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data/72/06/B7/7206B76E3B12C534308DFF11E3F0FA2A.xml
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@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Ahyong
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<mods:identifier id="2123F86EBC04B7BCD07CF255B430E037" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-150-347</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7215A60395882DA2C6C6F2E5772A8BAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7215A60395882DA2C6C6F2E5772A8BAD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="358" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Empria_plana" authority="Jakowlew, 1891" authorityName="Jakowlew" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana (Jakowlew, 1891)</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="7215A60395882DA2C6C6F2E5772A8BAD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7215A60395882DA2C6C6F2E5772A8BAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7215A60395882DA2C6C6F2E5772A8BAD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" scope_family="Tenthredinidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="F88D7057F6F1139CFB9009B11CE1DA43" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A6016C94E9C5CEAD5DCDB5ECAF6A60B0" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="08B96261901EF3DC18B18C7AA4B7EE5F" ID-CoL="8N7KL" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Empria_plana" authority="Jakowlew, 1891" authorityName="Jakowlew" authorityYear="1891" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria plana" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana (Jakowlew, 1891)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="358" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Poecilostoma">Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="86E837F7327B12BA0D25D5E544B1EC83" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9C882C6644B6D6D94B8C4B49DD8503D2" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="2D465200096CA97FC346145E771D41C6" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Poecilostoma">Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida</taxonomicName>
Erichson in:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ménétriés">Menetries</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2C7B18EB2039709913CBCD0D6161AE2F" originalValue="Ménétriés">Menetries</normalizedToken>
in: Middendorff, 1851: 60-61. Primary homonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Tenthredo) hybrida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Tenthredo">Tenthredo (Tenthredo) hybrida</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1831E263DECB2DDE1974488E9A3D3089" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo (Tenthredo) hybrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Tenthredo">Tenthredo (Tenthredo) hybrida</taxonomicName>
Eversmann, 1847. Type locality: Udskoj Ostrog [Russia, Khabarovsk Krai, Udskoe]. Lectotype (here designated) female, ZISP. Labelled: &quot;Poecilostoma hybrida* Erichs. Midd. R.&quot; [pale, handwritten], &quot;Lectotypus ♀
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Poecilostoma">Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="69C113766A48BB65B130BE9893167CED" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Poecilostoma">Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida</taxonomicName>
Erichson, 1851 design.: M.Prous &amp; M.Heidemaa 2011&quot; [red, printed], &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="634DBBA5601AF6090E56ACB7AFBA1F3E" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria plana" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
(Jakovlev 1891) det. M.Prous 2008&quot; [white, printed].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Poecilosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilosoma plana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Poecilosoma plana</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="8A76C1375DE74EE5CACDE2604447A2EF" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="A58241AD0DA42A2CA33B288F49BDEA12" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Poecilosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilosoma plana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Poecilosoma plana</taxonomicName>
Jakowlew, 1891: 31. Type locality: Russia, Irkutsk. Holotype female, ZISP [examined].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria itelmena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itelmena">Empria itelmena</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="C9AE9E4205B0A772603195ACAC9809AD" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="E073DA781B1C4944A0CCE204A0091BDD" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria itelmena" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="itelmena">Empria itelmena</taxonomicName>
Malaise, 1931: 23, syn. n. Type locality: Kamtschatka, E[lisowo] [Russia, Kamchatka Krai]. Lectotype (here designated) female, NHRS. Labelled: &quot;Kamtschatka Malaise&quot;, &quot;E&quot;, &quot;Typus&quot;, &quot;Lectotypus ♀
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria itelmena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itelmena">Empria itelmena</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="48C3F9B61B28F918CBC709D48AF624CE" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria itelmena" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="itelmena">Empria itelmena</taxonomicName>
Malaise, 1931 design.: M. Prous &amp; M. Heidemaa 2011&quot; [red, printed], &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="792F490120F62490AC00C9E763A76789" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria plana" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
(Jakovlev 1891) det. M.Prous 2009&quot; [white, printed].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria erichsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsoni">Empria erichsoni</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="C80FC1C5FC74F1117D79C3CF8F20C796" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="BE94F2B35F71C2AE6FC256A49939146D" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria erichsoni" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="erichsoni">Empria erichsoni</taxonomicName>
Liston, 1995: 241. New name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Poecilostoma">Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9BD31BB3C5ED9363E2DE796A5A695BC4" genus="Tenthredo" lsidName="Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Poecilostoma">Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida</taxonomicName>
Erichson, 1851.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" type="taxonomic affinities">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="358">Taxonomic affinities.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
<subSubSection id="ECBF69E94E9FD7B0E39C23F9603E9FA5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" type="taxonomic affinities">
<paragraph id="5E2080D0F8A3ED76AC5F1385AD8D8D66" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">Taxonomic affinities.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D73BD67FB6F523B2F60F7B4275C126A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
Morphologically the closest species is
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DDC6E0712DE81DB1EF62554A4373EBBA" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria immersa" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
(Klug, 1818), from which
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="15840CCFB1BA7D9FABD6AB6BCDAE8D72" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria plana" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by differences in the structure of serrulae (Fig. 17; http://www.morphbank.net/?id=694567) and penis valves (Fig. 28; http://www.morphbank.net/?id=578888). Externally, the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CA3846E757DC3014A579A869D8F9FF03" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria plana" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
specimens from mainland Asia differ clearly from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1F40E222734A38F280627B3531088945" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria immersa" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
also by their pale clypeus (black in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9C79897F0EF64FCF08868E51E1BF5364" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria immersa" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
)
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="359" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="A1DAD037BBE5C3275DAE3967A9494B99" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
which is, however, only partly pale or nearly black in Japanese specimens. In this regard, some disagreements concerning the taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3D0777776C8DCDE04BE5366969F0F8BD" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria plana" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
should also be noted. Some authors treat this taxon either as a geographical form, or as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C5D5D63212579C2AD556E74BF09C11AB" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria immersa" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Verzhutskii, BN" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Moskva" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" title="Pilil'shhiki Pribajkal'ja." year="1966">Verzhutskii 1966</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="E6C30FFBF2647CAA329DB94EA50EF77F" author="Verzhutskii, BN" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Moskva" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" title="Pilil'shhiki Pribajkal'ja." year="1966">Verzhutskii 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Zhelochovtsev, AN" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe obozrenie" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="357 - 379" title="A list of the sawflies and horntails (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent territories. II." volume="75" year="1996">Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev 1996</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F66A0803E67CFAFDCE9232DEF8CA6F9A" author="Zhelochovtsev, AN" journalOrPublisher="Entomologicheskoe obozrenie" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="357 - 379" title="A list of the sawflies and horntails (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent territories. II." volume="75" year="1996">Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev 1996</bibRefCitation>
), but
<bibRefCitation author="Lindqvist, E" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Entomologicae" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="65 - 77" title="Zur Nomenklatur und Taxonomie einiger Blattwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="52" year="1972">Lindqvist (1972)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C6DC3D1DFF34E09002817909A9B93A8C" author="Lindqvist, E" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Entomologicae" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="65 - 77" title="Zur Nomenklatur und Taxonomie einiger Blattwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="52" year="1972">Lindqvist (1972)</bibRefCitation>
argues that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4FF8FBDE3C4958CC97DE59842D7E64C1" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria plana" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="plana">Empria plana</taxonomicName>
(under the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria hybrida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida">Empria hybrida</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D9B793CF5031B59154622649DA7B6E0F" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria hybrida" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="hybrida">Empria hybrida</taxonomicName>
Erichson, 1851) is a separate species (followed also by
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Taeger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8B687CB4A3D9910C15A6EFC7A392A510" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Taeger et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Because of the above mentioned differences between these two taxa, we concur with
<bibRefCitation author="Lindqvist, E" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Entomologicae" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="65 - 77" title="Zur Nomenklatur und Taxonomie einiger Blattwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="52" year="1972">Lindqvist (1972)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="84DE98E10F9C49DD4130EAA27B915354" author="Lindqvist, E" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Entomologicae" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="65 - 77" title="Zur Nomenklatur und Taxonomie einiger Blattwespen (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="52" year="1972">Lindqvist (1972)</bibRefCitation>
in treating them as distinct species. Such conclusion is supported also by current nuclear sequence data (Fig. 38).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="359" type="host plants">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
<subSubSection id="E69B01AEFE7216928DEF0E0FB5599766" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" type="host plants">
<paragraph id="6DE40AF4F0482D746C2F37BFF5B609A4" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89D26AA69096BDAE9101625C8BE988EC" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
Possibly
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0E52B17AD624B6BE6A17BBA345ECCC1F" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
sp., see Verzhutskii (1966; 1981)under the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EA1981A4E1059B467F11A70215639570" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria immersa" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="immersa">Empria immersa</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="359" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="359">East Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Mongolia, and Russia (Amur Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
<subSubSection id="849130AD8BC5DC250544F9DF1A47A495" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A8B2C154E4CC78EE2AEDFE5FE840C4BC" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21D5628B04F4E2AEDEDE09CF1BB69362" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">East Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Mongolia, and Russia (Amur Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai).</paragraph>
<caption id="6F7BE083F8515E0519A1B3999397DCF2" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
<paragraph id="3504B4CEAE336196ED04F9D1E4CDAC44" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
Figures 31-36. Penis valves of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4A5DA2962555ADCBDF26E054DC6C69E6" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
. 31
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria honshuana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="honshuana">Empria honshuana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="92A30BE649481AE955F257802591A83B" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria honshuana" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="honshuana">Empria honshuana</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype (NSMT200) 32
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FDB36D0736075A7D180C777367F77976" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
liturata (USNM2051678_051) 33
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="59BDAAF5D6CB291C28335CEF743F6C5C" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
loktini (NSMT105) 34
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria tridens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens">Empria tridens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D9B521DF1508AD71801E34C852EE8CE7" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria tridens" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="tridens">Empria tridens</taxonomicName>
(USNM2051678_024) 35
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria japonica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Empria japonica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="75D0A0C80CAA01AA6FC242E34B1805B2" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria japonica" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="japonica">Empria japonica</taxonomicName>
, paratype (NSMT009) 36
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8AE0BF2DFA78242DA614F1D635CE3F3E" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="genus">Empria</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (USNM2051678_040). The arrowheads illustrate the different position of valvular duct (upper right arrowhead) relative to the dorsal rim of valvura (lower left arrowhead) in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria loktini" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loktini">Empria loktini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5DB539D0D9B7CCAB283B380CB32B9A11" genus="Empria" lsidName="Empria loktini" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" rank="species" species="loktini">Empria loktini</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 33) and other species of longicornis-group (Fig. 34).
</paragraph>
</caption>

182
data/72/1D/B5/721DB59E6F34503BB17020E96BFFC3FE.xml
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@ -1,151 +1,151 @@
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Subspecies.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authority="minutus" family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. (B.) minutus subsp. minutus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subGenus="B." subSpecies="minutus">B. (B.) minutus minutus</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="22D881A7F8FDB63F6EBCC17794917BC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Subspecies.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="BAC6BA8C7D988C53AA1A7118149ADAB9" authority="minutus" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. (B.) minutus subsp. minutus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subGenus="B." subSpecies="minutus">B. (B.) minutus minutus</taxonomicName>
(Claus, 1863),
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<taxonomicName id="081F86C7DCAA41DEC63CFC2616DA6C5B" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. (B.) minutus subsp. schizodon" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subGenus="B." subSpecies="schizodon">B. (B.) minutus schizodon</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mrázek">Mrazek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F57FBC86F184D490B67BF8B118831487" originalValue="Mrázek">Mrazek</normalizedToken>
, 1893).
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Nomen dubium.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<paragraph id="01AFA1C63A1DD20C71140A67AFAC8C28" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Nomen dubium.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5EDAF18046482251BC247E958C957B8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="4A1F9394A8E7212E4FD2C05D40F99817" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. (B.) minnesotensis" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotensis" subGenus="B.">B. (B.) minnesotensis</taxonomicName>
(Herrick, 1884).
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Claus" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryocamptus (B.) minutus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus" subGenus="B.">Bryocamptus (B.) minutus</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="41D66BEFB918E9EA86AE361C4F090945" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="438D5E1BDA61C1FFDA3AB02D826F403C" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="76E90B1E9133180B91E5B295FD3FBC41" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="864D5628F877E39592C0FAAEB1AC7EF2" baseAuthorityName="Claus" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryocamptus (B.) minutus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus" subGenus="B.">Bryocamptus (B.) minutus</taxonomicName>
is a taxonomically rather complex species due to a rather long history of study and wide distribution. According to Article 45.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a number of forms of this species must be treated as separate subspecies (ICZN 1999). However, in the case of
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. (B.) minutus subsp. vejdovskyiformis" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subGenus="B." subSpecies="vejdovskyiformis">B. (B.) minutus vejdovskyiformis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="00BB42596DC6F87B25D11EDBF1EF311D" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. (B.) minutus subsp. vejdovskyiformis" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subGenus="B." subSpecies="vejdovskyiformis">B. (B.) minutus vejdovskyiformis</taxonomicName>
Thallwitz, 1916, this is probably a form that does not have subspecies status and is either an aberrant specimen(s) or simply variability (
<bibRefCitation author="Thallwitz, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B42" refString="Thallwitz, J, 1916. Ueber Dimorphismus des Maennchen bei einem Suesswasserharpacticiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 46: 238." title="Ueber Dimorphismus des Maennchen bei einem Suesswasserharpacticiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 46: 238." year="1916">Thallwitz 1916</bibRefCitation>
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). Simple dentiform and bifid spinules are also found in other related species, both within the same population and in one individual. This has been described in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. hutchinsoni</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C82352EB7F9CFECE7664AAD0E4D90BBB" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. hutchinsoni" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hutchinsoni">
<emphasis id="01A2E2DA011FD6A1CEB2B29D1367CE00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. hutchinsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kiefer, 1929 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" author="Wilson, MS" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="290 - 307" refId="B45" refString="Wilson, MS, 1956. North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 75 (3): 290 - 307, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" title="North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" volume="75" year="1956">Wilson 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F7145F3479416C849A53590DE9E04B37" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" author="Wilson, MS" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="290 - 307" refId="B45" refString="Wilson, MS, 1956. North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 75 (3): 290 - 307, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" title="North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" volume="75" year="1956">Wilson 1956</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. vejdovskyi" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="vejdovskyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. vejdovskyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1683306F972B471BDA87F8C75619BA89" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. vejdovskyi" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vejdovskyi">
<emphasis id="67611C5108D807B94AECE72431876A7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. vejdovskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mrázek">Mrazek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8B18DBC4263AF3917962C9430F4084D8" originalValue="Mrázek">Mrazek</normalizedToken>
, 1893) (
<bibRefCitation author="Reed, EB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="341 - 349" refId="B37" refString="Reed, EB, 1990. Tachidius incisipes Klie and other harpacticoids from northwestern Canada (Crustacea: Copepoda). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103: 341 - 349" title="Tachidius incisipes Klie and other harpacticoids from northwestern Canada (Crustacea: Copepoda)." volume="103" year="1990">Reed 1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="AC1C7986A11A034E8A0A78870776C34B" author="Reed, EB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="341 - 349" refId="B37" refString="Reed, EB, 1990. Tachidius incisipes Klie and other harpacticoids from northwestern Canada (Crustacea: Copepoda). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103: 341 - 349" title="Tachidius incisipes Klie and other harpacticoids from northwestern Canada (Crustacea: Copepoda)." volume="103" year="1990">Reed 1990</bibRefCitation>
) and also in
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. putoranus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="putoranus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. putoranus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84353B077121EF46E9B74D58A3985A89" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. putoranus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putoranus">
<emphasis id="87A876E8A0711E7A0A542D3237C813A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. putoranus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (in this article).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph id="60EC7DC6B8E30759D441941F9FBC2FF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
A number of authors noted variability in the number of outer spines on the third exopodal segment of P4, which was the reason for
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="74BD70E08223A7FE8A283AB23AE0CDDE" originalValue="Lang’s">Lang's</normalizedToken>
description of the forms:
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" form="typica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. f." order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="form" species="minutus" subSpecies="f.">B. minutus f. typica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E26727CE7316551345B486FE8E639D94" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" form="typica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. f." order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="minutus" subSpecies="f.">B. minutus f. typica</taxonomicName>
Lang, 1957 and
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" form="bispinosa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. f." order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="form" species="minutus" subSpecies="f.">B. minutus f. bispinosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6A4AC6F5BDE8C785BC5C845B1147CFCC" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" form="bispinosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. f." order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="minutus" subSpecies="f.">B. minutus f. bispinosa</taxonomicName>
Lang, 1957 (
<bibRefCitation author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="45 - 51" refId="B28" refString="Lang, K, 1957. Harpacticoiden aus der asiatischen Tuerkei. Arkiv foer Zoologi 11: 45 - 51" title="Harpacticoiden aus der asiatischen Tuerkei." volume="11" year="1957">Lang 1957</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3810B6273137C36F9429D4BF2723BC31" author="Lang, K" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="45 - 51" refId="B28" refString="Lang, K, 1957. Harpacticoiden aus der asiatischen Tuerkei. Arkiv foer Zoologi 11: 45 - 51" title="Harpacticoiden aus der asiatischen Tuerkei." volume="11" year="1957">Lang 1957</bibRefCitation>
). We suggest that these forms do not have a taxonomic rank, since such variability is common for this group of species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph id="D27479DE63588DD38B4906F50CBE7F41" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Another form of
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" form="simplicidentata" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. f." order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="form" species="minutus" subSpecies="f.">B. minutus f. simplicidentata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3CBEE3CF06B802E70C3C9BA4B467AC96" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" form="simplicidentata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. f." order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="minutus" subSpecies="f.">B. minutus f. simplicidentata</taxonomicName>
(Willey, 1934) has been synonymized with
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. hutchinsoni" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="hutchinsoni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. hutchinsoni</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AC9E7F6617326F5C6342BB48A4A43D2" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. hutchinsoni" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hutchinsoni">
<emphasis id="979C397F150D3FCCD8EB8DBAE793D5F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. hutchinsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on structure of caudal rami (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" author="Wilson, MS" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="290 - 307" refId="B45" refString="Wilson, MS, 1956. North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 75 (3): 290 - 307, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" title="North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" volume="75" year="1956">Wilson 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FB65102B2890DCBBE4AA18746878BB82" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" author="Wilson, MS" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="290 - 307" refId="B45" refString="Wilson, MS, 1956. North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 75 (3): 290 - 307, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" title="North American harpacticoid Copepods: 1. Comments on the known fresh-water species of the Canthocamptidae. 2. Cantohocamptus oregonensis, n. sp. from Oregon and California." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3223958" volume="75" year="1956">Wilson 1956</bibRefCitation>
) but although figuring mistakenly and without literature support as valid in WORMS database (
<bibRefCitation author="Walter, TC" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=606654" refId="B44" refString="Walter, TC, Boxshall, GA, 2021. The World of Copepods - Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus simplicidentata (Willey, 1934). https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=606654" title="The World of Copepods - Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus simplicidentata (Willey, 1934)." url="https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=606654" year="2021">Walter and Boxshall 2021</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D50AEB63287F34937432B958469D0567" author="Walter, TC" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=606654" refId="B44" refString="Walter, TC, Boxshall, GA, 2021. The World of Copepods - Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus simplicidentata (Willey, 1934). https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=606654" title="The World of Copepods - Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus simplicidentata (Willey, 1934)." url="https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=606654" year="2021">Walter and Boxshall 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph id="591A95113482641D503343A831435714" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
A rather interesting finding is described from the Iberian Peninsula as
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. minutus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="645F7D8FDBDBE43A67DA9CC285C942BF" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B3026A792E7D8D6D7636326B0AB49942" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009X404761" author="Caramujo, M-J" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="385 - 409" refId="B7" refString="Caramujo, M-J, Boavida, M-J, 2009. The practical identification of harpacticoids (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in inland waters of Central Portugal for applied studies. Crustaceana 82 (4): 385 - 409, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009X404761" title="The practical identification of harpacticoids (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in inland waters of Central Portugal for applied studies." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009X404761" volume="82" year="2009">Caramujo and Boavida 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="589CB96A30B77B983B169071E83509AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009X404761" author="Caramujo, M-J" journalOrPublisher="Crustaceana" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="385 - 409" refId="B7" refString="Caramujo, M-J, Boavida, M-J, 2009. The practical identification of harpacticoids (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in inland waters of Central Portugal for applied studies. Crustaceana 82 (4): 385 - 409, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009X404761" title="The practical identification of harpacticoids (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in inland waters of Central Portugal for applied studies." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009X404761" volume="82" year="2009">Caramujo and Boavida 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the depicted limbs, it can be assumed that this is either
<taxonomicName family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. schizodon" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="schizodon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. minutus schizodon</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8D83105AB4655E6798459C7601CC50A" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. schizodon" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="schizodon">
<emphasis id="9D38D96389CD9DE2DB3A81A4DA585124" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. minutus schizodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a separate species. It differs from
<taxonomicName authority="minutus" family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. minutus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="minutus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. minutus minutus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7738F72CD87E48026FE43362599C4B7E" authority="minutus" class="Copepoda" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. minutus subsp. minutus" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minutus" subSpecies="minutus">
<emphasis id="0E7CEE04E44B382A8C45FB113C54962B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B. minutus minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the two-segmented endopod P2, short bifid spinules on the anal operculum, and slight displacement of the caudal setae to the ventral side of caudal rami. In general, these characters are already enough to distinguish a separate species.
</paragraph>

244
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@ -1,193 +1,193 @@
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, CZ- 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 4. H- 9945 Sopron, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="D32D07194C98C980F6CD3F0F5312D85F">Safian, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Delabye, Sylvain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ- 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, CZ- 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A31EBF197A27FEFBB671E10B94E3EFBC">Delabye, Sylvain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="73DA27E482F20935FD8BB223F5FAFB86">Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ- 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, CZ- 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Streltzov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 48, Moika Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 191186, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="0E5AD5499C5E65CA6DC65C7FF4980DE4">Streltzov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="110317DCAE19E75D31FBB0A2A0F22767">Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 48, Moika Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 191186, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Tropek, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ- 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ- 12844 Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">robert.tropek@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:namePart id="85A74F8513B7BFACEC695C52A5A3AD79">Tropek, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D8C9421A3BD50CD55A3AD90077C2497F">Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ- 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ- 12844 Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164248530" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2CCDE55D-7D9C-413C-A5B0-42833DE8F770" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/721E1EED8A3B50CE8B9CA6554BB72D8C" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="721E1EED-8A3B-50CE-8B9C-A6554BB72D8C" authority="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityName="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Alucitidae" genus="Alucita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alucita tatjana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatjana" status="sp. nov.">Alucita tatjana Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9, 10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9, 10. Alucita tatjana Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich, sp. nov. 9 adult female, Holotype, NEJCU 10 female genitalia, Holotype, preparation slide no. 201904. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures9-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figs 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9, 10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9, 10. Alucita tatjana Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich, sp. nov. 9 adult female, Holotype, NEJCU 10 female genitalia, Holotype, preparation slide no. 201904. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures9-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 10</figureCitation>
<treatment id="721E1EED8A3B50CE8B9CA6554BB72D8C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164248530" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2CCDE55D-7D9C-413C-A5B0-42833DE8F770" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/721E1EED8A3B50CE8B9CA6554BB72D8C" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" scope_family="Alucitidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
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<paragraph id="F1DE2CA094007EDE985F38F2F966B682" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="E4C6DB1F0ADE4EB792C789B5ABE49FEF" ID-CoL="65XG4" LSID="721E1EED-8A3B-50CE-8B9C-A6554BB72D8C" authority="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityName="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Alucitidae" genus="Alucita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alucita tatjana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatjana" status="sp. nov.">Alucita tatjana Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15298F8BFDF2EE7F7A23E0EA0C6DABDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="96AC7996A06A527009841CA6C8865AA1" captionStart="Figures 9, 10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9, 10. Alucita tatjana Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich, sp. nov. 9 adult female, Holotype, NEJCU 10 female genitalia, Holotype, preparation slide no. 201904. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures9-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Holotype</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="6AE041028DA390FDFDFFDC234F33F303" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type material">
<paragraph id="28BDFD94828248CB60E57F8A43F525E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19B601032D85D9899D99038DA2463897" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="4CE7FD2685D03A49BA227D54FCD3FDE1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Holotype</emphasis>
• female, (NECJU 201904) Cameroon, PlanteCam, 1100 m a.s.l., Mount Cameroon (SW slope),
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.1175" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.1175">4.1175°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="14E03C6EDD53E0B58FFC22476BAF72E5" degrees="4.1175" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.1175">4.1175°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.0709" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="9.0709">9.0709°E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EC22C8794D1BE3B25B5A7EB1CF29D40D" degrees="9.0709" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="9.0709">9.0709°E</geoCoordinate>
, 09-14.IV.2015, V. Maicher, Sz.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sáfián">Safian</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A416F00D8DE70EEE61B15346071EBC51" originalValue="Sáfián">Safian</normalizedToken>
, S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Janeček">Janecek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3DBECCCF058CBC65F46F8160398AA3B0" originalValue="Janeček">Janecek</normalizedToken>
, R. Tropek;
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="927F77776070D0A61EA007E7840D36A1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratype</emphasis>
• 1 female, (CUK), Ekonjo, 1150 m a.s.l., Mount Cameroon (S slope),
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0881" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.0881">4.0881°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A5209546900FCD0F6D10217F6E76A911" degrees="4.0881" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.0881">4.0881°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.1168" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="9.1168">9.1168°E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="55B061D8DE265B80C6E05F75F200F285" degrees="9.1168" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="9.1168">9.1168°E</geoCoordinate>
, 24.X.2017, lgt. V. Maicher, P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potocký">Potocky</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F64A0E180A2F4420965F7EB1DC65E28F" originalValue="Potocký">Potocky</normalizedToken>
, S. Delabye.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="A412012EC92D45BA75BE75436D663047" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AC1219D220DD54C5595856EE1C531FF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41B560A9A4881F3742CC897A563E4410" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The new species resembles
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Alucitidae" genus="Alucita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alucita mischenini" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mischenini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Alucita mischenini</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FEF915DC3EB2C5511A74FFB098431361" authorityName="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Alucitidae" genus="Alucita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alucita mischenini" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mischenini">
<emphasis id="2E84C98A376B646DDA5388B65F5329AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Alucita mischenini</emphasis>
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Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich, 2018 in the light colour of its wings and the wide medial band, but it differs in its larger size (21 mm vs. 12-15 mm wingspan). Additionally, the position and shape of dark markings in the basal and distal portions of the wings differentiates
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tatjana" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. tatjana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="83300E32F5E6D2FE7D63DC6CFF4D8949" lsidName="A. tatjana" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis id="EBDB3069C1EAC49D5B0666A2F1BEABEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. tatjana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mischenini" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mischenini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. mischenini</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3532A1E200D1C9276984D9851502EE76" lsidName="A. mischenini" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mischenini">
<emphasis id="B78C73876BAC5348E876BA0224A9D899" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. mischenini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whose forewings bear extensive brown areas in in the basal portions and almost continuous dark brown marks covering the distal halves of the first two forewing lobes (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24729" author="Ustjuzhanin, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="119 - 139" refId="B13" refString="Ustjuzhanin, P, Kovtunovich, V, Safian, Sz, Maicher, V, Tropek, R, 2018. A newly discovered biodiversity hotspot of many-plumed moths in the Mount Cameroon area: first report on species diversity, with description of nine new species (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae). ZooKeys 777: 119 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24729" title="A newly discovered biodiversity hotspot of many-plumed moths in the Mount Cameroon area: first report on species diversity, with description of nine new species (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24729" volume="777" year="2018">Ustjuzhanin et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F6222BBBFA9757664C1B39445FB225D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24729" author="Ustjuzhanin, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="119 - 139" refId="B13" refString="Ustjuzhanin, P, Kovtunovich, V, Safian, Sz, Maicher, V, Tropek, R, 2018. A newly discovered biodiversity hotspot of many-plumed moths in the Mount Cameroon area: first report on species diversity, with description of nine new species (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae). ZooKeys 777: 119 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24729" title="A newly discovered biodiversity hotspot of many-plumed moths in the Mount Cameroon area: first report on species diversity, with description of nine new species (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.777.24729" volume="777" year="2018">Ustjuzhanin et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, forewings of the new species differ from
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mischenini" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mischenini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. mischenini</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="901A276008BDD6C748FF0CD2E52EFE9B" lsidName="A. mischenini" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mischenini">
<emphasis id="D332846F6CB2FE2F4FC791977BE07E3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. mischenini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the continuation of the brown medial band through most of the length of the second forewing lobe. In female genitalia,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tatjana" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. tatjana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="272268D3EC018278B13CB9C77A31DF9A" lsidName="A. tatjana" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis id="31AAC7F19A95DA09A23CF8AA0EA7EF94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. tatjana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. compsoxantha" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="compsoxantha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. compsoxantha</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F47B78A8B2725789F33DFB0007680EC1" lsidName="A. compsoxantha" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="compsoxantha">
<emphasis id="A4E2C8D5ECF31CCC0C3F02198D8B52A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. compsoxantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, 1924 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Comparative illustrations of other Alucita species mentioned in the new species' diagnoses 19 A. balioxantha (Meyrick, 1921), type, male genitalia 20 A. tesserata (Meyrick, 1918), type, male genitalia 21 A. rhaptica (Meyrick, 1920), female genitalia 22 A. compsoxantha (Meyrick, 1924), type, female genitalia 23 A. chloracta (Meyrick, 1908), type, adult female 24 A. chloracta, type, female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412539" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F77A22A14A48D643079DDF6E7072AFAB" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Comparative illustrations of other Alucita species mentioned in the new species' diagnoses 19 A. balioxantha (Meyrick, 1921), type, male genitalia 20 A. tesserata (Meyrick, 1918), type, male genitalia 21 A. rhaptica (Meyrick, 1920), female genitalia 22 A. compsoxantha (Meyrick, 1924), type, female genitalia 23 A. chloracta (Meyrick, 1908), type, adult female 24 A. chloracta, type, female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412539" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">22</figureCitation>
), especially in the shape of the antrum and the absence of any signa in the bursa copulatrix. However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tatjana" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. tatjana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DD04628BB171BEE8A1529CD96EFE7229" lsidName="A. tatjana" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis id="AB59F2A8385C77CE51912B85CC44E354" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. tatjana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in its shorter and wider ductus and substantially shorter anterior and posterior apophyses. These species also differ in the colouration of their wings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">External characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="EEBC134B3BD7662F297AB55661B9E558" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="87C8CC610E0B3B2A0F724149B4F2FB33" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">External characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99C07DEEC4EB0FFF05463CB3C18DCD05" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Wingspan 21 mm. Head, thorax and tegulae with appressed white scales. Labial palpus twice as long as longitudinal eye diameter, white, with a brown band of the third segment, thin, apically tapered, sharp. Antenna white. Scape extended and flattened. Wings white with well-expressed wide median band, brown on forewing and almost black on hindwing. Subterminal band narrower, consisting of brown spots of scales, intermittently traced throughout all lobes. First forewing lobe apically brown. Second forewing lobe with brown colouration continuous between median band and subterminal band. Forewing basally white with well-expressed dark brown fringes near the base of the cleft between the second and third lobes. Hindwing basally white with scattered dark brown scales and a prominent dark brown marking across base of second to sixth lobes. Hind leg pale yellow (although not so apparent in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9, 10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9, 10. Alucita tatjana Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich, sp. nov. 9 adult female, Holotype, NEJCU 10 female genitalia, Holotype, preparation slide no. 201904. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures9-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="574C8604367A1F6BABE7BB40C8B64F35" captionStart="Figures 9, 10" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 9, 10. Alucita tatjana Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich, sp. nov. 9 adult female, Holotype, NEJCU 10 female genitalia, Holotype, preparation slide no. 201904. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures9-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures9-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figures 9, 10" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figures 9, 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Alucitidae" genus="Alucita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alucita tatjana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Alucita tatjana</emphasis>
<caption id="65FC66E299F519A5FA401058854A83F3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.935.49843.figures9-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412535" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figures 9, 10" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="A93B94C142A1C079BD527C87E3B61284" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="34999A4C3DEC89F0178DC0F5A36825C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figures 9, 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11D034EE74F94A2F7BFB83655FA08430" authorityName="Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Alucitidae" genus="Alucita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alucita tatjana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatjana">
<emphasis id="AA5E1AF163CDBF59A531E7C22E609C35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Alucita tatjana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ustjuzhanin &amp; Kovtunovich, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">9</emphasis>
<emphasis id="309847EFB139BC9C85E3F0F5801B7C77" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">9</emphasis>
adult female, Holotype, NEJCU
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">10</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DD9F646EED79C85F4544479707CCF64C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">10</emphasis>
female genitalia, Holotype, preparation slide no. 201904. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="female genitalia">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Female genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Papilla analis narrow, elongated. Posterior and anterior apophyses thick, straight. Anterior apophyses equal in length to posterior apophyses. Antrum wide, goblet-like. Ductus short, expanded in median part around junction with ductus seminalis, and corrugated at junction with bursa copulatrix. Bursa copulatrix small, oval, without signa.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="257A24CC5030E8AC7D7A6E5D7EF1A003" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="female genitalia">
<paragraph id="45D0725E6FB85D72D4EF8C27D9FBF6BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Female genitalia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD6C765B5F556A124487D99F2CAB7F74" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Papilla analis narrow, elongated. Posterior and anterior apophyses thick, straight. Anterior apophyses equal in length to posterior apophyses. Antrum wide, goblet-like. Ductus short, expanded in median part around junction with ductus seminalis, and corrugated at junction with bursa copulatrix. Bursa copulatrix small, oval, without signa.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Cameroon.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="1EC39E9AFDEF2E702B545844ABF9AF4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F4CD639981D4345B89C35612B7D4A96F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F953A3028095EB4849F34329C38D5C0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Cameroon.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="flight period">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Flight period.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">April, October.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="F2E5C832BB56BCBCC617E90150E0B9C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="flight period">
<paragraph id="5016EA84E9379BF73116A52DF6CA4920" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Flight period.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCBA7F6092A4F3AE20CBE3AE9AB8082A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">April, October.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="FD363C5CD1AB9CE63C97B75597BEAE4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="13284BDA74AE1A4CFE2818BE8CD1AAE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DFA04FF9217AB8885A106D6F03FDB23" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The species is a noun in apposition in honour to Petr
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ustjuzhanin’s">Ustjuzhanin's</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FB9A2A1BB3E0FA6439E76C734FBF5037" originalValue="Ustjuzhanin’s">Ustjuzhanin's</normalizedToken>
sister, Tatjana Ustjuzhanina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

178
data/72/23/A7/7223A7E5F679B0E426335DA8D467E406.xml
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@ -1,138 +1,138 @@
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Figs 12
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Proboloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proboloides porcellanus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellanus">Proboloides porcellanus</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="CC13FD8DD6D14BEEB88D18EA79ACF1C5" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="69AD42229122D83AC0B0266FA361C8E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="AC8813238F5D2E1CF3A6777C8E22D1AD" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Proboloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proboloides porcellanus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellanus">Proboloides porcellanus</taxonomicName>
KH
<bibRefCitation author="Barnard, KH" journalOrPublisher="Discovery Report" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" title="Amphipoda" volume="5" year="1932">Barnard 1932</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="98EEACC1C61C1DDE493A091D0A6872EB" author="Barnard, KH" journalOrPublisher="Discovery Report" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" title="Amphipoda" volume="5" year="1932">Barnard 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 111-112, fig. 61
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Torometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torometopa porcellana" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellana">Torometopa porcellana</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Barnard, JL" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum, Suppl. 13" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 866" title="The Families and Genera of Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda (Except Marine Gammaroids), Part 1, 2" volume="1 / 2" year="1991">Barnard and Karaman 1991</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="C21F96F1D7658C54CDD587A6BD1F4293" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="43789E1F2F5B2F1575FD5A5B224AD992" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Torometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torometopa porcellana" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellana">Torometopa porcellana</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="9F96A4FAF22A1F192259169DD36C7471" author="Barnard, JL" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum, Suppl. 13" pageId="24" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 866" title="The Families and Genera of Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda (Except Marine Gammaroids), Part 1, 2" volume="1 / 2" year="1991">Barnard and Karaman 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 700
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Material examined:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Type material BMNH.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="EA6DBC55701A7EA2D91867B466943DC6" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="E3512E1314E1AF7879DAB82D7B2B5F7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Material examined:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3EF68300726D680710729C7C96F37F9" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Type material BMNH.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="redescription of type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Redescription of type material:</paragraph>
<subSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="body">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Body</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">smooth. Eyes rounded, large.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C946F4DAED34A9A02F96A8F649A14FFE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="redescription of type material">
<paragraph id="3B84EC9F8BE9C4FB6C512900C7EEEE7E" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Redescription of type material:</paragraph>
<subSection id="F9E68FB234D20480738755A17A016729" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="body">
<paragraph id="0F82F33838799ECC0A3247546B5680E2" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Body</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1609EFBED1F5FE60A992071ED53590F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">smooth. Eyes rounded, large.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="length">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Length:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">5-9 mm.</paragraph>
<subSection id="EB7DBDAA409B962E183FEEFCB7692844" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="length">
<paragraph id="7FD7ECD904F12E76A5AB33DB46A86F07" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Length:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FAAA43B75CF66FC8D17262B05AF8CB1" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">5-9 mm.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="antennae">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Antennae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">A1 less than half of body length, peduncle robust, art 1 length about three times the width; acc. flag. absent, flagellum 6-7 arts. A2 subequal in length to A1, peduncle robust, art 4 &lt;art 5, flagellum about as long as or shorter than peduncle art 5, with 7 arts.</paragraph>
<subSection id="E0AF569122B86B894504F6009E12B86B" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="antennae">
<paragraph id="154E593EB85E17CCC00B07CCCDC0CF7E" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Antennae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC160A225C680783E43626A8FE3E8E8E" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">A1 less than half of body length, peduncle robust, art 1 length about three times the width; acc. flag. absent, flagellum 6-7 arts. A2 subequal in length to A1, peduncle robust, art 4 &lt;art 5, flagellum about as long as or shorter than peduncle art 5, with 7 arts.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="6" pageNumber="17" type="mouthparts">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="17" start="start">Mouthparts</pageBreakToken>
<subSection id="A0297195B55F5004BDC421385A8FCAA2" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" type="mouthparts">
<paragraph id="DFA08D6D13D6E00F32689E1C78D9470A" pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
<pageBreakToken id="4CDBB22071C3C2FB39F334F6ECB4050F" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" start="start">Mouthparts</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">Md palp with 3 arts, art 1 and 2 unusually long, art 3 much shorter than 1/3 length of art 2, with many distal setae. Mx 1, 2 unknown; Mxp IP not fused, 2/3 length of ischium; OP vanishing; dactylus long, subequal to propodus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3FD4AEF43D12C432E17D190B57382A80" pageId="6" pageNumber="17">Md palp with 3 arts, art 1 and 2 unusually long, art 3 much shorter than 1/3 length of art 2, with many distal setae. Mx 1, 2 unknown; Mxp IP not fused, 2/3 length of ischium; OP vanishing; dactylus long, subequal to propodus.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="7" pageNumber="18" type="coxae">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="18" start="start">Coxae</pageBreakToken>
<subSection id="AC52A2422260300A9DF7E26EC9B5DC0C" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" type="coxae">
<paragraph id="521FAAD54CF7AEE5B33B42C69024A875" pageId="7" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken id="9C30E352D0F877B0B488B2A7B84F6191" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" start="start">Coxae</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="18">Cx2 with rounded anterior margin, straight behind, angle rounded without tooth; Cx3 trapezoid-shaped, distally widening, Cx4 not excavated, anterior and posterior margin rounded, about as long as wide.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3B954C134B556AF6378647AEAA48028" pageId="7" pageNumber="18">Cx2 with rounded anterior margin, straight behind, angle rounded without tooth; Cx3 trapezoid-shaped, distally widening, Cx4 not excavated, anterior and posterior margin rounded, about as long as wide.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="gnathopods">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="19" start="start">Gnathopods</pageBreakToken>
<subSection id="8C3DCD1C4E4745A472630A0269C46F9E" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="gnathopods">
<paragraph id="6D8EC6FBEA559240EF40396A4DC45E72" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<pageBreakToken id="C0C6CF55F10ACFF35BEF7EF150207097" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" start="start">Gnathopods</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Gn1, 2 propodi similar in shape, different in size. Gn1 dactylus ordinary; propodus with parallel margins, palm not defined, about twice as long as wide; carpus longer than propodus, subtriangular, longer than wide, proximally wider than distally; merus incipiently chelate; all articles densely beset with setae. Gn2 length of propodus more than 2/3 of Cx2; propodus subelliptical, twice the size of propodus Gn1; hind margin subequal to length of palm which has shallow incisions, palmar corner well defined by small tooth-shaped prolongation but no U-shaped incision. Dactylus same length as palm. Gn2 carpus shorter than wide, cup-shaped, merus not lobate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="652B164CFE491208B9026825BD64709A" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Gn1, 2 propodi similar in shape, different in size. Gn1 dactylus ordinary; propodus with parallel margins, palm not defined, about twice as long as wide; carpus longer than propodus, subtriangular, longer than wide, proximally wider than distally; merus incipiently chelate; all articles densely beset with setae. Gn2 length of propodus more than 2/3 of Cx2; propodus subelliptical, twice the size of propodus Gn1; hind margin subequal to length of palm which has shallow incisions, palmar corner well defined by small tooth-shaped prolongation but no U-shaped incision. Dactylus same length as palm. Gn2 carpus shorter than wide, cup-shaped, merus not lobate.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="peraeopods">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Peraeopods.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">P4 merus anterodistal margin somewhat lengthened. P5 dactylus half length of slim propodus; merus posterodistal margin not reaching half of carpus length, basis rectolinear with short posterodistal lobe. P6 basis hind margin straight, with posterodistal lobe similar to P5, merus posterodistal corner acutely lengthened and somewhat widened, not reaching to half of carpus length. P7 basis proximally widened with lobe, distad narrowing with small posterodistal lobe, hind margin crenulate and excavated; merus lengthened and widened, reaching about half carpus length.</paragraph>
<subSection id="12111819A20A2B1907EE15B261885C9F" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="peraeopods">
<paragraph id="0AA78B01BDF5EED509BA20C783FF6C33" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Peraeopods.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8C0FF64B527B31C3F20E10B487F6BEF" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">P4 merus anterodistal margin somewhat lengthened. P5 dactylus half length of slim propodus; merus posterodistal margin not reaching half of carpus length, basis rectolinear with short posterodistal lobe. P6 basis hind margin straight, with posterodistal lobe similar to P5, merus posterodistal corner acutely lengthened and somewhat widened, not reaching to half of carpus length. P7 basis proximally widened with lobe, distad narrowing with small posterodistal lobe, hind margin crenulate and excavated; merus lengthened and widened, reaching about half carpus length.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="uropods">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Uropods.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">U1 peduncle with many short robust setae, nearly twice as long as subequal rami; U2 peduncle also beset with many small robust setae, longer than longer ramus, rami somewhat unequal; U3 totally unarmed, peduncle longer than ramus, art 1 of ramus longer than art 2.</paragraph>
<subSection id="638BDEE263368D6B6F1A602C09758BF3" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="uropods">
<paragraph id="373FB78D0F5E09A338F188008134FE32" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Uropods.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92BF0032D0EE571C76B35831D6D50191" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">U1 peduncle with many short robust setae, nearly twice as long as subequal rami; U2 peduncle also beset with many small robust setae, longer than longer ramus, rami somewhat unequal; U3 totally unarmed, peduncle longer than ramus, art 1 of ramus longer than art 2.</paragraph>
</subSection>
<subSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="telson">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Telson.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Not reaching end of peduncle U3; less than twice as long as wide; distally tongue-shaped rounded, naked.</paragraph>
<subSection id="302DC2BB19DA291475243091E3CA36DF" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="telson">
<paragraph id="7D73D99F5C90C76846217CE847285C9B" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Telson.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79C4AD6701F70CABB2794F711BA3CE92" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Not reaching end of peduncle U3; less than twice as long as wide; distally tongue-shaped rounded, naked.</paragraph>
</subSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="sexual differences">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Sexual differences.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Small.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="2D099F4824A74E8E9035B6D5653B6650" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="sexual differences">
<paragraph id="1E478DD0C6506D97825ADCC48BA89966" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Sexual differences.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DFC20AC745F8930671C3A267668F280" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Small.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Falkland Islands.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="7968C87790C8150EF9856DD41F954252" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2BD09FABB4134CE56B8E82F0B260255D" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62B49999DD934370FDB3B3CD8A45BB7E" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Falkland Islands.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">From pharynx of a large ascidian.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="09F7AC7E66D509D6D8F3F667A7F5AE5C" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="D4FDE3A8EF42AC59B048DF7870F5E3A1" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B9BD86B0B4F7015BEE91A918CEE7780C" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">From pharynx of a large ascidian.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Malvinometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malvinometopa porcellanus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellanus">Malvinometopa porcellanus</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="92C4C2C70FCD87BD75F569F60396E058" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="8D3283180397D18E35B2CA23C6A84CF1" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47A265411E9938081B69C2758211AD84" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="C713F6D71927D5EC24D33377C22CF15D" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Malvinometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malvinometopa porcellanus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellanus">Malvinometopa porcellanus</taxonomicName>
has extremely shortened A1, 2, no Mxp OP, a stout Gn1 and aberrant P6, 7: is this an adaptation to the life inside the pharynx of ascidians, where they certainly cannot swim but only crawl? All we know is that space there is at a premium.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<caption id="A6B4A909EB87052D96F660F12E96619F" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="27B5274C4EF8DCEC9FC79F07A0B0324B" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Malvinometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malvinometopa porcellana" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellana">Malvinometopa porcellana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0601FE2ADEFB6CCBE740BDE72CE1A71B" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Malvinometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malvinometopa porcellana" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellana">Malvinometopa porcellana</taxonomicName>
(K.H. Barnard, 1932): Discovery Reports St. 51, Falklands.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<caption id="36F0BF124FC5B297D4EB010B33836938" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="F6EA0E4B6EE987408EE2AF14CE89EAB9" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Malvinometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malvinometopa porcellana" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellana">Malvinometopa porcellana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CB0547F7E33B0027F745873430D4F4FF" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Malvinometopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Malvinometopa porcellana" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcellana">Malvinometopa porcellana</taxonomicName>
(K.H. Barnard, 1932): Discovery Reports St. 51, Falklands.
</paragraph>
</caption>

66
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<paragraph id="5BA3B2194740670B7F9BDE8DB7146180" pageId="0" pageNumber="215">Taxon classification Animalia Amphipoda Stenothoidae</paragraph>
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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Haswell, 1879: 323, pl. 24, fig. 5.
, but confused with other species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4C5B426D6BE7C449AB359459F988BAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="A76CF51D0CE4914F8A6CABB7A7AEFB10" class="Malacostraca" family="Stenothoidae" genus="Montaguana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Montaguana miersii" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersii">not Montaguana miersii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A76CF51D0CE4914F8A6CABB7A7AEFB10" genus="Montaguana" lsidName="Montaguana miersii" pageId="0" pageNumber="215" rank="species" species="miersii">not Montaguana miersii</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation id="69D8690113633D68A8FF1FF3B27279A6" author="Chilton, C" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the NZ Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" pagination="249 - 255" title="XIV - Addition to the Sessile-eyed Crustacea of New Zealand." volume="15" year="1883">Chilton 1883</bibRefCitation>
: 79 (part =

152
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View file

@ -1,127 +1,127 @@
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<taxonomicName authority="(Rudman, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Rudman" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Chromodorididae" genus="Goniobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniobranchus collingwoodi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 3. Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987) ventral view of anterior showing head, oral tentacles, and foot margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214582" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Figure 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 6" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plate 6. Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987), photograph S Kahlbrock." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.plate6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214581" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">, Plate 6</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="C9D84D013754F13B701011FC51A110B0" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="93B693C05C2D95CB4B33B7FECCD1308F" ID-CoL="3GW5C" authority="(Rudman, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Rudman" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Chromodorididae" genus="Goniobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniobranchus collingwoodi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="D4039D0B473DEAF70C74CCD82014F9C5" captionStart="Plate 6" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plate 6. Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987), photograph S Kahlbrock." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.plate6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214581" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">, Plate 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph id="D96D7D90BDF1D237BA3EEFA79A1ACC38" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="568FFFDAD40F1FD11E6A8E95BFDCBEA6" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Chromodorididae" genus="Chromodoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromodoris collingwoodi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">Chromodoris collingwoodi</taxonomicName>
Rudman, 1987: 358-364, figs 23E-F, 32-35 (eastern Australia, Solomon Islands, Hong Kong);
<bibRefCitation author="Baba, K" journalOrPublisher="Venus" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" pagination="21 - 26" refId="B1" refString="Baba, K, 1989. Taxonomical study on two species of the &quot; aureopurpurea &quot; color group of Chromodoris from Japan (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae). Venus 48 (1): 21 - 26" title="Taxonomical study on two species of the &quot; aureopurpurea &quot; color group of Chromodoris from Japan (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae)." volume="48" year="1989">Baba 1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0C862E263B176DCDB5E4BFA04790115A" author="Baba, K" journalOrPublisher="Venus" pageId="21" pageNumber="30" pagination="21 - 26" refId="B1" refString="Baba, K, 1989. Taxonomical study on two species of the &quot; aureopurpurea &quot; color group of Chromodoris from Japan (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae). Venus 48 (1): 21 - 26" title="Taxonomical study on two species of the &quot; aureopurpurea &quot; color group of Chromodoris from Japan (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae)." volume="48" year="1989">Baba 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 23, fig. 2;
<bibRefCitation author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Asian Marine Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" pagination="31 - 79" refId="B25" refString="Rudman, WB, Darvell, BW, 1990. Opisthobranchs of Hong Kong part I: Goniodorididae, Onchidorididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, and Chromodorididae (Nudibranchia). Asian Marine Biology 7: 31 - 79" title="Opisthobranchs of Hong Kong part I: Goniodorididae, Onchidorididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, and Chromodorididae (Nudibranchia)." volume="7" year="1990">Rudman and Darvell 1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2BC98B54FFBFA2D8135C4DC07C883D8F" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Asian Marine Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" pagination="31 - 79" refId="B25" refString="Rudman, WB, Darvell, BW, 1990. Opisthobranchs of Hong Kong part I: Goniodorididae, Onchidorididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, and Chromodorididae (Nudibranchia). Asian Marine Biology 7: 31 - 79" title="Opisthobranchs of Hong Kong part I: Goniodorididae, Onchidorididae, Triophidae, Gymnodorididae, and Chromodorididae (Nudibranchia)." volume="7" year="1990">Rudman and Darvell 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 58, pl. 6B (Hong Kong);
<bibRefCitation author="Wells, FE" journalOrPublisher="Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refId="B29" refString="Wells, FE, Bryce, CW, 1993. Sea Slugs of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia" title="Sea Slugs of Western Australia." year="1993">Wells and Bryce 1993</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="21B6FDE981DDAEF296EDE02C728FAAF0" author="Wells, FE" journalOrPublisher="Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refId="B29" refString="Wells, FE, Bryce, CW, 1993. Sea Slugs of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia" title="Sea Slugs of Western Australia." year="1993">Wells and Bryce 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 117, fig. 144 (western Australia);
<bibRefCitation author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="23" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2001. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 11. Doridacea of the families Chromodorididae and Hexabranchidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia), including additional Molukkan material. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 75 (1-15): 1 - 50" title="Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 11. Doridacea of the families Chromodorididae and Hexabranchidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia), including additional Molukkan material." volume="75" year="2001">Yonow 2001</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C68CA8747461486FA5CBDFC847D08629" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="23" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="B36" refString="Yonow, N, 2001. Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 11. Doridacea of the families Chromodorididae and Hexabranchidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia), including additional Molukkan material. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 75 (1-15): 1 - 50" title="Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 11. Doridacea of the families Chromodorididae and Hexabranchidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia), including additional Molukkan material." volume="75" year="2001">Yonow 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 11, pl. 1 fig. 1 (Indonesia);
<bibRefCitation author="Herve, J-F" journalOrPublisher="Editions Catherine Ledru, Noumea" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refId="B12" refString="Herve, J-F, 2010. Guide des Nudibranches de Nouvelle-Caledonie et autres Opisthobranches. Editions Catherine Ledru, Noumea" title="Guide des Nudibranches de Nouvelle-Caledonie et autres Opisthobranches." year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hervé">Herve</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="9D515FA057E8A5978684B7A4E9C857C2" author="Herve, J-F" journalOrPublisher="Editions Catherine Ledru, Noumea" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" refId="B12" refString="Herve, J-F, 2010. Guide des Nudibranches de Nouvelle-Caledonie et autres Opisthobranches. Editions Catherine Ledru, Noumea" title="Guide des Nudibranches de Nouvelle-Caledonie et autres Opisthobranches." year="2010">
<normalizedToken id="00C4EAED94052F8E34AF472C4DBFA043" originalValue="Hervé">Herve</normalizedToken>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 233 (New Caledonia).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="0F20487B96EC492101A90AC68392A273" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B275941011AEBE7D1FA75F0D53011CF1" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02CD88D0C0A09291FD4DAC75F572C367" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
Rosalie Moller wreck, near Hurghada, Egyptian Red Sea,
<date value="2015-04-28">
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28 Apr
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0154" unit="m" value="2015.4">2015, 40 m</quantity>
<quantity id="AFC3CDD646F77CE7B768346F5CFA0E7D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0154" unit="m" value="2015.4">2015, 40 m</quantity>
</date>
depth,
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50-60 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="C52A2C6768193D76A483B694755F33B0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50-60 mm</quantity>
alive, 21
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
<normalizedToken id="25F6C9897E1B31D8A16E710375C7BD3E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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preserved leg. and photographs S Kahlbrock (SK # 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="496BD19B6A440EAB90E63B0CB7788A10" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="1C27797647DC5CDCE1E45D52F4BF6FC3" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C36E122ADA4BC606A57EDFE51FCA0C4D" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
The photographs perfectly fit the description of this species by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01357.x" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" pagination="305 - 407" refId="B23" refString="Rudman, WB, 1987. The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia, Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: Chromodoris epicuria, C. aureopurpurea, C. annulata, C. coi and Risbecia tryoni colour groups. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 90 (4): 305 - 407, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01357.x" title="The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia, Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: Chromodoris epicuria, C. aureopurpurea, C. annulata, C. coi and Risbecia tryoni colour groups." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01357.x" volume="90" year="1987">Rudman (1987)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0D00436C1F05AB386ACA7AAD9B6F7BE7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01357.x" author="Rudman, WB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" pagination="305 - 407" refId="B23" refString="Rudman, WB, 1987. The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia, Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: Chromodoris epicuria, C. aureopurpurea, C. annulata, C. coi and Risbecia tryoni colour groups. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 90 (4): 305 - 407, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01357.x" title="The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia, Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: Chromodoris epicuria, C. aureopurpurea, C. annulata, C. coi and Risbecia tryoni colour groups." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01357.x" volume="90" year="1987">Rudman (1987)</bibRefCitation>
(Plate
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 6" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Plate 6. Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987), photograph S Kahlbrock." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.plate6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214581" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">6</figureCitation>
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). The dorsum is cream with a purple margin. Inside the purple margin is a broad opaque white band containing many yellow spots on the outside and very few purple spots on the inside. There is an ochre zone linking the white band to the dorsal hump, which is covered in brown patches and purple spots, and both are overlain with white spots. The rhinophores are brown with the edges of the lamellae being white. The quadrangular gills have a more complicated colour pattern, translucent with a dark brown or grey line down the edges of the pinnules on both their outer and inner sides, the pigmentation extending onto both sides of the pinnules. Some of the gills are branched or forked, and they are numerous, arranged in a double spiral around the anal papilla. The foot extends a short distance behind the mantle and is white with many round yellow spots and a purple patch on the margin.
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="135AE7C1300676688C2720B859F1F4C5" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
Ventrally, the preserved specimen is monochromatic. The margins of the mantle and foot are contracted and the anterior margin of the foot is bilaminate (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 3. Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987) ventral view of anterior showing head, oral tentacles, and foot margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214582" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">3</figureCitation>
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).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310499" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.plate6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214581" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" start="Plate 6" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Plate 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rudman" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Chromodorididae" genus="Goniobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniobranchus collingwoodi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Goniobranchus collingwoodi</emphasis>
<caption id="94AE9755863674B829E60C9F30D98D5E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310499" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.plate6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214581" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" start="Plate 6" startId="F9">
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<emphasis id="D8588B77928CFDA8A76205E003CE4A86" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Plate 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BAB73AD3AA4442BA3AC2C565EF702DC3" baseAuthorityName="Rudman" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Chromodorididae" genus="Goniobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniobranchus collingwoodi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">
<emphasis id="48423B3CC00752238E6EC073A39E44DA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Goniobranchus collingwoodi</emphasis>
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(Rudman, 1987), photograph S Kahlbrock.
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310467" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214582" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" start="Figure 3" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rudman" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Chromodorididae" genus="Goniobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniobranchus collingwoodi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Goniobranchus collingwoodi</emphasis>
<caption id="9828C3F547EABDF23BC8C5A2E92DB884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310467" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.26378.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214582" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" start="Figure 3" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="973AAD6D9CC64CB661E2294110B69834" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="68033ECB5CC6DBC6006AA4409CC07165" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A48C4A19D610CF78B54C078BBF05B0AE" baseAuthorityName="Rudman" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Chromodorididae" genus="Goniobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniobranchus collingwoodi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">
<emphasis id="85F8A35E35B87D8669ACBB5EC4AF4E56" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Goniobranchus collingwoodi</emphasis>
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(Rudman, 1987) ventral view of anterior showing head, oral tentacles, and foot margin.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="6336C877E1A6C5B0C0B790923E774A41" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="534C4D81F82D271160D1FA370479A125" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D35C8C2384B6033C96EE11D49398C4C3" pageId="9" pageNumber="18">
This is the first record of this well-known western Pacific species from the Red Sea. There are no literature records of this species from the Indian Ocean (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4359.1.1" author="Tibirica, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 133" refId="B27" refString="Tibirica, Y, Pola, M, Cervera, JL, 2017. Astonishing diversity revealed: an annotated and illustrated inventory of Nudipleura (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Mozambique. Zootaxa 4359 (1): 1 - 133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4359.1.1" title="Astonishing diversity revealed: an annotated and illustrated inventory of Nudipleura (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Mozambique." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4359.1.1" volume="4359" year="2017">
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<bibRefCitation id="BB1399F7EF7B0E5794F0E507FC8BCCCD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4359.1.1" author="Tibirica, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="22" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 133" refId="B27" refString="Tibirica, Y, Pola, M, Cervera, JL, 2017. Astonishing diversity revealed: an annotated and illustrated inventory of Nudipleura (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Mozambique. Zootaxa 4359 (1): 1 - 133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4359.1.1" title="Astonishing diversity revealed: an annotated and illustrated inventory of Nudipleura (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Mozambique." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4359.1.1" volume="4359" year="2017">
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, SeaSlugForum, http://seaslugs.free.fr/nudibranche/a_intro.htm). It remains to be seen if this is a one-off introduction or whether the species will establish itself in the either the Red Sea and/or the western Indian Ocean.

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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution map for new species of subgenus Tachycines Gymnaeta from Guizhou mentioned in this study." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709407" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">, 15</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="C2390A4EEC542CFEE4410FF06D825AFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<figureCitation id="BFA3A4B7CD4D670D6B5569FDDB11DC86" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp. nov., A male genitalia in dorsal view B male genitalia in ventral view C hind tarsus in lateral view D male live habitus in dorsal view E nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figs 9A-E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="79155DEA721ECFAAC8FD366D0C22B01E" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution map for new species of subgenus Tachycines Gymnaeta from Guizhou mentioned in this study." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709407" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">, 15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-10-02" collectorName="Xulin Zhou, Haixia Luo, Panpan Ren, Meizhen Deng, Suqin Zhao" county="Ziyun County" location="Sanjiaoshan cave" specimenCount="54" specimenCount-female="38" specimenCount-male="16" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
<subSubSection id="B32C0A003C1E18B6E2012D5EEFF263AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0C801D1F5F4C1CE6D58CE2D983BEE97C" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B60C947D8082174A9084EE3FD13F8DF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<materialsCitation id="5C6AFF4376D180BD5C3565264678A39C" collectingDate="2019-10-02" collectorName="Xulin Zhou, Haixia Luo, Panpan Ren, Meizhen Deng, Suqin Zhao" county="Ziyun County" location="Sanjiaoshan cave" specimenCount="54" specimenCount-female="38" specimenCount-male="16" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis id="2A82EC8085A82293BDD0D91498D31CF5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<typeStatus id="6B7812B9995854C8919A4EDCC0D0BB31">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="B8CC1336D7A4DC6E91459BF40D934233" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7243602A9FA75E5EAB7A0259E41F1E5D:A1249FD0FEC2D87B144F95F7B8A4E700" county="Ziyun County" name="Sanjiaoshan cave">Sanjiaoshan cave</location>
<location id="A1249FD0FEC2D87B144F95F7B8A4E700" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7243602A9FA75E5EAB7A0259E41F1E5D:A1249FD0FEC2D87B144F95F7B8A4E700" county="Ziyun County" name="Sanjiaoshan cave">Sanjiaoshan cave</location>
,
<collectingCounty>Ziyun County</collectingCounty>
<collectingCounty id="3A1A8C52F939A421E398239DD6785A52">Ziyun County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingDate value="2019-10-02">2019-X-2</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="A383C80C2049BA6BA5F4D4CBA7C04DB5" value="2019-10-02">2019-X-2</collectingDate>
, collected by
<collectorName>Xulin Zhou</collectorName>
<collectorName id="FCF4D11CC3F9B41C0E10315F754B96EE">Xulin Zhou</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Haixia Luo</collectorName>
<collectorName id="946E1C8AE13D1735C25B3E918AAABB29">Haixia Luo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Panpan Ren</collectorName>
<collectorName id="CDA77D1185A652BDE5AE62E6B857ACB5">Panpan Ren</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Meizhen Deng</collectorName>
<collectorName id="2A6082E4B08C9D7588C0E322FA752B46">Meizhen Deng</collectorName>
and
<collectorName>Suqin Zhao</collectorName>
<collectorName id="8051835D23C10D71EB4F05E47E7DD159">Suqin Zhao</collectorName>
,
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="103FBDB8E2031EE34405766E1AE4E205" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<typeStatus id="BB9DBD2AC7638CF3A1F8A8719A34D64B">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount type="male">15♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="FF2594256A4430045DB03AE4613F537E" type="male">15♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">38♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="002AD5DF47CED87248B8642A762B74A7" type="female">38♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<subSubSection id="450137A5A5E8EC0F3313D402DBCCB32C" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BE6655F17B55183D347F94F578C30338" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2CE9096B9CA36BC80718E789E206E99" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
The new species is rather similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhou &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Locustodea" genus="Tachycines" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shibenzhangi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shibenzhangi" subGenus="Gymnaeta">Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shibenzhangi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="914B51FFC653CC7D8FC74F41267D4D33" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Locustodea" genus="Tachycines" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shibenzhangi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shibenzhangi" subGenus="Gymnaeta">Tachycines (Gymnaeta) shibenzhangi</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., it can easily be distinguished by the eyes moderately reduced, ventral conical projections of 3rd-8th abdominal sternites developed, distal mucronate without ciliated; but the latter of eyes extremely reduce, ventral conical projections of 3rd-8th abdominal sternites developed, distal obtuse and densely ciliated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Male.</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="FAFEE5EE1EA5CEB4B5C2F400C205EC28" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph id="79D95B364E85F21DA0637BEBB7380DCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97015F78A0940CC1455B7FC4707FF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="9B05662277E9D0B7C960AF37F8773640" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Male.</emphasis>
Body medium size (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp. nov., A male genitalia in dorsal view B male genitalia in ventral view C hind tarsus in lateral view D male live habitus in dorsal view E nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">9D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="89013300D148718CA9FCE5A05A06D7CC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp. nov., A male genitalia in dorsal view B male genitalia in ventral view C hind tarsus in lateral view D male live habitus in dorsal view E nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">9D, E</figureCitation>
). Vertex conical tubercles almost absent, ommateum moderately reduced. Legs elongate and slender; fore femur approx. 2.5-3.1 times longer than the pronotum, ventrally unarmed, external genicular lobe with one elongate movable spur, internal knee lobe with a small spine; fore tibiae beneath with one external spur and one internal spur. Mid femur with an elongate movable spur on both internal and external genicular lobe, ventrally unarmed; mid tibiae beneath without internal and external spur. Hind femur without spines ventrally; hind tibiae dorsally with 9-15 internal spines and 9-13 external spines, sparsely arranged, supra-internal spur of hind tibiae not exceeding the ventral apex of hind tarsus. Hind tarsus ventrally with bristles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp. nov., A male genitalia in dorsal view B male genitalia in ventral view C hind tarsus in lateral view D male live habitus in dorsal view E nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">9C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B7A8CCC661CDD8EA9D6468D1AF038A98" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp. nov., A male genitalia in dorsal view B male genitalia in ventral view C hind tarsus in lateral view D male live habitus in dorsal view E nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">9C</figureCitation>
). ventral conical projections of 3rd-8th abdominal sternites developed, distal mucronate without cilia. Epiphallus of male genitalia nearly semi-circular, lateral sclerites sub-elliptical; median process of male genitalia with semi-sclerotized lobules at apical part and divided into two lobes, significantly longer than lateral sclerites (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp. nov., A male genitalia in dorsal view B male genitalia in ventral view C hind tarsus in lateral view D male live habitus in dorsal view E nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">9A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E8B7733B7C9A83FC3D1F96011BFCBA20" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis sp. nov., A male genitalia in dorsal view B male genitalia in ventral view C hind tarsus in lateral view D male live habitus in dorsal view E nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">9A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhou &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Locustodea" genus="Tachycines" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ziyunensis" subGenus="Gymnaeta">Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis</taxonomicName>
<caption id="63EEDE0B9E49AEF98D56960C7D997F6D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.73937.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709401" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="105A562BB0992E72591A6FED030BB552" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="9A7917E23E46D694E6048FC808B1569A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8AD6CD57B944F8573C3468367FD64245" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Locustodea" genus="Tachycines" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ziyunensis" subGenus="Gymnaeta">Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ziyunensis</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="83F8081A1FAA2EFA1435792D7D96EE59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
male genitalia in dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="67036FEBFCDE7745A4FF8E4D31663E16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">B</emphasis>
male genitalia in ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5CDD84CD7BBD21A44D9EB311268DCD27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">C</emphasis>
hind tarsus in lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="09418699340FE12082B8A43977D9F28B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">D</emphasis>
male live habitus in dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9E49D87818DFBE6535E1BFBDD372B59A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">E</emphasis>
nymph of male, living habitus in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Female.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="71A29279D42DC64A3A8CD8B397137A28" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="2F4464752A1CD1904CA391489BE9CF8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Female.</emphasis>
Appearance is similar to the male. Subgenital plate with three lobes, median lobe large, triangular; ovipositor is slightly longer than half of the hind femur length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="coloration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Coloration.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">The body color is yellowish, face without dark brown stripes, uniformly pale yellow, ventral conical projections of abdominal sternites shiny white. Ovipositor is brownish yellow.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="3A81B8FC5722470353A638ED0CE7EC5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="coloration">
<paragraph id="645B800D7D13F46A3768FA4386720FD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Coloration.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C6C6ABC1B167DE85DE75974EA935941" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">The body color is yellowish, face without dark brown stripes, uniformly pale yellow, ventral conical projections of abdominal sternites shiny white. Ovipositor is brownish yellow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">(mm).</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="E7E5AA243CD96EBEB3BDA0FDC92EA51A" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph id="985975328593A999F32BE01AF7E4A63B" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7267B2337BA5D1D3B7D08B59F99DC1A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="F277223481F34A4FCF6FA4FD21DD29DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">(mm).</emphasis>
Body ♂11.4-12.8, ♀12.2-13.2, pronotum ♂ 3.5-4.3, ♀ 3.9-4.3, fore femur ♂ 11.0-12.1, ♀ 10.2-10.8, hind femur ♂ 17.9-19.2, ♀ 16.9-17.9; ovipositor 8.9-10.3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Distribution of light zone.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Dark light zone.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="A4185592BC3E91E4226B903FF469568A" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4EAF8253B415186F80DC57981DDD3BFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Distribution of light zone.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="90920E22F430230B9B503B94862F95D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Dark light zone.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="cave adaptation type">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Cave adaptation type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Troglobite.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="3FBC3F07F84AF90670B7D4EC6A4F2EF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="cave adaptation type">
<paragraph id="CDA00F3DBFC05E9284F8F1D41E525040" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Cave adaptation type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59EF91AF0994554046349BC615DE671F" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Troglobite.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">The name of the new species refers to the type locality.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="1631AE07C0A535CD20BA603814CA839D" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1A973C63671F79D2E42B0C05F6238587" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D26FB206608BF756465486714C01AF10" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">The name of the new species refers to the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

104
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<treatment id="726A87A6FF90FF9DBBD439E6FACEF80D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:726A87A6FF90FF9DBBD439E6FACEF80D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/726A87A6FF90FF9DBBD439E6FACEF80D" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" scope_family="Anisopodidae" scope_order="Diptera" scope_subFamily="Anisopodinae">
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@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ species:
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<emphasis id="C8B7EAA2FF90FF9DBBD43AD9FF1FF93C" box="[151,168,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">=</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3DC34D33FF90FF9DBBF33AD9FDECF93F" authority="Amorim &amp; Tozoni, 1994: 531" authorityName="Amorim &amp; Tozoni" authorityPageNumber="531" authorityYear="1994" box="[176,603,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" genus="Tonnoirina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8B7EAA2FF90FF9DBBF33AD9FE97F93C" box="[176,288,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="249">Tonnoirina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9E524B41FF90FF9DBA663ADAFDECF93F" author="Amorim, D. S. &amp; Tozoni, S. H. S." box="[293,603,1757,1782]" firstAuthor="Amorim" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="249" pagination="517 - 543" part="38" refId="ref3720" refString="Amorim, D. S. &amp; Tozoni, S. H. S. (1994) Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Anisopodoidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha), with an area cladogram for intercontinental relationships. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 38, 517 - 543." title="Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Anisopodoidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha), with an area cladogram for intercontinental relationships" type="journal article" year="1994">Amorim &amp; Tozoni, 1994: 531</bibRefCitation>

131
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<paragraph box="[118,643,1425,1445]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName authority="Rakotonirina and Fisher" authorityName="Rakotonirina and Fisher" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoala">Pachycondyla masoala Rakotonirina</taxonomicName>
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and Fisher,
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="22" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EF55CB05536EA8FBDBDA3EABB36F15E5" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="description">
<paragraph box="[118,345,1453,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="mainText">(Figures 7, 40-41, 52, 58)</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="621164E0E7A81688CF6B4133DA67CACA" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="description">
<paragraph id="F101B331B30CBF3962D060E1ACFEA4DF" box="[118,345,1453,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="mainText">(Figures 7, 40-41, 52, 58)</paragraph>
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<paragraph box="[118,1120,1506,1553]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="mainText">Holotype worker: Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, -15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, sifted litter, rainforest, 14 Nov 1993 (B.L. Fisher), collection code: BLF00886, specimen code: CASENT0317384 (CASC).</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[155,1120,1562,1581][118,1121,118,166]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="heading">
<subSubSection id="4EB453E9146DB68E98B7DA24E74B13EE" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F150E92A9E26A13C7D3A9F89D731A9AD" box="[118,1120,1506,1553]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="mainText">Holotype worker: Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, -15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, sifted litter, rainforest, 14 Nov 1993 (B.L. Fisher), collection code: BLF00886, specimen code: CASENT0317384 (CASC).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7DB5EFE2543C626F6719662E5F13040" box="[155,1120,1562,1581][118,1121,118,166]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" type="heading">
Paratypes: 8 workers with the same data as holotype but specimen coded: BLF0886(13)-2, BLF0886(48)-2; 13
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="124" start="start">Nov</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="B064F12A1451CD6D89F82FD424FDCFC3" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" start="start">Nov</pageBreakToken>
1993 (B.L. Fisher), collection code: BLF0882, specimen codes: BLF0882(23)-2, BLF0882(2)-2, BLF0882(5)-1, BLF0882(32)-1, BLF0882(34)-1, BLF0882(42)-1 (BMNH, MHNG, MCZC, CASC, PBZT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph box="[118,290,197,216]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Worker diagnosis:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,226,329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">With head in full-face view, antennal scape not surpassing the posterior cephalic margin; dorsum of head and mesosoma not finely striate; dorsum of the body with erect slender hairs and pubescence; erect hairs and pubescence on dorsum of propodeum absent or reduced in number; petiole node anteroposteriorly flattened and tapered towards its apex, about twice as broad as long in dorsal view.</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,338,413]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Worker measurements (n=10): HL: 1.69-1.83, HW: 1.54-1.67, CI: 91-93, SL: 1.22-1.31, SI: 76-82, PW: 1.16-1.31, WL: 2.04-2.26, NL: 0.69-0.81, NW: 1.02-1.14, NH: 1.18-1.29, HTL: 1.19-1.29, DNI: 135-159, LNI: 156-178.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="1949FAE23AD5CB2D82A5FBD76CC3D10B" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="468A686BEFD4B9B5DB2421EB519E13FB" box="[118,290,197,216]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Worker diagnosis:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="409A492183CB56F2439851354B5630D6" box="[118,1120,226,329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">With head in full-face view, antennal scape not surpassing the posterior cephalic margin; dorsum of head and mesosoma not finely striate; dorsum of the body with erect slender hairs and pubescence; erect hairs and pubescence on dorsum of propodeum absent or reduced in number; petiole node anteroposteriorly flattened and tapered towards its apex, about twice as broad as long in dorsal view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD958D1B360C7DE8079D558B4B6DA27B" box="[118,1120,338,413]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Worker measurements (n=10): HL: 1.69-1.83, HW: 1.54-1.67, CI: 91-93, SL: 1.22-1.31, SI: 76-82, PW: 1.16-1.31, WL: 2.04-2.26, NL: 0.69-0.81, NW: 1.02-1.14, NH: 1.18-1.29, HTL: 1.19-1.29, DNI: 135-159, LNI: 156-178.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="description">
<paragraph box="[118,233,450,469]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,479,779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
<subSubSection id="676A92FA13ABBD1F161F4F816C394C08" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A6C75C74731E6608114DB5474D23CDE" box="[118,233,450,469]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69BA34EA0DC658A14E25A539CE4BA765" box="[118,1122,479,779]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
Worker. Head somewhat elongate, sides almost straight behind level of eyes and narrowest in front, posterior margin noticeably medially excised. Compound eyes moderately large, but diameter smaller than maximum width of antennal scape. Scape relatively short, not surpassing posterior margin of head, leading edge rounded. Clypeus anteriorly truncate, and slightly notched medially. Mandibles triangular, the apical margins armed with seven to eight teeth and denticles. With mesosoma in lateral view, dorsal margin not forming a continuous convexity; propodeal dorsum and declivity separated by distinct angle; mesopleural suture visible. Propodeum slightly compressed laterally. In lateral view, node of petiole squeezed anteroposteriorly, anterior margin inclined posteriorly and posterior margin truncate, making dorsal margin shorter relative to ventral border. With petiole in dorsal view, node broader than long, posterior margin excavated medially. Head sculpture densely and finely
<normalizedToken originalValue="reticulate–rugulose" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">reticulate-rugulose</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8705EEEEA091E9006ADCFE46001CBDE6" originalValue="reticulate–rugulose" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">reticulate-rugulose</normalizedToken>
, superimposed with punctures which are larger in the dorsum behind level of eyes and become larger towards posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,788,1004]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Mandibles striate, interspersed with shallow piligerious punctures. Dorsum of pronotum and mesonotum densely reticulate-rugulose and covered with dense, coarse punctures; propodeum generally with fine reticulate punctures or rugulose. Sides of mesosoma densely and finely reticulate-rugulose. Petiole node laterally almost smooth and shining; small dorsal surface covered with closely spaced large and shallow punctures; adjacent punctures separated by sharp ridge. Third and fourth abdominal tergites with dense and large shallow punctures, which become sparse and irregularly scattered on the posterior half of the latter segment. Pilosity present on dorsum of body except on propodeum; pubescence reduced. Integument shiny, reddish brown or dark brown to black in color with lighter gaster and appendages.</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,1013,1060]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Queen. Measurements (n=1): HL: 1.94, HW: 1.88, CI: 97, SL: 1.42, SI: 75, EL: 0.344, OI: 18, PW: 1.45, WL: 2.83, NL: 0.74, NW: 1.33, NH: 1.26, DNI: 180, LNI: 170.</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,1070,1117]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Morphologically similar to worker except modifications of the queen caste, with head slightly broader, body size notably much larger.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A427EE4A4ED5D5344416829592A0C389" box="[118,1122,788,1004]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Mandibles striate, interspersed with shallow piligerious punctures. Dorsum of pronotum and mesonotum densely reticulate-rugulose and covered with dense, coarse punctures; propodeum generally with fine reticulate punctures or rugulose. Sides of mesosoma densely and finely reticulate-rugulose. Petiole node laterally almost smooth and shining; small dorsal surface covered with closely spaced large and shallow punctures; adjacent punctures separated by sharp ridge. Third and fourth abdominal tergites with dense and large shallow punctures, which become sparse and irregularly scattered on the posterior half of the latter segment. Pilosity present on dorsum of body except on propodeum; pubescence reduced. Integument shiny, reddish brown or dark brown to black in color with lighter gaster and appendages.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79EEB91F25E374A903C0FA2518A74802" box="[118,1120,1013,1060]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Queen. Measurements (n=1): HL: 1.94, HW: 1.88, CI: 97, SL: 1.42, SI: 75, EL: 0.344, OI: 18, PW: 1.45, WL: 2.83, NL: 0.74, NW: 1.33, NH: 1.26, DNI: 180, LNI: 170.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F68C1A421D4C0866E0B341FB142FB972" box="[118,1120,1070,1117]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Morphologically similar to worker except modifications of the queen caste, with head slightly broader, body size notably much larger.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
<paragraph box="[118,224,1154,1172]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Discussion:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,1182,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoala">Pachycondyla masoala</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="AB62F9305604698E121AF1386B730EF7" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="678FB0285805C5740BF35DB630D8299B" box="[118,224,1154,1172]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Discussion:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B78A0999EDC2825433647C0447C7660F" box="[118,1121,1182,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName id="ACBF4D4FDC77E2C8F7CE84ADD9436575" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoala">Pachycondyla masoala</taxonomicName>
can be confused with form 4 of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambouei">P. cambouei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D1E92B55C36E2FA7A2F81289A7226DE0" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambouei">P. cambouei</taxonomicName>
because of the absence of erect hairs on the propodeal dorsum. However, a flattened petiole node, which shows a shorter dorsal margin in profile, separates it from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambouei">P. cambouei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A29D403826E4D79C6773D8EB22289F44" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambouei">P. cambouei</taxonomicName>
, which has a thick petiole node.
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<paragraph box="[118,353,1294,1313]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Distribution and biology:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,1323,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoala">Pachycondyla masoala</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="735C1413EE6FBA3969D85813F9F982BE" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AE2CE031DA7A50D506CCEC5AB1407F6D" box="[118,353,1294,1313]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Distribution and biology:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A67E2F9F225C7CF3538A46007329D220" box="[118,1121,1323,1398]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName id="3D38E3994A9C1430AC7D5130E9CADCAB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masoala">Pachycondyla masoala</taxonomicName>
is only known from the lower elevations of humid forests in northeastern Madagascar (Fig. 58) around the PN Masoala, and in the Makirovana forest near Sambava. One nest was found under a dense layer of roots and litter on a rock, but the species generally forages on the forest floor and through leaf litter.
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<paragraph box="[118,361,1435,1453]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Other material examined:</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,1463,1567][118,1106,118,166]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
<subSubSection id="26F7688BA6CAD8E79A10C9D6979BCD8B" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8C41E2AF0B1939B1A7E199564D68F99B" box="[118,361,1435,1453]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">Other material examined:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31750F158B9B8502AEF1C461E5305724" box="[118,1122,1463,1567][118,1106,118,166]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="23" pageNumber="124" type="mainText">
Antsiranana: 14 km W Cap Est, Ambato, -15.29128, 50.33803, 150 m, secondary rainforest (Alpert et al.) (MCZC); Makirovana Forest, -14.17066, 49.95409, 415 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); Makirovana Forest: -14.1604, 49.9522, 550 m, -14.1707, 49.9541, 415 m, 225 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); Toamasina: 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, -15.66667, 49.96667, 425 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="125" start="start">6.3</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="E562D6B1B710CA548F4391C5A3BB934C" pageId="24" pageNumber="125" start="start">6.3</pageBreakToken>
km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, -15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, rainforest (B.L. Fisher) (CASC); Nosy Mangabe, 15.5, 49.76667, 150-300 m, rainforest (P.S. Ward) (PSWC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

304
data/72/9A/41/729A41E291BD5E2F975C6F5148544126.xml
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@ -1,270 +1,270 @@
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figures 14</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="9393AA6017CCEA2E3ADF17B95098A2DA" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Chalcis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcis clavata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavata">Chalcis clavata</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1804: 162;
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, 1982: 594: lectotype designation.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus fulvescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvescens">Epitranus fulvescens</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="73E80789A652C9389EC638D4F9619581" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus fulvescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvescens">Epitranus fulvescens</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1834: 26-27;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3C5BA79303FB4155455B0D0428665A9D" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1982: 594: synonymy.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus lacteipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteipennis">Epitranus lacteipennis</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="602CC54BC498C2068F7F23716FFE266A" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="DA47F65255F9179243FE45080A2A163B" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus lacteipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteipennis">Epitranus lacteipennis</taxonomicName>
Cameron, 1883: 187-188;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EB72611FDA0907C8FB2EFD9729BAB25C" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1982: 594: synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Anacryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anacryptus insidiosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiosus">Anacryptus insidiosus</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="32659CDE6B652DA7782E15545B92B392" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="3B5F9C39DEADBC7E65410857CC55B1C3" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Anacryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anacryptus insidiosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insidiosus">Anacryptus insidiosus</taxonomicName>
Masi, 1917: 129-130;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="171A6CA91ED5B816D1973B4DB7F387C6" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1982: 594: synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Anacryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anacryptus anpingius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anpingius">Anacryptus anpingius</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="CB36C4104FD6C14C20620B67EC626FA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4BF9C497BC1E93B7B17D9FB7BCB21D8B" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Anacryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anacryptus anpingius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anpingius">Anacryptus anpingius</taxonomicName>
Masi, 1933: 14-15;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7BAC2C600070E9757ABFAE454E2986A3" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1982: 594: synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mani &amp; Dubey" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Anacryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anacryptus cawnporensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cawnporensis">Anacryptus cawnporensis</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="69092CD238B45EA9A9F771D2A17EB383" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="E482BE5AE55AF5F99DFF30F1E2BF7771" authorityName="Mani &amp; Dubey" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Anacryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anacryptus cawnporensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cawnporensis">Anacryptus cawnporensis</taxonomicName>
Mani &amp; Dubey in Mani, Dubey, Kaul &amp; Saraswat, 1973: 30-31;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CE63EEC11C8CA0560E25ECA918576177" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1982: 594: synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">Epitranus clavatus</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="6A1759E9B2A310095CCCF4E44B521FFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="719142D05966F29E159B3B854CDE466F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">Epitranus clavatus</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius):
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4C3A61C8BB2F9CC868C8E41614A682C9" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, 1982: 594.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Re-description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Female</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="0AB7E071007B3AA9BFB358B467A6631D" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="7175E56300DBBA2704D902883191BC4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Re-description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE7019BAE31EDCB9D17891F81508E1CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="02EC1665202B34D2249EC02A865923BC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Female</emphasis>
(Figs
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<figureCitation id="7EC08C5C647BB9D1431B8F8E35B4B85B" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C1A74669CE0CC12BF23D25A854E42EF0" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16</figureCitation>
). Body length ca. 3.75 mm. Fore wing length ca. 2.5 mm. Head and mesosoma mostly reddish, the later variously maculated with black (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D8AAFEF0F8F29779A4917B1EA930D6ED" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A, B</figureCitation>
), tegula brownish testaceous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E35391F3475CFC282C2126989C7FEFAD" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14B</figureCitation>
). This species is recognized by the following combination of characters: frontal lobe relatively long, its ventral margin with two submedian indentations (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="67CD72A9B8D2E82B58CACE8457B40B0F" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15B</figureCitation>
); subantennal distance ca. 1.7
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<normalizedToken id="E121A1F7E91FF574A24E3BAD52DD5A04" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as interantennal distance, without median longitudinal carina; subtorular carina present; interantennal projection as small lamina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="32DA3C5C6F2ACCE478E215C3264AE107" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15B</figureCitation>
); post-orbital groove granulate; post-orbital carina joining genal carina at a level with ventral edge of eye (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="812C6F83FF7D6A66A8626FE860D40BE6" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A</figureCitation>
); outline of frons slightly and regularly convex in dorsal view; supra antennal surface hardly delimited laterally by very faint step-like ridge; discal area very faintly strigulate, separated from inner orbit and median ocellus by four or five rows of setiferous points (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="91258E5EAE40D707B431C270951696AF" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15A</figureCitation>
); flagellum somewhat slender (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D34C3298BECAC2A1A2804295FFCD7ACD" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15C</figureCitation>
), 0.82
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<normalizedToken id="ED9473765020EC5BB3BB5F43B7AAB039" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as head width; funiculars all somewhat longer than wide; mesosoma convex, its dorsal outline evidently so (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AEF9A3A8EFF83815646291A7313AA6F5" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15C</figureCitation>
); pronotal collar rounded anteriorly on dorsum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3811EBF918B01FDFD005B3F8E30BED0D" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A</figureCitation>
); interspaces on mesonotum very faintly alutaceous; interspaces on mesepisternum and metepimeron coriaceous, dull (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="41C9692398738EC8C63920D29B474161" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A</figureCitation>
); surface of propodeum densely reticulate, median areola complete but delimited by very faint submedian carina, sublateral carinae well raised on joining lateral carinae of adpetiolar areola, the latter nearly truncate anteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F1CC59A1F9477C135131D40EB543098E" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15D</figureCitation>
); pronotum, scapula (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5640F8E0B19FD2B09DA3FC31CECFD5CB" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14A, B</figureCitation>
) and ventral face of metacoxa sparsely setose, setae distinctly fine and short especially on pronotal collum; occiput (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="887C50946E16F142EAB99A2E6523C398" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A, B habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">14B</figureCitation>
) and propodeal prestigmatic areola (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="957B04A3AC15951AF06D2A3AA23BF4F5" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A head (frontal view) B lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view) C antennal pedicel and flagellum D propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">15D</figureCitation>
) nearly bare, with scattered short and fine setae, the former finely alutaceous beneath. Fore wing (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BC460520B7C0DC67C754373DF899FB91" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16A</figureCitation>
) with sparse setae and microtrichiae on apical half of underside; STV distinctly oblique forming with the anterior margin of the wing an angle of ca. 35°. Metafemur with a stout basal tooth basoventrally, followed by eight small, widely spaced teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="91FC401850CA84370FE38CDF30BCD3B4" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16B</figureCitation>
); metatibial process with oblique carina inside, isolating the tarsal scrobe on inner side of tibia, the scrobe nearly reaching the sub-basal prominence anteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="421E233E52FBC71EF2B8963FF8A70EC0" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16C</figureCitation>
); prominence with three or four denticles concealed by the pubescence (when examined from behind). Metasomal petiole short, 2.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A7DBF9CC9464BA8D97BD0E37E6C00519" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B58190F3CFC6A87B7FA23AE49BFFD0F0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as dorsal length of Gt1, 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E0C840D27CA328B4336901CCC92CAC86" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as gaster (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="714DFBA5C0944988966E59B5DB4E1990" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Epitranus clavatus (Fabricius) (female) A fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified) B, C hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively) D metasoma (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">16D</figureCitation>
), slightly swollen sub-basally, with two (sublateral and lateral) ridges extending along its whole length, area between sublateral ridges flat and faintly finely punctate. Gaster relatively elongate (1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BD27A24CC379D31956A281D942E4CC22" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as high).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Epitranus clavatus</emphasis>
<caption id="875860E79E811C903E2029F8CDC8E3EE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467091" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="3FA5081D75DD5116D30F6C54C2D01F14" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="BB3EADCCBE86923F25DE79124D1A1BF1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="75511A0B100DAEC44561D84B299DD4FE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis id="B87501D0C208A2C7B5336386350D26C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Epitranus clavatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius) (female)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A, B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7297AD32498CE90AE3F1D4CADF2D70F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A, B</emphasis>
habitus (lateral and dorsal views respectively).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Male.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="28B98E8D4D1E23D0664A76C3A8A45A97" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="4AB0063B179FE727BCC8381E5B87083D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to female but differs in having: body with extensive black tint on different parts; flagellum longer and slenderer (1.13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A518F37DA7920EE416F0695AA4D2EF11" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as head width); metasomal petiole longer (4.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BAC786D3006AF205BC701DA25A53E175" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, ca. 0.66
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7C68AF14869B5CBBAF627D5E6612F245" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as dorsal length of gaster), with sides parallel and dorsum with weak median carina.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Epitranus clavatus</emphasis>
<caption id="69DD16343CDFDBE4C5F6A4E78FB2D438" doi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467092" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph id="DF0A28C16A9B015712082C14538697D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="8D70458B108F088120AEA8BE29686D98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F5294FDB3564C9D181ECEB16640D15DF" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis id="BC251D53BA8B41785564D963DCF98310" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Epitranus clavatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius) (female)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5514728FEE1D41D9FC981ECFC1AC17C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
head (frontal view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D197B2C96E2A0713810D213FCDCE70B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
lower part of face showing frontal lobe (frontal view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B66CB56EEB2962B85D26FCDB92473F6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
antennal pedicel and flagellum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0F7E8EFBB801CD60A4BE598F73BCDE4D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
propodeum and part of metasomal petiole (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="95ACA1D5A7069F378E743349A5B56EEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="host">
<paragraph id="908D0444F99A627D5CC4EF5BD0E48A9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F58543A72FA2E96E8E5A48A55842EB49" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Small
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4F0D322C5E353579C215D8859DA718CF" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
such as fungus moths (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" family="Tineidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="family">Tineidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="15206FF17E29F986143B843A4D7894F1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tineidae</taxonomicName>
):
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Tinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tinea antricola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antricola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tinea antricola</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CF73647312FA55983B7021280CC28554" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Tinea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tinea antricola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antricola">
<emphasis id="6CEFB8FAC5D695665A3722700212E75B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tinea antricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Meyrick, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Crypsithyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypsithyris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Crypsithyris</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D6D89753A16DEEB2B28A7A1A554776AF" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Crypsithyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypsithyris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9A34F5A397755AC4911F880D97B9BAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Crypsithyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="577 - 822" refId="B3" refString="Boucek, Z, 1982. Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus. Journal of Natural History 16: 577 - 822, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" title="Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" volume="16" year="1982">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="065E30EA6A2F56AFF4EEBA9EAB18354C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="577 - 822" refId="B3" refString="Boucek, Z, 1982. Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus. Journal of Natural History 16: 577 - 822, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" title="Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" volume="16" year="1982">
<normalizedToken id="0C36C8877C74A068C9BA6016984B4BAD" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Noyes, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" refId="B29" refString="Noyes, J, 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" title="Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" year="2019">Noyes 2019</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F39D75CF88B5DB97BC09FADF12B91D1B" author="Noyes, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" refId="B29" refString="Noyes, J, 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" title="Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication." url="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids" year="2019">Noyes 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="426F9E6B822CCF0BDDD1F68376E02932" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0F8EAF5FC604B62F084A86E9AACE6583" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D26E6A4FEA256380E9CC93D7F3FF3A45" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
1♀&amp;1♂, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Asir, Abha, Garf Raydah Natural Reserve [
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.98" value="18.194715">18°11'40.98&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2CB991B3562EF574115FA8B752FDCD6F" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.98" value="18.194715">18°11'40.98&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.66" value="42.39602">42°23'45.66&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2D96C4D28DB46C97C9C56DA06150DCFF" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.66" value="42.39602">42°23'45.66&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, Alt. 1861 m], sweeping net, 12.IV.2019, leg. Ahmed M. Soliman [KSMA]; 1♂, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Asir, Abha, Wadi Marabah [
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="09.59" value="18.16933">18°10'09.59&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="1BF87AB9EB17C98BC1FAFD2CF1D66977" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="09.59" value="18.16933">18°10'09.59&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.12" value="42.370865">42°22'15.12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C0B2E7ACF5839113B7EACB6707F62E18" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.12" value="42.370865">42°22'15.12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1205 m], sweeping net, 13.IV.2019, leg. Ahmed M. Soliman [KSMA].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="29FC76D57A4CC47AB5CE25385DE6AA37" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C34E420FC8D385DFB2BAF16D565CA1D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38D6090547AD6F4744CE91C771BC74FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
This species probably originates from SE Asia and was repeatedly introduced following trading (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="577 - 822" refId="B3" refString="Boucek, Z, 1982. Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus. Journal of Natural History 16: 577 - 822, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" title="Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" volume="16" year="1982">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="4EB224C61CB46C1588E8E94C58F614C6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="577 - 822" refId="B3" refString="Boucek, Z, 1982. Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus. Journal of Natural History 16: 577 - 822, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" title="Oriental chalcid wasps of the genus Epitranus." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770451" volume="16" year="1982">
<normalizedToken id="837705CCA38310FD368C1F6A60B2F04C" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
), Iran (
<bibRefCitation author="Moravvej, SA" journalOrPublisher="North-Western Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="267 - 268" refId="B26" refString="Moravvej, SA, Lotfalizadeh, H, Shishehbor, P, 2018. On the presence of the subfamily Epitraninae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 14 (2): 267 - 268" title="On the presence of the subfamily Epitraninae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) in Iran." volume="14" year="2018">Moravvej et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2DA1D28C4FD6AD5AA72DE696A00FA3E0" author="Moravvej, SA" journalOrPublisher="North-Western Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="267 - 268" refId="B26" refString="Moravvej, SA, Lotfalizadeh, H, Shishehbor, P, 2018. On the presence of the subfamily Epitraninae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) in Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology 14 (2): 267 - 268" title="On the presence of the subfamily Epitraninae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) in Iran." volume="14" year="2018">Moravvej et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
), Saudi Arabia (Asir region) (new record).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Epitranus clavatus</emphasis>
<caption id="32F090CA1A691DDD708713A4F047B06C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.979.52059.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/467093" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="D557DC4410F326D39ED5652250A2762A" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="5B37F0EE7E1ACC3519BA526614689576" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0DDA308C8B41175F6C09AE1376B18A8C" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Epitranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitranus clavatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis id="D7DCD4724C17C090F6B07F268A3479AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Epitranus clavatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius) (female)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0BF0E0F06BC48934F9D5D57D2C20DEFC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
fore wing (parts of wing membrane and MV and STV magnified)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B, C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FCA52DCD4412CF1E173D169E7712D0EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B, C</emphasis>
hind leg, excluding coxa (outer and ventral views respectively)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1805E343705B0C34FF5D19041521CF5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
metasoma (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>

158
data/72/D2/01/72D201A097368B90FBFEE9C790633FE3.xml
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@ -1,141 +1,141 @@
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<mods:title>New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada: Oxyporinae</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyporus_stygicus" authority="Say, 1831" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus (Oxyporus) stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus" subGenus="Oxyporus">Oxyporus (Oxyporus) stygicus Say, 1831</taxonomicName>
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Map 6
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="266">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">
<subSubSection id="8C80D5F7D5DD23B92F4E38E0BFFC9A52" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="3" pageNumber="266" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="9B53C93F441F7563F357D10D0FFA519B" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52AADED4D713F8330992E64690817900" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag River Valley Nature Preserve,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.194">46.1940°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="58973593A045EB9EDED16504558FC523" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.194">46.1940°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.68">67.6800°W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7E4838BF8022F0678C48BD4B0AB1230A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.68">67.6800°W</geoCoordinate>
, 23.VI.2006, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, in
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Boletus" order="Boletales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="3EE84064F0EDE4939754D8670E5515AC" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" start="start">Boletus</pageBreakToken>
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sp. mushrooms (2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Becaguimec Island in Saint John River,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.3106">46.3106°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FAE6D3CBE4040DD16DDB8FE30212C599" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.3106">46.3106°N</geoCoordinate>
,
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<geoCoordinate id="12F82B4B457C93FB57831F7B43610DD5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.5392">67.5392°W</geoCoordinate>
, 13.IX.2006, R. P. Webster, mature mixed forest, on
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pholiota</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B31935961D1E28C212952BB53C4B7C6F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pholiota</taxonomicName>
sp. mushrooms on log (1 ♂, 3 ♀, NBM, RWC). Sunbury Co., Lakeville Corner,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9007">45.9007°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9732CB30F2DC36F40CBB46D1DABE4B8F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9007">45.9007°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.2423">66.2423°W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9EFFAFD6A3438163A16A40B9DEC9B38C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.2423">66.2423°W</geoCoordinate>
, 10.IX.2006, R. P. Webster, silver maple forest, on
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<taxonomicName id="0290D2C832E0448D6FBCC5A9ED1A4C8D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Boletus" order="Boletales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Boletus</taxonomicName>
sp. mushroom (2 ♂, RWC).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="268">
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<paragraph id="F368321D2DE5401599DB62933DE9B475" pageId="5" pageNumber="268">
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6. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5583B33F5CDF992A2C6BB5F0FD2BEDD8" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="268">Collection and habitat data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="268">
<subSubSection id="23182265CFC717BF4AA1B8AAE3E90C06" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" type="collection and habitat data">
<paragraph id="0FF19FDB9B8B756803F864275BE3D8FD" pageId="5" pageNumber="268">Collection and habitat data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E65FFD4D8F411DA67CA4F401DB8491E" pageId="5" pageNumber="268">
The biology, development, and a description of the larval characteristics of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2B61951959B3E9516BCD613F0BF14D22" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
were reported by
<bibRefCitation author="Hanley, RS" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="6" pageNumber="269" pagination="213 - 225" title="Natural history, development and immature stages of Oxyporus stygicus Say (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxyporinae)." volume="48" year="1994">Hanley and Goodrich (1994)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3992421B5ACC12EC7519255246E60F89" author="Hanley, RS" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="6" pageNumber="269" pagination="213 - 225" title="Natural history, development and immature stages of Oxyporus stygicus Say (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxyporinae)." volume="48" year="1994">Hanley and Goodrich (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. They reported this species from three families of fungi:
<taxonomicName genus="Cortinariaceae" lsidName="Cortinariaceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" rank="genus">Cortinariaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="59823217EF3FD464689B349E4B5D9DD1" genus="Cortinariaceae" lsidName="Cortinariaceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" rank="genus">Cortinariaceae</taxonomicName>
(
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<taxonomicName id="23AA675297D9480F080383E630D99A8A" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pholiota</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName genus="Polyporaceae" lsidName="Polyporaceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" rank="genus">Polyporaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79768B64BD3FD23BA023A1BE5C9DD53A" genus="Polyporaceae" lsidName="Polyporaceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" rank="genus">Polyporaceae</taxonomicName>
(
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,
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus" order="Polyporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Polyporus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9936E3779BF0C0A35DE535ECEBE42392" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus" order="Polyporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Polyporus</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName genus="Tricholomataceae" lsidName="Tricholomataceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" rank="genus">Tricholomataceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="114BE3253AF95A248E84E697AFB6A3B8" genus="Tricholomataceae" lsidName="Tricholomataceae" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" rank="genus">Tricholomataceae</taxonomicName>
(
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<taxonomicName id="F3FC282C15CA5AB434C13AFBE1670367" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Armillaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Armillaria" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Armillaria</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Omphalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Omphalotus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Omphalotus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A0232C162DFEFF508D8A5A4D9AE03359" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Omphalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Omphalotus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Omphalotus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pleurotus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6DB1B53BEF8A68F0BDAC8F0720AB92FE" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pleurotus</taxonomicName>
). Large series of immatures were collected from
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota aurivella" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aurivella">Pholiota aurivella</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BB5F6197A63269334660852E11E0FD2C" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota aurivella" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aurivella">Pholiota aurivella</taxonomicName>
(Fr.) Kummer,
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pholiota</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0B55DBB87D380657F34EE128B4CDA2AA" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pholiota</taxonomicName>
sp., and
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Omphalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Omphalotus illudens" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="illudens">Omphalotus illudens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D3C066C2FE38338986FD7C28F54BCF7F" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Omphalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Omphalotus illudens" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="illudens">Omphalotus illudens</taxonomicName>
(Schw.) Bigelow.
<bibRefCitation author="Weiss, HB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="6" pageNumber="269" pagination="1 - 20" title="Fungus insects and their hosts." volume="33" year="1920">Weiss and West (1920)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="E866AE8444387A87AAB8D32FE9CCF828" author="Weiss, HB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="6" pageNumber="269" pagination="1 - 20" title="Fungus insects and their hosts." volume="33" year="1920">Weiss and West (1920)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A21E08A157F39397E6F0759DF41DAB95" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus ostriatus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ostriatus">Pleurotus ostriatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="294F93CE6A4D28D2A905805DD2D546FB" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus ostriatus" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ostriatus">Pleurotus ostriatus</taxonomicName>
Fries.
<bibRefCitation author="Hanley, RS" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="6" pageNumber="269" pagination="267 - 280" title="Review of mycophagy, host relationships and behavior in the New World Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)." volume="49" year="1995 b">Hanley and Goodrich (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8851E226E20A41C29B8C729E38848882" author="Hanley, RS" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="6" pageNumber="269" pagination="267 - 280" title="Review of mycophagy, host relationships and behavior in the New World Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)." volume="49" year="1995 b">Hanley and Goodrich (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6ACF1B8C71A71457D606E923BD8A5DC0" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus stygicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygicus">Oxyporus stygicus</taxonomicName>
to have a relatively narrow range of host species compared with other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oxyporus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AF18C528AA78382CA90E0D2841AA8B07" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Oxyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyporus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oxyporus</taxonomicName>
sp. This species was collected from
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Boletus" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Boletus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2E649AF3C1EC79220BF2C3D7124D088E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Boletus" order="Boletales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Boletus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pholiota</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="610B28587E11C64EF0CBEB586A7D3267" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Strophariaceae" genus="Pholiota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pholiota" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pholiota</taxonomicName>
spp. mushrooms in mixed forests and a silver maple (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer saccharum" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saccharum">Acer saccharum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C3B40CEF7E41FA3E0406326E218C284D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer saccharum" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saccharum">Acer saccharum</taxonomicName>
Marsh) forest in New Brunswick. Adults were collected during June and September.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="268" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="268">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="268">
<subSubSection id="227A1A40550E798F9C5857AB9D7CFA44" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2EF9B7A42857E4D7E036DD385E0A7F10" pageId="5" pageNumber="268">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06603939CC995AE365B37E33B57EF17A" pageId="5" pageNumber="268">
QC, NB, NS (
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell, JM" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" pagination="225 - 268" title="A revision of the New World Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)." url="10.4039/Ent101225-3" volume="101" year="1969">Campbell 1969</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8C6916E29070084DD1D8F29A8425B170" author="Campbell, JM" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="5" pageNumber="268" pagination="225 - 268" title="A revision of the New World Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)." url="10.4039/Ent101225-3" volume="101" year="1969">Campbell 1969</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

171
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@ -1,142 +1,141 @@
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="35">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D63B29EA66922102D9851B66E488C96A" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 522-25
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">♀ (TAMU): MEXICO: Guerrero 6.4 mi SW Filo de Caballo 9000 ft VII-8-1987 R. Wharton [five lines on a single label].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BCB3C1AFC7D590549614E8B2D3F5F176" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CA8A0F979A2E3CF4F87481709F0DED8" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">♀ (TAMU): MEXICO: Guerrero 6.4 mi SW Filo de Caballo 9000 ft VII-8-1987 R. Wharton [five lines on a single label].</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">(TAMU): 1 ♀, same data as holotype except collected by Woolley and Zolnerowich; 1 ♀, Guerrero, 7 mi SW Filo de Caballo, 12.vii.1985, J. Woolley and G. Zolnerowich.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9EB336E83DF82D5E2959A3D1537456F5" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Paratypes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96DA43E5D15A9969D2A77CB9B8D64052" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">(TAMU): 1 ♀, same data as holotype except collected by Woolley and Zolnerowich; 1 ♀, Guerrero, 7 mi SW Filo de Caballo, 12.vii.1985, J. Woolley and G. Zolnerowich.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
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<paragraph id="4FE4DB10F2FBA6F90A33BBFC865A61CC" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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This species is most readily recognized by the dark brown hind femur. All other species from the New World have relatively pale (whitish to dark yellow) hind femora. The petiole is completely dark, as in
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, sp. n., but the latter is a much larger species with a distinctly broader gena.
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">(♀). Length of body: 1.9-2.2 mm (m=2.0), length of fore wing 2.8-3.2 mm (m=2.8).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="E220D61C14E99211C9918172610E096F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F3F39A74854D2054616A6C5718E114A" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CF7FA6CCC651316E3D1BE2060D61724F" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">(♀). Length of body: 1.9-2.2 mm (m=2.0), length of fore wing 2.8-3.2 mm (m=2.8).</paragraph>
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Head. 27-29 flagellomeres; first flagellomere length 3.0-5.5
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width (m=4.3), fifteenth flagellomere length 3.5-4.0
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width (m=3.7), fifth from last flagellomere 3.5
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width. Face 1.4-1.6 (m=1.5)
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wider than high. Clypeus nearly semi-circular in shape, with ventral margin truncate to very slightly concave (Fig. 22); 1.7-2.1 (m=1.95)
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wider than high; 1.2-1.5 (m=1.35)
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wider than distance between clypeus and eye. Mandible not obviously expanded basally. Gena relatively narrow (Fig. 24). Occipital carina extending about 0.7-0.8
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distance from eye to nearest lateral ocellus.
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<paragraph id="857079EA78571CB79A25C8ED4FEA5E13" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
Mesosoma. Posterior-ventral margin of lateral pronotum distinctly impressed, varying from crenulate to nearly smooth for most of length. Precoxal sulcus weakly impressed, not extending close to anterior margin of mesopleuron; precoxal sulcus approximately 30 degrees, inclined slightly less vertically than
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
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. Notaulus narrow, weakly impressed, crenulate over anterior 0.3 of mesoscutal disc; with relatively sparse cluster of short setae at finely rugulose base of anterior declivity and 1-2 widely spaced longer setae extending posteriorly. Propodeum with median carina present anteriorly, bifurcating near anterior 0.2 to form five-sided areola over posterior 0.8; surface densely punctate-rugose to coarsely granular laterally and posteriorly, obscuring carinae, weakly sculptured to nearly smooth anteriorly on either side of short median carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Wings. Fore wing r-m very weakly pigmented at extreme base; somewhat tubular (with lateral boundaries distinct) over anterior 0.3-0.5; m-cu distinctly postfurcal; 3M distinctly pigmented in basal third, gradually weakening and becoming depigmented distally. Hind wing m-cu indistinct.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph id="05DC5A9D66F9CBC62494F9EB36AC7DC6" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Wings. Fore wing r-m very weakly pigmented at extreme base; somewhat tubular (with lateral boundaries distinct) over anterior 0.3-0.5; m-cu distinctly postfurcal; 3M distinctly pigmented in basal third, gradually weakening and becoming depigmented distally. Hind wing m-cu indistinct.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F990B5F7C79B2FD8C6AD5B7E1EB6966" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
Legs. Hind tibia 8.7-9.5 (m=9.1)
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longer than maximum width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="36" start="start">Metasoma</pageBreakToken>
<paragraph id="B39AB4EEE783C232C93B3BB19EA4BA19" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<pageBreakToken id="F46AEF196983F8031379212ADB0CC423" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" start="start">Metasoma</pageBreakToken>
. Petiole 2.3-2.9 (M=2.65)
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longer than apical width. Female ovipositor short but distinctly protruding, about 0.9
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length of mesosoma. Ovipositor sheath about 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="66470F068A24082A8B723615D709B249" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Color. Head, thorax, and petiole dark red-brown. Scape and pedicel yellow, first four flagellomeres light brown, quickly darkening distally to dark brown; palps, mandible, clypeus, and tegula yellow. Metasoma posteriad petiole medium brown. Legs yellow except hind femur medium to dark brown medially with apical and basal 0.1-0.15 pale, tibia and tarsus almost completely medium brown, tibia variously pale brown dorsally. Ovipositor sheath dark brown, ovipositor light brown. Wings hyaline.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD53C3C4481FA2E52C01CB10BA956044" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Color. Head, thorax, and petiole dark red-brown. Scape and pedicel yellow, first four flagellomeres light brown, quickly darkening distally to dark brown; palps, mandible, clypeus, and tegula yellow. Metasoma posteriad petiole medium brown. Legs yellow except hind femur medium to dark brown medially with apical and basal 0.1-0.15 pale, tibia and tarsus almost completely medium brown, tibia variously pale brown dorsally. Ovipositor sheath dark brown, ovipositor light brown. Wings hyaline.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="male and host">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Male and Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Unknown.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="4F90DB9ABDEE9165C3A08D8DEC9EB388" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="male and host">
<paragraph id="E56C83DB3C5A18BD1310F339C6D1C3DF" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Male and Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5058FA3733BD2EC1A86758E5F838B69C" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">South central Mexico.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="76F4ABC256B0141FAEFB4AF36A04D5B8" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="480D53F68D894BEE36B6314A230DB8EE" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B78C28D10F17DD973FE716D642FD2FB0" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">South central Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">The name ormenus is derived from Greek: ormenus, petiolated. The name refers to the elongate petiole of the species.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="1A5E810153871E11907D99A36A3AC8E9" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="864EA126D6877D6D97BB508723791595" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1ACE9D27DD9515BBE5603360240E0333" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">The name ormenus is derived from Greek: ormenus, petiolated. The name refers to the elongate petiole of the species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="57BD7A9DB786F841F943D2ED77EBEAFD" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" type="comments">
<paragraph id="E71801512A41760370616D32EE553306" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7EA8E6CC03AFE0A6D45F2B735C4A9E1D" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
This is a small-bodied species similar in size to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes microsomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsomus">Eurytenes microsomus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BE9C41FE02D8809F928716C789A0A78A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes microsomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsomus">Eurytenes microsomus</taxonomicName>
but with a more heavily sculptured propodeum and darker hind femur.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes ormenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ormenus">Eurytenes ormenus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="321C73FA8E40BDBBDF2C9039DDD687A3" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes ormenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ormenus">Eurytenes ormenus</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the long, narrow petiole, similar in form to the petiole of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes pachycephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachycephalus">Eurytenes pachycephalus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D6CBF2BFEC6BB6FC8A8E59832193BE2D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes pachycephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachycephalus">Eurytenes pachycephalus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D046A31DF3A0C6C40C2B7B56E9E63F95" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Eurytenes abnormis</taxonomicName>
and unlike the broader petiole of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes microsomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsomus">Eurytenes microsomus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2C8CAEAB65DBB05D4988963B822AA200" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes microsomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsomus">Eurytenes microsomus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes dichromus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichromus">Eurytenes dichromus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DE6302D06DEE73C8DD6E6B0A69AFE726" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes dichromus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichromus">Eurytenes dichromus</taxonomicName>
. As in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes pachycephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachycephalus">Eurytenes pachycephalus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="52AAE5E0F2E404EFE492A7EEBA07C00F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes pachycephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pachycephalus">Eurytenes pachycephalus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., and unlike the other three species, the petiole is uniformly very dark in coloration. The anterior tentorial pits of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes ormenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ormenus">Eurytenes ormenus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="45A74F50B686632394C147010B126792" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes ormenus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ormenus">Eurytenes ormenus</taxonomicName>
are slightly larger in this species than in the others treated here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

258
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2.
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="31">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 10-12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">, 13-16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="32B74AEBD838F89F9749FCCBA608D41B" captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">, 13-16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="FCFF39A3FD5FCD1AD7EAD47A29094872" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="269563E2DDCFC89EDED0E70776A16205" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91925B541C21301471C966949EA62523" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Occipital marking Y-shaped. Flagellar verticils 3 times longer than corresponding segment. Postgena with short narrow stripe near inner margin of eyes. Prescutum with one broad, dark-brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Wing
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="stigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="134ED00F184D1C5AAEF086AFBE1380C9" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="stigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
pale brown with yellowish brown margin; Sc1 apically reaching 3/5 of Rs. Abdominal dorsum with one dark-brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with two finger-like sclerotized protrusions. Gonostylus with blunt apex and swollen base. Paramere reniform, apex ended at 2/5 of aedeagus. Aedeagus with strong ventral mid-protrusion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Male</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="5550F1EC73516F3BDEA1DFEA5F8E7CBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="5BD3EB52ACCE6504A60C45F0B9AF3CAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5548487D4808DEC8638D28EB7A3FCF39" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="75FEA19B9CC3CDFE17CA9A69EB92763F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Male</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">n</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5856FB0213A0D825FEA06BE3C15E297" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">n</emphasis>
= 2): body length 9-10.5 mm, wing length 10-11 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Head</emphasis>
<paragraph id="4FDF76AC6E9E3EB52CF428ADBC4A1084" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="5FF037BCE4129E50861BCD52307BD4DF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Head</emphasis>
mostly yellow (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="81979C8CF290B9A0EF281BC8F006BA7D" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CA12C70AAA3354ECEE6F4FE157C72D21" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
). Vertex dull yellow. Occiput dull yellow, covered with black setulae. Occipital marking dark brown, but pale brown at posterior part, Y-shaped, with anterior marking linked with inner margin of eyes. Head with black setulae. Antenna 14-segmented; scape dark brown, pedicel yellowish brown, flagellomeres yellowish brown; flagellar verticils black, three times longer than corresponding segment. Nasus 1/2 as long as rostrum. Rostrum and nasus brown to dark brown. Labella pale yellow, with black setulae and inner margin with brown. Postgena light yellow with short narrow stripe near inner margin of eyes. Palpi dark brown with black setulae.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 10–12" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 10-12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ren &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia medexocha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medexocha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia medexocha</emphasis>
<caption id="8A44DCE28FE0CFE18008C03786DBB48F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 10–12" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="C0CEA62A1CBC4D22C10C6E0B561421CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="BAE37B307584F72C41D47CA7A163D898" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 10-12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="16652E38604FCEBE349883E4249B3458" authorityName="Ren &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia medexocha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medexocha">
<emphasis id="C8974DBBCE5A20829D249F1A47CC0203" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia medexocha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A5EB25ABB0153BA85E958B7148FEA407" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</emphasis>
male habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DFEF8A93D24F3E73482005A2FBD865AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</emphasis>
<emphasis id="92AB53D2053DF256563E878F340FDE6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</emphasis>
right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Thorax</emphasis>
<paragraph id="11F8DC6EAAC30D1BB26F652210E41479" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="9850F65497A1EB278833FB9EACAA68CE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Thorax</emphasis>
mostly yellow (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="915747DDF131BA7BD3399821814FC3B3" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C57CA553A17B2EDE6EF52D3225C5FB55" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
). Cervical sclerite pale brown with black outer margin. Pronotum dull yellow with dull brown median stripe. Prescutum with one broad, dark-brown mid-longitudinal stripe and black setulae at lateral margin. Scutum dark brown with black setulae around outer margin. Scutellum dark brown with tapered yellow median stripe. Mediotergite dark brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="764D37AD9A8670A2F17B99080973DB1E" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
). Mesopleura entirely light yellow except katepisternum with dark brown margin at antero-lateral corner and subspiracular sclerite dull yellow; center of episternum with eight black setulae. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; femora yellowish brown with dark-brown terminal ring; tibiae yellowish brown, with dull brown subapical ring; tarsi reddish brown to dark brown. Setulae on legs black. Wing hyaline, pale brown;
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="stigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="50982855A0A27278AB7E90A978F8AAC7" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="stigma" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
pale brown with yellowish brown margin; Sc1 apically reaching 3/5 of Rs; while Sc2 apically reaching 3/4 of Rs; basal deflection of CuA1 far before branching point of M. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2525ECFE1544C5D442C824A23D5E97D8" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</figureCitation>
). Halter with dull-brown stem and pale-brown to dark-brown knob (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="40205721C29DA5DC5B0E11D788F68843" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Abdomen</emphasis>
<paragraph id="2D368E19F5D2BD046FFAE5376498A708" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="900E059BC2276C0242D302EE074727CE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Abdomen</emphasis>
mainly light yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="EE423D7B821A60F46ACDCC0852792675" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">10</figureCitation>
). Dorsum with one dark-brown mid-longitudinal stripe. Abdominal segments 7-9 entirely dark brown; hypopygium mostly dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Hypopygium</emphasis>
<paragraph id="CB39B44AD4BEEE25D37331D8D33BBB5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="CBE568A4F1D54AF40B7A60260677D0E9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="04D8B5DDF49821ACBCF2897A92939434" captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8844EEC14F7934D3244CABF97755EFDE" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of tergite 9 with two finger-like, sclerotized protrusions that constrict at base and project outward at apex (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4019C357BBB9369CE99B8CB2175A0A93" captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxite wide at base and narrow at apex, longer than wide. Gonostylus with blunt apex and swollen basal protrusion that is strongly outward and hairy (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9222C6A300049C8CD4AA79EE586EFDFB" captionStart="Figures 8–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 8 - 9. Limonia macrostigma, female 8 cercus and hypogynial valves, lateral view 9 cercus and hypogynial valves, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures8-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456134" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6C3435B26D2187A68A2A7D099FD730B0" captionStart="Figures 10–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 12. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 10 male habitus, lateral view 11 head and thorax, dorsal view 12 right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures10-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456135" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">11</figureCitation>
). Paramere reniform with small apical protrusion and rod-shaped; apex ended at 2/5 of aedeagus (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13-16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4A0B9BC76A12BBE43927E7E8F606A053" captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13-16</figureCitation>
). Aedeagus complex; mid-ventral margin with strong protrusion which is long and rectangular in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="84CE648D8AE90CB927F7FA1F7B51A446" captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">15</figureCitation>
); outer margin serrated; apex with small notch; spherical protrusion located mid-ventrally at base (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13-16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="802BF9B1A7D54655BA36604D31EBAADA" captionStart="Figures 13–16" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 16. Limonia medexocha sp. nov., male 13 hypopygium, dorsal view 14 hypopygium, ventral view 15 hypopygium, lateral view 16 aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13-16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 13–16" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 13-16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ren &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia medexocha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medexocha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia medexocha</emphasis>
<caption id="910C393F0CDC4F89B544CF2C7408B7D2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456136" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 13–16" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="0E48859AD13B11AB62AE5095BC7B0D25" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="F468FF307F5BED2E7647366A2315119C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 13-16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B927CB6540EDA5EC7E609C1DF5067743" authorityName="Ren &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia medexocha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medexocha">
<emphasis id="9AB1DA64049F433D15B875D8C7253A45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia medexocha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13</emphasis>
<emphasis id="196E32FCC0D57886B872C9EE70E0E9CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13</emphasis>
hypopygium, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">14</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C67C74FE8BCF634021E14DCC9BF75C8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">14</emphasis>
hypopygium, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">15</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EA02615BAA5EB438FC672CC17756C9A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">15</emphasis>
hypopygium, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">16</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4BFA806B646ECCFA8F2D503B79AAEC84" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">16</emphasis>
aedeagus and paramere. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456137" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 17–19" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 17-19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia phragmitidis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitidis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia phragmitidis</emphasis>
<caption id="0800845DF30E3B6B98AF830EE27206B5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.971.35875.figures17-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/456137" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 17–19" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="7F982EB3CDC9DDF5AB019B535AA0C4BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="3173529F65ABD40C5A20B70F0E441D66" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 17-19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C01BE26F837482D21B3A79FF9515B755" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia phragmitidis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phragmitidis">
<emphasis id="69C7A435912E86A8BA84A91B0E2C90DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia phragmitidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">17</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2118B5B11983A5E175847BB3BD2FC12C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">17</emphasis>
male habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">18</emphasis>
<emphasis id="06D016766D413BED3F03B9F2A580DAD5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">18</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">19</emphasis>
<emphasis id="34BE2F55FA933E75400B079DCABD76DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">19</emphasis>
right wing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Female</emphasis>
<paragraph id="B8917F530E1390D89131C5D82DC62689" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="563CACD453D278A3ABD2D1CB9DA620E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Female</emphasis>
(unknown)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Holotype</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="A6BBD11D43D67A9EAC2AB70512267AAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="type material">
<paragraph id="3212ACB05D88D5C31AC44DA11BFC1AC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2914685C6C2C4E806F5F7539FB39C04D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B89C534E859D42A1E8A5EE0997DBD7F3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Holotype</emphasis>
male, China: Ningxia, Guyuan, Liupan Mountain,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="35.38">35.38N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5280A090D5986E951DBDC87CD193EA59" degrees="35.38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="35.38">35.38N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="106.31" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="106.31">106.31E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="00A1FE7DB2C506A165FD0C644941BCBC" degrees="106.31" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="106.31">106.31E</geoCoordinate>
, elev. 2210 m, 2017.VII.20, Jiale Zhou (CAU).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Paratypes</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8F6EEEC18E7DC4FB74174967046CAE98" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 1 male, China: Sichuan, Pingwu, Wanglang, elev. 2910 m, 2017.VII.29, Yuqiang Xi (CAU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">China (Ningxia: Guyuan; Sichuan: Pingwu).</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="9A6DB12691D185D3DB85CD13539C85A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DE017C6E449A8F43D10ABCC221FAE789" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C96005EA9E349AE1C1C711FD3BF71C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">China (Ningxia: Guyuan; Sichuan: Pingwu).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="312A3172E96A1118494AF25BB14B87FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BE1487C99AC810C32597955EFFA5CEAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20FE5877D504C95BB1A2D9F990EABADD" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
The specific name, from Latin,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">medius</emphasis>
<emphasis id="05DA166D051C99EE68F79637A0627736" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">medius</emphasis>
(adj., meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“middle”">&quot;middle&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="16C96BED6972E1F158C009D4C78D7325" originalValue="“middle”">&quot;middle&quot;</normalizedToken>
), and Greek
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">exocha</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E1886E3903CFFF3F17E523376D4047D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">exocha</emphasis>
(adj., meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“protruded”">&quot;protruded&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2C1E408439F989A8AEBF6B748A27F6E3" originalValue="“protruded”">&quot;protruded&quot;</normalizedToken>
), refers to the median protrusion at the dorsal margin of the aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="BA26A3F6E2376B23AB78B80DBA2D6909" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="A84957328BF74BF980735F8932FA3F0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C996D4BAAD0D1A81B752FDEEBD408EE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
This new species is very unique and differs from other known species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A9DAC5C3CCC6491207544482DFA33301" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32766A75408A0A81FCCDABEFE3BC636F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Limonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This new species is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. macrostigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CB96733B50B7D06746309311FF2DDE11" lsidName="L. macrostigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
<emphasis id="D8EE29D5160D0021CA503A41C4ECDA22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schummel, 1829) in wing
<taxonomicName lsidName="stigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C68670452A30E0FC8BE5EC390288B314" lsidName="stigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="stigma">stigma</taxonomicName>
. It can be separated from the latter by the following features: body yellow; occiput yellow with Y-shaped marking; gonostylus with obtuse apex; paramere with obtuse apex; aedeagus with strong mid-ventral protrusion. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. macrostigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B7B28D3B362B584B980DE624D00F15F2" lsidName="L. macrostigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="macrostigma">
<emphasis id="9DE18C80EF7268035C9FA5FB92F658AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">L. macrostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the body is brown; the occiput is black brown; the prescutum has two lateral stripes; the gonostylus has a slender apex; the paramere has a slender and pointed apex; and the aedeagus has no mid-dorsal protrusion (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B15" refString="Podenas, S, Podeniene, V, 2017. Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea. Zootaxa 4231 (1): 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" title="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" volume="4231" year="2017">Podenas and Podeniene 2017</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9E2759988DD7243252EC28E7F2C3F039" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" author="Podenas, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B15" refString="Podenas, S, Podeniene, V, 2017. Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea. Zootaxa 4231 (1): 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" title="Limonia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.1" volume="4231" year="2017">Podenas and Podeniene 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

322
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<taxonomicName LSID="72F94882-091B-5FC3-9E52-E59C52DEAE46" authority="Wunderlich, 2011" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">Chthonopes jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="79A3DBCFA73EFD81347640EFF727AD35" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5398C553875C452204393768C286DA9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<taxonomicName id="59D499FD4B48B116BA1F3FA876077024" ID-CoL="V3J9" LSID="72F94882-091B-5FC3-9E52-E59C52DEAE46" authority="Wunderlich, 2011" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">Chthonopes jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution records of five species of the genus Chthonopes: C. bifidum sp. nov. (scarlet circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Shenmi cave; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Dehong, Luxi City, Mangliu village, Xianfo cave); C. jimudeng sp. nov. (yellow circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Jimudeng village; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Maku village); C. jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 (carmine circle: 1, 2. Laos, Bolikhansay Province ,, Lak Sao, Tham Mang Kone; 3. Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai; 4. Laos, Bolikhamxay Province: Khamkeut area); C. cavernicola Wunderlich, 2011 (light blue circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Tham Boumlou, inside cave); C. thakekensis Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014 (green circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai, Tham Phayat, limestone cave)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758052" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 6</figureCitation>
<subSubSection id="005B0274FCD0E1546ED58073751D69AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph id="E0582FB1F4F82E73A7205DCFF4FF7C0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<figureCitation id="59F54F41DE3E4DD2DEFCCF57E8832B40" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1F333F7D9B49656CB099A8DDB0D3AD01" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="67C18A248ADA0C42F6E3C7D833788A1F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution records of five species of the genus Chthonopes: C. bifidum sp. nov. (scarlet circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Shenmi cave; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Dehong, Luxi City, Mangliu village, Xianfo cave); C. jimudeng sp. nov. (yellow circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Jimudeng village; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Maku village); C. jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 (carmine circle: 1, 2. Laos, Bolikhansay Province ,, Lak Sao, Tham Mang Kone; 3. Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai; 4. Laos, Bolikhamxay Province: Khamkeut area); C. cavernicola Wunderlich, 2011 (light blue circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Tham Boumlou, inside cave); C. thakekensis Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014 (green circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai, Tham Phayat, limestone cave)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758052" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">Chthonopes jaegeri</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="2588454DE6E71DC5D94DFBD31922BFF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6374BF28C0368C07645B66DAB836D0AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<taxonomicName id="75E9473551A6B71AD4A8B059E5AB64D8" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">Chthonopes jaegeri</taxonomicName>
Wunderlich, 2011: 435, fig. 18a-f (♂♀).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-11-25" collectorName="S. Li" country="Laos" elevation="495" latitude="17.55" location="Ban Phoungam-Mai" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" municipality="Thakek area" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Khammouan Province">
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
<subSubSection id="099F59E94123DF579BD235908DD52977" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2FC12BAE2815009F7D539677E0E3E80F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5A968E42EB8B71C823232CFE62A9FAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<materialsCitation id="EB97EB5A8BBC2CF759B96B93333B0F21" collectingDate="2012-11-25" collectorName="S. Li" country="Laos" elevation="495" latitude="17.55" location="Ban Phoungam-Mai" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" municipality="Thakek area" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Khammouan Province">
<specimenCount id="E7B62811B34E3B083A865ABD5C078521" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="A1E0A4439C9DE210974F5E1AEE992C90" name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="Laos" name="Khammouan">Khammouan Province</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="8719C6E9E3574DCF02DAC6B03CEA06F4" country="Laos" name="Khammouan">Khammouan Province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality>Thakek area</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingMunicipality id="9F8427E539797B136411F9E76A467B90">Thakek area</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:CD86B74A6446B5B56C59E59F406ECC59" country="Laos" latitude="17.55" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" municipality="Thakek area" name="Ban Phoungam-Mai" stateProvince="Khammouan Province">
<location id="CD86B74A6446B5B56C59E59F406ECC59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:CD86B74A6446B5B56C59E59F406ECC59" country="Laos" latitude="17.55" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" municipality="Thakek area" name="Ban Phoungam-Mai" stateProvince="Khammouan Province">
Ban
<normalizedToken originalValue="Phôungam-Mai">Phoungam-Mai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="89AC73D6C63667B09F2CC53C4B783E9D" originalValue="Phôungam-Mai">Phoungam-Mai</normalizedToken>
</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.55" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="17.55">17.55°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0E75627B0A53A222E50EAE6323D3323C" degrees="17.55" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="17.55">17.55°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81°E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="CDC56240C521C28A04D2B7E579309A9C" degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">
<elevation id="64D3817D21BF9BA9496F5F4005265020" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">
elevation
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">495 m</quantity>
<quantity id="BD096B230DB695D77ADA08A4318CA64C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">495 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate value="2012-11-25">25.XI.2012</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="5A36E56E66E153C7192281834B79000D" value="2012-11-25">25.XI.2012</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>S. Li</collectorName>
<collectorName id="70377BF1256306888D6ACBC0F480B2D9">S. Li</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-11-27" collectorName="Z. Yao" country="Laos" elevation="495" latitude="18.22" location="Khamkeut area" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="104.81" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">
<specimenCount type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
<materialsCitation id="D24010F46A0C07469E3C11F8F6581881" collectingDate="2012-11-27" collectorName="Z. Yao" country="Laos" elevation="495" latitude="18.22" location="Khamkeut area" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="104.81" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">
<specimenCount id="AE15E124433127DD8B383037309F5F73" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Bolikhamxay Province</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="4E4674E9379E7B00ADCDB00CFD70CA34" inferredBySuffix="true">Bolikhamxay Province</collectingRegion>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:2F09FE52323FB898E868BFAF80605FE2" country="Laos" latitude="18.22" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="104.81" name="Khamkeut area" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">Khamkeut area</location>
<location id="2F09FE52323FB898E868BFAF80605FE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:2F09FE52323FB898E868BFAF80605FE2" country="Laos" latitude="18.22" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="104.81" name="Khamkeut area" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">Khamkeut area</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="18.22">18.22°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C04E9A4354606378AD11F2B20D545374" degrees="18.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="18.22">18.22°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81°E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9B62BCF4D69B7A09214875CB211C7091" degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">
<elevation id="65A4C5BD7F2BF8E7FC54AF2EC7EDE628" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">
elevation
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">495 m</quantity>
<quantity id="ACC2F7603C050FC532B29BB024CD526D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" unit="m" value="495.0">495 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate value="2012-11-27">27.XI.2012</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="1DB00B7981D3E5E78F7F4153E0627F43" value="2012-11-27">27.XI.2012</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Z. Yao</collectorName>
<collectorName id="A1E1A5E9AFC6EB1BB471C376DF909453">Z. Yao</collectorName>
leg
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-03-03" collectorName="H. Steiner" country="Laos" elevation="501" latitude="17.22" location="Lak Sao" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
<materialsCitation id="9D772D88CF757797DD5568C8DDBA4C24" collectingDate="2010-03-03" collectorName="H. Steiner" country="Laos" elevation="501" latitude="17.22" location="Lak Sao" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">
<specimenCount id="8B47BB7010265809DE82A42D053D838E" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="6C54E7F6449D6DEA37251AACBBC60D8F" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Bolikhamxay Province</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="A83CC6211139124271FEF44F3FF385EF" inferredBySuffix="true">Bolikhamxay Province</collectingRegion>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:ACEC3EEEC0B2E09CF4D12904AD7641C5" country="Laos" latitude="17.22" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" name="Lak Sao" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">Lak Sao</location>
<location id="ACEC3EEEC0B2E09CF4D12904AD7641C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72F94882091B5FC39E52E59C52DEAE46:ACEC3EEEC0B2E09CF4D12904AD7641C5" country="Laos" latitude="17.22" longLatPrecision="767" longitude="104.81" name="Lak Sao" stateProvince="Bolikhamxay Province">Lak Sao</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="17.22">17.22°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D5BFFFF7AAFA45723A88499E5B23A085" degrees="17.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="17.22">17.22°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81° E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="80195A0D7D0029135A75A3F06A4F751A" degrees="104.81" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="104.81">104.81° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" unit="m" value="501.0">
<elevation id="03B09CFED26138D58E6027F98F0002CC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" unit="m" value="501.0">
elevation
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" unit="m" value="501.0">501 m</quantity>
<quantity id="E35F18E09668F92CCF7EF27DC4D8C86A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" unit="m" value="501.0">501 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate value="2010-03-03">3.III.2010</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="3FB78DE26D531F22C54FA2BB03B4F1F0" value="2010-03-03">3.III.2010</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>H. Steiner</collectorName>
<collectorName id="EB7F286FA78E99FDC89E7E664EE7DF4F">H. Steiner</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chthonopes jaegeri</emphasis>
<caption id="6411CC034A9C9F9BA0737D44320B280A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="57A2D6C12B43BB192CAD60BF7BFC1C14" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="51E56C70D7B9F5842213E9F80A97B68E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B7B863B30854E45AB19F5839169A193A" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis id="BE3153535ABD09A226E8A1518EAC4664" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chthonopes jaegeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male habitus (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A, B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="63DF6339EF09F5D06600FA1F8F07EC04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A, B</emphasis>
), female habitus (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C, D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E8B43B950BA540B4DFE2C52923B3DF16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C, D</emphasis>
) and epigyne (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E-G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F44B305DBA17A3B617D36876111D6AEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E-G</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C6BF53567A35E01E3FBB884E9745315E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6E01C3AE814F07A653774547F75919BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3BB8162CC206F6B1F1C505F04321E44C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2832F4E95DD8E35A937116BC93C1A968" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="37E651B30D43098FBD81C3E3E0E45644" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
intact, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="595B0192059A89B4EF4380520F7BDA80" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
cleared, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="59933B14E5FC048B798043EBB5A642C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="D2638C8426157B63B427DFA9B0A16FE4" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A-D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7D393C463EFC5C5420388A9E7F876E22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A-D</emphasis>
);
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
<quantity id="7E1E5407D7F1742A394C38AA9FE800C6" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E, F, G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="053B50855AF54867649B453216EA64CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E, F, G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="65868995070C15BD993D9BBAEE2C98CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3D11C2A83F6204246EA598FD54B78157" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E77EF3ACB042D157AB7B575C9FF1409" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
The male of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. jaegeri</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FFDBADD563DE0706B5ACE2B6B912BF2" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis id="90B94AEF067FC66A59A4BF8899D89765" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. jaegeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles those of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. cavernicola</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="803096B290A56A2194D454D47CBC9A83" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. cavernicola" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="DDB39893DAC1105D309BFF64EF601B1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wunderlich, 2011: 433, figs 8-18) in having a large and flat, laminar median apophysis which bears a tiny needle-shaped distal horn (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E5A9B6FAC867D67D7CD5A08940AA1DC2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4A-C</figureCitation>
) (vs. median apophysis relatively small, consisting of triangular base and biforked distal horn in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. bifidum" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. bifidum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87FED763B7416EA430E7BDEAFCBEF85D" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. bifidum" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidum">
<emphasis id="E4968D2600F51486366420AD7825119C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. bifidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male palp of the holotype of Chthonopes bifidum sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum; TTr = tibial trichobothium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758048" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">2C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C0C3E6C2587F1D703F6FF0C5C337914A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male palp of the holotype of Chthonopes bifidum sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum; TTr = tibial trichobothium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758048" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">2C</figureCitation>
), but differs in the combination of genitalic and somatic characters: distal apophysis of the tegulum is erect, apex relatively sharp, pointing distally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A718642ACB05446C810A36AF918FA4F7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4C</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="554AB4544A1626A296901495A4968E56" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 435, fig. 18b) (vs. curved, apex truncated, pointing proximally;
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0F403D40F35BAF7BC5CFE12D20E2C2A5" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 433, fig. 17); cymbium apically-ventrally with a pair of long and bristle-shaped hairs on a hump (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2C724B2CC1967E81CC3C598668C7CDDB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4C</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1EEE969D6CCF5571E1520FC7D9DD02F4" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 435, fig. 18b) (vs. cymbium bearing apically four tiny hairs which are not situated on a hump;
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="41DDD714FF71F1FF213DBEB2B8890458" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 433, fig. 17); both anterior and posterior eye rows with 4 eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5C19487ADC335E80437260C8A1AC6944" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3A</figureCitation>
) (vs. anterior eye row with 6 eyes, posterior eye row with 2 eyes;
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="039FE4D5CAF131ED8521390618A1C642" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 433, figs 8-10). Females of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. jaegeri</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="51EED4E82275DF9E183B9BDC8A92E19C" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis id="16FA16C884D50D0AFBC6F2928E184811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. jaegeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. thakekensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thakekensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. thakekensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C424BDBFC77327524DA9681D01A919DB" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. thakekensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thakekensis">
<emphasis id="BCF2CFDA620F5A10D9E9EBBDC1ACE622" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C. thakekensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C71D191561E09AD4FA28F8CB22C3FCAD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 98, figs 17A-E, 18A-C) by the epigynal plate with a long, rugose scape, and by the similar configurations of vulva, but they can be differentiated by the circular main spermathecae separated by about 1/3 of their diameter (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="39F45458F0F60F30FA16B0C4DBD9832D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3G</figureCitation>
) (vs. semi-circular main spermathecae separated by about 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="28465D6993E7CB86F406A4BA7794A8D9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their width;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D5898676B75CAC958CD49DEF4904C5AB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 98, figs 17C, E, 18C), the accessory spermathecae consisting of a tubular stalk and globular head (vs. accessory spermathecae claviform, not subdivided;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F2F45C67288BB7E06BEF13B15F8A8C8C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 98, figs 17C, E, 18C), and by the strongly sclerotized fertilization ducts (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="879E9BB210B30E19064A22A143059F85" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3G</figureCitation>
) (vs. membranous FDs;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="232C076D62A4C1C50F30F6288D4A95E6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" author="Lin, YC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="75 - 102" refId="B2" refString="Lin, YC, Li, SQ, Jaeger, P, 2014. Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos. ZooKeys 391: 75 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" title="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" volume="391" year="2014">Lin et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 98, figs 17C, E, 18C).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<caption id="2F24E364C434033B95D8FA39E003646B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="CC91549A669E2CC716813C61EE90FB88" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="10CC75D0439D4910AAE5A50E695E7261" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Male palp of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chthonopes jaegeri</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1503C03A9F5CD3681BDCD5D51E23E89B" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiosomatidae" genus="Chthonopes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chthonopes jaegeri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis id="5A8BC7E08D1CC952CB7A7A77C83C216E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Chthonopes jaegeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="73503BE312DFB0050EFA3D7F2E0A761A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
prolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EDCD14B18F6F5E707CD4700CFE89C525" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
retrolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D4C4F5E01BAE160DBF8D37BFB47226BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D8736DF65E3C01D07199E9C217D9FF23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A-D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="37CCCF22662B4534F0EFA576A930840B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A-D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="43387C65B6CF07158F27876E77925A30" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph id="6CBA2A02C7B63CBEF181E69F1C1F9C64" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3175A0E6E02AC5E45BE83C1995ECEE62" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
See
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich (2011)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D8F41FEDFFE20794167D54C8F0496F02" author="Wunderlich, J" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Araneologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 640" refId="B4" refString="Wunderlich, J, 2011. Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). Beitraege zur Araneologie 6: 1 - 640" title="Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae)." volume="6" year="2011">Wunderlich (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7EC0293558B73946D950140E535776A6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3A-D</figureCitation>
, male palp as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1B1964E0B79204912E385D3D5D3F1002" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758050" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">4A-D</figureCitation>
, epigyne as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3E-G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="47DC45FB1CE8ED330502B13B687F028C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E, F, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758049" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3E-G</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="4EF44961AF6A34784A67ACDBB212173D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A7E4F9DE25C790222E78DBBB287DF96D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A2F5FE1BEB01A6BEB72429E0AF2B6F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Laos (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution records of five species of the genus Chthonopes: C. bifidum sp. nov. (scarlet circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Shenmi cave; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Dehong, Luxi City, Mangliu village, Xianfo cave); C. jimudeng sp. nov. (yellow circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Jimudeng village; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Maku village); C. jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 (carmine circle: 1, 2. Laos, Bolikhansay Province ,, Lak Sao, Tham Mang Kone; 3. Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai; 4. Laos, Bolikhamxay Province: Khamkeut area); C. cavernicola Wunderlich, 2011 (light blue circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Tham Boumlou, inside cave); C. thakekensis Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014 (green circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai, Tham Phayat, limestone cave)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758052" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="62C6267DE06455B54A339BA566236BDE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution records of five species of the genus Chthonopes: C. bifidum sp. nov. (scarlet circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Shenmi cave; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Dehong, Luxi City, Mangliu village, Xianfo cave); C. jimudeng sp. nov. (yellow circle: 1. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Jimudeng village; 2. China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Maku village); C. jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 (carmine circle: 1, 2. Laos, Bolikhansay Province ,, Lak Sao, Tham Mang Kone; 3. Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai; 4. Laos, Bolikhamxay Province: Khamkeut area); C. cavernicola Wunderlich, 2011 (light blue circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Tham Boumlou, inside cave); C. thakekensis Lin, Li &amp; Jaeger, 2014 (green circle: Laos, Khammouan Province, Thakek area, Ban Phoungam-Mai, Tham Phayat, limestone cave)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/758052" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>