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<mods:title>The genus Neotherina Dognin (Geometridae, Ennominae) in Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="F1322415B369AFB38B9AA635DD06E35C">The genus Neotherina Dognin (Geometridae, Ennominae) in Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Sullivan, J. Bolling</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Chacon, Isidro</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F5E807138E91C3264BEA98CCACF25C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5E807138E91C3264BEA98CCACF25C1" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Neotherina_callas" authority="Druce, 1892" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina callas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callas">Neotherina callas (Druce, 1892)</taxonomicName>
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||||
<treatment id="7F5E807138E91C3264BEA98CCACF25C1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F5E807138E91C3264BEA98CCACF25C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5E807138E91C3264BEA98CCACF25C1" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" scope_family="Geometridae" scope_subFamily="Ennominae">
|
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<subSubSection id="346125E963849C08E91FF8DA42669FA1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7734EE42F12549BFDB362BA3E9B528B0" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="1379BD35AE1B1F7CEAFACEB1D500EDF3" ID-CoL="97N2G" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Neotherina_callas" authority="Druce, 1892" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina callas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callas">Neotherina callas (Druce, 1892)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 2a, 2b35a, 5b, 5d
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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||||
<subSubSection id="AA17ABD241C768ABD69162249A3FAD87" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
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||||
<paragraph id="A3190DE943E1076AC9BEA80CE639A721" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F4F07B2345B1225076E6A33D71001FA" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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This moderately common species is found at altitudes between 1100 and 2800 meters throughout Costa Rica. The forewing appears to be truncated at the tip because there are well-developed extensions of vein M3 in both wings; Females are noticeably larger than males. Adults of this and the following species are shown in Fig. 2. The female genitalia were figured by
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<bibRefCitation author="Pitkin, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="121 - 401" title="Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." url="doi: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.01200.x" volume="135" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8F90462D2BEEC414D0B9B4AA5DEDDAB0" author="Pitkin, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="121 - 401" title="Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)." url="doi: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.01200.x" volume="135" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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and are shown in Figs 3c, 5a, 5b. There is a well-defined collar on the ductus and a distinctive signum on the bursa. The male genitalia (Figs 3a, 3b, 5d) are typical for the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="tribe" tribe="Ourapterygini">Ourapterygini</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="AB306097A33458A1EA8AFA005B2D1313" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="tribe" tribe="Ourapterygini">Ourapterygini</taxonomicName>
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in having a well-developed furca, but have few other distinguishing characters for tribal classification.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="C3C29FD25F354DA1EA369016175DF668" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1BCCB3E5CC1EE0DA1F8D49883CF2AF7E" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75750489BB3045E7615C78A4E7ADAD92" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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This species is unlikely to be confused with any other species in Costa Rica except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="8E1C89D5B8E451674165E9019EBE5514" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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because of the characteristic wing shape. The wings are diaphanous and overlaid by a distinct pattern seen only in this species and in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="FBEC59F3703C96876CCC9C9F4E8C9930" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 2). It can be separated from the latter by the darker more grayish color and its smaller size, with a male forewing length of 18.95 mm (18-22 mm; n = 64) compared to 22.03 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="D26358F1D05533D93DF3599C97425B38" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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; females average 21.64 mm (range 19-24 mm; n = 64) versus 23.15 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="B2CBB7A0E91FCC88C4D055870500ACD9" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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. Genitalic differences are given under the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="2DA22E8DB4526AD5CAB28B3806CB522B" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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diagnosis.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<caption id="9A0422073F9448F196808849B92D2092" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph id="C7FA1C40ECD4BD2A7663BF1DD988176E" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Figure 2. Comparison of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina callas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callas">Neotherina callas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="32C34A7EBDD7C66553EEAA7A77204FA9" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina callas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callas">Neotherina callas</taxonomicName>
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male 2a and female 2b and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="9818EA60DFFAF5F3D7B54FBA36D61F13" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina xanthosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthosa">Neotherina xanthosa</taxonomicName>
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male 2c and female (2d) adults.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<caption id="1954D438ED2AB3B8E153EC8F3E9B0C90" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph id="4BA18F79970E19A758F1DD5A1D8E721F" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina callas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callas">Neotherina callas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="DC0D9E3AB164E38E9F33091945DDE9B2" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neotherina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotherina callas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callas">Neotherina callas</taxonomicName>
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male 3a,b and female 3c genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="AC9AECCBD095303C20A35FE3ED48E1DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph id="8F3D925CF17910F4D18B38FE696BF755" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03D54FBFDF54243B97459D8A5CAAF042" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Nothing is known about the life history of this species. There are over 100 specimens in collections (INBio, USNM, JBS) and it occurs throughout Costa Rica at altitudes between 1100 m and 2800 m along all slopes. At higher altitudes the specimens are larger (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Sullivan, JB" journalOrPublisher="Journal Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="72 - 77" title="Intraspecific body size variation in macrolepidoptera as related to altitude of capture site and seasonal generation." volume="61" year="2008">Sullivan and Miller 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9E11793A4D02B8F5E3FCCCB548DF766C" author="Sullivan, JB" journalOrPublisher="Journal Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" pagination="72 - 77" title="Intraspecific body size variation in macrolepidoptera as related to altitude of capture site and seasonal generation." volume="61" year="2008">Sullivan and Miller 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
|
|
|
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