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<mods:title>Sky islands of the Cameroon Volcanic Line support the westernmost clade of five new Typoderus weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)</mods:title>
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4.2.3.
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/60B40925-24E1-4C43-B72F-1333F2E1B3AE" authority="Grebennikov, 2021" authorityName="Grebennikov" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Typoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typoderus canthus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canthus" status="sp. nov.">Typoderus canthus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of the genus Typoderus. Map designed using the online SimpleMappr tool (Shorthouse 2010)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533979" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neighbour Joining clustering of 20 DNA barcodes of Cameroonian Typoderus (analysis A 1). Terminal names consist of BOLD sample ID (its last four digits correspond to specimen number), litter sifting sample number (Table 1), length of the DNA barcode (number of ambiguous nucleotides is in square brackets), BIN three-letter four-digit number and GenBank accession number. Names next to clusters are those of the new species described in section 4.2. HT denote holotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533980" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram of Typoderus weevils rooted on Lupangus (analysis A 3, root is not shown). Cameroonian species form a clade. Digits at internodes are bootstrap values of 50 % and above. Non-Cameroonian (= Tanzanian) terminals are collapsed in species. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3) and sifting sample number (Table 1). Habitus images are to scale; their numbers indicate exact Cameroonian specimens imaged. Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533981" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum clade credibility Cameroonian Typoderus tree with median ages derived from the BEAST analysis A 4. The 95 % credibility interval for each node is given with a horizontal bar. Digits at nodes are million years before present. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3), GenBank accession number and sifting sample number (Table 1). Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533982" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male holotype of T. canthus sp. nov., habitus (A: dorsal, B: left lateral, C: ventral, D: left fronto-lateral), aedeagus (E: dorsal, F: ventral, G: right lateral) and H: sternite 9." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533984" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 6A-H.</figureCitation>
<taxonomicName id="5A7B9F6B22C6ED6C3F48E9B3FE1D3733" LSID="http://zoobank.org/60B40925-24E1-4C43-B72F-1333F2E1B3AE" authority="Grebennikov, 2021" authorityName="Grebennikov" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Typoderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typoderus canthus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canthus" status="sp. nov.">Typoderus canthus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6D25952F4ADDAB744E3BF31D2601CE22" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="81C9349A956837B696CF8D5AB3CBA3D1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of the genus Typoderus. Map designed using the online SimpleMappr tool (Shorthouse 2010)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533979" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C81426D29108CF153048BE36F28B259E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neighbour Joining clustering of 20 DNA barcodes of Cameroonian Typoderus (analysis A 1). Terminal names consist of BOLD sample ID (its last four digits correspond to specimen number), litter sifting sample number (Table 1), length of the DNA barcode (number of ambiguous nucleotides is in square brackets), BIN three-letter four-digit number and GenBank accession number. Names next to clusters are those of the new species described in section 4.2. HT denote holotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533980" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FF8F6F7215511132E8B9328398BC59E0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram of Typoderus weevils rooted on Lupangus (analysis A 3, root is not shown). Cameroonian species form a clade. Digits at internodes are bootstrap values of 50 % and above. Non-Cameroonian (= Tanzanian) terminals are collapsed in species. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3) and sifting sample number (Table 1). Habitus images are to scale; their numbers indicate exact Cameroonian specimens imaged. Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533981" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4F3E38D07C212ED44552BBB617F6EE14" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum clade credibility Cameroonian Typoderus tree with median ages derived from the BEAST analysis A 4. The 95 % credibility interval for each node is given with a horizontal bar. Digits at nodes are million years before present. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3), GenBank accession number and sifting sample number (Table 1). Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533982" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2AED8348B0E6C1CAF5EF2E047BB08C07" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male holotype of T. canthus sp. nov., habitus (A: dorsal, B: left lateral, C: ventral, D: left fronto-lateral), aedeagus (E: dorsal, F: ventral, G: right lateral) and H: sternite 9." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533984" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">, 6A-H.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Species diagnosis and description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="88CD2E5C05E0477C62AB4BD82E7A2852" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="B999E14573C114974065DA3FF5C0F3AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Species diagnosis and description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74DFC69E5932504D0C590C3AB93594BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Holotype male (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male holotype of T. canthus sp. nov., habitus (A: dorsal, B: left lateral, C: ventral, D: left fronto-lateral), aedeagus (E: dorsal, F: ventral, G: right lateral) and H: sternite 9." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533984" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">6A-H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="922E05392931060E6A488D07587E9451" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male holotype of T. canthus sp. nov., habitus (A: dorsal, B: left lateral, C: ventral, D: left fronto-lateral), aedeagus (E: dorsal, F: ventral, G: right lateral) and H: sternite 9." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533984" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">6A-H</figureCitation>
), length between anterior edge of pronotum and elytral apex 5.1 mm; DNA barcode: MH917899. Diagnostic combination of morphological characters as in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Character matrix with discrete morphological characters for diagnostics of new Cameroonian Typoderus weevils (see also Discussion). - Characters: 1. - Body, colour of darkest specimens (Fig. 3, that is of a beetle at least a few days old, because specimens freshly emerged from the pupa are much paler): greyish: 0; brownish: 1; blackish: 2. 2. - Elytra at middle in cross-section: triangular (Figs 5 A-H, 6 A-H); elytral disk flat, ridge in interstriae 6 - 7 forming elytral lateral contour in dorsal view: 0; cylindrical (Figs 7 A-H, 8 A-H, 9 A-H); elytral disk evenly rounded laterally, ridge in interstriae 6 - 7 positioned inside lateral contour in dorsal view: 1. 3. - Hind tibiae, additional apical projection near inner apical spur (in at least some males): absent (Figs 7 B, 8 B, 9 B): 0; present (Figs 5 B, 6 B): 1. 4. - Pilosity on elytral declivity (excluding that on elytral protuberances), whether similar to that on the rest of elytra; similar: 0; dissimilar, notably denser and longer (Fig. 9 A, except abraded specimens): 1. 5. - Ratio of length to width of sclerotized part of aedeagus, dorsal view: one (aedeagus subquadrate as in Figs 5 E, 6 E, 9 E or notably unsclerotized, as in Fig. 8 E): 1; two (aedeagus elongate, Fig. 7 E): 2. 6. - Numerous (about 10) &quot; teeth &quot; inside internal sac of aedeagus: absent (Figs 5 E-F, 6 E-F, 8 E-F, 9 E-F): 0; present (Figs 7 E-F): 1. 7. - Tegminal apodeme: absent (Figs 6 F, 8 F) or indistinguishably short (Figs 5 F, 9 F): 0; present, consisting of two rods (Fig. 7 F): 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9CBF17CBDB7A16608D6711C763B03F8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="9CBF17CBDB7A16608D6711C763B03F8C">4</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="77365E5EB84AA4BDA3C093D0E6B87248" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Character matrix with discrete morphological characters for diagnostics of new Cameroonian Typoderus weevils (see also Discussion). - Characters: 1. - Body, colour of darkest specimens (Fig. 3, that is of a beetle at least a few days old, because specimens freshly emerged from the pupa are much paler): greyish: 0; brownish: 1; blackish: 2. 2. - Elytra at middle in cross-section: triangular (Figs 5 A-H, 6 A-H); elytral disk flat, ridge in interstriae 6 - 7 forming elytral lateral contour in dorsal view: 0; cylindrical (Figs 7 A-H, 8 A-H, 9 A-H); elytral disk evenly rounded laterally, ridge in interstriae 6 - 7 positioned inside lateral contour in dorsal view: 1. 3. - Hind tibiae, additional apical projection near inner apical spur (in at least some males): absent (Figs 7 B, 8 B, 9 B): 0; present (Figs 5 B, 6 B): 1. 4. - Pilosity on elytral declivity (excluding that on elytral protuberances), whether similar to that on the rest of elytra; similar: 0; dissimilar, notably denser and longer (Fig. 9 A, except abraded specimens): 1. 5. - Ratio of length to width of sclerotized part of aedeagus, dorsal view: one (aedeagus subquadrate as in Figs 5 E, 6 E, 9 E or notably unsclerotized, as in Fig. 8 E): 1; two (aedeagus elongate, Fig. 7 E): 2. 6. - Numerous (about 10) &quot; teeth &quot; inside internal sac of aedeagus: absent (Figs 5 E-F, 6 E-F, 8 E-F, 9 E-F): 0; present (Figs 7 E-F): 1. 7. - Tegminal apodeme: absent (Figs 6 F, 8 F) or indistinguishably short (Figs 5 F, 9 F): 0; present, consisting of two rods (Fig. 7 F): 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9CBF17CBDB7A16608D6711C763B03F8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="9CBF17CBDB7A16608D6711C763B03F8C">4</tableCitation>
. Sister clade to
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. telamon" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telamon">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">T. telamon</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56A5274A518F5675D33F5AC0D9B125E7" lsidName="T. telamon" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="telamon">
<emphasis id="7A1E5FF1021652C1F287956320F1AD91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">T. telamon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="99F43FE2F32ABB796DBA7385ED541DE1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram of Typoderus weevils rooted on Lupangus (analysis A 3, root is not shown). Cameroonian species form a clade. Digits at internodes are bootstrap values of 50 % and above. Non-Cameroonian (= Tanzanian) terminals are collapsed in species. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3) and sifting sample number (Table 1). Habitus images are to scale; their numbers indicate exact Cameroonian specimens imaged. Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533981" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="33B9071B3673354BA942D79673AB31CA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram of Typoderus weevils rooted on Lupangus (analysis A 3, root is not shown). Cameroonian species form a clade. Digits at internodes are bootstrap values of 50 % and above. Non-Cameroonian (= Tanzanian) terminals are collapsed in species. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3) and sifting sample number (Table 1). Habitus images are to scale; their numbers indicate exact Cameroonian specimens imaged. Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533981" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080451301" collectingDate="2014-11-26" country="CAMEROON" elevation="2090" latitude="6.2337" location="Mt. Oku" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.498" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
male (CNC): &quot;
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
<subSubSection id="251728BCD6669E97D533F4FC5991000A" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3CCE9E760B9F1E7FD34B44EB6779A095" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48582847193D42F9FE3F26B91520D94C" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="E9B6148311B353A37852EAC44D29C4E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080451301" collectingDate="2014-11-26" country="CAMEROON" elevation="2090" latitude="6.2337" location="Mt. Oku" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.498" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus id="79FD8841F8C0785EF099DA30A795CFC0">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (CNC): &quot;
<collectingCountry id="41C6FE061D78DBA8D9B75811C6A973C8" name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:070C8F7EE1DB5059B9E72E7AFD444A8C:47B14BFFF04E7AF9BA611571A9E27AFC" country="CAMEROON" latitude="6.2337" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.498" name="Mt. Oku">Mt. Oku</location>
<location id="47B14BFFF04E7AF9BA611571A9E27AFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:070C8F7EE1DB5059B9E72E7AFD444A8C:47B14BFFF04E7AF9BA611571A9E27AFC" country="CAMEROON" latitude="6.2337" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.498" name="Mt. Oku">Mt. Oku</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.2337" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.2337">6.2337</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.4980" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.498">10.4980</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0BAE9590372DAE1A149107AC4947F2AB" degrees="6.2337" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.2337">6.2337</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D34CAC5D19444C28050B8CB30B9BB295" degrees="10.4980" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.498">10.4980</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">2090m</elevation>
<quantity id="D7A54C23F55141AF2682A36F85035580" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">
<elevation id="D10DD76E0C53D3F40D8B7B481A785F52" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">2090m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2014-11-26">26.xi.2014</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="5E6736188A2E7853CF608FF583043323" value="2014-11-26">26.xi.2014</collectingDate>
, sift36, local collector&quot;,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“CNCCOLVG00008376”">&quot;CNCCOLVG00008376&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="98ACACD80ACD57F96688D4DEEEA5E7B9" originalValue="“CNCCOLVG00008376”">&quot;CNCCOLVG00008376&quot;</normalizedToken>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080451305" collectingDate="2014-11-23" country="CAMEROON" elevation="2273" latitude="6.2216" location="Mt. Oku" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.5063" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
<materialsCitation id="01D17C32C0AFD3A6F5A9D368FDEC9A8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080451305" collectingDate="2014-11-23" country="CAMEROON" elevation="2273" latitude="6.2216" location="Mt. Oku" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.5063" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<typeStatus id="2DBA9CE294EA3283634E7212F59CF91E">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(CNC): 1, as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram of Typoderus weevils rooted on Lupangus (analysis A 3, root is not shown). Cameroonian species form a clade. Digits at internodes are bootstrap values of 50 % and above. Non-Cameroonian (= Tanzanian) terminals are collapsed in species. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3) and sifting sample number (Table 1). Habitus images are to scale; their numbers indicate exact Cameroonian specimens imaged. Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533981" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">3</figureCitation>
; specimen 8343: &quot;
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
<figureCitation id="625D5D5A81F7ECB2170F714F3053FFFF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum Likelihood inference phylogram of Typoderus weevils rooted on Lupangus (analysis A 3, root is not shown). Cameroonian species form a clade. Digits at internodes are bootstrap values of 50 % and above. Non-Cameroonian (= Tanzanian) terminals are collapsed in species. Terminal names consist of specimen number (Table 3) and sifting sample number (Table 1). Habitus images are to scale; their numbers indicate exact Cameroonian specimens imaged. Names next to clades are those of the new species described in section 4.2." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e66021.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533981" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">3</figureCitation>
; specimen 8343: &quot;
<collectingCountry id="E6E1E0F2E314E47CD57DFAD5F4DD441B" name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:070C8F7EE1DB5059B9E72E7AFD444A8C:82FC2D79BB49D0A8F4DDDAA630376A90" country="CAMEROON" latitude="6.2216" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.5063" name="Mt. Oku">Mt. Oku</location>
<location id="82FC2D79BB49D0A8F4DDDAA630376A90" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:070C8F7EE1DB5059B9E72E7AFD444A8C:82FC2D79BB49D0A8F4DDDAA630376A90" country="CAMEROON" latitude="6.2216" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.5063" name="Mt. Oku">Mt. Oku</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.2216" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.2216">6.2216</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.5063" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.5063">10.5063</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="52142C016895CDE6C87FBA74C56BF882" degrees="6.2216" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.2216">6.2216</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E82BF3ED5A13D51684AEC290FBBF0AF5" degrees="10.5063" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.5063">10.5063</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.273" unit="m" value="2273.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.273" unit="m" value="2273.0">2273m</elevation>
<quantity id="A9C109148FE6DD2B51248F203BB7784A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.273" unit="m" value="2273.0">
<elevation id="EE7D8B73C8AA6EAA3C7C5628E07F73BE" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.273" unit="m" value="2273.0">2273m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2014-11-23">23.xi.2014</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="C24301E7A834F843722AEC20987C8DBC" value="2014-11-23">23.xi.2014</collectingDate>
, sift34, local collector&quot;
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="FF7DADD0168CEF7BC127487299FA8784" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="42DAA05A257B2DF1C19D9E63888CC9AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A1540DA78D223D08B103C7FE16FA27A" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Known only from Mt. Oku in Cameroon, in sympatry with
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. amphion" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="amphion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">T. amphion</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="06187677E2F317CB747CB762CA2F38F2" lsidName="T. amphion" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="amphion">
<emphasis id="E81F91383F0BCF9D81DA2C4F5D98D876" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">T. amphion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="384AF066F132AF14FC46F7C5D6D782A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
Elevation: 2,090-2,273 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Canthus, from ancient Greek mythology, one of the Argonauts, killed by a shepherd in Libya; noun in apposition.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="7DE2663C267E52D9A46D8E5D6AEB7D66" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B55EEDD2180A1695CC3969C0573D5E54" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A5B9B9B970D72D07BB555C8192A1AFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Canthus, from ancient Greek mythology, one of the Argonauts, killed by a shepherd in Libya; noun in apposition.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,150 +1,150 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:072D1D9A34A33ED10F0A43255735D0F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/072D1D9A34A33ED10F0A43255735D0F0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_onobrychidis" authority="Cockerell, 1908" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile (Litomegachile) onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis" subGenus="Litomegachile">Megachile (Litomegachile) onobrychidis Cockerell, 1908</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="072D1D9A34A33ED10F0A43255735D0F0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:072D1D9A34A33ED10F0A43255735D0F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/072D1D9A34A33ED10F0A43255735D0F0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" scope_family="Megachilidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_tribe="Megachilini">
<subSubSection id="EE5A78DADD1ADA1353BF6999CA228F97" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D6CF95DFED1B2C93EC12A362B4017FC5" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="B5A362F35986BBA2C3668D3F65F90667" ID-CoL="8SFWK" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_onobrychidis" authority="Cockerell, 1908" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile (Litomegachile) onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis" subGenus="Litomegachile">Megachile (Litomegachile) onobrychidis Cockerell, 1908</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="75D63C85A1C9E42622A81B580EAC6554" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6464894839ED28BCE558BFB539E9DF1C" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="914EA84D42C1B14BDEA190EFF36002CE" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1908: 266 Holotype male, USA: New Mexico (CAS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="EBA850EC545E0696575FB985B45D657F" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EF7BB101B491CF67A95144B4A78CD105" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE3B53CCDB9CB1BE6F6631C889316E36" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
The male
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4832C4E8E52C1D53B18931FA46122EEF" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
is best distinguished from other species in this subgenus by the lack of a white tomentum on T6.The female
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0BE41C536277FC6FD0DADDE16E1D14FA" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3066E08E42A08814395D6F7ECFB532BF" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
, but with entirely black setae on S6 and apically on S5, and no pale appressed pubescence on T6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Female. Body length9-12 mm. Mandible 4-toothed with no angulation on surface between teeth 3 and 4 (Figure 4A). T2-3 with deep transverse basal groove, T4 with shallow groove. T1-5 with apical fringes of white hair that covers marginal zone; T1-2 with thin or medially interrupted fringes of white hair, and white discal pubescence; T3-5 with black discal pubescence. T6 convex basally and concave apically in profile, and concave laterally in dorsal view; with erect setae basally and black appressed pubescence. S1-4 with ivory setae; S5 with black setae apically, ivory setae basally; S6 with black setae (Figure 5E).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<paragraph id="3FA2EBCDC63DBC7D1E204DD7D0C282CE" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Female. Body length9-12 mm. Mandible 4-toothed with no angulation on surface between teeth 3 and 4 (Figure 4A). T2-3 with deep transverse basal groove, T4 with shallow groove. T1-5 with apical fringes of white hair that covers marginal zone; T1-2 with thin or medially interrupted fringes of white hair, and white discal pubescence; T3-5 with black discal pubescence. T6 convex basally and concave apically in profile, and concave laterally in dorsal view; with erect setae basally and black appressed pubescence. S1-4 with ivory setae; S5 with black setae apically, ivory setae basally; S6 with black setae (Figure 5E).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="059A413DB31F2AF5C4D0F7235A67F33C" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
Male. Body length7-9 mm. Mandible 3-toothed. Ocellocular distance equal to ocelloccipital distance (Figure 4D). T1-2 with white discal pubescence; T4-6 with white discal pubescence basally, black pubescence apically. Head and mesosoma with white pubescence (may appear yellow in early season specimens). T5 with complete fringe of white hair that covers marginal zone. T6 without tomentum, hairs sparse and discal surface clearly visible beneath (Figure 6H); transverse carina variable in shape, usually with indistinct medial notch and asymmetrical jagged projections; true apical margin with submedial teeth closer to lateral teeth than each other (Figure 6B). Genitalia and hidden sterna resemble those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D995FF5E3D4525F425C516936C7641D6" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
(Figures 7A1-A4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="variability">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="D647DC745A0984A4E580D2A8AD92861F" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="variability">
<paragraph id="A5E8DA03727B7AAAECA2A11B8D0B8633" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C7461C68A9F5414A234D2D65CB65336A" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
Male
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="70BE13832DE48EDF15071ECA7E9CEBDE" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
are separated from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="763A617643BE19A48204CB06E7195DBF" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
in part by the lack of a tomentum on T6. Some specimens have no tomentum while others have sparse tomentum type hairs, but as long as these hairs are sparse enough so that the tergal surface is still visible, they are
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D7162C720A31A2D422EA2288AA55297E" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Distribution of material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">USA: Arizona: Cochise County (Aug.); California: Calaveras, Colusa Contra Costa, Humboldt, Imperial, Lake, Lassen, Los Angeles, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Orange, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, Shasta, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tehama, Tuolumne, Tulare, Yolo and Yuba Counties (May-Oct.); Idaho: Canyon County (Aug.); Nevada: Churchill, Elko, Humboldt, Lyon and Washoe Counties (Jun.-Aug.); Oregon: Cassia and Jackson Counties (Jun.-Jul.); Utah: Cache and Wasatch Counties (Jun.-Aug.); MEXICO: Sinaloa, Sonora. 126 females, 193 males.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D8FEC8A32288471E24096341483E9FC3" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D4BDE725B74011691D095F09E03D3846" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Distribution of material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A08B71494D00CEF8A0362949B049E6F" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">USA: Arizona: Cochise County (Aug.); California: Calaveras, Colusa Contra Costa, Humboldt, Imperial, Lake, Lassen, Los Angeles, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Orange, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, Shasta, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tehama, Tuolumne, Tulare, Yolo and Yuba Counties (May-Oct.); Idaho: Canyon County (Aug.); Nevada: Churchill, Elko, Humboldt, Lyon and Washoe Counties (Jun.-Aug.); Oregon: Cassia and Jackson Counties (Jun.-Jul.); Utah: Cache and Wasatch Counties (Jun.-Aug.); MEXICO: Sinaloa, Sonora. 126 females, 193 males.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="flower records">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Flower records.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Asclepias speciosa" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">Asclepias speciosa</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="8F31A5AE49AB53B00B1B0A024E0070CF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="flower records">
<paragraph id="F1D9AA878270D630EF828FFD2D87106F" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Flower records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD8E4CD51751D98ED0F66469A2BA1CEE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="FD63CECD7FAE68F544AD17B39A167A79" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Asclepias speciosa" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">Asclepias speciosa</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Asclepiadaceae" lsidName="Asclepiadaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asclepiadaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0D772C15A0E23751E6BBE7A7DFC1FE92" genus="Asclepiadaceae" lsidName="Asclepiadaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asclepiadaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Calothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calothamnus" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calothamnus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9176D8472D45AE6B44E87AE35E8020AC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Calothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calothamnus" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calothamnus</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName genus="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Myrtaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65046A910863284B6DFE97D9566D4B9C" genus="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Myrtaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Clarkia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clarkia biloba" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biloba">Clarkia biloba</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8B29A35C656A8FF22A83E467E05AACE1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Clarkia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clarkia biloba" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biloba">Clarkia biloba</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Onagraceae" lsidName="Onagraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Onagraceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E1A5791494C0E66C23F2FB0652E69EBA" genus="Onagraceae" lsidName="Onagraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Onagraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Clarkia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clarkia dudleyana" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dudleyana">Clarkia dudleyana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9D4218F6B5DD69327F5F62835E4D0A11" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Clarkia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clarkia dudleyana" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dudleyana">Clarkia dudleyana</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Onagraceae" lsidName="Onagraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Onagraceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B4110905C24E56DDB093355BF3E85D40" genus="Onagraceae" lsidName="Onagraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Onagraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Clarkia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clarkia unguiculata" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unguiculata">Clarkia unguiculata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9AA4D7FBA6F08F388A9B859D4E5FF4A4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Clarkia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clarkia unguiculata" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unguiculata">Clarkia unguiculata</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Onagraceae" lsidName="Onagraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Onagraceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F9300865605D8B98D2CECA66AF941204" genus="Onagraceae" lsidName="Onagraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Onagraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dalea polydenia" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polydenia">Dalea polydenia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3DB423C44F906C93DB3EE3F4A93CBFD1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dalea polydenia" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polydenia">Dalea polydenia</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="300222C83BBB1A04E9AB834A05343D35" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Daucus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Daucus" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Daucus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="ECC8979EB650B2686FDE0263A280CFF8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Daucus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Daucus" order="Apiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Daucus</taxonomicName>
sp.(
<taxonomicName genus="Apiaceae" lsidName="Apiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EC8A474FD642C68C5A7CFA02DC071937" genus="Apiaceae" lsidName="Apiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grindelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Grindelia camporum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camporum">Grindelia camporum</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="46" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FB8D1F3C7F731E91FB4F22104E0149F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Grindelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Grindelia camporum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camporum">Grindelia camporum</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken id="47BBB3A2AB60053F53FF49920F0FD47D" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName id="E975B43967F656B4C647732FB21A778B" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lactuca pulchella" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">Lactuca pulchella</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8C5F03E881A4CF626E90634AA5D4C062" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lactuca pulchella" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">Lactuca pulchella</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1D1D60890D9B585FAE0F2CB7C6F660A5" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Mentzelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mentzelia" order="Cornales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mentzelia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A101C7C549454E10A94C88F83A32F505" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Mentzelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mentzelia" order="Cornales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mentzelia</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName genus="Loasaceae" lsidName="Loasaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Loasaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9CB705FC83F0FE21C025091CE2D619C7" genus="Loasaceae" lsidName="Loasaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Loasaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrophyllaceae" genus="Phacelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phacelia" order="Boraginales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phacelia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AED81C5007ABD9D344406C260B24EA1E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrophyllaceae" genus="Phacelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phacelia" order="Boraginales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phacelia</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName genus="Hydrophyllaceae" lsidName="Hydrophyllaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Hydrophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="437A6AB2365C19A2F2EFA80D135F475A" genus="Hydrophyllaceae" lsidName="Hydrophyllaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Hydrophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum aubertii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aubertii">Polygonum aubertii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="85B1CB114FFFCF3BF79072533C8B84E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum aubertii" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aubertii">Polygonum aubertii</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Polygonaceae" lsidName="Polygonaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F4040A969728A2C37B5B552AE3E1560C" genus="Polygonaceae" lsidName="Polygonaceae" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<bibRefCitation author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 44" title="A Revision of the Genus Megachile in the Nearctic Region Part 2: Morphology of the male sterna and genital armature and the taxonomy of the subgenera Litomegachile, Neomegachile and Cressoniella." volume="61" year="1935">Mitchell (1935)</bibRefCitation>
<subSubSection id="3CD86DF7C8ADB87B07A49E2FC3F91ACE" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" type="comments">
<paragraph id="47CA2DDA1B897BB03F93B3BE10A5E82B" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="910318543DF34C02B64F9DD1827EE991" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<bibRefCitation id="3B7DC47104AA4A01E69ECF7DA731F7F8" author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 44" title="A Revision of the Genus Megachile in the Nearctic Region Part 2: Morphology of the male sterna and genital armature and the taxonomy of the subgenera Litomegachile, Neomegachile and Cressoniella." volume="61" year="1935">Mitchell (1935)</bibRefCitation>
listed this species as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7F3C04D8C16DC01690FA7DF60B6D83DB" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
. It was elevated to species level by
<bibRefCitation author="Sheffield, CS" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" title="Leafcutter and Mason Bees of the Genus Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Canada and Alaska." url="10.3752/cjai.2011.18." volume="18" year="2011">Sheffield et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="587B868475B5E4CF0512123913982F08" author="Sheffield, CS" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" title="Leafcutter and Mason Bees of the Genus Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Canada and Alaska." url="10.3752/cjai.2011.18." volume="18" year="2011">Sheffield et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. It is a western North American species extending south to Sinaloa, Mexico. (Figure 13).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<caption id="9CCCC8895697F36C1BCE8236982AB33C" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
<paragraph id="DB30D9F456DFD7D2E6B79EA09AC2F29C" pageId="15" pageNumber="46">
Figure 13. Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AC208ABEAC60EAC359E0A242A8F14EFC" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile onobrychidis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onobrychidis">Megachile onobrychidis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>

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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:073E07D5EE02DE84FF5878CAB7D4DDE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/073E07D5EE02DE84FF5878CAB7D4DDE0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ilyphagus_bythincola" authority="Chamberlin, 1919" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola Chamberlin, 1919</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="073E07D5EE02DE84FF5878CAB7D4DDE0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:073E07D5EE02DE84FF5878CAB7D4DDE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/073E07D5EE02DE84FF5878CAB7D4DDE0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" scope_class="Polychaeta" scope_family="Flabelligeridae">
<subSubSection id="154B06992FBFB79F588FCDD6C0CD975F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DA55528EA7B06C1A6898142663134FA9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="AD858B8DF5DD0BC4F7E87525FAC6FE3C" ID-CoL="3PHFH" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ilyphagus_bythincola" authority="Chamberlin, 1919" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola Chamberlin, 1919</taxonomicName>
Figures 12
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="9AADBEC5D6350773C7A189F048B57A9F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="95E02BC3B4B4979FBF621926EB915144" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="68AB74644880B57E27FE66E74C1676CC" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919:402-403, pl. 69, Figs 4-9;
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="69 - 215" title="Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins of Southern California." volume="22" year="1960">Hartman 1960</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2407BA8A554FB29889B30D8C8C7DC51F" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="69 - 215" title="Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins of Southern California." volume="22" year="1960">Hartman 1960</bibRefCitation>
:131;
<bibRefCitation author="Levenstein, RY" journalOrPublisher="Okeanologiya" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="136 - 139" title="Novye dannye o mnogoshchetinkovykh chervyakh (Polychaeta) Yavanskoi vpadiny." volume="1" year="1961 b">Levenstein 1961b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EC8DA1435BFEB4BA9FEFD121C1B55FA8" author="Levenstein, RY" journalOrPublisher="Okeanologiya" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="136 - 139" title="Novye dannye o mnogoshchetinkovykh chervyakh (Polychaeta) Yavanskoi vpadiny." volume="1" year="1961 b">Levenstein 1961b</bibRefCitation>
:136;
<bibRefCitation author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 575" title="Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep waters off Western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean." volume="7" year="1972">Fauchald 1972</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BAB6B4B55B9720AC426E4CB150DD101A" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 575" title="Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep waters off Western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean." volume="7" year="1972">Fauchald 1972</bibRefCitation>
:224-225.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="EE11E01B208D60390BCBDC37ED819500" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="586E9ED717268096027E1013CD7AFF2C" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919:403-404;
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="69 - 215" title="Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins of Southern California." volume="22" year="1960">Hartman 1960</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A5F9D599D623660BC956371DE7917AEE" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="69 - 215" title="Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins of Southern California." volume="22" year="1960">Hartman 1960</bibRefCitation>
:131-132.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="474C8097D69392011C65CC4A51CB2228" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type material">
<paragraph id="4275A3DB0DDFB8599F61D4DF146EB433" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FEE2AA85F06A11C42707C4306BA5095" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Eastern Pacific Ocean. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E88DA2EA1810137FC2797A588A579192" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
(USNM 19748), one paratype (USNM 19384), off Mexico, R/V Albatross, Stat. 3415 (
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<geoCoordinate id="65212EBD20572A84296C1791A2C12368" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.766666">14°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-98.666664">98°40'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C8A4A752DDEA56C616D384095D6D5818" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-98.666664">98°40'W</geoCoordinate>
), 1879 fathoms (3438.6 m), 10 Apr. 1891 (paratype two fragments; may belong to the same organism, not measured). Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B28CDE313F3D99287692B0EEE394362A" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
(USNM 19735), off Hood Island, Galapagos Islands, 12 miles (19.3 km) SE Ripple Point, R/VAlbatross, Stat. 4649 (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.5833333">01°35'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9BA30F595C2177C7D731ED14235B5474" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.5833333">01°35'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-89.5">89°30'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="35D269CF8BE5645CD8223DFE72B500F7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-89.5">89°30'W</geoCoordinate>
), 633 fathoms (1158.4 m), 10 Nov. 1904.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<caption id="2B6CD6F850320062CDAE9E4AFDB9F0D0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="1D8F130B8E6015E9DE5C269212E37140" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C73C0BE3EF0ADAC10387411525F44A67" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919. A Holotype (USNM 19748) of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="13C36395610F5E28371852392E4794A2" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view B Same, ventral view C Same, anterior margin, chaetiger 1 D Same, close-up showing chaetal cage scars E Holotype (USNM 19735) of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D88AC56339366E70F63D92B03253493E" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view F Same, ventral view G Same, anterior end, dorsal view H Same, close-up showing chaetal scars and remaining chaetae. Bars.- A 5.9 mm B 5.6 mm C 1.5 mm D 0.8 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="05F199F959F35D4F8B1F41A95807162A" originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
6.8 mm G 3 mm H 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<caption id="1C8C46E2AE7D50EF59C79E0D8863547C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="82D1A738348BA5523BFA0DED08126964" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7CD31973A963F134B0CD6EB0C172B471" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919, non-type specimens. A Complete (USNM-49080), dorsal view B Head (SIORAS-unnumb.), frontal view (BS branchial scars, LL lateral lip, PS palp scar) C Same, chaetiger 5, ventral view, left neuropodium and gonopodial lobe D Same, chaetiger 10, right parapodium E Same, basal, medial and distal notochaetal regions F Same, median region and tips of neurochaetae. Bars.- A 4.9 mm B 2.3 mm C 0.6 mm D 0.7 mm E 70
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CE4D2350B951F41BE78A5C99C4BB3DB9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
F 30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A42CF39DE91D3220EFFC50118F703617" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="additional material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="29E086E78B47911755A21ACC0EE5CA09" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="additional material">
<paragraph id="086976AEABCB0BA73D75C9AD16AF6DD2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE460734152204597E78DF32113D0FD4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Eastern Pacific Ocean. One specimen (USNM 49080), off Mexico, R/V Albatross, Stat. 3415 (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.766666">14°46'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D8177F496AB7E8235EFA4F1214207772" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="14.766666">14°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-98.666664">98°40'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B374FA6D49281F8B6211CCFFBF2CAE94" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-98.666664">98°40'W</geoCoordinate>
), 1879 fathoms (3438.6 m), 10 Apr. 1891 complete, K. Fauchald, id. (24 mm long, 9 mm wide, cephalic cage +17 mm long, 22 chaetigers). Two complete specimens (SIORAS-unumb.), R/V Akademik Kurchatov, Stat. 294 (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.383333">08°23'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C5EECD7DD27E1A278276F7CCF275624B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.383333">08°23'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.0">81°00'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F25B4DF18A8A005D2B28465B547615FD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.0">81°00'W</geoCoordinate>
), off Nazca Ridge, 6200-6240 m, Sigsbee trawl, 31 Oct./1 Nov. 1968 (43-75 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, cephalic cage 0-13 mm long (broken), 22-23 chaetigers). Many specimens (SIORAS unnumbered), off Northern Peru, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, Stat. 301 (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-5.8616667">05°51.7'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F831B32CB6BC395F1AAF3B8C320E4D8D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-5.8616667">05°51.7'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-81.81333">81°48.8'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="3042E53DE7624E83DC3EF9E4EFC25A38" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-81.81333">81°48.8'W</geoCoordinate>
), 5300 m, 4 Nov. 1968 (best specimen 48 mm long, 19 mm wide, cephalic cage 21 mm long, 22 chaetigers).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="867F7ED5D591B9E6B7A383075CC8B9E2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="7511B820637DF7BC3E9DB4A02004F572" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0E2FB3CA639EDDCC55F404B013EDDF3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8D4DADE1BB7C63A28A154C9F2C79BDB9" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
(USNM-19748) damaged, ovoid, body wall broken by compression, depressed (Fig. 1A); 48 mm long, 26 mm wide, cephalic cage chaetae broken, 21 chaetigers. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D98DBC5A8B3A51D9C76DD53313511E75" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
(USNM 19735) with body digitate, ovoid, pointed anteriorly, rounded posteriorly (Fig. 1E); 55 mm long, 20 mm wide, cephalic cage 36 mm long (tips broken), 24 chaetigers. Body surface densely papillated, with fine sediment particles trapped between p
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">apillae</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="189C9EC081C96846104C484ACE94C3C5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">apillae</pageBreakToken>
(Figs 1B, F, 2A); posterior region with longer papillae; each papillae filiform, most with tips pale, some with black tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="91FE72584E2E548C3EEE270D568DBDAB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Cephalic cage chaetae broken; scars present in chaetiger 1, short dorsal transverse row with 8-10 chaetal scars per side (Fig. 1C, D); holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="107E53F619A5C763BC8B7566A7062FC6" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
with chaetae at least twice as long as body width, perhaps as long as body length (Fig. 1E). Chaetiger 1 (and perhaps 2) involved in the cephalic cage, dorsal; most cephalic cage chaetae broken from the base, 8 notochaetae; neurochaetae lateral, 7 per side, arranged in a short row, transverse (oblique in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="23EB687DED5F7525265F066423F9AA6B" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 1G, H).
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Non-type</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="7ABE40723B698EA99530F238D3FF328C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Non-type</pageBreakToken>
specimens with chaetae as long as body length (Fig. 2A). Anterior dorsal margin of first chaetiger papillated. Anterior chaetigers without larger papillae. Anterior end observed in a non-type specimen (SIORAS).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cephalic hood short, not exposed, margin smooth. Prostomium low, as dark as surrounding region; eyes not seen. Caruncle not seen. Palps large, thick, shorter than branchiae; palp lobes reduced. Lateral lips well developed; ventral and dorsal lips reduced.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Branchiae thick, digitate, in different sizes, sessile on branchial plate, in a horse-shoe pattern (Fig. 2B), one superior single row with four thick larger filaments, and six pairs of lateral filaments arranged in irregular double rows. Largest branchiae longer than palps. Nephridial lobes in branchial plate not seen. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae abrupt (most chaetae broken); first aristate neurospines in chaetiger 3. Gonopodial lobes not seen in holotype; non-type specimens with dark, digitate, small lobes in chaetiger 5 (Fig. 2C), or in chaetigers 5 and 6.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="38B383A3BFD56F780C44C2C345645577" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cephalic hood short, not exposed, margin smooth. Prostomium low, as dark as surrounding region; eyes not seen. Caruncle not seen. Palps large, thick, shorter than branchiae; palp lobes reduced. Lateral lips well developed; ventral and dorsal lips reduced.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F6211DB2F0D7E53D4D023BD32FEE565" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Branchiae thick, digitate, in different sizes, sessile on branchial plate, in a horse-shoe pattern (Fig. 2B), one superior single row with four thick larger filaments, and six pairs of lateral filaments arranged in irregular double rows. Largest branchiae longer than palps. Nephridial lobes in branchial plate not seen. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae abrupt (most chaetae broken); first aristate neurospines in chaetiger 3. Gonopodial lobes not seen in holotype; non-type specimens with dark, digitate, small lobes in chaetiger 5 (Fig. 2C), or in chaetigers 5 and 6.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1DC005B6665E7D0ECAD3236B3DAC3BDC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Parapodia slightly developed (Fig. 2D); notopodia without prominent lobe, chaetae emerge from the body wall. Median neuropodia ventrolateral, projected ridges.
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">No</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="5B97467F13B6C4C0E06B50E84F941EEF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">No</pageBreakToken>
additional longer papillae associated with chaetal lobes. Noto- and neuropodia lateroventral, very close to each other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Median notochaetae arranged in oblique rows, as long as one-fourth or one-fifth of body width, 2-3 per bundle; all notochaetae thin, multiarticulated capillaries, with short articles basally, median-sized medially, longer distally (Fig. 2E). Neurochaetae anchylosed aristate spines, 6-8 per bundle; broken, with short anchylosed articles, arranged in an oblique line. Other chaetal features not examined in holotype. Paratype with noto- and neurochaetae broken; non-type specimens with slightly curved, hyaline, smooth tips (Fig. 2F).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Posterior end rounded; pygidium with anus ventral, without anal cirri.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95F7962A09972B455C9D450B7E0AA645" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Median notochaetae arranged in oblique rows, as long as one-fourth or one-fifth of body width, 2-3 per bundle; all notochaetae thin, multiarticulated capillaries, with short articles basally, median-sized medially, longer distally (Fig. 2E). Neurochaetae anchylosed aristate spines, 6-8 per bundle; broken, with short anchylosed articles, arranged in an oblique line. Other chaetal features not examined in holotype. Paratype with noto- and neurochaetae broken; non-type specimens with slightly curved, hyaline, smooth tips (Fig. 2F).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01944858B43C8F139A8E62D67F34BCFB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Posterior end rounded; pygidium with anus ventral, without anal cirri.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The original body shape was digitate rather than sole-like; this distortion was the result of the sudden change of pressure, especially because of the sediment load in the dredge over its body. The damage resulted in the loss of all cephalic cage chaetae, but chaetal scars are visible in the corresponding position. This damage further compressed the body breaking its wall, and making it appear flat. Other specimens (SIORAS) are long, anteriorly swollen, posteriorly tapered; this is more pronounced among juveniles, and although the number of chaetigers is fixed early in development, counting depends on the presence of chaetae and they are often broken off.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="A81E0F7A64F746674E37DC7F085B1D5A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="B5888CFE68B9EEC593834A0DA9F8E35F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA49919B1EDA59C74CE75E86FE6C1319" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The original body shape was digitate rather than sole-like; this distortion was the result of the sudden change of pressure, especially because of the sediment load in the dredge over its body. The damage resulted in the loss of all cephalic cage chaetae, but chaetal scars are visible in the corresponding position. This damage further compressed the body breaking its wall, and making it appear flat. Other specimens (SIORAS) are long, anteriorly swollen, posteriorly tapered; this is more pronounced among juveniles, and although the number of chaetigers is fixed early in development, counting depends on the presence of chaetae and they are often broken off.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57863AA4850C9446967488B44070AFD6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="CA41597CED8844D7524C8C7D9E3F412E" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919 and
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8A6BD212D46ADE94139E61CEDE68E2D7" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus ascendens" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ascendens">Ilyphagus ascendens</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin, 1919 are herein regarded as synonyms. The latter has cephalic cage chaetae in an oblique row, rather than in a transverse one as in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="52F3DD7D09446545ED07E61B2B5D3C52" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
. This displacement results in a larger area between chaetae and the anterior margin of chaetiger 1. However, because the anterior end of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A7C95DA0A1E4BFD3E7722D731AB4FD6F" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
is severely damaged, and because other body features are similar, there are insufficientdifferences to keep them separate as distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="EED3AEEB6B50D615266680284518BC9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="F0D4A52CCDF2F6EBFEC8520A03F8541B" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A74CA07759FB43B78511C03829DA1AEA" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
Monro, 1937, but they differ in the relative number of neurochaetae in chaetiger 1 and in the relative smoothness of neurochaetal tips. Thus,
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7C48E71B70FC1E1F57FE6283CA7596A5" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
has about 8 neurochaetae in the first chaetiger, whereas there are 3-4 in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6127B1B4C1ABD528ACAD7D66676E8325" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
, and in the former, the neurochaetal tips are mostly smooth or barely hirsute, whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6154964B8AE60EA8E12FE19116D24CF9" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus hirsutus" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hirsutus">Ilyphagus hirsutus</taxonomicName>
neurochaetae are markedly hirsute. At the same time,
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="95F53F8DDAE4AA061A8F060D78475BB1" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus wyvillei" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">Ilyphagus wyvillei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9F879D133F9A1951B35029E78DE4C903" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus wyvillei" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">Ilyphagus wyvillei</taxonomicName>
(McIntosh, 1885), but they differ in the relative number of neurochaetae in chaetiger 1 and in the number of branchial filaments. Thus, in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0A7BF9C19D556DAC7F5C8A83CDCE61BB" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
there are 8 neurochaetae per side and about 40 branchial filaments, whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus wyvillei" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">Ilyphagus wyvillei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="43B7A53A208E940C2A65FB6D017A0D87" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus wyvillei" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wyvillei">Ilyphagus wyvillei</taxonomicName>
there are 10-12 neurochaetae and about 16 branchial filaments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="021A1D5F7FE27F4C35BD6CD1C7ACFA94" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="49EAE4F103533C925AA32D7BCE2729FC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F3A743B05AB2F0A5601F57018103A0E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Apparently restricted to deep water off southwestern Mexico, to Galapagos and Peru, in 1260-6000 m. There have been two other records for this abyssal species.
<bibRefCitation author="Levenstein, RY" journalOrPublisher="Okeanologiya" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="136 - 139" title="Novye dannye o mnogoshchetinkovykh chervyakh (Polychaeta) Yavanskoi vpadiny." volume="1" year="1961 b">Levenstein (1961b:</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BC44F0D1E51DEFF7629F0619E6098B65" author="Levenstein, RY" journalOrPublisher="Okeanologiya" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="136 - 139" title="Novye dannye o mnogoshchetinkovykh chervyakh (Polychaeta) Yavanskoi vpadiny." volume="1" year="1961 b">Levenstein (1961b:</bibRefCitation>
137, map), recorded it from the Java Trough, and
<bibRefCitation author="Kirkegaard, JB" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Reports" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="63 - 78" title="Benthic Polychaeta from depths exceeding 6,000 meters." volume="2" year="1956">Kirkegaard (1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A0B4996C98189014E6CBED0114FC1DD5" author="Kirkegaard, JB" journalOrPublisher="Galathea Reports" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="63 - 78" title="Benthic Polychaeta from depths exceeding 6,000 meters." volume="2" year="1956">Kirkegaard (1956</bibRefCitation>
:70, Fig. 9) recorded it from the Sunda Trench. The former (ZIRAS-9451) was based on a specimen broken in two, much damaged, collected in 6850 m depth (RV Vitjaz, Stat. 4535, 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A9DB98FB9EF8CBB0394703AFBAEE501E" originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
08'S, 107
<normalizedToken originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C4A3F33B503DE5BAAA0941E144EDE2C4" originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
55'E). It resembles
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8EED12CE5B4D374B1A75B62F089AC22C" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Ilyphagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ilyphagus bythincola" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bythincola">Ilyphagus bythincola</taxonomicName>
but better specimens are needed for a complete identification or description. On the other hand, the specimen from the Sunda Trench belongs to an undescribed species in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Bradabyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bradabyssa" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Bradabyssa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="EC3A02C52DE65FBFAABC9B0676907DC7" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Bradabyssa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bradabyssa" order="Terebellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Bradabyssa</taxonomicName>
, and will be described elsewhere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:076D02DB744A15E92FCBCA7DF8A17525" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/076D02DB744A15E92FCBCA7DF8A17525" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName authority="Chujo, 1935" authorityName="Chujo" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">
<treatment id="076D02DB744A15E92FCBCA7DF8A17525" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:076D02DB744A15E92FCBCA7DF8A17525" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/076D02DB744A15E92FCBCA7DF8A17525" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Galerucinae">
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<paragraph id="ABB1B44B84051D5E137BC7855925766E" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="788563DBF9C118DF15CEEB63CA5C9D71" authority="Chujo, 1935" authorityName="Chujo" authorityYear="1935" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">
Paridea (Paridea) sauteri (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2777F06E58FB053C330826CC63C7AD8F" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
, 1935)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="14" pageNumber="97">stat. r.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6E6B13C6561BADAF624368A29684E515" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">stat. r.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraulaca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraulaca sauteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri">Paraulaca sauteri</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
<subSubSection id="A9555FEF317348FE9D40F552DC74CAE4" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F27E39318E9172729D296C2B1886D142" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="2A0A74CCA8518093CCE226447B85736D" genus="Paraulaca" lsidName="Paraulaca sauteri" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sauteri">Paraulaca sauteri</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="971B20602EBA54CF1C459FD963F3AEE2" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
, 1935: 166;
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review of Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="21 - 26" title="Notes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan VII." volume="26" year="1974">Kimoto 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F3D41045470CFCEC6754B963463DE7BE" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review of Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="21 - 26" title="Notes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan VII." volume="26" year="1974">Kimoto 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 26 (as synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea sinensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">Paridea sinensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DD17368A7679E0EA6BD00B6A3FB0C580" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea sinensis" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sinensis">Paridea sinensis</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraulaca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraulaca (Paraulaca) sauteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paraulaca">Paraulaca (Paraulaca) sauteri</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="7CCB20F0AD7C17D6AFA3682367BFFE4D" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="A3B17105CCEAB2E7C1E4D654EB50380C" genus="Paraulaca" lsidName="Paraulaca (Paraulaca) sauteri" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paraulaca">Paraulaca (Paraulaca) sauteri</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="The Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 239" title="A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Formosa. Part IX. Subfamily Galerucinae." volume="91" year="1962">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="F120E0349A457C60966D29369ED8D478" author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="The Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 239" title="A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Formosa. Part IX. Subfamily Galerucinae." volume="91" year="1962">
<normalizedToken id="FB6C0198416B0320B68B64B5A9BDEB13" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
1962
</bibRefCitation>
: 192 (redescription);
<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="379 - 402" title="Chrysomelid-beetles from Formosa, preserved in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest." volume="55" year="1963">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="6173623E9B68D6CA2D158B33846B3342" author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="379 - 402" title="Chrysomelid-beetles from Formosa, preserved in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest." volume="55" year="1963">
<normalizedToken id="624D3B8ED99D136226EC7C5D62CE22CD" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
1963
</bibRefCitation>
: 395.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paraulaca) sauteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paraulaca">Paridea (Paraulaca) sauteri</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="AB3C178778281538AA0F7EFC2233FBC4" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="8025AC3546ECB9A8948793F7AE5F7B49" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paraulaca) sauteri" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paraulaca">Paridea (Paraulaca) sauteri</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="485 - 490" title="A list of specimens of Chrysomelidae from Taiwan preserved in the Naturhistorisches Museum / Wien (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="68" year="1965 a">Kimoto 1965a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="067D01296931467630734AFB558764EC" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="485 - 490" title="A list of specimens of Chrysomelidae from Taiwan preserved in the Naturhistorisches Museum / Wien (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="68" year="1965 a">Kimoto 1965a</bibRefCitation>
: 489.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sauteri</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="208A3BC2DD0B8FE12892E86620848001" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="567E99802899BAA2FDA030803EBC121F" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sauteri</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="21 - 38" title="A list of the Chrysomelid specimens of Taiwan preserved in the Zoological Museum, Berlin." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto 1966</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="782AA4704462549EEFC94B38B9E011B5" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="21 - 38" title="A list of the Chrysomelid specimens of Taiwan preserved in the Zoological Museum, Berlin." volume="5" year="1966">Kimoto 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 29;
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 68" title="Notes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan II." volume="7" year="1969">Kimoto 1969</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4B62A57329B734A6573D4C34D81D6E36" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Esakia" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 68" title="Notes on the Chrysomelidae from Taiwan II." volume="7" year="1969">Kimoto 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 35;
<bibRefCitation author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 16" title="The Taiwanese chrysomelid beetles preserved in Hiwa Museum for Natural History (Coleoptera: Coleoptera)." volume="33" year="1995">Takizawa et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="DC177156E9FC0E4CA1091C2FB1C9FADA" author="Takizawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 16" title="The Taiwanese chrysomelid beetles preserved in Hiwa Museum for Natural History (Coleoptera: Coleoptera)." volume="33" year="1995">Takizawa et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sinensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sinensis</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="4321EDC073E9E6CC651DC0B8BF7AC8EF" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="F8BEEAF26BC1D80F4A823F346595FEC6" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sinensis" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sinensis" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sinensis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="53 - 62" title="The Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by the Nagoya University Scientific Expedition to Taiwan in 1984." volume="35" year="1986">Kimoto 1986</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="07CC2F5BBB7ACEB6AECD9841C2557829" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="53 - 62" title="The Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by the Nagoya University Scientific Expedition to Taiwan in 1984." volume="35" year="1986">Kimoto 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 57;
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="237 - 272" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1983 and 1986." volume="38" year="1989 a">Kimoto 1989a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B6ABD202BFDD304645BE986C433EBD6D" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="32" pageNumber="115" pagination="237 - 272" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1983 and 1986." volume="38" year="1989 a">Kimoto 1989a</bibRefCitation>
: 251;
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="33" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 27" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1987, 1988 and 1989." volume="40" year="1991">Kimoto 1991</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7ADE40C43791965A26197B30C70D1E19" author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Kurume University Journal" pageId="33" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 27" title="The Taiwanese Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) collected by Dr. Kintaro Baba, on the occasion of his entomological survey in 1987, 1988 and 1989." volume="40" year="1991">Kimoto 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<subSubSection id="4C578F60592A0BFCF8AE9D575112FC18" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="AD7FEC63B51779FA3E99BBA99308948B" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCEE58D9C89B2F68E3B27AE9D259D322" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
Taiwan, Chiayi, Talin (= Taihorin),
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.583334">23°35'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="07CA01CFC6C10DCC6526E755A643D130" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.583334">23°35'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.46667">120°28'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7DD725B62E6C9EBE573E2ADDE58D79CA" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.46667">120°28'E</geoCoordinate>
, 50 m, broad-leaf forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<subSubSection id="041FCB0A5BA84B647CA650A188FF40AE" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="type material">
<paragraph id="11471086F168E89292C3874EA176765A" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2EE0783737B25FE756E600A61443A064" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
Holotype ♂ (SDEI), labeled: &quot;Taihorin [p] / Formosa [p] / H. Sauter, 1911 [p] // 7. VIII. [p] // Holotype [h, red letters] //
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraulaca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraulaca" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraulaca</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="23CD748A37112359C86D160FD74CF636" genus="Paraulaca" lsidName="Paraulaca" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">Paraulaca</taxonomicName>
[h] / sauteri [h] /
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A60ED6DAF6457706AFA2C9FC599AA013" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] // DEI
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müncheberg">Muencheberg</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="03581EC29B5D0BF1D5F45B4444DD89CD" originalValue="Müncheberg">Muencheberg</normalizedToken>
[p] / Col - 04207 [p, g]&quot;. Paratypes: 1♀ (SDEI), same as holotype but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Allotype”">&quot;Allotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8899479E8E031BA6B7BF866964440081" originalValue="“Allotype”">&quot;Allotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
and &quot;Col - 04210&quot;; 2♀♀ (SDEI), labeled: Taihorin [p] / Formosa [p] / H. Sauter, 1911 [p] // 7. VII. [p] // Paratype [h, red letters] //
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paraulaca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraulaca" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraulaca</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A13AEC287273E383186114E1EC58882C" genus="Paraulaca" lsidName="Paraulaca" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">Paraulaca</taxonomicName>
[h] / sauteri [h] /
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B1553D1FE7F08620896771D403EAFA11" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] // DEI
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müncheberg">Muencheberg</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="369E5F898FE8BADA76BFF96122162706" originalValue="Müncheberg">Muencheberg</normalizedToken>
[p] / Col - 04208 &amp; 04209 [p, g]&quot;; 1♀ (TARI), same as preceding, but with &quot;2846 [p, w]&quot;; 1♂ (TARI), labeled: &quot;Taihorin [h] / Formosa [p] 10. [h] / Sauter [p] IV. [h] __ 07 09 // Paratype [h, red letters] //
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<taxonomicName id="E437F1795CBEC8AC1D5D73B85280C907" genus="Paraulaca" lsidName="Paraulaca" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">Paraulaca</taxonomicName>
[h] / sauteri [h] /
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E46E93085EAE07421306BE35408A07EA" originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
[h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, g] // 2845 [p, w]&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="additional material examined">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Additional material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
<subSubSection id="4916A501A7652FD8BB9A39147B1889E5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="14" pageNumber="97" type="additional material examined">
<paragraph id="A5769F878EE118F4B6389053070C35DD" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">Additional material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E02811B8A2DB3149EB8C9F8D1AA5A20" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="14" pageNumber="97">
(n = 51).TAIWAN:Hsinchu: 13♂♂, 3♀♀, Wufeng, 14-16.VII.1982, leg. K. C. Chou &amp; C. C. Pan (TARI); Ilan: 2♂♂, Songluo,
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="98" start="start">7</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="6CE981EA022BB3C2D7AA444D8DECC7B9" pageId="15" pageNumber="98" start="start">7</pageBreakToken>
.IV.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou (TARI); Taipei: 2♂♂, Fushan, 5.IV.2007, leg. S.-F. Yu (TARI); 3♂♂, same locality, 2.III.2012, leg. M.-H. Tsou (TARI); 1♂, Shintien, 2.X.2010, leg. Y.-F Hsu (TARI); 1♂, Wulai, 7.X.2006, leg. S.-F. Yu (TARI); 1♂, same locality, 30.III.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee (TARI); 1♀, same locality, 16.V.2007, leg. G. Martin &amp; J. Quicke (BMNH); 2♂♂, same locality, 15.VI.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee (TARI); 8♂♂, same locality, 26.VI.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee (TARI); 2♂♂, same locality, 26.VII.2009, leg. H.-J. Chen (TARI); 7♂♂, same locality, 30.VIII.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee (TARI); 1♂, same locality, 1.III.2010, leg. C.-F. Lee (TARI); Taoyuan: 1♂, Hsiaowulai, 19.IV.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu (TARI); 1♂, Paling, 2.IX.2009, leg. H. Lee (TARI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="99" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="4DFF21E4F605666ADF8EF9547B2ADBDB" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="05A45439B179A0CB58EDAF0FF648BBC5" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<pageBreakToken id="F749C3AFFA24098D84A20719EC57913B" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sauteri</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="80BD0CC058B95DDE2359EA9773A1148E" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="0F210A97632CA32AF33F0F7A103AF142" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sauteri</taxonomicName>
is similar to some individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A29593DD2CD871E33EEA941568F5D23E" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
having yellow apices of the black elytra but differs by possessing yellow femora and black tibiae (black outer margins of femora and tibiae in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D59844564191C6623275EE0871D32291" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="males">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Males.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Length 4.8-5.5 mm, width 2.9-3.2 mm. General color (Figs 55-57) yellowish brown; antenna dark brown; apex of labrum darkened; elytra black but apex pale yellow; scutellum, meso- and metachoracic ventrites black; tibiae and tarsi blackish brown. Eighth abdominal tergite (Fig. 72) weakly sclerotized, transverse and wide, apical margin truncate, with dense long seta along apical margin. Penis (Figs 68-69) wide, apex pointed, ventrally curved; almost straight from lateral view; endophallic sclerites composed of one pair of elongate and longitudinal sclerites, curved inwards near apex, apex projecting from opening.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection id="BD1E305AD0AC04D4EBCCA98050ECCFD6" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="males">
<paragraph id="36579F1DED021D447B2CB5CA82C09B1B" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Males.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="772C28C806DBFCB248E03C360306C56A" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Length 4.8-5.5 mm, width 2.9-3.2 mm. General color (Figs 55-57) yellowish brown; antenna dark brown; apex of labrum darkened; elytra black but apex pale yellow; scutellum, meso- and metachoracic ventrites black; tibiae and tarsi blackish brown. Eighth abdominal tergite (Fig. 72) weakly sclerotized, transverse and wide, apical margin truncate, with dense long seta along apical margin. Penis (Figs 68-69) wide, apex pointed, ventrally curved; almost straight from lateral view; endophallic sclerites composed of one pair of elongate and longitudinal sclerites, curved inwards near apex, apex projecting from opening.</paragraph>
<caption id="F66ED56F04D7B84595273E587EE824E0" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<paragraph id="00BB19D3A0C71F8707507892D5BCEF58" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
Figures 68-73.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sauteri</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8F16CEFDED78A2BF811245F86D25C7AC" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) sauteri" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="sauteri" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) sauteri</taxonomicName>
. 68 Penis, dorsal view 69 Penis, lateral view 70 Gonocoxae 71 Eighth abdominal sternite 22 Eighth abdominal tergite 73 Spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="females">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Females.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Length 5.5-5.7 mm, width 3.2-3.3 mm. Similar to male; apical margin of last abdominal ventrite smooth, not modified. Gonocoxae (Fig. 70) slender, apex of each gonocoxa with eight setae from apical 1/4 to apex; connection of gonocoxae extremely slender, base slender. Sternite VIII (Fig. 71) weakly sclerotized; apex wide, apical margin slightly emarginate at middle, surface with longer setae near apical margin, and shorter and denser setae on apical margin, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 73) slightly swollen; pump extremely long, strongly curved; spermathecal duct short, stout, shallowly projecting into receptaculum.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="343781A72A78BA59AB0E82871DB3DA85" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="females">
<paragraph id="3583B67F4AC73C65EF8CA8B1BCF017C8" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Females.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24CA003ED3854D27D866A73B89E2D591" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Length 5.5-5.7 mm, width 3.2-3.3 mm. Similar to male; apical margin of last abdominal ventrite smooth, not modified. Gonocoxae (Fig. 70) slender, apex of each gonocoxa with eight setae from apical 1/4 to apex; connection of gonocoxae extremely slender, base slender. Sternite VIII (Fig. 71) weakly sclerotized; apex wide, apical margin slightly emarginate at middle, surface with longer setae near apical margin, and shorter and denser setae on apical margin, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 73) slightly swollen; pump extremely long, strongly curved; spermathecal duct short, stout, shallowly projecting into receptaculum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection id="8FA8048CF78CD7C1052E2C6D010669C0" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="99A6CCC21500BBE52E82639DDCBA871C" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9606FF77F9DB1DACEB98620A47196B10" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
Endemic to Taiwan, and with a scattered distribution. The species seems to be allopatric with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F64BDFE5945E84722EFAC007825428F2" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 65). For example, it is common in Wulai, northern Taiwan. But no individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="22703026F484B5CCAF7A1B7F8C749FE8" genus="Paridea" lsidName="Paridea (Paridea) taiwana" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Paridea">Paridea (Paridea) taiwana</taxonomicName>
have been found in Wulai.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="host plants">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName genus="Cucurbitaceae" lsidName="Cucurbitaceae" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="0FD5533AC3627994B25980CE8399E853" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" type="host plants">
<paragraph id="ABDC4BEF9579B406EB9EF6EBCFA745E1" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F437590BD0582F269A9ABE5566BEB22" pageId="16" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="AF27137081364B00C0F27EB83F311BBA" genus="Cucurbitaceae" lsidName="Cucurbitaceae" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Thladiantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thladiantha nudiflora" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">Thladiantha nudiflora</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="80C41449DF64E20DECFFE3720AD17A25" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Thladiantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thladiantha nudiflora" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="16" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">Thladiantha nudiflora</taxonomicName>
Hemsl. ex Forbes &amp; Hemsl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,341 +1,341 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159293036" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:077652A98A0D57B5885BA14D0C29B79E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/077652A98A0D57B5885BA14D0C29B79E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="077652a9-8a0d-57b5-885b-a14d0c29b79e" authority="Brand, van den Boom, Guzow-Krzeminska, Serus. &amp; Kukwa" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea isidioprasina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidioprasina">
<treatment id="077652A98A0D57B5885BA14D0C29B79E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159293036" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:077652A98A0D57B5885BA14D0C29B79E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/077652A98A0D57B5885BA14D0C29B79E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Pilocarpaceae">
<subSubSection id="30DB77BE2388584A22D63038D47635C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3383992A68F79563CED2A46F0DC29702" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FA55B2F4688E2A10ED29D778A0435FCA" ID-CoL="42LR9" LSID="077652a9-8a0d-57b5-885b-a14d0c29b79e" authority="Brand, van den Boom, Guzow-Krzeminska, Serus. &amp; Kukwa" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea isidioprasina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidioprasina">
Micarea isidioprasina Brand, van den Boom,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guzow-Krzemińska">Guzow-Krzeminska</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="23439B16EB1CB10789C7CA2F62D296F1" originalValue="Guzow-Krzemińska">Guzow-Krzeminska</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérus">Serus</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="605E96C63A33C3838401F0B384F6503F" originalValue="Sérus">Serus</normalizedToken>
. &amp; Kukwa
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Morphology of newly described Micarea species A M. aeruginoprasina (holotype) B M. azorica (holotype) C M. isidioprasina (holotype) D M. microsorediata (holotype) E M. nigra (holotype) F M. pauli (holotype). Scale bars: 200 µm (AC, E); 300 µm (D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="770F6A4ACC001B7AAFBC83ECE7C14E81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="5B4E279E6CD08D078FC5D5F1A3FED8EC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Morphology of newly described Micarea species A M. aeruginoprasina (holotype) B M. azorica (holotype) C M. isidioprasina (holotype) D M. microsorediata (holotype) E M. nigra (holotype) F M. pauli (holotype). Scale bars: 200 µm (AC, E); 300 µm (D, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/321987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="2F91958AF53AFF881E1A93937F6D381D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B7DF3A26800AFBBBA7785346A6C8356B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="490E4151CE2F3F8FAE20D00535F501C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Species characterised by granular-isidiate thallus, pale grey to grey-beige apothecia, 0-1-septate, ovoid, ellipsoidal or oblong ascospores measuring 7-13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="464431432C9BFB3A160099927C3E6539" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="024D9A70D12DF8D3F4290DA2CFF56337" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
and the presence of micareic acid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="FB9CA382484FE8DC4CADD4EB27B86060" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7CC2DE7ABED3EC2E3BAB933FD062FDDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96D580D9917E28C5B2FCC3D7AC896553" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
POLAND.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Równina">Rownina</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="746B3AED8E8086C999780FACE1D72E49" originalValue="Równina">Rownina</normalizedToken>
Bielska,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="694DCABC3615966231F25F48596512BF" originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
Primeval Forest,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="83284771A6D29D0CEF9CB2738A6D119A" originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
National Park, forest section no 256,
<taxonomicName genus="Pino-Quercetum" lsidName="Pino-Quercetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pino-Quercetum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8DA4DC80E135EBF8E944A546677CEB8E" genus="Pino-Quercetum" lsidName="Pino-Quercetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C9E6099D2786AAAB9FF534ED8CC943D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pino-Quercetum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on wood of log, 21 Aug 2015, M. Kukwa 17367a, A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="74450C27546DD3A4E4ACF60395471184" originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(holotype UGDA; isotype KTC, ITS GenBank accession number: MN095789, mtSSU GenBank accession number: MK562016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mcm7</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B039FBA2A24D04E10A37BA979F0DB21B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mcm7</emphasis>
GenBank accession number: MN105897).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="1B4F16CB5F604A24E5D8D41F8D5E5AE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="643324DFF14436991DF23A2DD6A534C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6473FE10E1C5426A4ED0E5A0CB9526" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Thallus crustose, granular-isidiate, indeterminate, endosubstratal to rarely episubstratal in non-isidiate parts and then as a thin greenish film over the substrate or minutely areolate, isidiate; prothallus not seen; areoles up to 0.05 mm in diam., green, soon developing isidia; isidia abundantly branched and coralloid, crowded and forming an almost continuous layer locally over the substrate, but in younger parts of thalli separated, green to olive green (Sedifolia-grey, K+ violet), up to 250
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="033AEBFCC8E4E74FFCD4F9EFEB6F2C99" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
tall and 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D76B1869AE71D075033A01FD691D44D3" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, with a distinct and complete hyphal layer; apothecia rarely developed, white to beige, some patchily grey, up to 0.45 mm in diam., convex; excipulum poorly developed, as a narrow, hyaline zone, hyphae radiating, branched and anastomosing; hymenium up to 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A6D194818B0EA0E36E451BD34CE6D01F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
tall, hyaline; epihymenium and hypothecium hyaline; paraphyses of one type, 1-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1B7375BB53991C80DB205EEF94CB113D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, sparse, mostly apically branched and anastomosed, hyaline throughout; asci cylindrical-clavate, 30-45
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CF44AFD6E12B2EFD223A300FABBE0A42" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C7636A0CF43C231CF8964FE222B4C4BC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, 8-spored; ascospores, 0-1-septate, ovoid, ellipsoidal or oblong, 11-14
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0BCB33B5FC9597CE71B0B6C68163141A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CBED123F14642A334EFC1AE4D4CD02EB" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; pycnidia not seen; crystalline granules (studied in polarised light) present rather sparsely in hymenium (as strands between asci and paraphyses) and abundantly in isidia, soluble in K.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph id="7EEE5FF089B40CA52C8BA156384CFA2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Photobiont chlorococcoid, micareoid, cells globose to ellipsoidal, 4-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4AAAA503FCC82630F85F520EC6F1D48D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diam.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micareic acid detected by TLC. Sedifolia-grey pigment present in outermost parts of some isidia.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="512FF4C2FA0B5603505F6E686814A788" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chemistry">
<paragraph id="B0D7AE4554C3BBBB01A49F2ABF5B0AA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F3355718D855FCD311B9F8A4E8D17C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micareic acid detected by TLC. Sedifolia-grey pigment present in outermost parts of some isidia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species grows on wood (decomposing logs) and acidic bark of trees in various forest communities in well preserved forest.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">To date, it is known from Belgium, Germany, France, Poland and Romania.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="01BB3CAC18948B832100186BA42D105F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="BBDF5BF4270D493A7259A02812C564AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1D0DF0C8BC49586C10C46C88D2A049" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species grows on wood (decomposing logs) and acidic bark of trees in various forest communities in well preserved forest.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="735C6EE05C69235974CB8E8083BA93D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">To date, it is known from Belgium, Germany, France, Poland and Romania.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="35859E7AF7B1440CF88AE2EDE6C12C29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7266659DAF5C19EE330C5D90BF08A801" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29D400F7E93E50A897F58B033D8A1D92" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The name of the new species refers to the presence of isidia and the chemistry of
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. prasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. prasina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CF93F3F7C5F55830904212F5828799EB" lsidName="M. prasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis id="3E16118420962CB7D1B7A07A701F8091" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="5FAAF5BF73EC20480C14A25D28A7681E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="37CA31FA76AD717C93AD75DF5EA9AB2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0BA2B74A8BA5BA018FACBB92CF1EFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Belgium. Herbeumont, forest by the Semois river, 265 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="49.75">49°45'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8903586D39F4BE082721BBD82E071790" degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="49.75">49°45'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="5.2166667">05°13'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="218CDFEE979DCB2624A2E7D4315FB62C" degrees="05" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="5.2166667">05°13'E</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C2F237D7EFCB295DBEF64088ED3EE6D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="00B00F61755C023A422C4780BD96880D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree in forest, 2013, E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D2C11B10A5B1FFAD9BEFA4C4A8AB5630" originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
3609 (LG). France. Vosges,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dépt">Dept</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9378F0474F1F7DE017DF6F7E0A975D4E" originalValue="Dépt">Dept</normalizedToken>
. Haut-Rhin, Hohneck, Frankenthal nature preserve,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="48.033333">48°02'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BAB7D587E9B429238DF84774E0C73089" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="48.033333">48°02'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.016667">07°01'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5C884BA5EEE710DCEC1D332243ABA872" degrees="07" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.016667">07°01'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1100 m alt., on dead
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fagus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2CF17399E826B15C612EFB919189797B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EC51A1DF972D4EC95EA285EE90CEB181" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in forest, 2013, E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0927B5A56E4CF09F3CC1E9ADCEA14749" originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
LG DNA 3437 (LG). Germany. Niedersachsen, S of Goslar, Rammelsberg, 360 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="53.01" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="51.8835">51°53.01'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E2B842648A8F4031CA40160225FBB26B" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="53.01" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="51.8835">51°53.01'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="25.23" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="10.4205">10°25.23'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="AD2494FB7DE5B555AA3B5432138184ED" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="25.23" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="10.4205">10°25.23'E</geoCoordinate>
, trail along
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Picea</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="530EC64805B6BB611E93AF9D4639E596" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3A87949DAD3B5281CAB332A1EC0E6973" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest and brooklet with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acer</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3A5907273B35C27A6071DDC9D73148F2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0F343A169C96C3F1414F0A8A37CF04C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alnus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4500738C81FE34304CF7C87418BDC095" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5DB40AFCE31880A55E00B62A10506079" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Betula</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C6516751304F5B34F16A38194E5F2657" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0D218CE66997D07973186ECF6622E30E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees, 12 May 2015, P. &amp; B. van den Boom 53248 (hb. v.d. Boom). Poland. Roztocze
<normalizedToken originalValue="Środkowe">Środkowe</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4B68723B506D7ECDC1BAAD8AEC0F4CA7" originalValue="Środkowe">Środkowe</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roztoczański">Roztoczanski</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="44A8E96CB470EFFA8B0D3A2BC66A31B4" originalValue="Roztoczański">Roztoczanski</normalizedToken>
National Park, S of Zwierzyniec village, Bukowa
<normalizedToken originalValue="Góra">Gora</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="25F5411CA14C7036F1736E054D6691BB" originalValue="Góra">Gora</normalizedToken>
nature reserve,
<geoCoordinate degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="50.596386">50°35'47&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="968D611407B11E4043CD8370062CBC54" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="50.596386">50°35'47&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="22.963335">22°57'48&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4A8F28FF13804D4B479C572390712461" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="22.963335">22°57'48&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, ca. 280 m alt., beech forest, on wood of log, 15 Sept 2015, M. Kukwa 17493 (UGDA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Równina">Rownina</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B013C8C2A1CD1EFEC330DAC62ED4B5EA" originalValue="Równina">Rownina</normalizedToken>
Bielska,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2AD6E255CEE27A4FF7EA13A2A39628DA" originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
Primeval Forest,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="23BD4E295177F6E1504C56F4A09477B4" originalValue="Białowieża">Bialowieza</normalizedToken>
National Park, forest section no 256,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Carici" lsidName="Carici elongatae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elongatae">Carici elongatae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0EC6880737D26B7450BA19861418D91B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="71CDCA6DE2EDF4D54CAAFED06F317F6E" genus="Carici" lsidName="Carici elongatae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="elongatae">Carici elongatae</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName genus="Alnetum" lsidName="Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Alnetum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DC6930F5379638C61B0814DF646A927F" genus="Alnetum" lsidName="Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Alnetum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, on wood of logs, bark
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea abies" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abies">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Picea abies</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1BB9620294117C54CD4F84689B7D14B0" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea abies" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abies">
<emphasis id="B3BBC11F24BB0F5DEEBA0D00233430F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Picea abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus glutinosa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alnus glutinosa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="49E2E407207412FF25ACEBE5DF344262" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus glutinosa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa">
<emphasis id="530CF45ACE443F030C1B3499144409FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alnus glutinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Aug 2014, M. Kukwa 14030, 14038, 14107, 14112, A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4CD35AA344CD56815A68345474B9D205" originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA); ibidem,
<taxonomicName genus="Circaeo" lsidName="Circaeo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Circaeo</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46352C984549B62D83EABC0BD83D61D1" genus="Circaeo" lsidName="Circaeo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2B8A0C5A394D3547CC6B30EB93F041E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Circaeo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName genus="Alnetum" lsidName="Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alnetum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="270F2D332C6FE7F28F5A6F8CABB8B404" genus="Alnetum" lsidName="Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2958D565025DE90339184A7AF654F659" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alnetum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on wood of log, Aug 2014, M. Kukwa 13299, A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="14D3B8E022568D9293D80FFE1CF5792B" originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA); ibidem,
<taxonomicName genus="Tilio" lsidName="Tilio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tilio</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EBE095DE2A6C4D8A1FF25ACA324E3F88" genus="Tilio" lsidName="Tilio" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDA06CA0D5DCB8EF93C2494E43A50448" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tilio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName genus="Carpinetum" lsidName="Carpinetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carpinetum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FB164ED1CF6E2B8A60E0142D6B37EDDF" genus="Carpinetum" lsidName="Carpinetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0556A5C00112C9410DB49B700E23EA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carpinetum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on wood of log, Aug &amp; Oct 2014, M. Kukwa 13418, 14358, A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D193F733201948B0A2B3A4B1D73B306E" originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA); ibidem,
<taxonomicName genus="Circaeo-Alnetum" lsidName="Circaeo-Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Circaeo-Alnetum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="428981B54CBBC7B158528630EA5337E8" genus="Circaeo-Alnetum" lsidName="Circaeo-Alnetum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83C521279F62115ED8705C37EC6FC03F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Circaeo-Alnetum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on wood of snag, Oct 2014, M. Kukwa 14243, A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="95ADE28D2A98637ADE30E4E1BD8F1EB9" originalValue="Łubek">Lubek</normalizedToken>
(KTC, UGDA). Romania. W of Brasov, S of Zarnesti, Praia Craiului National Park, 1350 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.516666">45°31'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="53E531D1E15D43E91EF4E0C68C9D386D" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.516666">45°31'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.266666">25°16'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7BEADE5F4F0EA48A615005BD9A3C4B3A" degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.266666">25°16'E</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fagus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40368C6AFBC6EF9A7BB2A1B669401B17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="784602D77B5386E8569F5C66CD90EF12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inside forest, 2016, E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0A724FC96334E17AA023DC56720BD2F9" originalValue="Sérusiaux">Serusiaux</normalizedToken>
LG DNA 6260 &amp; 6265 (LG).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea isidioprasina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidioprasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea isidioprasina</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="96F59898B47609CAF19F53475CBBD19B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="4E3A015FAB028EBC0A901321EE765926" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A96CC55CB7E980622DA801F6D3BAEB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E8E4FDC59377BFC4561C7AA81BCEC99C" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea isidioprasina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="isidioprasina">
<emphasis id="E8F12C27FF0F02AD3F20D5BD36B004D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea isidioprasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an isidiate species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. prasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. prasina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1F45FB9A4DDA68F8D988FA114D142B4" lsidName="M. prasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis id="B5EEB7F618C0332A187E5BA0ED369005" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group containing micareic acid as the main secondary metabolite. It is usually sterile and in Poland often grows in similar habitats with
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. pauli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pauli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. pauli</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="13C04E3268C2183DCFC7C27E2BD43D96" lsidName="M. pauli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pauli">
<emphasis id="75681DB1AD35530BE1CCA053311DDEB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. pauli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species described in this paper, from which it can be separated with certainty by analyses of secondary metabolites, as the latter contains methoxymicareic acid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea aeruginoprasina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
<paragraph id="4748F90A938777BF4AA3EA9ACA6C19D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4CA8877455331EA331425086A680A0D3" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pilocarpaceae" genus="Micarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Micarea aeruginoprasina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis id="E3964EBA15B1CF0E95D3D05F3DA31AAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Micarea aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5E6B4D911D870B917C87CE7ABE2B760D" lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="14B350E3C6EE5DAE6CA2BF73D607DA57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also develop similar isidiate thalli, but
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AED063D70CE53B8DBECBAEC3F474827F" lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis id="7284628AEAACE77C070EDB3F26049D2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has pale cream to pale brown or aeruginose apothecia (often mottled with all colours in the same apothecium) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C36BB0FBE5BCAF68058AABC4BCB770DF" lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="FAE8A418F05618C0902CF0D83A1C643A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
develops dark greyish to black apothecia. When sterile, all three species may be more difficult to separate, especially
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6B11A98A1F82D12FF74996C4C39966A6" lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis id="686B7CBF36CA5EF43D88CB26708A1143" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which also produces micareic acid (
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9816542F24F17C70B5D4A42CB54CD455" lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="FC8C0EBA3A9A60FF2167EF222F88A6FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains methoxymicareic acid), but that species has pale brown isidia. Additionally, the so far known distributions of all three species do not overlap and
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7A8E8DEBD24546740080F7C543D085B3" lsidName="M. aeruginoprasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aeruginoprasina">
<emphasis id="89FAEB90044DB7753D069819DB8DC95F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. aeruginoprasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA8E8E5C33820685966B70FE6D2EF20E" lsidName="M. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="BED40852D69EE4DBD2DAF3E90D897DC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from the Azores and continental Portugal, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph id="AEE7F1DB1CBB8DE2F8D09F43092B2B56" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Micareic acid is also the main secondary metabolite in the somewhat morphologically similar
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. prasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. prasina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="849B5BBBCAD7BF5AECF3188DDDF9C97B" lsidName="M. prasina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="prasina">
<emphasis id="B26AABFA82AC9E2BD8BAB72601BFCC79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. prasina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the latter is not isidiate, often richly fertile and its thallus consists of goniocysts (
<bibRefCitation author="Czarnota, P." journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 199" refId="B15" refString="Czarnota, P., 2007. The lichen genus Micarea (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in Poland. . Polish Botanical Studies 23: 1 - 199" title="The lichen genus Micarea (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in Poland." volume="23" year="2007">Czarnota 2007</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="08F96056660F016AACDB85AD6A66D40F" author="Czarnota, P." journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 199" refId="B15" refString="Czarnota, P., 2007. The lichen genus Micarea (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in Poland. . Polish Botanical Studies 23: 1 - 199" title="The lichen genus Micarea (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in Poland." volume="23" year="2007">Czarnota 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282918000555" author="Launis, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 25" refId="B36" refString="Launis, A, Pykaelae, J, van den Boom, P, Serusiaux, E, Myllys, L, 2019a. Four new epiphytic species in the Micareaprasina group from Europe. . Lichenologist 51: 7 - 25" title="Four new epiphytic species in the Micareaprasina group from Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282918000555" volume="51" year="2019 a">Launis et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F6946A6813AFE7126DFBF67220B821B1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282918000555" author="Launis, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 25" refId="B36" refString="Launis, A, Pykaelae, J, van den Boom, P, Serusiaux, E, Myllys, L, 2019a. Four new epiphytic species in the Micareaprasina group from Europe. . Lichenologist 51: 7 - 25" title="Four new epiphytic species in the Micareaprasina group from Europe." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282918000555" volume="51" year="2019 a">Launis et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" author="Launis, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B37" refString="Launis, A, Malicek, J, Serusiaux, E, Svensson, M, Tsurykau, A, Myllys, L, 2019b. . https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" year="2019 b">b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3776E59E8DAAE7AB4296FCDEC9F851FA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" author="Launis, A" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B37" refString="Launis, A, Malicek, J, Serusiaux, E, Svensson, M, Tsurykau, A, Myllys, L, 2019b. . https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603044" year="2019 b">b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,251 +1,251 @@
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<mods:title>To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="5189102C42A161A66335821DE18FF5F4">To name but a few: descriptions of five new species of Terebellides (Annelida, Trichobranchidae) from the North East Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Capa, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree after Maximum Likelihood analyses on a concatenated dataset of cox 1, 16 S rDNA, ITS 2, and 28 S rDNA (as in Nygren et al. 2018). Bootstrap support values above nodes. Coloured squares indicate the major clades referred herein as Groups A-D. Within Group A, the focus of present study, subgroups A 1 - A 4 and species 6 - 13, 18 - 21, 23, 28 are labelled." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474795" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree after Maximum Likelihood analyses on a dataset of cox 1 (including all sequences in Nygren et al. 2018 and in Lavesque et al. 2019). Bootstrap support values above nodes. Species other than members of Group A are collapsed. Species with names refer to those dealt with in present study." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474796" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Bathymetric distribution of Terebellides species studied in this work. Subgroups (A 1 - 3) within group A sensu Nygren et al. (2018) are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Relationship between number of abdominal chaetigers and body length (complete specimens) for Terebellides species described in this work." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474811" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 17B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. SEM micrographs of abdominal uncini types of Terebellides species. A T. kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; ZMBN- 116409) B T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; ZMBN- 116513) C T. ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; ZMBN- 116353) D Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; ZMBN- 116399). Abbreviations: ctr - capitium teeth row; ros - rostrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474822" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 28A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A612F178A7747050EC3A841BC5BA2855" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree after Maximum Likelihood analyses on a dataset of cox 1 (including all sequences in Nygren et al. 2018 and in Lavesque et al. 2019). Bootstrap support values above nodes. Species other than members of Group A are collapsed. Species with names refer to those dealt with in present study." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474796" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="22C702466A68E86E1A6FFD88B2209D63" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0EB0106E0FFC0189947F356E3535C35F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DB05B1DA216BE817FA743BD5A28301E9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B843D8202D9EA3160F871E5C9749202D" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Bathymetric distribution of Terebellides species studied in this work. Subgroups (A 1 - 3) within group A sensu Nygren et al. (2018) are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B48C2FEAC632F8F67C14797AAB3DB399" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="155F097D1A864338720FC8D93C8436E5" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DD15970043B0794F799141D593C2C1AA" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Relationship between number of abdominal chaetigers and body length (complete specimens) for Terebellides species described in this work." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474811" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 17B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="48D3943A2A5074AC0B547E9D975A6604" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. SEM micrographs of abdominal uncini types of Terebellides species. A T. kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; ZMBN- 116409) B T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; ZMBN- 116513) C T. ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; ZMBN- 116353) D Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; ZMBN- 116399). Abbreviations: ctr - capitium teeth row; ros - rostrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474822" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 28A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of discriminatin g taxonomic characters of the species studied in this work. Cells with text in italic show discriminatory characters of each subgroup. Species 18, 19, and 23 were not studied and 12 and 21 only examined with SEM." pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C940EC115EE0F6B531A5DC7DD2B3572A" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of discriminatin g taxonomic characters of the species studied in this work. Cells with text in italic show discriminatory characters of each subgroup. Species 18, 19, and 23 were not studied and 12 and 21 only examined with SEM." pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1</figureCitation>
; Suppl. material 1: Table S1; Suppl. material 2: Table S2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="D9DAFD9A9856551F048C73F845639773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B44343ACE20B420734A1BDB2BF4297A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Species 13 -
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0EC74565AA273EFE0B20A0282B05122D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 18-22, figs 6, 10.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="167BFA0921A55AD1AE9FF44B68458217" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="97413E18971BC3903EA888180279457B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD85B89BEAE0E767D78E72908376C7C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6EF58D48C611AA6ADBB0809CFF3A1AC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Type material.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2D3BF876EDD7FE6AB2505E8E445FC335" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: GNM14632.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
<emphasis id="21DDC9383251F3385C3E2D1766D89AF7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
(20 specs): Barents Sea (ZMBN116409, ZMBN116411, ZMBN116414); Norwegian coast and shelf (ZMBN116412, ZMBN116413, ZMBN116415, ZMBN116416, ZMBN116417, ZMBN116418, NTNU-VM66568, NTNU-VM66570, NTNU-VM66571, NTNU-VM66572, NTNU-VM68195, NTNU-VM72560, NTNU-VM72561, NTNU-VM72562, NTNU-VM72563); Skagerrak (GNM15136, GNM14632, GNM14638).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<paragraph id="DAF968A3088C16D4071D3F9C4027F473" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="57E1E585F286D3E5EAF27AC867E1E9F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E69979BACD0704BA26E9BF8479E02EA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Complete specimen, 50.0 mm long and 5.0 mm width (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6A7EE6152996330ED51D0F242421F873" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="912655559BE799C461E75B732995181B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">GenBank accession numbers of material examined (COI).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes: MG025201, MG025202, MG025203, MG025204, MG025210, MG025211, MG025212, MG025214, MG025216, MG025217, MG025218, MG025219, MG025223. Additional material: MG025199, MG025200, MG025205, MG025206, MG025207, MG025208, MG025209, MG025213, MG025215, MG025220, MG025221, MG025222, MG025224.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="7CF71247F9ED4ACD6798AEC32FA6127B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B6EC35E54A08D49EB958BD2C41C3C40" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">GenBank accession numbers of material examined (COI).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC9B394F69536582377BA1A4553D0935" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes: MG025201, MG025202, MG025203, MG025204, MG025210, MG025211, MG025212, MG025214, MG025216, MG025217, MG025218, MG025219, MG025223. Additional material: MG025199, MG025200, MG025205, MG025206, MG025207, MG025208, MG025209, MG025213, MG025215, MG025220, MG025221, MG025222, MG025224.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostic features of type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="3D784567C189118089098AC3704CED9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="9B191BBDB59906789BFC128E3CCEC554" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostic features of type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0D87C790C95A444A10F667ED52AB1BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Complete individuals 12.0-50.0 mm in length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Relationship between number of abdominal chaetigers and body length (complete specimens) for Terebellides species described in this work." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474811" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="57FB3EC1024665AA8DD1AC8ECF9AC49C" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Relationship between number of abdominal chaetigers and body length (complete specimens) for Terebellides species described in this work." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474811" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17B</figureCitation>
). Branchial dorsal lobes lamellae without papillary projections. Ventral branchial lobes hidden in between dorsal ones (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FB87DF16122ECD25D109B32D04769B8D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. STM photographs of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395) B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397) C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632) D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514) E Terebellides europaea Lavesque, Hutchings, Daffe, Nygren &amp; Londono-Mesa, 2019 (species 6; non-type specimen, GNM 14628) F Terebellides ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; holotype, ZMBN 116357) G Terebellides norvegica sp. nov. (species 8; holotype, ZMBN 416378) H Terebellides scotica sp. nov. (species 9; holotype, ZMBN 116385). Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobe; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474797" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5721622904E4AF635FD0D2696157447E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Line drawings of several Terebellides species. A Terebellides bakkeni sp. nov. (species 10; holotype, ZMBN 116395), anterior end, right lateral view B Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116397), anterior end, right lateral view C Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; holotype, GNM 14632), anterior end, left lateral view D Terebellides bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; non-type specimen, ZMBN 116514), anterior end, left lateral view. Abbreviations: bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bvl - branchial ventral lobes; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; TC - thoracic chaetiger." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="544634736336C5CCBF9AA137629A6178" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A-C</figureCitation>
). Lateral lappets and dorsal projection of thoracic notopodia on TC2(3)-TC5(4) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5D3DAE15A0F1A4A929DCD5039F3586C5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
). Geniculate chaetae in TC6, acutely bent, with low marked capitium (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="397889DC072B49BE260B7CFBAD003BEC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A, B</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of nephridial pores in TC4 and TC5 and ciliated papilla dorsal to thoracic notopodia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8B5BED56A4797989FF0FCDB285C4DD58" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs. A anterior end, left lateral view B branchiae, left side C anterior end, left lateral view D TC 1 and TC 2, thoracic dorsal papillae E TC 3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in C) F several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11D, E</figureCitation>
). Thoracic uncini in one row with rostrum/capitium length ratio approximately 2: 1 and capitium with a first row of 2-5 medium-sized teeth, followed by several smaller teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C-E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="538F975A4F6F0A61497EDD0B7FCDD989" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C-E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen with 25-35 uncinigers (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="72666988164A0E2B482B0195DEC06A11" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12F</figureCitation>
) with type 1 uncini (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FBEFC87E4CB184665CE003CBFBFBF5E5" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Terebellides kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs. A TC 6 (TU 1) geniculate chaeta B detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium) C-E thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in D pointing to rostrum curved at distal end) F abdominal unciniger G abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. SEM micrographs of abdominal uncini types of Terebellides species. A T. kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; ZMBN- 116409) B T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; ZMBN- 116513) C T. ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; ZMBN- 116353) D Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; ZMBN- 116399). Abbreviations: ctr - capitium teeth row; ros - rostrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474822" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="57B63DDFC6D8DFC0DB50F2CC07BFBFA4" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. SEM micrographs of abdominal uncini types of Terebellides species. A T. kongsrudi sp. nov. (species 13; ZMBN- 116409) B T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011 (species 20 + 28; ZMBN- 116513) C T. ronningae sp. nov. (species 7; ZMBN- 116353) D Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835 (species 11; ZMBN- 116399). Abbreviations: ctr - capitium teeth row; ros - rostrum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474822" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
<caption id="F39C35A914BA4E44A9F284B302C3D09E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="91615E6AB784337B849D39916EDD5FE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0302600E5D0C6159751D24361C017C86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3AB64D9360DB0D23E50261138A7C9392" authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="32F98B7D15D514111E19D80811B6D979" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 13; paratypes, ZMBN 116409 and ZMBN 116411), SEM micrographs.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7CF0F0509D1DA513FC3011936B843843" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
anterior end, left lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AD43BE08E8B8A490A877F1B5C8D5330B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
branchiae, left side
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D47C07AD6AD99AA925E1DD055D4EB274" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
anterior end, left lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8D327F257094147041558637338232B8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
TC1 and TC2, thoracic dorsal papillae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="11A401281DB5D84309EDC45D440F6EBA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
TC3, thoracic dorsal papilla (framed in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7EEA35C64600D3BEA311C3A25770874C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DF41EE8371B39BC8300CC614004AF3EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
several thoracic chaetigers, left lateral view. Abbreviations: abl - anterior branchial lobe; bdl - branchial dorsal lobe; bdltp - branchial dorsal lobe terminal papilla; dpn - dorsal projection of notopodium; tdp - thoracic dorsal papilla; tll - thoracic lateral lobes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nucleotide diagnostic features">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nucleotide diagnostic features.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="D43271CAE23EFCB14AE396EF91457E59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nucleotide diagnostic features">
<paragraph id="5D8652CE4A7D3961208AF60373E97FDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nucleotide diagnostic features.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26308C2153FFA208BCC98C35D013F424" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
All sequences of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="58797CAC313A0CB0FC22C5D816668F33" lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="F4AB5280F9001BD8485B6D3605E8BAF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. share the unique apomorphic nucleotides in positions 300 (G) and 624 (G) of our alignement.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
<caption id="707F0110F24495E8FC7BB8759BE00FA6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474806" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="3CDF4FBFC88C9FB35D89535355E1CD7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9EE8A64EF778E2CB7CB65A386B08945F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7F45E47254A5A8B7A2E324AC218E9B0E" authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="8C727ED6E4C432E0193E86AC700A9129" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (species 13; paratype, ZMBN 116409), SEM micrographs.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="55995F5AF2E4F271A76E47B022132700" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
TC6 (TU1) geniculate chaeta
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EA45E3A69A1D2D9EE118CE403E0D293B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detail of geniculate chaeta (arrow pointing to capitium)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4836B143E10289DBCE1C5B5DD54E4CBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-E</emphasis>
thoracic uncini, lateral and frontal views (arrow in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AB85ACB07285CECAF58E586D0217EF67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
pointing to rostrum curved at distal end)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C098CADB1CF1DF57BDC6EEF46C50C430" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
abdominal unciniger
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9BF0151023478858980C903A3764C528" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
abdominal uncini, frontal view (framed in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0C3568881380CABDB0649A3412DFCC43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="A87311B1C1F7295F70A6F053902682E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="88C29A6D1086ABD7362FCA3809FCD4F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BB901D6B60058E871AB8D5A9CA1FA00" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Skagerrak; 429-445 m deep (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="27731B515127E45B08E94228E7C8738D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
; Suppl. material 1: Table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and bathymetry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="A90801F9B04F2D703AAA183695A7157F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="71B564B15D2EF42E74DC786BECDB4AA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and bathymetry.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7521EE5A2AAADD3785BA575E04FC4C6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, along the Norwegian coast and shelf, reaching the Skagerrak to the South; 108-534 m deep (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7871350CB89474FD50ADD5408FF7F276" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="96226A449FA36463B808BC0B8CA21389" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Geographic distribution of A T. bakkeni sp. nov. B T. stroemii Sars, 1835 C T. kongsrudi sp. nov. D T. bigeniculatus Parapar, Moreira &amp; Helgason, 2011." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Bathymetric distribution of Terebellides species studied in this work. Subgroups (A 1 - 3) within group A sensu Nygren et al. (2018) are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="56D07D633E277231BCE217D3A1202F07" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Bathymetric distribution of Terebellides species studied in this work. Subgroups (A 1 - 3) within group A sensu Nygren et al. (2018) are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.992.55977.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/474803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
; Suppl. material 1: Table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is named after Dr. Jon Anders Kongsrud, Department of Natural History, Zoological Museum Bergen-ZMB (Norway), housing institution of some of the specimens used in the present study, for his dedication to the study of Norwegian polychaetes and his friendship.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="E36D8104EC343DF8EEA7F86C4DFB3B0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3186EAE8B455DA2C243A66C9A51900B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE98B5978BF98CA920A5BBC4B1E1655D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is named after Dr. Jon Anders Kongsrud, Department of Natural History, Zoological Museum Bergen-ZMB (Norway), housing institution of some of the specimens used in the present study, for his dedication to the study of Norwegian polychaetes and his friendship.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="DBA081E76D2105E535C3D1354A475C7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="7E579609A11850782F60F980929103FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89D3FEDD022F93CFD1B2450A17F798AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This is a large species reaching up to 50.0 mm long, and is characterised by the presence of ciliated papilla dorsal to thoracic notopodia, lack of papillae on the margins of branchial lamellae, thoracic uncini of type 3 and abdominal uncini of type 1. These features are also shared by species 12 (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="A473278CF8C28625FE2A603D088B8769" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
), which will be described elsewhere (Gaeva and Jirkov, pers. comm.).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="77BFC03C7D5F4D7EEA20E5CE5B43AF3A" authorityName="Parapar &amp; Capa &amp; Nygren &amp; Moreira" authorityYear="2020" class="Polychaeta" family="Trichobranchidae" genus="Terebellides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Terebellides kongsrudi" order="Terebellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="3D55F2CC7E04131922053FFFB902DB43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terebellides kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is also morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FA5FF6CEBDA1FD266843CB348748DE37" lsidName="T. bakkeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bakkeni">
<emphasis id="C5335A5D43AEB3FFC6C337761A10639A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. bakkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (see above) but
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F979F022CB0CD7B6731937A06EACE041" lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="5C058026BDB840C9843F64DBBE28851B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and species 12 show a wider geographic distribution; on the contrary, species 12 is present at shallower depths (&lt;200 m) while
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C190A98F885D9B7AFDB7337BBD708C01" lsidName="T. kongsrudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kongsrudi">
<emphasis id="BE8E29820F37AC409F714E977AD4F2DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. kongsrudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. extends to deeper depths (&gt;500 m).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph id="D2FAE722FE7D355F3C9E3067245974BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Finally, in the 26 sequences belonging to this species (see Suppl. material 2: Table S2), there were fourteen haplotypes showing 0-1.9% of intraspecific divergence, and a minimum of 8.2% uncorrected genetic distance with members of species 12 which is the closest relative (sensu
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="CA129C3147EDD7A01FC8B91187B15DF8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" author="Nygren, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Nygren, A, Parapar, J, Pons, J, Meissner, K, Bakken, T, Kongsrud, JA, Oug, E, Gaeva, D, Sikorski, A, Johansen, RA, Hutchings, PA, Lavesque, N, Capa, M, 2018. A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13(6): e0198356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" title="A mega-cryptic species complex hidden among one of the most common annelids in the North East Atlantic. PLOS ONE 13 (6): e 0198356." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198356" year="2018">Nygren et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,235 +1,235 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193243876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:07C7BEFD888354ABB33304BC7976E268" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07C7BEFD888354ABB33304BC7976E268" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="567F6B6341E7FFB36C9F0FABC59951FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Thyridium flavostromatum (A-S KT 3891 = HHUF 30647 T-AC culture KT 3891 = MAFF 247509) A-S sexual morph A-C appearance of stromata on substrate D, E ascomata in longitudinal section (D in 2 % KOH) F ostiolar neck of ascoma G paraphyses H ascomatal wall I-K asci L apex of the ascus M stipe of the ascus N-R ascospores S germinating ascospore T-AC hyphomycetous asexual morph T sporulation in culture U phialides V slimy conidial heads W conidiophores X phialide Y adelophialide Z-AB conidia AC chlamydospores and conidia. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 µm (B, C); 100 µm (D, E); 50 µm (F); 10 µm (G-K, M, S, U, V); 5 µm (L, N-R, W-AC); 250 µm (T)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640745" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Colony characters of Thyridium species used in this study on MEA (bottom right), OA (bottom left) and PDA (upper) within 1 week at 25 ° C in the dark A T. flavostromatum (culture KT 3891 = MAFF 247509) B T. pluriloculosum (culture KT 3803 = MAFF 247508) C T. punctulatum (culture KT 3905 = MAFF 247510). Scale bars: 3 cm (A-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640748" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 6A</figureCitation>
<subSubSection id="BAB181EB0B6BBF7E407F6FC28D201BE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph id="7560DD39C4940D5754B333AAD064EC1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<figureCitation id="5CFD9F0DD9C4D0503415D2565AF7F6D4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Thyridium flavostromatum (A-S KT 3891 = HHUF 30647 T-AC culture KT 3891 = MAFF 247509) A-S sexual morph A-C appearance of stromata on substrate D, E ascomata in longitudinal section (D in 2 % KOH) F ostiolar neck of ascoma G paraphyses H ascomatal wall I-K asci L apex of the ascus M stipe of the ascus N-R ascospores S germinating ascospore T-AC hyphomycetous asexual morph T sporulation in culture U phialides V slimy conidial heads W conidiophores X phialide Y adelophialide Z-AB conidia AC chlamydospores and conidia. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 500 µm (B, C); 100 µm (D, E); 50 µm (F); 10 µm (G-K, M, S, U, V); 5 µm (L, N-R, W-AC); 250 µm (T)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640745" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F5FD92775099EF3BA6ABA5010FB9837F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Colony characters of Thyridium species used in this study on MEA (bottom right), OA (bottom left) and PDA (upper) within 1 week at 25 ° C in the dark A T. flavostromatum (culture KT 3891 = MAFF 247509) B T. pluriloculosum (culture KT 3803 = MAFF 247508) C T. punctulatum (culture KT 3905 = MAFF 247510). Scale bars: 3 cm (A-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640748" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 6A</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="AE0C2BE30FF4F86CA0FCDB6F2676E5ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="4A010576544AB00ED5B0238726947179" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23A91D68F70C0984F890642F89B36DCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Japan, Yamaguchi, Nagato, Misumikami, near Kusaritoge, on dead twigs of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phyllostachys" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllostachys pubescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Phyllostachys pubescens</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6ACBFE45E2E21D0371E76DFA2520152E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phyllostachys" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllostachys pubescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="296E93C7FEDCF14BBBE92CE8C5F2B3E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Phyllostachys pubescens</emphasis>
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, 26 March 2018, K. Tanaka, K. Arayama and R. Siguta, KT 3891 (HHUF 30647, holotype designated here), living culture MAFF 247509.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">The name refers to yellowish stromata.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA1630C329C9B9DC4507E6C1EBE8D2B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23C14A1970AF1277F485CADEF603BF37" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">The name refers to yellowish stromata.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Sexual morph.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="1C706A83ECE5DE9FA1348DC6DF7CC21A" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="sexual morph">
<paragraph id="B8C56E2B0B71089AEEF0D15FAF419A56" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Sexual morph.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691440B12CB213AA8C0FD858921BFAC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Stromata scattered to grouped, subepidermal, becoming erumpent to superficial, 0.7-1.4 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm wide, yellowish to dark brown, red in 2% KOH. Ascomata perithecial, subglobose to ampulliform, mostly 2-6 grouped, 190-240
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="44C2281F0D38677482D6A90ADC5BEA06" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
high, 200-220
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0626908F20D912C9EE916C74157DDFF4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., immersed in stromata to erumpent through host surface. Ascomatal wall 15-23
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EDE584423FB82A785E37223297238390" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, composed of 5-8 layers of polygonal, 2.5-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CD74127D4D12F516F193AA148D793E3C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, dark brown cells. Ostiolar neck central, cylindrical, 80-140
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F10E6D8DC651E06F0D272A25E5EF0626" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, 55-90
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9AC50427760A9A5F29D49CC00DF366D9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, periphysate. Paraphyses numerous, septate, unbranched, cylindrical, 50-105
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1440FD9F11BFD5D694048C32AE76A4E3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical, 62.5-90
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FE0071160FA8C5510DC5A2251B9CF50F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(av. 78.7
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<normalizedToken id="31A100FCCC16C2A425D41F400AA712B5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 30), broadly rounded at the apex, with a pronounced non-amyloid apical annulus, short-stalked (5-17.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E51F791B98676660A64906792613382B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long), with 8 ascospores. Ascospores obovoid to ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline to pale brown, with 3 transverse and 0-2 vertical septa, 9.5-14
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8EEF64F219210CEBA854D01F24ACD040" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(av. 11.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="20F5287A5D0F2B5FC71C8D6C916E6878" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2FDF6FCB236E146E49A01C92FAF5A9C7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 50), l/w 1.4-2.5 (av. 2.0, n = 50).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="asexual morph (nature)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Asexual morph (nature).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Not observed.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="59BB729614101F3178AE0729412CFE4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="asexual morph (nature)">
<paragraph id="5C54813EC6F7CA212B458E6300D73ED6" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Asexual morph (nature).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="302D55340D6342051D03038D1B630474" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Not observed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="asexual morph (culture)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Asexual morph (culture).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="9A9D77BC1A4F283B56C13F4B12D7165E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="asexual morph (culture)">
<paragraph id="7228E5D77EE2FF0A2D735091E5FAF1E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Asexual morph (culture).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797F344C6F237FC27B7CB602AC7E8F29" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Hyphomycetous asexual morph formed. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, hyaline, thin-walled, simple or irregularly branched, with branches bearing a group of 2-3 phialides terminally. Phialides swollen at the base, tapering at the tip, hyaline, 3-6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="52E9C691CB6A659D06EA04A6925D9BF5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C652DAFF674504A9CE73908019681412" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Adelophialides rarely present. Conidia ellipsoidal to allantoid, with a slightly apiculate base, hyaline, smooth-walled, 2-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="68688CF0E717302F97AFC856AEB425A9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B65BE5D54276BE58026DF51F73C3109B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(av. 4.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EE7B62CA2EE8CAD9FDCDCA8DD395D450" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A3C4EC0E56B583047DCCCC83A69FF991" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, n = 50). Chlamydospores rarely present, solitary, 3.5-6.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E8E1426708270DFE65AC862B793727C8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam., hyaline to pale brown, thick- and rough-walled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Culture characteristics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="A9D6ED5C8B8492154A4457DA7E9E664F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
<paragraph id="561DAE22D6AB9C400DEFEDFA14D71BB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Culture characteristics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="63088EDE3B208AC94B2196E7CC7C1422" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Colonies on MEA at 25 °C attained 28-29 mm diam. after a week in the dark, whitish. On OA attained 35-37 mm diam., whitish. On PDA attained 28-31 mm diam., whitish to buff (45;
<bibRefCitation author="Rayner, RW" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B49" refString="Rayner, RW, 1970. A mycological colour chart. CMI and British Mycological Society. Kew, Surrey." title="A mycological colour chart. CMI and British Mycological Society. Kew, Surrey." year="1970">Rayner 1970</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="AA07CE9C08F13DE2BD2565ECC63D3606" author="Rayner, RW" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B49" refString="Rayner, RW, 1970. A mycological colour chart. CMI and British Mycological Society. Kew, Surrey." title="A mycological colour chart. CMI and British Mycological Society. Kew, Surrey." year="1970">Rayner 1970</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Colony characters of Thyridium species used in this study on MEA (bottom right), OA (bottom left) and PDA (upper) within 1 week at 25 ° C in the dark A T. flavostromatum (culture KT 3891 = MAFF 247509) B T. pluriloculosum (culture KT 3803 = MAFF 247508) C T. punctulatum (culture KT 3905 = MAFF 247510). Scale bars: 3 cm (A-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640748" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7F968FF61F5201B3D8E4979EA3F54757" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Colony characters of Thyridium species used in this study on MEA (bottom right), OA (bottom left) and PDA (upper) within 1 week at 25 ° C in the dark A T. flavostromatum (culture KT 3891 = MAFF 247509) B T. pluriloculosum (culture KT 3803 = MAFF 247508) C T. punctulatum (culture KT 3905 = MAFF 247510). Scale bars: 3 cm (A-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640748" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
<subSubSection id="3F71B1ED0AD95616D77DED70034EAB7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="notes">
<paragraph id="B3AF750F3CE4919D497F6A2C330DBF8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25CCAA61A52DDAD291FF4A66C91DB689" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">act</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EB089ED362BE8A158F119D45AFA2A2A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">act</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">tub2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47CDD32BF5AC45942365533FF7AF4B6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">tub2</emphasis>
sequences suggested that
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. flavostromatum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C3D03FD2A31C131DE3BE5B08C9B53CDC" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis id="97EAD5A7575710274B12F1A4406A8CCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. flavostromatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. curvatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="curvatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. curvatum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0A218E492A8C4D79E8B1015097B0423" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. curvatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="curvatum">
<emphasis id="441D823E12A9B483515D77F006C5CD56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. curvatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. hongokgense" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hongokgense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. hongokgense</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7DBA2A00179497E6D48D4CDA9B19F967" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. hongokgense" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hongokgense">
<emphasis id="FA65043662FB2F56BA240C2E77D5A30D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. hongokgense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. limonesiae" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="limonesiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. limonesiae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9DE0FBF4DB29346CA647F0597BB1B7D" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. limonesiae" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="limonesiae">
<emphasis id="50BF053FC059D1D185ADB80CC9E734F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. limonesiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood tree of Thyridium species based on each ITS (A), act (B), tub 2 (C) and combined sequences (ITS- act - tub 2; D). ML bootstrap proportion (BP) greater than 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) above 0.95 are presented at the nodes as MLBP / Bayesian PP. A hyphen (' - ') indicates values lower than 70 % BP or 0.95 PP and a node not present in the Bayesian analysis is shown with ' x'. Ex-holotype and epitype strains are shown in bold and the newly obtained sequences are shown in red. Strains previously as Phialemoniopsis species are marked with a blue circle. The scale bars represent nucleotide substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640744" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="30237CCA1FA6F8C1E606CAE6CDF380C3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood tree of Thyridium species based on each ITS (A), act (B), tub 2 (C) and combined sequences (ITS- act - tub 2; D). ML bootstrap proportion (BP) greater than 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) above 0.95 are presented at the nodes as MLBP / Bayesian PP. A hyphen (' - ') indicates values lower than 70 % BP or 0.95 PP and a node not present in the Bayesian analysis is shown with ' x'. Ex-holotype and epitype strains are shown in bold and the newly obtained sequences are shown in red. Strains previously as Phialemoniopsis species are marked with a blue circle. The scale bars represent nucleotide substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.86.78989.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/640744" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">2</figureCitation>
), of which only
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. hongokgense" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hongokgense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. hongokgense</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0FCEBC8A8D875CF833C8A955AA6BE9C1" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. hongokgense" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hongokgense">
<emphasis id="C283B1A72E0E1F5B6CAC72FF656417F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. hongokgense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has unknown conidial state. Although
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. curvatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="curvatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. curvatum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA30D200761A8C36C796BA6D8B27AAF1" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. curvatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="curvatum">
<emphasis id="3E2EC9E07528F536AE825D498E3FA4F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. curvatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms sporodochial conidiomata (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-137" author="Perdomo, H" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="398 - 421" refId="B44" refString="Perdomo, H, Garcia, D, Gene, J, Cano, J, 2013. Phialemoniopsis, a new genus of Sordariomycetes, and new species of Phialemonium and Lecythophora. Mycologia 105: 398 - 421, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/12-137" title="Phialemoniopsis, a new genus of Sordariomycetes, and new species of Phialemonium and Lecythophora." url="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-137" volume="105" year="2013">Perdomo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2FDAD1F18A1D7AE1510698CFA8F11846" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-137" author="Perdomo, H" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="398 - 421" refId="B44" refString="Perdomo, H, Garcia, D, Gene, J, Cano, J, 2013. Phialemoniopsis, a new genus of Sordariomycetes, and new species of Phialemonium and Lecythophora. Mycologia 105: 398 - 421, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/12-137" title="Phialemoniopsis, a new genus of Sordariomycetes, and new species of Phialemonium and Lecythophora." url="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-137" volume="105" year="2013">Perdomo et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), those are not found in
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. flavostromatum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="110E7E530A5B20F1708FE373F04ABBE9" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis id="964DD25F9887C46A3764859567EB6E32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. flavostromatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Conidia of
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. limonesiae" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="limonesiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. limonesiae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8C8FA7FCDC2AA15E46806B4599D04CA" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. limonesiae" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="limonesiae">
<emphasis id="22B636966A8BAC9B54884BA57F3C45C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. limonesiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2.3-4.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1AF28012A15C865C93AE11EE09C74580" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.4-2
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3ED48851911899BA48F642FCAC53375E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1892458" author="Martinez, DA" journalOrPublisher="Emerging Microbes &amp; Infections" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="400 - 406" refId="B38" refString="Martinez, DA, Alberto, C, Riat, A, Schuhler, C, Valladares, P, Ninet, B, Kraak, B, Crous, PW, Hou, LW, Trellu, LT, 2021. Phialemoniopsis limonesiae sp. nov. causing cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunosuppressed woman. Emerging Microbes &amp; Infections 10: 400 - 406, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1892458" title="Phialemoniopsis limonesiae sp. nov. causing cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunosuppressed woman." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1892458" volume="10" year="2021">Martinez et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2674FFE0475F29F85626D0F65BFDC909" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1892458" author="Martinez, DA" journalOrPublisher="Emerging Microbes &amp; Infections" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="400 - 406" refId="B38" refString="Martinez, DA, Alberto, C, Riat, A, Schuhler, C, Valladares, P, Ninet, B, Kraak, B, Crous, PW, Hou, LW, Trellu, LT, 2021. Phialemoniopsis limonesiae sp. nov. causing cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunosuppressed woman. Emerging Microbes &amp; Infections 10: 400 - 406, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1892458" title="Phialemoniopsis limonesiae sp. nov. causing cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunosuppressed woman." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1892458" volume="10" year="2021">Martinez et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) are smaller than those of
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. flavostromatum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="754AD86DD0D9335E57D349B23AEE4836" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis id="1B33ABF30114C994793B169CA37AAA98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. flavostromatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D5B3E5C5A159AA07FE7D7A38A12DCBF3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="081DA50F64883BAA1674D19E94DD0611" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. Sugita &amp; Kaz. Tanaka" authorityYear="2022" class="Ascomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" genus="Thyridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Thyridium flavostromatum" order="Thyridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Thyridium flavostromatum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7DE2B44FA5141677918D29B0FD1A797C" authorityName="R. Sugita &amp; Kaz. Tanaka" authorityYear="2022" class="Ascomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" genus="Thyridium" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Thyridium flavostromatum" order="Thyridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis id="FB6D636BEEC3E6558B3AA3D40E269D9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Thyridium flavostromatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. lasiacidis" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lasiacidis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. lasiacidis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FB5DD24716A595BE139A19A602796864" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. lasiacidis" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lasiacidis">
<emphasis id="C5A4042330A0A06261C3A5EB76316F9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. lasiacidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiacis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lasiacis ligulata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Lasiacis ligulata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="077255107B419037FB75FE0103D6DCC3" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiacis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lasiacis ligulata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulata">
<emphasis id="1BF0CC168C91B4B7A85FCD2F0A4A6A69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Lasiacis ligulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Samuels, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Sylloge Fungorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" publicationUrl="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/" refId="B69" refString="Samuels, GJ, Rogerson, CT, 1989. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/" url="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/" year="1989">Samuels and Rogerson 1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FC3D413612458E0890C7C986520C2317" author="Samuels, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Sylloge Fungorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" publicationUrl="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/" refId="B69" refString="Samuels, GJ, Rogerson, CT, 1989. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/" url="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/" year="1989">Samuels and Rogerson 1989</bibRefCitation>
) in 1) having yellowish stromata becoming red in KOH, and 2) ellipsoidal ascospores with three transverse septa, with or without one longitudinal septum in 1-2 median cells. However,
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. lasiacidis" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lasiacidis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. lasiacidis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9EE56A4823B5E1B92F4C772183F7A2" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. lasiacidis" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lasiacidis">
<emphasis id="0C07677072F93CDCF6B0D5C53849ED2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. lasiacidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. flavostromatum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="71A2D73666AC57471F9437CBE504B6A1" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Thyridiaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="T. flavostromatum" order="Myrmecridiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flavostromatum">
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by ascomata with a longer ostiolar neck (90-170
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long) and dark brown ascospores with terminal pale brown cells (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,384 +1,384 @@
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">, 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0668C34836C3743AB5577FFA563545E5" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">, 17</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="D68B6BE3976B081D5315885E44238BEB" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">Asteroschema lissum</taxonomicName>
H. L. Clark, 1939: 37-39, figs 1-3.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<collectingDate value="2020-03-30">30 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="8D217850B3EF263B957591EAD750AE04" value="2020-03-30">30 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
; Collecting event: stn. SC025;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Shenhaiyongshi">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2E0BC27DE3C0CC8ABE4DE1414C0F989D" originalValue="Shenhaiyongshi">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; GenBank:
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OK044300">OK044300</accessionNumber>
<accessionNumber id="F2F7FB992BDEBC5B897750DFF9B1D098" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OK044300">OK044300</accessionNumber>
; IDSSE-EEB-SW0079, IDSSE-EEB-SW080. Northwest Pacific •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="098B7CC14A7B0627BF835F23604E7854" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; near Mariana Trench, Southeast of
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="OK044299, OL712207" collectingDate="2019-09-03" country="Guam Island" elevation="1160" latitude="12.111167" location="Guam Island" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="141.62117" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry name="Guam Island">Guam Island</collectingCountry>
<materialsCitation id="9C0FEF4C4D7F91B69C0DA9A8EB081AD1" accessionNumber="OK044299, OL712207" collectingDate="2019-09-03" country="Guam Island" elevation="1160" latitude="12.111167" location="Guam Island" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="141.62117" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="02B352F75F686F15F140BF214321F4FF" name="Guam Island">Guam Island</collectingCountry>
, seamount,
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="6.67" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="12.111167">12°6.67'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="59693361B66F1CF321BD72AA09DCDF89" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="6.67" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="12.111167">12°6.67'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="37.27" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="141.62117">141°37.27'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E5A539E19E9E6FCC1BC2E3EED64B724B" degrees="141" direction="east" minutes="37.27" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="141.62117">141°37.27'E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" unit="m" value="1160.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" unit="m" value="1160.0">1160 m</elevation>
<quantity id="ACAF62BBE15B551897279F74408B2B07" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" unit="m" value="1160.0">
<elevation id="7A13D00DA2467AA3BB457245E9E9D4F4" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" unit="m" value="1160.0">1160 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate value="2019-09-03">03 Sep. 2019</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="E7ED0F0852E708D93F7F043043CA5564" value="2019-09-03">03 Sep. 2019</collectingDate>
; Collecting event: stn. SC033;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Shenhaiyongshi">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0FD23C2A13FCBA64FCE7E7CA90268877" originalValue="Shenhaiyongshi">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; GenBank:
<accessionNumber isEnumeration="true">OK044299, OL712207</accessionNumber>
<accessionNumber id="9A537BE2B232B70A186B4A2D52E345A3" isEnumeration="true">OK044299, OL712207</accessionNumber>
; IDSSE-EEB-SW0081
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection id="91C96B146C142B91B8F1F99C1B122C24" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="C2BB0BA9DC71997F17CEBB064796420B" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5144FE47321672F258E4BE05B2EC836B" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
IDSSE-EEB-SW0079: disc diameter 11.5 mm, length of arms 165 mm, arm base width 3-3.5 mm (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E3B316B3825BB36D73A86B6F101FD3FE" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Disc</emphasis>
<paragraph id="3EC5A2A4084BDA71E306A6EF1E03849E" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="410EDB554E3DF9DAAA2072816458765C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="5A87B2C9229B9C28FEAAE53AD219C0A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Disc</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Disc flat, slightly raised above arms, swollen in center (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="60B5925833F72FE3DD5E6CC36A56D263" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16A, B</figureCitation>
). Disc covered with smooth, small granular ossicles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="89FEDD9DC4E544C61B542223C51F5990" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16C, D</figureCitation>
). Granular ossicles dense and small in disc center (six or eight grains in 1 mm), but slightly larger and separated at distal end of radial shield (five or six grains in 1 mm) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4D1AB1EBC4552E5B5D2AB3A48A60B703" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16C</figureCitation>
). Radial shields wide, similar in size, curved, slightly raised above disc but not meeting in center (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16A, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DBB467CDBB4B8F21BB5C06F834AD68D0" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16A, C</figureCitation>
). Radial shields clearly recognizable under thin skin embedded with ossicles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16A, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F1ABD14A6D3EE690C1373FF75A659FB8" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16A, C</figureCitation>
). Genital slits narrow, concealed by polygonal granular ossicles, and vertical on ventral interradii (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BC8A0CE1BC7F7B6DE22F498F73B227F7" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16E</figureCitation>
). Jaws elongated, mostly naked without granular ossicles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B1210A7E6063E34A779F57BA9435E8D8" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
). Flattened, spearhead-shaped teeth, and six to seven granular ossicles that resemble lateral oral papillae at apex of jaw (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3F5B8CE33F1BF739D7331AA2D77B81B8" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
). Ventral disc covered with widely separated small granular ossicles (six or seven grains in 1 mm), but mostly covered by translucent thin skin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="76B88730C9763CF51875843A4F83F65A" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
). Adoral shields large, distal edge convex, concealed by thin skin with scattered small, smooth granular ossicles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D807339D8AF3AB12AE5312F71CECEFC5" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
). Oral shields not discernible and oral tentacle pore naked without ossicles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C34B258A3CE336010F848D7EF8A1D209" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">Asteroschema cf. lissum</taxonomicName>
<caption id="77556235880FF4816D2C7817BD110632" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="2AE1E6670F78C2E2472DFC59DF08CA9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="D17E858B480EC5FEB3E3136CF7B8704B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ACEF4664C170DECEF6BC23266C3B9C4" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">Asteroschema cf. lissum</taxonomicName>
H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0079)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FE0A49C897F9C29844BC1FBDD32224E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FAB5998578129CD88576753ACFC64792" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D0B91DB0FCB302C66EEBB0353052EEE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
dorsal disc
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="83DA24E680469893B7E98C525E35AB1B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
skin on the disc
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C9AFCF37632A8EBB96F11FC275BE2F9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
lateral disc
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FF804361D5412B13923A8A82CC504D18" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
ventral disc
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E8E605D5867F14EF38FBB7C30FCA93C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
dorsal arm (middle)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="57D4E27DF4F17EF00EC378026ABB9699" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
lateral arm (middle)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
<emphasis id="90DD3F87AAE9504287DEB3BB39230413" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
ventral arm (proximal)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F8EB7CA0A4491E4E140FD7C6C1EE2C55" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
outer arm spine (proximal)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5BB837673E141F35DB16E5BA19621749" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
arm spines (middle)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E4B7EB0D87C13C91FCD1C3F3C91D0110" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L</emphasis>
arm spines (distal). Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">as</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B64766578A011554DCED82141A7AEE27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">as</emphasis>
adoral shield,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ass</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E55900831ADB0CC04076481FE8620BF3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ass</emphasis>
adoral shield spine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ars</emphasis>
<emphasis id="81E74AC6236D7BD3C9BE8F77ADE6BD85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ars</emphasis>
arm spine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">go</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3EDC3962CFA5B99EAD6016701F3187DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">go</emphasis>
granular ossicle,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">gs</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3E536485FCBAF6635165B844FA9C8C03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">gs</emphasis>
genital slit,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">iars</emphasis>
<emphasis id="81510E725F4CD475E5C5F481E809E0A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">iars</emphasis>
inner arm spine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">j</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7C5111B0465E4133EBCE7A502CC0E820" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">j</emphasis>
jaw,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">oars</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5C52B73094A64F96102F7D2BB271B33F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">oars</emphasis>
outer arm spine,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ots</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9A42B9AC85D2BD30B1A9F1E660249BCE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ots</emphasis>
oral tentacle scale,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">rs</emphasis>
<emphasis id="94E468B919C85992ECA614130C2F8604" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">rs</emphasis>
radial shield,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">t</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0B9DF33B8C08BF730A41BD2C5E81A271" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">t</emphasis>
teeth,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">tp</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7EC15E47119EAE1BBF752817D2CE1DB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">tp</emphasis>
tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B, G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AC48929D3466D8DCBF7AB4D4AA7FE658" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B, G</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C, E, F, H, I</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9A08383E868331A5C29B218906609491" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C, E, F, H, I</emphasis>
); 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B0570A3ECA6A5CE8833A74EB2D68C943" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J, K</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E0DACCD015448AF348F1772190778AAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J, K</emphasis>
); 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="91176E1076939CBA7202AE7266B7D3F4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D, L</emphasis>
<emphasis id="364A7ED2F6E7ECB70EDF99401684986A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D, L</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Arms</emphasis>
<paragraph id="84B8DCD88AEB1EEB5F3D02443600C6C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="3C02553F88EABBEC2D80B57FC2B87489" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="E724D825C61D93E1285ADB08E13F9806" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Arms</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Arms slightly arched, circular, from middle to distal half narrower and more cylindrical (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7D6BAA91AE0D49AEC396C9AAE6E6CCA9" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16G</figureCitation>
). Dorsal arm base covered with granular ossicles similar to dorsal disc (six or eight grains in 1 mm), increasingly separated and decreasing in size along the middle segments of the arm (seven or eight grains in 1 mm), distally widely separated (five or six grains in 1 mm) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16G, H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="58209F07C71CD9518E367CDAF0F4CF29" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16G, H</figureCitation>
). On lateral arm plates, granular ossicles widely separated but continuing to base of arm (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16H, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2FC2750A3FD5269F080B95D4CD3A2DD5" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16H, K</figureCitation>
). Only one or three ventral arm segments near arm base covered with few granular ossicles similar to ventral disc (six or seven grains in 1 mm), then completely naked along the arm (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16I, J</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="064416386E3BCABB905C101B3E573DED" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16I, J</figureCitation>
). First arm spine appears at second arm segment, second arm spine at ninth or thirteenth segment (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16I-K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6DE0C50F5E8215BFF541C322DE38DA3C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16I-K</figureCitation>
). Inner arm spine initially short, thick with thorny pointed tip, at middle arm cylindrical, taller, one and a half arm segment in length, with flattened thorny tip (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16J, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2E6C16790AEDA17CA1D0A3CDE1AE0A4D" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16J, K</figureCitation>
). Outer arm spine half as long as inner spine in middle region, with smooth to thorny tip (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E547BCB69ABCE13B67527A00C81D74FA" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16K</figureCitation>
). Both arm spines equal in length at distal end of arm, and compound hook with five or six secondary teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DE52BF46125BD1E163FD678F92AE6C23" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Color</emphasis>
<paragraph id="0E85B8DF334F4CF798012F24767B72D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="CB09199AE67F88614FDCA2F51D9D5A3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="920338E26FE4FBCAA9460472732174FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Color</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In live specimen, reddish brown but radial shields slightly lighter in color due to thin skin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FC5A37C9D6BD3C1B1E2B672BA639EBF1" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (middle) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ots oral tentacle scale, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C, E, F, H, I); 500 µm (J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665892" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="ossicle morphology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ossicle morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection id="BA3751D561C45C722F7D5AA98941F28C" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="ossicle morphology">
<paragraph id="4E093F6DC30D0B7EFFD637F0B1607409" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ossicle morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1439BA669396F331EC3E70E8C3DFD64B" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
Lateral arm plate with two arm spine articular structures, with large muscle and nerve openings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="07FA0A6C0A98D825F77D28E72E839A4B" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17A, B</figureCitation>
). Inner arm spine from proximal and middle half of arm cylindrical, with thorny tip (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9FBABC42712D952C2AD92F0A2080F525" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17C</figureCitation>
). Distally, arm spine turns into compound hook with secondary teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0E3E4C08AEE556ECE5222C35F9D4F856" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17D</figureCitation>
). Arm and disc concealed by less dense, wider, and short granular ossicles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2F639817704E6A756F7177CC8F1E82AF" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17E</figureCitation>
). Vertebrae with streptospondylous articulation, dorsally a median longitudinal furrow, ventrally with deep median longitudinal groove with lateral ambulacral canals, podial basins relatively small (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17F-J</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6A04670DD489893614F78F809040FF00" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Asteroschema cf. lissum H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0079) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal) C outer arm spine (middle) D arm spine (distal) E skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles) F-J vertebrae F proximal view G distal view H lateral view I dorsal view J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (F-J); 500 µm (A, C); 300 µm (B, D); 200 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">17F-J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">Asteroschema cf. lissum</taxonomicName>
<caption id="2C65620D0A5554666253E430EE272923" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665893" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph id="DA9529294383CBC969C19FD51862E89D" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="A190D5799FED51095C7EE6884321A62D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EC24A6B1000B2C8E3FCBD017D1DDC0E1" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">Asteroschema cf. lissum</taxonomicName>
H. L. Clark, 1939 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0079)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D17F54806BE20BFEA618D0C93F1576EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
lateral arm plate (external, internal)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22A2C265F9631137A0801E1237AFCE5D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
outer arm spine (middle)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="78C2996F5FE1B5CDED19255E0E274B9E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
arm spine (distal)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D7778842EA9188C346A11F64F2E2FE48" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
skin from dorsal arm base (granular ossicles)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E8563BBE99915D6F24B4DC483D82566F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
vertebrae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
<emphasis id="44B5345842806FAD7556885C50D9B326" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
proximal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="24215C1517225EB32704AC1EF46CE0BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
distal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9AB646B897188587FE802E984581346A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
<emphasis id="14A8FAC7DDCD4F7299E42A78D22B3E42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
<emphasis id="46A77F777214E5E470B75774A8CB7DA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
ventral view. Abbreviations:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">d</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5D0930A93925FCA91706A2DE26E01F8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">d</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">dist</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CDC90775F2F0906907CE537E1A469183" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">dist</emphasis>
distal,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">lac</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D3D19B08B1EC22C6C126BE05581F9EE1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">lac</emphasis>
lateral ambulacral canals,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">mo</emphasis>
<emphasis id="441E9AB914E55E9A0B0120C04504E1DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">mo</emphasis>
muscle opening,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">no</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1FB4E7ADA56C162AD76FB65DEA588C85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">no</emphasis>
nerve opening,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">pb</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FF724161A1E33C5049C070DA1CBAF18D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">pb</emphasis>
podial basin,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">prox</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3931ADF7A657D0E217EF16FFE7FDBF9C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">prox</emphasis>
proximal,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">st</emphasis>
<emphasis id="67D164251B92B7F0A823AFF7ED2A9576" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">st</emphasis>
secondary teeth,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">v</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D210020B10261A8F024841E59F67705C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">v</emphasis>
ventral. Scale bars: 800
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7B5E3AE2992D29B4BEB51EE00D10B943" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0656497023523F4BEC00E98F54CE793F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
); 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B553328C6552E6C37C87A366DD613197" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E3CC6F1175FFBF824B6E3A77F08CE0C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, C</emphasis>
); 300
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BCB562CAD3F548E9B2286F518D447D66" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B, D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="336B480C2A459E363BA1A80083CFCD31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B, D</emphasis>
); 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5CE005021CE3BCF109EA8C6DFF249840" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E5DE4590D6210C1613977170A36CD8C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">797-1515 m depth. Maldives, South China Sea, Northwest Pacific.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="05603C60725D93DBFF282BFA583141F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6CEB6AD1BACE012EAF4C8F13804CBAD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="606E0D46A96693B3158E98C33050B743" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">797-1515 m depth. Maldives, South China Sea, Northwest Pacific.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema lissum</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="33D71664B1BEF6F3149C78B922AB3603" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="491F4D72A71D073F8E49F24A8C9D4298" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFBD2AABC316A2C43D730EADC007DA8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="8FCB1584D0DFB55310185F5E5B5A15B1" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis id="DA14466B1748A56E58980A0FD99E72C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema lissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described by H. L.
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" refId="B12" refString="Clark, HL, 1939. Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports from the John Murray Exp. 1933-34 6: 29-136." title="Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports from the John Murray Exp. 1933 - 34 6: 29 - 136." year="1939">Clark (1939)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="502FE80B1AE34CFB9903FB6772130426" author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" refId="B12" refString="Clark, HL, 1939. Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports from the John Murray Exp. 1933-34 6: 29-136." title="Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports from the John Murray Exp. 1933 - 34 6: 29 - 136." year="1939">Clark (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, with type locality Maldives waters in the Indian Ocean. This is the first redescription after the original description. The specimens from our collection were close to H. L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Clarks">Clark's</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4805E7E6C51E4E8EE06CD950D6A89BF8" originalValue="Clarks">Clark's</normalizedToken>
description but we noticed some differences, such as: characters of radial shields, and granular ossicles at ventral disc and base of arm. We hesitate to fully associate our specimens with
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema lissum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C097A2E28113EDE47914E39B34B53BA6" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis id="15C68440CBDD806BCF8CE1F2D1B47A51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema lissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or propose a new species, due to uncertainty of these morphological variations. Some of these variations may be affected by size, maturity, and environment (holotype disc diameter 7.5 mm).
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema lissum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="042808D5A0070FE92ABB2748C701FBEF" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1939" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema lissum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis id="B031ECADFD76CE7D617CE81EF50D5002" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema lissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strongly resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. hemigymnum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="hemigymnum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. hemigymnum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="55E4308AE191C5DF065D93E7C33900BB" lsidName="A. hemigymnum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="hemigymnum">
<emphasis id="56F28F28BBC4FDE8E8B10FB7B5E17E28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. hemigymnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. intectum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="intectum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. intectum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="765F29B2838338085CF4E311D5309179" lsidName="A. intectum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="intectum">
<emphasis id="879214C9F22B4D2E347ACCDA8CE81618" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. intectum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sublaeve" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="sublaeve">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. sublaeve</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4D1E3BDDBCD2A81F7FFB754D6BAD49A5" lsidName="A. sublaeve" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="sublaeve">
<emphasis id="765906E29C4C9FFEA1F09F0373281EBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. sublaeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having similar granular density, and almost naked ventral disc and arms but differs in characters of the radial shields, start of second arm spine, granulation pattern on the disc and arm (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="78788B76A1F89141C638DB2C4B077D4A" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
). This is the first record of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. lissum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. lissum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D16FE3AA607AFAEE2BA649D6C08BB548" lsidName="A. lissum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="lissum">
<emphasis id="B4FDF83365C6FAA0B1F0856D71C7ACB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. lissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the South China Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, if it is indeed this species.
</paragraph>

View file

@ -1,99 +1,99 @@
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New record.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7851379BB4395DC61F3D0795B85A14B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New record.</paragraph>
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La Gomera. El Cedro, Garajonay National Park (
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<geoCoordinate id="BB3057D403F38CA76C1E38EB9E50EA34" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.03" value="28.12362">28°7'25.03&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
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, 966 m a.s.l.; new grid (500
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, 966 m a.s.l.; new grid (500
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500 m) for El Cedro in the Biodiversity Data Bank of the Canary Islands (BDBC)), 2 exx, 17 March 2017, GEEI (Grupo de
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y
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en Islas) leg. (IPNA-CSIC); Teselinde (
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,
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, 744 m a.s.l.), 2 exx, 18 March 2017, GEEI leg. (IPNA-CSIC).
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The speciose genus
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laparocerus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25918B2462F879FD64E7AA435E2936D7" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laparocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laparocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADCC972C18AE19F72141E651B54E9603" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laparocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes one species from South Morocco and 221 taxa endemic either to Madeira or the Canary Islands (Machado, 2018), several of them having adapted to the different habitats of the underground as lava tubes, the MSS and the soil (
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Academia Canaria de las Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 18" publicationUrl="http://www.antoniomachado.net/wp-content/uploads/2018-laparocerus-federico-nueva-especie-hipogea.pdf" refId="B17" refString="Machado, A, 2018. Laparocerus federico n. sp. nueva especie hipogea de la isla de Gran Canaria (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). Revista de la Academia Canaria de las Ciencias 30: 9 - 18, http://www.antoniomachado.net/wp-content/uploads/2018-laparocerus-federico-nueva-especie-hipogea.pdf" title="Laparocerus federico n. sp. nueva especie hipogea de la isla de Gran Canaria (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)." url="http://www.antoniomachado.net/wp-content/uploads/2018-laparocerus-federico-nueva-especie-hipogea.pdf" volume="30" year="2018">Machado 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2993F54CF7EF607B905F2BDD24639317" author="Machado, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Academia Canaria de las Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 18" publicationUrl="http://www.antoniomachado.net/wp-content/uploads/2018-laparocerus-federico-nueva-especie-hipogea.pdf" refId="B17" refString="Machado, A, 2018. Laparocerus federico n. sp. nueva especie hipogea de la isla de Gran Canaria (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). Revista de la Academia Canaria de las Ciencias 30: 9 - 18, http://www.antoniomachado.net/wp-content/uploads/2018-laparocerus-federico-nueva-especie-hipogea.pdf" title="Laparocerus federico n. sp. nueva especie hipogea de la isla de Gran Canaria (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)." url="http://www.antoniomachado.net/wp-content/uploads/2018-laparocerus-federico-nueva-especie-hipogea.pdf" volume="30" year="2018">Machado 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The prospection of MSS and soil in La Gomera has provided new locations for
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L. oromii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oromii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. oromii</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EB2967C51239091F707C1A0570348343" lsidName="L. oromii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oromii">
<emphasis id="E0E7709490663FB85CD42DF71865356D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. oromii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on this island, one of them being the first location reported for this species outside Garajonay National Park.
</paragraph>

View file

@ -1,79 +1,79 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:07F84B1B9D4FAD32139DD6932FE7B0EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07F84B1B9D4FAD32139DD6932FE7B0EE" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Spinolyprops_maculatus" authority="Kulzer, 1954" authorityName="Kulzer" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Spinolyprops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinolyprops maculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Spinolyprops maculatus Kulzer, 1954</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="07F84B1B9D4FAD32139DD6932FE7B0EE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:07F84B1B9D4FAD32139DD6932FE7B0EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07F84B1B9D4FAD32139DD6932FE7B0EE" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" scope_family="Tenebrionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="DC04DD927E7169736FA83B4A4ED43F83" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4288ED96800D17FC7FCF593F3EFFBE2F" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="A6ED6EC7294307F30EE737DAB04973B8" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Spinolyprops_maculatus" authority="Kulzer, 1954" authorityName="Kulzer" authorityYear="1954" genus="Spinolyprops" lsidName="Spinolyprops maculatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="maculatus">Spinolyprops maculatus Kulzer, 1954</taxonomicName>
Figs 822
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="type specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Type specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Sri Lanka, Colombo, III.1953, leg. G. Frey, holotype and 1 paratype NHMB (Frey collection), 2 paratypes HNHM.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="36B870DA1CF0AF10F7D6A7DE0C0DE3B5" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="type specimens examined">
<paragraph id="688024A3EA008F18649FFE7934B37599" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Type specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C398BD9E9C2621696C35C5462211F422" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Sri Lanka, Colombo, III.1953, leg. G. Frey, holotype and 1 paratype NHMB (Frey collection), 2 paratypes HNHM.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="new material">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">New material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="4A4941ACF27D0D12DC688FB1686A9738" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="new material">
<paragraph id="B36C88B948CB9B6108A4FAC47D53E3EE" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">New material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82DED9FE7FFBD92E5DBA664537267E56" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
Sri Lanka, Uva, Diyaluma Falls, 400 m, 23.I.1970, leg. C. Besuchet, I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="35DED1104CA735F1F369EAB5945E12A6" originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
&amp; R. Mussard, 3 ex. MHNG, 1 ex. SMNS. - Sri Lanka, Uva, Monaragala, 300 m, 13.II.1970, leg. C. Besuchet, I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7ED3346065AEFEB159F986CE10E153F2" originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
&amp; R. Mussard, 1 ex. HNHM. - Sri Lanka, Uva, S Wellawaya, 300 m, 25.I.1970, leg. C. Besuchet, I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B28DEE7F4AE351798707421CE601AFC7" originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
&amp; R. Mussard, 1ex. HNHM. - Sri Lanka, Periyapullumalai, 11.II.1970, leg. C. Besuchet, I.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9DE9B071F85B59CC0FA0A402765CA763" originalValue="Löbl">Loebl</normalizedToken>
&amp; R. Mussard, 1 ex. HNHM. - Sri Lanka, Kandy, 18.III.1973, leg. G. Zimmermann, 1 ex. SMNS. - S Burma (labelled as Tenasserim), no additional data, 1 ex. HNHM (det. Kaszab).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="69E5944D39CDE07DC82B8779522A5A2C" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="D494CE7D9CB3076C71DD6271D070A751" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9181CDF14EEF17E9C4276EE4965171C" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
The specimen from Tenasserim was already published by
<bibRefCitation author="Kaszab, Z" journalOrPublisher="Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="111 - 129" title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der von Dr. F. Schmid in Indien gesammelten Tenebrioniden (Coleoptera)." volume="2" year="1965">Kaszab (1965)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7E00E8CDC7D2C0349BFD2DDB7E12577E" author="Kaszab, Z" journalOrPublisher="Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="111 - 129" title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der von Dr. F. Schmid in Indien gesammelten Tenebrioniden (Coleoptera)." volume="2" year="1965">Kaszab (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. This specimen clearly belongs to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Spinolyprops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinolyprops maculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Spinolyprops maculatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C73074FAE49DFFC3AF2D453C719E0FF" genus="Spinolyprops" lsidName="Spinolyprops maculatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="maculatus">Spinolyprops maculatus</taxonomicName>
and shares with the specimens from Sri Lanka the elytral colour pattern apically with an arrow-shaped dark element (Fig. 8). It is the only specimen of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Spinolyprops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinolyprops maculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Spinolyprops maculatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E3617BCB8B832E7305CFB14731607485" genus="Spinolyprops" lsidName="Spinolyprops maculatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="maculatus">Spinolyprops maculatus</taxonomicName>
out of Sri Lanka, so probably it was mislabelled (and is not mapped herein).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="E0A093D534DE76FE4A0702B05E6DE5F7" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3505C908DFFD82B2C940EF567D8210B6" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86E15FB6C1C38956737BA2AF25F12DF" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
Sri Lanka (type locality),? S Burma (
<bibRefCitation author="Kaszab, Z" journalOrPublisher="Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="111 - 129" title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der von Dr. F. Schmid in Indien gesammelten Tenebrioniden (Coleoptera)." volume="2" year="1965">Kaszab 1965</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="92BAAB44DB8C8B30571AC43A7EC12C6B" author="Kaszab, Z" journalOrPublisher="Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="111 - 129" title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der von Dr. F. Schmid in Indien gesammelten Tenebrioniden (Coleoptera)." volume="2" year="1965">Kaszab 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>