1958" genus="Paralingulaticeras" lsidName="Paralingulaticeras" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B1F5B453A62F9728DCF43EB826D42D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paralingulaticeras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ziegler, 1958 are relatively close in shell-type to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Spath, 1924" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" class="Cephalopoda" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F75B698121B73E75E6B772D25282ED8F" authorityName="Spath" authorityYear="1924" family="Oppeliidae" genus="Hildoglochiceras" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hildoglochiceras" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="68C884897349AF86881060A41CC1940E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hildoglochiceras</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Supposed lowermost Tithonian forms of the former are more involute and show a sculptured venter of variable width, while those of the latter develop a latero-ventral tuberculation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,196 +1,196 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB5203763BE3F5D0F0C0A401EE906E8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB5203763BE3F5D0F0C0A401EE906E8A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthopleura_pallida" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="DB5203763BE3F5D0F0C0A401EE906E8A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB5203763BE3F5D0F0C0A401EE906E8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB5203763BE3F5D0F0C0A401EE906E8A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_order="Actiniaria" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="54CAFC45F9A8831874828BE64E2A56B9" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="84915838699263172AFDF92E4FCA54F1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D113E9B2C5B5DFC4D4FA333F73B66211" ID-CoL="67FKY" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthopleura_pallida" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figure 4, Table 2
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3D09EACCA0A7C805E2ABA847544D6C06" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F367817FFA0B4B108E98DEDB2051F31" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4E102A941BF5E4C6BD87299039A30F4" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B00DA021565CCC15D400E5072318622" author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 32-33; Pl. V, fig. 10.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura (Pallida)" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pallida">Anthopleura Pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F85FE38A3A7CE5A7D0DFA6E3F5A746BA" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="06A41878157471A3639E77A8AF655FB3" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura (Pallida)" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pallida">Anthopleura Pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[sic]:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Chez Victor Masson et Fils, Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Revue des Zoophytes et des Spongiaires des Antilles." year="1870">Duchassaing 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2508868A33307DE1EF0BA274E0AC4F57" author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Chez Victor Masson et Fils, Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Revue des Zoophytes et des Spongiaires des Antilles." year="1870">Duchassaing 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 20.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Gyractis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gyractis pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Gyractis pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="29C13090E2E646971DF8A6F84147093F" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7246BD14AF317A9B75E9D68BBC6FED4" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Gyractis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gyractis pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Gyractis pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
non
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Boveri, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Systematik" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="241 - 253" title="Das Genus Gyractis, eine radial-symmetrische Actinienform." volume="7" year="1893">Boveri 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F977973C9DA9D0599462B17CD418996C" author="Boveri, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Systematik" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="241 - 253" title="Das Genus Gyractis, eine radial-symmetrische Actinienform." volume="7" year="1893">Boveri 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 251-252.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinioides pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Actinioides pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F27F49725308F70C769F9AC33DA4B2FC" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7B652A28C708A2433980F4665DADA5D" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinioides pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Actinioides pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Duerden, JE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 15" title="The actiniarian family Aliciidae." url="10.1080/00222939708680594" volume="20" year="1897">Duerden 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="283E2F3E0749FAEDEA646D89F82B701D" author="Duerden, JE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 15" title="The actiniarian family Aliciidae." url="10.1080/00222939708680594" volume="20" year="1897">Duerden 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 453.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoides pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Actinoides pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F86C87A4398FFA4388B1AD4A081E8F3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="29A09FA8C3902984A31952DA9124C2B9" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinoides pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Actinoides pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="551 - 572" title="Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa." volume="10" year="1900">Verrill 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7E51C16489136BF7A8E665AE9118F903" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="551 - 572" title="Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa." volume="10" year="1900">Verrill 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 558.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bunodactis stelloides subsp. catenulata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="stelloides" subSpecies="catenulata">Bunodactis stelloides catenulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="45 - 348" title="The Bermuda Islands. Part IV. Geology and paleontology, and Part V. An account of the coral reefs." volume="12" year="1905">Verrill 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="17CD1D96362301D1330EA10C97E70646" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A2F214575535DA2589E61FC3BEBBE93" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bunodactis stelloides subsp. catenulata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="stelloides" subSpecies="catenulata">Bunodactis stelloides catenulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="009EAF408F1C121DAA7C0BC1780090E7" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="45 - 348" title="The Bermuda Islands. Part IV. Geology and paleontology, and Part V. An account of the coral reefs." volume="12" year="1905">Verrill 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 263.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C52CD49D5135DF8E7C78E1238DB4FC10" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7866D608ACD4536FE096FD0708E04424" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
non
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Kunglia Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 121" title="A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria." volume="1" year="1949">Carlgren, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7D9772E7B0E9A7014992E75F29C2B58C" author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Kunglia Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 121" title="A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria." volume="1" year="1949">Carlgren, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 53.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura catenulata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="catenulata">Anthopleura catenulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E0C07B55C54CCA08098B836D3A7F02A6" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB4815ED4BDCC69521F1545A952488F6" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura catenulata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="catenulata">Anthopleura catenulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Cairns, den Hartog and Arneson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DC56526C0C98EADF199755215F0E8AF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Cairns, den Hartog and Arneson 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 177-178; Pl. 51.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C9EBE62511A36638CE08E0CB3ED5AB54" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6FA92F4BD849461575076807919C371B" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="904DDC0CFBE600234345F10BE4E20AFE" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Alacranes reef (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.381666">22°22'54"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="117B31EF33CF43A0BD91F064395F7BA9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.381666">22°22'54"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-89.68305">89°40'59"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="AC78C7076305EC345E156B39858E338D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-89.68305">89°40'59"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; four specimens).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="649F367C1D47A2D17796BCB1D69716D7" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D88FAA103A0955F00AF20B28AC432EB1" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0DCA260C6D4FB7FDC1F74B2D93AAAA86" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Fully expanded oral disc and tentacles 10-19 mm in diameter. Oral disc narrow, smooth, 3-8 mm in diameter, pale green or gray (Figure 4A). Tentacles hexamerously arranged in three cycles (24 in number), smooth, slender, relatively short (to 4-9 mm), tapering distally, inner ones longer than outer ones, contractile, whitish or gray, translucent, oral side with opaque white roundish spots (Figure 4A, B). Fosse well marked (Figure 4E). Column cylindrical, relatively elongate, 3-6 mm in diameter and 6-12 mm in height, with 12 longitudinal rows of verrucae from mid-column to distal margin (Figure 4B, G). Twelve endocoelic marginal projections forming acrorhagi (Figure 4B, E) with holotrichs, basitrichs, microbasic p-mastigophores, and spirocysts. Pedal disc well-developed, 4-8 mm in diameter, slightly wider than column (Figure 4B). Pedal disc and column white to pale green (Figure 4B). Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in 2-3 cycles: only first cycle perfect or first two cycles perfect and third imperfect; same number of mesenteries distally and proximally (12-32 pairs in specimens examined). Only first two cycles fertile (except directives); gonochoric (?), only spermatic cysts observed in specimens examined (Figure 4F). Two pairs of directives each attached to a well-developed siphonoglyph (Figure 4C). Retractor muscles diffuse; parietobasilar muscles well-developed with short mesogleal pennon (Figure 4D). Basilar muscles well-developed (Figure 4H). Marginal sphincter muscle endodermal, weak and diffuse (Figure 4E). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Cnidom: basitrichs, microbasic b- and p-mastigophores, holotrichs, and spirocysts (Figure 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–X">I-X</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F48172C38AD6A689E56EA34D2F6167CB" originalValue="I–X">I-X</normalizedToken>
|
||||
; see Table 2).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<caption id="3D81073737647709A4C844AAE8D07BBB" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B1AF2D63D155D09D47FDC560485F9FB3" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Figure 4.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5582495B398FE361C3CC551C7496B257" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A Oral view B Lateral view C Detail of directives and siphonoglyph D Cross section through proximal column E Longitudinal section through margin showing acrorhagi and marginal sphincter muscle F Detail of spermatic cysts G Longitudinal section through distal column showing one verruca H Longitudinal section through base showing basilar muscles
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–X">I-X</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="521698FA64FF892C8CA05A6B169BE076" originalValue="I–X">I-X</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Cnidae.- acrorhagi: I small basitrich J basitrich K holotrich L spirocyst; actinopharynx: M small basitrich N basitrich O microbasic b-mastigophore P spirocyst; column: Q small basitrich R basitrich S spirocyst; filament: T basitrich U spirocyst V microbasic p-mastigophore; tentacle: W basitrich X spirocyst. Abbreviations.- acr: acrorhagi, bm: basilar muscle, c: column, d: directives, fo: fosse, mp: marginal projection, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, pm: parietobasilar muscle, rm: retractor muscle, s: siphonoglyph, sc: spermatic cyst, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verruca. Scale bars:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BF21E21D4BBD07253784CC4692CDF2B5" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 10 mm;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="45C3DBCD4074774CE5818A5F60637944" originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="537AC1EA7C657B65DF102DB3336D3BF8" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–X">I-X</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A72E8AFE26C47AEFE6CC3F939C2AFB20" originalValue="I–X">I-X</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F4A72DD2672D55B840E95716070E247E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="natural history">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7077B699E26CF5D7F85A9C39A6BB843F" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="natural history">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A12A7DDC67BF1F26D448B97D51F6C168" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6CDC5D8BF049FEFF926F044A9CA6F57F" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8A7F4ED2025719023D4F81E152A7AC2" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
inhabits the intertidal to shallow subtidal zone attached to coral on sandy shores, at 0.5 m. It is azooxanthellate and it broadcast spawns (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C1716F38C12E6C8F3ACF466967192073" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="67864B6F8651725AAC634BBB15F495E2" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E2F01E1B8ED848241CCE65428248E705" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B57D69CE8EA4DC3F2C4AE39BBE4597AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||||
Western Atlantic, from Bermuda (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="551 - 572" title="Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa." volume="10" year="1900">Verrill 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF7EEB86C0628974990797F9F6CA2A3E" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="551 - 572" title="Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa." volume="10" year="1900">Verrill 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) to Virgin Islands (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C35F7D706B024700B4E38A275E51F1D" author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This is the first record for the coast of Mexico; found in Alacranes reef (see Table 1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="83" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6AFCC5F8E135804980E919BD83C6B985" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA17C5931AAD57118CACF772AB221712" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="E84A5C7A54EFC37FDF40CE66261866D3" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D211A923D7DCB8B0CE20FF8078754CF4" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||||
Currently there are three valid species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Anthopleura</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F9826FC484D24F7CDC03C0E7C81BFF4" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Anthopleura</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura krebsi" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="krebsi">Anthopleura krebsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A86251972BF1ACC313F6F7336730EC7B" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura krebsi" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="krebsi">Anthopleura krebsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860),
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura texaensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="texaensis">Anthopleura texaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F1A9A3A65F182A98D78C59AD88CFECBA" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura texaensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="texaensis">Anthopleura texaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Carlgren and Hedgpeth, 1952), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C688ECBE180611FE20DF4F7CF246065" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D823493C9F098C4468C2B2AF4E02323C" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF628E3F1966BE7161E6BD5E534F1830" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinguished mainly in column color and shape, and the arrangement of verrucae in rows, only present from the margin to the mid-column (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="42D6AE7317BB36D4CB085F8FCB7F9B0F" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura krebsi" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="krebsi">Anthopleura krebsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="68418CF2C1331DBE95AA1637FB84B2D4" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura krebsi" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="krebsi">Anthopleura krebsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura texaensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="texaensis">Anthopleura texaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="62056648C78D54132F0E5375D532447E" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura texaensis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="texaensis">Anthopleura texaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the column is stout rather than elongate, and the verrucae are arranged in rows along the entire column length, from margin to limbus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84707E3A869342D4D837AEA66B140E80" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Although we found the marginal sphincter muscle diffuse rather than circumscribed-diffuse, all other features including external and internal anatomy and cnidae fit well with the redescription of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DDB311633D91D7B643217ECB48BBD0C5" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura pallida" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallida">Anthopleura pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C59B27A2C7B81BCD2A291C43B47BBD4C" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,396 +1,396 @@
|
|||
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3.
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<taxonomicName LSID="DB527E01-9340-582F-9FF1-EE1ABA0F769A" authority="Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16. 1904" authorityName="Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16." authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion lanceolatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">Glochidion lanceolatum Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16. 1904</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Figures 1B, C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. General morphology of Glochidion A-C G. acuminatum var. acuminatum Muell. Arg D, E, H G. ellipticum Wight F, G G. lanceolatum Hayata I-K G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob L, P G. puberum (L.) Hutch M-O G. rubrum Blume Q-S G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss T-V G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum Trimen A, D, F, I, M, R, T female flowers B, E, J, S, U male flowers C, G, H, K, N-Q, V fruits L female flowers and male flowers N male flowers and fruits. Photographs: A-C, F, G, I-K, M-O, Q-U by A. Kawakita (Kyoto University, Japan) D-E, H, L, P by G. Yao V Z. Q. Song." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449559" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">, 2F, G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Morphological comparison between Glochidion lanyuense Gang Yao & S. X. Luo and G. lanceolatum Hayata A, C, E, G, I, L G. lanyuense B, D, F, H, J, K, M G. lanceolatum A, B female flower C, D ovary and style E, F pedicle of female flower G, H general view of style I-K female flowers (shown by arrowheads) L, M fruit. Scar bars: 1 mm (A-H); 3 mm (I-K); 5 mm (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449562" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">, 5A, C, E, G, I, L</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="D3D2E9451B30A92C0C220DB0D9E5324F" ID-CoL="6KK59" LSID="DB527E01-9340-582F-9FF1-EE1ABA0F769A" authority="Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16. 1904" authorityName="Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16." authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion lanceolatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">Glochidion lanceolatum Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 20: 16. 1904</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="C5F04C309710C195A477EEBF9D4E76CC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Figures 1B, C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="04B6697D00D0591E5F6BBC7D5DFB1951" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. General morphology of Glochidion A-C G. acuminatum var. acuminatum Muell. Arg D, E, H G. ellipticum Wight F, G G. lanceolatum Hayata I-K G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob L, P G. puberum (L.) Hutch M-O G. rubrum Blume Q-S G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss T-V G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum Trimen A, D, F, I, M, R, T female flowers B, E, J, S, U male flowers C, G, H, K, N-Q, V fruits L female flowers and male flowers N male flowers and fruits. Photographs: A-C, F, G, I-K, M-O, Q-U by A. Kawakita (Kyoto University, Japan) D-E, H, L, P by G. Yao V Z. Q. Song." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449559" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">, 2F, G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="EB61CD4388B22E48D32FDBE584470B60" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Morphological comparison between Glochidion lanyuense Gang Yao & S. X. Luo and G. lanceolatum Hayata A, C, E, G, I, L G. lanyuense B, D, F, H, J, K, M G. lanceolatum A, B female flower C, D ovary and style E, F pedicle of female flower G, H general view of style I-K female flowers (shown by arrowheads) L, M fruit. Scar bars: 1 mm (A-H); 3 mm (I-K); 5 mm (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449562" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">, 5A, C, E, G, I, L</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion kotoense" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotoense">Glochidion kotoense</taxonomicName>
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31F52D10C1634E7D8B21FFBDBD14C325" authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion kotoense" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotoense">Glochidion kotoense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hayata in Icon. Pl. Form. 9: 96. 1920. Type: China. Formosa (now Taiwan),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kôtôshô">Kotosho</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4FA08C7D416D2373E24946FA11D92E05" originalValue="Kôtôshô">Kotosho</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F0505242ED168C5AC3FD17FE0B6653CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(holotype: TI-01807, photo!).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion sphaerostigmum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphaerostigmum">Glochidion sphaerostigmum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F1F92325354DFA1ED9F6530FEC2FF706" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0B173C3A6E1E4A817F16EF59699CC5E" authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion sphaerostigmum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphaerostigmum">Glochidion sphaerostigmum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hayata in Icon. Pl. Form. 9: 96. 1920. Type: China. Formosa (now Taiwan), Suisha,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AFD11F28F7B1A9B6F22E244B92A97C30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(holotype: TI-01817, photo!).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion kusukusense" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kusukusense">Glochidion kusukusense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DCA57CF46E96C997D9B59FF9EE32AEFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F20F877C62B6A3302123B865029B8D64" authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion kusukusense" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kusukusense">Glochidion kusukusense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Hayata in Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 96. 1920. syn. nov. Type: China. Formosa (now Taiwan), Kusukusu, July 1912,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">B. Hayata</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="355D50BB6A0EB7ACC9868488DFF41876" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">B. Hayata</emphasis>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Sasaki s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="44643478332A885F72A25B66389F2205" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Sasaki s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(holotype: TI-01808, photo!, Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="305A5A7DE74C04CCDDBE6D8C68DFFF84" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C6756510A09360D173D2AC5F3767B543" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E128D5B37D1982C981401CBD5DDA4B0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3CF3CE026FDD604098D07CC2B7FA8AEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
China. Formosa (now Taiwan), Kelung, 31 October 1896,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T. Makino s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1391D5E763D4A06364538BA7E8A00AB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T. Makino s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(lectotype: TI-01810, photo!, Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5F17DE6FE9DBC8570B9C337C19678DE7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
; here designated); Remaining syntype: Taiwan, Kelung, 1 November 1896,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C. Owatari s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="86EAB39324D5C2FEFECD43CF585CEF62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C. Owatari s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(TI-01811, photo!).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion lanceolatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Glochidion lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E08332A8292E8ADCDD0E83817D36CAE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DE67E6618F8D1A1765479F596DC71025" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FFDD1C868C7689D0DA69E2240FBF827E" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2CAD2BB05B6A5A9D2A6F88A74DA15BCC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion lanceolatum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="943524D6790F774A0951B25933F0E8DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Glochidion lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distributed in China (only in Taiwan) and south Japan, and also recorded from the Philippines (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Govaerts, R" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" publicationUrl="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" refId="B14" refString="Govaerts, R, Dransfield, J, Zona, S, Hodel, DR, Henderson, A, 2019. World Checklist of Phyllanthaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://wcsp.science.kew.org" title="World Checklist of Phyllanthaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." url="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" year="2019">Govaerts et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0452E56786A58D4C1762EDA4278B5EF4" author="Govaerts, R" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" publicationUrl="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" refId="B14" refString="Govaerts, R, Dransfield, J, Zona, S, Hodel, DR, Henderson, A, 2019. World Checklist of Phyllanthaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://wcsp.science.kew.org" title="World Checklist of Phyllanthaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." url="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" year="2019">Govaerts et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It usually occurs in open forests, roadsides, and at low altitudes. The species is widely distributed from northern to southern Taiwan.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="taxonomic discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Taxonomic discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EF35C70173721949C82B25C4A4124943" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="taxonomic discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CC841C60921CB0544557B19BC2B80E3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Taxonomic discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="26D8157443AFFEF185E2F163A46FBAD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
The morphological description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AE58EE0DCC5711F8350F507826ABA02D" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="185CBE4982E8CE033639A3F204237B8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hayata, B" journalOrPublisher="Taipei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="94 - 97" refId="B17" refString="Hayata, B, 1920. Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Bureau Productive Industris. Taipei 9: 94 - 97" title="Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Bureau Productive Industris." volume="9" year="1920">Hayata (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80492E4457FFAF8771DFF5C7E5325E56" author="Hayata, B" journalOrPublisher="Taipei" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="94 - 97" refId="B17" refString="Hayata, B, 1920. Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Bureau Productive Industris. Taipei 9: 94 - 97" title="Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Bureau Productive Industris." volume="9" year="1920">Hayata (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is brief and short, and it is in accordance with its type that has only a short branch and several leaves (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="221FB9BCA6042013A3F0C3032598B359" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the protologue,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31410F2E9ABEFDF0B9FFB8C83AC54B45" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6ADB69956A8BCA8F83FEA3C98EBDB12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was compared morphologically with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. wrightii" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="wrightii">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. wrightii</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F700A5CCEDEE302497784346A2D5B4F" lsidName="G. wrightii" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="wrightii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F43C5FD265C715AE4223412E0AC4273" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. wrightii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Benth, a species widely distributed in southern and southwestern China. After observing the type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A4735B4868F07462C9ADB1AACDBCA28" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BD6726AB53429990B51D73A08BDEB54E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
deposited in herbarium TI (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5AFEBD81C1DCA600111AFF2AC7B51828" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), we found that its glabrous habit and lanceolate leaves were identical to that of the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5ECCFF9812306672675B45FEFBF65B78" lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="73EC04BCF6D2E45847CDA9CAF9507DB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DCA7DEF030B6FD69D3DD108281DC4A63" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), which is widely distributed in Taiwan. Thus, we considered that
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69F212EB671295D96BDB8CA3A4030899" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB350EE6C5981086BA58D888B0F833BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is conspecific with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8946807111FE005C3029379392AB0AD6" lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D99C22C27A4E9A1A2B8D75776820B8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3005871EA30937DFDDC84AD733DDBCF4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A holotype of Glochidion assamicum var. magnicapsulum Croiatz & Hara (A. Henry 117, A) B holotype of G. kusukusense Hayata (B. Hayata & S. Sasaki s. n., TI) C lectotype of G. lanceolatum Hayata (T. Makino s. n., TI) D holotype of G. chademenosocarpum Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI) E isotype of G. rubrum Blume (C. L. von Blume s. n., NY) F isolectotype of G. suishaense Hayata (B. Hayata s. n., TI)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449558" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and reduced it to be a new synonym of the latter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<paragraph id="98B5049D33964CCEF29EBA81C1D6EEE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
In
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E6EAE50235C3C4D066E666BEE4F1B701" author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
study, some specimens collected from Nantou and Taoyuan of Taiwan (out of the type locality of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="77F6DA853E5DB0418D384C0862E62699" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9DFB893AB963EF2EF751DDBAA136C96F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) cannot be identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Glochidion</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="386975E7C97FD56BA85122C8718E7C14" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="93BE1251A72C9F617032A791240BBCCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Glochidion</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species usually known to Taiwan, while their lanceolate leaves and glabrous pedicel of male flowers observed seemed to be consistent with the diagnostic traits of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F5B35AA686238E00F389DB1C416E31D" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B6E549A406ABA8C1B74FAC1DD6D68FC6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, when compared with another dubious species
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. chademenosocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="chademenosocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. chademenosocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E80241230438935553813FA5BB1330D9" lsidName="G. chademenosocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="chademenosocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE0DEFA550B3545886652EBB295C52A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. chademenosocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also described in Taiwan, as suggested by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, PT" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" refId="B28" refString="Li, PT, 1994. Glochidion. Flora Republica Popularis Sinicae. Tomus 44. AngiospermaeDicotyledoneaeEuphorbiaceae. Science Press, Beijing, 133-162." title="Glochidion. Flora Republica Popularis Sinicae. Tomus 44. AngiospermaeDicotyledoneaeEuphorbiaceae. Science Press, Beijing, 133 - 162." year="1994">Li (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B1AC67AF0AE5EB55332521C6A58BCF17" author="Li, PT" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" refId="B28" refString="Li, PT, 1994. Glochidion. Flora Republica Popularis Sinicae. Tomus 44. AngiospermaeDicotyledoneaeEuphorbiaceae. Science Press, Beijing, 133-162." title="Glochidion. Flora Republica Popularis Sinicae. Tomus 44. AngiospermaeDicotyledoneaeEuphorbiaceae. Science Press, Beijing, 133 - 162." year="1994">Li (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on the protologues of the two species. Thus the distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECCDB136689F49CA11339DF0EFA56521" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="67BABF6F0BDA7253B33572265D5E7AA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Taiwan was accepted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="293A7688299402D3A473BA29393A1082" author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, although the type of the species was unavailable in their study. However, the detailed morphological description and line drawing of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A5B91631E855F324575489AD5301D1DE" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9BC900C8379F589DE53C3ED926B3A53B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
provided in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B49F3465B573F5F3CEECDA6BB2347B9" author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
are very different from the type of the species but well identical with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. ellipticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="ellipticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. ellipticum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C84EABF4F4A712095731F806A66AEC9" lsidName="G. ellipticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="ellipticum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="42BBA72638E16BB3F9C75FD5A680B2D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. ellipticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a species distributed in Taiwan but omitted in most literature of Taiwanese
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Glochidion</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="696C34D113ECCE802F6E87C1CF2CF602" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Glochidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glochidion" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2A599B1C7F4E05D2FF72A39F25D62C01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Glochidion</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F1DB5D0B4632CC3968CA78338F3A8A08" author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The result from rechecking the specimens cited as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9ED5C6EE02F7FA1332CACEC2DBEBE2C7" lsidName="G. kusukusense" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="kusukusense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D4EB06A5FEF186A7283E5267C8FD5087" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. kusukusense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2409355511B4BF40E4B0E4527DE0D4A7" author="Hsu, YS" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Forest Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="49 - 68" refId="B20" refString="Hsu, YS, Lu, FY, Deng, SL, Liaw, JC, 2006. A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. Quarterly Journal of Forest Research 28: 49 - 68" title="A taxonomic study of the Glochidion (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." volume="28" year="2006">Hsu et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
further confirmed our conclusion. More specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. ellipticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="ellipticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. ellipticum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B0F36530652D8F17FF6B9AEF701FA8AF" lsidName="G. ellipticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="ellipticum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED70BBA5DF4B528710D89BAE42FC8787" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. ellipticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collected from Chiayi, Kaosiung, Keelung, Pingtung, Nantou, Taichung and Tainan of Taiwan were also found and studied in the current study (see 'Representative specimens
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="examined’">examined'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F39B59B8982ED9AF716401EB8FB1FF84" originalValue="examined’">examined'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
under the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. ellipticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="ellipticum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. ellipticum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD40E91F0D2AB4D1EC2B3399395B9186" lsidName="G. ellipticum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="ellipticum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2FE4A71E312CD748DBC18AA5601025F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. ellipticum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6ED9D5E283A26A94EC1D79A0E5E4A9EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Morphologically, the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="172F46943D77950B1942E5C14E113DDE" lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4238FB2EBD613C42601941098A79113" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to the typical variety of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. zeylanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="zeylanicum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. zeylanicum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D53B710718C36A3CE871964EE090E407" lsidName="G. zeylanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="zeylanicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F4057DF4D3C2130DCDEA88088B5795B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. zeylanicum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but differs by its smaller leaves (6-13
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D49165AC5FEBC296A9DF15F9E14F68F4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2.5-4 cm), ovaries 4-6-locular, and capsules 6-7 mm in diameter (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. General morphology of Glochidion A-C G. acuminatum var. acuminatum Muell. Arg D, E, H G. ellipticum Wight F, G G. lanceolatum Hayata I-K G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob L, P G. puberum (L.) Hutch M-O G. rubrum Blume Q-S G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss T-V G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum Trimen A, D, F, I, M, R, T female flowers B, E, J, S, U male flowers C, G, H, K, N-Q, V fruits L female flowers and male flowers N male flowers and fruits. Photographs: A-C, F, G, I-K, M-O, Q-U by A. Kawakita (Kyoto University, Japan) D-E, H, L, P by G. Yao V Z. Q. Song." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449559" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">2G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A24E6697A3B446009E3299A8AC6E3C9B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. General morphology of Glochidion A-C G. acuminatum var. acuminatum Muell. Arg D, E, H G. ellipticum Wight F, G G. lanceolatum Hayata I-K G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob L, P G. puberum (L.) Hutch M-O G. rubrum Blume Q-S G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss T-V G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum Trimen A, D, F, I, M, R, T female flowers B, E, J, S, U male flowers C, G, H, K, N-Q, V fruits L female flowers and male flowers N male flowers and fruits. Photographs: A-C, F, G, I-K, M-O, Q-U by A. Kawakita (Kyoto University, Japan) D-E, H, L, P by G. Yao V Z. Q. Song." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449559" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">2G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In contrast,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. zeylanicum" lsidName="G. zeylanicum subsp. var. var. zeylanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="variety" species="zeylanicum" subSpecies="var." variety="zeylanicum">G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="19B63BAB63A30FD8E9FF2C7B75A3E34E" authority="var. zeylanicum" lsidName="G. zeylanicum subsp. var. var. zeylanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="variety" species="zeylanicum" subSpecies="var." variety="zeylanicum">G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has larger leaves (8.5-23.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EB417F0DD8FC12B21FF4EEA89949E542" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
5-9 cm), ovaries 6-8-locular, and capsules 8-12 mm in diameter (Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. General morphology of Glochidion A-C G. acuminatum var. acuminatum Muell. Arg D, E, H G. ellipticum Wight F, G G. lanceolatum Hayata I-K G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob L, P G. puberum (L.) Hutch M-O G. rubrum Blume Q-S G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss T-V G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum Trimen A, D, F, I, M, R, T female flowers B, E, J, S, U male flowers C, G, H, K, N-Q, V fruits L female flowers and male flowers N male flowers and fruits. Photographs: A-C, F, G, I-K, M-O, Q-U by A. Kawakita (Kyoto University, Japan) D-E, H, L, P by G. Yao V Z. Q. Song." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449559" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">2Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3A83661E5F612DCD3F12917FE67DDBDE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. General morphology of Glochidion A-C G. acuminatum var. acuminatum Muell. Arg D, E, H G. ellipticum Wight F, G G. lanceolatum Hayata I-K G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob L, P G. puberum (L.) Hutch M-O G. rubrum Blume Q-S G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss T-V G. zeylanicum var. tomentosum Trimen A, D, F, I, M, R, T female flowers B, E, J, S, U male flowers C, G, H, K, N-Q, V fruits L female flowers and male flowers N male flowers and fruits. Photographs: A-C, F, G, I-K, M-O, Q-U by A. Kawakita (Kyoto University, Japan) D-E, H, L, P by G. Yao V Z. Q. Song." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.54839.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/449559" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">2Q</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Additionally, as revealed in previous studies, pollen morphology of the two taxa also showed differences in terms of pollen size and aperture system (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Deng, MZ" journalOrPublisher="MSc thesis, Taiwan" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" refId="B9" refString="Deng, MZ, 1992. A taxonomic study of Phyllantheae (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. MSc thesis, Taiwan" title="A taxonomic study of Phyllantheae (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." year="1992">Deng 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1D24169374F9EB2A984F89CB3424B99A" author="Deng, MZ" journalOrPublisher="MSc thesis, Taiwan" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" refId="B9" refString="Deng, MZ, 1992. A taxonomic study of Phyllantheae (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan. MSc thesis, Taiwan" title="A taxonomic study of Phyllantheae (Euphorbiaceae) of Taiwan." year="1992">Deng 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" author="Yao, G" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="102 - 110" refId="B45" refString="Yao, G, Zhang, DX, 2016. Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 102 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" title="Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" volume="34" year="2016">Yao and Zhang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="914568DBA8A59DBF9C029F3E041DE1A8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" author="Yao, G" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="102 - 110" refId="B45" refString="Yao, G, Zhang, DX, 2016. Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 102 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" title="Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" volume="34" year="2016">Yao and Zhang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Pollen grains of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8399D0DCC8593BD51BAB47DD8A2699F1" lsidName="G. lanceolatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="905B0D99EDF3AE147FA2E8005FF8C6C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">G. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are smaller in size [polar axis (P) = 17.25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="47B58754D7A6A302B79A17FABD1B8F5F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, equatorial axis (E) = 15.47
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0D8D33D0898174B59AC40C65D3D24192" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
] and showed a 3-4-colporate aperture pattern (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" author="Yao, G" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="102 - 110" refId="B45" refString="Yao, G, Zhang, DX, 2016. Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 102 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" title="Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" volume="34" year="2016">Yao and Zhang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E53104D9A6BF84A5E9688BC139B46DA5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" author="Yao, G" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="102 - 110" refId="B45" refString="Yao, G, Zhang, DX, 2016. Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 102 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" title="Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" volume="34" year="2016">Yao and Zhang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In contrast, pollen grains of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. zeylanicum" lsidName="G. zeylanicum subsp. var. var. zeylanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="variety" species="zeylanicum" subSpecies="var." variety="zeylanicum">G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B1E27018F0B8604BD2F412E013414AA" authority="var. zeylanicum" lsidName="G. zeylanicum subsp. var. var. zeylanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="variety" species="zeylanicum" subSpecies="var." variety="zeylanicum">G. zeylanicum var. zeylanicum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are larger in size (P = 22.28
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1CE2117D1ECC2D2215E647D41E2C6700" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, E = 19.49μm) and showed a 4-colporate aperture pattern (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" author="Yao, G" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="102 - 110" refId="B45" refString="Yao, G, Zhang, DX, 2016. Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 102 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" title="Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" volume="34" year="2016">Yao and Zhang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6C373359D6002CE6477DC959B55B2972" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" author="Yao, G" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="102 - 110" refId="B45" refString="Yao, G, Zhang, DX, 2016. Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic Journal of Botany 34 (1): 102 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" title="Pollen morphology of Chinese Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) and its taxonomic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00912" volume="34" year="2016">Yao and Zhang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F7DBBAAB7F4158CC8E79AFCD4D40659F" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DDB4E008D5D120536C978A2E412214D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="959F03730E6FF6447CF28768F186224D" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
China. Taiwan. Hsinchu Hsien, Peipu,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="0" value="24.7">24°42'0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="AB018E9E1FA79A5EB4259CDD69BA5D42" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="0" value="24.7">24°42'0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="5" value="121.05139">121°3'5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="729DE3F392540F0EA89A80208F70419A" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="5" value="121.05139">121°3'5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12 January 1908,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">U. Mori s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0307C1F063EC47662C9A56476C7F3E8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">U. Mori s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Hualien Hsien, Tungmen, Wunlan, at an elevation of 180-250 m, 23 November 1982,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Y. Tateishi 16250</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7C773114B84FB57A98B59EC928217073" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Y. Tateishi 16250</emphasis>
|
||||
(HAST); Keelung,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="25.12861">25°7'43"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1B2C837F2BA9F8B2D629FE3E41AD71FF" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="25.12861">25°7'43"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="9" value="121.73583">121°44'9"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="2107EBB655652F09074B8900E8BF508B" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="9" value="121.73583">121°44'9"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 8 September 1928,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Sasaki s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A25920E84B47B0CE1B61D104CDB07A67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Sasaki s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Kaohsiung, Shoushan, al. 400 m, 16 October 1985,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S.Y. Lu 17379</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="48A462C99C1A5CE4E211842F516B3AAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S.Y. Lu 17379</emphasis>
|
||||
(HAST); Keelung, Ensorei,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="25.125555">25°7'32"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="82588A3FD692726510E46033F9978602" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="25.125555">25°7'32"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="121.76556">121°45'56"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4A6E932FF9E8047AF6B8E2C537AE2A48" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="121.76556">121°45'56"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 14 April 1929,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Suzuki s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D5C523336B30B7031A8965946A12AB61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Suzuki s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Keelung, Hopingtao,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="25.159166">25°9'33"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9B24CD11FF098A19C5D8C56FF6FEFBDC" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="25.159166">25°9'33"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="5" value="121.75139">121°45'5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A1235323ACADEE444CE49D0B34522C5C" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="5" value="121.75139">121°45'5"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 8 December 1963,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.C. Chuang & M.T. Kao 5541</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A6584F5C972F0C8A62E204AE1EB899E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.C. Chuang & M.T. Kao 5541</emphasis>
|
||||
(PH, TAI); Ilan Hsien, Lotung,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="24.682777">24°40'58"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E81C5268BC16D465266821CA20713181" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="24.682777">24°40'58"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="121.78694">121°47'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5442F18FC08264951DC42FE608E8DB25" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="121.78694">121°47'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 13 November 1932,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Suziki 12348</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C8EA545B444A60EBFA220A002442E039" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Suziki 12348</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Ilan Hsien, Suao,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="24.59278">24°35'34"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9EA4E6C31F6DE22DD33DD1905F6FA825" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="24.59278">24°35'34"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="121.843895">121°50'38"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9223B9D4A8CC8A2AA84B8D28FF32F547" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="121.843895">121°50'38"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Y.M. Hsu 113</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E702DEB4A1D2D8F5C3FC74D336FC51E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Y.M. Hsu 113</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Ilan Hsien, Lungtanhu, along the paved road surrounding the lake, at an elevation of 100 m, 23 January 1997,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S.M. Liu 556</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E771043525865EDAB3BDC4456A1C87E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S.M. Liu 556</emphasis>
|
||||
(HAST); Ilan Hsien, Toucheng Town, TaHSI, Taoyuanku trail, at an elevation of 50 m, 16 November 2000,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">J.J. Chen 539</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="80B0157BFDED42C43945790B75DBA422" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">J.J. Chen 539</emphasis>
|
||||
(HAST); Miaoli Hsien, Zhuolan, at an elevation of 0-300 m, 10 July 2001,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.M. Wang 5060</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="75B4E09A00FDA4DE4591B5E3B0FC2A16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.M. Wang 5060</emphasis>
|
||||
(IBSC); Pingtung Hsien, Manchou Hsiang, Chunhsing Bridge-Chiatulu,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="22.021389">22°01'17"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6F30547160A0AC096933CA08B5792A76" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="22.021389">22°01'17"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="120.80806">120°48'29"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CC904D491589CD23DD795D68817A7BEA" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="120.80806">120°48'29"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, at an elevation of 60-100, on broadleaf forest, 11 April 1998,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.M. Wang et al. 03069</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E1BB7354658C5B7C90B70684124F432" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.M. Wang et al. 03069</emphasis>
|
||||
(PE); Pingtung Hsien, Peiyeh-Shanpaiwan,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="6" value="22.701668">22°42'6"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="03BC4E477231EBC464CD3830F5482E25" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="6" value="22.701668">22°42'6"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="120.641945">120°38'31"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B7BF115451B9A4690A6EBDB2A0368CCC" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="120.641945">120°38'31"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 25 December 1930,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Suzuki 6798</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="641B8CC65FA27707744C7D17B3534F36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S. Suzuki 6798</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Pingtung Hsien, Shihtzu Hsiang, Shouchia-Mutan,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="22.24611">22°14'46"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4D87B245418810F0052B82A9711FEDC6" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="22.24611">22°14'46"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="120.83028">120°49'49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3D167FE5451EB6AA6E8312F18D562B30" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="120.83028">120°49'49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, at an elevation of 420 m, roadside, 26 March 1999,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.M. Wang 03936</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FDAB2108FC832A10F5FDAEA9DDE1281D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.M. Wang 03936</emphasis>
|
||||
(PE); Taipei, Muchihshan,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="25.020834">25°1'15"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FB15093822CDBD8A1782E3DB2F4EF805" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="25.020834">25°1'15"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="3" value="121.58417">121°35'3"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DAA5DF73BA74F7EBC663C80CBE2D5495" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="3" value="121.58417">121°35'3"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12 April 1985,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S.F. Huang 2780</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9543DD77F5459AF4EEA036F9054C650B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">S.F. Huang 2780</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Taipei, Peitou,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="25.128334">25°7'42"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="AF73684729ACF7B1D418114B75D03126" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="25.128334">25°7'42"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="121.494995">121°29'42"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="28722766CAFB8AA9152E0BB4A507FE4C" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="121.494995">121°29'42"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 13 December 1931,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T. Suzuki 5904</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="589F3B814244E684AEF3B75D8364364E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T. Suzuki 5904</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Taipei, Tatungshan,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="25.172777">25°10'22"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D3BF197C6FF37D7A35CAA524BE0A83E8" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="25.172777">25°10'22"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="121.52583">121°31'33"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7C8515F4906B7192349AE2E9335ED8D7" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="121.52583">121°31'33"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 30 December 1929,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Y. Simada 1743C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5D43673AE8C0F3A2844C60B7D61EE029" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Y. Simada 1743C</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Taipei, Wantan,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="24.944166">24°56'39"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1BF7B03D8B1AE7CC750C3EF761BCBEAF" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="24.944166">24°56'39"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="121.53028">121°31'49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E6B0BC787E545ED1F51A253695B2F627" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="121.53028">121°31'49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 21 March 1949,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">H. Keng 1008</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="63CA2373FE113D3B1BFA783A470BDA80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">H. Keng 1008</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Taipei, Chungho Shih: Yuan-Tung-Ssu, at an elevation of 50 m, 6 October 1989,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.H. Lin 258</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A7B043723839CB2020ACC8665E7B4D46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.H. Lin 258</emphasis>
|
||||
(HAST); Taipei, Linkou Hsien, Hou-hu, roadside, at an elevation of 100-200 m, 23 September 2000,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.L. Huang & H.M. Chang 134</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="42F03453223E49D1C6B2D5E29C6D6349" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">C.L. Huang & H.M. Chang 134</emphasis>
|
||||
(HAST); Taitung Hsien, Hungtou river, Lanyu,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="22.030277">22°1'49"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="18056EB6B1B1895A8F7990AD92055A06" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="22.030277">22°1'49"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="121.55361">121°33'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FD28073503D52DEDD70D3797DA0CAFA6" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="121.55361">121°33'13"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T. Hosokawa 8048</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7367D55C12FD5D9BA4F731A184FCE0E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T. Hosokawa 8048</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI); Taitung Hsien, Lanyu Hsiang, Bridge Chungaichiao, roadside, 4 December 1996,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.Y.A. Yang et al. 07749</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="75A9ED4D3D7E254B77A601F97A655656" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.Y.A. Yang et al. 07749</emphasis>
|
||||
(KUN); Taitung Hsien, Lanyu Hsiang, Langtao, Pond Hsiaotienchih, at an elevation of 180 m, roadside, 18 December 1997,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.Y.A. Yang et al. 09881</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="756EFFE73814343C058B543CAF45B123" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.Y.A. Yang et al. 09881</emphasis>
|
||||
(IBSC); Taitung Hsien, Lanyu Hsiang, Langtao, Pond Hsiaotienchih, at an elevation of 150-180 m, 9 July 1997,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.Y.A. Yang et al. 08598</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF8DE25740DB3790ED3DD51C02B91B79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.Y.A. Yang et al. 08598</emphasis>
|
||||
(IBSC); Taitung, Lanyu, Orchid Is.,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="22.056389">22°3'23"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6A1A213D51AB36AA04DCCCAB69982579" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="22.056389">22°3'23"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="121.51444">121°30'52"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="32DA059556BFD540A5EB9B1E72196918" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="121.51444">121°30'52"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.C Huang et al. 10552</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="39255A3D0E28B044E3F235E8B5696786" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">T.C Huang et al. 10552</emphasis>
|
||||
(TAI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,392 +1,392 @@
|
|||
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|
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Ophioplinthaca amezianeae
|
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|
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&
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, 2006
|
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|
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|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">, 9</figureCitation>
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|
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|
||||
<figureCitation id="6DCA88EF1E833EC228BE1EBDBB82039E" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B5C171EEFFFDCA7B96D162876B6F89BB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">, 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4971E60C984F17939392A3F8F8C3C0CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6AB26BA946872FCE8BF45FA7C7DBE578" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C91821AD0BCF28477C6175AD47111B6E" authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="95F5E408C40E3FC28177DB5B881B6E99" originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="498A820AEC51B17E431C2020B877D4FF" originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 2006: 77-78, fig. 9D-G.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="OK043832" collectingDate="2020-11-27" country="Guam Island" county="Southwest" elevation="3600" latitude="11.672167" location="Northwest Pacific" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="141.34283" municipality="Mariana Trench" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB59B78934D2546B84B2A49EE47453C4:B9490B7C71A8F69B1D3418EE3A028DCC" country="Guam Island" county="Southwest" latitude="11.672167" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="141.34283" municipality="Mariana Trench" name="Northwest Pacific">Northwest Pacific</location>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C589E254422398AF127C7CB378C7B754" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4469AC4A8B99036B9E093D5D4244686F" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4346E58F3905A736AAF891FEA0A8AA1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="D85410CAB313FA249546B7D7B08CD6D4" accessionNumber="OK043832" collectingDate="2020-11-27" country="Guam Island" county="Southwest" elevation="3600" latitude="11.672167" location="Northwest Pacific" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="141.34283" municipality="Mariana Trench" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<location id="B9490B7C71A8F69B1D3418EE3A028DCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB59B78934D2546B84B2A49EE47453C4:B9490B7C71A8F69B1D3418EE3A028DCC" country="Guam Island" county="Southwest" latitude="11.672167" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="141.34283" municipality="Mariana Trench" name="Northwest Pacific">Northwest Pacific</location>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="25D2B251B266A4A4FA6E2E7A47BFF372" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
; near
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Mariana Trench</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="9DCFA375829119D7F4B4E394477EA910">Mariana Trench</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Southwest</collectingCounty>
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="77B8C664CC8D701987F5729B6B74FCD4">Southwest</collectingCounty>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Guam Island">Guam Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="59AA043B4669005131E374E3554FFA2E" name="Guam Island">Guam Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, seamount;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="40.33" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="11.672167">11°40.33'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D63E743C95F9D418709277B02092C8B4" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="40.33" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="11.672167">11°40.33'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="20.57" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="141.34283">141°20.57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="10F3CBDEA639A1B5BBAF892A876C0721" degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="20.57" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="141.34283">141°20.57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; depth
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</elevation>
|
||||
<quantity id="D2916E97981D1D63C3B3C2C848415B79" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="0E38682707E7C0C41B524552655F701C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2020-11-27">27 November 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
<collectingDate id="611AFCFB9104C039BDF2C1AD1E0014B4" value="2020-11-27">27 November 2020</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Collecting event: stn. SC040; Shenhaiyongshi msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; GenBank:
|
||||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OK043832">OK043832</accessionNumber>
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="98E1227774D4FF48531FD5684BF625A7" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OK043832">OK043832</accessionNumber>
|
||||
; IDSSE-EEB-SW0109
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E436852A340483C00F39558DD4CC3789" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="72E38C1E760FA7858DC0800EFFBD82DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="17AA894A6DC18F1A459229A685EA12D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
Disc diameter 11.5 mm, arm base width 2.5 mm (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C5BE103FA877877E58DDAC679E5AF517" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Disc</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7697B5B574AB073A1320B00B6F2BB0BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F64FEA456CE8068AEECACF5E9FD88C53" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C46E0A63A38837BF174D079E14F7EDCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Disc</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Sub-pentagonal and incised interradially to 1/8 disc radius, creating five wedge-shaped lobes over each arm base in contrast to sunken center and interradii of disc (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3BF4BF8127FDB09DBCF48BDF02016056" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Disc scales variable in size, overlapping, dense at center, and some scales bear spines (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="04988CB71FE01DC81349F8E9D2D4989C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Scales increase in size distalwards from disc center to distal end of radial shields interradially (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8C-G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="469DA75A1704E99B7DD550272BE4E380" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8C-G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Disc spines at disc center 0.7-0.9 mm high, thick, with cylindrical to rounded base, tapering to a sharp point, or terminating in usually one or two small thorns, with additional irregular flanged thorns arising from lateral margins along the spine (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="39B40A587B36D7F9427A92886561C843" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Disc spines on disc periphery and around radial shields, slightly smaller than center spines (0.5-0.7 mm in height), cylindrical, finely rugose, with thorny blunt tip (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6EBE0952718178E013C24E8072BC4AF7" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Radial shields large, twice as long as wide, with acute proximal end, much wider convex distal end, and completely separated by disc scales (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A37F86AF54107BDAE8DAF6771D5B2861" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventral disc covered by smaller scales compared to dorsal scales and overlapped, without or rarely bearing spines (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8B, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0675563C31025E9DE41D5F60D65E98D7" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8B, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Genital slits conspicuous and extending from oral shield to periphery of disc (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="907A440893DA29687C4F594528C0A3B4" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Madreporite arrowhead-shaped, as wide as long, triangular with pointed proximal end, convex distal edge with thickened lateral margins (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="80E4AD8DBC4DEBF0B80BEDF40245D164" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Oral shield arrowhead-shaped, as wide as long, triangular with pointed proximal end, slightly concave lateral margins along adoral shields, lobed distal edge with rounded lateral margins (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1839995A269E75F50DF2742F9EF9162F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Adoral shield 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="26FAC6305CE5FFD8383B3A748EED6AA1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide, with straight lateral margin, and pair of shields proximally connected (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="64BEBFD2F2DB56C567975001E02A2442" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Jaw longer than wide, and oral plates concealed by adoral shields (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="536B05AE4989874AD84EEB163D28EF95" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Jaw bearing one large, pointed ventralmost tooth with three pointed, rod-like lateral oral papillae, shorter than ventralmost tooth, finely rugose, with wide, rounded base, and pointed tip (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3F0D7F5255AF4274D4442A39493812B4" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). One small, oval adoral shield spine at lateral margin of adoral shield at edge of second tentacle pore (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E69E3232CD48780717906761FF7DEF91" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="F4A4D3E6E93ADE5090AE68BE04A6645D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0B266FC94A7BF62CF81EC1E4A2CCDBD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4D1A64DB6193A1E0E385CFE73D0B7E1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="19AECA586B5E1465199C11A73FA5AB7B" authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDC19DF57C778DB76C7E0CCD684E94E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CD898DC31F2F8F5D056245BEEC62F0CB" originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="189E6163848E0B31803200BCD919F4BA" originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0109)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="313759227AA27BB8B93F7F4C336255D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal disc
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF372B0333276E082B31618E742C8DB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">B</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral disc
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D5BA967391057A95E80F7FD38C8601C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">C</emphasis>
|
||||
center of the disc
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D-G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="996ABFC4970A44622C3EF0931655B54F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D-G</emphasis>
|
||||
disc spines
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="EF61C97EE89FEA1CA0F3476C9F362EC4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">H</emphasis>
|
||||
radial shield
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7F068C5AE33B07498B60BB651324452E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">I</emphasis>
|
||||
oral frame
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A86FC2DC703B06F48BAF5ADAD6A7C576" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">J</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal side of the arm base
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AD6DF193C402B24863A051B4C15ADFB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">K</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal arm
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="24B8E098BF061FA42B45641607CAA741" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">L</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral arm,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F35138C0AF5C3F871939CB62A2DDD79E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">M</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral arm. Abbreviations:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">as</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F88723E3A2C5FF5C08B7D609C05ED5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">as</emphasis>
|
||||
adoral shield,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">ass</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F87B78C0CE17BF1101B43FBB92AB278E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">ass</emphasis>
|
||||
adoral shield spine,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">dap</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C1127448084CE146F514C2F249DD177" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">dap</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal arm plate,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">das</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5CCB0426A14115E39281B409A068494B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">das</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal arm spine,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">dp</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E7DB7428A10DC6E04E1423DE8DEA946D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">dp</emphasis>
|
||||
disc plate,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">gs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D368F18120E7DDC19AF922962680F63D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">gs</emphasis>
|
||||
genital slit,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">j</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ABF2B22621386F83FB956939CBA2EAA6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">j</emphasis>
|
||||
jaw,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">lap</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF2A8ED351321ECB4EDE7B0AE7D519D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">lap</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral arm plate,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">m</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="01CAEAA27008F5461F7C37F16B3556E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">m</emphasis>
|
||||
madreporite,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">os</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9530D11F8ACBDBD72646BD32420D7F19" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">os</emphasis>
|
||||
oral shield,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">rs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="40CF7F2BA30BB4AF7AD48AF4B93F1C8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">rs</emphasis>
|
||||
radial shield,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">ts</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4AB41125F3A0AA91D8018F26C16A01EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">ts</emphasis>
|
||||
tentacle scale,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">vap</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9B21F239A1FA0E46D9368A76711B29A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">vap</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral arm plate,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">vas</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D305A63BE4F2D05CF36FEFDBA33B4DC1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">vas</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D460BC12E710844D1603D405DD44DFE0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
); 1 mm (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">H, I, K, M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="52C7304F3BC19CFBDECDE71013DF71ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">H, I, K, M</emphasis>
|
||||
); 500
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AA1246D8C17592EEA8E0E7DB190E41A7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">C, J, L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="25B56D931607F37D6F2E83A2A870E9FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">C, J, L</emphasis>
|
||||
); 200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="798D62B9595A0609B534F10E45416211" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D-G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D55A20DD07FFBF93EF253A3355ED545" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D-G</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Arms</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="91E175EC33D50B5D13339F92ACE67FB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="11665C21932875D70D85394E3B96519F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5080D849AF0253A2869407360E8947F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Arms</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Five slightly moniliform arms, with smooth plates. Dorsal arm plates fan- to bell-shaped, with truncated proximal end on first dorsal arm plate, but following plates with obtuse proximal end, straight to slightly convex proximolateral margins, and convex distal margin (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E9D8EAAA089E1A03E2A02EC02AF6805A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Dorsal arm plates at proximal end of arm barely separated, but distally widely separated (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E764319AF0C35E7A317ADFE8F9B83E0A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). First ventral arm plate trapezoid, as wide as long, with sunken proximal end, distally connected to second ventral arm plate (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E7BE35C526630A8936F3CD1F06D880EF" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Following ventral arm plates twice as wide as long, with obtuse proximal end, straight proximolateral margins, straight lateral angles, straight to slightly wavy distal end, and widely separated (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7118C5144AB7FE8C6BE66D91BA4C44D5" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Lateral arm plates meeting above and below. Up to five arm spines: two dorsal spines, three arm segments in length, slender, thorny, laterally compressed with row of tall sharp thorns (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J-M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9A953644C9A1A293A34941EF7C64C288" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J-M</figureCitation>
|
||||
); two ventral spines, two arm segments in length, thick, with blunt tip, rugose, and thorny surface (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C414ED5716792C2F41DF761CCDA79912" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8J, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). First tentacle pore covered by one or two tentacle scales with rounded base and pointed tip (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4BB57F83468E70A262946458570E9993" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Following tentacle scales with rounded base, spiniform, pointed tip and covered in irregular thorns, mostly on middle to distal half of arm (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0FA56339240EF2EBD48BB0D6DCDF0C61" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8L</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Color</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="11F22F69CD187D959B61EED54BA5AA61" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C3860B32D41F00437D4202AACBF231C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="527315839FF3996D35C2BE47E6F771C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Color</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In live specimen, orange-brown dorsal disc, pale color on arms and ventral disc, arm spines orange, and disc spines red (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D7373A737B0BACB7179688454B19E4A9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A dorsal disc B ventral disc C center of the disc D-G disc spines H radial shield I oral frame J dorsal side of the arm base K dorsal arm L ventral arm, M lateral arm. Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, dap dorsal arm plate, das dorsal arm spine, dp disc plate, gs genital slit, j jaw, lap lateral arm plate, m madreporite, os oral shield, rs radial shield, ts tentacle scale, vap ventral arm plate, vas ventral arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (H, I, K, M); 500 µm (C, J, L); 200 µm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682269" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ossicle morphology</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="63BA224B5AEEA6DA42AF3766AD0B74B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C5FDA494E9CA98141747AF1C9726D354" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="47E76F90C5A31E8639DB339AB5E9DFEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ossicle morphology</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Arm spine articulations well developed, four in number, and placed at slight angle to distal edge of lateral arm plate. Volute-shaped perforated lobe forms dorsal and distal part of articulation (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D49962F939A632044F35DE5A55FAF606" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); large muscle opening, small nerve opening (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B32672FFEF7E432C92F6163E54FCA0AC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Proximal half of lateral arm plate internal surface with continuous ridge and prominent knob close to ventral edge forming vertebral articulation, shaped like a broad, nose-shaped beak (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="75B7C6C337CBC7E18E3F70AABC141B7E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventral arm spine thorny, with blunt apex, several longitudinal rows of perforations and small thorns (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D3582BD7920EBF697F6FEB3A98063F57" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Vertebrae with streptospondylous articulation, short, broad podial basin at proximal end, and narrow small distal end (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9D-H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E20FE67E0DA4F0D17718FFF06827F40A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9D-H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Dorsal end of vertebrae distally triangular and proximally flattened with longitudinal groove along midline (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8DEC5CBBF6B3A65CC99DB00CAAA50529" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventral end of vertebrae with broad ambulacral groove with lateral ambulacral canals (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9F-H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="393718600313711F381343DAA1D2441F" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Ophioplinthaca amezianeae O'Hara & Stoehr, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0109) A, B lateral arm plate C ventral arm spine D-H vertebrae D proximal view E distal view F ventral view G dorsal view H lateral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, ri ridge, th thorns, v ventral, vs volute-shape. Scale bars: 800 µm (A-E, G, H); 500 µm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">9F-H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="C02BCA357775EDDD07DC0462E8612773" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1099.76479.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682270" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||||
<paragraph id="28ED22ACDC9D10031E6728306B7535F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<emphasis id="94447A211C1ECA59465ADDEEBFB966CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C832834B0450D8461332308972A33AE7" authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="128D67ED6E8609CB8C2EE125FEAD8D97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CA7EEDC2C1150B5EDD14A6FD4F40E616" originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D182F7CFF68CF3A8B41E7BB8015B68B4" originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 2006 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0109)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="EBA4A34DA95934BFAA676A975229CA38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral arm plate
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="47A97999CF53A4BCF8EB4D3553735E63" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">C</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral arm spine
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D-H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BFC38B8037B1F75CC6950797EC771DEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D-H</emphasis>
|
||||
vertebrae
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0C5C47F3A1BA5C673F798DECD4DDE552" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">D</emphasis>
|
||||
proximal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CF88B8465269EAFD9EEA9271E3F98AC1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">E</emphasis>
|
||||
distal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AD51DCE91F9A0816208762EB3B83D23A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">F</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="36E9F50297EE1269A31EF0C6E6B503D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">G</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="397BD2F38E3B5A7F90CE03EE8871864E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">H</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral view. Abbreviations:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">d</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="90B0DE049099B606E322BACDC7F86BC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">d</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">de</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D42E67B9FC7B0DC084FCA409A95BB3A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">de</emphasis>
|
||||
depression, dist distal,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">lac</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="169E899472571D93E780F0ECE3BB1FB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">lac</emphasis>
|
||||
lateral ambulacral canals,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">mo</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="73FED64864C43E975A73799394EDE007" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">mo</emphasis>
|
||||
muscle opening,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">no</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C4CC79B60277B2E9BA78E3D6723042E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">no</emphasis>
|
||||
nerve opening,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">pb</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5ED7F879714A5D721C6DDB775AAF95E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">pb</emphasis>
|
||||
podial basin,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">prox</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9B8E8FCC26BE0A0AF31F8E8EB067C4E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">prox</emphasis>
|
||||
proximal,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">ri</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="184740701FB0AE34AAA194ED337FCC1E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">ri</emphasis>
|
||||
ridge,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">th</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA8C3F86950B57E7132091700D95F498" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">th</emphasis>
|
||||
thorns,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">v</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B6FD5B49C0EF8FC50653D08BDF984E04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">v</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">vs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2712C78EC86F78057809E1E0F80CEA39" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">vs</emphasis>
|
||||
volute-shape. Scale bars: 800
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E132F0B80DC2DDFE1EE64D462349DA35" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A-E, G, H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6790DE0129D04634ADB3BCCDF362C31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">A-E, G, H</emphasis>
|
||||
); 500
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2DB6F5A3DCAE95A65DD440C0682C6A2C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7BE8AC2E124C0F19F2352DD3FD8097D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">F</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">1618-3600 m depth, Southwest of Guam Island, Northwest Pacific, New Caledonia, New Zealand.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="99F51CC06E8333BE16A643E852C87F83" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5579728CB45BAB228B7646EBFB9B0DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="757E503E4D85DFCB699B8D1F8FBA070A" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">1618-3600 m depth, Southwest of Guam Island, Northwest Pacific, New Caledonia, New Zealand.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="136FFD68B65E8771B474B5328726D45D" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B244E5A89AE805693E0A0561B6CC6A04" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7BCBD936CF49F0E7942548BABAE4A05B" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE0F82F97C7CDAB7DA3FDE59A5D58EB4" authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E319FEA994DB21BE60F93357D90826D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Hara, TD" journalOrPublisher="Acta Oceanologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" publicationUrl="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" refId="B41" refString="O'Hara, TD, Stoehr, S, 2006. Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. In: Richer de Forges B et al. (Eds) Tropical Deep-sea Benthos 24. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993), 33-141. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" title="Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. In: Richer de Forges B et al. (Eds) Tropical Deep-sea Benthos 24. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993), 33 - 141." url="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" year="2006">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="10E60EFA6EA0DE4C1A558FC5702CB84B" author="O'Hara, TD" journalOrPublisher="Acta Oceanologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" publicationUrl="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" refId="B41" refString="O'Hara, TD, Stoehr, S, 2006. Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. In: Richer de Forges B et al. (Eds) Tropical Deep-sea Benthos 24. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993), 33-141. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" title="Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. In: Richer de Forges B et al. (Eds) Tropical Deep-sea Benthos 24. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993), 33 - 141." url="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" year="2006">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="15906F79005C78C93AC04AC9303387BC" originalValue="O’Hara">O'Hara</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6584A5906F4E57EB21BAF693755AD319" originalValue="Stöhr">Stoehr</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(2006)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and recorded from deep waters in the South Pacific region. It can easily be delimited from most species in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C324A3918D41A1739FE1302D950F0E8E" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6DB2C1752FD761957B23ABBA1DF3CEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by disc spine, radial shield, and tentacle scale characters (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Tabular key to all species of the genus Ophioplinthaca. Abbreviations: ASE arm segment, ASS Adoral shield spine, DAP dorsal arm plate, DAS dorsal arm spines, L length, LOP lateral oral papillae, VAP ventral arm plate, VAS ventral arm spines, VMT ventralmost tooth, W width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F85B69899787A840F669B2BD815C383" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="9F85B69899787A840F669B2BD815C383">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1E6D5802C483BD538F043F0294FA6AF0" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Tabular key to all species of the genus Ophioplinthaca. Abbreviations: ASE arm segment, ASS Adoral shield spine, DAP dorsal arm plate, DAS dorsal arm spines, L length, LOP lateral oral papillae, VAP ventral arm plate, VAS ventral arm spines, VMT ventralmost tooth, W width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F85B69899787A840F669B2BD815C383" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="9F85B69899787A840F669B2BD815C383">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="385CAFEB26B5CB83C08D250D37941B07" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E7C7BDBF3ED9A0ABF5829E87CC89CF9" authorityName="O'Hara & Stoehr" authorityYear="2006" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca amezianeae" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CE842F079A575E150A67A80BE8A31DE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the present study is similar to the holotype description, but it differs slightly in the disc spine shape and number of arm spines on the lateral arm plate. However, the number of arm spines differs between individuals (6-10 arm spines) according to the description of paratype variations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="O." lsidName="O. amezianeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">O. amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DDF2FB5F8D7401BB172AAAB3D3A8ABD0" lsidName="O. amezianeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2EC655DC2B7F112C77965DA1D2CF337" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">O. amezianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="O'Hara, TD" journalOrPublisher="Acta Oceanologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" publicationUrl="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" refId="B41" refString="O'Hara, TD, Stoehr, S, 2006. Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. In: Richer de Forges B et al. (Eds) Tropical Deep-sea Benthos 24. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993), 33-141. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" title="Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. In: Richer de Forges B et al. (Eds) Tropical Deep-sea Benthos 24. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993), 33 - 141." url="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18965845" year="2006">
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and
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2006
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). The disc spines of our specimen are slightly thicker than in the holotype, but their shape and irregular flanged thorns arising from lateral margins along the spine are similar to the holotype description. The holotype is significantly larger than our specimen (14.5 mm disc diameter), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FFBA5BC3ECEB39BB7866C9EADA28E7E" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioplinthaca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophioplinthaca" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="0C89CA1655D18E88455D8A2581DFF12E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ophioplinthaca</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species usually show high intraspecific morphological variation. Therefore, a slight difference in disc spine thickness can be considered as intraspecific morphological variation within
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="O." lsidName="O. amezianeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">O. amezianeae</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9DAE78EC5A15E7C5C5F958958BDB2272" lsidName="O. amezianeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" rank="species" species="amezianeae">
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<emphasis id="4858974471281E1D2D998ECF05E5A682" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">O. amezianeae</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,167 +1,167 @@
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Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 235. 1820.
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="33D7B2EFCBBD61240E2DC0787047F93D" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Scirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scirpus grossus subsp. var. var. kysoor" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="grossus" subSpecies="var." variety="kysoor">Scirpus grossus var. kysoor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Roxb.) Clarke, Fl. Brit. India 6: 660. 1894.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" form="kysoor" genus="Scirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scirpus grossus subsp. f." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="grossus" subSpecies="f.">Scirpus grossus f. kysoor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="18C9D59A155332CD1FDAB00B18660484" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A5197CC113C89948F8288BD0D69BC694" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" form="kysoor" genus="Scirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scirpus grossus subsp. f." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="grossus" subSpecies="f.">Scirpus grossus f. kysoor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Roxb.) Beetle, Amer. J. Bot. 33(8): 661. 1946.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenoplectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schoenoplectus grossus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossus">Schoenoplectus grossus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="21796C8E48FECC59C85E3EB2288A81D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A88AF345732C43093B207041437FAC34" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenoplectus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schoenoplectus grossus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossus">Schoenoplectus grossus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
auct. non (L.f.) Palla, in Enum. Pl. Nepal 1: 118. 1978.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CC088A51C469EC700D81FCF6AFE0336C" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F4497E3D24421AE5434394A0242869D" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="071F401183D4FA92CE49CE4BE85B5D76">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9FB810D9C1F1ABD3AF4E8215FF79F22C" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
Roxburgh Icones No. 2017 [(
|
||||
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="D0A447C21867C975DA9C3EB7B6B1E5C1">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" author="Noltie, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B17" refString="Noltie, HJ, 1994. Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51 (2): 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" title="Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" volume="51" year="1994">Noltie 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1408AB5258D45A4380C18310CF8C95BC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" author="Noltie, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B17" refString="Noltie, HJ, 1994. Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51 (2): 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" title="Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" volume="51" year="1994">Noltie 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pg. 173: K, n.v.), (epitype, designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" author="Noltie, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B17" refString="Noltie, HJ, 1994. Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51 (2): 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" title="Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" volume="51" year="1994">Noltie 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E5C95D943EC195CC10FC87A52CCCE65F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" author="Noltie, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B17" refString="Noltie, HJ, 1994. Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51 (2): 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" title="Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXVIII. Eriocaulaceae (Eriocaulon), Musaceae (Musa), Cyperaceae (Actinoscirpus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042860000086X" volume="51" year="1994">Noltie 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pg. 173: E (E00386664 image!))].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="454E4C5BBF94409D5DB8E89CC8B5DB57" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="00C379DD79B820757A631CF95A739C21" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="053417FE6960813A9997D483C85DCF0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
Culm angle scabrous towards the apex. Glume with a distinct 0.5 mm, recurved mucro. Perianth bristles plumose. (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Actinoscirpus grossus var. grossus A culm B glume C achene; A. grossus var. kysoor D culm E glume F achene." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.180.67634.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574961" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">1D-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EB628A3B3D58925DB60B10B2EF188003" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Actinoscirpus grossus var. grossus A culm B glume C achene; A. grossus var. kysoor D culm E glume F achene." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.180.67634.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/574961" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">1D-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Nepal, India and Bhutan.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="25A95642C7BE1DCE58D747198221373D" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1F467C51AA119B662A0E366E62EC400E" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="80BAF2B711504FFED0003DD594E75009" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Nepal, India and Bhutan.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Grows in paddy fields; 71 m elev.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D8254A2F74281BA420A2B418A5FDB70D" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="17D7D2D8CA68D6A2CFF3F2D3FC770120" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B867F409A230A141955F87E1FC537B14" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Grows in paddy fields; 71 m elev.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="phenology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Flowering in August-September; fruiting in October-December.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CF12CB50CCA5568B396B457B5F695B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="phenology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="143A914A191066651C3AB7DA6CF4685A" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A943B529BAAFB7CE8CADDD51F66BD6D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Flowering in August-September; fruiting in October-December.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="specimen examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Nepal, Jhapa</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="681A1A1882ABD81FB72FDC2F20A7C144" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="specimen examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA3263D70CF8A88E0A6FD7DE09D30B79" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BFC9CA315C0BEF58AF9FF50B4D99BCC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C3A87D2F24A4AE521AF112CD428EDB56" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Nepal, Jhapa</emphasis>
|
||||
: Kachankawal Rural Municipality (RM), Baniyani,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="15.94" value="26.43776">26°26'15.94"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="25193565B7070E02A5D990CC655010DA" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="15.94" value="26.43776">26°26'15.94"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.28" value="88.05036">88°3'1.28"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DB00173F4BAF87226287BAD78B9A2185" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.28" value="88.05036">88°3'1.28"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 71 m elev., 04 Dec 2020,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">S. Chaudhary 20120410</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7278743B11736ED6F04E631B4B5E4995" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">S. Chaudhary 20120410</emphasis>
|
||||
(KATH, TUCH).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Note.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F9F033A962C7D66A0D3ADEFCA2301C1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F08027F7F7C9196998FD4A797F6A75B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Note.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6BF0D9055B48C8D9475D09E9A206791F" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
The first author visited: Rupa Lake and other wetlands of Pokhara Valley, Central Nepal and Jhapa District, East Nepal; observing multiple specimens. Samples deposited at KATH (Central Nepal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">S. Dahal 20074</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2094E6ED43C919C7F786FBC9A32974CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">S. Dahal 20074</emphasis>
|
||||
) and TUCH (Central Nepal,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">R.R. Kafle 7</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CBF2AA4D331629AD933CF44867070846" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">R.R. Kafle 7</emphasis>
|
||||
) were examined. Upon close inspection of the culm, glume and achene characters, the Central Nepal populations exactly match
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="var. grossus" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Actinoscirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinoscirpus grossus subsp. var. var. grossus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="grossus" subSpecies="var." variety="grossus">Actinoscirpus grossus var. grossus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="996BD8BE16837D7C546FBFC0E4990159" authority="var. grossus" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Actinoscirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinoscirpus grossus subsp. var. var. grossus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="grossus" subSpecies="var." variety="grossus">Actinoscirpus grossus var. grossus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while the East Nepal populations matched with that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Actinoscirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinoscirpus grossus subsp. var. var. kysoor" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="grossus" subSpecies="var." variety="kysoor">Actinoscirpus grossus var. kysoor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F67DFFFF28B6AA6C892CF5243CC03C72" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Actinoscirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinoscirpus grossus subsp. var. var. kysoor" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="grossus" subSpecies="var." variety="kysoor">Actinoscirpus grossus var. kysoor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Therefore, it can be concluded that the two varieties of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Actinoscirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinoscirpus grossus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Actinoscirpus grossus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9FEB9BF467FB0CD84246B83981AA5E42" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Actinoscirpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinoscirpus grossus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B5C1E01EB9A1CB773BCCA53C103242FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Actinoscirpus grossus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occur in Nepal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="eleocharis r.br., prodr. fl. nov. holland. 224. 1810">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Eleocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eleocharis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Eleocharis</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="036EB8B3E5772215129941691906B4E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="eleocharis r.br., prodr. fl. nov. holland. 224. 1810">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5656CF959DFCBF47F5CD5220F1F9D81E" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2FA993043CFAA1A6C75F2B58C76758A" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Eleocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eleocharis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="16D4850871BF2DDBD07D2F721390BBB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Eleocharis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 224. 1810.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="A9BB38A26766D248CE54CDAE722BC5D1">Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7E33B2E9A20481CECFBA9EE5607D02C" type="email">itagaki@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9F03D6ABA6F8D80A5740E405185BB0C1">Itagaki, Hiyori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="258AA2E826D5A0326FAAB86D07EA3CC4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-0826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FE64E0EA311F949C6700293B2D14E67B">Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="45838400666B42248B80D72E3D9CD495" type="email">itagaki@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9AEACF33CC9B68A9665163D844859E6F">Hosoya, Tsuyoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="90264F72AB069D16972E0E18BE9C119D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-5677</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="179796CC51580C30F11A330311927923">Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="1C8F51851F50BC89E859757979848D9D">Hosoya, Tsuyoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EEEE540ADAE94B7519A9082641BD52D6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-5677</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6704C1AF402B10DAF08F9C52F864B225">Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="52D65C0E823936A1D33945C631E743FC">MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0CA249B8A0F263ECA0939235CB7705C5">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DB6C0BBC91AF51249BA2767B6EEF5D5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB6C0BBC91AF51249BA2767B6EEF5D5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6C0BBC91AF51249BA2767B6EEF5D5F" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<treatment id="DB6C0BBC91AF51249BA2767B6EEF5D5F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212429802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB6C0BBC91AF51249BA2767B6EEF5D5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB6C0BBC91AF51249BA2767B6EEF5D5F" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" scope_order="Helotiales" scope_phylum="Ascomycota">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AC8D1F36846FC3AEE645DAE72C87AB3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="347729E1CDB8A14D309A79FE119CBDED" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5770279CDDFCFFB836904E0CC56DDD8C" LSID="DB6C0BBC-91AF-5124-9BA2-767B6EEF5D5F" authority="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis ramosa" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="ramosa" status="sp. nov.">Neobelonopsis ramosa Itagaki & Hosoya</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5770279CDDFCFFB836904E0CC56DDD8C" LSID="DB6C0BBC-91AF-5124-9BA2-767B6EEF5D5F" authority="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis ramosa" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ramosa" status="sp. nov.">Neobelonopsis ramosa Itagaki & Hosoya</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9D1E4F5A989D3E3956E20651086194A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ of NBRC 115362 on PDA undulate, flat, floccose to cottony, sepia (C30-60M100Y60-
|
|||
<caption id="B43C4C2BA9C89BC69083B61BADD07035" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892426" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="447FC1B2DEC8E1C03CAF981FED932001" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||||
<emphasis id="93ECFA06B71A0F181D479BA33C015ED1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBEB02E3E0C478B1ABAD2ABE4E28083F" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis ramosa" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBEB02E3E0C478B1ABAD2ABE4E28083F" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis ramosa" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5009B6A665946AD8B854D2081FC6981E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Neobelonopsis ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(TNS-F-86030, holotype)
|
||||
|
|
@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ three months old colony on PDA. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
|
|||
<subSubSection id="FCFF73D976B36FA653034E066C03F38B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CFAA0F279723EC096684F1D9B6EAA658" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="48E41C778CA8154DE0AD044E6148AEA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08EEF6BABD67A3B56B14AE6AE5131ECE" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis ramosa" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08EEF6BABD67A3B56B14AE6AE5131ECE" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis ramosa" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="21D9D230BB12EA714D8C595725A13F25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Neobelonopsis ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is morphologically distinguished from other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39AE835FE2BD84D616E8172D4C1F1597" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39AE835FE2BD84D616E8172D4C1F1597" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1774D45317BAC10A7F1DBBB63C66E780" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Neobelonopsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species by its frequently branching paraphyses (Figs
|
||||
|
|
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ species by its frequently branching paraphyses (Figs
|
|||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3FA5F8D7E9547D8CD75DCB43928935A5" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Trichobelonium miscanthi (TNS-F- 17835, holotype) A fresh apothecia on the decaying culm of Miscanthus sinensis B dried apothecia with stromata (arrows) C brown connective hyphae extending from the base of fresh apothecium D texture of stroma (in LA) E conidiophore (in LA) F vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) G fresh outermost cells of ectal excipulum with refractive vacuoles (in water) H ascospores (in CB / LA) I fresh ascospores with droplets (in water) J blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) K croziers at the base of ascus (in CB / LA) L long refractive vacuoles in fresh paraphysis (in water) M branching paraphysis (in CB / LA) N immature ascus containing oil globes in the cytoplasm (in CB / LA) O ascus with mature ascospores (in CB / LA) P immature ascus (in water) Q ascus with ascospores (in water) R one month old colony on PDA S pale yellow crystals formed on the edge of the colony T acicular crystals (in water) U hyphal mass attached to the bottom of the Petri dish V-X swollen cells with melanized appressorium-like structure. Scale bars: 1 mm (S); 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.25 mm (C); 50 μm (F, U); 20 μm (G, T); 10 μm (D, E, H-Q, V-X)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892428" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">12</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="43E994D0EB33DF5A6DF0973CCAD00ACA" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis microspora" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="microspora">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="43E994D0EB33DF5A6DF0973CCAD00ACA" authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya" authorityYear="2023" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Mollisiaceae" genus="Neobelonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Neobelonopsis microspora" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="microspora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A0E750319F5289169258927349DD6A95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Neobelonopsis microspora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also have branched paraphyses (mostly branched once), but differ from
|
||||
|
|
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ also have branched paraphyses (mostly branched once), but differ from
|
|||
<emphasis id="64D4023664A12E381490F8A63D937C46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">N. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in ascospore with a stable number of septum (1- or 0-sepatate, respectively).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="644ECE60F2150271401CB3CBDDFFCE01" class="Ascomycetes" family="Dermateoideae" genus="Belonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Belonopsis pamparum" order="Helotiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pamparum">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="644ECE60F2150271401CB3CBDDFFCE01" class="Ascomycetes" family="Dermateoideae" genus="Belonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Belonopsis pamparum" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pamparum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E99F1FBF0A361AFB17A59FE28DE2292" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Belonopsis pamparum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Speg. resembles
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,110 +1,110 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="84704C38E62362484DD12A8AC8BAE1DA">A survey of Phrurolithidae spiders from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Ke-Ke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3667</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">liukeke_1986@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5906C85A5DBD2934FD672A71C8223CDA">Liu, Ke-Ke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Luo, Hui-Pu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7BE14EA9BF2D70F02E941AE9B5CC5B3B">Luo, Hui-Pu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Ying, Yuan-Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1779728FB2DE50E1C35200228C473F2D">Ying, Yuan-Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Xiao, Yu-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Xu, Xiang</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D8C7F360BAD005AE1E0F65ED37ED686E">Xu, Xiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68C2F1C4F3059E9AC262AA5959106207">College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Xiao, Yong-Hong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164986649" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB734E67872B56778234F23D563480E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB734E67872B56778234F23D563480E1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<treatment id="DB734E67872B56778234F23D563480E1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164986649" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB734E67872B56778234F23D563480E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB734E67872B56778234F23D563480E1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Phrurolithidae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CDA141A5602420D1592F67A0A12D0F4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="382DBA651634AD8EFC24EC6E2CD0D228" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="DB734E67-872B-5677-8234-F23D563480E1" authority="Thorell, 1897" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otacilia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Otacilia Thorell, 1897</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3018A34E789355ED9014EA83BF2C4692" ID-CoL="63GS6" LSID="DB734E67-872B-5677-8234-F23D563480E1" authority="Thorell, 1897" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otacilia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Otacilia Thorell, 1897</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes.">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
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|
||||
<paragraph id="D5A8257569B7EC9025081121F6E0DC97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A51A19B1EC9186C2AEC0B6CFE12D7519" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Currently, there are 99 species included in this genus, with 74 recorded from China. In the last five years, the total number of species from the country has increased considerably, due to the considerable attention paid to them by many arachnologists. They are widely distributed in southern China, such as Hainan (six species), Taiwan (two species), Zhejiang (four species), Yunnan (ten species), Guangxi (two species), Guizhou (five species), Sichuan (eight species), Chongqing (nine species), Hunan (19 species), Hubei (four species) and Jiangxi (seven species) provinces.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.7982" author="Jin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Jin, C, Fu, L, Yin, XC, Zhang, F, 2016. Four new species of the genus Otacilia Thorell, 1897 from Hunan Province, China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae). ZooKeys 620: 30-55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.7982" title="Four new species of the genus Otacilia Thorell, 1897 from Hunan Province, China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae). ZooKeys 620: 30 - 55." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.7982" year="2016">Jin et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="168C4D5C7ED6A667769070728BCA9AC3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.7982" author="Jin, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Jin, C, Fu, L, Yin, XC, Zhang, F, 2016. Four new species of the genus Otacilia Thorell, 1897 from Hunan Province, China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae). ZooKeys 620: 30-55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.7982" title="Four new species of the genus Otacilia Thorell, 1897 from Hunan Province, China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae). ZooKeys 620: 30 - 55." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.7982" year="2016">Jin et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
divided
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otacilia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Otacilia</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D34F0EF062BFC60A9B4B3DB55A616BEF" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otacilia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4B503FD84AF290E31605A457DF2673D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Otacilia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
into five species groups, i.e., the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="armatissima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatissima">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">armatissima</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="68A83B049BD1FBF0084CCC9214B9730C" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="armatissima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatissima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8AAB80FD586FD76BAEB43F42E80F40A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">armatissima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-group,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ambon</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="40FBE6ACD952A00FD87F6FC1395C1D9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ambon</emphasis>
|
||||
-group,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">longituba</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="70738921A7C40150B57CE331BFAE8C10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">longituba</emphasis>
|
||||
-group,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pseudostella</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="73A1175F5B2959D22A2F5D5B7A9C7A64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pseudostella</emphasis>
|
||||
-group, and a fifth unnamed group containing the remaining species (i.e., species known from a single sex, or with poor original descriptions and figures or peculiar structures). These seven new species most likely belong to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="armatissima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatissima">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">armatissima</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D7B23C3203B408C96B940C0AD6FE2A6" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Otacilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="armatissima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatissima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8B9B4F6F455FB33A39BE12069AFEDE46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">armatissima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-group. Only one new species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. bijiashanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bijiashanica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. bijiashanica</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBC9F31969B0A4A8765DBBA22B099F4C" lsidName="O. bijiashanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bijiashanica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AC5EFD46124D6E565677187152930AA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. bijiashanica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Liu, sp. nov., has two tibial apophyses, while the others only have one.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
|
|||
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<treatment id="DB80146C1B807BE553D6AC7AEA89CD5B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127881999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB80146C1B807BE553D6AC7AEA89CD5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB80146C1B807BE553D6AC7AEA89CD5B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatment id="DB80146C1B807BE553D6AC7AEA89CD5B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127881999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB80146C1B807BE553D6AC7AEA89CD5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB80146C1B807BE553D6AC7AEA89CD5B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Plectopylidae">
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<subSubSection id="B62F865EA69F1D475D5BD250A3747B71" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="6120AF7B54D34F9B972F23A2344E4BC5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
|
@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ L. Pfeiffer, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 272, Plate 36, fig
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1914
|
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<taxonomicName id="A015146DCFB4DAE23A700D03ABA16743" class="Gastropoda" family="Plectopylidae" genus="Plectopylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectopylis (Chersaecia) laomontana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laomontana" subGenus="Chersaecia">Plectopylis (Chersaecia) laomontana</taxonomicName>
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, - Gude, The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma.
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<taxonomicName id="509CC923B39F7A19BA574D10DAD12F86" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="509CC923B39F7A19BA574D10DAD12F86" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
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.−II. (
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<taxonomicName id="FACBF11C1CF469AB14F09CFF673000E3" family="Trochomorphidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Trochomorphidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="FACBF11C1CF469AB14F09CFF673000E3" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochomorphidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Trochomorphidae</taxonomicName>
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-
|
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<taxonomicName id="30B5A2EA1B6CE4AA2FE2DE1BC35BC229" family="Janellidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Janellidae</taxonomicName>
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): 73.
|
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|
|
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ Figure 8. Photo of the reproductive anatomy of
|
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<caption id="3D2DAE648B37A4709F5114753F41269B" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
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<paragraph id="E1ACB161953EACA10276A1CDFA7BBE80" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Figure 9. Inner walls of reproductive organs of
|
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<taxonomicName id="65C33A27491096E150AA25A316FFDDF1" family="Plectopylidae" lsidName="" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="family">Plectopylidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="65C33A27491096E150AA25A316FFDDF1" class="Gastropoda" family="Plectopylidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Plectopylidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<normalizedToken id="38AD762C1A91EAAF2D58644B074BB0B2" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName id="E8DB1620072810ACBCF373BFE5AA2A0D" class="Gastropoda" family="Plectopylidae" genus="Naggsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naggsia laomontana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laomontana">Naggsia laomontana</taxonomicName>
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|
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@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ and behaviour.
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<caption id="9F9BB9759A53E58F03B7DD227CECA0F1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph id="5039F7FAF463240B4847D73BC4C5C99B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Figure 11. Parietal plication of
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<taxonomicName id="FE5D66822D6C43B656771EFB38F62855" class="Gastropoda" family="Plectopylidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Plectopylidae</taxonomicName>
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species (diagrammatic figures). A
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<taxonomicName id="8688E4F497DC4D4353E974F40008ECDC" class="Gastropoda" family="Plectopylidae" genus="Hunyadiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hunyadiscus saurini" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="saurini">Hunyadiscus saurini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
|
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|
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|
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@ -1,177 +1,177 @@
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||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031874" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01613AEF-7593-43F1-B83C-CB7F8A13AF21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB873017FB08BE00434AEC40100D9CB9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01613AEF-7593-43F1-B83C-CB7F8A13AF21" authority="Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis aquilonius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonius">Falsocis aquilonius Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="DB873017FB08BE00434AEC40100D9CB9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031874" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01613AEF-7593-43F1-B83C-CB7F8A13AF21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB873017FB08BE00434AEC40100D9CB9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" scope_family="Ciidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CF126F171F82749BDCE0AEA9D11B4581" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D9C9FDB037F96228C3752B72816F03C3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5289261FB84843C7524F071A19E2E62" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01613AEF-7593-43F1-B83C-CB7F8A13AF21" authority="Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis aquilonius" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="aquilonius">Falsocis aquilonius Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7052976DF86E72CD9CC73455BEC6EB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 1-941
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D1B9575BD1C5A88E08B29B7C70ACFB8D" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A4F462399EF626F42DD2152196B77F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FF72EFD3DCD00C19C17DB65AE8460121" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
Cerro Campana, in the province of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4096529290FFA1ED586D798D4806E2DF" originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Panama (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.433333">8°26'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3ED59DA444D2DA17733ADA6CBC1E7FA4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.433333">8°26'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.28333">81°17'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B2FA7DB1B89BDFDFC1BEFA07D531D89A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.28333">81°17'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5D20F4FF82B6A9DD6271865098C341D7" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E07F5E6A73E716D623B91D99D9CEDFB9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AC9F5E15307700A74C179795F18C2EE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
The specific epithet is from the Latin"aquilonius" (adjective), which means "from the North", in reference to its occurrence at the northernmost locality for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DB3B6050E8B974DB397D496F6C977A2B" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Epipleura enlarged posteriorly, but just slightly explanate (Figs 2-3), not or barely visible from above, with external margin simple (not crenulate). Pronotum with lateral margins visible for their entire lengths from above. Male abdominal sex patch small with a diameter of one-fifth the length of the first abdominal ventrite.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EF649A2568E30C46AF2F99DE6024E603" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F01DEF5B81ED9D530C3BD78C925E6FC4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9BE49C8DA6A15FA4455DC21AA96FB4E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Epipleura enlarged posteriorly, but just slightly explanate (Figs 2-3), not or barely visible from above, with external margin simple (not crenulate). Pronotum with lateral margins visible for their entire lengths from above. Male abdominal sex patch small with a diameter of one-fifth the length of the first abdominal ventrite.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DA35D25231E77E0E675992B076441EF3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CFFEAE7A0B3A53DFA6CF9127AFFF5173" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C0C40649E57D280427C82C8B51DF67C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
Male holotype (Figs 1-3), measurements in mm: TL 2.21; PL 0.95; PW 1.11; EL 1.26; EW 1.16; GD 0.89. Ratios: PL/PW 0.86; EL/EW 1.09; EL/PL 1.33; GD/EW 0.77; TL/EW 1.91. Body oblong, strongly convex, mostly yellowish brown; coxae and femora pale yellow; mesoventrite, metaventrite and first abdominal ventrite whitish. Head not visible from above; frontoclypeal ridge slightly raised,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="62" start="start">bearing</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="0066855F5B22CC66BCF07F93275A473C" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" start="start">bearing</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
two very short, barely pronounced tubercles; disc slightly convex, closely and coarsely punctate, glabrous; in between punctures finely granulate. Eyes coarsely facetted; greatest eye width 0.15mm. Each antenna (left antenna measured; FL 0.18mm; CL 0.18mm; CL/FL 1.00) with length of antennomeres (in mm) as follows: 0.08;
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="63" start="start">0.06</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="FD9B8A2532BA225832B9FB2D7737ED49" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" start="start">0.06</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
; 0.06; 0.05; 0.03; 0.02; 0.02; 0.05; 0.05; 0.08. Pronotum with single and coarse punctation; punctures very close to each other on disc and near the lateral and posterior margins, but somewhat shallower and separated by a distance of about one puncture-width at the anterior projection; in between punctures finely granulate; vestiture grayish, dual (seen in lateral view under a magnification of 100
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ECAD12DB113163B174E35EA8646B75B1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), consisting of conspicuous stout erect bristles (~0.05mm) and very small decumbent setae (a bit less than 0.02mm); anterior angles rounded, produced forward; anterior edge explanate and produced forward forming a plate that slightly curves upward and tapers toward a rounded apex; lateral margins slightly explanate and visible for their entire lengths from above, irregularly crenulate. Hindwings fully developed. Scutellum subtriangular, densely covered by stout decumbent bristles (better seen in lateral view); basal width 0.15mm. Sides of elytra parallel at basal three-fourths, broadly rounded posteriorly (seen from above) and converging to a blunt apex; punctation single and confused; punctures coarse and separated by a distance of one puncture-width or less; in between punctures dull; vestiture dual, similar to that of pronotum; lateral and apical margins not visible from above; epipleura tapering from base to middle, then enlarging to apex, with external margin simple (not crenulate). Ventral surface of thorax and abdomen finely granulate, with vestiture of decumbent slender setae. Prosternum flat; prosternal process laminate, three-fourths the length of procoxae. First abdominal ventrite twice as long as the second at midline; setose sex patch circular and margined, located near the posterior margin and with a diameter of one-fifth the length of the ventrite at midline.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Male terminalia in paratypes (Figs 5-6). Eighth sternite (Fig. 5) with posterior margin straight; posterior angles slightly produced forming two small lateral prominences. Basal piece (Fig. 6) nearly one-third the length of tegmen. Tegmen (Fig. 6) with anterior portion subtriangular; lateral margins straight, slightly diverging to apex; posterior portion with a median V-shaped emargination of about one-third the length of tegmen, forming two lateral lobes. Penis (Fig. 6) as long as tegmen, subcylindrical; lateral margins straight for half of their lengths then slightly curved inwards to a narrowly rounded apex.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Females (Fig. 4). Similar to males, but frontoclypeal ridge straight, barely sinuous, with rounded angles. Anterior pronotal margin broadly rounded. Abdomen devoid of sex patch.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A50E1E6BC6C4100ED2060E50B44819C2" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Male terminalia in paratypes (Figs 5-6). Eighth sternite (Fig. 5) with posterior margin straight; posterior angles slightly produced forming two small lateral prominences. Basal piece (Fig. 6) nearly one-third the length of tegmen. Tegmen (Fig. 6) with anterior portion subtriangular; lateral margins straight, slightly diverging to apex; posterior portion with a median V-shaped emargination of about one-third the length of tegmen, forming two lateral lobes. Penis (Fig. 6) as long as tegmen, subcylindrical; lateral margins straight for half of their lengths then slightly curved inwards to a narrowly rounded apex.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E72AC7833FEA151BB8B84DDB3726EF4C" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Females (Fig. 4). Similar to males, but frontoclypeal ridge straight, barely sinuous, with rounded angles. Anterior pronotal margin broadly rounded. Abdomen devoid of sex patch.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="variation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6293DF0C008B3732BDE8BC71FA1C9BDB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="variation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F9420AC4A8A59ABEEBE4A3ABB58CBF54" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="30A17A601FECAECAAF9D61E314FDFC05" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Males, measurements in mm (n = 6, including the holotype): TL 2.00-2.84 (2.45
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FA2CDD98F9AF099FF5C8134CAB33C8D3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.32); PL 0.74-1.32 (1.02
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BEEBA4D2966D4E68113ABECEF4F1B8F5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.20); PW 1.00-1.37 (1.16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="44ADB5CE901ACBBE53F0D6B096046462" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.12); EL 1.21-1.47 (1.37
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D81E34D4CADB724675DE49A9B2E353BE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.11); EW 1.05-1.42 (1.23
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E8106A4FD963F5A18127F49C3C42A695" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.12); GD 0.84-1.16 (0.97
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="006BD0CA7C828005803FB5CE15DAE03B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.13). Ratios: PL/PW 0.74-0.96 (0.87
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8215A7E3AFAB3AD9891FA5216A3529A0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.09); EL/EW 1.04-1.17 (1.12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="97D98C4AC2822C4EA567F14EAB75882E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.05); EL/PL 1.12-1.64 (1.37
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E85794BCFF62E9F9178DE221C11E89A0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.18); GD/EW 0.74-0.88 (0.79
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="84E873F85EEAA06C7D057FB0E2E5E4DF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.05); TL/EW 1.90-2.17 (1.99
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="958C1FBCC886EFD44D6A5E97A0738FDB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.10). The anterior plate (projected anterior margin) of pronotum in males varies from very small (Fig. 7), medium size (Fig. 8, similar to that of holotype) to extremely projected (Fig. 9); but the apex of this plate is rounded or blunt and devoid of tufts. Females, measurements in mm (n = 5): TL 2.21-2.53 (2.38
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="41D37CC25FF81D8C36AB11319636CA63" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.14); PL 0.79-0.89 (0.83
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="56C78FB35FE51ABFD632BDD14F249E02" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.04); PW 1.11-1.37 (1.24
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="29D3B326015BDFFC4F0F5A01D38B52D5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.10); EL 1.37-1.63 (1.47
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="38B4529BF05D9DD23D230AB464D6596C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.11); EW 1.16-1.47
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="64" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="0191987F9B196941028F798D99E7CDE9" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
1.33
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="065BAA6FCD6F426A85492987E65C299C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.13); GD 0.95-1.16 (1.05
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B4DD0CDE3C1BD42382806EF87326965D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.08). Ratios: PL/PW 0.60-0.81 (0.67
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DC582BF5FE8121271016C1A0A0BB16A5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.08); EL/EW 1.04-1.27 (1.12
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1EE3E8929DDB440BF0CF2A6DEEE98340" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.09); EL/PL 1.63-1.94 (1.78
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F974265C200C7D6413136DDCE490C9AA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.15); GD/EW 0.74-0.95 (0.80
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="51C824BB4A27E2643217CA35596A13E9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.09); TL/EW 1.68-2.14 (1.81
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4152DCD6EFFB607354055AC26CD9E56A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.19).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="type series">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Type series.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FD661BB3D16F508314106F28012F05C8" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="type series">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ECD9A497D76D4F48372242C240578526" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Type series.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4DF155FC53BB8FDD19B1920F6F611809" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
Holotype. (ANIC) Panama: \R.P.: Panama Cerro Campana Feb. 22, 1975 Lawrence, Erwin \
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Phellinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Phellinus" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Phellinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55D614310349DBB38A43B01734698992" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Phellinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Phellinus" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Phellinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. \ J.F. Lawrence Lot [printed] 3799 [handwritten] \ Falsocisaquilonius Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence HOLOTYPUS [printed on red paper]\. Paratypes.Panama: 1 male and 1 female (ANIC), same data as holotype; 3 males (1 ANIC, 2 LAPC), 4 females (2 ANIC, 1 LAPC) \2.5mi S.W.Rincon Puntarenas, Costa Rica, Mar. 1-7, '67 \ J.F. Lawrence Lot. [printed] 2175 [handwritten] \ R. Andrews Collector\. Costa Rica. 1 male (ANIC) \La Lola, C.R. III-8-1958 M.J. Stelzer [handwritten] \ MS 58.4 [handwritten]\; 1 female (ANIC) \Puerto Viejo COSTA RICA VIII-4-65 \ J.F. Lawrence Lot [printed] 1611 [handwritten]\. Colombia. 1 male (Marseul Collection, MNHN) \Dupont Colomb [18]41 [handwritten in circular green paper] \ MARSEUL [handwritten in rectangular small green paper] \ [circular blue paper, without information] \ FALSOCIS SPP. [handwritten] det. J.F. Lawrence 19 [printed]\. All paratypes distinguished labeled \
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5BA55851C19F3C4151253F7185F25067" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
aquilonius Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence PARATYPUS [printed on yellow paper]\.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="comments and comparative notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Comments and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D12BC4B38A65DA3CE2011C1ED8E36FFA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="comments and comparative notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E9FE764291B581FEAEFA1E90F3F6B95" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Comments and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7649D7BB8C0C250F05FB9C6ABC8B684C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
One specimen collected in an unidentified
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Phellinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Phellinus" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Phellinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="35209BFEEF6C850712196D8E94ECDAB3" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Phellinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Phellinus" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Phellinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. This is the only
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="255D841B55AE4B64F89037C41BF45D72" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species known from Central America, but it also occurs at the northernmost South America (Fig. 41). Recent field collections in Colombia were unsuccessful in recapturing the species, so the country record is based only on a single old male without precise locality data. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis opacus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">Falsocis opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D7FAE677021384BEE3DC18ACE82B8DA9" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis opacus" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="opacus">Falsocis opacus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the epipleura is much more enlarged, easily visible from above, with external margin crenulate; the male eighth
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="65" start="start">sternite</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="0A35EBD0EA638D182D01C16B10440A29" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" start="start">sternite</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
is similar, but basal piece is strongly developed and is almost half the length of aedeagus; tegmen is elongate, four times as long as wide. In the remaining
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BF6573254E44F61844FF982970AF280" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Falsocis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the epipleura is narrower near the apex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<caption id="DC3076FF177AAB4A1AA1D94AEB0282DC" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E03EAC132D0A3E75D00CC8F7CEBCA9BE" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
Figures 1-6.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis aquilonius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonius">Falsocis aquilonius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5B2233EE96000DF1AD0091353EDFB481" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis aquilonius" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="aquilonius">Falsocis aquilonius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence, sp. n., male holotype 1-3, shown in the same scale, female paratype from Puntarenas, Costa Rica 4 and slide preparation of male terminalia of a paratype 5-6. 1 Dorsal view 2 Lateral view 3 Ventral view 4 Dorsal view 5 Eighth sternite 6 Aedeagus (left) and gross outline of aedeagus (right) showing tegmen (continuous line), penis (dashed line) and basal piece (dotted line).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<caption id="09CC22FFB917CD0C2ADF0A582AE26FBC" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8942BBFCB94BBE7A110D371F157F586F" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
Figures 7-9.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Falsocis aquilonius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonius">Falsocis aquilonius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6BCE915176076CD3EB6AD80EF1D5BB06" genus="Falsocis" lsidName="Falsocis aquilonius" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="aquilonius">Falsocis aquilonius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence, sp. n., male paratypes, dorsal view, shown in the same scale. 7 Low male from Cerro Campana (Panama) 8 Medium male from La Lola (Costa Rica) 9 High male from Puntarenas (Costa Rica).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,69 +1,69 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201539" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBA0B1D61FCCCB32170BCFF65A8E5091" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBA0B1D61FCCCB32170BCFF65A8E5091" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
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|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<treatment id="DBA0B1D61FCCCB32170BCFF65A8E5091" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201539" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBA0B1D61FCCCB32170BCFF65A8E5091" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBA0B1D61FCCCB32170BCFF65A8E5091" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" scope_family="Vitaceae">
|
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<subSubSection id="58CFAC65B306073E1A3B649C7D784155" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C521F58A09AF72B31BEF6278D325C6FF" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
8a.
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="E24AD553-E5BA-5198-A41E-A7B0D24653FF" authority="(Diels & Gilg) J. Wen & Z. L. Nie var. megalophylla" basionym-authority="Diels & Gilg" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Nekemias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nekemias megalophylla var. megalophylla" order="Vitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="megalophylla" variety="megalophylla">Nekemias megalophylla (Diels & Gilg) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie var. megalophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F957B19FF45FBAE442DDB33F066F72E" ID-CoL="8S9VP" LSID="E24AD553-E5BA-5198-A41E-A7B0D24653FF" authority="(Diels & Gilg) J. Wen & Z. L. Nie var. megalophylla" basionym-authority="Diels & Gilg" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Nekemias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nekemias megalophylla var. megalophylla" order="Vitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="megalophylla" variety="megalophylla">Nekemias megalophylla (Diels & Gilg) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie var. megalophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borner" authorityYear="1913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitaeda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitaeda megalophylla" order="Vitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalophylla">Vitaeda megalophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F03E0D978BBF554289CCD8A4FB978A98" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8D4985F705A845E809E8296D67A039BB" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1317BB943ECCCEA37EF1321D71F5D6CC" authorityName="Borner" authorityYear="1913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitaeda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitaeda megalophylla" order="Vitales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalophylla">Vitaeda megalophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Diels & Gilg)
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Börner">Boerner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D856AD09F18C6AEEE8743DFCB4AAED34" originalValue="Börner">Boerner</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 21: 280. 1913.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">China (Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C3224137814EA41546E83BAA0F592C87" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA83BCE5FA7482E0FE8AB43B66F83AA2" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="46FF6DAD82CB0515E4F079820FDAD3C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">China (Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,132 +1,132 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="4054CC7A3896D48B0DB564C0D33F50E1">Taxonomic remarks about Semiclivina (Kult, 1947) new status, with description of Uroclivina subgen. n., and of two new species from South America (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Clivinini)</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031188" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:581B1ABC-14ED-4D8B-B216-7119CF90DCDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBBA8CEB4C8CC0771367CAF57D066A20" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<treatment id="DBBA8CEB4C8CC0771367CAF57D066A20" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031188" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:581B1ABC-14ED-4D8B-B216-7119CF90DCDC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBBA8CEB4C8CC0771367CAF57D066A20" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Scaritinae" scope_tribe="Clivinini">
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<subSubSection id="A0578D848546807E513AB2030F267A20" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EA773C5FC2C5DDC334B4A1B862A6A4AD" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Semiclivina" authority="Kult, 1947" authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina Kult, 1947</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="34">stat. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88A3623747FDF201F76DAA0E28E5FABC" ID-CoL="8KYVK" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Semiclivina" authority="Kult, 1947" authorityName="Kult" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina Kult, 1947</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73F50EB820C903D5C1C8E66A09B70A62" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">stat. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="15604932EF34BD9365EE1B3E417DD202" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5ABDD5F0FEF8F68992AFF27F471A4DCA" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E8F91DEA4B054D3C303C9E278F8E46E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kult, K" journalOrPublisher="Spolecnosti Entomologicke)" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" pagination="26 - 37" title="Treti studie o strevlicich tribu Clivini (Col.). The 3 rd study to the knowledge of tribus Clivinini (Col., Carab.). (18 th Contribution to the knowledge of Carabidae.) Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechoslovakiae (Casopis Csl." volume="44" year="1947">Kult 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4A6344D5D86253FFC9CF8E04B90B0606" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E0347AEF8A27CFA4E1289E222AF9BDB5" author="Kult, K" journalOrPublisher="Spolecnosti Entomologicke)" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" pagination="26 - 37" title="Treti studie o strevlicich tribu Clivini (Col.). The 3 rd study to the knowledge of tribus Clivinini (Col., Carab.). (18 th Contribution to the knowledge of Carabidae.) Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechoslovakiae (Casopis Csl." volume="44" year="1947">Kult 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 31-32; Reichardt 1977: 391;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Nichols 1988a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="30CB95EBBF13B35E510D56690CF63F2B" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Nichols 1988a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 154;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="34">1988b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D41243A9EB4CCD0F728F0DD9C0550CEE" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">1988b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 91;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="Osaka" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="129 - 156" title="The subgenera of Clivina Latreille in the Western Hemisphere, and a Revision of Subgenus Antroforceps Barr (new status), with Notes about Evolutionary Aspects (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Spec. Publ. Japan Coleopt. Soc." volume="1" year="2001">Ball 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B856C6B63E4EFE7A147194C156CB9487" author="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="Osaka" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="129 - 156" title="The subgenera of Clivina Latreille in the Western Hemisphere, and a Revision of Subgenus Antroforceps Barr (new status), with Notes about Evolutionary Aspects (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Spec. Publ. Japan Coleopt. Soc." volume="1" year="2001">Ball 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 136;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae), Second edition, typeset and printed by the author, Tutzing" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" title="Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta Coleoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9D82BDEED66F4B33863F80C639685D74" author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae), Second edition, typeset and printed by the author, Tutzing" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" title="Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta Coleoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 145;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 220" title="The Australian Clivinini 1. The genera Ancus Putzeys, Aspidoglossa Putzeys, Clivinarchus Sloane, Platysphyrus Sloane, Pseudoclivina Kult, Rhysocara Sloane, Syleter Andrewes, the subgenera Paraclivina Kult, Semiclivina Kult, and the atrata-, biplagiata-, brevicornis-, coronata-, coryzoides-, cribrosa-, debilis-, denticollis-, grandiceps-, incerta-, lobata-, obliquata-, obsoleta-, orbitalis-, planiceps-, sulcaticeps-, tranquebarica-, and wurargae-groups of the genus Clivina Latreille. With a note on a record of the genus Parathlibops Basilewsky (Scapterini) (Carabidae, Scaritinae)." volume="12" year="2008">Baehr 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="114D583410927FE5CECFD383BE4327F9" author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 220" title="The Australian Clivinini 1. The genera Ancus Putzeys, Aspidoglossa Putzeys, Clivinarchus Sloane, Platysphyrus Sloane, Pseudoclivina Kult, Rhysocara Sloane, Syleter Andrewes, the subgenera Paraclivina Kult, Semiclivina Kult, and the atrata-, biplagiata-, brevicornis-, coronata-, coryzoides-, cribrosa-, debilis-, denticollis-, grandiceps-, incerta-, lobata-, obliquata-, obsoleta-, orbitalis-, planiceps-, sulcaticeps-, tranquebarica-, and wurargae-groups of the genus Clivina Latreille. With a note on a record of the genus Parathlibops Basilewsky (Scapterini) (Carabidae, Scaritinae)." volume="12" year="2008">Baehr 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 23;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="115A213769076FE1D341C8C3C1DA98C1" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 41.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Type Species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clivina dentipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">Clivina dentipes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B84ED456A2AB0612736DD93F992A4E4E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9AD8E28E2935A633E0C63F03F16F7D47" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Type Species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B9B2987DE3B99B69B4B3885872AC7094" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2D8C1185EC5991268B56064B39CE8A4B" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clivina dentipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">Clivina dentipes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dejaen, 1825, by original designation:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kult, K" journalOrPublisher="Spolecnosti Entomologicke)" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" pagination="26 - 37" title="Treti studie o strevlicich tribu Clivini (Col.). The 3 rd study to the knowledge of tribus Clivinini (Col., Carab.). (18 th Contribution to the knowledge of Carabidae.) Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechoslovakiae (Casopis Csl." volume="44" year="1947">Kult 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F1F864F0E237536427D123C27F9DA27C" author="Kult, K" journalOrPublisher="Spolecnosti Entomologicke)" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" pagination="26 - 37" title="Treti studie o strevlicich tribu Clivini (Col.). The 3 rd study to the knowledge of tribus Clivinini (Col., Carab.). (18 th Contribution to the knowledge of Carabidae.) Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechoslovakiae (Casopis Csl." volume="44" year="1947">Kult 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 31.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7440BA37CA90533666F5F229014BE0C0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB333158B60DACA8856B78B6FFC46DAF" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Kult, 1947) is readily recognized by the sculptured band of the proepisternum, extended more or less parallel to the proepisternal margin in the basal part of the proepisternum, curved inward in the anterior part, ended at the anterior end of the proepisternal-prosternal suture (Fig. 1). This structure was differently interpreted by diverse authors (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BCE6CC3C9F49AAF77E509333EAB1991D" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 38) as furrow, ridge or carina or elongate striole (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 220" title="The Australian Clivinini 1. The genera Ancus Putzeys, Aspidoglossa Putzeys, Clivinarchus Sloane, Platysphyrus Sloane, Pseudoclivina Kult, Rhysocara Sloane, Syleter Andrewes, the subgenera Paraclivina Kult, Semiclivina Kult, and the atrata-, biplagiata-, brevicornis-, coronata-, coryzoides-, cribrosa-, debilis-, denticollis-, grandiceps-, incerta-, lobata-, obliquata-, obsoleta-, orbitalis-, planiceps-, sulcaticeps-, tranquebarica-, and wurargae-groups of the genus Clivina Latreille. With a note on a record of the genus Parathlibops Basilewsky (Scapterini) (Carabidae, Scaritinae)." volume="12" year="2008">Baehr 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F76CC639378F081E87426D710C25522C" author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 220" title="The Australian Clivinini 1. The genera Ancus Putzeys, Aspidoglossa Putzeys, Clivinarchus Sloane, Platysphyrus Sloane, Pseudoclivina Kult, Rhysocara Sloane, Syleter Andrewes, the subgenera Paraclivina Kult, Semiclivina Kult, and the atrata-, biplagiata-, brevicornis-, coronata-, coryzoides-, cribrosa-, debilis-, denticollis-, grandiceps-, incerta-, lobata-, obliquata-, obsoleta-, orbitalis-, planiceps-, sulcaticeps-, tranquebarica-, and wurargae-groups of the genus Clivina Latreille. With a note on a record of the genus Parathlibops Basilewsky (Scapterini) (Carabidae, Scaritinae)." volume="12" year="2008">Baehr 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 23). In fact it is a slightly elevated band like structure consisting of
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="35" start="start">very</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="217D06A396C764B1EEE5E83DCA0D0E3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" start="start">very</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
fine, regular transverse ridges. This sculptured band (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A8159B700393B510E2DD74EF52487B9C" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 38) is part of a stridulation organ in the sense of a pars stridens, whereas the corresponding plectrum is a fine, sharp longitudinal ridge, just above the distal part of the lower inner edge of the profemur (Fig. 2). In some species the outer edge of the profemur is produced to a remarkable denticle, but this structure does not interact with the stridulation organ in any way. The function of this stridulation organ has not been observed so far.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<caption id="6E0168F248AEA0F4E2313493C6789D2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C26C7BA64C6F1240E135679D3C882BB2" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
Figure 1. Photograph of prothorax and base of metathorax of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="434FA917DF8E703963D57B3628E15A1A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species; right lateral view, showing the stridulation ridge (arrow); Scale bar: 0,5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<caption id="90E86CD1F80E4402135F411C07595982" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F7142E6BCD6C437994C21F1557D33A1A" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
Figure 2. Photograph of right leg, posterior view, of base of trochanter, femur, and base of tibia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71A55DA88AF2FF5AA43542F7439305DB" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species, showing stridulation ridge on inner side of profemur (arrow); Scale bar: 0,5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B0B111A58D4BB1C6BB6428448046320D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
This organ is not unique within the Tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" rank="tribe" tribe="Clivinini">Clivinini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01C918226042EA10C6FFFC5B45BFC4A3" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" rank="tribe" tribe="Clivinini">Clivinini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: exactly the same structures (the stridulation ridge on proepisterna and the ridge on the distal part of the inner edge of the profemur) together with other features separates the ardistomine genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ardistomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ardistomis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ardistomis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="432DA1D9F1B912E6B0CBAE3B6B66CA72" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ardistomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ardistomis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ardistomis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Putzeys, 1846 from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiardistomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiardistomis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiardistomis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45F2F8EDAED30FCEC31FB6D8025CFB2F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiardistomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiardistomis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiardistomis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kult, 1950, but it is unique within
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4418EE6D80536EEF2AD6E70B0158A84A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Clivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(sensu lato), forming a very isolated, distinct group, restricted to the western hemisphere and to a single species from Australia (New South Wales) described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 220" title="The Australian Clivinini 1. The genera Ancus Putzeys, Aspidoglossa Putzeys, Clivinarchus Sloane, Platysphyrus Sloane, Pseudoclivina Kult, Rhysocara Sloane, Syleter Andrewes, the subgenera Paraclivina Kult, Semiclivina Kult, and the atrata-, biplagiata-, brevicornis-, coronata-, coryzoides-, cribrosa-, debilis-, denticollis-, grandiceps-, incerta-, lobata-, obliquata-, obsoleta-, orbitalis-, planiceps-, sulcaticeps-, tranquebarica-, and wurargae-groups of the genus Clivina Latreille. With a note on a record of the genus Parathlibops Basilewsky (Scapterini) (Carabidae, Scaritinae)." volume="12" year="2008">Baehr 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4F9EEBE9DB30EC3A1CBAC811D72C539C" author="Baehr, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 220" title="The Australian Clivinini 1. The genera Ancus Putzeys, Aspidoglossa Putzeys, Clivinarchus Sloane, Platysphyrus Sloane, Pseudoclivina Kult, Rhysocara Sloane, Syleter Andrewes, the subgenera Paraclivina Kult, Semiclivina Kult, and the atrata-, biplagiata-, brevicornis-, coronata-, coryzoides-, cribrosa-, debilis-, denticollis-, grandiceps-, incerta-, lobata-, obliquata-, obsoleta-, orbitalis-, planiceps-, sulcaticeps-, tranquebarica-, and wurargae-groups of the genus Clivina Latreille. With a note on a record of the genus Parathlibops Basilewsky (Scapterini) (Carabidae, Scaritinae)." volume="12" year="2008">Baehr 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 23-25. Within the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" rank="tribe" tribe="Clivinini">Clivinini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF7AD6195A5842DD635B5B9CF90C8AE7" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" rank="tribe" tribe="Clivinini">Clivinini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
no other genera than
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ardistomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ardistomis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ardistomis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF962DA196AA8A0F5A63487EC17EE52C" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ardistomis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ardistomis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ardistomis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Putzeys, 1846 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E8B71ADC32299A2F9C53C0E435043ED0" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Kult, 1947) carry a stridulation organ on the proepisternum. Beside this,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="855851C74B5A3736E7C2AF248178919F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterized by a distal spine-like projection at the outer end of the mesotibia, which is small in some taxa, but clearly identifiable by the apical seta
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="36" start="start">excentrically</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="A880FAF8CDDCFD7F0103F6234D1B0595" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" start="start">excentrically</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
inserted, in contradiction to a tubercle, which carries the seta at the top of the tubercle (see also
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="Osaka" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="129 - 156" title="The subgenera of Clivina Latreille in the Western Hemisphere, and a Revision of Subgenus Antroforceps Barr (new status), with Notes about Evolutionary Aspects (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Spec. Publ. Japan Coleopt. Soc." volume="1" year="2001">Ball 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BB810EAD55324DE19544D24C2A5E178C" author="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="Osaka" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="129 - 156" title="The subgenera of Clivina Latreille in the Western Hemisphere, and a Revision of Subgenus Antroforceps Barr (new status), with Notes about Evolutionary Aspects (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Clivinini). Spec. Publ. Japan Coleopt. Soc." volume="1" year="2001">Ball 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 136, 140;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E7B8CEEC96C0B61F6425A81DC553F2AB" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 48" title="Rediscovery of Clivina morio Dejaen with the description of Leucocara, a subgen. n. of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini)." url="10.3897/zookeys.25.276" volume="25" year="2009">Bousquet 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 41, 43); usually five setae in elytral interval 3 (including preapical puncture); elytral striae 1 to 5 free at base (between humeral channel and suture, the basal keel of some species and the flat tubercles at the end of intervals 2 to 5 do not limit this definition); profemur with a sometimes small dentiform projection at the outer edge toward apex; anal ventrite (abdominal sternum VII) with two marginal punctures at each side relatively close together. The species included in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81364DBD880192A834BDCD439FE159BB" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are listed in Bousquet (2009: 39-41), where the assignment of some species remains uncertain. It is most likely, that species not included in the subgen. n.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Uroclivina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uroclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Uroclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7622C6EB5E9E6B05B161952719DBD43" genus="Uroclivina" lsidName="Uroclivina" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">Uroclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comprise a more or less heterogeneous group which form a probably paraphyletic group, defined as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F08E00F68282A79BD31A4B0B80655B80" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Semiclivina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semiclivina" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Semiclivina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(s. str.). This subgenus will be the objective of further investigations in the future.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,85 +1,85 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037575" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBD6DB62AF309CCD32E1DFC37A1ACF80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBD6DB62AF309CCD32E1DFC37A1ACF80" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Lispe_nuba" authority="Wiedemann, 1830" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Lispe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lispe nuba" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuba">Lispe nuba Wiedemann, 1830</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="DBD6DB62AF309CCD32E1DFC37A1ACF80" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037575" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBD6DB62AF309CCD32E1DFC37A1ACF80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBD6DB62AF309CCD32E1DFC37A1ACF80" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" scope_family="Muscidae" scope_order="Diptera">
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9406C1A080667477D67CDBC2AD3BC2B" ID-CoL="92T28" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Lispe_nuba" authority="Wiedemann, 1830" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Lispe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lispe nuba" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuba">Lispe nuba Wiedemann, 1830</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Material examined:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="78CACF1DC3BB36ECA2307BBDE6BCAD75" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AC56E7442D1A8E512543F0928980A425" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Material examined:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4F64ACB52B2A09F9D2A3D50E5947FBBF" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
Ethiopia: Amhara: Tana Lake env., 1800m asl,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="11.54">11.54°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3B5570C81F5A1BB8D59C368F6C707BE2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="11.54">11.54°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="37.39">37.39°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8B77418386319C0BF052408A397A5E36" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="37.39">37.39°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2-4.VIII.2012, NV, 6♂♂, 7♀♀; Hayk L., 1920m asl,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="11.325">11.325°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9C23A86DF78940C8E98E1EDC0B58889A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="11.325">11.325°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="39.688">39.688°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A4BE907286F0D6B8415AC74D3BC29CDB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="39.688">39.688°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 06.VIII.2012, NV, 3♂♂, 2♀♀; Karakore env., 1500m asl,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="10.375">10.375°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D13BCCE3A85C6CFCC0D83F1704F79191" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="10.375">10.375°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="39.933">39.933°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="518805BB7FA5B55FE50C8312483CA2EC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="39.933">39.933°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 08.VIII.2012, NV, 4♂♂, 1♀; Oromia: Dedre Zeit, Hora L., 1900m asl,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="8.757">8.757°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="70FF6EEB43304CF0DC26096E19FD6263" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="8.757">8.757°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="38.993">38.993°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9ABE37C2E6D4A9F89A346A06E8AD422D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="38.993">38.993°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 10.VII.2012, NV, 3♂♂, 3♀♀.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Egypt: Cairo, 5♂♂, 1♀, with Becker, Kowarz and Hennig determination labels (ZIN).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1AE8564F20F560C84BC2650AB985143D" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Egypt: Cairo, 5♂♂, 1♀, with Becker, Kowarz and Hennig determination labels (ZIN).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2C04593BE0BDFD50D144727B08B9B13D" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
Israel: Yeruham (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.99">30.99°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6FFADF6783F0AC3DCA51FA3D53563995" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.99">30.99°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="34.9">34.90°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5547DB6933B50CA3A142697D04DB5F1C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="34.9">34.90°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), 22.VII.1962, J.Kugler, 1♂, 1♀ (TAUI).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Africa and Near East.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="38571B451DD1BF4AA27506D9BD2E4F2F" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D6F03186AEAB645B60525114C030A67F" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A049D82CD9301C398D8621D2068A0C61" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Africa and Near East.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Emden, FI van" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" pagination="251 - 275" title="Keys to the Muscidae of the Ethiopian region: Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae, Fanniinae." url="10.1017/S0007485300017193" volume="32" year="1941">Emden (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5C20AE6E729515B17F85146C7CD8047D" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A80DCB954C3A873AB9A7E7B105AF6401" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C3D2C2148B13A6171C39F6BB2142E16" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="111DEAFBECEC108CA033608348AAC033" author="Emden, FI van" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" pagination="251 - 275" title="Keys to the Muscidae of the Ethiopian region: Scatophaginae, Anthomyiinae, Lispinae, Fanniinae." url="10.1017/S0007485300017193" volume="32" year="1941">Emden (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in the key to African
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Lispe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lispe" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lispe</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8AFD73C5E2A27E14604ED4B33092EB37" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Lispe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lispe" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lispe</taxonomicName>
|
||||
wrote that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Lispe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lispe nuba" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuba">Lispe nuba</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="10A61B2F20ED38ACA65B22CF14FED663" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Lispe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lispe nuba" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuba">Lispe nuba</taxonomicName>
|
||||
"front tibiae without a pv". It is not correct, all examined specimens have t1 with pv seta in both sexes, though short in males.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,232 +1,232 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162467311" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0F6777D-AE12-44D8-8F38-7DFCF922F2AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBDECD66847857E294DF235466E4FFCE" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName LSID="DBDECD66-8478-57E2-94DF-235466E4FFCE" authority="Chang & Chen" authorityName="Chang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Issidae" genus="Sivaloka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sivaloka arcuata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata" status="sp. nov.">Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="85">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figs 29-35</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">, 36-43</figureCitation>
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<treatment id="DBDECD66847857E294DF235466E4FFCE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162467311" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0F6777D-AE12-44D8-8F38-7DFCF922F2AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBDECD66847857E294DF235466E4FFCE" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" scope_family="Issidae" scope_order="Hemiptera" scope_subFamily="Hemisphaeriinae">
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<subSubSection id="CB4F78EBB5B9F98E191E8CFDE61950B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6C7321CD66132EB6CE913C378C25A0AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="20B3FA883F46CFCDDA46BDFA3EC21983" ID-CoL="4XTZL" LSID="DBDECD66-8478-57E2-94DF-235466E4FFCE" authority="Chang & Chen" authorityName="Chang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Issidae" genus="Sivaloka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sivaloka arcuata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata" status="sp. nov.">Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9DE2BF997D54F3ED49FD78E11B162993" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||||
<figureCitation id="004805CD75306A85D13EC84FE2A58B3C" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figs 29-35</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="299316516D3A8F5095C7654FD4FBE88D" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">, 36-43</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="55ED755107E5C2D1C09595C39CA2FD6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D67F31299369058A9F6288997E836D4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DBD9BD34674EC1B58686890FECAB1695" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
Holotype: ♂, China: Guizhou, Anlong County, Xianheping Provincial Nature Reserve (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.983334">22°59'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="744498510804BC34306A04FF27741065" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.983334">22°59'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="105.71667">105°43'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C392FA4921B3981364768CFA15488878" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="105.71667">105°43'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), 28 Aug. 2012, W-B Zheng leg.; paratypes: ♂, same data as holotype (IEGU); ♂, Guizhou, Congjiang County, Moon Hill (Height 1159 m) (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.633333">25°38'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3E7953A0EB077BEC12ADDEBE23C828C9" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.633333">25°38'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="108.21667">108°13'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="14F58FBE56B68452F3A3558BC796FB00" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="108.21667">108°13'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), 19 July 2006, Q-Z Song leg.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3B2820F272D743CDEFA21B96C023F90F" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EE34725B6C7526FCC24CB3B1D2779BE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1B8F82421C96C853A0C58B29CBFB1714" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
This species is identified by the dark-brown or yellow-brown frons, without any bands (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B584E592A8C3903015DB738CE5E1BD80" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
); the clypeus without median carina, with its basal part swollen and its apical part sunken (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E176E0C49C9E36D12D686DDE5B3F4387" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
); the forewings longer 2.0 times than their width (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">30</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A2E7E6E7C318CAED8E7DC496FB61E915" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">30</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">35</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2025639EA33B1E4B5E6C8EEE74FA4967" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">35</figureCitation>
|
||||
); the dorsal margin of the genital styles bearing one arched prominence near the middle (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">40</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6E83F1E5B2EAAB6F9E4BCA86E947B3D5" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">40</figureCitation>
|
||||
); the phallobase with the dorsal lobe bearing a relatively long, hooked process near its apical part (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42a</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F521C9B0754A89BDA98B24786D57571C" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42a</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and with a triangular process on the ventral margin (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42b</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7EBF9EBF05BA8FBAD9B4BF64DF1E76EE" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42b</figureCitation>
|
||||
); and the aedeagus near its middle in lateral view with one hooked process, which is directed to caudad (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42e</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="040D63270388554E1875C012DB0059C9" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42e</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 5.40-5.50 mm; forewings: male 4.40-4.50 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="117460726DC2621C56822EB4ADFC9B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6C60E25FC1E076697300C6DDD7A715C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="45663E9C9B1987171C76A4B70E8FA318" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 5.40-5.50 mm; forewings: male 4.40-4.50 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="coloration">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Coloration.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D5EB5D0023A6B7B699735A21C0CD8D26" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="coloration">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C1180423E44757AF347ADAA1B9D3A19A" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Coloration.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F13B1662E1C7A9FD3BD8D969EDB585AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
General color yellow-brown or pale yellow (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">29</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F3F69B9A835609192365A8D769881318" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">29</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">30</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="08C6EC3A6FF4CAE45B7167250F903E74" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">30</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">34</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2ECD926D6C4C22D2DD4F483915544517" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">34</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">35</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7FEE7E8245B22298433718CF30DBA720" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">35</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="109AFBCE0221E4177E81AB63019BC058" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
) dark-brown, suffused with rusty brown. Gena (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">32</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5CE16BADE071D959E46DBB9788EFA8F4" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">32</figureCitation>
|
||||
) dark brown, with two inconspicuous yellow bands. Compound eyes brown to black, ocelli yellow (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">32</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="04AE2C672F2739C456F3F8FE750C6574" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">32</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Frons (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3A3D3A17A38885EAC451568C98CD532C" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
) dark brown or yellow-brown, with yellow verrucae near lateral margin. Clypeus (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CF2407D3A5E22592155F700A29E02D25" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with basal part black, apical part yellow to yellow-brown. Forewings (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">29</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3D97C7C3FB2A35E1E7D1D3514612FB71" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">29</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">34</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="64ACD8D84F5CB7BE1EEB3F35CFD1BD22" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">34</figureCitation>
|
||||
) dark brown or pale yellow, with diffuse rusty brown. Hindwings brown. Legs yellow-brown, tip of spineson hind tibiae and tarsi black.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="head and thorax">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Head and thorax.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EFCE5954675170DF6A647653E929A36C" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="head and thorax">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8AA9ED612BE4FC116063183533C142B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Head and thorax.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1433A14F539CB7ADACEB0F8183AD3488" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
Head (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FCA66F4A2B477B4F260A881EE21443D8" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
) including eyes, slightly narrower than pronotum (0.93: 1.00). Vertex (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DB87589EE11F403A49AE0C8993FD62CC" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
) shorter in middle than width at base (0.50: 1.00). Frons (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="141932DBC17C3205C6FB5DC458C4581E" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
) shorter in middle than maximum breadth (0.65: 1.00); with median carina distinct, reaching to the level of middle of frons. Clypeus (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0FCA415C0727EF7C3A6AD59A3B0A47E5" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
) triangular, without median carina; basal part swollen, apical part slightly sunken (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2F83741D3CC31DC23127A7201E23FA17" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pronotum (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="15E4ACDCAFF6D23ADD6E1DACA951074A" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with median carina feeble. Mesonotum (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="55DABBE22237C1ACA2D80EB55154E26E" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">31</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with median carina raised, fused in anterior margin. Forewings (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">36</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E217DE00B66F95B6C6D60F4608120C89" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">36</figureCitation>
|
||||
) longer than wide (2.00: 1.00); with broad "hypocostal plate", ScP and RP convergent near base, short common stem, ScP and RP veins long, parallel with anterior margin of forewing, reaching to apical margin; MP two branched in basal 1/3, MP1 dividing two branches in distal 1/3, MP2 not forked in distal part; CuA forked into two branches in distal 1/3, CuP present; Pcu and A1 united in middle of clavus, clavus almost reaching to 2/3 of forewing. Hindwings (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">37</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D34F659A15D843801ED9A1FF89779DAC" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">37</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with ScP+R and CuA forked near apical part, MP simple, not forked, CuA2 and CuP fused near apical part, with one vein between R and M, M and CuA1; Pcu and A11 unbranched, with one transverse vein between Pcu+A11 and A12; A2 reaching to apical 1/3 of A2 lobe. Spinal formula of hind leg (2)8-10/8-10/2.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="male genitalia">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3C53E0C8E9B9C13C8AD57ECE53B4B4B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="male genitalia">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CC637EE9130201F2682749DD188B4D96" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F152B02F7BD0B195EE0E8B58DC5B7407" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
Anal tube in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">39</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0453FA02FA62C57192357E0B06FFC732" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">39</figureCitation>
|
||||
) longer in middle than the widest breadth (2.50: 1.00), the maximum width in middle of anal tube; apical margin distinctly, angularly concave; lateral margins almost parallel, slightly concave near apical 2/3 of anal tube. Anal style (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">39</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CD8EC3438014975D2909570061C1C87C" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">39</figureCitation>
|
||||
) relatively long and stout, located in basal 2/5 of anal tube, not surpassing the opening of anal pore. Pygofer (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">38</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="53D46BC5BA54EC5272CEFC975CFD7E76" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">38</figureCitation>
|
||||
) irregularly rectangular; anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel in lateral view; dorsal and ventral margins parallel. Genital styles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">40</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7F0B5A8A5EC0F9412BB9BFC0FF2C8ACB" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">40</figureCitation>
|
||||
) irregularly triangular in lateral view; dorsal and ventral margins not parallel; dorsal margin with one arched prominence near middle at base of capitulum; ventral margin slightly arched. Capitulum of genital styles irregularly triangular, with small lobe; with stout and not obvious neck (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">41</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8D2DCEA196BE335C82808E588E67F091" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">41</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Phallobase (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BAF426A562617B1B0E1741CB5CAF6E58" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CA93033E5559FBBAF8A321761E837DE1" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with dorsal lobe slightly expanded into membranous, cystiform process; and dorso-lateral lobe splitting into relatively long, hooked process near apical part (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42a</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="44082136C43AEAF71ACC6C78DA8BC15A" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42a</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43a</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="63EE07E353712F4E2FF0C2E7D064E485" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43a</figureCitation>
|
||||
), ventral margin of dorso-lateral lobe with angular process in basal 1/3 in lateral view (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42b</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AEE4B110DC9AD4F920F5929CABD6BE25" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42b</figureCitation>
|
||||
); lateral lobe distinctly shorter than dorsal lobe in lateral view (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42c</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="08E11FA5CA19246CA0AA3FFAF900CC9B" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42c</figureCitation>
|
||||
), splitting into two stout branches (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43c</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="011872A75C2C1F27F9F99F7C1546FE93" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43c</figureCitation>
|
||||
); ventral lobe relatively longer than lateral lobe in lateral view (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42d</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BC326260C5D221F8FD6278E0C7FE171B" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42d</figureCitation>
|
||||
) in lateral view; in ventral view, apical part obviously archedly convex (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43d</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="88163DC3B33B6E1D70743937453CE297" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43d</figureCitation>
|
||||
); lateral margins parallel in ventral view. Aedeagus (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AD7B6E6396A664E23F49AD3E9C32E05C" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="84F2417A0BE05399F53199B879FCFAF1" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">43</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with one long, hooked process near middle (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42e</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2E3934F4BDB8C811AF164BBFB8D86738" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">42e</figureCitation>
|
||||
) in lateral view, directed to caudad.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="89F64F6C7C3287F7CF40C72D6B1DC903" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F2C1A899D456FAA37860DACF07549D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A70DAF425561AF8BB41A14FD2B2964D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
The specific name is derived from the Latin words "
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Issidae" genus="Sivaloka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="arcuata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">arcuata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7304E3CE701F18BC8E6967881A7CC916" authorityName="Chang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Issidae" genus="Sivaloka" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="arcuata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">arcuata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" in reference to the genital styles which bear an arched prominence on the base before the capitulum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="host">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="236D28684D95EE51014397AF689403AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="host">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B77D8858BBEBC0D8AD886AF0A42F4DAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="356A44833ED404E4F28CDBFAF0A559CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">China (Guizhou).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="220F765F1482F9BBA3861009AE913BB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E9FF021EAABCDD3C54739765008D6A83" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E3C610B4A553B218BFFB1CFB075F6063" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">China (Guizhou).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7838731E9D228FA4AE4370BE10895BC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CFCCC90B9D1FA09C535D16032D8A1B89" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D7FB528AE9080907956B350695D5DF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||||
The new species is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="114698369175BFA2E29B7A9CD3219C51" lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="10C0A1B9387039C08F163D4639066079" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Distant, 1906, but it differs from it by: 1) frons dark brown or yellow-brown, without any band (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A9679909B885C247261B38A047727258" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (frons with pale and transverse line near middle in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FCB64E152D3A4D66C88BFF633CF133C4" lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9961FF9540CE97BB6A531ACB475C21C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 2) clypeus without median carina, basal part swollen, apical part sunken (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3267E2488A9ED319743108865FE604B6" captionStart="Figures 29–35" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 29 - 35. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 29 - 33 holotype 34 - 35 paratype 29, 34 habitus, dorsal view 30, 35 habitus, lateral view 31 head and thorax, dorsal view 32 head and thorax, lateral view 33 head and thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ks = Pcu and A 1 keel-shaped; pl = hypocostal plate." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures29-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387725" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">33</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (clypeus with stout median carina, relatively flat in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B9468D527465523BA033BED91571E32" lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A1BD60E9049D70A53B278A2DE9D0DE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 3) forewings 2.00 times longer than their maximum breadth (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">36</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="534F3AA51E2AD66C649561B20DB67E2E" captionStart="Figures 36–43" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 36 - 43. Sivaloka arcuata Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 36 forewing 37 hindwing 38 male genitalia, lateral view 39 male anal segment, dorsal view 40 genital styles, lateral view 41 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 42 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 43 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: ap = arched prominence; a = long hooked process; b = angular process; c = lateral lobe, d = ventral lobe; e = hooked process." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.917.47326.figures36-43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/387726" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">36</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (forewings 1.40 times longer than their maximum breadth in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C79940013D4E9C83FD6B0A18998015CB" lsidName="S. limacodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="limacodes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3397EEA3B4B5014D4E33F5FC2008B74E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. limacodes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,191 +1,191 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="135562785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBE59ED90A550D90F81DD17A0F1BDF45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBE59ED90A550D90F81DD17A0F1BDF45" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
|
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|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="49" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
|
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<treatment id="DBE59ED90A550D90F81DD17A0F1BDF45" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135562785" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBE59ED90A550D90F81DD17A0F1BDF45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBE59ED90A550D90F81DD17A0F1BDF45" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" scope_order="Polyporales" scope_phylum="Basidiomycota">
|
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|
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|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="A0EA78DB8CC7EFAC2091ECDA6C017F6B" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Torr.) Parmasto, Izv. Akad. Nauk Estonsk. SSR, Ser. Biol. 16: 384. 1967" authorityYear="1967" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae " genus="Hydnophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon (Torr.) Parmasto, Izv. Akad. Nauk Estonsk. SSR, Ser. Biol. 16: 384. 1967</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7249BA592FA92917076D9D33277AE689" ID-CoL="6L49P" authority="(Torr.) Parmasto, Izv. Akad. Nauk Estonsk. SSR, Ser. Biol. 16: 384. 1967" authorityYear="1967" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Hydnophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon (Torr.) Parmasto, Izv. Akad. Nauk Estonsk. SSR, Ser. Biol. 16: 384. 1967</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 3, 5
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="basionym">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="50" start="start">Basionym</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B0F879DC8287EBB6718637E5A1AA3766" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="basionym">
|
||||
<paragraph id="944DCC52493E915B1D3B510170D78B91" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="0F4A7B99CC52337B26F1B1B123624D5E" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" start="start">Basionym</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysorhizon" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnum chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6C4A1EEF016D1AA2DBFD5955858880DA" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6172AD3589A088B27FE01F886F12350D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysorhizon" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnum chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Torr. in Eaton, Manual Bot.: 309. 1822
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CF89BDF7FAB7966E0CF98D77256D68D2" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B0D1878DA4F6C3AD8F7D54902FC420F" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2D17A3D959890CA2C58F54DDB07AB6CB" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
USA,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysorhizon" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnum chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A48AF3D7EBDB2A223CDD11AF40CE9322" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysorhizon" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnum chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Torr. in Eaton Man. 3ed. p. 309. 237, C. C., Steward. In herbarium NY! (lectotype, designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DED1F9AB9DC3C1B2668470812AEF011B" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D6EF276DB6062092AC86110E6D2CA92F" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="58FE57C5518ECF16C721AC4FFCFC684D" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="58D4667A869C9CD8EAE864ABE2FB0E88" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Basidiome resupinate, effuse, membraneous, easily separable, orange-brown in dry specimens, reddish orange to deep orange in fresh material (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="10 - 22" title="Taxonomy of Phanerochaetechrysorhizon and Hydnumomnivorum." volume="7" year="1978">Burdsall and Nakasone 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="75B1B4329B12E804148791A2DCFEDBEF" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="10 - 22" title="Taxonomy of Phanerochaetechrysorhizon and Hydnumomnivorum." volume="7" year="1978">Burdsall and Nakasone 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lindsey, JP" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="83 - 103" title="Wood-inhabiting Homobasidiomycetes on Saguaro in Arizona." volume="2" year="1975">Lindsey and Gilbertson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="99983DABB8789E4356BB782DD058CB3C" author="Lindsey, JP" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="83 - 103" title="Wood-inhabiting Homobasidiomycetes on Saguaro in Arizona." volume="2" year="1975">Lindsey and Gilbertson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6F273084E9B3806ED93F1F37884A25DA" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Maekawa, N" journalOrPublisher="Report Tottori Mycological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomic study of Japanese Corticiaceae (Aphyllophorales). I." volume="31" year="1993">Maekawa 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="32DA8AA037730622ADAD6D2435A75E37" author="Maekawa, N" journalOrPublisher="Report Tottori Mycological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomic study of Japanese Corticiaceae (Aphyllophorales). I." volume="31" year="1993">Maekawa 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Hymenophore hydnoid, aculei dense, conical to subcylindrical, 1−1.6 mm long. Margin with strands very long and well developed, yellowish to cream in dry specimens, reddish orange in fresh specimens (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A4CB9117F8537E18DF55FB6F64B16D74" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), up to 1 mm diam.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1FDD2BC2A9AD486163044D5E5E273160" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Hyphal system monomitic; subicular hyphae 7−10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="ED0A138E6C5EF89E5DC75CE474479ED7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, with clamps, thick-walled, colorless to pale yellow, densely encrusted with colorless crystals and loosely interwoven; strand hyphae 10−17
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="70FEB2F8CCA3A39E75797B608CCE380A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, without clamps, thick-walled, colorless, also encrusted; aculei hyphae 4−6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="59CBB4B4296110FC10144E71F10E1586" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, with scattered clamps, thin-walled, colorless, and oriented perpendicular to the substrate; subhymenial hyphae 5−7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="79F58DE90B5E44489DEA5E68632017A3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
wide, without clamps, thin-walled, colorless, densely interwoven, short-celled. Cystidia not seen, but according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1B627252E620476BCBC256C6288887CB" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
few, cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline, short, 18−40
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="22713815958F11D76EA47E4A567D636D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4.5−6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5B33D34FB909CF7911EAE4C273AC0AA1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Basidia clavate, 15−21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9529A11E85A6D2F66BFB9C1C9B1BE7FA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
4−6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1AB3A4E82C5CDB70633B36629C366CD4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, with 4 sterigmata, basal clamp absent. Spores narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical, 4−6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C38476F08849C2894BB3F28215AB5D23" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2−3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B10516E9437512657589BF8C33E5B6BF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(L/W = 1.9), thin-walled, colorless, smooth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<caption id="9C32F8014ED2E4E0E9867FE69E842430" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5A37A2DA7C594755B6D593534FB05CAC" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Figure 5.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Hydnophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F671B8A4C6795D03A6542FC205B6B4F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Hydnophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Collection NY, lectotype a Hymenophore b Vertical section through an aculei c Subicular hyphae d Strand hyphae e Aculei hyphae f Subhymenial hyphae and basidia g Spores. Scale bars: a = 1mm; b = 25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="181FCB20EC445D818365CB0242B94100" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="c–g">c-g</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5D7E593690A3755C6DD58744474A81B5" originalValue="c–g">c-g</normalizedToken>
|
||||
= 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="094E2570B3DDDCF158955702171F1466" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Drawing by M.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dueñas">Duenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="575F059CB43314089EDE4AD1A16DA0F2" originalValue="Dueñas">Duenas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9450480EF72FF74DA85A803AEC8424A6" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F576B2BD28F24A6F949DA6B5D7E503A3" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="07388758AAC69C6D51D696008913F90B" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
On decayed wood. Described from New York (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Eaton 1822</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D240F18374C76D3644AF87A7676CEA77" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Eaton 1822</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), this species has been reported from: Africa: Cameroon, (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, P" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="803 - 842" title="Corticioid fungi from Korup National Park, Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4113628" volume="55" year="2000">Roberts 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="76F6629E6B559CFC5BE009CA5BD2A7C6" author="Roberts, P" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="803 - 842" title="Corticioid fungi from Korup National Park, Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4113628" volume="55" year="2000">Roberts 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and Seychelles (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hjortstam, K" journalOrPublisher="Synopsis Fungorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="10 - 23" title="A preliminary checklist of Aphyllophorales from the Seychelles." volume="26" year="2009">Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C1C9A3D865F3254C56690BEDE276312" author="Hjortstam, K" journalOrPublisher="Synopsis Fungorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="10 - 23" title="A preliminary checklist of Aphyllophorales from the Seychelles." volume="26" year="2009">Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); North America: USA, Arizona, Florida, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennesse, Wisconsin (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lindsey, JP" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="83 - 103" title="Wood-inhabiting Homobasidiomycetes on Saguaro in Arizona." volume="2" year="1975">Lindsey and Gilbertson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A3E0FC3492533339A4B1F4CA9EFF41F0" author="Lindsey, JP" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="83 - 103" title="Wood-inhabiting Homobasidiomycetes on Saguaro in Arizona." volume="2" year="1975">Lindsey and Gilbertson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="10 - 22" title="Taxonomy of Phanerochaetechrysorhizon and Hydnumomnivorum." volume="7" year="1978">Burdsall and Nakasone 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7C69C1365FD0EDCDEEC608E742870508" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="10 - 22" title="Taxonomy of Phanerochaetechrysorhizon and Hydnumomnivorum." volume="7" year="1978">Burdsall and Nakasone 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A0CBCF0977064E03D152B7A6E1A102FF" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nakasone, KK" journalOrPublisher="Czech Mycology" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="23 - 42" title="Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei - Part II." volume="64" year="2012">Nakasone 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7F7C4551A3C51D1049B8531F462FF3B8" author="Nakasone, KK" journalOrPublisher="Czech Mycology" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="23 - 42" title="Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei - Part II." volume="64" year="2012">Nakasone 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); South America: Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hjortstam, K" journalOrPublisher="Synopsis Fungorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="27 - 146" title="Checklist of corticioid fungi (Basidiomycotina) from the tropics, subtropics and the southern hemisphere." volume="22" year="2007">Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3B360BE6EF4E47B3D10904F5179648E2" author="Hjortstam, K" journalOrPublisher="Synopsis Fungorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="27 - 146" title="Checklist of corticioid fungi (Basidiomycotina) from the tropics, subtropics and the southern hemisphere." volume="22" year="2007">Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Meso America: Puerto Rico (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hjortstam, K" journalOrPublisher="Synopsis Fungorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="10 - 23" title="A preliminary checklist of Aphyllophorales from the Seychelles." volume="26" year="2009">Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BB4AEFC9DCC7885441F98B716C7710E4" author="Hjortstam, K" journalOrPublisher="Synopsis Fungorum" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="10 - 23" title="A preliminary checklist of Aphyllophorales from the Seychelles." volume="26" year="2009">Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), as well as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nakasone, KK" journalOrPublisher="Czech Mycology" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="23 - 42" title="Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei - Part II." volume="64" year="2012">Nakasone 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C0731BA3FD7011F25DC2B0B27697A116" author="Nakasone, KK" journalOrPublisher="Czech Mycology" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="23 - 42" title="Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei - Part II." volume="64" year="2012">Nakasone 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Asia: Japan (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Maekawa, N" journalOrPublisher="Report Tottori Mycological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomic study of Japanese Corticiaceae (Aphyllophorales). I." volume="31" year="1993">Maekawa 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0310F8E4318618EC950128EA3DFE844E" author="Maekawa, N" journalOrPublisher="Report Tottori Mycological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 149" title="Taxonomic study of Japanese Corticiaceae (Aphyllophorales). I." volume="31" year="1993">Maekawa 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9FD6C6652ADC5697F97DC4BBA0476AC6" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="57FE71B20626E4A97DEF2498092B1850" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="69D87FD60FFB0D7EE8B15A4A99398DE1" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
USA. Ohio, Hamilton Co. Sharon Woods County Park, on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="06E212C60A87EE2B1E6F257FAFC1EB73" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sticks, 13 October 1973, W.B. & V.G. Cooke 48958. New York, New Dorp, Staten Island, 17 October 1896, col. L.M. Underwood.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">This species has very long and well-developed strands and, microscopically, it is the only species in the genus with spores narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical (L/W = 1.9) and scattered clamps in the aculei hyphae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E2D1EFEE35911A44A4AA31990161F710" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B6513601786EDC7694A378B5F2A0987" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1CD190EE2D79DA49AE2963CB2318EAE3" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">This species has very long and well-developed strands and, microscopically, it is the only species in the genus with spores narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical (L/W = 1.9) and scattered clamps in the aculei hyphae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F827E271F1B237AEF3BE69C6096573B4" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Based on morphological analyses,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3883EF3C9D110B7567C726E183E7DDAB" author="Burdsall, HH" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia Memoir" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 165" title="A contribution to Taxonomy of the Genus Phanerochaete." volume="10" year="1985">Burdsall (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
considered
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum fragilissimum" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fragilissimum">Hydnum fragilissimum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E34945953DA79397A3A1088FC66D5BC2" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum fragilissimum" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fragilissimum">Hydnum fragilissimum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Berk. & M.A. Curtis,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum ischnodes" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ischnodes">Hydnum ischnodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="47883763205800A755BE9F49C6D814A8" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum ischnodes" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ischnodes">Hydnum ischnodes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Berk., and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysocomum" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysocomum">Hydnum chrysocomum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E09F0B72F459E88ABE302777E31D43F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysocomum" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysocomum">Hydnum chrysocomum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Underw. as synonyms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. chrysorhizon" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">H. chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C79ECB14CFA6C95069A407C4867B7794" lsidName="H. chrysorhizon" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="chrysorhizon">H. chrysorhizon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; and according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Nakasone, KK" journalOrPublisher="Czech Mycology" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="23 - 42" title="Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei - Part II." volume="64" year="2012">Nakasone (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum schweinitzii" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="schweinitzii">Hydnum schweinitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2985D77EF461012EDE05D639F81DECE2" author="Nakasone, KK" journalOrPublisher="Czech Mycology" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" pagination="23 - 42" title="Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei - Part II." volume="64" year="2012">Nakasone (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4F3C699EC7639FCC77A66FA64B8D9F4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum schweinitzii" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="schweinitzii">Hydnum schweinitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Berk. & M.A. Curtis,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysodon" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysodon">Hydnum chrysodon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B9C0311A6C3F7E88A5400CA13FDDFBC" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cantharellaceae" genus="Hydnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hydnum chrysodon" order="Cantharellales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="chrysodon">Hydnum chrysodon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Berk. & M.A. Curtis, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Merulius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Merulius elliottii" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elliottii">Merulius elliottii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F3618BA6DCED912CF384500CD6EABD37" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meruliaceae" genus="Merulius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Merulius elliottii" order="Polyporales" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="elliottii">Merulius elliottii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Massee are other synonyms.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,110 +1,109 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart>Rider 3, Jr. David A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149667330" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE334038-04E5-4140-8863-D1E18BE26578" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBEA4DCE83F7B749CB4E68A987B10FE3" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="387" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CE334038-04E5-4140-8863-D1E18BE26578" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta wheeleri" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rhyncholepta wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="38" pageNumber="385">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="DBEA4DCE83F7B749CB4E68A987B10FE3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="149667330" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE334038-04E5-4140-8863-D1E18BE26578" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBEA4DCE83F7B749CB4E68A987B10FE3" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="387" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" scope_family="Pentatomidae" scope_order="Hemiptera">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="04DB66189C5FB37060B02D8EAC10038F" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3CFCD0D7BAEE8C498C769A6F5AB3D065" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="428F39E0DA1BBFE7EBE02EF533D8038B" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CE334038-04E5-4140-8863-D1E18BE26578" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta wheeleri" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" rank="species" species="wheeleri">Rhyncholepta wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FC564AA19AE60A411C07C8A6567B7426" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 8, 25, 40-41, 52-53, 64-65, 71, 77
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="57D8BD87B417EB9993129D64B030B543" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5AA8DDF76D6B6D721144F669D2396362" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4EE2A2D53DBE85BC2588A7226A98D63C" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
Guyana, sources of Oronoque and New River (ca.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.7666667">1°46'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-57.933334">57°56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D07AC6BF983343F366ACB45FC2923732" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.7666667">1°46'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E68A0160D62071CF2613BEBC23D7443E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-57.933334">57°56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Holotype: ♂ (Figs 8, 25, 40-41, 52-53, 64-65, 71, 77), "BRITISH GUIANA: / Oronoque & New / River Heads. 1938. / H. Beddington. / B.M. 1938-346 [printed, white label] // ♂ [printed, white label] // HOLOTYPUS / RHYNCHOLEPTA / WHEELERI / sp. nov. / det. Kment, Eger, Rider 2017 [printed, red label]" (BMNH). The holotype is pinned through scutellum, antennomeres IIb to IV of both antennae, both middle legs and left hind leg missing; detached dissected abdomen + basi- (IIa) and distipedicellite (IIb) of one antenna, and genital capsule + abdominal segment VIII are glued on two separate pieces of card attached to the same pin.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E57FCB6B45D1D00DFB92E6C79F6D28F3" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="33BE46D25806E519EEDD19325CFEEF5C" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC1452A4AB6D4CE347FFD24FFC663B7C" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Holotype: ♂ (Figs 8, 25, 40-41, 52-53, 64-65, 71, 77), "BRITISH GUIANA: / Oronoque & New / River Heads. 1938. / H. Beddington. / B.M. 1938-346 [printed, white label] // ♂ [printed, white label] // HOLOTYPUS / RHYNCHOLEPTA / WHEELERI / sp. nov. / det. Kment, Eger, Rider 2017 [printed, red label]" (BMNH). The holotype is pinned through scutellum, antennomeres IIb to IV of both antennae, both middle legs and left hind leg missing; detached dissected abdomen + basi- (IIa) and distipedicellite (IIb) of one antenna, and genital capsule + abdominal segment VIII are glued on two separate pieces of card attached to the same pin.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C5282781B57DD93AC1C5BC305EA6B9CC" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AAE46CAE2EB138245183635F5805C559" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="223D65689F5EEFD964819BA06EA8605A" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
Coloration, structure of head, thorax and pregenital abdomen, and vestiture as in other species of the genus (see redescription of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rhyncholepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8284494A064994248F66D04BA768AE9B" genus="Rhyncholepta" lsidName="Rhyncholepta" pageId="38" pageNumber="385" rank="genus">Rhyncholepta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
above) except for the following characters.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Apex of scutellum with anteapical black V-shaped stripe on scutellum reduced to few black punctures anteapically near each lateral margin (Figure 25). Apical V-shaped callosity very narrow, concolorous with surrounding surface of scutellum, hardly apparent in the single specimen examined (Figure 25).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED497F8FA6074F850737EE14451E5001" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">Apex of scutellum with anteapical black V-shaped stripe on scutellum reduced to few black punctures anteapically near each lateral margin (Figure 25). Apical V-shaped callosity very narrow, concolorous with surrounding surface of scutellum, hardly apparent in the single specimen examined (Figure 25).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A71D9306A49829F11D85EE4DDCA3CF42" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="38" pageNumber="385">
|
||||
Male genitalia. Genital capsule in ventral view slightly constricted lateroapically, posterolateral angles obtusangulate, not prominent (Figs 40, 64); dorsal wall at base of posterolateral angles shallowly impressed (Figs 64, 71). Ventral rim in ventral view with wide M-shaped projection apically, shallow V-shaped incision medially; posterior hypandrial projections situated posterolaterally, short, pointed, directed ventrally (Figs 40-41); basal portions of posterior projections not visible in this view. Hypandrium in posterior view with three pairs of projections: posterior ones caudal, very
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="386" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="31BF82AD366F041D6B7CBB6B08F46C1F" pageId="39" pageNumber="386" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, acute but not spinose, directed ventrolaterad (Figs 52, 53: pp); lateral projections very narrow, directed posterolaterad, apices spinose, straight (Figs 52, 53: lp); anterior projections steeply sloping downwards, appearing narrowly parallel-sided, acutangulate apically, apices directed laterad (Figs 52, 53: ap). Anterior hypandrial projections in most exposed (dorso-posterolateral) view appearing roughly quadrangular, dorsal margins slightly concave, each apically with sharp spine strongly curved downwards (Figure 77: ap); bases of posterior and lateral projections widely separated, both projections parallel (Figure 77: a); posterior projection short, narrowing towards acute apex (Figure 77: pp); lateral projection long, spinous, nearly straight (Figure 77: lp). Anterior hypandrial projections in dorsal view parallel, each parallel-sided, abruptly sharpened apically, apices slightly divergent (Figs 64, 65: ap); posterior projections visible as acute angles (Figure 65: ppb); lateral projections directed laterad, narrowing to sharp spine, not curved apically (Figure 65: lp). Phallus not dissected in unique specimen available.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Measurements of the holotype (see Table 1).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="12D9068D0920B50D9EC909EE126EA74C" pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="96169FAB3D4CCED67B6994B3B0CD617E" pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Measurements of the holotype (see Table 1).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="386" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="386">See above key.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3907FA6EFD9101B3A53B3ACCF7DCFF17" pageId="39" pageNumber="386" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="24970430F742C08F238B91051A7015BB" pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1CF7C4F5ADE247E227AA180A1CA4E4C8" pageId="39" pageNumber="386">See above key.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="386" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="386">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="91164E3EE2606801DF828830CE5A19AE" pageId="39" pageNumber="386" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B29B500C871EB3C45D30E3E3A6FFA131" pageId="39" pageNumber="386">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BF6124F8F9B1F49DDCAA41BA5B928689" pageId="39" pageNumber="386">
|
||||
The species is dedicated to Alfred G. Wheeler, Jr. (Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA), our friend and colleague, and excellent specialist in systematics and biology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Heteroptera" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="386" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E57C667E7B74050BF05D7F2B47F6216E" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera" order="Hemiptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We feel it is appropriate that Tom Henry and Al Wheeler, long-time friends and co-authors of many papers, also share two species of the same genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="387" type="collecting circumstances">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="387">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="387" start="start">Collecting</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="00AACA3AB74B8759B36E45D0C0B8D987" pageId="40" pageNumber="387" type="collecting circumstances">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6E38162446709F0CDFFB01AF3CA2E750" pageId="40" pageNumber="387">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="F7AE93944756E39E557F546178E9A017" pageId="40" pageNumber="387" start="start">Collecting</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
circumstances.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="387">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E51894EA905D7577FE62AD377979B97" pageId="40" pageNumber="387">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="387" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="387">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="387">(Figure 99). Guyana (present paper).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="107C59852F9F4A7C98BCB688A5F502E8" pageId="40" pageNumber="387" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A339AB15E03E9E8220EDD8CEC8B702C0" pageId="40" pageNumber="387">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6E66A2EF73A277A6898FFE9483629499" pageId="40" pageNumber="387">(Figure 99). Guyana (present paper).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,261 +1,261 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBFCAB350810669191DA81A354C299DF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBFCAB350810669191DA81A354C299DF" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="26" pageNumber="65">
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|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysopodes_lineafrons" authority="Adams & Penny, 1987" authorityName="Adams & Penny" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons Adams & Penny, 1987</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="DBFCAB350810669191DA81A354C299DF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DBFCAB350810669191DA81A354C299DF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DBFCAB350810669191DA81A354C299DF" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="26" pageNumber="65" scope_family="Chrysopidae" scope_order="Neuroptera">
|
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|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9952A848688C5ED1F4183EFBE4ED1220" ID-CoL="5Z4LK" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysopodes_lineafrons" authority="Adams & Penny, 1987" authorityName="Adams & Penny" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons Adams & Penny, 1987</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–419–">-419-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="540B17CC322282AD09AE06EB9053531B" originalValue="–419–">-419-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
22
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="65">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C6C5F2DF7D3A3DA567EEC5B2F6004296" pageId="26" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A2F4DB8BD36CB59C80E874913F71217" pageId="26" pageNumber="65">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="392A531EB5671A17A12FD942801184F7" pageId="26" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="959DDFD0D04E90A2E5A8AAD1519B8F14" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs widely throughout South America where it frequently has been reported from cropping systems, especially tropical fruit orchards (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="413 - 479" title="[1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini." volume="15" year="1985">Adams and Penny 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AEBE8BCB20218E190F79C0ED4EBCB284" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="413 - 479" title="[1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini." volume="15" year="1985">Adams and Penny 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Olazo, EV" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="151 - 152" title="Nuevas citas de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera: Planipennia) para la Argentina." volume="45" year="1999">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2A0EA4E4493CFF967E7C79B515C5E099" author="Gonzalez Olazo, EV" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="151 - 152" title="Nuevas citas de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera: Planipennia) para la Argentina." volume="45" year="1999">
|
||||
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Olazo et al. 1999
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A4084A3C2B7ECFD810D277286FECE37C" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="ED868584EFAFDE05EA80AE3912849D53" author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It is a relatively small-bodied species that can be recognized by its facial markings, parallel and dark gradate veins, and distinctive genitalia (male and female). Adults can be identified using the keys in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="413 - 479" title="[1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini." volume="15" year="1985">Adams and Penny (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AADB7F145DC16882A145972F53A0AA08" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="413 - 479" title="[1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini." volume="15" year="1985">Adams and Penny (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="299B29DBA11B18DB41997C5C97313094" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="65" type="known geographic distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="65">Known geographic distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8222041CDFC81DC2E1F124277994F0F1" pageId="26" pageNumber="65" type="known geographic distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="59C0CA0749A5001EB922536CFC96DB8C" pageId="26" pageNumber="65">Known geographic distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DAA8371F84782037ED0FE5313BEABF5E" pageId="26" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
Argentina (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Olazo, EV" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="151 - 152" title="Nuevas citas de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera: Planipennia) para la Argentina." volume="45" year="1999">
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B68B33769A0907E88E7674A66E19DB87" author="Gonzalez Olazo, EV" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="151 - 152" title="Nuevas citas de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera: Planipennia) para la Argentina." volume="45" year="1999">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="28C928D225E807C6D66E983AB4CA8ABE" originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Olazo et al. 1999
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Brazil (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="413 - 479" title="[1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini." volume="15" year="1985">Adams and Penny 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="48E709C0CD22FEF27701D68836D8618D" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="413 - 479" title="[1987] Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 11 a. Introduction and Chrysopini." volume="15" year="1985">Adams and Penny 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2E088339FA898E5DFE7DDECA8FE73523" author="Freitas, S de" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="80" pagination="245 - 395" title="The green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian agro-ecosystems." volume="52" year="2001">Freitas and Penny 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E3CA06596AF0DFECBC552F9BCD4D768B" author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="66" start="start">Larval</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="48FA15673AD426AACA320EBB821DA489" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="larval diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="107FC9D3BD527D843CD77E264A9E62EE" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="7D2929707EF1E8FDC8311514C0F232AE" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" start="start">Larval</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
diagnosis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB3C727CCD6068F4C395564B212EA895" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
The dorsal head markings of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6CABBB7BE927477E033C80C561E2EF86" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae are similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisus" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3D0A83E8464C11D03BE917ADC61CA357" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisus" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs 2-4). However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="923012BD80EBE849E5CB9EAB2DD6513E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Semaphoront A) can be differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisus" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E90BFC7EAC7127ED389478BA9E62ACA" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisus" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) divisus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the smaller number of robust, thorny setae on the posterior fold (R1) of the metathorax (n = 4) and the smaller number of smooth, hooked SMS on abdominal segments A1-A5 (n = 16). A dense coating of spinules on the dorsal integument gives the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DA4884D6D6C8046AF2918E2E1850B87C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larval body (Semaphoront B) a distinctive dark brown hue (most notable on the thorax and abdominal segments A1-A6, including the pleural and ventral regions). Other distinguishing characteristics of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="67DD73BE076F41ADE98AFFD9CE1B98F0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Semaphoront B are the thorny cranial setae S1, S4, S6, S11, the large, dark brown pronotal plates (Sc1), and the presence of secondary sclerites on the pronotal midline.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="first instar">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="66">First instar.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="66">(Semaphoront A). Body (Fig. 19A) 2.5-2.6 mm long; surface predominantly white to cream-colored, with some, small, light brown to brown markings.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A9B3EE29E545CBD78A09AAD493949994" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" type="first instar">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED31BC44623308D54A6EF35A7800B5FC" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">First instar.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D0A45F37AED64E663CFFCAE341D1CAC3" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">(Semaphoront A). Body (Fig. 19A) 2.5-2.6 mm long; surface predominantly white to cream-colored, with some, small, light brown to brown markings.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="88C73C7A26C47FAC392D86BA803B0905" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EB107EF818C369CC2C18D2F3834F7769" pageId="27" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
Figure 19.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1A0CB074FFACCA4C53E7EA8BF7D0DC3" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, first instar A Habitus, lateral B Head, lateral C Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal D Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal. Abbreviations: A2, A4, A6, A8, A10 abdominal segments A1R1, A1R2 anterior and posterior rows of submedian setae (SMS) on first abdominal segment A2R1, A2R2 anterior and posterior rows of SMS on second abdominal segment A4LT lateral tubercle on fourth abdominal segment A6LDT, A6LT laterodorsal tubercle, lateral tubercle on sixth abdominal segment ge genal marking T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="67" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ADF62236830F3C94F4611E9061933845" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="5F4C93EE0E404A5FEDA4C2EF182CCF49" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(Figs 2D, 19B) 0.40-0.41 mm wide; mandibles 0.35-0.37 mm long (ratio, mandible length: head width = 0.85-0.90: 1). Cranium mostly brown, with elongate, white to cream-colored area posteromesally extending from margin of cranium anteriorly to base of frontal markings, pair of white to cream-colored areas between lateral arm of epicranial marking and postfrontal marking. Epicranial marking light brown mesally, darker brown laterally, with mesal and lateral arms fused posteriorly; lateral arm extending around antennal sockets, above eyes; mesal arm fused with postfrontal marking. Postfrontal marking diffuse, darker brown than most of epicranial marking, contiguous basally with distal margin of epicranial marking (mesal arm), extending anteriorly almost to mesal margin of antennal base. Frontal markings thin, dark brown, paired but fused mesally, extending laterally across anterior of head to middle of mandibular base, merged with brown intermandibular coloration. Cranial setae light amber; S1, S4, S6, S11 thorny; S1, S11 long, others shorter; Vx setae very small.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Gena, ventral margin of head capsule brown, with small clear patch within genal mark. Labial palpus tinged with light brown, slightly darker distally. Mandibles light brown. Antenna with light brown scape, pedicel white basally, brown distally; flagellum brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Thorax (Figs 2D, 19A) mostly cream to white, with sclerotized structures light brown to brown; episternum brown. Legs white, with base of coxa brown, femur (especially distal half) tinged with brown, dorsum of tibia tinged with light brown; tarsal claws, empodia, brown. LS light amber; other setae cream to light amber.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="67">T1: Row of three small setae (R1) near base of LT not observed. Sc1 brown throughout, but slightly lighter mesally; S2Sc1 small, immediately above S1Sc1. S1 long; S3 intermediate-length, slightly thorny. T2: Spiracle with lip of atrium raised above integumental surface. Sc1, Sc2 transparent: Sc3 marked with light brown; S2Sc3 variable, from medium-length to long, S2 smaller than S2Sc3. T3: S1Sc1 present, S2Sc1 (sometimes absent), S1Sc2 very small. S2Sc2 absent. Raised posterior fold with row (R1) of four long, thorny, pointed setae on chalazae with ovate, light brown marks anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A1AB97E69D679E19A8D43DCE578FD0AB" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Gena, ventral margin of head capsule brown, with small clear patch within genal mark. Labial palpus tinged with light brown, slightly darker distally. Mandibles light brown. Antenna with light brown scape, pedicel white basally, brown distally; flagellum brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AAB52F6DAAFEF23010F3B6939D0D67BC" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Thorax (Figs 2D, 19A) mostly cream to white, with sclerotized structures light brown to brown; episternum brown. Legs white, with base of coxa brown, femur (especially distal half) tinged with brown, dorsum of tibia tinged with light brown; tarsal claws, empodia, brown. LS light amber; other setae cream to light amber.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C9212A84F90A1B8358E587E576C810C3" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">T1: Row of three small setae (R1) near base of LT not observed. Sc1 brown throughout, but slightly lighter mesally; S2Sc1 small, immediately above S1Sc1. S1 long; S3 intermediate-length, slightly thorny. T2: Spiracle with lip of atrium raised above integumental surface. Sc1, Sc2 transparent: Sc3 marked with light brown; S2Sc3 variable, from medium-length to long, S2 smaller than S2Sc3. T3: S1Sc1 present, S2Sc1 (sometimes absent), S1Sc2 very small. S2Sc2 absent. Raised posterior fold with row (R1) of four long, thorny, pointed setae on chalazae with ovate, light brown marks anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1BE92DD269038B922A60A4E854F1E513" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
Abdomen (Figs 19
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="79AA493295C00A3A1B6A788C258481D1" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) white to cream-colored, with LTs, LDTs tinged with light brown, chalazae of most dorsal setae brown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="67">A1-A2: Dorsum with four to six SMS in anterior row, with 12 to 16 SMS in posterior row. Spiracles far lateral to anterior row, with SSp mesally. A3-A5: Anterior and posterior rows of SMS largely coalesced, with four to six SMS in anterior row, ten to 14 SMS in curved, posterior row. Spiracle with SSp near anteromesal margin. A6: Anterior region with row of two to six SMS, pair of small, straight setae lateral to SMS. Spiracle with pair of small SSp mesally. A7: Anterior region without setae or microsetae. Spiracle with SSp mesally. A8: Venter with two pairs of medium-length setae posteriorly, one pair of short setae anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B6315669D7AFF9BEA40902CC69805CBD" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">A1-A2: Dorsum with four to six SMS in anterior row, with 12 to 16 SMS in posterior row. Spiracles far lateral to anterior row, with SSp mesally. A3-A5: Anterior and posterior rows of SMS largely coalesced, with four to six SMS in anterior row, ten to 14 SMS in curved, posterior row. Spiracle with SSp near anteromesal margin. A6: Anterior region with row of two to six SMS, pair of small, straight setae lateral to SMS. Spiracle with pair of small SSp mesally. A7: Anterior region without setae or microsetae. Spiracle with SSp mesally. A8: Venter with two pairs of medium-length setae posteriorly, one pair of short setae anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" type="second and third instars">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Second and third instars.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C4E1985BE1EE209F5BC6C3AE1B5812CA" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="28" pageNumber="67" type="second and third instars">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8AEA352AB778BC72DA441FD1D1E35911" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">Second and third instars.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4950E7096099379044B34A281E22A8A1" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="28" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
(Semaphoront B). Body (Figs 20E, 21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="14842E602B322AC4646E537EE2CF962C" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) length 3.3-3.9 mm (L2), 5.8-6.8 mm (L3); surface white to cream-colored, with dense brown integumental spinules throughout, especially dense, dark on pronotum, mesonotum; primary pronotal, mesonotal sclerites brown to dark brown; dark brown marks ante
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="68" start="start">rior</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="67D59DEF1BD3B20529B1CD35862F3BB7" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" start="start">rior</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
and posterior to lateral tubercles; sclerites anterior to coxae dark brown, lateral section of abdomen mostly light brown to brown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<caption id="7369EB80B8835132A6701D3B78355E53" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C7427ACC1369048B590A5CC529DD425C" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
Figure 20.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F5AC30DE1A382C61D50C9083692A6454" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, second instar A Head, dorsal B Head, lateral C Head and thorax, dorsal D Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal E Habitus, lateral F Abdominal segments A6 to A10, dorsal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<caption id="4591D320FB07CFC88F35BF74A3CECDA5" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D9AD509564C04E867567BC6FA9F2C185" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
Figure 21.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="567D0AE7FD85BC25A7CE95F4F171A162" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, third instar A Habitus, lateral B Habitus, ventral C Head, ventral D Head, lateral. Abbreviations: ge genal marking st stemmata T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1BDFBC467403510B083AE95C5E8615F3" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="29" pageNumber="68">
|
||||
Head (Figs 3D, 4D, 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AEC0357CA47AC491CCAAC22F89E871EE" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BFE3D0934D62A0D5C142B8FA67686AEB" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) dorsum cream-colored, with brown to dark brown markings. Epicranial marking brown, with mesal and lateral arms in broad contact mesally; both arms in contact with posterior margin of head; lateral arm extending from distolateral margin of cranium to upper level of eye, distal part tapering, broken, almost surrounding dorsal margin of eye; mesal arm extending from base of head, almost confluent with postfrontal marking. Postfrontal marking dark brown, narrow
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="69" start="start">throughout</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="6766D71DD0B89EAE94AF9653D6F1C9CC" pageId="30" pageNumber="69" start="start">throughout</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, extending toward inner margin of scape. Frontal marking dark brown, basal arms confluent with each other, forming broad central mark, extending from midsection of head, beyond tentorial pits to intermandibular marking; base of each arm rounded. Intermandibular marking dark brown, broad mesally, tapering laterally, at base of mandibles. Clypeolabral region cream to white. Gena cream-colored, with large, brown, forked marking near base of cranium, with tips of fork reaching approximately 3/4th distance to eye. Mandible, maxilla amber basally, mesally, dark brown laterally, distally. Labial palpus: basal section cream-colored with very slight tinge of brown laterally; mesal segment tinged with brown laterally, cream-colored mesally, with terminal subsegment brown; terminal segment brown. Antenna: scape amber; basal section of flagellum cream-colored with slight tinge of brown; distal 1/4th of
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="70" start="start">pedicel</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="F4617C9BEC3673D9C2238FAE248D4290" pageId="31" pageNumber="70" start="start">pedicel</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, flagellum, darker brown. Venter amber, with large, white central area; margin of cranium, cardo dark brown; mentum with rectangular, brown spot basally.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="31" pageNumber="70">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EE9967112F519E064C7BC691EC5DA5BA" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="31" pageNumber="70">
|
||||
All cephalic setae present; S1, S11 long; S2-S10, S12 medium length to short; S1 thorny; S4, S6, S11 lightly thorny (thorniness difficult to see except under high magnification, especially on L2); other setae smooth. Vx setae relatively short. Ante
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="71" start="start">rior</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="4CC265200246F4CF30AD6CEABF0875EC" pageId="32" pageNumber="71" start="start">rior</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
margin of head straight, with angled lateral margins; mesal pair of anterior setae medium-length, lateral two pairs short or very short.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="71">Head width across eyes, 0.55-0.61 mm (L2), 0.91-0.96 mm (L3); mandible length, 0.49-0.55 mm (L2), 0.96-1.00 mm (L3); ratio mandible length to head width = 0.87-0.93 (L2), 1.02-1.07 (L3). Tip of mandible with six teeth mesally.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="71">Cervix brownish, with dense covering of spinules; sides with pair of broad brown patches; venter brown throughout, darker laterally.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E79D42C28FD15C6AC6270C3E87D195E2" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">Head width across eyes, 0.55-0.61 mm (L2), 0.91-0.96 mm (L3); mandible length, 0.49-0.55 mm (L2), 0.96-1.00 mm (L3); ratio mandible length to head width = 0.87-0.93 (L2), 1.02-1.07 (L3). Tip of mandible with six teeth mesally.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E2D23D1EC13FAC422C5B2DD0DEFA1DEE" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">Cervix brownish, with dense covering of spinules; sides with pair of broad brown patches; venter brown throughout, darker laterally.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C7B5E39986CA6A18187911104A2D10D" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
Thorax (Figs 3D, 4D, 20C, 20E, 21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="65ED605C444D19D0A6425773A901BB13" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 22A) brown dorsally, laterally, ventrolaterally, tinged by dense covering of brown spinules; sclerites, chalazae dark brown; LTs white, with LS white to light brown; chalazae cream-colored. Venter white to cream-colored mesally, with tinge of brown anteriorly, laterally, where spinules extend to ventral surface, without marks. Pleural region with small brown marks near the base of LTs. Legs: coxa white, with dark brown on dorsal surface; trochanter cream-colored to white, femur brown basally, dark brown distally; tibia white to tinged with very light brown, with light brown setae; tarsus tinged with very light brown; empodium, base brown; claws amber. Episternum with large brown mark; epimeron with small brown mark(s).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<caption id="98665D734CB96E6E97B22D7489143E90" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9C08E1E1CFF727FD1CD57C83E788DD55" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
Figure 22.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70254371A041B1F86B43C95B985EAD99" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, third instar A Thorax, dorsal B Abdominal segments A1 to A5, dorsal C Abdominal segments A4 to A10, dorsal. Abbreviations: A4, A6, A8, A10 abdominal segments A2R1 double row of submedian setae (SMS) on anterior fold of second abdominal segment A2R2 double/triple row of SMS on posterior fold of second abdominal segment A3R1 double row of SMS on anterior fold of third abdominal segment A3R2 double/triple row of SMS on posterior fold of third abdominal segment A6LDT, A6LT laterodorsal tubercle, lateral tubercle on sixth abdominal segment sp spiracle (on anterior subsegment of mesothorax) T1LT prothoracic lateral tubercle T1Sc1 first primary prothoracic sclerite T2Sc3 third primary mesothoracic sclerite T3R1 row of long, sturdy, thorny setae on raised posterior fold of metathorax.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="71">T1: LT with 15-19 (L2), 18-24 (L3) LS. Sc1 extending around posterior base of LT, dark brown laterally, mesally, with cream-colored to light brown, elongate streak with broad base. Three sclerites on midline: Sc2 triangular, cream-colored, with two brown spots anteriorly, mesal brown spot posteriorly, two smaller, light brown sclerites anterior to Sc2 [not all apparent on L2]. S2, S3 thorny. T2: Anterior sclerite (Sc1) brown; spiracle on small protuberance. Posterior subsegment with Sc2 transparent; Sc3 pronounced, dark brown. LT with 12-16 (L2), 14-18 (L3) thorny, robust LS, most long, several basal ones shorter. T3: LT with 12-16 LS (L2, L3). Posterior fold with 12-13 robust, thorny setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3D2F27E60BD1A354773B826A5FC62E5B" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">T1: LT with 15-19 (L2), 18-24 (L3) LS. Sc1 extending around posterior base of LT, dark brown laterally, mesally, with cream-colored to light brown, elongate streak with broad base. Three sclerites on midline: Sc2 triangular, cream-colored, with two brown spots anteriorly, mesal brown spot posteriorly, two smaller, light brown sclerites anterior to Sc2 [not all apparent on L2]. S2, S3 thorny. T2: Anterior sclerite (Sc1) brown; spiracle on small protuberance. Posterior subsegment with Sc2 transparent; Sc3 pronounced, dark brown. LT with 12-16 (L2), 14-18 (L3) thorny, robust LS, most long, several basal ones shorter. T3: LT with 12-16 LS (L2, L3). Posterior fold with 12-13 robust, thorny setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B75298B04BC2FB648EB5CA92DDE1B356" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
Abdomen (Figs 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1008FDA42A70C2992E0C7E7C09F1F332" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 21
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1797AFDDD2A0E4F975A887879C938B57" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 22
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F06137A90808A1C51C27A74B23E223C4" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) dorsum light brown to brown throughout, LTs of A2-A5 with dark brown anterior spots, sometimes posterior spots; LS white to amber, with dark brown chalazae; chalazae of dorsal setae dark brown. A6, A7 each with pair of large, dark brown marks dorsal to LTs, pair ventral to LTs; dark brown marks surrounding anterior lateral margins of LDTs; LDTs white with dark brown chalazae; SMS amber-colored. A8 with pair of dark brown marks mesal to spiracles. A9 with dorsum almost entirely dark brown. A10 with dark brown, inverted V-shaped mark; light brown laterally. Sides of A2-A6 with large, diffuse, brown patch below each LT; venter lightly tinged with brown, light brown mesally, darker brown laterally; A7-A8 mostly white ventrally; A9 light brown ventrally; venter of A10 with pair of small, contiguous, triangular dark brown marks.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0F3C6E891ACB30F7E05FC691A5556887" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="32" pageNumber="71">
|
||||
A1: Dorsum with 40-76 (L2), ~128-150 (L3) SMS in two double-triple transverse bands between spiracles; bands not extending laterally beyond spiracles. A2-A5: Dorsum with 41-102 (L2), 119-173 (L3) SMS in two broad transverse bands. LT with 10-15 (L2), 18-30 (L3) LS: five to seven robust, thorny, blunt LS of various lengths, on distal surface; remaining LS less robust, smooth, hooked in patch on dorsal surface. A6: Dorsum with transverse band of 16-28 (L2), 28-38 (L3) SMS across anterior of segment; midsection with two pairs of smooth setae, mesal pair hooked, long,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="72" start="start">lateral</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="DC942FF1ACEE8D8FFECF63C95D529054" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" start="start">lateral</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
pair pointed, shorter. LT with 9-11 (L2), 11-17 (L3) robust, thorny, blunt LS of various sizes. A7: Dorsum with two pairs of short setae between spiracles. LT with 8-10 (L2), 10-13 (L3) LS of various sizes. Venter with setal number and size variable, usually with two pairs of setae anteriorly (both small, smooth), three pairs of sublateral setae posteriorly (two lateral-most pairs robust, thorny, mesal pair small, smooth). A8: Dorsum with two pairs of small setae between spiracles; four pairs of small setae in transverse row between LTs. Venter with scattered, small setae anteriorly, two robust, thorny setae on small chalazae between LTs. A9: Dorsum with one pair of very small setae anteriorly. Middle and posterior regions with two transverse rings of setae extending around segment; each ring with ~14-16 setae of various sizes, several in each ring robust. A10: Dorsum with one pair of setae anteriorly, two pairs mesally, patch of several setae distally; one pair of small setae posterior to V-shaped anterior sclerites. Lateral region with two pairs of robust setae, two to three pairs of smaller setae. Venter with ~two pairs of robust setae, five pairs of small setae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="72" type="egg">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">Egg.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">At oviposition, green, with white micropyle; ovoid, 0.92 to 0.99 mm long, 0.40 to 0.44 mm wide. Stalk smooth, hyaline, 3.1 to 6.2 mm long.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D727BF7C2D1601ADD4EC9553B40FC93A" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" type="egg">
|
||||
<paragraph id="73C476F125ADDF2BC083446E26BA681A" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">Egg.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B9D98C3F792826B1C81C7137E3D93410" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">At oviposition, green, with white micropyle; ovoid, 0.92 to 0.99 mm long, 0.40 to 0.44 mm wide. Stalk smooth, hyaline, 3.1 to 6.2 mm long.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="72" type="larval specimens examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">Larval specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E6B3DD46CF82553820F540C44D2310E5" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" type="larval specimens examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B37D7F759DACDEA67A40F586DDCA6514" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">Larval specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="52F4B0382BF6C27BC2880F027A3E485F" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
Several lots, each originating from a single gravid female collected in Brazil, Bahia: Cruz das Almas, VI-19-96 (Tauber Lot 96:020B). Rio de Janeiro: Campos dos Goytacazes,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9F5E964CA45F147110938F643AECF3DC" originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Experimental Pesagro, VI-20-2006 (Albuquerque Lot 2006:08).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="72" type="biology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7BC503424066E7955C500DE76E5AC7FD" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" type="biology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="14AAEB9E52052C00F6E799689F10CD59" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5734FCA46A2155E5806D02FAB4857467" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
Adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E4E7FB318825289E60E655C419DDE8A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are commonly found in citrus and other orchards (see summary in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="556C3BCC1F9670589771DBF22DFFCF0F" author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3D7A8BF4BD89811202578F81E78D9E42" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
In the lab, eggs were deposited separately (with isolated stalks), in small groups with no particular pattern. During the first 24 hours of oviposition, the eggs were bright green, with dark green blotches. On the second day, they began to develop a bluish brown tone, with brownish mottling; by the third day the eggs were greyish blue to pinkish, with brown mottling. At 24
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3068233C7B686925A8D08DCC70845ADE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1°C, hatching occurred within six days (n = 12).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7C742178B75B11017B76952D2052500A" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
Larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECB60EF88AE22046497FDCD71DDCDB28" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
carry dense packets of woody plant material and other dry debris; they exhibit a side-to-side rocking motion. Development of the various stages (population from the state of Bahia: Cruz das Almas, 24
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4FC4B114E01331D74CE27B8A37A0D5CC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
1°C, n = 14) required: L1, 4-5 days; L2, 3 days; L3, 3-4 days; cocoon, 15 days; complete development from oviposition to adult emergence, 32 days. These data coincide well with the results from extensive rearings of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6104F94E6CC70B3FC761ABCEDF14EDFF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the state of Rio de Janeiro (Campos dos Goytacazes) (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="523D8B49F76E8EF9D2B760CE9D80BDF5" author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
<paragraph id="ABCD8937AFDE16BAFB6E7E596F06AE65" pageId="33" pageNumber="72">
|
||||
Experimental life history studies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBC92144C591BFA229A538630D14DC2B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineafrons" subGenus="Chrysopodes">Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the laboratory and the field (southeastern Brazil) indicate: that the species can undergo development and reproduction all-year-round without interruption or dormancy; that during this time up to eight generations can be produced; and that temperature conditions play an important role in determining the rates of reproduction and development both in the lab and in the field (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0BC755B4B240BF59AEB5024E0647DAB9" author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The species is considered to have excellent potential for mass rearing and for use in the biological control of pests in fruit orchards (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="67619DEA9E9D1AD8F677DA3DDF822FCF" author="Silva, PS" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="42" pageNumber="81" pagination="33 - 41" title="Life history of a widespread Neotropical predator, Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) lineafrons (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." url="10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.004" volume="41" year="2007">Silva et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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