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<mods:title id="E349CE38F1EAA8BAB45D2BE49F2C71FC">Two new species and a new genus of ray spiders (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwest Japan, with notes on their natural history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Suzuki, Yuya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1 - 21 - 24, Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890 - 0065, Japan & Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="EF6E643933FFC543CAEB6438144D2316">The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1 - 21 - 24, Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890 - 0065, Japan & Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Hiramatsu, Takehisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Fregrance-Uwado 203, Uwado, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, 350 - 0816, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B939A91DEA757C6A4947D81CBB7F986" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B939A91DEA757C6A4947D81CBB7F986" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<treatment id="8B939A91DEA757C6A4947D81CBB7F986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196375119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B939A91DEA757C6A4947D81CBB7F986" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B939A91DEA757C6A4947D81CBB7F986" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" scope_family="Theridiosomatidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="8B939A91-DEA7-57C6-A494-7D81CBB7F986" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="59E4F90F6207885C8A9E7808F283EA3A" ID-CoL="7VQL" LSID="8B939A91-DEA7-57C6-A494-7D81CBB7F986" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma gemmosum" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma gemmosum</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C60FE5D1D693A14D238BA30DBB14C881" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="DA103970949537C71EA938BC453A28E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CEAF757369F2B4045697D3DC3A0C59A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="8CF381205A9C9BDA83AA1DD069F824A9" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma gemmosum" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmosum">
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||||
<emphasis id="DB9B357753A85943B44B6944200A436B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma gemmosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L. Koch, 1877), from Nuremberg, West Germany (not examined).
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="FBE5E4B3AB7755A7A69231E0E981C832" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="3BF92379478A12892C23D7B56FD3683E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="505713F362AD46249964CCC66053701C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Males of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A851506A886D20C7120B6DADC0812407" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EC5E426E39331D08227784DC7DCF69B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
species can be distinguished from other theridiosomatid genera by the morphology of the embolic division of the male palp: short and tubular embolus with embolic apophyses fragmented into several long bristle-like parts (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D018630D01A67A0EC678A4FDC6D18AC3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 131, 133). Embolic apophysis varies in number and shape among species and is regarded as an important taxonomic character (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="FC894FE42BA3B1DC3221FBCDE8385973" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="88F3281EA52D3FB88C5C4DB8974FD85E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). Median apophysis is less sclerotized, curved and attenuates distally (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7DEAB76808F283E17C9B6857660ABA7C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 132, 133), which is less useful for distinguishing species. A sclerotized projection ('conductor
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="projection’">projection'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FB089B344A566ECED249B28FAE03F779" originalValue="projection’">projection'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) is present on prolateral side of conductor in some species, while absent in others (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A46CAAF8D4CB1FE2F03A27434918C408" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9F105EE28497A7806A7F45B68CDA6EE2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Distal margin of conductor beneath embolic apophyses ('posterior margin of embolic
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="division’">division'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B4F98D8CBCC86F15665C44DB3937FC22" originalValue="division’">division'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AB2E0EB0C4983B21EE57B54240B40434" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) is generally sclerotized and the shape is useful as a taxonomic character (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B017E430E61FF31A45EE8817DEBDDF6F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 7E, 8E, 10E, 11E). Tegular surface beneath conductor is generally sclerotized with many folds (referred as 'ventral side of tegulum beneath posterior edge of embolic
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="division’">division'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7F7D020C94FE0DC900D06460EEB5AF43" originalValue="division’">division'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="408E20878999C6880E92128F01E345E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), of which shape and surface texture vary among species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B91244D9015883A09971E50951129D65" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B3B2B138489D82A66420A43961FAD41B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A06DA99C8AB9F7E9A60B93723A7879FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
Females of the genus can be distinguished from related genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E0667C5D8984707DB6A72709F6D4B587" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Baalzebub" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baalzebub" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F6412101E652C79322AD9A443C264BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Baalzebub</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Epilineutes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilineutes" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Epilineutes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="730A1DC9E2AE0EABDA0DA50A0C8A3309" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Epilineutes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epilineutes" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DCB7055BE0B258D871EF9479CA4F9B71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Epilineutes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Suzuki & Hiramatsu & Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Suzuki & Hiramatsu & Tatsuta" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Wendilgarda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wendilgarda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Wendilgarda</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="537B3D884B873F2575A090C6E3D95360" authorityName="Suzuki & Hiramatsu & Tatsuta" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Suzuki & Hiramatsu & Tatsuta" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Wendilgarda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wendilgarda" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C9EA4DC5E165F6FECC0D096610581183" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Wendilgarda</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) by having relatively sclerotized, robust copulatory ducts running from the bursa to the spermathecae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FD7D46AFB2AAC654F4090E8B1CF3C438" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 145, 152). Surface of epigynal plate is smooth and its posterior margin generally lacks scape-like structures. Shape of posterior margin of epigynal plate varies among
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5F3BF7C4DA58B46CB187B834E2641DCA" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Theridiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theridiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="159908C290B45AC3663E9327D3E94265" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Theridiosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species: rounded or almost straight in some species, while having a pair of small, sclerotized processes (named as
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘spurs’">'spurs'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="261A2D7DF40EB385F9EFC6A823A87A88" originalValue="‘spurs’">'spurs'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7B57D5C4A8A71F2F38A33EB3E2779FA4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) or a small slit-like invagination in others (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C68AE2563E57AA5A139C83600731992F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" author="Coddington, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B4" refString="Coddington, JA, 1986a. The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 422 (422): 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" title="The genera of the spider family Theridiosomatidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.422" volume="422" year="1986 a">Coddington 1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B13" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="9ABBE54EEAF93D4FF0D8789CA9243E7C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B13" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D62FBB70BA48ED69C1F127498301BAA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" author="Suzuki, Y" journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="133 - 150" refId="B28" refString="Suzuki, Y, Serita, R, Hiramatsu, T, 2020. Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species. Acta Arachnologica 69 (2): 133 - 150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" title="Japanese spiders of the genus Theridiosoma (Araneae: Theridiosomatidae) with the description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.69.133" volume="69" year="2020">Suzuki et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Zoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Zoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7F12907C50D5428D5DDB1589DC0C9DEB" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Zoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF33A729BA3E3DDD0122EE47383784FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Zoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
females possess a similar genitalia except in having a sclerotized median pit on the surface of the epigynal plate and lacking any processes nor invaginations on the posterior margin of the epigynal plate in known species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Saaristo, MI" journalOrPublisher="Phelsuma" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="48 - 52" refId="B21" refString="Saaristo, MI, 1996. Theridiosomatid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). Phelsuma 4: 48 - 52" title="Theridiosomatid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." volume="4" year="1996">Saaristo 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9FE4E21BC35B474E189F14F6C90F3C5E" author="Saaristo, MI" journalOrPublisher="Phelsuma" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="48 - 52" refId="B21" refString="Saaristo, MI, 1996. Theridiosomatid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). Phelsuma 4: 48 - 52" title="Theridiosomatid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." volume="4" year="1996">Saaristo 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B13" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="74DD252C874067FA608FB1060E928C57" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" author="Miller, JA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="9 - 195" refId="B13" refString="Miller, JA, Griswold, CE, Yin, CM, 2009. The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers. ZooKeys 11: 9 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" title="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.11.160" volume="11" year="2009">Miller et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="81E47583FBB2FC9D2FCEC9A6F781D775" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" author="Zhao, QY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 48" refId="B35" refString="Zhao, QY, Li, SQ, 2012. Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae). ZooKeys 255: 1 - 48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="197 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Ballarin, F, Yamasaki, T, Su, YC, 2021. A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae). Zootaxa 4927 (2): 197 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" title="A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" volume="4927" year="2021">Ballarin et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="C5C275027BE76E9491C46B0057CD1786" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" author="Ballarin, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="197 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Ballarin, F, Yamasaki, T, Su, YC, 2021. A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae). Zootaxa 4927 (2): 197 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" title="A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2" volume="4927" year="2021">Ballarin et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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