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<mods:title id="E23DCDC0035F3D6E89530CB3E8A6F0CF">Four new species of Mesomyzostoma (Myzostomida: Annelida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CCDC1B0888F920E1E7F7B84411625785">Greg W. Rousea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88A001EA992F7ED7299E80C39B312A1A">Deborah Lanterbecq</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1B779B2F776B5394C59E30A433F43FC">Mindi M. Summersa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="382C02B14C65D330ED712966B4EDA35A">Igor Eeckhaut</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="2F2FE66B9402FFDA55F8B8821A2FFCD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672668" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672668" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F2FE66B9402FFDA55F8B8821A2FFCD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F2FE66B9402FFDA55F8B8821A2FFCD6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatment id="2F2FE66B9402FFDA55F8B8821A2FFCD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672668" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672668" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F2FE66B9402FFDA55F8B8821A2FFCD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F2FE66B9402FFDA55F8B8821A2FFCD6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" scope_family="Myzostomatidae" scope_order="Myzostomida" scope_phylum="Annelida">
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC55F8B8821ABAFD00" authority="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" authorityName="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" box="[204,1009,678,704]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC55F8B8821ABAFD00" authority="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" authorityName="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" box="[204,1009,678,704]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC55F8B88218AEFD00" bold="true" box="[204,485,678,704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mesomyzostoma lobus</emphasis>
Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC5594B8DB181CFCD6" box="[160,343,767,790]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC5594B8DB181CFCD6" box="[160,343,767,790]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC5594B8DB181CFCD6" box="[160,343,767,790]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149402FFDC546BB8DA18D7FCD6" box="[351,412,766,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9402FFDC5606B8DA1A22FCD6" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[818,873,766,790]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="357 - 371" part="54" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Eeckhaut I. 2010. Evidence for cospeciation events in the host-symbiont system involving crinoids (Echinodermata) and their obligate associates, the myzostomids (Myzostomida, Annelida). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 54: 357 - 371." title="Evidence for cospeciation events in the host-symbiont system involving crinoids (Echinodermata) and their obligate associates, the myzostomids (Myzostomida, Annelida)" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC5594B905181CFCF8" box="[160,343,801,824]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC5594B905181CFCF8" box="[160,343,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
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@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Rowe, Hoggett,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9402FFDC5594BFA21A9DFA5E" blockId="10.[160,982,1377,1438]" box="[160,982,1414,1438]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Noun from Latin,
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC545EBFA218EFFA5E" box="[362,420,1414,1438]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC545EBFA218EFFA5E" box="[362,420,1414,1438]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC545EBFA218EFFA5E" box="[362,420,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, referring to the lobate nature of the specimens.
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Noun from Latin,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9402FFDC5594BFDE1842F97F" blockId="10.[160,1156,1494,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Large
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC55D8BFDE18EDF9D1" box="[236,422,1530,1553]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC55D8BFDE18EDF9D1" box="[236,422,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
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with body having central trunk giving rise to multifurcating lobes. No introvert, no lateral organs or cirri. Number of chaetigers unknown, inconspicuous chaetae present, located close to trunk margin. Emergent hooks small with thin shaft, tip curving 80° with respect to shaft. No replacement hooks. Mouth at end of anterior part of trunk. Simultaneous hermaphrodite. Parasitic in coelom of crinoid oral disc.
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ with body having central trunk giving rise to multifurcating lobes. No introvert
<caption id="F3F907F59403FFDD5594B9E61A44FB66" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163250/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[178,1137,142,930]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="A739577D9403FFDD5594B9E61A44FB66" blockId="11.[160,1156,961,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9403FFDD5594B9E6184AFC19" bold="true" box="[160,257,962,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9403FFDD543DB9E518A2FC18" box="[265,489,961,984]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9403FFDD543DB9E518A2FC18" box="[265,489,961,984]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9403FFDD543DB9E518A2FC18" box="[265,489,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mesomyzostoma lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9403FFDD54C2B9E61A97FC19" bold="true" box="[502,988,962,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ with body having central trunk giving rise to multifurcating lobes. No introvert
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9403FFDD543EB9FB18ECFBD3" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(B) Oral disc dissected open, revealing coiled gut of host and emerging parts of a specimen or specimens of</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9403FFDD549BB9DF1B49FBD2" box="[431,514,1019,1042]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9403FFDD549BB9DF1B49FBD2" box="[431,514,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9403FFDD573FB9D8188AFBF1" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
@ -203,14 +203,14 @@ D).
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9404FFDA5594BA951A2FFCD6" blockId="12.[160,1156,140,790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5594BA9518DDFF09" box="[160,406,177,201]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5594BA9518DDFF09" box="[160,406,177,201]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA5594BA9518DDFF09" box="[160,406,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesomyzostoma lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149404FFDA54A8BA9518BAFF09" box="[412,497,177,201]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was observed filling the coelom of crinoid discs (
<figureCitation id="3FBD4BF89404FFDA513ABA951D2DFF09" box="[1038,1126,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="11.[160,225,962,985]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,930]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[178,1138,142,930]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 4. Mesomyzostoma lobus sp. nov. (A) Swollen oral disc of host crinoid Clarkcomanthus albinotus. (B) Oral disc dissected open, revealing coiled gut of host and emerging parts of a specimen or specimens of M. lobus sp. nov. (arrows). (C) Anterior end of holotype showing mouth and anterior gut (arrow) and fi rst chaetiger (arrowhead). (D) Parts of a specimen or specimens live after extraction from the host. (E) Scanning electron micrograph view of a specimen fragment. (F) Micrograph of a parapodium digested in bleach showing the parapodial hook apparatus. Abbreviations: anc, anal cone of crinoid oral disc; ac, acicula; h, hook; m, mouth of crinoid oral disc; ma, manubrium; tr, central trunk from which lobes arise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163250/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 4</figureCitation>
B). The morphology of this species is unusual for myzostomes and our attempts to extract an intact parasite from the host coelom failed. It was not impossible to determine whether one individual or more infested one crinoid. The multi-lobed, folded body that characterizes
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA55C0BB18181FFE93" box="[244,340,315,339]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA55C0BB18181FFE93" box="[244,340,315,339]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA55C0BB18181FFE93" box="[244,340,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149404FFDA5454BB1818F0FE94" box="[352,443,316,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ collected near Lizard Island. The authors did not name the species and their des
. The worm they described presented presumably two stages, a protandric hermaphroditic ectosymbiont and female endosymbiont (
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9404FFDA565CB8281D3DFDE4" author="Heinzeller T &amp; Aschauer B &amp; Lange A &amp; Welsch U." box="[872,1142,524,548]" editor="Emson RH" journalOrPublisher="Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="3 - 8" part="1995" refString="Heinzeller T, Aschauer B, Lange A, Welsch U. 1995. A myzostomid invading the connective tissue of its host Comanthus parvicirrus (Crinoidea). In: Emson RH, Smith A, Campbell A, editors. Echinoderm research 1995 proceedings of the European Echinoderms Colloquium. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema; p. 3 - 8." title="A myzostomid invading the connective tissue of its host Comanthus parvicirrus (Crinoidea)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Echinoderm research" year="1995">Heinzeller et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5594B80B18D7FD86" box="[160,412,558,582]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5594B80B18D7FD86" box="[160,412,558,582]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA5594B80B18D7FD86" box="[160,412,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesomyzostoma lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149404FFDA5493B80A1B49FD86" box="[423,514,558,582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -248,12 +248,12 @@ Heinzeller et al.
s (1995)
</bibRefCitation>
species by (1) its simultaneous hermaphroditic condition and (2) its localization in the coelomic channels of the host disc.
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5408B8501B7FFD4B" box="[316,564,627,651]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5408B8501B7FFD4B" box="[316,564,627,651]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA5408B8501B7FFD4B" box="[316,564,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesomyzostoma lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149404FFDA570FB8571BDAFD4B" box="[571,657,627,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was first reported (as
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA56BEB8501D0AFD4B" box="[906,1089,628,651]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA56BEB8501D0AFD4B" box="[906,1089,628,651]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA56BEB8501D0AFD4B" box="[906,1089,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1) as being a parasite of
@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ in
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA54A4B8FF1BE4FD33" box="[400,687,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clarkcomanthus albinotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA56F0B8F81D69FD33" box="[964,1058,731,755]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA56F0B8F81D69FD33" box="[964,1058,731,755]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lobus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA56F0B8F81D69FD33" box="[964,1058,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. lobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149404FFDA511FB8FF1DCFFD33" box="[1067,1156,731,755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>

View file

@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
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Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut sp. nov.
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut sp. nov.
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<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA5594B988181CFC03" box="[160,343,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149404FFDA546BB98F18D7FC03" box="[351,412,939,963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut sp. nov.
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9404FFDA57DAB98F1A6EFC03" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[750,805,939,963]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebr Biol" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="283 - 301" part="128" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Eeckhaut I. 2009. Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia). Invertebr Biol. 128: 283 - 301." title="Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5594B9EB181CFC26" box="[160,343,975,998]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA5594B9EB181CFC26" box="[160,343,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149404FFDA546BB9EA18DCFC26" box="[351,407,974,998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ individuals. Collector: Greg Rouse, 13
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9404FFDB5594BCA1181BF9F5" blockId="12.[160,1155,1633,1727]" lastBlockId="13.[160,1156,1357,1589]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9404FFDA5594BCA1181CF95C" box="[160,343,1669,1692]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9404FFDA5594BCA1181CF95C" box="[160,343,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with elongated, flat, ribbon-like, crenulate body. Muscular pharynx present; eversibility unknown. No marginal cirri. Five chaetigers along body, chaetae close to trunk margin but parapodia absent or very low and then only anteriorly. Emergent hooks small with thin shaft, tip curving to 90° with respect to shaft. No replacement hooks. Aciculae as long as emergent hooks, but twice as thick at the base. Manubrium flag-like, developed on one side. Numerous ovoid lateral organs located on humps all along body margin. Mouth at extreme anterior end, cloaca posteriorly. Penes absent, but seminal vesicles at third chaetiger. Hermaphrodite. Parasite of crinoid coelom.
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ with elongated, flat, ribbon-like, crenulate body. Muscular pharynx present; eve
<caption id="F3F907F59405FFDB5594BE051DC8FAC6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163251/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[178,1137,142,1025]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="A739577D9405FFDB5594BE051DC8FAC6" blockId="13.[160,1156,1056,1286]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9405FFDB5594BE0519B6FBF8" bold="true" box="[160,253,1057,1080]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9405FFDB5431BE0418A4FBF7" box="[261,495,1056,1079]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9405FFDB5431BE0418A4FBF7" box="[261,495,1056,1079]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9405FFDB5431BE0418A4FBF7" box="[261,495,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mesomyzostoma okadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9405FFDB54CCBE0518A2FBB3" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ E).
Individuals found in coelom of pinnules close to gonads and in coelom of arms (
<figureCitation id="3FBD4BF89406FFD85593B9051848FCF9" box="[167,259,801,825]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1057,1080]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[178,1138,142,1026]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Mesomyzostoma okadai sp. nov. (A) Paratype (SIO-BIC A 4080) in life. (B) Same specimen still partly inside arm of host crinoid. (C) Posterior end of paratype in A showing chaetigers 4 and 5, posterior cloaca and uterus, both fi lled with eggs. (D) Anterior end of paratype shown in A showing small fi rst chaetiger, pharynx and digestive diverticulae. (E) Detailed scanning electron micrograph view of anterior margin of paratype (SIO-BIC A 4086), showing lateral organs and low parapodia. (F) Micrograph of a parapodium digested in bleach showing the parapodial hook apparatus. Abbreviations: 1 5 refer to chaetigers; ac, acicula; c, cloaca; dt, gut diverticulae. go, arm gonad of host; h, hook; lo, lateral organ; ma, manubrium; pi, pinnule of host; u, uterus; ph, pharynx; m, mouth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163251/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 5</figureCitation>
B). Live specimens with translucent margin, yellowish ovaries, orange digestive diverticula. Individuals in life less translucent than
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD857E3B9601A64FC9B" box="[727,815,835,859]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD857E3B9601A64FC9B" box="[727,815,835,859]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD857E3B9601A64FC9B" box="[727,815,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but still allowing observation of some internal organs (
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ D). Some specimens with pair of white seminal vesicles at level of third chaetig
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9406FFD85594B9D618A5FB3C" blockId="14.[160,1155,973,1276]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594B9D618E5FBC9" box="[160,430,1009,1033]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594B9D618E5FBC9" box="[160,430,1009,1033]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD85594B9D618E5FBC9" box="[160,430,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesomyzostoma okadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149406FFD85488B9D51B51FBC9" box="[444,538,1009,1033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -215,25 +215,25 @@ is found in the same host (
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD8564EB9D51AB1FBC9" box="[890,1018,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and same geographic location as
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85481BE311B59FBEC" box="[437,530,1044,1068]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85481BE311B59FBEC" box="[437,530,1044,1068]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD85481BE311B59FBEC" box="[437,530,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It also occurs in the same body region of the host and both species could be found in the same individual host.
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85661BE131D16FB8E" box="[853,1117,1078,1102]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85661BE131D16FB8E" box="[853,1117,1078,1102]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD85661BE131D16FB8E" box="[853,1117,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesomyzostoma okadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149406FFD85150BE13199BFBB1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically distinct from
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD8576EBE7E1BFCFBB1" box="[602,695,1113,1137]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD8576EBE7E1BFCFBB1" box="[602,695,1113,1137]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD8576EBE7E1BFCFBB1" box="[602,695,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its: (1) crenulate body margin from multiple lateral organs located on small humps; (2) its greater body size as adults and relative opacity. The two species are also very distinct in terms of DNA data, with
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BEE61859FB19" box="[160,274,1217,1241]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BEE61859FB19" box="[160,274,1217,1241]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okadai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD85594BEE61859FB19" box="[160,274,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. okadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149406FFD85414BEE51835FB19" box="[288,382,1217,1241]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
being the sister taxon to the other sequenced
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD856F8BEE61DC8FB19" box="[972,1155,1218,1241]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD856F8BEE61DC8FB19" box="[972,1155,1218,1241]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD856F8BEE61DC8FB19" box="[972,1155,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (see below,

View file

@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
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<subSubSection id="EF9C04F69406FFD855F4BF1D1D2FFA93" box="[192,1124,1337,1363]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A739577D9406FFD855F4BF1D1D2FFA93" blockId="14.[192,1124,1337,1397]" box="[192,1124,1337,1363]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="FC71E0119406FFD855F4BF1D1D2FFA93" box="[192,1124,1337,1363]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD855F4BF1D1AB5FA93" authority="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" authorityName="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" box="[192,1022,1337,1363]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD855F4BF1D1AB5FA93" authority="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" authorityName="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" box="[192,1022,1337,1363]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD855F4BF1D18B8FA93" bold="true" box="[192,499,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesomyzostoma botulus</emphasis>
Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
</taxonomicName>
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="A739577D9406FFD85594BFB61A5AFA2F" blockId="14.[160,827,1425,1519]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BFB6181CFA69" box="[160,343,1426,1449]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BFB6181CFA69" box="[160,343,1426,1449]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD85594BFB6181CFA69" box="[160,343,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149406FFD8546BBFB518D7FA69" box="[351,412,1425,1449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9406FFD857CEBFB51A7AFA69" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[762,817,1425,1449]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebr Biol" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="283 - 301" part="128" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Eeckhaut I. 2009. Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia). Invertebr Biol. 128: 283 - 301." title="Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BF91181CFA0C" box="[160,343,1461,1484]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BF91181CFA0C" box="[160,343,1461,1484]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD85594BF91181CFA0C" box="[160,343,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149406FFD8546BBF9018D7FA0C" box="[351,412,1460,1484]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9406FFD857C9BF901A7FFA0C" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[765,820,1460,1484]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebr Biol" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="283 - 301" part="128" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Eeckhaut I. 2009. Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia). Invertebr Biol. 128: 283 - 301." title="Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BFF3181CFA2E" box="[160,343,1495,1518]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9406FFD85594BFF3181CFA2E" box="[160,343,1495,1518]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9406FFD85594BFF3181CFA2E" box="[160,343,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149406FFD8546BBFF318D7FA2F" box="[351,412,1495,1519]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Rowe, Hoggett,
<caption id="F3F907F59407FFD95594BEB01B60FA2E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163252/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[178,1137,142,1141]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="A739577D9407FFD95594BEB01B60FA2E" blockId="15.[160,1156,1171,1518]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9407FFD95594BEB019B7FB6B" bold="true" box="[160,252,1172,1195]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9407FFD95430BEB718B9FB6A" box="[260,498,1171,1194]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9407FFD95430BEB718B9FB6A" box="[260,498,1171,1194]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9407FFD95430BEB718B9FB6A" box="[260,498,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mesomyzostoma botulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9407FFD954CFBEB01823FB08" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ fi ve chaetigers. (C) Juvenile stage with four visible chaetigers and possible e
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9418FFC65594BB541D1EFE48" blockId="16.[160,1109,331,392]" box="[160,1109,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Noun from Latin
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC65451BB4B18FEFE47" box="[357,437,367,391]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC65451BB4B18FEFE47" box="[357,437,367,391]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9418FFC65451BB4B18FEFE47" box="[357,437,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">botulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sausage, referring to the general shape of the specimens.
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Noun from Latin
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9418FFC65594BBCD1D40FD6F" blockId="16.[160,1156,453,687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Small
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC655D0BBCE18D0FDC1" box="[228,411,490,513]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC655D0BBCE18D0FDC1" box="[228,411,490,513]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9418FFC655D0BBCE18D0FDC1" box="[228,411,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with flattened (juvenile) or nearly cylindrical (adult) body. Narrow anterior protrusion (eversible pharynx?) present in some specimens, but no lateral organs or cirri. Adults with none to three pairs of chaetae ventrally along anterior part of body, close to trunk margin; five pairs visible along body in juveniles. Emergent hooks small with thin shaft, tip curving to 90° with respect to shaft. No replacement hooks. Penes absent. Adults hermaphroditic. Parasitic in coelom of crinoid oral disc.
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ B, C, D). Spermatocysts and eggs observed in all parts of trunk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9418FFC65594BFB61838F97F" blockId="16.[160,1156,1389,1727]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
A juvenile and adult of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC65486BFB71B6DFA6A" box="[434,550,1426,1450]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC65486BFB71B6DFA6A" box="[434,550,1426,1450]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9418FFC65486BFB71B6DFA6A" box="[434,550,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. botulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149418FFC6571BBFB61BC3FA6A" box="[559,648,1426,1450]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -233,16 +233,16 @@ found in
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9418FFC657CFBFB61A85FA6A" box="[763,974,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comaster schlegelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Australia are morphologically different from the other specimens as described above, yet do not show any variability in the analysed gene sequences, confirming that they belong to the same species. The possibility that
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC6571BBFDE1BEFF9D2" box="[559,676,1530,1554]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC6571BBFDE1BEFF9D2" box="[559,676,1530,1554]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9418FFC6571BBFDE1BEFF9D2" box="[559,676,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. botulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149418FFC6579BBFDE1A41F9D2" box="[687,778,1530,1554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has an eversible pharynx needs further confirmation, as it was not clear in the available specimens. A specimen of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC65594BC64181CF997" box="[160,343,1600,1623]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC65594BC64181CF997" box="[160,343,1600,1623]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9418FFC65594BC64181CF997" box="[160,343,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Papua New Guinea, which differed in COI sequence from two Australian specimens by a distance of 5.7% or 6.4%, respectively, is provisionally referred to here as
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC6542DBCA118C0F95C" box="[281,395,1668,1692]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9418FFC6542DBCA118C0F95C" box="[281,395,1668,1692]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="botulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9418FFC6542DBCA118C0F95C" box="[281,395,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. botulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149418FFC654A7BCA118A0F95D" box="[403,491,1669,1693]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>

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@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
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<treatment id="2F2FE66B940CFFD1548CBBEC18F8FA0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672664" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672664" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F2FE66B940CFFD1548CBBEC18F8FA0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F2FE66B940CFFD1548CBBEC18F8FA0C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatment id="2F2FE66B940CFFD1548CBBEC18F8FA0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672664" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672664" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F2FE66B940CFFD1548CBBEC18F8FA0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F2FE66B940CFFD1548CBBEC18F8FA0C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" scope_family="Myzostomatidae" scope_order="Myzostomida" scope_phylum="Annelida">
<subSubSection id="EF9C04F6940CFFD2548CBBEC1A20FE22" box="[440,875,456,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A739577D940CFFD2548CBBEC1A20FE22" blockId="4.[440,875,456,517]" box="[440,875,456,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="FC71E011940CFFD2548CBBEC1A20FE22" box="[440,875,456,482]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD2548CBBEC1A20FE22" authority="Okada, 1933" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1933" box="[440,875,456,482]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD2548CBBEC1A20FE22" authority="Okada, 1933" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1933" box="[440,875,456,482]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940CFFD2548CBBEC1B85FE22" bold="true" box="[440,718,456,482]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesomyzostoma katoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C940CFFD257E3BBED1A20FE22" author="Okada Y." box="[727,875,457,482]" journalOrPublisher="Annotnes Zool Jap" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="185 - 188" part="14" refString="Okada Y. 1933. Mesomyzostoma katoi n. sp. an interesting myzostome found in the gonad of Comanthus japonicus. Annotnes Zool Jap. 14: 185 - 188." title="Mesomyzostoma katoi n. sp. an interesting myzostome found in the gonad of Comanthus japonicus" type="journal article" year="1933">Okada, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
<subSubSection id="EF9C04F6940CFFD25594B8051A5CFDBE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A739577D940CFFD25594B8051B80FDF9" blockId="4.[160,791,545,638]" box="[160,715,545,569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="87967053940CFFD25594B8051B80FDF9" box="[160,715,545,569]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594B8051B80FDF9" authority="in Lanterbecq et al. (2006)" authorityName="in Lanterbecq et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[160,715,545,569]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594B8051B80FDF9" authority="in Lanterbecq et al. (2006)" authorityName="in Lanterbecq et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[160,715,545,569]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940CFFD25594B80518DEFDF9" box="[160,405,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesomyzostoma katoi</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C940CFFD25489B8051B80FDF9" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Milinkovitch MC &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[445,715,545,569]" journalOrPublisher="Syst Biol" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="208 - 227" part="55" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Milinkovitch MC, Eeckhaut I. 2006. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent emergences of parasitism in Myzostomida (Spiralia). Syst Biol. 55: 208 - 227." title="Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent emergences of parasitism in Myzostomida (Spiralia)" type="journal article" year="2006">
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ in
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D940CFFD25594B8601BE1FD9B" blockId="4.[160,791,545,638]" box="[160,682,579,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="87967053940CFFD25594B8601BE1FD9B" box="[160,682,579,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594B8601BE1FD9B" authority="in Helm et al. (2014)" authorityName="in Helm et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[160,682,579,603]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594B8601BE1FD9B" authority="in Helm et al. (2014)" authorityName="in Helm et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[160,682,579,603]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940CFFD25594B860181CFD9B" box="[160,343,580,603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940CFFD254B6B86718F3FD9B" box="[386,440,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">katoi</emphasis>
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ in
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D940CFFD25594B8431A5CFDBE" blockId="4.[160,791,545,638]" box="[160,791,614,638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="87967053940CFFD25594B8431A5CFDBE" box="[160,791,614,638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594B8431A5CFDBE" authority="in Summers and Rouse (2014)" authorityName="in Summers and Rouse" authorityYear="2014" box="[160,791,614,638]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594B8431A5CFDBE" authority="in Summers and Rouse (2014)" authorityName="in Summers and Rouse" authorityYear="2014" box="[160,791,614,638]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940CFFD25594B843181CFDBE" box="[160,343,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940CFFD254B6B84218F3FDBE" box="[386,440,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">katoi</emphasis>
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ December 2012.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D940CFFD25594BF4D1BC7F956" blockId="4.[160,1156,1349,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594BF4D1815FA40" box="[160,350,1385,1408]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940CFFD25594BF4D1815FA40" box="[160,350,1385,1408]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940CFFD25594BF4D1815FA40" box="[160,350,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with elongated, thin, ribbon-like body; no introvert or cirri. Five chaetigers, with very low parapodia located close to body margin. Emergent hooks small with thin shaft, tip curving 90° with respect to shaft. No replacement hooks. Aciculae as long as emergent hooks, much thicker at base. Manubria club-shaped, developed on one side. Tens of low, slit-like lateral organs arranged along body margin. Mouth at anterior tip of body, cloaca (exit for digestive tract and uterus) at posterior tip. Body translucent. Two pairs of digestive diverticula. Simultaneous hermaphrodites. One pair of male seminal vesicles opening at third chaetiger. No penes. Parasitic, living in crinoid coelom.
@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ with elongated, thin, ribbon-like body; no introvert or cirri. Five chaetigers,
<caption id="F3F907F5940DFFD35594BF5A1807F97B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163247/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[178,1137,142,1374]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A739577D940DFFD35594BF5A1807F97B" blockId="5.[160,1156,1406,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940DFFD35594BF5A19B6FA55" bold="true" box="[160,253,1406,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940DFFD35432BF5A1B2EFA55" authority="Okada, 1933" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1933" box="[262,613,1406,1429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940DFFD35432BF5A1B2EFA55" authority="Okada, 1933" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1933" box="[262,613,1406,1429]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940DFFD35432BF5A1894FA55" box="[262,479,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mesomyzostoma katoi</emphasis>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940DFFD354DCBF5A1B2EFA55" bold="true" box="[488,613,1406,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Okada, 1933</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ fi rst pair of very inconspicuous parapodia. Abbreviations: 15 refer to chaet
<caption id="F3F907F5940EFFD05594BB891B5CFD6E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163248/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[177,1138,142,398]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A739577D940EFFD05594BB891B5CFD6E" blockId="6.[160,1156,428,686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940EFFD05594BB8919B5FE04" bold="true" box="[160,254,429,452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940EFFD05432BB881B2CFE04" authority="Okada, 1933" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1933" box="[262,615,428,452]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940EFFD05432BB881B2CFE04" authority="Okada, 1933" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1933" box="[262,615,428,452]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940EFFD05432BB8818ABFE03" box="[262,480,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mesomyzostoma katoi</emphasis>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940EFFD054DEBB891B2CFE04" bold="true" box="[490,615,429,452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Okada, 1933</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ C).
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D940FFFD15594BA961AA4FDAA" blockId="7.[160,1156,141,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BA9618D2FF0A" box="[160,409,178,202]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BA9618D2FF0A" box="[160,409,178,202]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15594BA9618D2FF0A" box="[160,409,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesomyzostoma katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from four specimens observed in the gonads of
@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ and now
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C940FFFD154E5BB181B23FE94" author="Okada Y." box="[465,616,316,340]" journalOrPublisher="Annotnes Zool Jap" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="185 - 188" part="14" refString="Okada Y. 1933. Mesomyzostoma katoi n. sp. an interesting myzostome found in the gonad of Comanthus japonicus. Annotnes Zool Jap. 14: 185 - 188." title="Mesomyzostoma katoi n. sp. an interesting myzostome found in the gonad of Comanthus japonicus" type="journal article" year="1933">Okada (1933)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention where the types were deposited. No specimens of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15494BB4418B2FEB7" box="[416,505,351,375]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15494BB4418B2FEB7" box="[416,505,351,375]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15494BB4418B2FEB7" box="[416,505,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are at the University Museum of the University of Tokyo (
@ -294,14 +294,14 @@ are at the University Museum of the University of Tokyo (
). During his career Dr Okada worked at the University of Tsukuba (Shimoda Marine Research Centre), Mie University (Faculty of Fisheries) and at Tokai University (the likely repository there being the Marine Science Museum at Orido in the Shimizu section of Shizuoka city) (
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C940FFFD15708BBCE182CFDE4" author="Watanabe M." journalOrPublisher="Bull Biogeogr Soc Jpn" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" part="36" refString="Watanabe M. 1981. Okada Yaichiro hakase ryakureki [The life of Dr. Yaichiro Okada]. [in Japanese]. Bull Biogeogr Soc Jpn. 36: i - ii." title="Okada Yaichiro hakase ryakureki [The life of Dr. Yaichiro Okada]. [in Japanese]" type="journal volume" year="1981">Watanabe 1981; M. Grygier, pers. comm.; current names used here</bibRefCitation>
). There are no samples from the time of the description held at any of these institutions (E. Nishi, pers. comm.). It therefore seems reasonable to infer that Okada did not deposit any types for
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD1577CB8761BEAFDA9" box="[584,673,593,617]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD1577CB8761BEAFDA9" box="[584,673,593,617]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD1577CB8761BEAFDA9" box="[584,673,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. katoi</emphasis>
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, or that they have been lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D940FFFD155F4B85018F8FA0C" blockId="7.[160,1156,141,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The fact that there are two species of
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<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD157BFB8511A09FD4C" box="[651,834,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present in
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ present in
(see below), from the type locality of Sagami Bay, makes the designation of a neotype necessary. Our specimens from the type locality, Sagami Bay, seemingly differ from those described by Okada by (1) the presence of numerous slit-like lateral organs, (2) the presence of five chaetigers and (3) the greater length of the specimens.
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C940FFFD15108B8DB19ADFCFA" author="Okada Y." journalOrPublisher="Annotnes Zool Jap" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="185 - 188" part="14" refString="Okada Y. 1933. Mesomyzostoma katoi n. sp. an interesting myzostome found in the gonad of Comanthus japonicus. Annotnes Zool Jap. 14: 185 - 188." title="Mesomyzostoma katoi n. sp. an interesting myzostome found in the gonad of Comanthus japonicus" type="journal article" year="1933">Okada (1933)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned in the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15767B9061BE7FCF9" box="[595,684,801,825]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15767B9061BE7FCF9" box="[595,684,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that it does not have any
@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ s (1933)
description (
<figureCitation id="3FBD4BF8940FFFD15612BE131AC9FB8F" box="[806,898,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1406,1429]" captionTargetBox="[178,1137,142,1374]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[178,1138,142,1375]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Mesomyzostoma katoi Okada, 1933. (A) Specimen alive, extracted from a pinnule of the crinoid host, Anneissia japonica. (B) Dorsal view of a complete specimen in life (SAM-E 3407), showing the translucent margin. (C) Ventral view of an incomplete specimen in life (SAM-E 3407), showing the digestive tube (through the translucent margin) and two chaetigers. (D) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) side view of whole specimen (SIO-BIC A 4072) showing the thin body section and the notched margin with small parapodia and the lack of cirri; lateral organs are evident on body margin as small slits. (E) SEM view of a hook emerging from a parapodium. (F) SEM close up of body margin showing lateral organs as small slits. (G) SEM lateral view of the anterior end, showing the mouth and fi rst pair of very inconspicuous parapodia. Abbreviations: 1 5 refer to chaetigers; c, cloaca; ch, chaeta; dt, digestive diverticulae; lo, lateral organs; m, mouth; p, parapodium; pi, pinnule; sv, seminal vesicle; u, uterus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163247/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 1</figureCitation>
C). It is easy to break
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BE7E181CFBB1" box="[160,343,1114,1137]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15594BE7E181CFBB1" box="[160,343,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens while trying to extract them from the crinoid host (Rouse pers. obs.), and we strongly suspect that this is what happened with
@ -349,19 +349,19 @@ Okada
s (1933)
</bibRefCitation>
material. Although
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD154B1BEBB18A8FB77" box="[389,483,1183,1207]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD154B1BEBB18A8FB77" box="[389,483,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is hosted by the same crinoid species as another new
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<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BEE6181CFB19" box="[160,343,1218,1241]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15594BEE6181CFB19" box="[160,343,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species described here (see below), the smooth aspect of the trunk margin in
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15422BEC11824FB3C" box="[278,367,1252,1276]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15422BEC11824FB3C" box="[278,367,1252,1276]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="katoi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15422BEC11824FB3C" box="[278,367,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguishes it easily, as do molecular sequence data. Several specimens of
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<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15431BF231816FADF" box="[261,349,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. katoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were also arguably collected from Papua New Guinea (see

View file

@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
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cf.
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ cf.
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<subSubSection id="EF9C04F6940FFFD15594BC461ACFF95C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A739577D940FFFD15594BC461ACFF95C" blockId="7.[160,994,1633,1692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BC4618A5F9B9" box="[160,494,1633,1657]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergi">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BC4618A5F9B9" box="[160,494,1633,1657]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergi">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15594BC4618A5F9B9" box="[160,494,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesomyzostoma reichenspergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sic) in
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ cf.
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C940FFFD15697BC461A91F9BA" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[931,986,1634,1658]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="357 - 371" part="54" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Eeckhaut I. 2010. Evidence for cospeciation events in the host-symbiont system involving crinoids (Echinodermata) and their obligate associates, the myzostomids (Myzostomida, Annelida). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 54: 357 - 371." title="Evidence for cospeciation events in the host-symbiont system involving crinoids (Echinodermata) and their obligate associates, the myzostomids (Myzostomida, Annelida)" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BCA11ACFF95C" authority="in Summers and Rouse (2014)" authorityName="in Summers and Rouse" authorityYear="2014" box="[160,900,1668,1692]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE940FFFD15594BCA11ACFF95C" authority="in Summers and Rouse (2014)" authorityName="in Summers and Rouse" authorityYear="2014" box="[160,900,1668,1692]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD15594BCA1181CF95C" box="[160,343,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="95F28B6F940FFFD154B6BCA01B6DF95C" box="[386,550,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">reichenspergeri</emphasis>
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ in
<caption id="F3F907F59400FFDE5594BF3D1A65F9DB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163249/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[178,1137,142,1273]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="A739577D9400FFDE5594BF3D1A65F9DB" blockId="8.[160,1155,1304,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9400FFDE5594BF3D19B0FAF0" bold="true" box="[160,251,1305,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9400FFDE5430BF3C1BB8FAF0" authority="Remscheid 1918" authorityName="Remscheid" authorityYear="1918" box="[260,755,1304,1328]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9400FFDE5430BF3C1BB8FAF0" authority="Remscheid 1918" authorityName="Remscheid" authorityYear="1918" box="[260,755,1304,1328]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9400FFDE5430BF3C18D6FAEF" box="[260,413,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9400FFDE5497BF3D18F3FAF0" bold="true" box="[419,440,1305,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cf.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9400FFDE548ABF3C1B0DFAEF" box="[446,582,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">reichenspergeri</emphasis>
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ North Point, Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef (Australia), 14°38.655' S, 145°
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9401FFDF5594BBCE1891FD11" blockId="9.[160,1156,453,721]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9401FFDF5594BBCE181CFDC1" box="[160,343,490,513]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9401FFDF5594BBCE181CFDC1" box="[160,343,490,513]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9401FFDF5594BBCE181CFDC1" box="[160,343,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
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with elongated, somewhat flattened body with no introvert and no cirri. Five pairs of very small parapodia with emergent hooks located ventrally, close to trunk margin. Emergent hooks small with thin shaft, tip curving to 90° with respect to shaft. Replacement hooks present in some parapodia. Aciculae as long and wide as emergent hooks. Manubria small, developed on one side. No lateral organs or penes. Eggs filling dorsal side, spermatocysts found ventrally. Simultaneous hermaphrodites. Parasites of crinoid coelom.
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ E). Lateral organs and penes absent. Cloaca at rear extremity.
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<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9401FFDF5594BF4B1820FA47" author="Remscheid E." box="[160,363,1391,1415]" journalOrPublisher="Abh Senckenberg Naturf Ges" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="179 - 225" part="35" refString="Remscheid E. 1918. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Myzostomiden. Abh Senckenberg Naturf Ges. 35: 179 - 225." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Myzostomiden" type="journal article" year="1918">Remscheid (1918)</bibRefCitation>
obtained five specimens of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9401FFDF578CBF541ACAFA47" box="[696,897,1391,1415]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9401FFDF578CBF541ACAFA47" box="[696,897,1391,1415]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9401FFDF578CBF541ACAFA47" box="[696,897,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. reichenspergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ from
)
</taxonomicName>
] from off the Aru Islands (Indonesia). The specimens were from 0.26 to 1.91 mm long. A search was made by Dr Dieter Fiege, curator of marine invertebrates at the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt, to trace the material collected during the Merton Expedition. The material is not in the Senckenberg collections, although the Museum has material from other groups from this expedition, e.g. other polychaetes and cestodes. It is therefore probable that either Remscheid did not return the
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9401FFDF567BBC461D4DF9B9" box="[847,1030,1634,1657]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9401FFDF567BBC461D4DF9B9" box="[847,1030,1634,1657]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9401FFDF567BBC461D4DF9B9" box="[847,1030,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens or they were lost during return or perhaps during the Second World War. Based on information given in Remscheid
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ specimens or they were lost during return or perhaps during the Second World War
s acknowledgements, it is highly probable that he worked at the University of Bonn, where Prof. R. Hesse followed Prof. H.L. Ludwig as head of the Institute of Zoology. Prof. Reichensperger worked on echinoderms with Prof. Ludwig and became head of the institute himself in 1928. Professors Strubell and Schmidt, both mentioned in Remscheid
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC574CBAD21B36FECE" bold="true" box="[632,637,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"></emphasis>
s acknowledgements, also worked in Bonn. Unfortunately, the collections of the Institute of Zoology in Bonn were destroyed during the Second World War. Consequently, if the material should by chance have been deposited there, it is probably lost. However, owing to (1) the distance from both Lizard Island and Madang to the type locality of the Aru Islands; (2) the hitherto unrecognized diversity of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC54FEBB801A88FE7C" authority="Summers and Rouse 2014" authorityName="Summers and Rouse" authorityYear="2014" box="[458,963,420,444]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC54FEBB801A88FE7C" authority="Summers and Rouse 2014" authorityName="Summers and Rouse" authorityYear="2014" box="[458,963,420,444]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC54FEBB801BCAFE7B" box="[458,641,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9402FFDC57A6BB801AF7FE7C" author="Summers MM &amp; Al-Hakim I &amp; Rouse GW." box="[658,956,420,444]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 344" part="3873" refString="Summers MM, Al-Hakim I, Rouse GW. 2014. Turbotaxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida). Zootaxa. 3873: 301 - 344." title="Turbotaxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida)" type="journal article" year="2014">Summers and Rouse 2014</bibRefCitation>
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ s acknowledgements, also worked in Bonn. Unfortunately, the collections of the I
; and (3) the fact that the host species recorded here is different to that named by
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9402FFDC56B9BBE21D1EFE1E" author="Remscheid E." box="[909,1109,454,478]" journalOrPublisher="Abh Senckenberg Naturf Ges" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="179 - 225" part="35" refString="Remscheid E. 1918. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Myzostomiden. Abh Senckenberg Naturf Ges. 35: 179 - 225." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Myzostomiden" type="journal article" year="1918">Remscheid (1918)</bibRefCitation>
, we hesitate to identify our material as
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC5703BBCD1BB5FDC1" box="[567,766,489,513]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9402FFDC5703BBCD1BB5FDC1" box="[567,766,489,513]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="reichenspergeri">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9402FFDC5703BBCD1BB5FDC1" box="[567,766,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. reichenspergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Our specimens were reported as being parasites of

View file

@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
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<treatment id="2F2FE66B9419FFC455F2B91E1A62FBCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672674" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672674" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F2FE66B9419FFC455F2B91E1A62FBCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F2FE66B9419FFC455F2B91E1A62FBCD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatment id="2F2FE66B9419FFC455F2B91E1A62FBCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672674" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120682497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672674" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F2FE66B9419FFC455F2B91E1A62FBCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F2FE66B9419FFC455F2B91E1A62FBCD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" scope_family="Myzostomatidae" scope_order="Myzostomida" scope_phylum="Annelida">
<subSubSection id="EF9C04F69419FFC755F2B91E1D15FC94" box="[198,1118,826,852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A739577D9419FFC755F2B91E1D15FC94" blockId="17.[198,1118,826,887]" box="[198,1118,826,852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="FC71E0119419FFC755F2B91E1D15FC94" box="[198,1118,826,852]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC755F2B91E1AB3FC94" authority="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" authorityName="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" box="[198,1016,826,852]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC755F2B91E1AB3FC94" authority="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" authorityName="Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut" box="[198,1016,826,852]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9419FFC755F2B91E18A7FC94" bold="true" box="[198,492,826,852]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mesomyzostoma leukos</emphasis>
Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
</taxonomicName>
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF9C04F69419FFC75594B9B71A5AFC30" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A739577D9419FFC75594B9B71A5AFC30" blockId="17.[160,827,915,1008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC75594B9B7181CFC6A" box="[160,343,915,938]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC75594B9B7181CFC6A" box="[160,343,915,938]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9419FFC75594B9B7181CFC6A" box="[160,343,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149419FFC7546BB9B718D7FC6B" box="[351,412,915,939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9419FFC757CEB9B71A7AFC6B" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[762,817,915,939]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebr Biol" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="283 - 301" part="128" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Eeckhaut I. 2009. Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia). Invertebr Biol. 128: 283 - 301." title="Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC75594B992181CFC0D" box="[160,343,950,973]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC75594B992181CFC0D" box="[160,343,950,973]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9419FFC75594B992181CFC0D" box="[160,343,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149419FFC7546BB99118D7FC0D" box="[351,412,949,973]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Rouse, Lanterbecq, Summers and Eeckhaut
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C9419FFC757C9B9911A7FFC0D" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[765,820,949,973]" journalOrPublisher="Invertebr Biol" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="283 - 301" part="128" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Eeckhaut I. 2009. Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia). Invertebr Biol. 128: 283 - 301." title="Bodyplan diversification in crinoid-associated myzostomids (Myzostomida, Protostomia)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC75594B9FD181CFC30" box="[160,343,985,1008]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC75594B9FD181CFC30" box="[160,343,985,1008]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9419FFC75594B9FD181CFC30" box="[160,343,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC136149419FFC7546BB9FC18D7FC30" box="[351,412,984,1008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ sp. 4) were digested for DNA extraction and molecular phylogenetic analyses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D9419FFC75594BC301A88F9EC" blockId="17.[160,963,1519,1580]" box="[160,963,1556,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Named for the white colour of the body, from
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC7578EBC301A06F9EC" authority="Greek" authorityName="Greek" box="[698,845,1556,1580]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE9419FFC7578EBC301A06F9EC" authority="Greek" authorityName="Greek" box="[698,845,1556,1580]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F9419FFC7578EBC301BB5F9EC" box="[698,766,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leukos</emphasis>
, Greek
</taxonomicName>
@ -166,28 +166,28 @@ As the holotype is incomplete, in two fragments, a complete morphological diagno
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3172A8C941AFFC454A6BAAA1BD3FF66" author="Lanterbecq D &amp; Rouse GW &amp; Milinkovitch MC &amp; Eeckhaut I." box="[402,664,142,166]" journalOrPublisher="Syst Biol" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="208 - 227" part="55" refString="Lanterbecq D, Rouse GW, Milinkovitch MC, Eeckhaut I. 2006. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent emergences of parasitism in Myzostomida (Spiralia). Syst Biol. 55: 208 - 227." title="Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent emergences of parasitism in Myzostomida (Spiralia)" type="journal article" year="2006">Lanterbecq et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
: table 3) published the GenBank accession numbers for the COI, 16S and 18S DNA sequences for two individuals of this species (as
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC455FEBAF018CAFF2B" box="[202,385,212,235]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC455FEBAF018CAFF2B" box="[202,385,212,235]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC455FEBAF018CAFF2B" box="[202,385,212,235]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC13614941AFFC454B8BAF01880FF2C" box="[396,459,212,236]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
4a and
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45705BAF01BA3FF2B" box="[561,744,212,235]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45705BAF01BA3FF2B" box="[561,744,212,235]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC45705BAF01BA3FF2B" box="[561,744,212,235]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC13614941AFFC457C7BAF01A79FF2C" box="[755,818,212,236]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
4b), all of which are unique among available sequences for species of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC4579DBAD31A2BFECE" box="[681,864,247,270]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC4579DBAD31A2BFECE" box="[681,864,247,270]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC4579DBAD31A2BFECE" box="[681,864,247,270]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but mere reference to accession numbers does not fulfil the conditions for availability of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45680BB3D1D56FEF1" box="[948,1053,281,305]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45680BB3D1D56FEF1" box="[948,1053,281,305]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC45680BB3D1D56FEF1" box="[948,1053,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. leukos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC13614941AFFC4511DBB3D1DCFFEF1" box="[1065,1156,281,305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
under Article 13.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Therefore, as a diagnostic feature of this new species fulfilling Article 13.1.1 of the Code, we here provide the COI gene
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC454ADBBA518D5FE59" bold="true" box="[409,414,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19"></emphasis>
s DNA sequence in full (Appendix 1). This sequence differs from those of all previously sequenced
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45711BB801B97FE7B" box="[549,732,420,443]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45711BB801B97FE7B" box="[549,732,420,443]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC45711BB801B97FE7B" box="[549,732,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mesomyzostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
@ -218,14 +218,14 @@ C). Colour of individuals in life white.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A739577D941AFFC45594B9AA1A62FBCD" blockId="18.[160,1156,872,1037]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45594B9AA18EFFC65" box="[160,420,909,933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45594B9AA18EFFC65" box="[160,420,909,933]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC45594B9AA18EFFC65" box="[160,420,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mesomyzostoma leukos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC13614941AFFC4549AB9A91B4CFC65" box="[430,519,909,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is clearly a new species based on DNA data (
<figureCitation id="3FBD4BF8941AFFC4512CB9A91D3DFC65" box="[1048,1142,909,933]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="19.[160,225,1398,1421]" captionTargetBox="[198,1107,142,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[198,1118,142,1367]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 8. Phylogenetic relationships of the new Mesomyzostoma species: single most parsimonious tree resulting from the combined dataset alignment. Numbers above and below branches indicate support values&gt; 50 % obtained in the maximum likelihood (100 bootstrap pseudoreplicates) and maximum parsimony analyses (1000 jackknife replicates), respectively. An asterisk (*) indicates&gt; 95 % support for both analyses. There was low support for the relationships among the various Mesomyzostoma species and the maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony results showed some topological di ff erences. Uncorrected pairwise distance percentage values for COI sequences for Mesomyzostoma species from di ff erent localities or with obvious divergences are given. These are specimens of M. botulus sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea and Australia, M. cf. reichenspergeri from Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Australia, M. lanterbecqae from PNG. Unfortunately COI comparisons were not possible between M. katoi (Japan) and M. cf. katoi (PNG) and between Mesomyzostoma B and M. lobus sp. nov. Hypomyzostoma fasciatum was used as outgroup in the analyses, but excluded from the fi gure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163254/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 8</figureCitation>
), but the limited amount of material for morphological study means only a cursory description can be made at this time. The two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45692B9F71D5FFC2A" box="[934,1044,978,1002]" class="Polychaeta" family="Myzostomatidae" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicName id="60862CFE941AFFC45692B9F71D5FFC2A" box="[934,1044,978,1002]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Mesomyzostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myzostomida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="leukos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="95F28B6F941AFFC45692B9F71D5FFC2A" box="[934,1044,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. leukos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8EC13614941AFFC45110B9F61DCFFC2A" box="[1060,1156,978,1002]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>

View file

@ -1,110 +1,110 @@
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="systematic account">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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Subgenus
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Notes.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EB95C18775088BFAD06D6C5214180E9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="notes">
<paragraph id="2C927F32E4051DC969CBE9410A873110" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="125F98E470CA663B20746730E6AA3A58" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
The subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="BE6AA3EEE2C4E79A9173827351875523" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1992" class="Aves" family="Alloptidae" genus="Alloptes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alloptes (Sternalloptes)" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sternalloptes">Alloptes Sternalloptes</taxonomicName>
includes about 20 species and is characterized by the following features (
<bibRefCitation author="Kivganov, DA" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="198 - 208" refId="B24" refString="Kivganov, DA, Mironov, SV, 1992. A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea. Parazitologiya 26 (3): 198 - 208" title="A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea." volume="26" year="1992">Kivganov and Mironov 1992</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="65BF85AC09F97387723F61B523729F98" author="Kivganov, DA" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="198 - 208" refId="B24" refString="Kivganov, DA, Mironov, SV, 1992. A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea. Parazitologiya 26 (3): 198 - 208" title="A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea." volume="26" year="1992">Kivganov and Mironov 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Mironov, SV" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="216 - 222" refId="B28" refString="Mironov, SV, 1996. On a validity of the genus Plicatalloptes (Acarina: Analgoidea: Alloptidae). Parazitologiya 30: 216 - 222" title="On a validity of the genus Plicatalloptes (Acarina: Analgoidea: Alloptidae)." volume="30" year="1996">Mironov 1996</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="ACBB1DB5AD33D52750C9E38858606942" author="Mironov, SV" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="216 - 222" refId="B28" refString="Mironov, SV, 1996. On a validity of the genus Plicatalloptes (Acarina: Analgoidea: Alloptidae). Parazitologiya 30: 216 - 222" title="On a validity of the genus Plicatalloptes (Acarina: Analgoidea: Alloptidae)." volume="30" year="1996">Mironov 1996</bibRefCitation>
): in both sexes, seta
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">mG</emphasis>
<emphasis id="52368252EF8D6D945851525949F2256F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">mG</emphasis>
of genu II is shortspine-like with widely rounded apex; in males, the opisthosoma is triangular, gradually narrowed posteriorly and with noticeable terminal enlargement, idiosomal setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">h3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4547DE35AAA2A8757AC8E9CC44CA28CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">h3</emphasis>
are present or absent, setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">ps2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="35B5E7743D2CA69BA2B8025ECF93B3CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">ps2</emphasis>
are strongly reduced; in females, the opisthosoma with well-developed opisthosomal lobes, idiosomal setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">ps1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6E208D6B4F058F0385BFC70B7F92A505" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">ps1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">f2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0CAA97FB62C221546291CBAD7A35E29A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">f2</emphasis>
are absent. Common hosts of the subgenus
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are birds of the families
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Laridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Laridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D70B58C1960C225647CFE01D8D57F530" class="Aves" family="Laridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Laridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Stercorariidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Stercorariidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D2B796C47C295BC9D78A8E36F0D844A4" class="Aves" family="Stercorariidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Stercorariidae</taxonomicName>
in the order
<taxonomicName authorityName="Canestrini" authorityYear="1879" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="order">Charadriiformes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5F25ADBBB29616C861F699A7DE12A677" authorityName="Canestrini" authorityYear="1879" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Charadriiformes</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Gaud, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B15" refString="Gaud, J, 1976. Acariens sarcoptiformes plumicoles parasites sur les oiseaux: Lariformes et Columbiformes d'Afrique. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Serie in-8o, Sciences zoologiques 214: 1-101." title="Acariens sarcoptiformes plumicoles parasites sur les oiseaux: Lariformes et Columbiformes d'Afrique. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences zoologiques 214: 1 - 101." year="1976">Gaud 1976</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="E33580C1E136FB9F32A46D65741C0E64" author="Gaud, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B15" refString="Gaud, J, 1976. Acariens sarcoptiformes plumicoles parasites sur les oiseaux: Lariformes et Columbiformes d'Afrique. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Serie in-8o, Sciences zoologiques 214: 1-101." title="Acariens sarcoptiformes plumicoles parasites sur les oiseaux: Lariformes et Columbiformes d'Afrique. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Serie in- 8 o, Sciences zoologiques 214: 1 - 101." year="1976">Gaud 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Vasyukova, TT" journalOrPublisher="Publisher: Nauka, Siberian Dept, Novosibirsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B46" refString="Vasyukova, TT, Mironov, SV, 1991. Feather mites of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes of Yakutia. Systematics. Publisher: Nauka, Siberian Dept, Novosibirsk" title="Feather mites of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes of Yakutia. Systematics." year="1991">Vasyukova and Mironov 1991</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="98837A3CB58FC24CEC0C05A1CC5E6922" author="Vasyukova, TT" journalOrPublisher="Publisher: Nauka, Siberian Dept, Novosibirsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B46" refString="Vasyukova, TT, Mironov, SV, 1991. Feather mites of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes of Yakutia. Systematics. Publisher: Nauka, Siberian Dept, Novosibirsk" title="Feather mites of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes of Yakutia. Systematics." year="1991">Vasyukova and Mironov 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kivganov, DA" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="198 - 208" refId="B24" refString="Kivganov, DA, Mironov, SV, 1992. A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea. Parazitologiya 26 (3): 198 - 208" title="A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea." volume="26" year="1992">Kivganov and Mironov 1992</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BBD46BF702E57E7ACC26BF79B90E02BD" author="Kivganov, DA" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="198 - 208" refId="B24" refString="Kivganov, DA, Mironov, SV, 1992. A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea. Parazitologiya 26 (3): 198 - 208" title="A new subgenus and three new species of the feather mite genus Alloptes (Analgoidea: Alloptidae) from terns of the Black Sea." volume="26" year="1992">Kivganov and Mironov 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Mironov, SV" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="161 - 167" refId="B33" refString="Mironov, SV, Kivganov, DA, 1993. New species of feather mites of the superfamily Analgoidea from charadriiformes of Black Sea. Parazitologiya 27 (2): 161 - 167" title="New species of feather mites of the superfamily Analgoidea from charadriiformes of Black Sea." volume="27" year="1993">Mironov and Kivganov 1993</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5CC3A641F664144548144E75583E76A4" author="Mironov, SV" journalOrPublisher="Parazitologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="161 - 167" refId="B33" refString="Mironov, SV, Kivganov, DA, 1993. New species of feather mites of the superfamily Analgoidea from charadriiformes of Black Sea. Parazitologiya 27 (2): 161 - 167" title="New species of feather mites of the superfamily Analgoidea from charadriiformes of Black Sea." volume="27" year="1993">Mironov and Kivganov 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

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@ -1,230 +1,229 @@
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<mods:title id="DEB8997A4102DA56E504E06D0DA1E9C9">The first sexual associations in the genus Darditilla Casal, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056349" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F3AE80093DDC6EF445EC7D95C4B11D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F3AE80093DDC6EF445EC7D95C4B11D0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Mutillidae</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8CAA6E37C6D22017FD55D2A055E62AD" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Mutillidae</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authority="Gerstaecker, 1874" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis (Gerstaecker, 1874)</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="0802E9111FF767C1236660E9D2EB928E" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D2B01F4D0CB3294196B438E10115DB0D" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="A8EAD6DEB65091CC4B6C1F8F62B8644D" ID-CoL="8P66S" authority="Gerstaecker, 1874" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1874" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis (Gerstaecker, 1874)</taxonomicName>
Figs 5-6, 17-20
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mutilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Mutilla debilis</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="20D6431C9504D951295354FCC8434B5E" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="860C85C3A66BC4CE20C4E59622971DA0" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="3159C4A62BF67C0630258C952BD779D4" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mutilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Mutilla debilis</taxonomicName>
Gerstaecker, 1874. Arch. Naturgesch. 40: 60. Holotype female, Brasil. mer, Sello. (ZMB, examined).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="8E6874689BDC782F944E097B7A6D791A" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="ED7D1E3D87BDDE64CD500033FE564C85" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03C71957BA1459E04650603B551F1C4B" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Male. Males are similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla bejaranoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bejaranoi">Darditilla bejaranoi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FE1962641CF30805CBCD669E01EB6198" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla bejaranoi" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bejaranoi">Darditilla bejaranoi</taxonomicName>
, but have a simply convex tegula, have the ventral impuctate lamella of the clypeus less produced than the preceding species (Fig. 5D), and have the apical and preapical teeth of the penis valve coalescent (Fig. 19).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<caption id="EF3A71B8D7D66FAD3384F870BAD733C4" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="8D618E7445AE0A280BFAD3A7633D1F21" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2302B71E2BD46D4CFB8BBE6FA555D8C1" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
(Gerstaecker), male: A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C head, dorsal view D head, anterior view E metasoma, dorsal view F T5, T6 and pydigium, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="9B6F8AE5FAC466B7B57101B0E1221ADE" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Female. The female of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A25789084EF294D49251F0FA001B7B41" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla bejaranoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bejaranoi">Darditilla bejaranoi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6001983554D4EFB12543ADAA243C35D4" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla bejaranoi" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="bejaranoi">Darditilla bejaranoi</taxonomicName>
, but can be recognized by its reddish mesosoma, at most having reduced dark stains laterally (Fig. 6A); by its pygidium, which is densely granulate throughout (Fig. 6E); and by its S1, which has a weak darkened median longitudinal carina.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<caption id="34FF01F11EB7727FD743A5CF26992DBB" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="B1ED1FEB9DCA9F73EB3DDD792C9BAFD0" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Figure 6.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="790D6335B13B27680A9526D47D04278D" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
(Gerstaecker), female: A habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C head, anterior view D metasoma, dorsal view E T5 and pydigium, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="105DFFD8AE1C57FABB2F533217098EA1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="EC304AA9D0E2678FD1C3306747AF896C" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4042FB4124913BAB2FA4FEEE416FD69" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Male. Body length 5.7-8.4 mm. Coloration. Body and appendages black, except mandibles and metasoma dark brown apically. Tibial spurs white. Forewing slightly and uniformly infuscated between veins, veins brown; hindwing slightly infuscated. Body clothed with whitish setae, except disc of T2 and T7 with scattered brownish setae, mesoscutum, tegula, and T6 with dark brown setae, bristles of tergal fringes silver to pale yellowish. Head. Rounded posteriorly. Head width 1.0
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pronotal width. Eye transversely ovate. Ocelli small; ocellocular distance 7.1
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length of lateral ocellus, interocellar distance 3.1
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lateral ocellus length. Occipital carina distinct, extending ventrally almost to level of oral fossa. Punctation on front dense, interspaces micropunctate; gena densely punctate, interspaces with sparse micropunctures; and vertex moderately punctate, interspaces glabrous. Gena ecarinate. Antennal scrobe broadly concave to eye margin, with transverse tubercle dorsally. Clypeus densely punctate, ventral margin produced as a short slightly upcurved transverse impunctate lamella. Flagellomere 1 1.4
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pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.6
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pedicel length. Mandible convergent to bidentate apex, dorsal carina gradually becoming obsolete on inner tooth; edentate ventrally. Mesosoma. Epaulets weakly produced. Pronotal dorsum densely punctate; anterior face almost smooth; lateral face densely punctate. Tegula evenly convex, glabrous except with long recumbent setae anterolaterally and posteromesally. Mesoscutum with dense coarse punctures; posterolateral corner forming a small angulate lobe. Scutellum slightly convex, with coarse punctures. Axilla flat and punctate, except lateral margin with narrow vertical lamella. Metanotum surface obscured by dense shaggy mesally facing recumbent setae. Propodeum convex, broadly and deeply reticulate except smooth and shining adjacent to metapleuron. Mesopleuron moderately punctate, interspaces micropunctate. Metapleuron smooth and shining ventrally, setose and micropunctate dorsally. Wings. Forewing with moderate elongate sclerotized pterostigma; marginal cell broadly rounded and truncate apically; three submarginal cells, third scarcely delimited by obscure venation. Legs. Mid- and hind tibiae lacking strong spines, distinct apical secretory pore on inner surface near base of inner spur; spurs finely serrate on margins. Metasoma. T1 gradually broadened from base, not constricted apically, sessile with T2, 0.6
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width of T2, sparsely punctate; apex with fringe of simple setae or thickened bristles. T2 with coarse to moderate punctures, interspaces smooth and generally broader than punctures; apex with fringe interspersed recumbent thickened parallel bristles; felt line 0.5
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lateral length of T2. T3-5 densely and finely punctate, covered with interspersed erect and recumbent setae, except fringes with row of bristles as in T2. T6 densely punctate, covered with less dense recumbent and erect setae. T7 coarsely and densely punctate, punctures uneven medially, appearing rugose; posterior half forming oval pygidium margined laterally and posteriorly by a strong sharp carina, apical margin rounded, surface flat, microgranulate with numerous large irregular transverse rugae. S1 punctate and setose, with medial longitudinal carina extending from base to apex. S2 moderately punctate. S3-6 moderately and finely punctate, with fairly sparse erect and recumbent setae. Lateral margins of S2-5 sometimes with similar bristles to those of T2-6. S7 transversely rectangular. Hypopygium coarsely punctate, posteromedial margin with two approximate weak teeth medially. Genitalia (Figs 17-20). Paramere tapering apically, slightly curved ventrally on basal half, dense setal brush on basoventral lateral margin, scattered setae along inner and lateral margins. Cuspis acute angulate apically, extending ~0.3
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free length of paramere, with densely setose oblique ventral surface. Digitus laterally compressed and rounded apically, extending ~0.3
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free length of paramere, asetose. Penis valve asetose, bidentate apically with apical and preapical tooth, basoventral margin slightly expanded apically as blunt tooth, basodorsal margin with slight tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="5866F48CE9A2F28C927C51A0BFFC7C1E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Extended female diagnosis. Body length 4.8-10 mm.
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="50" start="start">Coloration</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="EC1715558A0BE21C9E234058223D455E" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" start="start">Coloration</pageBreakToken>
. Head and metasoma black. Mesosoma reddish, rarely with dark stains laterally. Appendages blackish, often reddish basally. Tibial spurs whitish. Vertex with arcuate transverse band of recumbent silver to golden setae, front and remainder of vertex with recumbent black setae; genal setae silver. Mesosomal dorsum with sparse erect black setae, except anterior margin pronotum with pale yellow setae. Posterior fringes of T1 and T2 black; T2 with lateral circular silver setal spots; T3-6 clothed with black setae basally and silver setae apically. Head. Transverse, posterior margin flat, occipital carina obscure. Head width 1.3
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pronotal width. Eye slightly ovate transversely, ommatidia distinct. Front and vertex densely punctate; gena moderately punctate. Genal carina well-defined, extending nearly to hypostomal carina. Clypeus with transverse glabrous concavity, margined by dorsal and ventral carinae, between widely separated lateral teeth. Mandible slender, tapering, bidentate apically (subapical tooth minute, distant from apex and usually obliterated through wear), unarmed ventrally. Antennal scrobe with complete dorsal carina. Antennal tubercle punctate basally, with weak scratches on anterior face, glabrous dorsally. Scape simple, moderately punctate. Flagellomere 1 1.9
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pedicel length; flagellomere 2 1.8
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pedicel length. Mesosoma. Mesosomal length 1.3
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width. Mesosomal dorsum coarsely reticulate, propodeal reticulae broader and shallower. Lateral pronotal carina extending to epaulet, humeral angle with sharp obtuse angle. Mesopleuron finely densely punctate and setose, posterior margin defined by vertical carina. Metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum smooth and shining dorsally with isolated fine setae, micropunctate and densely setose ventrally. In dorsal view, mesosoma broadened to anterior third, strongly narrowed at propodeal spiracle, propodeum abruptly broadened. Scutellar scale lacking. Propodeum convex, dorsal and lateral faces not obviously differentiated. Legs. Foreleg with a few long strong articulated spines on posterior/lateral margins of tarsomeres. Mid- and hind tibiae each with two rows of prominent spines, 2-4 spines in each row; apical spurs finely serrated laterally. Hind tibia with distinct secretory pore on inner/posterior surface near base of inner spur. Metasoma. T1gradually broadened from base, not constricted apically, sessile with T2, 0.6
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as wide as T2; anterior face moderately punctate and setose. T2 densely punctate and setose, punctures slightly larger and sparser anterolaterally; felt line broad, 0.4
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as long as T2 laterally. T3-5 densely punctate. Pygidium broad and slightly convex, lateral margins defined by distinct weakly bowed carina, posterior margin rounded and defined by indistinct carina, densely granulate throughout. S1 punctate, with weak darkened median longitudinal carina. S2 densely punctate. S3-5 densely punctate. S6 moderately punctate.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="455AC83A0A35E3FB1E86282C85725821" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="DAF375AA3F10E6AC05B1E7F4F5FF9FE6" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81DE026BEE7C2A37E115BB2C52938BB4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
Type material. Holotype: 'Brasil. mer\Sello.' (green label partially handwritten)
<normalizedToken originalValue="6648">'6648'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Type">'Type'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="49960EF08726CFF8B43EC950D7DB7AA1" originalValue="6648">'6648'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EB50CA59D4AE568BA04361287AD07E84" originalValue="Type">'Type'</normalizedToken>
(red label) 'Lectotypus\C.E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mickel">Mickel'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="44A285CDAC88EDFDCAE1AB5E308A0FB1" originalValue="Mickel">Mickel'</normalizedToken>
(red label partially handwritten) [1 female: ZMB]. Other material. 92 males and 101 females as follows: ARGENTINA: Entre
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BCFC4FA643398939CDF0F2AF0346988C" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
: XII.1996 (Liebig, Zelich) [4 females, 4 males: AMNH]; Missiones: Dos de Mayo, XII.1989 (Foerster) [1 male: AMNH]; Puerto Esperanza, XII.1976 (M.A. Fritz) [3 males: AMNH]; XII.1973 (M.A. Fritz) [19 males: AMNH]; BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Museu de
<normalizedToken originalValue="História">Historia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="46BAFDBBDF6960A501A8339ABFC8ABFE" originalValue="História">Historia</normalizedToken>
Natural, 22.III.1998 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 female: DZUP]; 9 km E de Catas Altas, Serra da
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A659EB20E732C32E2B9A23065C2DC298" originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
, 12.I.2012 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 female: DZUP]; 8 km S de Ouro Preto, Lago do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Custódio">Custodio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="43C04FD4FCED7F649F417DAFDCA9194B" originalValue="Custódio">Custodio</normalizedToken>
, 20.I.2012 (G.A.R. Melo) [3 females: DZUP]; Serra do Caraca, S. Barbara, I.1970 (F.M. Oliveira) [1 male: EMUS];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Viçosa">Vicosa</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E08E012A2BF8CBDDB3897B5FB91D6F41" originalValue="Viçosa">Vicosa</normalizedToken>
, M. do Paraiso, 5.I.1995 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 female: DZUP]; same city, XII.1944 (Wygodzinsky) [1 female: MNRJ];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BA15670F08695DB7E687BD782029203E" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Capitão">Capitao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leônidas">Leonidas</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6C12831E66B85A2BA46735D05CB1E8A3" originalValue="Capitão">Capitao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="29172685905B1031E690C2EBE2CDDFF8" originalValue="Leônidas">Leonidas</normalizedToken>
Marques, Salto Caxias, 6-13.X.2004 (Soares, E.D.G.) [3 males: DZUP]; same locality, 13-20.X.2004 (Soares, E.D.G.) [5 males: DZUP]; same
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="51" start="start">locality</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="30B508863EE62CCF63A83924F4259BA4" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" start="start">locality</pageBreakToken>
, 3-10.XI.2004 (Soares, E.D.G.) [12 males: DZUP]; Fazenda do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jordão">Jordao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="12F40949C2CD2FF32BB8FB3CB44986CF" originalValue="Jordão">Jordao</normalizedToken>
, Posto Florestal, Salto Segredo, 6-10.X.2004 (Soares, E.D.G.) [1 male: DZUP]; Jaguatirica, Rio Capivari, 1.III.2003 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 male: DZUP]; Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra, 13.XII.2002 (Garcia, E.Q.) [2 males: DZUP]; same locality, 13.XII.2002 (Garcia, E.Q.) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 23.I.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 2.II.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 5.II.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 8.II.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 19.II.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 26.II.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [3 females: DZUP]; same locality, 27.II.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [2 females: DZUP]; same locality, 14.III.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [3 females: DZUP]; same locality, 3.IV.2003 (Garcia, E.Q.) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 27.I.2001 (G.A.R. Melo) [5 males: DZUP]; Ponta Grossa, Parque Estadual da Vila Velha, 5.IV.2013 (K.A. Williams) [12 females: DZUP]; same locality, 6.IV.2013 (K.A. Williams) [10 females: DZUP]; same locality, 11.XII.2000 (Ganho &amp; Marinoni) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 25.XII.2000 (Ganho &amp; Marinoni) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 11.III.2002 (Ganho &amp; Marinoni) [1 female: DZUP];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Prudentópolis">Prudentopolis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AB6CB742FEC0A329BDAD06EEF02CF00B" originalValue="Prudentópolis">Prudentopolis</normalizedToken>
, 8.II.1970 (J.S. Moure) [1 female: DZUP]; Tibagi, XII.1952 (Justus) [1 female: DZUP]; Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia: Faz. Penedo, II.1943 (Wygodzinsky) [1 female: MNRJ]; same city, 700m, XII.1954 (W. Zikan) [1 female: MNRJ]; Petropolis, IV.1952 (C. Novais) [1 female: MNRJ]; Rio Grande do Sul: Arroio Grande, 101m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.216667">32°13'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E99C0E684A7866E10C1F83B5E4581586" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.216667">32°13'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.2">53°12'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FD6CDF5B1A0254EB5E93DE7E09323F6B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-53.2">53°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 9.IV.2004 (R.F. Kruger) [1 male: UFES]; Santa Catarina:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Criciúma">Criciuma</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="89F9B6A3AAEC75C56844DFDAE74F33E9" originalValue="Criciúma">Criciuma</normalizedToken>
, Campus da UNESC, 16.XI.2002 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 male: DZUP]; Nova Teutonia, XI.1968 (F. Plaumann) [1 female: EMUS]; same locality, various dates (F. Plaumann) [16 females: MNRJ]; same locality, various dates (F. Plaumann) [3 females: YPM); same locality, XI.1968 (F. Plaumann) [2 males: YPM]; same locality, XII.1968 (F. Plaumann) [1 male: YPM]; same locality, XI.1980 (F. Plaumann) [1 female: DZUP];
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B3A10F06629D2A84EA7364F3EF8BA69F" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo: Barueri, various dates (K. Lenko) [3 females: CASC]; same locality, V.1958 (K. Lenko) [1 female: MNRJ]; Batatais, I.1946 (J.S. Moure) [1 female: DZUP]; Cajuru, Fazenda Rio Grande, 2-18.XI.1999 (G.A.R. Melo &amp; Nascimento) [2 males: DZUP]; same locality, 17.XI-2.XII.1999 (G.A.R. Melo &amp; Nascimento) [3 males: DZUP]; same locality, 18.XII.1999-10.I.2000 (G.A.R. Melo &amp; Nascimento) [3 males: DZUP]; same locality, 10.I-1.II.2000 (G.A.R. Melo &amp; Nascimento) [4 males: DZUP]; Caraguatatuba, 1.III.1967 (M.E. Irwin) [1 female: CASC];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cosmópolis">Cosmopolis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C0F5B2FB6B1FEC773CB90F5B3FF4EC82" originalValue="Cosmópolis">Cosmopolis</normalizedToken>
, 22.I.1974 (J.G. Rozen et al.) [3 females: EMUS]; Est. Biol.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boracéia">Boraceia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3C5EB5CB1A0F70D6098F017B05A96943" originalValue="Boracéia">Boraceia</normalizedToken>
, 850m, 27.II.1967 (M.E. Irwin) [2 females: CASC];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C9B445A08AF4B3125DD330E11AB4ECE1" originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="321F920C3F18B50A510CBFED17279815" originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
de Jatai,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Luís">Luis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FCE48766467869E6AA370C194E17A1AF" originalValue="Luís">Luis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="74A3794936C395D10EC0B9C48FF02235" originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
, 22.IV.1999 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 female: DZUP]; same locality, 16.X.1999 (G.A.R. Melo) [3 females: DZUP];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riberão">Riberao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BD49AEED0A3C58CB24AE88505F325929" originalValue="Riberão">Riberao</normalizedToken>
Grande, P.E. Intervales: ponto 2,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-24.274721">24°16'29&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A5A909AEF5AF6340D90C22193C2E3785" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-24.274721">24°16'29&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-48.42139">48°25'17&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="23B2EB6FB3FBBA80ECC70EE64453211B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-48.42139">48°25'17&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 22.I.2010 (Perioto, N.W.) [2 males: MZSP]; same locality, 22.II.2010 (Perioto, N.W.) [1 male: MZSP]; same locality, 22.XII.2010 (Perioto, N.W.) [3 males: MZSP]; same locality, ponto 5,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-24.273056">24°16'23&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5C2D44EB6598C4E91C9B4C6161C52B05" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-24.273056">24°16'23&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-48.42278">48°25'22&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BB7877826AD713AB3DA6BFC40908FF6C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-48.42278">48°25'22&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 22.I.2010 (Perioto, N.W.) [2 males: MZSP]; same locality, 22.IV.2010 (Perioto, N.W.) [2 males: MZSP]; same locality, 22.XII.2010 (Perioto, N.W.) [2 males: MZSP]; same locality, 22.XI.2010 (Perioto, N.W.) [1 male: MZSP]; Parque Ainhanguera, 28.II.1986 (C. Costa) [1
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="52" start="start">female</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="0DEA57970045CC66530967BD1F21D4D1" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" start="start">female</pageBreakToken>
: MZSP];
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8FBDEE49CB9A5193DD0AAB981CACF8CF" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Jose dos Campos, XII.1934 (H.S. Lopes) [1 female: MNRJ]; same locality, 5-20.V.1999 (E.R. DePaula) [1 male: EMUS]; Teodoro Sampaio, P.E. Morro do Diabo, Estrada do Angelim, 16.II.1999 (G.A.R. Melo) [1 female: DZUP]; PARAGUAY: Alto Parana: Estancia Dimas,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.55">25°33'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5FD66351F60A7C49802F07FA35B8DA1A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.55">25°33'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.216667">55°13'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5E4540AF1FD09B17B5BC1BE619B6125E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.216667">55°13'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28-30.XI.2005 (U. Dreschel) [1 female: EMUS];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EDF1AD53FCE5322AD7ADAADF5E470086" originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
: Tava Yopoi,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.366667">24°22'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3711127DF25D27C8895E47FD2DC52580" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.366667">24°22'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.883335">55°53'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="CF1A8E4B10B4C90D9F2D0833E89D8ED4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.883335">55°53'W</geoCoordinate>
, 26.X-4.XI.2007 (U. Dreschel) [1 female: EMUS];
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraguarí">Paraguari</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8F5BFF6EA2B6EA05BACCA9E7CBBC42F8" originalValue="Paraguarí">Paraguari</normalizedToken>
: La Rosada, 28-30.IV.2006 (U. Dreschel) [1 female: EMUS]; San Pedro: Rio Ypane, Cororo, various dates (Fritz) [2 females, 2 males: AMNH, EMUS]; URUGUAY,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0D383F7B8F0D704FA4183F28018941E5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro: Arroyo Negro, 15 km S Paysandu, 27-31.XII.1962 (R.G. Van Gelder) [3 males: AMNH].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="52">This species apparently occurs throughout the forest and grassland regions of southern South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D51D911C0D232BDB69B400A1332A672E" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="00BEA1FE854AB9D01C91FF7DE745174D" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84E3780DBFCD44B8E19263A82DD80E23" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">This species apparently occurs throughout the forest and grassland regions of southern South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Unknown.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="F173B9151C01F043E3FF61E71B5E16B5" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="host">
<paragraph id="ABD86AD0F26F6495178427A9F81E7A76" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1CD333B9A5E551DB0AC9F02D479713C3" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="450EC3BD527144F3C336E7F9B8553FF8" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="CD5C01B97F5F3A2C56EE1BA30145BE19" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7A7DACF791A9B1839FDEEF0F176C709" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="95A0D091380F947073BBD94A3751EC63" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed and common species. Over 200 additional specimens were examined in MZSP and others were studied from various North American collections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<paragraph id="7276FC99AB5883A48E9CD1DA4D83FC7F" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
Males are associated with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="87B5BF572D0FA3D86A303D412F215C22" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
based on morphological similarity to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla bejaranoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bejaranoi">Darditilla bejaranoi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="98396928C699264A368A072AE1FB52A3" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla bejaranoi" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="bejaranoi">Darditilla bejaranoi</taxonomicName>
males and overlapping distribution with the females of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Darditilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B70E7F650AEEBF74328CFE83923395BC" genus="Darditilla" lsidName="Darditilla debilis" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="debilis">Darditilla debilis</taxonomicName>
, including five localities where both sexes were collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
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<taxonomicName id="001A6630EDF6B2FBE43E1903BBD4BBBF" ID-CoL="9QG88" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudolathra_regularis" authority="Sharp, 1889" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pseudolathra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudolathra regularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regularis">
<taxonomicName id="001A6630EDF6B2FBE43E1903BBD4BBBF" ID-CoL="9QG88" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudolathra_regularis" authority="Sharp, 1889" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1889" genus="Pseudolathra" lsidName="Pseudolathra regularis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="regularis">
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@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Previously, this species was known from Japan, and from the southern and western
,
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). The above material expands the known distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="3536E019A1BEC6B7630AAFBE6AC903C4" genus="Pseudolathra" lsidName="Pseudolathra regularis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="regularis">Pseudolathra regularis</taxonomicName>
to northern China.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,90 +1,90 @@
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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sp. n..
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Forewing, the separation of RP+MA from RA at about the same level as the separation of MP from CuA.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D56B5DC7298A7F99335FA4AF887DD75E" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Forewing, the separation of RP+MA from RA at about the same level as the separation of MP from CuA.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Included species.</paragraph>
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Type species:
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sp. n..
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="99">
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<paragraph id="731CCF4340C0F4907D1C0089283D7A38" pageId="8" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
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The name is derived from the Greek word of paris-, meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“equal”">&quot;equal&quot;</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“soul”">&quot;soul&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D0332D41D997ACAA6146C68DA4C12D71" originalValue="“soul”">&quot;soul&quot;</normalizedToken>
or
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<normalizedToken id="96D464E448A7AA541694A251F479106C" originalValue="“mind”">&quot;mind&quot;</normalizedToken>
. The gender is feminine.
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<paragraph id="8C24424C2FCC0248CF763D3C16F2348E" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Mormogystia" authority="Schoorl, 1990" authorityName="Schoorl" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Mormogystia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mormogystia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mormogystia Schoorl, 1990</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="709D992C6A2249D31725BA0879A22152" ID-CoL="94NPZ" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Mormogystia" authority="Schoorl, 1990" authorityName="Schoorl" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Mormogystia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mormogystia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mormogystia Schoorl, 1990</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Mormogystia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mormogystia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mormogystia</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="48C94BA05E17ECC99F66CBCE873726D6" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="87CE9A60EE8C975ACE5C8CE7A64FB54C" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="A95EFA720F3C790C67031799B338512E" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Mormogystia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mormogystia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mormogystia</taxonomicName>
Schoorl, 1990, Zool. Verhandelingen 263: 75-78. Type species -
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Cossus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cossus reibellii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reibellii">Cossus reibellii</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="05A6707638DECEF44F6B5C716D9B6C1F" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Cossus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cossus reibellii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reibellii">Cossus reibellii</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="F8B0B2788389035574398F1B8D58187D" originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
, 1876.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Mormogystia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mormogystia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mormogystia</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="855D0D27CAFEA4EA416506DEEB696249" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F9D56648194F59C77C6B548883A299A3" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9F36FB0A92AF0F6F6F7BB433BD44511" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="1922E15D14482E5CD4492A91CD486856" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Mormogystia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mormogystia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mormogystia</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other
<taxonomicName family="Cossidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" rank="family">Cossidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CD3797A745AAB99323AFF5BB96EBF9D2" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cossidae</taxonomicName>
genus by having large silvery areas on the forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="184D9A7E05B7C5782E2FB37D10E03F23" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B8FB8C50A90F910D7B6A04496D1C18D" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7FCE4B5019696BAD8AF50039DF0773C" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Medium sized, brightly coloured moths. Male antennae bipectinate with very short processes; female antennal pecten much reduced. Large silvery areas on the forewing forming fasciae make this the only
<taxonomicName family="Cossidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" rank="family">Cossidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="221CBE6247231EBFD513BC9CABA8FE59" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cossidae</taxonomicName>
genus to have such a high contrast pattern. Hindwings are uniform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, with tapering or rounded broad apex; arms of gnathos short, fused to form a medium-size gnathos densely covered with small spines; valvae shovel-shaped, with pronounced sacculus and a large triangular costal projection; transtilla projections short, thick and uncinate; juxta saddle-shaped, with long lateral projections directed upwards; saccus massive, semicircular; aedeagus short, straight, thick; vesica opening located dorsoapically, its edges with short, spiny processes; vesica without cornutus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Female genitalia. Short oviductus; papillae anales wide, elliptic; apophyses posteriores ⅓ longer than apophyses anteriores; ostium broad, covered with falciform postvaginal plate; ductus wide, sclerotised; bursa membranous, sack-shaped, without signa.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8DA6F9454177EA2F95EEFDD8A20606F3" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, with tapering or rounded broad apex; arms of gnathos short, fused to form a medium-size gnathos densely covered with small spines; valvae shovel-shaped, with pronounced sacculus and a large triangular costal projection; transtilla projections short, thick and uncinate; juxta saddle-shaped, with long lateral projections directed upwards; saccus massive, semicircular; aedeagus short, straight, thick; vesica opening located dorsoapically, its edges with short, spiny processes; vesica without cornutus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A62389EA93E07B13EA5337FC36D648BB" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Female genitalia. Short oviductus; papillae anales wide, elliptic; apophyses posteriores ⅓ longer than apophyses anteriores; ostium broad, covered with falciform postvaginal plate; ductus wide, sclerotised; bursa membranous, sack-shaped, without signa.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="C97AC8A29F0C7EF5F4CC8DEAAA76A195" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="7979F6580391C0B9EA3523D8135439FE" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="394CD06E1BB186CD87117F9DD32BCC44" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
This small genus includes four species distributed in north Africa, Levante, Arabian peninsula and Kenya (
<bibRefCitation author="Yakovlev, R" journalOrPublisher="Marktleuthen" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 129" title="Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World" volumeTitle="Neue Entomologische Nachrichten" year="2011">Yakovlev 2011</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FBEB20B4A1491AADC052D3900AF16B91" author="Yakovlev, R" journalOrPublisher="Marktleuthen" pageId="15" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 129" title="Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World" volumeTitle="Neue Entomologische Nachrichten" year="2011">Yakovlev 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="132">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9CC196873EDBCB2535C9ED22737DB747" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 9-11323950
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Edema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edema nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Edema nana</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="C31A304509370F7B98DFFB4F824869C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="227756B32B23954F7EFC53E273D1E8A1" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="A0842BD2543B55372555718FDD504DF0" genus="Edema" lsidName="Edema nana" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="nana">Edema nana</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1865: 425.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Ingura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ingura burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Ingura burserae</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="01A3FB56AC2D7250979A1E32AFAB3E0C" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="0AC6B91D940BB1BD7312560F339C068B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Ingura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ingura burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Ingura burserae</taxonomicName>
Dyar, 1901: 455. syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes indefatigabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indefatigabilis">Paectes indefatigabilis</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="130458879E8F0432DBE1CA74A7577DB4" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="59DAD9946454CE97998580A0C298EF89" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes indefatigabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indefatigabilis">Paectes indefatigabilis</taxonomicName>
Schaus, 1923: 38. syn. rev. (previously synonymized by Poole 1993 under
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)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes isabel" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabel">Paectes isabel</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="79C62F7706813927077D1303FBF0D53E" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="8A15AF6252E52CEB80E744804C38054F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes isabel" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabel">Paectes isabel</taxonomicName>
Schaus, 1923: 39. syn. rev. (previously synonymized by Poole 1993 under
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes arcigera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcigera">Paectes arcigera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="24E3CA31B6A35A9FFCBCB680CDBA3194" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes arcigera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcigera">Paectes arcigera</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="132" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Edema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edema nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Edema nana</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="C44A4E3907799B63F8CBEF8634E43FA7" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" type="type material">
<paragraph id="0B2A27B4BD60F4FB907BAE8747A38E49" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85592AED67607F777B3FC283AA6AD7A" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="667BEACFBED6A4FDC4F740451D138C24" genus="Edema" lsidName="Edema nana" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="nana">Edema nana</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: &quot;Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo&quot; Holotype male. UMO; photograph examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Ingura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ingura burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Ingura burserae</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="5DB835F121627617BFBF18DCD7A7A85B" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="7BE9C68DC68BE92527F8EF3E845B0F32" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Ingura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ingura burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Ingura burserae</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: USA: Florida, Palm Beach. Syntypes male, female. USNM; types examined. Dyar listed two types, a male and female, in his original description. I hereby designate the male as lectotypeto avoid confusion in this complicated group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes indefatigabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indefatigabilis">Paectes indefatigabilis</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="18A992FCE5FEC852ABC3889C236B3920" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="8A051E8C90542DAC805F0EE8F2DF1000" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes indefatigabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indefatigabilis">Paectes indefatigabilis</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: [Ecuador]: [Galapagos Islands]: Indefatigable, Conway Bay. Lectotype male. USNM; examined.
<bibRefCitation author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="36" pageNumber="161" pagination="33 - 39" title="The types of some noctuid moths from the Galapagos Islands described by William Schaus in 1923 (Lepidoptera)." volume="75" year="1973">Todd (1973)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6EE4116815ADBECA534F4F02ED7FAB9C" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="36" pageNumber="161" pagination="33 - 39" title="The types of some noctuid moths from the Galapagos Islands described by William Schaus in 1923 (Lepidoptera)." volume="75" year="1973">Todd (1973)</bibRefCitation>
designated the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes isabel" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabel">Paectes isabel</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="A424DC578E405D8008AD2946363F91D4" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="F96B0549E9E2BAB3FBB8716175208756" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes isabel" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabel">Paectes isabel</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: [Ecuador]: [Galapagos Islands]: Indefatigable, Conway Bay. Holotype male. USNM; examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" type="other material examined">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="133" start="start">Other</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="FAACF9C02B817838B68FBA826A813DE7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" type="other material examined">
<paragraph id="635B8407B58BC6CA5624CCDD3DE86D47" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
<pageBreakToken id="105F403DCC57AD140F64C1834D3B23A0" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" start="start">Other</pageBreakToken>
material examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
<paragraph id="85ADAE39B37664CF8A91018B81735A91" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
All from USNM unless noted. (121 males, 91 females). COLOMBIA: BOYACA: Muzo, 400-800 m, (1 female), Fassl [BMNH]. CAUCA: Popayan, May 1972 (1 male), R. Perry [BMNB]. MAGDALENA: Don Amo, 2000
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="134" start="start">ft</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="5CA1BD3E0AFB7AF509CFA58E6DBD1DCB" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" start="start">ft</pageBreakToken>
., June 1911 (6 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1302, female MGP 1304, 4000 ft., (2 males, 1 female), H. H. Smith [BMNH]; Minca, 2000 ft., (2 males), June (1 male, 1 female), H. H. Smith [BMNH]; Valparaiso, 4000 ft., (2 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1300, H. H. Smith [BMNH]. SANTA MARTA: Onaca,
<normalizedToken originalValue="JuneAug">June-Aug</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E4A385E4AFEE78209D9E04229EAEDACE" originalValue="JuneAug">June-Aug</normalizedToken>
. (2 males, 6 females), genitalia slide male MGP 1301, female MGP 1303, C. Engelke [BMNH]. COSTA RICA: no specific locality, (1 male) genitalia slide MGP 1329, Underwood, BMNH; GUANACASTE: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Mundo Nuevo, Quebrada Tibio Perla, 300 m, 26 Nov. 2009 (1 female), J. Cortez, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3004EE8051BEA0038FE4F282BE11D03D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Potrerillos, Rio Azufrado, 95 m, 29 Sep. 2002 (1 female), G. Pereira, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DAC76B87B18655567C36F0D9BA3C5CD9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Quebrada Guapote, 240 m, 12 July 1994 (1 female), 280 m, 7 July 1993 (3 males, 1 female), gusaneros, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1E77AD5C7A35E49A50EE5AFFE2665FEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 m, 4 May 1995 (5 males, 14 females), genitalia slide male USNM 136087, gusaneros, 22 Aug. 1984 (1 female), D.H. Janzen, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="065D918EF0DE4E4798576029E9FB9614" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emillio, 300 m, 30 June 1983 (1 male), 7 July 1983 (2 males), D.H. Janzen, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9C5BFA0D57CF1C3D1E77F877961C1DA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Laguna Escondida 285 m, 23 June 2005 (1 male, 1 female), R. Franco, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C47254D2549C4568F3CBC76C447557DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo, 290 m, 21 Aug. 1991 (1 male), gusaneros, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="540BA867190A8F82EE4AC9B61F8C7671" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Luces, 6 July 1992 (1 female), gusaneros, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B9E10236F3FD1BE19D904B50458602DF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Pocosol, Casa Garzal, 245 m, 1 July 2004 (1 male), R. Franco, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CBB463B22F560C61E740E2F56661EC2D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Cacao, Sendero Guayabal, 500 m, 7 Oct. 2004 (1 male, 1 female), D. Garcia, host:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8E9C8B585FC46D5BC0996FE29E99E856" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
. CUBA: LA HABANA: Santiago de Las Vegas, 12 July 1931 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 136068, A. Otero. ORIENTE: Santiago, (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 33943. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: BARAHONA: nr. Filipinas, Larimar Mine, 20-26 June 1997 (5 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1334, P. Landolt, R. Woodruff, P. Skelley [LAN]. DAJABON:13 km S Loma de Cabrera, 400 m, 20-22 May 1973 (2 females), D. &amp; M. Davis. LA VEGA: Hotel Montana, 520 m, 28 May 1973 (2 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male USNM 135936, D. &amp; M. Davis; Constanza, Hotel Nueva Suiza, 1164 m, 29 May 1973 (1 female), D. &amp; M. Davis; vic. Jarabocoa, 22 June 1981 (1male), 27 June 1981 (1 male), genitalia slide USNM 136266, C.V. Covell, Jr. NATIONAL DISTRICT: Santo Domingo, (1 female), A. Busck. ECUADOR: GALAPAGOS: Indefatigable, Conway Bay, 1 Apr. 1923 (1 male, 3 females), genitalia slide male USNM 135966; South Seymour, 23 Apr. 1923 (1 male). IMBABURA: Paramba, Jan. -May (1 male), genitalia slide MGP 1309 [BMNH]. GUATEMALA: BAJA VERAPAZ: Chejel, Schaus and Barnes Coll. (1 male), genitalia slide, USNM 135915. SUCHITEPEQUEZ: Univ. del Valle de Guatemala Research Station, nr. Aldea Adelaida/Finca Panama, nr. Santa Barbara, 1550 m, 12 Aug. 2010 (1 male), P.J. Landolt [LAN]. ZACAPA: Santa Cruz, Marble Quarry rd., NE of Teculutan, 560 m, 18 July 2007 (3 males, 1 female), genitalia slide MGP 1339, 290 m, 19 July 2007 (2 males), genitalia slide MGP 1342, P.J. Landolt
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="135" start="start">[</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="0F1F367D8B86D1B4BA4456F7934D363E" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" start="start">[</pageBreakToken>
LAN], (1 male), R.S. Zack [WSU]. MEXICO: DISTRICTO FEDERAL: Mexico City, (1 male), C. Mayer [BMNH]. HIDALGO: 5 mi E Tulancingo, 7400 ft., 24 July 1963 (1 male), genitalia slide USNM 136055, Duckworth &amp; Davis; nr. San Vicente, 2 July 1965 (4 males), genitalia slide USNM 135954, Flint &amp; Ortiz; Zacualpan, 15 Aug. (1 male, 2 females), genitalia slide male USNM 33942, R. Muller. JALISCO: Guadalajara, Coll. Wm. Schaus (1 female); Guadalajara, Oct. -Nov. 1898 (1 male), P. H. Goldsmith, Oct. 1896 (1 male), Schaus [BMNH]. OAXACA: Oaxaca, (1 male, 1 female), genitalia slide male USNM 42805, Coll. Wm. Schaus, June 1896 (1 male), Schaus [BMNH]. PUEBLA: Tehuacan, 11 June (1 female), R. Muller. TAMAULIPAS: Rancho del Cielo, 6 km NNW Gomez Farias, 3500 ft., July 1982 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 135056, M.A. Solis. VERACRUZ: Orizaba, 11 June (1 male), R. Muller; Jalapa, (1 male), genitalia slide MGP 1326, M. Trujillo [BMNH]. YUCUTAN: Chichen Itza, 7 July 1955 (1 female), E. C. Welling [BMNH]. U.S.A.: FLORIDA: Collier Co., Chokoloskee, (1 male, 1 female), genitalia slides m USNM 136256, f USNM 136262. Hernando Co.: Bay Port, 24 Jan. 1989 (7 males, 2 females), genitalia slides male MGP 1274, 1277, 1281, J. Gillmore MGCL. Lee Co.: no specific locality, 18 Sep. 1987 (1 male), genitalia slide USNM 136052, D. Maloney USNM. Levy Co.: Cedar Key, 20 Sep. 1995 (1 male, 2 females), genitalia slide m MGP 1280, J. Gillmore &amp; J. Medal MGCL. Manatee Co., Oneco, May 1954 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 136258, P. Dillman. Miami-Dade Co.: Royal Palm State Park, (1 male, 1 female), Mar. (1 female), genitalia slides female USNM 136041, 136261, F.M. Jones; Oweissa-Bauer Hammock, 27 Dec. 1979 (1 female), genitalia slide MGP 1287, H.D. Baggett MGCL. Monroe Co.: Big Pine Key, Cactus Hammock, 20 Sep. 1989 (2 males), genitalia slides male MGP 1282, 1283, D. Habeck, J. Gillmore, M. Hennessey MGCL; Crawl Key, 22 Mar. 1988 (1 male), genitalia Vial #83, D.H. Habeck MGCL; Fleming Key, 20 June 1979 (1 male, 1 female), J.A. Acree &amp; H.V. Weems, Jr. MGCL; Key Largo, 16 Sep. 1964 (1 female), Mrs. Spencer Kemp MGCL; Key Largo Key [sic], 20 Sep. 1964 (1 male, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1278, Mrs. Spencer Kemp MGCL; Long Key State Park, 21 Dec. 1983 (1 male), T.S. Dickel TDC; No Name Key, 29 July 1992 (1 male), W.L. Adair, Jr. MGCL. Pinellas Co.: Dunedin, Hammock Park, 19 Jan. 1986 (1 female), 2 Feb. 1986 (1 female), 8 Feb. 1986 (1 female), J.D. Worsley MGCL. Sarasota Co.: Siesta Key, 3 Jan. 1960 (1 male), 21 Nov. 1953 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 136259, C.P. Kimball USNM, 2 Apr. 1954 (1 female), genitalia slide MGP 1286, 18 May 1957 (1 female), 18 May 1960 (1 female), 5 Nov. 1953 (1 female), C.P. Kimball MGCL; St. Lucie Co.: 8 mi N Ft. Pierce n Turnpike, 22 Sep. 1995 (1 male), D.H. Habeck, R. Goodson, G. McDermott MGCL. VENEZUELA: ARAGUA: Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 30-31 Mar. 1978 (1 male, 1 female), 1-3 Apr. 1978 (3 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male USNM 135964, J.B. Heppner, 22-31 July 1967 (7 males, 5 females), genitalia slide male USNM 135963, genitalia slide female USNM 135960, 1-7 Aug. 1967 (7 males, 3 females), 8-14 Aug. 1967 (9 males, 5 females), 15-21 Aug. 1967 (1 male, 2 females), genitalia slide male USNM 42804, R.W. Poole. LARA: Yacambu Nat. Park, 13 km SE Sanare, 1560 m, 28-31 July 1981 (2 males), 1-5 Aug. 1981 (3 males), Genitalia slide USNM 135968, J.
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="136" start="start">Heppner</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="9DF4B8F1CD294DFF53517C2214CD0D3E" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" start="start">Heppner</pageBreakToken>
. MERIDA: Mucy Fish Hatchery, 7 km E Tabay, 6600 ft., 10-13 Feb. 1978 (1 male), J.B. Heppner. NORTE DE SANTANDER: Cucuta, (1 male), genitalia slide MGP 1305 [BMNH]. T.F. AMAZONIA: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 140 m, 1-10 Mar. 1984 (1 female), D. Davis &amp; T. McCabe. YARACUY: Aroa, (1 male, 1 female), Coll. Wm. Schaus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="136" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="067A077D5733BFB04865B523CCA84746" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="93E6922AFDC38D6A5428B2A2BC22128F" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA228B66AB294D5B15D89C9C9024B7E3" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="776378F7646FFEAD131EDF1E0FA1C279" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
has two distinct forms. The most easily recognized bears exaggerated dark markings on the apical portion of the postmedial line that is contiguous with the subapical dash, the posterior portion of the postmedial line from CuA1 to posterior margin, and the antemedial line from just dorsal to anal vein to posterior margin (Fig. 11). This form is not present in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C3702BC5C2D2C30C0A0AE45D296E1667" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
. The other form of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A19C7B73073B4540084CB9166689C29F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
most resembles both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2A7C62D72C9E39DEFCA1D850C5DE9B91" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
(Figs 8-10). The forewing costa in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="22475A379E54A704B76E9B664677EB4E" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is gray with small, faint, dark-gray quadrate spots along the margin at approximately 1/4 and 1/2 length of wing. In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F0EF0C68776CE0328F910B6DA521C44B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
the forewing costa is ferruginous mixed with some gray and the quadrate spots are absent (Figs 12-15). In females of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="10EEC3B76FE96335206B10E6128EC3B7" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(Figs 10-11), the medial area of the forewing is gray, or can have gray scales tipped with white, giving a slightly lighter overall color than the remainder of the forewing. In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="09C82BABDCF90322D61A3ECFE6DF505F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
, the medial area is somewhat lighter in coloration than the remainder of forewing and entirely white scales are present as are white-tipped gray scales (Figs 16-18). A cream-colored basal spot is present and contrasts with the remainder of the forewing in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4B3A449A691C0E6A3CE5B5FD97A7A32D" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
, and in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7E28A61269445CFF48DDDDD175662635" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
the basal area is only very slightly contrasting with white-tipped gray scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<paragraph id="20376D14F3E5738C0ABAEF3EF573F75B" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
Both the male and female genitalia are distinct between these species. In the male genitalia, the costa is thumb-like with a more produced apex in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7F1C73291EFC28C886DD8F268D599B8A" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 32), whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="68A2AB410A0379D2A396F50564AC2F7F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
the costa in truncate and the apex is not produced (Fig. 33). In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2464C17298E77AAA63905AF66252A32B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
, there are several flat setae arising from a sclerotized ridge on the dorsal surface of the valve (Fig. 32), these flat setae are absent in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8C355A8004E28FB9E17AB40B5A3CCCA5" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 33). The cornutus at the base of the vesica is wide in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5843903EA8515D71C1E3E5F560945FB1" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 32), but narrow in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F3EB87C9AA831AFD10460304876616E0" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 33). In the female genitalia,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="70423E8670703509BC4A417C8BAF9B39" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is easily recognized by the ostium bursae being a sclerotized circle (Fig. 39), but in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6950EB0BF76D6D992C40AD3936F2F784" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
the ostium is crescent shaped (Fig. 40).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<subSubSection id="F3018EC57ED1E5F799C5D0AA7A2DA41D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="E2C795842590BFB92DA5D22087557862" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AF99FD260C341D00FECC2746E3A0EB0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
Male. Sexes dimorphic. Head - vertex with broad scales, mixture of cream-colored and light-brown scales, anterior margin with a few black scales; labial palp porrect, a mixture of gray, light-brown, dark-ferruginous, and black scales, internal surface white; eyes large, globular; frons with broad scales, projecting slightly beyond anterior eye margin, with cream-colored and light-brown scales with a few black scales medially; male antenna broadly bipectinate to 2/3 length then filiform. Thorax - prothorax concolorous with vertex, anterior margin with a thin black line; patagium concolorous with prothorax, mixed with hairlike scales; protibia white mixed with black, apical band white, obscure, tarsi black with distinct white apical bands; middle tibia grayish brown, tarsi gray with white apical bands; hind tibia cream-colored, tarsi cream colored; underside with white hairlike scales; forewing length 10.9-11.6 mm; costal area a mixture of dark-gray scales tipped a lighter color and a few black scales; distinct ovate cream-colored basal spot margined posteriorly with a few black scales; thin black antemedial line from posterior margin to middle of basal spot; interior of wing from distal margin of ovate spot to postmedial line mostly white and contrasted
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="137" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="3CD7D51E7031AEB9E12D19F801DF67FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
subterminal and terminal areas; reniform spot obscure, with only a few pale-ferruginous scales; postmedial line black, a double line from posterior margin to vein M2 then single until merging with black dash between veins R5 and M1 that extends to outer margin; apical spot white; subterminal area brown, veins gray, color extending on to fringe; terminal line a series of black, shallow scalloped lines between veins; fringe brown, gray patches from wing veins resulting in a somewhat checkered appearance; hind wing white, marginal shading dark gray, veins highlighted dark gray, anal fold a white and dark gray striped pattern. Abdomen - cream colored scattered with a few pale-ferruginous scales; male eighth segment membranous with a pair of short, sternal, sclerotized bars and a pair of longer, wider, dorsal sclerotized bars; a pair of lateral coremata bearing numerous, fine, elongate setae. Genitalia (Fig. 32) - Uncus triangulate, apex recurved and pointed; subscaphium longer than uncus, triangulate, decurved, apex pointed; valve membranous, elongate, narrowed distally, apex round, covered with many elongate setae, basal-dorsal margin sclerotized, with several wide, spine-like setae; costa of valve short, deeply curved, apex produced and rounded, densely covered with elongate setae; sacculus well developed, proximal half fused with valve, distal half free, elongate, curved inward, longer than valve, apex round; saccus triangulate; aedeagus straight, slightly bent at distal third, dorsum in distal third covered with minute spicules; base of vesica a short tube with one flat, elongate cornutus with pointed apex directed posteriorly, vesica ovate, small round diverticulum just distal to flat basal cornutus, apex of vesica with an irregular sclerotized area bearing a short, thumb-like cornutus. Female. As in male except: Head -antenna filiform; forewing length 9.4-9.9 mm; ground color pale gray; antemedial line black, reduced to a concave line from just below Cu vein to anal vein connected to a convex line from anal vein to posterior margin; basal spot absent; interior of wing from base to postmedial line pale gray with scattered white scales or scales tipped white and only slightly paler than subterminal and terminal areas; medial line black, faint, dentate from just below Cu vein to posterior margin. Genitalia (Fig. 39) - Papillae anales truncate, soft, fleshy, covered with numerous setae; ninth sternite covered with minute spicules distally with spicules becoming larger and thicker closer to ostium bursae; anterior apophyses fused with eighth segment; posterior apophyses present; ostium bursae with sclerotized, crescent-shaped large dorsal and small ventral caps; base of ductus bursae, as it emerges from ostium bursae, sclerotized then becomes membranous and striated, after splitting with appendix bursae, ductus bursae narrower and more heavily striated; appendix bursae ovate, membranous; corpus bursae ovate, covered internally with numerous thornlike signa.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<caption id="264F5ABD35BE38B551FAA0C70B51DBF9" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph id="6071CCC214D8C11FCD973F610EE0A2CC" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
Figures 9-16.
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<taxonomicName id="4396D5A4BED04FCF6CD6749E28E28568" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paectes</taxonomicName>
adults. 9
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="563F41BC11336F93A6326DF8C6D4816A" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
♂, nr. San Vicente, Hidalgo, Mexico, 2 July 1965, Flint &amp; Ortiz 10
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6BA02B926B06DCC3701AFF1F42016D95" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
♀, Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela, 1100 m, 8-14 Aug. 1967, R. W. Poole 11
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C6EA1E0A1E0632DACA6BF5EFA08FEBDA" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
♀, Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela, 1100 m, 8-14 Aug. 1967, R. W. Poole 12
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D8404954E0D38632E42487AF020B35FA" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Grand Savane, Dominica, 31 Oct. 1966, E. L. Todd 13
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<taxonomicName id="686527C0671216CE5250D4A97C6291BA" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Santiago, Cuba 14
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="481C2F58848089330D1ABF146E5279A9" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Santiago, Cuba 15
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D83A6D5B8000525D282192548C4CC77F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Palm Beach, Florida, Dec. 1898, R. Thaxter 16
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FF7128827B9243C67AF6378A2CCA6D09" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♀, Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, J. Doll
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="62CEE71F164A647EAED6F47F991E88B0" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F5E3760BAD3384576690F1DC67AEE290" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37B1CD6FE027362C75A905BB24A81F20" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="B13FF0583F9E1E325BA97F84CE2B347A" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is widespread from Florida through the Greater Antilles, except for Puerto Rico, and from Mexico to Costa Rica; in South America distributed from Venezuela, Colombia, and northern Ecuador (Fig. 50). It has been introduced to the Galapagos Islands (
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roque-Álbelo">Roque-Albelo</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="8AE524274872C16478A3F22DE8E1EF27" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<normalizedToken id="6480EC5AE023BF7FF6E1B36536B59E59" originalValue="Roque-Álbelo">Roque-Albelo</normalizedToken>
and Landry 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="4D4D1CD3128C42FFAFF239BE320E938A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="2327FAF95796BD176E2239303413E8DB" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is a native species from Florida that has been reared from Brazilian peppertree in several counties, including Hernando, Lee, Levy, Monroe, and St. Lucie. Larvae that were collected in September and October had a pupal stage from 9-18 days and larvae collected in January and February had a pupal stage from 11-15 days.
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="138" start="start">Adults</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="309438C9B696213C47190DA542693ABA" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" start="start">Adults</pageBreakToken>
probably fly all year with recorded dates from
<normalizedToken originalValue="JanuaryMarch">January-March</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3CAD60FA95ABE33DEEA978FDFCC9DBE3" originalValue="JanuaryMarch">January-March</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="JuneJuly">June-July</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="08A105845A706A9E91E8833AEA7D7C21" originalValue="JuneJuly">June-July</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="SeptemberOctober">September-October</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D8BFF17C9CC8E2B1600225C6752B4A36" originalValue="SeptemberOctober">September-October</normalizedToken>
, and December.
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="35" pageNumber="160" pagination="446 - 485" title="Notes on the winter Lepidoptera of Lake Worth, Florida." volume="4" year="1901">Dyar (1901)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D53DE2C1597BCE2EA166B3E9A2061E4D" author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="35" pageNumber="160" pagination="446 - 485" title="Notes on the winter Lepidoptera of Lake Worth, Florida." volume="4" year="1901">Dyar (1901)</bibRefCitation>
stated that larvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EE28B93F61A747B623D25D50E34107FE" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(referred to as
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<taxonomicName id="6C3A17E5C067BD7CDA19F0E3B225FEC1" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Paectes burserae</taxonomicName>
) are common on gumbo-limbo (
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<taxonomicName id="D472BFD160604E0545E175E5A235F9F8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
(L.) Sarg., Burseraceae). In Costa Rica
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<taxonomicName id="7ECFE1ACC4F232BAD0DB64A9BAACB6E7" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
collecting dates range from May through November and has been reared from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A8FA04888489420455241ABAC82A12B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B190A69842EA7483B0CBEF60B8D43617" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
(Jacq.) Triana &amp; Planch.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="138" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="1132B4B610725A4E999CA56C87F21F6B" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="E63E35C25340AD4E261037637DF7588C" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2840C6D09F646DB2C07A3AF8C9FCE525" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="D815C53122EF3566796558D9B9BEB69B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
has two forms. A form that is easily confused with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C1C643478B08AFB3EE2595D614F8328E" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
and a more boldly marked form where the antemedial and postmedial lines and marginal dash are heavily marked with black and there are scattered black scales along the forewing posterior margin adjacent to the antemedial line. The holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="A512253686E961E438A16A52614A98ED" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is a heavily marked form.
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View file

@ -1,115 +1,115 @@
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1214" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 12 - 14. Madagopsina apographica species group, dorsal view of wings 12 M. apographica, ♀, Fianarantsoa 13 M. freidbergi, ♀, paratype, Vohimana 14 M. tschirnhausi, ♂, holotype, Mount Ambre. Scale bars 0.5 mm. Figures 12 - 14 (Feijen et al. 2018, figures 8 - 10)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.67433.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/580797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2328" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 23 - 28. Posterior view of Madagopsina surstyli 23 - 25 M. apollo species group 26 - 28 M. apographica species group 23 M. apollo 24 M. makayensis Feijen, Feijen &amp; Feijen, sp. nov. 25 M. parvapollina 26 M. apographica 27 M. freidbergi 28 M. tschirnhausi. Scale bar 0.1 mm (all drawn to the same scale). Figures 25 - 28 (Feijen et al. 2018, figures 187, 184, 186, 188)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.67433.figures23-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/580800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F7485F8531E3567B6A807A297C02A00E" captionStart="Figures 1214" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 12 - 14. Madagopsina apographica species group, dorsal view of wings 12 M. apographica, ♀, Fianarantsoa 13 M. freidbergi, ♀, paratype, Vohimana 14 M. tschirnhausi, ♂, holotype, Mount Ambre. Scale bars 0.5 mm. Figures 12 - 14 (Feijen et al. 2018, figures 8 - 10)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.67433.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/580797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6FF621FAE9E642AFE2957D46C7469B1E" captionStart="Figures 2328" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 23 - 28. Posterior view of Madagopsina surstyli 23 - 25 M. apollo species group 26 - 28 M. apographica species group 23 M. apollo 24 M. makayensis Feijen, Feijen &amp; Feijen, sp. nov. 25 M. parvapollina 26 M. apographica 27 M. freidbergi 28 M. tschirnhausi. Scale bar 0.1 mm (all drawn to the same scale). Figures 25 - 28 (Feijen et al. 2018, figures 187, 184, 186, 188)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.67433.figures23-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/580800" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" genus="Diopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diopsis (Eurydiopsis) apographicus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apographicus" subGenus="Eurydiopsis">Diopsis (Eurydiopsis) apographicus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Séguy">Seguy</normalizedToken>
<subSubSection id="96D44FDCECD05555AC4CF0C52E46CFF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5744D863C958AEC0D97068ABC0CE6784" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D2379B53F29028317B5261F091AF37DF" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" genus="Diopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diopsis (Eurydiopsis) apographicus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apographicus" subGenus="Eurydiopsis">Diopsis (Eurydiopsis) apographicus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="BC00A8857B10ED46D96C9AFDD54B9F0F" originalValue="Séguy">Seguy</normalizedToken>
, 1949: 69.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vanschuytbroeck" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" genus="Eurydiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurydiopsis anjahanaribei" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anjahanaribei">Eurydiopsis anjahanaribei</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="13F04C495F9F828BCA2FB8FC7CAEBF57" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B5427443476D09D84FF8DBB3C50EFB7B" authorityName="Vanschuytbroeck" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" genus="Eurydiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurydiopsis anjahanaribei" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anjahanaribei">Eurydiopsis anjahanaribei</taxonomicName>
Vanschuytbroeck, 1965: 336.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Seguy" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" genus="Madagopsina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madagopsina apographica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apographica">Madagopsina apographica</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="6C785A23D4EABE117990171C8F6330BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="AF8752A2DF16A8EEF7CBC9F95B354BD2" baseAuthorityName="Seguy" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Diopsidae" genus="Madagopsina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madagopsina apographica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apographica">Madagopsina apographica</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" author="Feijen, HR" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 215" refId="B10" refString="Feijen, HR, Feijen, FAA, Feijen, C, 2018. Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160 (3): 141 - 215, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" title="Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" volume="160" year="2018">Feijen et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="06B04651385DCE1866CD0DDCF342D706" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" author="Feijen, HR" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 215" refId="B10" refString="Feijen, HR, Feijen, FAA, Feijen, C, 2018. Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160 (3): 141 - 215, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" title="Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" volume="160" year="2018">Feijen et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 151.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="512F32AE2BFB761C6E2BAC16A4E3BEF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph id="740BC55C74755732BEABD2A0B4FDB4FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9985A62D7D5676BC9BC28C3730EA50EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Madagascar, 1 ♀, Fianarantsoa, Vatovavy, Fitovinany, Ifanadiana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-21.259445">21°15'34&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D8050F2F4019904400E056BDF6D0DD4C" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-21.259445">21°15'34&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="47.41528">47°24'55&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3E4C0FF4BF64A11D0760DF946EB24915" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="47.41528">47°24'55&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 977 m, 7.xi.2014, lemurtaquin, (ref. www.inaturalist.org/observations/36199753); 1?sex (probably ♀), Antsiranana, Sava, Sambava, rainforest,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="60" value="-14.45">14°26'60&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4CB1C9B0DD6A7101412F2039DE8F1F85" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="60" value="-14.45">14°26'60&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="49.719444">49°43'10&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="CC2A26921E585BC42C14EAC2AEA5D11F" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="49.719444">49°43'10&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1310 m, 30.x.2016,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Éric">Eric</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CD939751FB1A3707E6285ED10183DC17" originalValue="Éric">Eric</normalizedToken>
Mathieu (ref. www.inaturalist.org/observations/69807405). The new records fall well within the eastern forests distribution as indicated in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" author="Feijen, HR" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 215" refId="B10" refString="Feijen, HR, Feijen, FAA, Feijen, C, 2018. Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160 (3): 141 - 215, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" title="Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" volume="160" year="2018">Feijen et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="AA1A21C8D3E33CE10DE48FF8411FF4C2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" author="Feijen, HR" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 215" refId="B10" refString="Feijen, HR, Feijen, FAA, Feijen, C, 2018. Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160 (3): 141 - 215, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" title="Madagopsina gen. n. and Gracilopsina gen. n. (Diptera: Diopsidae) from Madagascar with description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-00002069" volume="160" year="2018">Feijen et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

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@ -1,121 +1,120 @@
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classification Animalia Coleoptera Cantharidae
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName authority="Wittmer, 1997" authorityName="Wittmer" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis denominata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denominata">Fissocantharis denominata (Wittmer, 1997)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="B02AD9CAFD2E34233FB0E435291F408D" authority="Wittmer, 1997" authorityName="Wittmer" authorityYear="1997" genus="Fissocantharis" lsidName="Fissocantharis denominata" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="denominata">Fissocantharis denominata (Wittmer, 1997)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Podabrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podabrus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Podabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="FD4A984A00C1E3DDA4E11BD04FBD4F05" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A8E8081B6699B6522B5C996C987E46E2" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="69BCE1FC513A8E7645BED77E24D66866" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Podabrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podabrus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Podabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
Wittmer, 1954: 274.
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus taiwanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">Micropodabrus taiwanus</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="85B6D73A8DE677B87C80D71C1BE9C2F4" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="987E75B07E346CB7CE890297EEA5A311" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus taiwanus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="taiwanus">Micropodabrus taiwanus</taxonomicName>
Wittmer, 1982: 130 [replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Podabrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podabrus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Podabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="40BA43F14F9008D141883042F1702533" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Podabrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podabrus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Podabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
Wittmer, 1954].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus denominatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denominatus">Micropodabrus denominatus</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="DC76BCF0DEA6892F99B5FC081C980363" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="709029A8686DC20A1DA36ACC3F4CD242" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus denominatus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="denominatus">Micropodabrus denominatus</taxonomicName>
Wittmer, 1997: 310 [replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus taiwanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">Micropodabrus taiwanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A19831322C32109AE49C8B35AD84AE4C" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus taiwanus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="taiwanus">Micropodabrus taiwanus</taxonomicName>
Wittmer, 1982, nec Wittmer, 1979].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus wittmeri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Micropodabrus wittmeri</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="030B8B2ADB768DE8AA0595D3850296D2" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="0EA5FE366B307AFCCADD3597231EE00B" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus wittmeri" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Micropodabrus wittmeri</taxonomicName>
Kazantsev, 2007: 54 [replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus taiwanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanus">Micropodabrus taiwanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EF42C88036A5F19AE738BDF14F87F626" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus taiwanus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="taiwanus">Micropodabrus taiwanus</taxonomicName>
Wittmer, 1982, nec Wittmer, 1979]. syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis denominata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denominata">Fissocantharis denominata</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="B068BB8D735F85041CFC4BA0F783135E" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="14D801CA29DE0CBF971A54BFF4C72517" genus="Fissocantharis" lsidName="Fissocantharis denominata" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="denominata">Fissocantharis denominata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, YX" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia et Collectionis Frey" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" pagination="49 - 54" title="Synonymical notes on the genus Micropodabrus Pic and related genera (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)." volume="31" year="2009">Yang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="332A6CCA03C1E734186388292407733A" author="Yang, YX" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia et Collectionis Frey" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" pagination="49 - 54" title="Synonymical notes on the genus Micropodabrus Pic and related genera (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)." volume="31" year="2009">Yang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 49.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis wittmeri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Fissocantharis wittmeri</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="79F327B80D697405B8D8B905F6246D5D" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="036E43E92994DD1EC1F639CC2C2A4B5A" genus="Fissocantharis" lsidName="Fissocantharis wittmeri" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Fissocantharis wittmeri</taxonomicName>
Kazantsev:
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, YX" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia et Collectionis Frey" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" pagination="49 - 54" title="Synonymical notes on the genus Micropodabrus Pic and related genera (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)." volume="31" year="2009">Yang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B67FBE34D88DC1A7170F12AFA01FCAA9" author="Yang, YX" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia et Collectionis Frey" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" pagination="49 - 54" title="Synonymical notes on the genus Micropodabrus Pic and related genera (Coleoptera, Cantharidae)." volume="31" year="2009">Yang et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 49.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">China (Taiwan).</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="713B9EC0FD13B9DDAB13A30725685ADA" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="07ED6C673069216386E7281F9E18E0AA" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87A7E6FCD9D3CF7C5221026D17A21FB2" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">China (Taiwan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation author="Kazantsev, S" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" pagination="47 - 54" title="New Acts and Comments: Cantharidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4" year="2007">Kazantsev (2007)</bibRefCitation>
<subSubSection id="2D70D7A1AECA04AE6909760BFFA101DF" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="1ACF6FCE05BBBF845BDE7410F2EB7120" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D06BC2C92B60E6B034D9E33C1223CA7" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="3C01C849F317CB9FDF1AC1C6A9AD16C7" author="Kazantsev, S" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" pagination="47 - 54" title="New Acts and Comments: Cantharidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4" year="2007">Kazantsev (2007)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus wittmeri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Micropodabrus wittmeri</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8601501DAD1D702FB40047061732F859" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus wittmeri" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Micropodabrus wittmeri</taxonomicName>
as a replacement name for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Micropodabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5F5FE2B8F3153C1A53DAF59F59A3FC64" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus formosanus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="formosanus">Micropodabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
(Wittmer, 1954), which was originally described in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Podabrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podabrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Podabrus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DCE8C1D276AB3FA748BB6FB61ECD2CE6" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Podabrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podabrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Podabrus</taxonomicName>
Westwood, 1838. However,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus formosanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Micropodabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65D1E2CF04D91CBAD6FC633A445C264C" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus formosanus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="formosanus">Micropodabrus formosanus</taxonomicName>
had been already replaced by a replacement name as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus denominatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denominatus">Micropodabrus denominatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EAC05A6E2F079B91488A8FCF19894003" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus denominatus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="denominatus">Micropodabrus denominatus</taxonomicName>
Wittmer, 1997, so
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus wittmeri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Micropodabrus wittmeri</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B7EBA960C465C04CBB5F3EDE2C97C1E0" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus wittmeri" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="wittmeri">Micropodabrus wittmeri</taxonomicName>
Kazantsev, 2007 is a junior objective synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Micropodabrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropodabrus denominatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denominatus">Micropodabrus denominatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3033128FE684AEF7D2F61B58AFA32A71" genus="Micropodabrus" lsidName="Micropodabrus denominatus" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="denominatus">Micropodabrus denominatus</taxonomicName>
, which is the valid name as the oldest available name applied to this species (ICZN 4th, Article 57.2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,143 +1,143 @@
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16F50656A178F18EA26A1DF68FF10747" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3047B23B061DFDB95536CF0A7AC21B89" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="9D1611D9544B59ABEF32FC9729141E50" authorityName="Penz. &amp; Sacc., Malpighia 15 (7 - 9): 245 (1902" authorityYear="1901" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Dictyosporiaceae" genus="Trichobotrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichobotrys" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E2379364F4835EFE782800D03AF187F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Trichobotrys</emphasis>
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was introduced by
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ and Bhat 2001
). The taxonomic classification of the genus is doubtful due to the lack of molecular phylogeny. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="6AA08A82418D08A977C1E4D157E1685B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2" author="Wijayawardene, NN" journalOrPublisher="Mycosphere" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="53 - 453" refId="B124" refString="Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Dai, DQ, Sanchez-Garcia, M, Goto, BT, Saxena, RK, Erdogdu, M, Selcuk, F, Rajeshkumar, KC, Aptroot, A, Blaszkowski, J, Boonyuen, N, da Silva, GA, de Souza, FA, Dong, W, Ertz, D, Haelewaters, D, Jones, EBG, Karunarathna, SC, Kirk, PM, Kukwa, M, Kumla, J, Leontyev, DV, Lumbsch, HT, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Marguno, F, Martinez-Rodriguez, P, Mesic, A, Monteiro, JS, Oehl, F, Pawlowska, J, Pem, D, Pfliegler, WP, Phillips, AJL, Posta, A, He, MQ, Li, JX, Raza, M, Sruthi, OP, Suetrong, S, Suwannarach, N, Tedersoo, L, Thiyagaraja, V, Tibpromma, S, Tkalcec, Z, Tokarev, YS, Wanasinghe, DN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wimalaseana, SDMK, Madrid, H, Zhang, GQ, Gao, Y, Sanchez-Castro, I, Tang, LZ, Stadler, M, Yurkov, A, Thines, M, 2022b. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa-2021. Mycosphere 13 (1): 53 - 453, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2" title="Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa- 2021." url="https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2" volume="13" year="2022 b">Wijayawardene et al. (2022b)</bibRefCitation>
treated
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<taxonomicName id="37C2D9245A1AFA4D6D5AF5BEB292C5DC" authorityName="Penz. &amp; Sacc., Malpighia 15 (7 - 9): 245 (1902" authorityYear="1901" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Dictyosporiaceae" genus="Trichobotrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichobotrys" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4F591A0C452EF171C17237B4EE93A971" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Trichobotrys</emphasis>
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as
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ genus
<emphasis id="6ED45C1A0C17FAD74F88287EE8665518" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. sinensis</emphasis>
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is introduced and the phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the genus affinity in
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.
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</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,157 +1,157 @@
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Mollugo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mollugo oppositifolia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia">Mollugo oppositifolia</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="31F024AB4208AADA64B9EB4B0D4891DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="57ACE5F121370BBA3A7233EA20DC439C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6918E1458DB7F04777032D75DFA06D45" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Mollugo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mollugo oppositifolia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia">Mollugo oppositifolia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Mollugo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mollugo oppositifolia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia">Mollugo oppositifolia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="70449A067B452ACA872EBDD6B6191287" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Mollugo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mollugo oppositifolia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia">Mollugo oppositifolia</taxonomicName>
L., Sp. Pl. 1: 89 (1753).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DB6A9BBB80CF745B6D839FC862BA33D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: Sri Lanka.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. Hermann</emphasis>
<emphasis id="73F0960A7EBC275775A1727CA9EEC9D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. Hermann</emphasis>
in Herb. Hermann 1: fol. 20 (BM000621295!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="D7EF452004C4DDD5A93470308A4A4FAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="F51CCC1292222794571CB52D3F6AF13D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3C975E2E8905FED120E564517D8E67C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Annual, branched from the base, with numerous prostrate stems often forming mats up to 1 m in diameter; young parts of the stems covered with simple crispate hairs usually arranged along one line; prickles absent or unnoticeable with the naked eye. Leaves rosulate, short-lived, and cauline, green, glabrous or puberulent, shortly petiolate (petioles 3-10 mm long), entire or coarsely denticulate, oblong, ovate, obovate or narrowly obovate, (10)15-45(55) mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F9F015431E3976D25EDE6299CD8978AB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-15(20) mm, apically shortly acuminate, lateral veins neither recessed adaxially nor prominent abaxially. Flower clusters interrupted, consisting of (1)2-10 flowers, rarely more; flowers usually with unequal pedicels 7.0-20.0 mm long, or sometimes (sub)sessile; buds and closed anthocarp of cylindrical shape. Perianth segments in flowering (2.7)3.0-3.5 mm long, in fruiting (3.5)4.0-5.0(5.5) mm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, dorsally green or pink with white margins and ventrally white or pinkish, sometimes turning red at senescence; petaloids usually absent. Stamens usually 5, rarely 4 or 6-7; anthers (03.-0.5)0.6-0.8(1.0) mm long. Stigmas 3, 0.3-0.6 mm long. Seeds reddish or brown-red, rarely yellow-brown, 0.30-0.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FF70A3DAA64D54CACCB32A6DC4CB45B0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(0.25)0.3-0.4 mm, colliculate or rarely smooth, longitudinal ridges absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aug. DC., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 1: 559" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Corbichoniaceae" genus="Glinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glinus oppositifolius" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glinus oppositifolius</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="B24E24058556E05AF92853B5788C9509" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="FEB709292D0342BAF701BBACE94DCE52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E7CAC216E22307FCAB8A375AB15178A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A61EC64F83601CA1B5F22DF0D1483008" authorityName="Aug. DC., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 1: 559" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Corbichoniaceae" genus="Glinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glinus oppositifolius" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolius">
<emphasis id="F56C16EE62BCFE27E3ADCA5EB0B68EE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glinus oppositifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sometimes confused with
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Gisekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gisekia pharnaceoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pharnaceoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gisekia pharnaceoides</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DCDE302A09E532AD883847E95165EAFF" class="Eudicots" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Gisekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gisekia pharnaceoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pharnaceoides">
<emphasis id="8B358B9826D4C3B2C654CEE6571174CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gisekia pharnaceoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gisekiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Gisekiaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A14111192CC1603C00B52468A935130B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gisekiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Gisekiaceae</taxonomicName>
). The most remarkable characters of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Eudicots" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Gisekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gisekia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gisekia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="288F001DA23EDBA67FB752BD585A4632" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Eudicots" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Gisekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gisekia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="98EFB6D68D5D3560FFAB41DB01E9A5EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gisekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the leaves and perianth with white striae (formed by cells with raphides), and its capsules are divided into 5-15 mericarps each containing one exarillate seed (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117942" author="Gilbert, MG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 356" refId="B58" refString="Gilbert, MG, 1993b. A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). Kew Bulletin 48 (2): 343 - 356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4117942" title="A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117942" volume="48" year="1993 b">Gilbert 1993b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="677B46811C3EB2E6A4B69EA5FE2B9E38" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117942" author="Gilbert, MG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 356" refId="B58" refString="Gilbert, MG, 1993b. A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae). Kew Bulletin 48 (2): 343 - 356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4117942" title="A review of Gisekia (Gisekiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117942" volume="48" year="1993 b">Gilbert 1993b</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Eudicots" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Gisekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gisekia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gisekia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="91FF10A55C7CD3A34118D8CB218D4DBC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Eudicots" family="Molluginaceae" genus="Gisekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gisekia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="184924F5BD8B275AE648C45E8C21CF7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gisekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="L., Sp. Pl. 1: 463" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Corbichoniaceae" genus="Glinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glinus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glinus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="61C6A8A38A2A351D26C6F5ADA11FB4E3" authorityName="L., Sp. Pl. 1: 463" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Corbichoniaceae" genus="Glinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Glinus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FE76B921035ADD8C86A4879712177E87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species do not have easily visible raphides in any part of the plant and their capsules are multi-seeded with arillate seeds.
</paragraph>

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@ -1,347 +1,347 @@
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8.
<taxonomicName LSID="2FB20E5A-29EA-530F-A62A-B7D21035305F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus minimucro" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimucro">Tropopterus minimucro</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. trisinuatus female; Cautin Prov., Villarrica (CAS). B. T. minimucro female; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (OSAC). C. T. fieldianus male; Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354025" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2">Figures 2B</figureCitation>
<taxonomicName id="AF46CB71695649705D62995EBB25160C" ID-CoL="8LY4T" LSID="2FB20E5A-29EA-530F-A62A-B7D21035305F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus minimucro" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimucro">Tropopterus minimucro</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E935789771139AE3A6C8F4CE6E77B97" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="67B293EEC17851B5089B374AF6533BFD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. trisinuatus female; Cautin Prov., Villarrica (CAS). B. T. minimucro female; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (OSAC). C. T. fieldianus male; Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354025" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2">Figures 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">
5
<normalizedToken originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
<figureCitation id="3762C549D6AC6D69EF20EDFAE054857B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">
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</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">
6
<normalizedToken originalValue="JK">J-K</normalizedToken>
<figureCitation id="E14F8A17A7B09B39946B7960DF77E33C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">
6
<normalizedToken id="45FCAFC5457E8A55F64059749926FB46" originalValue="JK">J-K</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">7F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="239FA70BB9370328CD42D028756F0C11" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">7F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">8F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7253D82D2B79C321457B539194793149" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">8F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">9H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A17FE1B531F1D02AFE151A5553C4C866" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">9H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram returned under all cladistic protocols described in text; tree length = 97, CI = 57, RI = 47, fast character optimization shown. Outgroup choice of Pharetis thayerae based on results in Liebherr (2020). Geographic region abbreviations after taxon name include: eastern Australia (EOZ); Santiagan entomofaunal province (San); Northern Valdivian entomofaunal province (NV); Southern Valdivian Entomofaunal province (SV)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354033" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10">10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CEC329C798776CC8C2873EAECDA1CD77" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram returned under all cladistic protocols described in text; tree length = 97, CI = 57, RI = 47, fast character optimization shown. Outgroup choice of Pharetis thayerae based on results in Liebherr (2020). Geographic region abbreviations after taxon name include: eastern Australia (EOZ); Santiagan entomofaunal province (San); Northern Valdivian entomofaunal province (NV); Southern Valdivian Entomofaunal province (SV)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354033" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10">10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="23C32674341212F6E2AAAE97243239F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D00FD9C971776F2520A78DAC1C2DD0BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCA78F56166A224AECF09635D164280F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EACE1688B98327957DF5D966BEE70A1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
= 5). These larger sized beetles - standardized body length = 7.2-7.9 mm - can be distinguished by the closely punctate sutural stria which becomes a fine, narrow impression on the elytral apex, and the broadly impressed and smooth stria 2 which is obsolete apically (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. trisinuatus female; Cautin Prov., Villarrica (CAS). B. T. minimucro female; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (OSAC). C. T. fieldianus male; Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354025" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). The basal elytral groove is absent across most of the elytral base, though it extends for a short distance medially from the elevated humeral tooth at the base of the elytral lateral marginal depression. The pronotum is moderately transverse (MPW/PL = 1.27-1.37) and the pronotal base is smooth except for 5-8 shallow punctures mesad the laterobasal depression. The parascutellar striole is present as a broad smooth groove mesad the parascutellar seta, the groove not continuous with the base of the sutural stria. Ventrally the prosternum is broadly and deeply depressed medially from the prosternal process ventral face anterad 2/3 toward the prothoracic anterior margin, and the mesepisternum is irregularly punctate with 8-9 punctures in 2 or 3 vertical rows. The dorsal body surface bears well-developed microsculpture: 1, the vertex with an evident isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; 2, the pronotum with a dense transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
<figureCitation id="928797EBEA6CF0084C607EA035965B13" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. trisinuatus female; Cautin Prov., Villarrica (CAS). B. T. minimucro female; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (OSAC). C. T. fieldianus male; Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354025" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). The basal elytral groove is absent across most of the elytral base, though it extends for a short distance medially from the elevated humeral tooth at the base of the elytral lateral marginal depression. The pronotum is moderately transverse (MPW/PL = 1.27-1.37) and the pronotal base is smooth except for 5-8 shallow punctures mesad the laterobasal depression. The parascutellar striole is present as a broad smooth groove mesad the parascutellar seta, the groove not continuous with the base of the sutural stria. Ventrally the prosternum is broadly and deeply depressed medially from the prosternal process ventral face anterad 2/3 toward the prothoracic anterior margin, and the mesepisternum is irregularly punctate with 8-9 punctures in 2 or 3 vertical rows. The dorsal body surface bears well-developed microsculpture: 1, the vertex with an evident isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; 2, the pronotum with a dense transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
<normalizedToken id="037F3C1288F34925D2CC38E7A700D625" originalValue="3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
length, accompanied by transverse lines over portions of the surface; and 3, the elytra with dense transverse lines resulting in iridescence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Head capsule broad with moderately convex eyes, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.45, 25 ommatidia crossed by a horizontal diameter of eye; ocular lobes slightly protruded, their posterior margin obtusely meeting gena, ocular lobe ratio 0.85-0.89; antennae elongate, antennomere 9 length 2.30
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximal diameter; mandibles moderately elongate, distance from anterior condyle to apex of left mandible 1.76
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
distance from condyle to lateroapical margin of labrum; mentum basal breadth 2.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length from lateral apex to base, very deep paramedial pits laterad base of mentum tooth; ligular apex broad, truncate, two setae separated by 4 setal diameters; paraglossae extended beyond ligular margin slightly more than distance from their base to ligular margin. Transverse pronotum with sides sinuate before acute, projected and denticulate hind angles; median base completely margined, base smooth medially anterad marginal bead, with ~8 minute punctures each side mesad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression with deep, lenticular depression on median base, finely engraved on disc; anterior transverse impression broad and shallow medially, deeper laterally toward front angles; anterior margin smooth medially, margined in outer half of breadth each side; front angles only slightly protruded, rounded; lateral marginal depression very narrow in anterior 2/3 of length, gradually widened to hind angle; lateral setae separated from lateral marginal depression by diameter of articulatory socket; laterobasal depression subquadrate, a smooth tubercle upraised in middle of depression. Elytra broader in apical half, humeri narrowly rounded; lateral marginal depression ended blindly at humerus; parascutellar striole absent, sutural stria indicated by series of isolated punctures, those punctures more closely spaced in apical half, the stria smooth, narrow and deep on apex; subapical and apical setae together in depressed remnant of stria 7; stria 8 greatly reduced, broad and shallow among anterior lateral elytral setae, absent to shallow medially, and shallow, interrupted to deeper and continuous between setae of posterior series; lateral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with transverse sculpticells; subapical sinuation broad and shallow, elytral plica evident in lateral view. Metepisternum slightly elongate, maximal width 0.83
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<subSubSection id="4860831E09BF65CD2362C180C2A0194D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph id="7611D07B7DDAE3B854E75347428AAF37" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C57110907D7FBB2DE57C2BFE2ECAFAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Head capsule broad with moderately convex eyes, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.45, 25 ommatidia crossed by a horizontal diameter of eye; ocular lobes slightly protruded, their posterior margin obtusely meeting gena, ocular lobe ratio 0.85-0.89; antennae elongate, antennomere 9 length 2.30
<normalizedToken id="B493A8B44C7FB613230EB624ED09EB71" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximal diameter; mandibles moderately elongate, distance from anterior condyle to apex of left mandible 1.76
<normalizedToken id="B4B21724C65227CDD8CB3A1E004AC6E3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
distance from condyle to lateroapical margin of labrum; mentum basal breadth 2.8
<normalizedToken id="F9C16B61BA3F2DF9F16C5A184E21C40B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length from lateral apex to base, very deep paramedial pits laterad base of mentum tooth; ligular apex broad, truncate, two setae separated by 4 setal diameters; paraglossae extended beyond ligular margin slightly more than distance from their base to ligular margin. Transverse pronotum with sides sinuate before acute, projected and denticulate hind angles; median base completely margined, base smooth medially anterad marginal bead, with ~8 minute punctures each side mesad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression with deep, lenticular depression on median base, finely engraved on disc; anterior transverse impression broad and shallow medially, deeper laterally toward front angles; anterior margin smooth medially, margined in outer half of breadth each side; front angles only slightly protruded, rounded; lateral marginal depression very narrow in anterior 2/3 of length, gradually widened to hind angle; lateral setae separated from lateral marginal depression by diameter of articulatory socket; laterobasal depression subquadrate, a smooth tubercle upraised in middle of depression. Elytra broader in apical half, humeri narrowly rounded; lateral marginal depression ended blindly at humerus; parascutellar striole absent, sutural stria indicated by series of isolated punctures, those punctures more closely spaced in apical half, the stria smooth, narrow and deep on apex; subapical and apical setae together in depressed remnant of stria 7; stria 8 greatly reduced, broad and shallow among anterior lateral elytral setae, absent to shallow medially, and shallow, interrupted to deeper and continuous between setae of posterior series; lateral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with transverse sculpticells; subapical sinuation broad and shallow, elytral plica evident in lateral view. Metepisternum slightly elongate, maximal width 0.83
<normalizedToken id="FB86E323CC1D6653870BA2563EDB4A24" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
lateral length. Abdomen with ventrites 3-6 broadly depressed laterally; suture between ventrites 1 and 2 slightly sinuate, ventrite 2 depressed within sinuation; base of ventrites 4-6 depressed, no evidence of punctures associated with the intersegmental membranes; female apical ventrite with two long setae each side and four shorter setae in a more basally situated transverse row medially. Coloration of dorsal body dark rufous, antennae, mouthparts and legs rufobrunneous; ventral body surface also dark rufous, proepipleuron and elytral epipleuron concolorous to paler, rufobrunneous, apex of abdomen not paler.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<paragraph id="9250B8BE014C32A8533C7465C5C23599" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Male genitalia (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D51327397A8CD09A9000F6233032151F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
= 10). Aedeagal median lobe broad dorsoventrally, the ostial opening narrowed to a rounded apex that bears a very small mucro on the ventrobasal surface (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="365E9E29A14FD9ED65423BB2FCB109D2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
); a large, distally serrate ventrobasal spicular sclerite present (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="37B5D51B42EE481D878C6C511708C624" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
); flagellum elongate, associated with membranous flagellar sheath. Antecostal apodeme of abdominal IX broadly rounded distally, juncture of two lateral arms asymmetrically offset toward left side, the distal extension short. Right paramere elongate with narrow apical extension (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6J, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0A7065FE2FDFB8FC083E4F6CFD8F053E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6J, K</figureCitation>
), ventral surface lined with 10-14 small setae, one or two larger setae at apex, and from one to several small setae on dorsoapical surface; left paramere broad basally, the apex ranging from a gradually narrow apex (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AD6FEA4CA463C634A01F536959C18027" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
) to a very narrow, digitiform extension (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="24C9273F1C36F2D1BDC3E1F1EE8A89C5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, &quot; Tropopterus nitidus Sol. &quot; [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6K</figureCitation>
), two longer apical setae accompanied by several short setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<paragraph id="EF571E939220003E314FEE82F1405216" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Female reproductive tract (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
= 1). Bursa copulatrix ovoid, expanded apically, length about 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="1C3F3410EF897E7A4170C7A7EED4E9A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
= 1). Bursa copulatrix ovoid, expanded apically, length about 1.6
<normalizedToken id="F14038F0D46AF5E4468B97031A66D875" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
greatest breadth, compressed under microslide cover slip (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="361AE3CE98A08189A6E8EA73D2A84B53" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
); spermatheca globose; spermathecal gland large, ovoid; spermathecal gland duct entering spermathecal duct basad spermathecal reservoir; basal gonocoxite 1 with apical fringe of one larger seta and one smaller seta (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13E28234BDAEA422E625647641804838" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
); apical gonocoxite 2 broadly triangular, base moderately extended laterally, with two lateral ensiform setae, one dorsal ensiform seta, and two apical nematiform setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<paragraph id="56CAEEF9A4293F2542527F4C3DF73F38" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Holotype male, dissected (MCZ): PucaTrihue / Orsono Prov. / III-23-62 / CHILE Pena // dissection vial // Tropopterus / minimucro / Liebherr ♂2 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2019 // HOLOTYPE / Tropopterus / minimucro / J.K. Liebherr 2019 (black-margined red label). The geographic coordinates for the type locality are
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="32.10" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.535">40°32.10'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2D4F2BB23C5B186F30937B5B923BC426" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="32.10" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.535">40°32.10'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="41.53" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.69217">73°41.53'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C3A25FB6129293D97BF6BD44107D9330" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="41.53" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.69217">73°41.53'W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<paragraph id="BD6A6C20F45C11F71C1A263BB1C55B00" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Paratypes: Chile:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="75494F6BF549FA135E6A746E32A62AC7" originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
Prov., Bellavista, Lago Villarrica, 39 12.55'S, 72 08.14'W, 250 m el., 8-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 4).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2BA2E9ACBB8DB3EB47549B1F11276AE9" originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
Prov.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Degán">Degan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AE79BA3E2919ED72DE26DB6115ACFBE9" originalValue="Degán">Degan</normalizedToken>
, 10.3 km E, rte. W33, lot CH2006.18.1.1,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="10.37" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.172832">42°10.37'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B2B7929CEFDC0A1C1D16E3175DC56A67" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="10.37" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.172832">42°10.37'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="36.72" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.612">73°36.72'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A6B0CDBDA2390693BB968CC14EF70587" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="36.72" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.612">73°36.72'W</geoCoordinate>
, 166 m el., 18-i-2006, Will (EMEC etoh, 1), Huillinco, 5.4 km S, Rio Terahuin,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="43.12" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.718666">42°43.12'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7B0AD5CE161CA8612299C5933BF470EA" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="43.12" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.718666">42°43.12'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="53.87" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.897835">73°53.87'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3AE0E16E750073C2F7D77A11848EC802" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="53.87" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.897835">73°53.87'W</geoCoordinate>
, 36 m el., 22-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 2), P. N.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6E837DE21304CA75211E4E9F13FF9796" originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
, Cucao, lot CH2002/3.53,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="38.47" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.641167">42°38.47'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="326AF0BB943BC7999725B23EC3319CFD" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="38.47" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.641167">42°38.47'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="07.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.11667">74°07.00'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="AB28CB1A437E4AFF3E7F6F49A87B73D6" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="07.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.11667">74°07.00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 m el., 20-i-2003, Will (EMEC etoh, 3). Llanquihue Prov., Lago Chapo, near SE end, km 9.9 on road to Rollizo, Valdivian rainforest on steep slope, lot 989; pyr.-fogging old logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="30.63" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.5105">41°30.63'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BEBE9AC3E1990C2BA79B7DBF0C6D675F" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="30.63" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.5105">41°30.63'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="23.98" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.399666">72°23.98'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="667EED948F0D92675A98C8C13B6D540D" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="23.98" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.399666">72°23.98'W</geoCoordinate>
, 385 m el., 26-i-1997, Newton &amp; Thayer (FMNH etoh, 1), P. N. Vicente
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6E11924B4E545D89B370E3DDD1042CF8" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
Rosales,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2A6A5F8219C1B193D6787C1150B2B66B" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Osorno, SW slope ca. km 11 to La Burbuja, low
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F6C3CAE8D8644578ED37E481566A69A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
<emphasis id="7F2AFA54D4F4FBD13D9FA47070598A8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
w/ mixed understory, lot 1005, FMHD #97-35, Berlese leaf and log litter,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.91" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.131832">41°07.91'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F2DC9ECAFD34DB271EACFB246077BEBD" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.91" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.131832">41°07.91'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32.16" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.536">72°32.16'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="833731A72805786CEEE74383F12E8FC1" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32.16" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.536">72°32.16'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1065 m el., 27-i-1997, Newton &amp; Thayer (FMNH, 1), Ensenada, 9.2 km NE, on road to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrohué">Petrohue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="424D10792D10C67D1D0827F21C207021" originalValue="Petrohué">Petrohue</normalizedToken>
, Valdivian rainforest with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02A7724784B7B1360387DDD2CAAC70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D48B07D62A76FE6C6F45AD34B45CBEBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., lot 987, pyr.-fogging old logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="10.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.17">41°10.20'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EBCD71203FCBCD0EC262E0902BB3A4EA" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="10.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.17">41°10.20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="27.10" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.45167">72°27.10'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B4B2BD1BA74CB1964880B34309722F63" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="27.10" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.45167">72°27.10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 125 m el., 28-i-1997, Newton &amp; Thayer (FMNH etoh, 1),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8DEE73709DC6563856C1F914A2075245" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Osorno, SW slope c. km 11 to La Burbuja, low
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E32F6DB4EA9B9FA10B01C03284723182" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
<emphasis id="97DCBF680E88DB5B105F71AF90568141" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
w/bamboo &amp; shrub understory, lot 1065, pyr.-fogging old mossy logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-41.131668">41°07.9'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="822249E4322DA2C1730774AE8542CC80" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-41.131668">41°07.9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.53333">72°32'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4397BAC2BEA6F8DE493B558FB6984AEF" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.53333">72°32'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1090 m el., 15-xii-2002, Newton &amp; Thayer (FMNH, 1). Osorno Prov., P. N. Puyehue, lot CH2002/3.192,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="40.22" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.670334">40°40.22'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FC5DECF8DCC18D8E0857BDE90E9C17DC" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="40.22" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.670334">40°40.22'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.16783">72°10.07'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D5AC7C8674B8A3AE06EC9B47F76061FB" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.16783">72°10.07'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m el., 23-i-2003, Will (EMEC etoh, 1), lot CH2002/3.187,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="40.22" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.670334">40°40.22'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6F6F8872453EDB622A122C63309D1A88" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="40.22" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.670334">40°40.22'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.16783">72°10.07'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="123F807FA1B57A8CFC7D815C88941EB0" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.16783">72°10.07'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m el. 23-i-2003, Will (EMEC etoh, 2), P. N. Puyehue, Anticura, Repucura Tr., lot P#85-113, FMHD #85-996, Berlese forest litter,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="39.97" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.66617">40°39.97'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7A4B528C0F9E5829A0D4F7B7FB0EFDFE" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="39.97" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.66617">40°39.97'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.47" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.1745">72°10.47'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="701D220641CE4761E9D8D1D0D3A104A6" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.47" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.1745">72°10.47'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m el., 6-ii-1985, S. &amp; J. Peck (FMNH, 2),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E9CD7F28384E1536528B805DF7743414" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Casablanca, E shore Lago Puyehue, Site 36, tundra-forest transition,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-40.733334">40°44'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4989D023773AF541DC4BA97C2B976ADE" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-40.733334">40°44'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.166664">72°10'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BA27FFD7724BCA66BF9DE5FAFF32CC9F" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.166664">72°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1270 m el., 18-xii-1977, Ashworth, Hoganson &amp; Mooers (NDSU, 1), Osorno,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="34.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.575">40°34.50'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="1026ECB51527881FABBF8D86212E5774" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="34.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.575">40°34.50'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="07.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.11667">73°07.00'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="176F602C2E5906BB33BCC30E86AC6E2F" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="07.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.11667">73°07.00'W</geoCoordinate>
, xii-1977 (NMNH, 2). Valdivia Prov.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curiñanco">Curinanco</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EB3EE60E03C787E7207C8429897F8791" originalValue="Curiñanco">Curinanco</normalizedToken>
, road to,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="42.90" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.715">39°42.90'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="62494CDC28BAB11565EA00F7C0F3DCB7" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="42.90" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.715">39°42.90'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="23.77" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.396164">73°23.77'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A3F91BE120931797DBD2A9EBFDAB1840" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="23.77" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.396164">73°23.77'W</geoCoordinate>
, 112 m el., 9-xi-2008, Will (EMEC, 1), La Union, 34 km WNW, lot P#85-36, FMHD #85-921, Berlese mixed forest litter,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="15.00" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.25">40°15.00'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="1F2C845C574C3B34FD27D90C9186729C" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="15.00" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.25">40°15.00'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="23.75" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.395836">73°23.75'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E6FFD99D1E36FF24EA657329E471997E" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="23.75" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.395836">73°23.75'W</geoCoordinate>
, 700 m el., 17-xii-1984, S. &amp; J. Peck (FMNH, 1), P. N. Oncol, Cerro Oncol trail, lot DRM 06-044,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.89" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.698166">39°41.89'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D70E18A71828865BBCF75AAD91CC34D6" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.89" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.698166">39°41.89'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30117">73°18.07'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B3D4A1FD21112001EBF35072B243F9A6" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30117">73°18.07'W</geoCoordinate>
, 525 m el., 10-i-2006, Maddison &amp; Will (OSAC, 1; OSAC etoh, 1), lot DRM 06.045,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.89" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.698166">39°41.89'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="DA4078EC41B4CC6BADD67BC4902F10F5" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.89" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.698166">39°41.89'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30117">73°18.07'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="425815C3D523525E20CECC177AC244B9" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30117">73°18.07'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m, 11-i-2006, Maddison &amp; Seago (OSAC etoh, 1), Sendero Oncol,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.691666">39°41.50'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5E3E54A96CC85294DC69675C0746FEEC" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.691666">39°41.50'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8BFECF090EF0C5C750D51FEDD334C914" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 600 m el., 10-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 1), lot CH2006.10.i.2,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.691666">39°41.50'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="65E6F9C02341D7D100F67D79C4FEA4FB" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.691666">39°41.50'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3A6AB67CBF88208B35FA3C6EDCBF4968" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 600 m el., 10-i-2006 (EMEC etoh, 2),
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.65" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.694168">39°41.65'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="59BCA3100EBFD186443E47C1E13107FC" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.65" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.694168">39°41.65'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B4A155943B468DCBDAA1191F989DE39D" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
, 715 m el., 12-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 8), pitfall trap,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.6925">39°41.55'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7D3FE0979CA0473A1EA01BDCC8AD2910" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.6925">39°41.55'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="17CA6ED3E83FAB2D88D02734EB3FAD94" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
, 690 m el., 10-23-i-2006, Will et al. (EMEC, 2),
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.67" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.6945">39°41.67'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="AE61820BCC255E818E9564A561B7B1BB" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.67" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.6945">39°41.67'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2889650CA965872F2731FF84F36748CB" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 513 m el., 9-xi-2008, Will (EMEC, 2), 600 m el., 8-xi-2008, Will (EMEC, 1), Puerto Fui [sic Fuy], 14 km SE, Lago Pirehueico, Site G, Lenga Forest,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus pumilio" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus pumilio</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C3AD045D0B02C403580E2ABE44EF9356" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus pumilio" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis id="31E3AE6ACBDAFFAC69A1E2B4E9238F06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus pumilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, standard pitfall trap, 39 58'S, 71 48'W, 1230 m el., 5-xii-1987, Ashworth, Fugiseth &amp; Maliscke (NDSU, 1), leaf litter, photoeclector,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E07B07B4CB057EA199C8B7F096079EF4" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C6D531F7F81F1BDA3568F2A68132B139" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1230 m el., 11-i-1988, Ashworth, Fugiseth &amp; Maliscke (NDSU, 1), window/pitfall trap,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="AD6820F1E4B509D30561E74D2DF9CA99" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FB425772360E93C2CC991445B32C00E3" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1230 m el., 11-i-1988, Ashworth, Fugiseth &amp; Maliscke (NDSU, 1), standard pitfall trap,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F5427F09C870B40EC78506BD3BFB38E9" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="29BC7F1DB81349F6AD8B186CBD3B9E3D" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1230 m el., 15-i-1988, Ashworth, Fugiseth &amp; Maliscke (NDSU, 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="96707F3E0D957FA92EC4A3C79A4AD49E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="EB72583B6477F17D1E673189E564CA0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4E9FBC4D9925343CC1804442219E233" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
The species epithet
<taxonomicName lsidName="minimucro" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minimucro">minimucro</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3FFE573FF0DB2A431FCF4FF54C905C5F" lsidName="minimucro" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minimucro">minimucro</taxonomicName>
describes the very small mucro on the apex of the male aedeagal median lobe, that character amply diagnosing this species. The name is to be treated as a noun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
All records for this species are clustered from 39°13'
<normalizedToken originalValue="S">S-</normalizedToken>
<subSubSection id="B466ADFE4ADCED292085746415472066" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="80B4CA1EA92C9F1C5F8817791F34AE41" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70AFF921203441E7E5564D9C6C826FF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
All records for this species are clustered from 39°13'
<normalizedToken id="128554DC661875026CDAB0A8C4472FB8" originalValue="S">S-</normalizedToken>
42°39'S (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E50245FAFBA894FDC1EB42AD8762CA48" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
), straddling the transition between the Northern and Southern Valdivian entomofaunal provinces (
<bibRefCitation author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="197 - 207" refId="B53" refString="O'Brien, CW, 1971. The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions. Entomological News 82: 197 - 207" title="The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions." volume="82" year="1971">
<normalizedToken originalValue="OBrien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="CFD05E1B7693B0CBC77D6561364C9E42" author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="197 - 207" refId="B53" refString="O'Brien, CW, 1971. The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions. Entomological News 82: 197 - 207" title="The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions." volume="82" year="1971">
<normalizedToken id="D3C5764EC505728866FE05544E878D50" originalValue="OBrien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
1971
</bibRefCitation>
). Collecting sites range from 23 m elevation on Isla
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FD4A99F7905809DB68498A823C8080C0" originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
to 1270 m elevation in the forest-tundra transition zone on
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="96D3E84A5862755C386B6A748818C983" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Casablanca (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.6.865" author="Ashworth, AC" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="865 - 895" refId="B1" refString="Ashworth, AC, Hoganson, JW, 1987. Coleoptera bioassociations along an elevational gradient in the Lake Region of southern Chile, and comments on the postglacial development of the fauna. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80: 865 - 895" title="Coleoptera bioassociations along an elevational gradient in the Lake Region of southern Chile, and comments on the postglacial development of the fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.6.865" volume="80" year="1987">Ashworth and Hoganson 1987</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2E76490958D66346370DABCCEFC51A15" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.6.865" author="Ashworth, AC" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="865 - 895" refId="B1" refString="Ashworth, AC, Hoganson, JW, 1987. Coleoptera bioassociations along an elevational gradient in the Lake Region of southern Chile, and comments on the postglacial development of the fauna. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80: 865 - 895" title="Coleoptera bioassociations along an elevational gradient in the Lake Region of southern Chile, and comments on the postglacial development of the fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.6.865" volume="80" year="1987">Ashworth and Hoganson 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Beetles have been found in Berlese siftate of mixed forest litter, leaf and log litter, and via pyrethrin fogging of old logs with or without moss. The species is broadly sympatric with the southern portion of the range of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. giraudyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="giraudyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. giraudyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A815ADD154BBC3D11C78DD79CED8D52D" lsidName="T. giraudyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="giraudyi">
<emphasis id="E2A719D4E7C9A45AA1048096C9905770" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. giraudyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, both
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. minimucro" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minimucro">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. minimucro</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3D7541E580857B6350BA22EEEFC4248F" lsidName="T. minimucro" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minimucro">
<emphasis id="93312CB7211E61D8828AD8BE52699BC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. minimucro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. giraudyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="giraudyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. giraudyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="568DBC1D4F58B9D60042C2A188DF6CD9" lsidName="T. giraudyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="giraudyi">
<emphasis id="1CDABB7332C7061DD91A717D7C11CEAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. giraudyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected during the same collecting events four different times, suggesting intense sympatry at both macro- and microsympatric scales. The four identical collecting series include:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="52E9626BF36108525DACE1632F5FDE29" originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
Prov., Bellavista, Lago Villarrica,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="12.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.209167">39°12.55'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="995465DCA4801A3FD0EB8C6AC4C68DB6" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="12.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.209167">39°12.55'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="08.14" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.135666">72°08.14'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="623CA7C0AEF7C6775E9FD86FEE4BE287" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="08.14" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.135666">72°08.14'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m el., 8-i-2006, Will (EMEC); Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol, Mirador Pilocura, Sendero,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.65" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.694168">39°41.65'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3FE863BB9E88923DA3DF601F2EE7F2C7" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.65" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.694168">39°41.65'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="298EDC820566FD015E6ACC7CEE3BFB36" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
, 715 m el., 12-i-2006, Will (EMEC); Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="106B885ABB9AE8226107986C95D411F6" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
Rosales,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B7DB647B9F25DC1B4F30E76B28329F95" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Osorno, SW slope c. km 11 to La Burbuja, low
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="2072D08D88D0FD94212DB1C52762DB87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
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w/bamboo &amp; shrub understory, lot 1065, pyr.-fogging old mossy logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-41.131668">41°07.9'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0C2E4BC1BB654B3AAFA296AAF49A07B0" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-41.131668">41°07.9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.53333">72°32'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="18DEAACB87E1889970BF2848519F23BF" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.53333">72°32'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1090 m el., 15-xii-2002, Newton and Thayer (FMNH); and Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F517E7B411C19F4D08E22A05CD8BFA6F" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
Rosales, Ensenada, 9.2 km NE on road to
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, Valdivian rainforest with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="039BA63AE557389FA896B728DBE5A467" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C7E797483D360574BF92C31770B0A179" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
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spp., lot 987, pyr.-fogging old logs,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="10.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.17">41°10.20'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="321A4FC4475E3676394FE9627E6F7676" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="10.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.17">41°10.20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="27.10" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.45167">72°27.10'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5EFB53AC0D905D3E34A1C5A67ACA6A8D" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="27.10" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.45167">72°27.10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 125 m el., 28-i-1997, Newton and Thayer (FMNH).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus minimucro</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="324164FC425504A78055FD7848476E58" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus minimucro" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimucro">
<emphasis id="72D875E71E2291292FC37418F43A43A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus minimucro</emphasis>
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has been collected alongside the leiodid
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Anaballetus chilensis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="4C7A01119C7B788AAC340B02A1F166CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Anaballetus chilensis</emphasis>
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two times (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" author="Newton, AF" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B49" refString="Newton, AF, Svec, Z, Fikacek, M, 2017. A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57: 121 - 140" title="A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" volume="57" year="2017">Newton et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EAE256D3B14A9EF727FD93B952A2850D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" author="Newton, AF" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B49" refString="Newton, AF, Svec, Z, Fikacek, M, 2017. A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57: 121 - 140" title="A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" volume="57" year="2017">Newton et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
; Chile:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="07DA3B8D0BEA407048CDF59A623E5148" originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
Prov., Bellavista, N shore Lago Villarrica, FMNH; and Chile: Valdivia Prov., La Union, 34 km WNW, FMNH).
</paragraph>
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@ -1,49 +1,49 @@
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Subfamily
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<mods:namePart>Steinmann, David B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:namePart id="A20F98A6D5DA2E8A69B73F1A6076E6EE">Steinmann, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7D86BD1222F22533278B9EE61438D45A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7F3AE13682E44BBD1164AAFE446F0B28">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>32</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="4510930E285B98AAEA508368E7570F8F">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2615-32-15</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159168993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2FF79DF1AF0F5DA69F29CB09B3DA0922" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FF79DF1AF0F5DA69F29CB09B3DA0922" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName LSID="2ff79df1-af0f-5da6-9f29-cb09b3da0922" authority="Shear, 1984" authorityName="Shear" authorityYear="1984" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus aquiliensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">Coloradesmus aquiliensis (Shear, 1984)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="21">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Coloradesmus aquiliensis male. 1 Collum, dorsal view 2 midbody ring, dorsal view 3 telson, dorsal view 4 right leg 7, posterior view 5 gonopods, ventral view 6 gonopods, posterior view. See text for explanation of labels." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326945" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Figs 1-6</figureCitation>
<treatment id="2FF79DF1AF0F5DA69F29CB09B3DA0922" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159168993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2FF79DF1AF0F5DA69F29CB09B3DA0922" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FF79DF1AF0F5DA69F29CB09B3DA0922" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" scope_class="Diplopoda" scope_family="Macrosternodesmidae" scope_order="Polydesmida">
<subSubSection id="3FCF1CE116799256C8A478CE26112342" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="921A72630E9C50549CA275333288F03F" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="1260244E6A27C3B834445613C1471FB1" LSID="2ff79df1-af0f-5da6-9f29-cb09b3da0922" authority="Shear, 1984" authorityName="Shear" authorityYear="1984" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus aquiliensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">Coloradesmus aquiliensis (Shear, 1984)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80985236A948753F9573A9FA7E288320" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="F83B6A3A1C90B9E220F9ADDDE763FF86" captionStart="Figures 16" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 1 - 6. Coloradesmus aquiliensis male. 1 Collum, dorsal view 2 midbody ring, dorsal view 3 telson, dorsal view 4 right leg 7, posterior view 5 gonopods, ventral view 6 gonopods, posterior view. See text for explanation of labels." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326945" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Figs 1-6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 710" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 10. Coloradesmus species males. 7 C. aquiliensis gonopods, anterior view 8 C. aquiliensis gonopods, lateral view 9 C. hopkinae collum, dorsal view 10 C. hopkinae midbody ring, dorsal view. See text for explanation of labels." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures7-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326946" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">7-8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="ECE5CAC38DF195C2FCCD69F7EFC052BD" captionStart="Figures 710" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 10. Coloradesmus species males. 7 C. aquiliensis gonopods, anterior view 8 C. aquiliensis gonopods, lateral view 9 C. hopkinae collum, dorsal view 10 C. hopkinae midbody ring, dorsal view. See text for explanation of labels." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures7-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326946" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">7-8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Speodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Speodesmus aquiliensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">Speodesmus aquiliensis</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="4363C2370C20FE7691E1B74BC7E69417" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="20DDA3D1C420F3C3CF16CC70613F1417" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="EB3297FED01C36874F8413D4BA4D7744" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Speodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Speodesmus aquiliensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">Speodesmus aquiliensis</taxonomicName>
Shear, 1984, p. 96.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Male holotype (American Museum of Natural History) from Fulford Cave, 21 mi SE of Eagle, Eagle Co.: Colorado, collected 6 July 1980 by J. R. Holsinger et al.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="8EAB6BB1CF26567396EFDB7EB116131C" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="types">
<paragraph id="A01D2747D035A9E8FD0DFECD530CA4CC" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7FE5F215347FA4913486F6A31A1DA94" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Male holotype (American Museum of Natural History) from Fulford Cave, 21 mi SE of Eagle, Eagle Co.: Colorado, collected 6 July 1980 by J. R. Holsinger et al.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="ACF38CF13B82DAD89ED1DE8347A9335D" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9B33FDFBF9755D25295E1C2EDFD7852F" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E5196D9E077C1574AF62EF3009AD309" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
A larger species of
<taxonomicName authority="Shear &amp; Steinmann, 2019" authorityName="Shear &amp; Steinmann" authorityYear="2019" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="76725A30BEE61E7FE215E96ED2227CC6" genus="Coloradesmus" lsidName="Coloradesmus" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DA0DCEF906FD50C1333649B6FB93EF08" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished by details of the gonopods; in
<taxonomicName authority="Shear &amp; Steinmann, 2019" authorityName="Shear &amp; Steinmann" authorityYear="2019" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus hopkinsae" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hopkinsae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus hopkinsae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1D7473A9C936B77A08364CC91CB9035" genus="Coloradesmus" lsidName="Coloradesmus hopkinsae" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hopkinsae">
<emphasis id="5D2717996960090C1D6358A90AEF109A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus hopkinsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the prefemoral process is much broader and has a laterodistal tooth.
<taxonomicName authority="Shear &amp; Steinmann, 2019" authorityName="Shear &amp; Steinmann" authorityYear="2019" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus manitou" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manitou">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus manitou</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C5A582B29671635D5FCB44348D8F2F21" genus="Coloradesmus" lsidName="Coloradesmus manitou" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="manitou">
<emphasis id="F0176F9F52F3C2876EF6E6B84E46CA55" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus manitou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. aquiliensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. aquiliensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97890F22679ECACE0DD6ED0732D46ED5" lsidName="C. aquiliensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis id="47D4CE497C6593F40986BD85436FCECB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. aquiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the endomerite, which in
<taxonomicName lsidName="manitou" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="manitou">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">manitou</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C4B7628E33B3A034BA92BE5E04C05F1F" lsidName="manitou" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="manitou">
<emphasis id="A860114E50C5908E23DA7F3FF5103AC7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">manitou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerges from the acropodite at nearly a right angle, then turns sharply distad.
<taxonomicName authority="Shear &amp; Steinmann, 2019" authorityName="Shear &amp; Steinmann" authorityYear="2019" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus beckleyi" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beckleyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus beckleyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F42FFACDF8A919FC6464D11461F6CED3" genus="Coloradesmus" lsidName="Coloradesmus beckleyi" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="beckleyi">
<emphasis id="8D70F28B03683FC112DEA274C0A8CD76" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus beckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. warneri" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. warneri</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EC39D860A8D51AB8C8FB2161CC5C2DB6" lsidName="C. warneri" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B266392AD695008318357C9B83DC0882" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are only half the length of the other three known species of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Corrections to original description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">With the characters of the genus. Lengths of a series of specimens from Fulford Cave, the type locality, varied from 4.5-6.2 mm, the longer specimens strongly extended. Setae on collum, metazonites and telson long, acute. In the description of the gonopods, the prefemoral process is erroneously described as bifid and the endomerite is shown in the drawings as attached to the prefemoral process, giving that impression.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326945" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="Figures 16" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="FFD79BC9086C579B608325769ABD53CB" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="85181B2F8DE5196EF3936EE5763583FA" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Corrections to original description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0955DA999FC71C5E9A0B7FC7F5751EDD" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">With the characters of the genus. Lengths of a series of specimens from Fulford Cave, the type locality, varied from 4.5-6.2 mm, the longer specimens strongly extended. Setae on collum, metazonites and telson long, acute. In the description of the gonopods, the prefemoral process is erroneously described as bifid and the endomerite is shown in the drawings as attached to the prefemoral process, giving that impression.</paragraph>
<caption id="8B2352BCC374BA5C93562B81853201F0" doi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures1-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326945" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="Figures 16" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="F8FE15B24D79D24F2A5F670F821A5773" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
Figures 1-6.
<taxonomicName authority="Shear &amp; Steinmann, 2019" authorityName="Shear &amp; Steinmann" authorityYear="2019" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus aquiliensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus aquiliensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4799ADA61B72AEF2E81681B9B095EF4E" genus="Coloradesmus" lsidName="Coloradesmus aquiliensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis id="D1206102D4FCA5615BF890F24A76186D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus aquiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FF7D6E5351669BCAE68B80A1F36345A1" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">1</emphasis>
Collum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="616EC1F787443E7F91F16B43B91E9D53" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">2</emphasis>
midbody ring, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="147ED3BC3313DBF47764973635C043A0" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">3</emphasis>
telson, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">4</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3EB65C38E9F83A25AFB3D482081BC36B" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">4</emphasis>
right leg 7, posterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">5</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F046995D3F49C6395FF72302DDD35C6F" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">5</emphasis>
gonopods, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">6</emphasis>
<emphasis id="113276E34058B10B68F5B0D814C88F3C" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">6</emphasis>
gonopods, posterior view. See text for explanation of labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures7-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326946" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="Figures 710" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<caption id="B15C2E7E55C1D7F0B624977C482C04AA" doi="10.3897/subtbiol.32.38161.figures7-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/326946" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="Figures 710" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="C29AF897AC5CC1B9D35EA71FA41274C8" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
Figures 7-10.
<taxonomicName authority="Shear &amp; Steinmann, 2019" authorityName="Shear &amp; Steinmann" authorityYear="2019" class="Diplopoda" family="Macrosternodesmidae" genus="Coloradesmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="33DC85413FBE37173A79A80A84462F68" genus="Coloradesmus" lsidName="Coloradesmus" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DD9E2635A34B51FE5DED144FA981EF7C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Coloradesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species males.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. aquiliensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. aquiliensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E5928466CDAB4516E4EFFEE98A3E8420" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0549CBEC2620642D2CA67FC7FCF6F0B" lsidName="C. aquiliensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis id="99CB13D2C73DA08204DFF41E864E07B6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. aquiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gonopods, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">8</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. aquiliensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. aquiliensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E24EDA2953C7F0AE32BBB292FE94C1D8" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">8</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3E3C22DE34F2CA50ADEF9665536B3848" lsidName="C. aquiliensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="aquiliensis">
<emphasis id="93CD122D2DF90CEB0527CAD240AAD1EE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. aquiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gonopods, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. hopkinae" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hopkinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. hopkinae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A3221ED9B2EA1ED338B7102757B78333" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9C83A1A1ACFB8C7ADB243EB9ADF4C52B" lsidName="C. hopkinae" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hopkinae">
<emphasis id="A166895B42121C1A356EF6581FEC21B4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. hopkinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">10</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. hopkinae" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hopkinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. hopkinae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="58303331BEE85709AB61A2D4DC13C21E" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">10</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="52ADFB21D8E0FBC4FC71B09B448D6BBF" lsidName="C. hopkinae" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="hopkinae">
<emphasis id="157E2E122D0C0AD09D5A69F16F969CC5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">C. hopkinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
midbody ring, dorsal view. See text for explanation of labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="9B83CFF79DBD1F8DA494ECD46E8E6BA5" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="records">
<paragraph id="88F5FBD4E12EB6075E2C5BF1235CD9B0" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03D27DF2926A3382A9808C3A320C9AB1" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
COLORADO: Eagle Co.: Fulford Cave, 10,000' asl, organic matter in packrat midden,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.483334">39°29'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C5071FFFA976CDE00094591419B2A75C" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.483334">39°29'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-106.55">106°33'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3D142D2A7AE2562EAB23863AB54DAF6E" degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-106.55">106°33'W</geoCoordinate>
, 22 June 1999, 7 males, 13 females (topotypes);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Devils">Devil's</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4DEA68621C390EEA2452773AEECE53C4" originalValue="Devils">Devil's</normalizedToken>
Den Cave, 11,500' (3506 m) asl, 35°F, under stones and logs in dark zone,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.5">39°30'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5EEC3CFE882F1D434934C12D67241666" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.5">39°30'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-106.61667">106°37'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="80BB987CBC0410E37DBD67E341CB8A2E" degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-106.61667">106°37'W</geoCoordinate>
, 25 August 1999, 18 males, 7 females, juveniles;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herbies">Herbie's</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C3F48604DEAD1A38B8D53F39D5EAF2F3" originalValue="Herbies">Herbie's</normalizedToken>
Deli Cave, 9200' asl, under rocks in dark zone,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="40.016666">40°01'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E3660123B7DDD8565723BC6BE7A434C5" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="40.016666">40°01'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-105.666664">105°40'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FCD0EAF46C409B0E163AE0BDDC85DB42" degrees="105" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-105.666664">105°40'W</geoCoordinate>
, 31 August 2003, mf; 15 August 2007, 2 males; Lime Creek Cave, 9200' (2804 m) asl,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="40.0">40°00'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2D4D685B95567266204A2947157E123C" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="40.0">40°00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-105.666664">105°40'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7725DEC67F4B169D06763833B6D2B7D6" degrees="105" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-105.666664">105°40'W</geoCoordinate>
, 5 September 2001, 2 males.
</paragraph>
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