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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Calliactis_tricolor" authority="Le Sueur, 1817" authorityName="Le Sueur" authorityYear="1817" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor (Le Sueur, 1817)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 9, Table 2
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinia tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Actinia tricolor</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Le Sueur, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="149 - 154" title="Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures." volume="1" year="1817">Le Sueur 1817</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="70A1F3294F9812328C38A961575E6F66" author="Le Sueur, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="149 - 154" title="Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures." volume="1" year="1817">Le Sueur 1817</bibRefCitation>
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: 171.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinia bicolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">Actinia bicolor</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Le Sueur, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="149 - 154" title="Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures." volume="1" year="1817">Le Sueur 1817</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C5CA31EAC1648913B60F291D8CE3C9D" author="Le Sueur, CA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Academic of Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="149 - 154" title="Observations on several species of the genus Actinia; illustrated by figures." volume="1" year="1817">Le Sueur 1817</bibRefCitation>
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: 171.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Sagartiidae" genus="Cereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cereus bicolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">Cereus bicolor</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="17793409AD379FFFA9E505E653F0E472" class="Anthozoa" family="Sagartiidae" genus="Cereus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cereus bicolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">Cereus bicolor</taxonomicName>
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||||
:
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="Milne-Edwards, H" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" title="Historie Naturelle des Coralliaries ou Polypes Proprement Dits" year="1857">Milne-Edwards 1857</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2EEBF960A0DB89F11893023A80794482" author="Milne-Edwards, H" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" title="Historie Naturelle des Coralliaries ou Polypes Proprement Dits" year="1857">Milne-Edwards 1857</bibRefCitation>
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||||
: 273.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Adamsia tricolor</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="E25FE5999797AF6520416EA8A94238E5" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Adamsia tricolor</taxonomicName>
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||||
:
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="Milne-Edwards, H" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" title="Historie Naturelle des Coralliaries ou Polypes Proprement Dits" year="1857">Milne-Edwards 1857</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="030ED46927AAE766AABC98A5082D0EB0" author="Milne-Edwards, H" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" title="Historie Naturelle des Coralliaries ou Polypes Proprement Dits" year="1857">Milne-Edwards 1857</bibRefCitation>
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||||
: 281.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia (Egletes)" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Egletes">Adamsia Egletes</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="39802C64A29B81835B07ACB9645ABFDB" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="407F87A50664AC17F03A4E0207703F7F" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia (Egletes)" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Egletes">Adamsia Egletes</taxonomicName>
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||||
[sic]
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="16E9F8792EF98BEC7FCBCEF1090C957A" author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
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||||
: 40.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia egletes" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="egletes">Adamsia egletes</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="F84BF2FD9E103490AADD473524DF3DB0" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="EC290E8910EAA1C00CC427ECA94F16DF" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia egletes" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="egletes">Adamsia egletes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Memorie Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="97 - 206" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." volume="8" year="1866">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1866</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="01053BF049021EE197C58B308382EE07" author="Duchassaing, P" journalOrPublisher="Memorie Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="97 - 206" title="Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles." volume="8" year="1866">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1866</bibRefCitation>
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||||
: 134.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis bicolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">Calliactis bicolor</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="880C4D99ACB8C998D4FDBBF8ADE8F365" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="E683EE60A4F01C6B3C8CB345862AA606" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis bicolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">Calliactis bicolor</taxonomicName>
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||||
:
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="377 - 558" title="Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America." volume="1" year="1869">Verrill 1869</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D1E2645CDCA4AE7F1AE387AFCF9C02E4" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="377 - 558" title="Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America." volume="1" year="1869">Verrill 1869</bibRefCitation>
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: 481.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia sol" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sol">Adamsia sol</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="McMurrich, JP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="119 - 216" title="Report on the Actiniae collected by the United States Commision Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887 - 1888." url="10.5479/si.00963801.16-930.119" volume="16" year="1893">McMurrich 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0BA4BC68C7649561B8530C3D671804A4" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F1CE3B8D13D415EEB7CC1B92ED53C0E2" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia sol" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sol">Adamsia sol</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="79203338EF1A9141E1CC4C75ECA7B00A" author="McMurrich, JP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="119 - 216" title="Report on the Actiniae collected by the United States Commision Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887 - 1888." url="10.5479/si.00963801.16-930.119" volume="16" year="1893">McMurrich 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 183.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia bicolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">Adamsia bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="660B95473E3DDAC3D0870CA23F48ECD6" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D94BE4EE3278644932415EF8BAF9784B" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia bicolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bicolor">Adamsia bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Andres, A" journalOrPublisher="Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" title="Le Attinie." year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="853C6163DD88ED4096DEB9F8672ECF5D" author="Andres, A" journalOrPublisher="Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" title="Le Attinie." year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 179.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Adamsia tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Andres, A" journalOrPublisher="Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" title="Le Attinie." year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="20E48771AAEAA1F9FDA1C396C2A05F1C" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EDAF46CCE305D7FE9826E763DD5EA476" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Adamsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adamsia tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Adamsia tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="64DE884A9D57D486778904034C450493" author="Andres, A" journalOrPublisher="Coi Tipi der Salviucci, Roma" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" title="Le Attinie." year="1883">Andres 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 180.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61ACE1E1C68B49EE18C6AD003AFDAABB" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D2895811F857958054DBDEB2156F8DD" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Haddon, AC" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="393 - 520" title="The Actiniaria of Torres Straits." volume="6" year="1898">Haddon 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="90BE37C65A68254EFCC43BD4E12A579B" author="Haddon, AC" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="393 - 520" title="The Actiniaria of Torres Straits." volume="6" year="1898">Haddon 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 457.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="14799B72BA86C2845D04C21251AC72FA" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4DFADEC7DC4C93A6BD49F7657D263095" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="451BB7AB8A1F9D42F191C8681639EC76" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
Alacranes reef (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.526388">22°31'35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0346A263CE5885FEBD18073B1DDEE731" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.526388">22°31'35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-89.76806">89°46'05"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9E60F827627D4685289FD29F094A90A8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-89.76806">89°46'05"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; eight specimens), Serpientes reef (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="21.439444">21°26'22"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="36DB66449BDE3A5138753CB3C5E3FE5A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="21.439444">21°26'22"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-90.47361">90°28'25"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="00F906C84CE161655E3A4AB2B62B31EC" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-90.47361">90°28'25"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; five specimens).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B1C9340ECA38CEA1BE996C00EC35677A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="12" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="510503363B346DF5EFED8AF0282FF9D5" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8EE235C3B8B74C893357750D51EEC9B9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="12" pageNumber="89">
|
||||
Fully expanded oral disc and tentacles 9-48 mm in diameter. Oral disc smooth, wider than column, 3-20 mm in diameter, pale-brown translucent, with small white stripes in endocoelic spaces, sometimes forming a white ring; some specimens also with pink flashes (Figure 9A). Mouth bright yellow, orange, or white; often with purple ring around lips (Figure 9A). Tentacles hexamerously arranged in 5-6 cycles (96-192 in number), smooth, thin, short (2.5-15.5 mm), inner ones longer than outer ones, contractile (Figure 9A, B), tapering distally, pale-brown with a longitudinal row of white dots along entire length (Figure 9A, B); some specimens also with bright-pink flashes mainly at tips. Column trumpet-shaped in extended position, dome-shaped when contracted, 5-24.5 mm in diameter and 4-31 mm in height, divided into narrow, smooth capitulum and wrinkled-texture scapus (Figure 9B). Capitulum pale-brown to yellowish, scapus bright to dark orange often with small white stripes or white flashes slightly above limbus (Figure 9B). Pedal disc well-developed, circular to irregular, wider than column, 6-36 mm in diameter, with mesenterial insertions visible, pale-brown and translucent (Figure 9C). One or two rows of cinclides proximally, near limbus; dark-red
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="90" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="C7D05340227DE664F1D8B5DB42E8CD18" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
brown (Figure 9B). Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles; same number of mesenteries proximally and distally (to 48 pairs in specimens examined): first cycle perfect, others imperfect; third and fourth cycles poorly developed, without filaments
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="91" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="CEC5732866F90AE73298D10FE617962D" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
acontia. Gametogenic tissue not observed in specimens examined. Two pairs of directives each attached to a well-developed siphonoglyph (Figure 9E). Retractor muscles weak and diffuse; parietobasilar muscles poorly developed (Figure 9E, F). Basilar muscles poorly developed (Figure 9H). Marginal sphincter muscle mesogleal, strong, transversally stratified (Figure 9G). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Acontia numerous, bright orange (Figure 9C), with basitrichs. Zooxanthellae present. Cnidom: basitrichs, microbasic p-mastigophores, and spirocysts (Figure 9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–Q">J-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C3F0495E4D9D5A388D0F3464411B19AF" originalValue="J–Q">J-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||||
; see Table 2).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<caption id="638493B5F3CDE54F53E23B9C1CD098ED" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0B9D747B804172534960FF1DC811EC09" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Figure 9.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="631891DA96A6CFD114804493FB409285" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A Oral view B Lateral view C Pedal disc view D Specimens on hermit crab shell E Detail of directives showing a siphonoglyph F Cross section through proximal column G Longitudinal section through margin showing the marginal sphincter muscle H Longitudinal section through base showing basilar muscles I Cross section through tentacle
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–Q">J-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3D8EF367AF629614CF79C713D4097AF3" originalValue="J–Q">J-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Cnidae.- acontio: J basitrich; actinopharynx: K basitrich L microbasic p-mastigophore; column: M small basitrich; filament: N basitrich O microbasic p-mastigophore; tentacle: P basitrich Q spirocysts. Abbreviations.- ac: acontia, bm: basilar muscle, c: column, ca: capitulum, ci: cinclides, e: epidermis, g: gastrodermis, lm: longitudinal muscle, m: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscle, sc: scapus, sp: sphincter, t: tentacle. Scale bars:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="08D4214F65714750F237B9ED4D608108" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 10 mm;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–I">E-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FB9ABFE33E722D7F8EB1FA25E13A4950" originalValue="E–I">E-I</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="94AAF002303AE438F0B4A3ECA9C10E11" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–Q">J-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5FD487A98483778133C7DDACAF661DAE" originalValue="J–Q">J-Q</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 25
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8DFB9CBF481C0DD096EAB4563F856A8C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="91" type="natural history">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="39DD1E4081AF138C6C17436E9D5C9AE7" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" type="natural history">
|
||||
<paragraph id="12CE164482BE9609C82F51F1FDA8A0F6" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D98DCC917626DE70471013ED20C17F0C" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E4028AAA4A619C91207C04C8CB333BFD" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
typically dwells on the shells of living hermit crabs often carrying more than one individual (Figure 9D), between 10-30 m. This peculiar symbiotic relationship has been widely studied (reviewed in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gusmao, LC" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="868 - 877" title="Evolution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae) symbiotic with hermit crabs." volume="56" year="2010">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gusmão">Gusmao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="948D237DEF3A5DF39C17D9DB8E798297" author="Gusmao, LC" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="868 - 877" title="Evolution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae) symbiotic with hermit crabs." volume="56" year="2010">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="56CBA48EEE02AE62FA1B3540D5E2689B" originalValue="Gusmão">Gusmao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Daly 2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="31F094C8A1E5EAFAC0117A295D762FAE" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C9E7145EBB1879202CF888636D5CC3C3" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="337F2632640B1F44DBC0BC426813C538" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Western Atlantic, from the northern coast of USA to the northern coast of Brazil, along the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="143 - 172" title="Actiniaria, Zoantharia and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico." year="1952">Carlgren and Hedgpeth 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8614983AD772390BB30888373506601E" author="Carlgren, O" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, University of Texas" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="143 - 172" title="Actiniaria, Zoantharia and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico." year="1952">Carlgren and Hedgpeth 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Zamponi, MO" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="19" pageNumber="96" pagination="31 - 45" title="Distribution and some ecological aspects of Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria from shallow waters of the South American Atlantic coasts." volume="55" year="1998">Zamponi et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9A0D8130136EA6582888C86FDD6CD097" author="Zamponi, MO" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="19" pageNumber="96" pagination="31 - 45" title="Distribution and some ecological aspects of Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria from shallow waters of the South American Atlantic coasts." volume="55" year="1998">Zamponi et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This is the first record for the coast of Mexico; found in Serpientes and Alacranes reefs.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="91" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="68489F16216713D163B57828510464C4" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D37B29B58EBB98496A2AA5C10442353" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F4BAB451426E3C90820942C200FC6397" pageId="14" pageNumber="91">
|
||||
Of the 18 valid species currently considered as valid of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calliactis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="33A300B3FF0DA0F3598E2C1CF26FE439" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Calliactis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, only two have been reported in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fautin, DG" journalOrPublisher="Texas University Press, College Station, Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Hexacorallians of the World." url="http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D3F2D8035A3E785F7D3808E495DB2D7B" author="Fautin, DG" journalOrPublisher="Texas University Press, College Station, Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Hexacorallians of the World." url="http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
):
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis polypus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polypus">Calliactis polypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38C9CEFBEA75BB2ABD189B43F07C4C12" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis polypus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polypus">Calliactis polypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="63FAB958FD52EED9E6DAEED7100BDD81" originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1775) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7F0E0D51E5BCF84C1C28615E8BFA3190" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. These two species differ in the color of the cinclides, white in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis polypus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polypus">Calliactis polypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3FC277128F44C97C476222FEEA594762" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis polypus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polypus">Calliactis polypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and dark-red in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D9101DCB62E2B85235FE6D84024B0168" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gusmao, LC" journalOrPublisher="Dissertation The Ohio State University" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" title="Systematics and evolution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae) symbiotic with hermit crabs." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.001" year="2010">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gusmão">Gusmao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="530B968E6386018BA7F33B33C9057D1C" author="Gusmao, LC" journalOrPublisher="Dissertation The Ohio State University" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" title="Systematics and evolution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae) symbiotic with hermit crabs." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.001" year="2010">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8558B8F77BC7B2BDFD1F145F11838F6A" originalValue="Gusmão">Gusmao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In addition,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="352611C431A8E35677A342CF0E817A4A" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis tricolor" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tricolor">Calliactis tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distributed almost exclusively in the western Atlantic whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis polypus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polypus">Calliactis polypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E15651D7CE9E63BEF3BDAC9331353A63" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Calliactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calliactis polypus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polypus">Calliactis polypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a wide distribution range, being found in the Red Sea, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Australia, South Africa, East Africa, Maldives, Cape Verde Islands, Japan, Galapagos, and Louisiana (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gusmao, LC" journalOrPublisher="Dissertation The Ohio State University" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" title="Systematics and evolution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae) symbiotic with hermit crabs." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.001" year="2010">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gusmão">Gusmao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="49F4DDAD31F3BC1FB65429736E3E1361" author="Gusmao, LC" journalOrPublisher="Dissertation The Ohio State University" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" title="Systematics and evolution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae) symbiotic with hermit crabs." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.001" year="2010">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4AF6256704FFDFCCA4E6F34B09DF92A1" originalValue="Gusmão">Gusmao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fautin, DG" journalOrPublisher="Texas University Press, College Station, Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Hexacorallians of the World." url="http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="174C0BFD15AAD6BBAE28A9BAD2FEC33E" author="Fautin, DG" journalOrPublisher="Texas University Press, College Station, Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Hexacorallians of the World." url="http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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