diff --git a/data/03/9D/87/039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B.xml b/data/03/9D/87/039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c51c37b46b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/9D/87/039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,223 @@ +<document id="8C6DD30CC956EAF1FD72975AE295560E" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5412924" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1630355577248" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Long, Feng-Yao, Qin, Li-Wu, Xiao, Yuan-Pin, Hyde, Kevin D., Wang, Shao-Xian & Wen, Ting-Chi" docDate="2021" docId="039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.478.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 478 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ophiocordyceps vespulae F. Y. Long, Y. P. Xiao & T. C. Wen 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFA4FFBBBA12FFA4FC76A219FFD1BA4D" masterDocTitle="Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species, Ophiocordyceps vespulae, from Jilin Province, China" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1731345863498" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED"> +<mods:mods id="0E7880A5DBB00747E8C8F5E59C62E9F6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="2E90652C77DBB31F57F19617F2693D89"> +<mods:title id="88C6EFA2E7BFA1D72D4252D2F77C0A0C">Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species, Ophiocordyceps vespulae, from Jilin Province, China</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="B1BF8D6027FBF0E35AB2C8CB1F086488" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="235C64E1B53AEC50467E5D63579139EB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="BA7F430FFBE7EAC92C2B5543FBE955E1">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="76E9E4F81803EF6FF8F9A8491412DF75">Long, Feng-Yao</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C8668FABB3C63362539B575CAF7CDCD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5818-694X</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="BB8A3BCEFF8D02B61614D6CEB27B1675">School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China. & The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.</mods:affiliation> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="534146FCA4FE1094A5B71A836B803E20" type="email">282512635@qq.com</mods:nameIdentifier> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="397F7FA3B956F7F389FE13BA8BE683D0" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="CEF9359FF0D1CD8673F7CAC928AC15B9"> +<mods:roleTerm id="8F07AC710727894BECFB51D33EA59E70">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="D79A9883587D65FC2819680550780022">Qin, Li-Wu</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C56149B82138EAE3914E2E9F4D942E4" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5586-2885</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="6625849E42B2264A644B4A8EBC2F9269">Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences, Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Biocoenosis & Biodiversity, Erdaobaihe 133613, Jilin, China.</mods:affiliation> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="26B9A3F90342BFC08523327BC916A6A6" type="email">278778656@qq.com</mods:nameIdentifier> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="15C2AF4C680C912ADAED5EA5B3711A28" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="83DB322F0B79073DE64CB0EFD203002B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4D7283310B67E1BA639930D6D2B583C4">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="DE29615D6268ACC9D8D53C5E9E057894">Xiao, Yuan-Pin</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="836F77F51E6B3E63A00D166ADE528CE1" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1730-3545</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="6361C62266BEDA39D16293F527E93C1A">The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China. & Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand.</mods:affiliation> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="4B2309D0EB60C1BFF1F99EF8AB13B806" type="email">emmaypx@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="EE4255F3C801414CD798A2E68D92BE36" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="1ED2EDEA1D48BE6CC2B3BBFD853DB679"> +<mods:roleTerm id="FC5F58C4A324E6DE4B21AFF111AE866A">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="15D960903F3EE2D75DCE4B90BF313D4C">Hyde, Kevin D.</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="01165B0A3AEA58883415BE80316F1AD3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2191-0762</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="F89BAA400C1221F8DF97F327507D7A9F">Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand.</mods:affiliation> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="A6B1DD0CC506D1B9BFC6AE59D744DD61" type="email">kdhyde3@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier> +</mods:name> +<mods:name 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id="C70DCAD8B86033BAD2F49756A6FEDF7C"> +<mods:date id="9432A36CCBAA41B625FC60026A059D1C">2021</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="52661DAEC5739ED7D2291E63B69EC1B3" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="40F4B47ABC19EACDF644FBAD941E2F98">2021-01-05</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="CA43B4550BD0D0F6D9631A01E505A60B" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="AEAE2D341EE12E5B1600225BF3747D6A">478</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="D3065E90E5810D1BDA41535CF1DF1764" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="946E6E478F956E1D75234CED9566609D">1</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="71272BBD52F54D44FA5B9A056B9528A3" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="4C767A300902E780611B26EF5176242E">33</mods:start> +<mods:end id="91BDBE4F369B0D72241767E67E2024FD">48</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:location id="01765474A1CB38831371F0F2E74471D7"> +<mods:url id="00A5A612F0BF2BA5BB64A542625F307B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.2</mods:url> +</mods:location> +<mods:classification id="D9E7EE39EDCD24127CDD717FC985828A">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="7D4F1E4AF4B401D13758B9D496F94DB1" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.2</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="F28D9D2CBD475ACD2DB1419CDF04A6A3" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="DF36CCA6303A1EBFA1B657FD4BBC7DA7" type="Zenodo-Dep">5412924</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<subSubSection id="C32E655EBA10FFA6FCFEA62DFC0FBE03" box="[136,990,1076,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8B8B36D5BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFC0FBE03" blockId="2.[136,990,1076,1139]" box="[136,990,1076,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<taxonomicName id="4C344D56BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFCF0BE02" ID-CoL="CBLCC" authority="F.Y. Long, Y.P. Xiao & T.C. Wen" authorityName="F. Y. Long, Y. P. Xiao & T. C. Wen" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,801,1076,1103]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vespulae" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFE79BE03" box="[136,424,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Ophiocordyceps vespulae</emphasis> +F.Y. Long, Y.P. Xiao & T.C. Wen +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27357BCBA10FFA6FF5AA62CFC53BE02" box="[812,898,1077,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" rank="species"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FF5AA62CFCAABE03" box="[812,891,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">sp. nov</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +( +<figureCitation id="130F2A50BA10FFA6FFE4A62DFC04BE03" box="[914,981,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[458,1129,857,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-344@4.[458,1129,857,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. a. Overview of the stromata and the host. b. Fertile head. c. Longitudinal section showing the complete immersed perithecia. d. Ascomata. e–f. Part asci with apical cap. g–i. Part of ascospores. j, k. Secondary ascospores. l. Upper side of PDA culture. m. Hyphae in PDA culture. Scale bars a = 1 cm, b, c, l = 2 mm, d = 1 mm, e = 100 µm, f, m = 50 µm, g–i = 20 µm, j–k =10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5412928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5412928/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation> +) +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C32E655EBA10FFA6FCFEA641FC73BE3F" box="[136,930,1112,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8B8B36D5BA10FFA6FCFEA641FC73BE3F" blockId="2.[136,990,1076,1139]" box="[136,930,1112,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FCFEA641FE71BE3F" box="[136,416,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Index Fungorum number</emphasis> +: IF556626; +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FE5CA641FCCBBE3F" box="[554,794,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Facesoffungi number</emphasis> +: FoF 06237 +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C32E655EBA10FFA6FCFEA6BDFCA0BEF4" box="[136,881,1188,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8B8B36D5BA10FFA6FCFEA6BDFCA0BEF4" blockId="2.[136,881,1188,1245]" box="[136,881,1188,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FCFEA6BDFEC6BEF4" bold="true" box="[136,279,1188,1209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +Etymology: +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FC89A6BDFEC6BEF4" bold="true" box="[255,279,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">—</emphasis> +</emphasis> +The specific epithet refers to the host ( +<taxonomicName id="4C344D56BA10FFA6FEFFA6BDFD05BEF4" box="[649,724,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FEFFA6BDFD05BEF4" box="[649,724,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Vespula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C344D56BA10FFA6FEA9A6BDFCB7BEF4" box="[735,870,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C32E655EBA10FFA6FCFEA6D1FE48BE90" box="[136,409,1224,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="8B8B36D5BA10FFA6FCFEA6D1FE48BE90" blockId="2.[136,881,1188,1245]" box="[136,409,1224,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FCFEA6D1FED4BE90" bold="true" box="[136,261,1224,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<typeStatus id="548F8877BA10FFA6FCFEA6D1FF38BE90" box="[136,233,1224,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +: +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FC9BA6D1FED4BE90" bold="true" box="[237,261,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">—</emphasis> +</emphasis> +GACP2017079 +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C32E655EBA10FFA6FCFEA715FC0CBC27" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8B8B36D5BA10FFA6FCFEA715FBA3BC6F" blockId="2.[136,1452,1292,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FCFEA715FE84BF6B" bold="true" box="[136,341,1292,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +Sexual morph: +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FD4FA715FE84BF6B" box="[313,341,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">—</emphasis> +</emphasis> +Host 1.5–2 × +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6FD98A715FD88BF6A" box="[494,601,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 cm</quantity> +, brown. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FECDA715FCF0BF6B" box="[699,801,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Stromata</emphasis> +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6FF5EA715FCAABF6A" box="[808,891,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 cm</quantity> +long, +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6FFB4A715FBE5BF6A" box="[962,1076,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1 mm</quantity> +diam., single or double, stipitate, unbranched or branched into 2 fertile heads, arising from the head and thorax of insect. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6F811A729FB4EBF07" box="[1127,1183,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Stipe</emphasis> +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6F8D1A729FADEBF06" box="[1191,1295,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="4.25" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="2.0">2–6.5 cm</quantity> +long, +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6F921A729FF65BF22" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity> +diam., yellow, fibrous, cylindrical, often flexuous, with a fertile apex. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FF9FA74DFBA4BF23" box="[1001,1141,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fertile head</emphasis> +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6F8F6A74DFB3BBF22" box="[1152,1258,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 cm</quantity> +long, +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6F941A74DFA7DBF22" box="[1335,1452,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity> +diam., single, cylindrical or elliptical, pale yellow. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FEBDA761FCE8BFDF" box="[715,825,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Ascomata</emphasis> +520–720 × 200–380 μm (= 596 × 260 µm, n = 30), immersed, pale to yellowish, elongated flask-shaped. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FEA9A785FCDEBFFB" box="[735,783,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Asci</emphasis> +320–570 × 5.3–7.5 μm (= 454 × 5.8 µm, n = 60), narrow cylindrical, apex thickened, hyaline; apical cap 6.2–7.9 × 3.4–5.4 μm (= 7.0 × 4.0 µm, n = 60), hyaline. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6F95BA7D9FA7DBF97" box="[1325,1452,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Ascospores</emphasis> +almost as long as asci, filiform, hyaline, easily breaking into part-spores. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FFB6A7FDFB68BFB3" box="[960,1209,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Secondary ascospores</emphasis> +7.5–11.5 × 1.5–3 μm (= 9.1 × 2.1 µm, n = 90), fusiform, hyaline, smooth. +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FE82A411FC01BC6F" bold="true" box="[756,976,1544,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +Asexual morph: +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FFC2A411FC01BC6F" bold="true" box="[948,976,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">—</emphasis> +</emphasis> +undetermined. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8B8B36D5BA10FFA6FCCBA435FC0CBC27" blockId="2.[136,1452,1292,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FCCBA435FE22BC0B" bold="true" box="[189,499,1580,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Culture characteristics:—</emphasis> +on PDA reaching +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6FEC1A435FD3CBC0A" box="[695,749,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity> +diam. after 6 weeks at 25 °C, superficial cottony, white, reverse yellow; after 10 weeks at 25 °C, reaching +<quantity id="4CCC9B30BA10FFA6FE29A449FD71BC26" box="[607,672,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity> +diam., no conidia observed. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C32E655EBA10FFA6FCCBA46DFEECBC9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="8B8B36D5BA10FFA6FCCBA46DFEECBC9B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1292,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6FCCBA46DFE10BCC3" bold="true" box="[189,449,1652,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Material examined:—</emphasis> +<materialsCitation id="3B5C3C88BA10FFA6FDB7A46DFEE9BC9B" collectedFrom="collected from the underside of leaf litter" collectingDate="2013-07-30" collectionCode="GACP" collectorName="Fan YG" country="China" location="Changbai Mountain" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="GACP2017079" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jilin Province" typeStatus="holotype"> +<collectingCountry id="F3237645BA10FFA6FDB7A46DFDCCBCC3" box="[449,541,1652,1678]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">CHINA</collectingCountry> +. +<collectingRegion id="49F0F837BA10FFA6FE52A46DFD11BCC3" box="[548,704,1652,1678]" country="China" name="Jilin" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Jilin Province</collectingRegion> +: +<location id="8EEB600EBA10FFA6FEB0A46DFC74BCC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87C3BA10FFA6FCFEA62DFEECBC9B:8EEB600EBA10FFA6FEB0A46DFC74BCC3" box="[710,933,1652,1678]" country="China" name="Changbai Mountain" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Jilin Province">Changbai Mountain</location> +, parasitic on wasps ( +<taxonomicName id="4C344D56BA10FFA6F808A46DFB29BCC3" box="[1150,1272,1652,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B940EAC7BA10FFA6F808A46DFB04BCC3" box="[1150,1237,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Vespula</emphasis> +sp. +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C344D56BA10FFA6F975A46CFA71BCC2" box="[1283,1440,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName> +), +<collectedFrom id="38287528BA10FFA6FCFEA481FDB1BCFF" box="[136,608,1688,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">collected from the underside of leaf litter</collectedFrom> +, +<date id="FF8A1015BA10FFA6FE1BA481FCD5BCFF" box="[621,772,1688,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2013-07-30"> +<collectingDate id="EFCEE9FDBA10FFA6FE1BA481FCD5BCFF" box="[621,772,1688,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" value="2013-07-30">30 July 2013</collectingDate> +</date> +, +<collectorName id="26C15303BA10FFA6FF67A480FCBABCFF" box="[785,875,1688,1715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fan YG</collectorName> +( +<specimenCode id="DB929EAEBA10FFA6FF0AA481FBFFBCFF" box="[892,1070,1688,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">GACP2017079</specimenCode> +, +<typeStatus id="548F8877BA10FFA6F84CA481FB70BCFE" box="[1082,1185,1688,1715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +); ex-type living culture +<collectionCode id="ED25AE10BA10FFA6FCFEA4A5FF05BC9B" box="[136,212,1724,1750]" collectionName="GACP" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">GACP</collectionCode> +2017064 +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF889B2962077DB6FCC7FDCC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF889B2962077DB6FCC7FDCC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1e6abe68113 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF889B2962077DB6FCC7FDCC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,464 @@ +<document id="E41807E026D67C9775D2880CE3CBFEB9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF889B2962077DB6FCC7FDCC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Strophocaulon" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="B3C2CE66DC6FFE8C8B9EDB1114B8C63E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="6C1174290D628B0EE62CFB37BE22C565"> +<mods:title id="EC8736A1DDBB4EE4CA141769C399A6D7">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="CBFD2714ED227A7D65B7F6A9604A66D8" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="4A705F3B8D4FA0DB35B03BDAFF137DDD"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6CA4254DACBEA4500C3C9E9F6C1D5B98">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0C64A022333A14233070E98924B0DE39">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7E5E752BEE16599C04749B0CAE2E60FF" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="CCE84B735217B609A4087BFA496B945B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6D1DB7EE4978DEBFF7115B730BD6912F">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C22888BDFC83F72AC5FB659364207FF4">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="B8AABE41039EC46C781F374C544FBBD0">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="4297C210B9DC391D468BE72A378390E8"> +<mods:dateIssued id="81F295237765E330D7CBB800BDC49475">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="FF3DBFED534059106B9B0FADE49C1C6A">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="5E8EC812AC5A7E6BF797997C17708BB5"> +<mods:placeTerm id="A4A2D0FD21D35C58D86830DA4EBEFF59">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="4359D593D2F553B604E44E50F9BD6801">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FF889B2962077DB6FCC7FDCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FF889B2962077DB6FCC7FDCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FF889B2962077DB6FCC7FDCC" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A62077DB6FC8AFEA2" box="[556,813,255,281]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A62077DB6FC8AFEA2" blockId="97.[121,1191,255,317]" box="[556,813,255,281]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFF889B2A62077DB6FC8AFEA2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[556,813,255,281]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A62077DB6FC8AFEA2" ID-CoL="8RTWY" box="[556,813,255,281]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62077DB6FC8AFEA2" bold="true" box="[556,813,255,281]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">STROPHOCAULON</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A60527C61FDE3FE87" box="[121,580,295,317]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A60527C61FDE3FE87" blockId="97.[121,1191,255,317]" box="[121,580,295,317]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A60527C61FE41FE86" authority="S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." box="[121,486,295,317]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60527C61FEA9FE86" bold="true" box="[121,270,296,317]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61C67C6EFDE3FE87" bold="true" box="[493,580,295,316]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF889B2A61C67C6EFDE3FE87" box="[493,580,295,316]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A626F7C62FB00FE87" box="[580,1191,298,316]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A626F7C62FB00FE87" blockId="97.[121,1191,255,317]" box="[580,1191,298,316]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF889B2A627D7C62FDD2FE80" box="[598,629,299,315]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF889B2A627D7C62FDD2FE80" box="[598,629,299,315]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A62557C63FC86FE80" box="[638,801,298,315]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62557C63FC86FE80" box="[638,801,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF889B2A636F7C62FCE9FE87" box="[836,846,299,316]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF889B2A637A7C62FCF8FE87" box="[849,863,299,316]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Fawc.& +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF889B2A63837C62FC11FE87" box="[936,950,299,316]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF889B2A63927C62FC61FE87" box="[953,966,299,316]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">R</collectionCode> +.Sm. [= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A63D47C63FB29FE80" box="[1023,1166,298,315]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A63D47C63FB29FE80" box="[1023,1166,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Polypodium unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L.] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A60B27C19FD62FEDA" box="[153,709,336,353]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A60B27C19FD62FEDA" blockId="97.[153,709,336,353]" box="[153,709,336,353]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +For additional species synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF889B2A61987C19FD8CFEDA" author="Holttum" box="[435,555,336,353]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="97" pageNumber="87" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF889B2A621A7C19FDC5FEDA" author="Holttum" box="[561,610,336,353]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, 1978, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF889B2A62BF7C19FD1CFEDA" author="Holttum" box="[660,699,336,353]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A60527C3EFD63FE17" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A60527C3EFD63FE17" blockId="97.[121,1251,375,1804]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60527C3EFF5EFE37" box="[121,249,375,396]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61347C3EFECBFE37" box="[287,364,375,396]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">strophos</emphasis> +, twisted cord + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62277C3EFDEEFE37" box="[524,585,375,396]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">caulon</emphasis> +, stem, in reference to the tortuous, long-creeping subterranean rhizomes ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF889B2A60E87CD1FEB5FE16" box="[195,274,408,429]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[121,129,1704,1724]" captionTargetBox="[118,1248,161,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-8@29.[115,1248,154,1660]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 10.Strophocaulon unitum, Fawcett 641 (VT),A.pinna lobes,abaxial view.B. rhizome.C.laminar apex." pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60E87CD1FEB5FE16" bold="true" box="[195,274,408,429]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Fig. 10B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), which distinguish it from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A62307CDEFD18FE17" box="[539,703,407,428]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62307CDEFD18FE17" box="[539,703,407,428]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A60837CF1FCC9FBB6" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A60837CF1FCC9FBB6" blockId="97.[121,1251,375,1804]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +Plants terrestrial, forming colonies in open sites, medium to large, to> 1.2 m tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A639B7CF1FBA9FE76" bold="true" box="[944,1038,440,461]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">rhizomes</emphasis> +thick (5+ mm), black, long-creeping, and subterranean, with internodes to 7+ cm long ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF889B2A62C27C91FC9EFE56" box="[745,825,472,493]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[121,129,1704,1724]" captionTargetBox="[118,1248,161,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-8@29.[115,1248,154,1660]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 10.Strophocaulon unitum, Fawcett 641 (VT),A.pinna lobes,abaxial view.B. rhizome.C.laminar apex." pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62C27C91FC9EFE56" bold="true" box="[745,825,472,493]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Fig. 10B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), bearing stramineous to brown, lanceolate, sometimes tortuous scales with setose margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A626F7CB1FD20FDB6" bold="true" box="[580,647,504,525]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">fronds</emphasis> +arching to erect, monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A64517CB1FB12FDB6" bold="true" box="[1146,1205,504,525]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">stipes</emphasis> +dull brown to dull stramineous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61AE7F51FE5EFD97" bold="true" box="[389,505,535,557]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">stipe scales</emphasis> +lanceolate, stramineous, sometimes tortuous, bearing marginal setae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A64B47F5EFB46FD97" bold="true" box="[1183,1249,535,556]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to coriaceous, often bicolorous (drying paler below), often drying reddish-black adaxially, frond apex attenuate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A60857F1EFEADFDD7" box="[174,266,599,620]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60857F1EFEADFDD7" box="[174,266,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. invisum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or conform ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A61A57F1EFE43FDD7" box="[398,484,599,620]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61A57F1EFE43FDD7" box="[398,484,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF889B2A61C57F11FD98FDD6" box="[494,575,600,621]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[121,129,1704,1724]" captionTargetBox="[118,1248,161,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-8@29.[115,1248,154,1660]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 10.Strophocaulon unitum, Fawcett 641 (VT),A.pinna lobes,abaxial view.B. rhizome.C.laminar apex." pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61C57F11FD98FDD6" bold="true" box="[494,575,600,621]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Fig. 10C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), frond base with pinnae abruptly reduced ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A63F47F1EFB93FDD7" box="[991,1076,599,620]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A63F47F1EFB93FDD7" box="[991,1076,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), with many pairs of pinnae reduced to auricles (sometimes only a few mm long), each subtended by an aerophore (auricles rarely lacking; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF889B2A60527FD1FF5AFD16" author="Hayashi" box="[121,253,664,685]" firstAuthor="Hayashi" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" pagination="287 - 292" part="346" refId="ref109211" refString="HAYASHI, T., M. SULEIMAN, H. OKADA, & H. TSUKAYA. 2018. A new variety of fern from Borneo, Sphaerostephanos unitus var. dimorphophylla (Thelypteridaceae). Phytotaxa 346: 287 - 292." title="A new variety of fern from Borneo, Sphaerostephanos unitus var. dimorphophylla (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2018">Hayashi 2018</bibRefCitation> +), or blades truncate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A61ED7FDEFD84FD17" box="[454,547,663,684]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61ED7FDEFD84FD17" box="[454,547,663,684]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. invisum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A630A7FD1FCC0FD16" bold="true" box="[801,871,664,685]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">pinnae</emphasis> +sessile to short-petiolulate, pinna bases truncate or broadly cuneate, sometimes slightly dilated; margins sharply dentate to incised to 1/3 towards costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A64877FF1FB46FD76" bold="true" box="[1196,1249,696,717]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">veins</emphasis> +with at least one pair anastomosing at an angle <90 degrees, with an excurrent veinlet running to the sinus, with several pairs of veins forming areoles, running along a deep, narrow sinus membrane, lowest veins sometimes arising from costae, not from costules ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF889B2A61527E51FE6DFC96" box="[377,458,792,813]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[121,129,1704,1724]" captionTargetBox="[118,1248,161,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-8@29.[115,1248,154,1660]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 10.Strophocaulon unitum, Fawcett 641 (VT),A.pinna lobes,abaxial view.B. rhizome.C.laminar apex." pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61527E51FE6DFC96" bold="true" box="[377,458,792,813]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Fig. 10A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61F47E5EFDF7FC97" bold="true" box="[479,592,791,812]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">aerophores</emphasis> +inconspicuous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62C57E51FC1FFC96" bold="true" box="[750,952,792,813]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline, spreading, acicular hairs, these restricted to axes, or also present on laminar tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62E47E71FC33FCF6" bold="true" box="[719,916,824,845]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs present on all axes ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF889B2A60E67E11FEBAFCD6" box="[205,285,856,877]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[121,129,1704,1724]" captionTargetBox="[118,1248,161,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-8@29.[115,1248,154,1660]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 10.Strophocaulon unitum, Fawcett 641 (VT),A.pinna lobes,abaxial view.B. rhizome.C.laminar apex." pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60E67E11FEBAFCD6" bold="true" box="[205,285,856,877]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Fig. 10A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), frequently abundant on laminar tissue, often forming a tangled mat of whitish hairs along rachises, spherical yellow or brown glands present on laminar surface, restricted to veins, or glands absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A643C7E3EFBC9FC37" bold="true" box="[1047,1134,887,908]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A64927E31FB46FC36" bold="true" box="[1209,1249,888,909]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">sori</emphasis> +round, discrete or somewhat coalescent with age, supramedial to costular, indusia stramineous to dark brown, persistent, bearing superficial hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A619C7EF1FDBBFC76" bold="true" box="[439,540,952,973]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">sporangia</emphasis> +bearing spherical yellow glands ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A63757EFEFC13FC77" box="[862,948,951,972]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A63757EFEFC13FC77" box="[862,948,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or setulae ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A64067EFEFB2DFC77" box="[1069,1162,951,972]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A64067EFEFB2DFC77" box="[1069,1162,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. invisum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) on capsules; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60997E9EFF53FC57" bold="true" box="[178,244,983,1004]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">spores</emphasis> +brown, perine of low knobby ridges (Patel et. al. 2019a); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A632D7E9EFCB6FC57" box="[774,785,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">x</emphasis> += 36, only diploids known based on eight counts, representing both species. No intra- or intergeneric hybrids have been reported. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A6082795EFCD1F9F7" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A6082795EFCD1F9F7" blockId="97.[121,1251,375,1804]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A6082795EFEA4FB97" box="[169,259,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.—Although Holttum (1978) treated the two species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A633A795FFC32FB90" box="[785,917,1046,1067]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A633A795FFC32FB90" box="[785,917,1046,1067]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A6398795FFBF0FB90" box="[947,1111,1046,1067]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A6398795FFBF0FB90" box="[947,1111,1046,1067]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, he noted that they were unique in three respects. Unlike most +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A627D797FFCEFFBF6" box="[598,840,1078,1101]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A627D797FFD5CFBF0" box="[598,763,1078,1099]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +, which are narrowly restricted, both have broad geographic ranges, occur in open habitats (vs. forested habitats), and have long-creeping rhizomes (vs. generally short-creeping, suberect, or erect rhizomes). This last character is the most reliable for distinguishing +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A6477793FFB46FB30" box="[1116,1249,1142,1163]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A6477793FFB46FB30" box="[1116,1249,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A608579DFFEF5FB10" box="[174,338,1174,1195]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A608579DFFEF5FB10" box="[174,338,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Although at least three species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A628E79DFFCEEFB10" box="[677,841,1174,1195]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A628E79DFFCEEFB10" box="[677,841,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A637E79DEFBBDFB16" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[853,1050,1174,1197]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A637E79DEFC67FB10" box="[853,960,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. scandens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A640F79DEFF6AFB76" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austerus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A640F79DEFB2DFB17" box="[1060,1162,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. austerus</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A60D779FEFDB0FB76" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[252,535,1206,1229]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mundus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60D779FEFEFDFB70" box="[252,346,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S.mundus</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, may have long internodes, they have scandent, not subterranean rhizomes. As noted by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF889B2A60C57991FE37FB56" author="Holttum" box="[238,400,1240,1261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b)</bibRefCitation> +, three other species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A624C7991FCABFB56" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[615,780,1240,1261]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +share the coarse, long-creeping rhizomes, preference for open habitats, and tendency to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A61D279BEFDFAFAB7" box="[505,605,1271,1292]" form="large" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" rank="form">form large</taxonomicName> +colonies. These species have often been confused, because of their similar habit, widespread overlapping distributions, and problematic nomenclatural history. Among these, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A6455785FFF46FAF7" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A6455785FFF46FAF7" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Cyclosorus interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can be distinguished by scales on the abaxial costae of laminae, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A635E787FFB10FAF7" authority="(D. Don) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="D. Don" box="[885,1207,1334,1356]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A635E787FFBA1FAF0" box="[885,1030,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Christella arida</emphasis> +(D. Don) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A6052781FFE1EFAD7" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[121,441,1366,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harveyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A6052781FFEBAFAD0" box="[121,285,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Christella harveyi</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +both bear elongate or pear-shaped (vs. spherical) glands on abaxial laminae and often on sporangial stalks (characteristic of many species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A62A9783FFD7BFA30" box="[642,732,1398,1419]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62A9783FFD7BFA30" box="[642,732,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF889B2A62C9783EFD5BFA37" box="[738,764,1399,1420]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62C9783EFD50FA37" box="[738,759,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +), and sporangial capsules lacking both glands and setulae (vs. glands present in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A61B578DFFDC9FA17" box="[414,622,1430,1452]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61B578DFFDC9FA17" box="[414,622,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and setulae present in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A637078DFFB97FA17" box="[859,1072,1430,1452]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A637078DFFB97FA17" box="[859,1072,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon invisum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). As in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A64AB78DEFB7CFA17" box="[1152,1243,1431,1452]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A64AB78DEFB7CFA17" box="[1152,1243,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, bicolorous laminae abruptly reduced to many pairs of auriculate pinnae is a characteristic shared by species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A6052789EFEACFA57" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[121,267,1495,1516]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A6052789EFEACFA57" box="[121,267,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF889B2A613A789EFE8CFA57" box="[273,299,1495,1516]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A613A789EFE81FA57" box="[273,294,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, but these species frequently have pustulate laminae, always bear peg-like aerophores, and, when glands are present, they are colorless, not yellow or brown. Both yellowish glands and abruptly reduced, auriculate pinnae are commonly shared by +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A61BB7B5FFD93F990" box="[400,564,1558,1579]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61BB7B5FFD93F990" box="[400,564,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF889B2A62127B5EFDF3F997" box="[569,596,1559,1580]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62127B5EFDE8F997" box="[569,591,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, but the rhizome morphology remains the most reliable character to distinguish them, illustrating the importance of complete herbarium specimens. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF889B2A60827B1FFB73F8B7" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF889B2A60827B1FFB73F8B7" blockId="97.[121,1251,375,1804]" pageId="97" pageNumber="87"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60827B1FFE31F9D0" box="[169,406,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—Both species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A62607B1FFD68F9D0" box="[587,719,1622,1643]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62607B1FFD68F9D0" box="[587,719,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are widespread in the Paleotropics, and often occur in wet open areas, in partial sun, at low elevations; they frequently +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A62F97B3EFCC7F937" box="[722,864,1655,1676]" form="extensive" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" rank="form">form extensive</taxonomicName> +colonies near rivers or in disturbed sites, although +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A60FF7BDEFE8BF917" box="[212,300,1687,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A60FF7BDEFE8BF917" box="[212,300,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +reaches elevations of +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF889B2A61D67BDEFDEFF917" box="[509,584,1687,1708]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity> +in New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A62B37BDEFD46F917" box="[664,737,1687,1708]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Guinea</collectingCountry> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A62C17BDFFC12F917" box="[746,949,1686,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A62C17BDFFC12F917" box="[746,949,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distributed in East Africa, in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A60527BFEFF09F977" box="[121,174,1719,1740]" name="India" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">India</collectingCountry> +, throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A61007BFEFED0F977" box="[299,375,1719,1740]" name="Malaysia" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, and into the Pacific, including the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A62E57BFEFCCBF977" box="[718,876,1719,1740]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry> +, the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A63B07BFEFB9AF977" box="[923,1085,1719,1740]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A646D7BFEFB79F977" box="[1094,1246,1719,1740]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">New Caledonia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A60527B9EFF3BF957" box="[121,156,1751,1772]" name="Fiji" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Fiji</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A60FA7B9EFEB2F957" box="[209,277,1751,1772]" name="Samoa" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Samoa</collectingCountry> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A61357B9FFE52F957" box="[286,501,1750,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61357B9FFE52F957" box="[286,501,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Strophocaulon invisum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has a partially overlapping distribution. It is widespread in the Pacific, and reaches its western range limit in Sulawesi, extending southward into New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF889B2A63697BBEFC2FF8B7" box="[834,904,1783,1804]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Guinea</collectingCountry> +and Queensland ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF889B2A641F7BBEFB6EF8B7" author="Holttum" box="[1076,1225,1783,1804]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2960BA7DEBFCC7FDCC" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960BA7DEBFE7EFECC" blockId="98.[97,1226,161,631]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960BA7DEBFE4EFF0D" box="[145,489,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—Both species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29628C7DE8FC97FF0D" box="[679,816,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29628C7DE8FC97FF0D" box="[679,816,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2963D47DE8FB0DFF0D" box="[1023,1194,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2963D47DE8FB0DFF0D" box="[1023,1194,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B29604A7D8BFF5BFF6C" author="Holttum" box="[97,252,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B29612E7D8BFEE5FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[261,322,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, 1978, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2961AC7D8BFE1FFF6C" author="Holttum" box="[391,440,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), a genus with which they share several morphological features. Based on recent molecular analyses ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2961097DABFE63FF4C" author="Patel" box="[290,452,226,247]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962827DA8FC8AFF4D" box="[681,813,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962827DA8FC8AFF4D" box="[681,813,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distantly related to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2963D47DA8FB64FF4C" box="[1023,1219,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2963D47DA8FB04FF4D" box="[1023,1187,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Sphaerostephanos</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8B9B2964837DABFB64FF4C" box="[1192,1219,226,247]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, but has no close relatives; its two constituent species are on a long branch, with their position unresolved within the large christelloid clade. This clade includes +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962277C68FD30FE8D" box="[524,663,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962277C68FD34FE8D" box="[524,659,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Strophocaulon</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +plus two subclades, the pseudocyclosoroids ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29647E7C68FB65FE8D" box="[1109,1218,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29647E7C68FB65FE8D" box="[1109,1218,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29604A7C08FF4BFEED" box="[97,236,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7C08FF4BFEED" box="[97,236,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8B9B2960D97C0BFEABFEEC" box="[242,268,322,343]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960D97C0BFEA0FEEC" box="[242,263,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961337C08FED5FEED" box="[280,370,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961337C08FED5FEED" box="[280,370,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8B9B2961527C0BFE34FEEC" box="[377,403,322,343]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961527C0BFE29FEEC" box="[377,398,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961E27C08FDC0FEED" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[457,615,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961E27C08FDC0FEED" box="[457,615,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) and the sphaerostephanoids ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2963B97C08FBACFEED" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[914,1035,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2963B97C08FBACFEED" box="[914,1035,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8B9B29643A7C0BFB8CFEEC" box="[1041,1067,322,343]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29643A7C0BFB81FEEC" box="[1041,1062,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29641C7C0BFB6FFEEC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1079,1224,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29641C7C0BFB6FFEEC" box="[1079,1224,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8B9B29604A7C2BFFDBFECC" box="[97,124,354,375]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7C2BFFD1FECC" box="[97,118,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2960AD7C28FF51FECD" box="[134,246,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960AD7C28FF51FECD" box="[134,246,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961027C28FE6CFECD" box="[297,459,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961027C28FE6CFECD" box="[297,459,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960BA7CCBFCC7FDCC" blockId="98.[97,1226,161,631]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960BA7CCBFF63FE2C" box="[145,196,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Notes</emphasis> +.—Four varieties of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961A97CC8FDC2FE2C" box="[386,613,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961A97CC8FDC2FE2C" box="[386,613,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Sphaerostephanos unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have been described, but we make no combinations for them in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29604A7CE8FF42FE0D" box="[97,229,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7CE8FF42FE0D" box="[97,229,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, pending more detailed study of the variation among these plants throughout their wide range. These include the unlocalized +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8B9B2961787C8BFE26FE6C" box="[339,385,450,471]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961A77C8BFE56FE6C" box="[396,497,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="unitus" variety="unitus"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29619C7C8BFE56FE6C" box="[439,497,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which exhibits brownish glands on and between veins, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2964057C8BFEA1FE4C" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="unitus" variety="mucronatus"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2964727C8BFB6EFE6C" box="[1113,1225,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">mucronatus</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, which exhibits yellow glands restricted to veins, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962F77CABFC63FE4C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[732,964,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="unitus" variety="papilliferus"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29632F7CA8FCCBFE4D" box="[772,876,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">papilliferus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, which has no glands, but a papillose lamina, and is restricted to higher elevations of New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8B9B29629B7F4BFD5EFDAC" box="[688,761,514,535]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Guinea</collectingCountry> +, and lastly, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29634E7F4BFB62FDAC" authority="T. Hayashi et al." authorityName="T. Hayashi" box="[869,1221,513,535]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" rank="variety" variety="dimorphophyllus"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2963A67F48FB8FFDAD" box="[909,1064,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">dimorphophyllus</emphasis> +T. Hayashi et al. +</taxonomicName> +, which includes plants with fertile fronds bearing peg-like (non-laminar) aerophores, known from a single location in Borneo ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2960997F0BFECAFDEC" author="Hayashi" box="[178,365,578,599]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hayashi" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="287 - 292" part="346" refId="ref109211" refString="HAYASHI, T., M. SULEIMAN, H. OKADA, & H. TSUKAYA. 2018. A new variety of fern from Borneo, Sphaerostephanos unitus var. dimorphophylla (Thelypteridaceae). Phytotaxa 346: 287 - 292." title="A new variety of fern from Borneo, Sphaerostephanos unitus var. dimorphophylla (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2018">Hayashi et al. 2018</bibRefCitation> +). An unusual specimen from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8B9B2962A17F0BFD4CFDEC" box="[650,747,578,599]" name="Singapore" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Singapore</collectingCountry> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962DF7F0BFC22FDED" box="[756,901,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B2962DF7F0BFCACFDEC" box="[756,779,578,599]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode> +. Tan 2011174 +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B2963BA7F0BFC14FDEC" box="[913,947,578,599]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15545" name="University of Vermont" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">VT</collectionCode> +), has a subconform terminal pinna, pinnae incised 2/5, large indusia, and ruby red glands on abaxial laminae. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF899B2A604A793BFD70FF6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF899B2A604A793BFD70FF6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..929e007310c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF899B2A604A793BFD70FF6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +<document id="F2401E93375E16DF8B58EC3F9C4D2CF9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF899B2A604A793BFD70FF6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Steiropteris setulosa A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="9F12C1CF5E732F46111B0C848EBB8F89" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="251B3C3CDD4A2AE25376D559D9024678"> +<mods:title id="C8F1AD29205A48002B11CB0F7FE9D946">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="96222FD5D614D196F2CE72252EA1E11E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="6DE2CD5724A26B59E7D55AD139F48E4F"> +<mods:roleTerm id="D8EAB81580ED07C44CC12939FBD976B5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="02FC4251463C89F45C90874409DDA3B7">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="D4D5123D05F5A8844C39D254E5115D7F" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="37940F90275961DDD408A453267960A0"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2AC4679AD748358EFC270CD3D71F024D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7CA5CE52786C61B331EF6C3D974D46CB">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="A264D3D2BC43967BFDE86841748E14CC">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="644BBF3B4DF8ED480C995E0DD2777FDA"> +<mods:dateIssued id="D028E10A800C74079E890BF996619B00">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="2A71B83CBE1D48B5DE15E9A7DA8E644C">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="64E396DF9C6C14350BF6CADAC95E20F7"> +<mods:placeTerm id="F79CABDD3EE9AEDFEDAAF666E595F127">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="D802793379DBDC766B07D013F0DB79B2">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FF899B2A604A793BFD70FF6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FF899B2A604A793BFD70FF6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FF899B2A604A793BFD70FF6C" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF899B2B604A793BFD7DFB3D" box="[97,730,1137,1159]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B604A793BFD7DFB3D" blockId="96.[97,1226,1100,1159]" box="[97,730,1137,1159]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFF899B2B604A793BFD7DFB3D" box="[97,730,1137,1159]" level="2" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B604A793BFDCDFB3C" ID-CoL="4ZPY8" authority="(A. R. Sm.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[97,618,1137,1159]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setulosa" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B604A793BFE97FB3D" bold="true" box="[97,304,1137,1159]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris setulosa</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B625B7938FD7DFB3D" bold="true" box="[624,730,1137,1158]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF899B2B625B7938FD7DFB3D" box="[624,730,1137,1158]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF899B2B62F1793CFB6DFB3C" box="[730,1226,1141,1159]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B62F1793CFB6DFB3C" blockId="96.[97,1226,1100,1159]" box="[730,1226,1141,1159]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FF899B2B62C6793CFB61FB3C" author="" box="[749,1222,1141,1159]" journal="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." page="30" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" score="66.63618723694691" volume="76" year="1980"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62C6793CFBCBFB3E" ID-CoL="7BVJ9" authority="A. R. Sm., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." box="[749,1132,1141,1159]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62C6793CFCD8FB3D" box="[749,895,1141,1158]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Thelypteris setulosa</emphasis> +A.R.Sm.,Univ.Calif.Publ.Bot. +</taxonomicName> +76:30.1980 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF899B2B604A79D5FE20F9C9" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B604A79D5FE20F9C9" blockId="96.[97,1229,1180,1810]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B604A79D5FE70FB09" box="[97,471,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Constituent species and infraspecific taxa</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61DE79D5FCFDFB09" ID-CoL="4ZPXC" authority="Salino & A. R. Sm." authorityName="Salino & A. R. Sm." box="[501,858,1180,1202]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alstonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61DE79D5FD01FB0A" box="[501,678,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris alstonii</emphasis> +Salino & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B634779D5FF12FB69" ID-CoL="4ZPXD" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buchtienii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B634779D5FC7AFB0A" box="[876,989,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. buchtienii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B60E279F5FE58FB69" ID-CoL="6ZGXT" authority="(Desv.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[201,511,1212,1234]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clypeolutata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60E279F5FEF7FB6A" box="[201,336,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. clypeolutata</emphasis> +(Desv.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B622379F5FB97FB69" ID-CoL="5RN3T" authority="(Baker) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[520,1072,1212,1234]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="clypeolutata" variety="holmei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B622379F5FD28FB6A" box="[520,655,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. clypeolutata</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B629479F5FD59FB6A" box="[703,766,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">holmei</emphasis> +(Baker) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B641279F5FE2AFB49" ID-CoL="4ZPXF" authority="(C. V. Morton) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. V. Morton" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B641279F5FB32FB69" box="[1081,1173,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. comosa</emphasis> +(C.V. Morton) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61B57995FDABFB4A" ID-CoL="4ZPXH" box="[414,524,1244,1265]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61B57995FDABFB4A" box="[414,524,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF899B2B62137994FDEDFB49" box="[568,586,1245,1266]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF899B2B62667994FDF9FB49" box="[589,606,1245,1266]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">R</collectionCode> +. Sm.; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62B97995FB61FB49" ID-CoL="7N36B" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[658,1222,1244,1266]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decussata" variety="brasiliensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62B97995FCA7FB4A" box="[658,768,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. decussata</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63077995FC34FB4A" box="[812,915,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">brasiliensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B604A79B5FD19FAA9" ID-CoL="5RN3V" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[97,702,1276,1298]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decussata" variety="costaricensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B604A79B5FF77FAAA" box="[97,208,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. decussata</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60D479B4FED3FAA9" box="[255,372,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">costaricensis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62EC79B5FC99FAAA" box="[711,830,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF899B2B62EC79B5FD72FAAA" box="[711,725,1276,1297]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. decusssata +</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B636E79B5FF13FA89" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." pageId="96" pageNumber="86" rank="variety" variety="mapiriensis"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B634579B4FC7DFAA9" box="[878,986,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">mapiriensis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B60907855FD6DFA89" ID-CoL="5RN3X" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. 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Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF899B2B63C97854FBF1FA89" box="[994,1110,1309,1330]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63C97854FBF1FA89" bold="true" box="[994,1110,1309,1330]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Figs. 9A, 9B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +);* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B64467855FE9DFAE9" ID-CoL="4ZPXM" authority="(D. C. Eaton) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="D. C. Eaton" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fendleri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B64467855FB6EFA8A" box="[1133,1225,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. fendleri</emphasis> +(D.C.Eaton) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61607875FDDBFAE9" ID-CoL="4ZPXP" authority="(Baker) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[331,636,1340,1362]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneriana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61607875FE77FAEA" box="[331,464,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. gardneriana</emphasis> +(Baker) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62A87875FD74FAEA" ID-CoL="6W3D8" box="[643,723,1340,1361]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62A87875FD74FAEA" box="[643,723,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S.glabra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF899B2B62F67874FD57FAE9" box="[733,752,1341,1362]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF899B2B62D87874FCA2FAE9" box="[755,773,1341,1362]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">R</collectionCode> +. Sm. & Kessler; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B638E7875FB61FAE9" ID-CoL="8R6L5" authority="(Desv.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[933,1222,1340,1362]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B638E7875FBBAFAEA" box="[933,1053,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. glandulosa</emphasis> +(Desv.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B60407815FD12FAC9" authority="(Kunze) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[107,693,1372,1394]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="glandulosa" variety="brachyodus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60407815FF42FACA" box="[107,229,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. glandulosa</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B613E7815FEDAFACA" box="[277,381,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">brachyodus</emphasis> +(Kunze) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62E27815FF12FA29" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="glandulosa" variety="longipilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62E27815FCE4FACA" box="[713,835,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. glandulosa</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63587815FC71FACA" box="[883,982,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">longipilosa</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B60E17835FD00FA29" ID-CoL="4ZPXS" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[202,679,1404,1426]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hatschbachii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60E17835FEF2FA2A" box="[202,341,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. hatschbachii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B629A7835FBC7FA29" ID-CoL="4ZPXT" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[689,1120,1404,1426]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hottensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B629A7835FCBBFA2A" box="[689,796,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. hottensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B64417835FEB7FA09" ID-CoL="8R6WF" authority="(Hook.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B64417835FB6EFA29" box="[1130,1225,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. insignis</emphasis> +(Hook.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B613378D5FD9DFA09" ID-CoL="4ZPXW" authority="(Hook.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. 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Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="leprieurii" variety="glandifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63FA78D5FB99FA0A" box="[977,1086,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. leprieurii</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B644678D5FB6EFA0A" box="[1133,1225,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">glandifera</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B610A78F5FD38FA69" ID-CoL="5RN44" authority="(Christ) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. 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Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63767895FF78F9A9" ID-CoL="4ZPY2" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Kessler" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parva"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63767895FC00FA49" box="[861,935,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S.parva</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B60DA78B5FD30F9A9" ID-CoL="4ZPY3" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[241,663,1532,1554]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennellii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60DA78B5FEF3F9AA" box="[241,340,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. pennellii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B628378B5FBFBF9A9" ID-CoL="4ZPY4" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[680,1116,1532,1554]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyphlebia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B628378B5FC8FF9AA" box="[680,808,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. polyphlebia</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B644578B5FE6AF989" ID-CoL="4FXZ9" authority="(Raddi) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Raddi" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B644578B5FF06F98A" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. polypodioides</emphasis> +(Raddi) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61FE7B55FCA6F989" ID-CoL="4ZPY6" authority="(Kuhn) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. 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Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B649C7B55FE4BF9EA" ID-CoL="7BVJ9" authority="(A. R. Sm.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B649C7B55FF0DF9EA" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. setulosa</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61D57B75FC8EF9E9" ID-CoL="4ZPY9" authority="(Baker) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[510,809,1596,1618]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="valdepilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61D57B75FDDCF9EA" box="[510,635,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. valdepilosa</emphasis> +(Baker) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63177B75FB17F9E9" ID-CoL="6KGZY" authority="(Link) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Link" box="[828,1200,1596,1618]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63177B75FC2AF9EA" box="[828,909,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. villosa</emphasis> +(Link) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B649C7B75FE20F9C9" ID-CoL="4ZPYB" authority="(D. C. Eaton) Pic. Serm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wrightii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B649C7B75FF0DF9CA" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. wrightii</emphasis> +(D.C. Eaton) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF899B2A60BA7B35FD70FF6C" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B60BA7B35FEF6F969" blockId="96.[97,1229,1180,1810]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60BA7B35FE8AF92A" box="[145,301,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Excluded Species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61617B35FCF5F929" authority="(C. Chr. & Maxon) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr. & Maxon" box="[330,850,1660,1682]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassiuscula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61617B35FD8DF92A" box="[330,554,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris crassiuscula</emphasis> +(C. Chr. & Maxon) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> += +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63417B35FE2FF909" authority="(C. Chr. & Maxon) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr. & Maxon" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassiuscula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63417B35FBF0F92A" box="[874,1111,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Amauropelta crassiuscula</emphasis> +(C. Chr. & Maxon) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61A47BD5FC09F909" authority="(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" box="[399,942,1692,1714]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fraseri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61A47BD5FD9EF90A" box="[399,569,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris fraseri</emphasis> +(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> += +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63E97BD5FEF6F969" authority="(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & A.R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fraseri" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63E97BD5FBC8F90A" box="[962,1135,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Goniopteris fraseri</emphasis> +(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2A60BA7B94FD70FF6C" blockId="96.[97,1229,1180,1810]" lastBlockId="97.[121,1249,161,215]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF899B2B60BA7B94FF06F949" box="[145,161,1757,1778]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +new species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B610D7B95FDBCF949" authority="A. Rojas" authorityName="A. Rojas" box="[294,539,1756,1778]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B610D7B95FE64F94A" box="[294,451,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Thelypteris nana</emphasis> +A. Rojas +</taxonomicName> +, was recently described as endemic to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63BF7B94FC77F949" box="[916,976,1757,1778]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocos">Cocos</taxonomicName> +Island, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF899B2B64357B94FB21F949" box="[1054,1158,1757,1778]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B64B97B94FF36F8A9" author="Rojas" firstAuthor="Rojas" journalOrPublisher="Brenesia" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="7 - 15" part="75" refId="ref113544" refString="ROJAS, A. F. 2011. New species and new records (Pteridophyta: Polypodiales) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Brenesia 75: 7 - 15." title="New species and new records (Pteridophyta: Polypodiales) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica" type="journal article" year="2011">Rojas 2011</bibRefCitation> +). Although this taxon is likely a +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61E77BB5FD92F8AA" box="[460,565,1788,1809]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61E77BB5FD92F8AA" box="[460,565,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, we have not seen the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF899B2B633A7BB5FC9BF8AA" box="[785,828,1788,1809]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">type</typeStatus> +and are unable to evaluate its taxonomic status based on the description and illustration. It may be a diminutive specimen of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A63A47DEBFBCAFF0D" box="[911,1133,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneriana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A63A47DEBFBCAFF0D" box="[911,1133,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">Steiropteris gardneriana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; most likely it is not very close to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF889B2A61147D8BFE0DFF6D" box="[319,426,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leprieurii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF889B2A61147D8BFE0DFF6D" box="[319,426,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="87">S. leprieurii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, with which Rojas compared it. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1c202d8270f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,554 @@ +<document id="5FA34B2A355BA083197F2322D2CE85AB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Trigonospora" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="1006980FBF1FE29644EF3B3246C9284F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="38D76675BA97E969E6B534D9BD78E988"> +<mods:title id="0104AA1D247B3CF62D8EB8AD419A548D">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="454986F5C2AC879038DE8F26EC0A60D0" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="2E9F1F5BF216110FE5E5D97D6218CDCB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F4542B02C28524903DF03272F02FEEAA">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2EF0245CE2445331F89A4880CDD154E3">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="FF16FBA98394A96E078978360403DFFA" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="B1E347F0D6533815AB484AA3A3AE7805"> +<mods:roleTerm id="7A98DF95E864C4EC231D812175A21FBA">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="4F899B53BFA11285A40084EC12241A07">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="F691C7BE4879F1D3E511A6435A45968D">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="D39472A8447D3B853A349413A16DB774"> +<mods:dateIssued id="19CD52F6BC72E234E7B3DA5671D3CA7E">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="96ED82D299C889EA140302B6BAC43E42">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="6D42A543F36A74957F1A2818640433F7"> +<mods:placeTerm id="B87B59934A5D1E61F0E96B1BB5A18D44">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="46BB10116AA2981722E9BAB8C000FCEB">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FF8A9B2E62127B36FB62FCAC" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" blockId="99.[121,1249,1663,1777]" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" ID-CoL="823C" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862127B36FC87F922" bold="true" box="[569,800,1663,1689]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">TRIGONOSPORA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860527BE1FD87F906" box="[121,544,1704,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860527BE1FD87F906" blockId="99.[121,1249,1663,1777]" box="[121,544,1704,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FF8A9B2860527BE1FDBBF906" author="Trigonospora Holttum" box="[121,540,1704,1725]" journal="Blumea" page="29" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527BE1FE0DF906" ID-CoL="823C" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[121,426,1704,1725]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527BE1FEA6F906" bold="true" box="[121,257,1704,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +19:29. 1971 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2862347BE2FECFF94A" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2862347BE2FECFF94A" blockId="99.[121,1249,1663,1777]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8A9B28621A7BE2FDF7F900" box="[561,592,1707,1723]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B28621A7BE2FDF7F900" box="[561,592,1707,1723]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862727BE2FC11F907" ID-CoL="3SH9R" authority="(Wall. ex Benth.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[601,950,1706,1724]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862727BE2FD49F900" box="[601,750,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora ciliata</emphasis> +(Wall. ex Benth.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863E67BE3FB6FF900" ID-CoL="HFPX" authority="Wall. ex Benth." authorityName="Benth." box="[973,1224,1706,1724]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863E67BE3FBF5F900" box="[973,1106,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Aspidium ciliatum</emphasis> +Wall. ex Benth. +</taxonomicName> +]— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860927B8CFD98F96C" authority="(Holttum) Panigrahi" authorityName="Panigrahi" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[185,575,1733,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trigonospora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860927B8CFEABF96D" box="[185,268,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861177B8CFE07F96E" box="[316,416,1733,1749]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis> +(Holttum) Panigrahi +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862787B8CFC49F96C" authority="(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[595,1006,1733,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trigonospora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862787B8CFD01F96D" box="[595,678,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862FC7B8CFC9CF96E" box="[727,827,1733,1749]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis> +(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863D47B8CFB46F96E" box="[1023,1249,1733,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Trigonospora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863D47B8CFBF5F96D" box="[1023,1106,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864567B8CFB46F96E" box="[1149,1249,1733,1749]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F604A7DE8FE0BFF6C" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F604A7DE8FE0BFF6C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7DE8FF47FF0D" box="[97,224,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Latin +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61327DEBFEFCFF0C" box="[281,347,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">trigona</emphasis> +, three-angled + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61D37DEBFD8DFF0C" box="[504,554,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">spora</emphasis> +, spore; the genus is unusual among eupolypod ferns in having trilete tetrahedral spores ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F61337D8BFE07FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[280,416,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F60B97DABFDACFC8C" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60B97DABFDACFC8C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized (typically +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8D9B2F62A67DABFD6BFF4C" box="[653,716,226,247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity> +–1+ m), rheophytes of rocky streambeds or of forest understories; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60C97C4BFEE7FEAC" bold="true" box="[226,320,258,279]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">rhizomes</emphasis> +short, caudices erect, frequently with a tangle of thick roots that may serve as a ‘holdfast’; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64AD7C4BFB6EFEAC" bold="true" box="[1158,1225,258,279]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">fronds</emphasis> +dimorphic, fertile fronds with longer stipes and more deeply lobed pinnae, or monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatisect, arching to erect; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61867C0BFE4EFEEC" bold="true" box="[429,489,322,343]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">stipes</emphasis> +dull stramineous to brown; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62D47C0BFCD4FEED" bold="true" box="[767,883,321,343]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">stipe scales</emphasis> +brown, caducous, often appressed, glabrous or with marginal hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61B37C28FE7DFECD" bold="true" box="[408,474,353,374]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, drying green to black, proximal pinnae gradually reduced (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F649C7C2BFF12FE2D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F649C7C2BFF12FE2D" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. calcarata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or only slightly reduced and reflexed ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F621A7CCBFD27FE2D" box="[561,640,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F621A7CCBFD27FE2D" box="[561,640,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. ciliata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), never abruptly reduced to a series of hastate auricles; blade apex gradually reduced; proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F626F7CEBFD2CFE0C" bold="true" box="[580,651,418,439]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">pinnae</emphasis> +nearly symmetrical to asymmetrical and strongly oblique; margins subentire with dentate margins ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61DB7C8BFD52FE6D" box="[496,757,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61DB7C8BFD26FE6D" box="[496,641,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khamptorum">T. khamptorum</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62A27C8BFD52FE6D" box="[649,757,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica">T. zeylanica</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +) to deeply pinnatisect ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63F27C8BFBE3FE6D" box="[985,1092,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63F27C8BFBE3FE6D" box="[985,1092,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. calcarata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), pinna bases sessile to short-petiolulate, truncate to narrowly cuneate, acroscopic segment sometimes slightly enlarged or auriculate, in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60537F4BFEA7FDAD" box="[120,256,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60537F4BFEA7FDAD" box="[120,256,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. angustifrons</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +basal segment free and enlarged, overlapping rachis; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62D97F4BFC80FDAC" bold="true" box="[754,807,514,535]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">veins</emphasis> +free, simple, ending at sinus, or with a single pair anastomosing and an excurrent vein running to shallow sinus ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62C37F6BFC4EFD8D" box="[744,1001,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F62C37F6BFD50FD8C" box="[744,759,546,567]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T</collectionCode> +. khamptora, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63467F6BFC42FD8D" box="[877,997,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusiloba">T. obtusiloba</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F643D7F6BFB37FD8D" box="[1046,1168,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F643D7F6BFB23FD8D" box="[1046,1156,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica">T. zeylanica</taxonomicName> +); +</emphasis> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64BF7F68FF01FDED" bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">aerophores</emphasis> +inconspicuous or absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61887F0BFDCCFDEC" bold="true" box="[419,619,578,599]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">indument abaxially</emphasis> +nearly absent or with hyaline acicular hairs restricted to axes; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7F2BFE8EFDCC" bold="true" box="[97,297,610,631]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs most frequently along costae; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F636A7F2BFC1BFDCD" box="[833,956,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F636A7F2BFC1BFDCD" box="[833,956,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. glandulosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with pale yellow subsessile glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60817FC8FEA6FD2D" bold="true" box="[170,257,641,662]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61667FCBFED2FD2C" bold="true" box="[333,373,642,663]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">sori</emphasis> +typically round and discrete, medial or inframedial, indusia large and persistent, glabrous to copiously hairy, rarely with glands ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61F27FEBFDF4FD0D" box="[473,595,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61F27FEBFDF4FD0D" box="[473,595,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. glandulosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F624C7FEBFD6BFD0C" bold="true" box="[615,716,674,695]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous, or each with a stipitate gland arising from stalk; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60B17F88FF7BFD6D" bold="true" box="[154,220,705,726]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">spores</emphasis> +tan, trilete and tetrahedral, globose or bilateral, with echinulate or minutely papillose perine; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F644A7F8BFBCBFD6C" box="[1121,1132,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">x</emphasis> += 36, five species counted, both diploids and triploids known. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F627F7FABFD74FD4C" author="Sledge" box="[596,723,738,759]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge (1981)</bibRefCitation> +suggested some of the taxonomic confusion of the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F649C7FABFF11FCAD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F649C7FABFF11FCAD" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. calcarata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +group may be the result of infrageneric hybridization, and also suggested a potential intergeneric hybrid with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F604A7E68FEBDFC8C" box="[97,282,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7E68FEBDFC8C" box="[97,282,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Christella parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F610E7E6BFE3FFC8C" author="Sledge" box="[293,408,802,823]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge 1981</bibRefCitation> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F618B7E68FE59FC8D" box="[416,510,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Sledge 752</emphasis> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F60BA7E0BFE49FBEC" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60BA7E0BFE49FBEC" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60BA7E0BFED8FCEC" box="[145,383,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F612C7E0BFED8FCEC" box="[263,383,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trigonospora</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is unique within the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62617E0BFD48FCEC" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[586,751,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +in having trilete spores. However, it can also usually be distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61417E28FDABFCCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[362,524,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61417E28FDABFCCD" box="[362,524,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by having an erect rhizome (vs. often creeping); proximal pinnae little reduced or gradually reduced (vs. never reduced to auricles along stipes); and aerophores at pinna bases lacking or inconspicuous (vs. swollen). There is limited overlap in range or habitat with other free-veined +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63D97EEBFB30FC0C" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[1010,1175,930,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +with persistent indusia, but +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61107E88FE17FC6D" box="[315,432,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61107E88FE17FC6D" box="[315,432,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is most diverse in Papuasia, extends into western +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F63FE7E8BFB85FC6C" box="[981,1058,962,983]" name="Malaysia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Malesia</collectingCountry> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F64017E8BFB05FC6C" box="[1066,1186,962,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64017E8BFB05FC6C" box="[1066,1186,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60917EA8FE88FC4D" box="[186,303,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60917EA8FE88FC4D" box="[186,303,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by fronds usually drying dark (vs. dull green or pale); pinna bases sometimes auricled (vs. usually rounded or cuneate); and stipe scales thin and deciduous (vs. thick and persistent). The amauropeltoid genera ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60427968FEDAFB8D" box="[105,381,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60427968FF45FB8D" box="[105,226,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amauropelta</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60C67968FEDAFB8D" box="[237,381,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metathelypteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61987968FD91FB8D" box="[435,566,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61987968FD91FB8D" box="[435,566,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) usually occur at higher elevations or more northern latitudes, and tend to have much more delicate laminae. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2F60BA7928FBA9FAAC" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60BA7928FBA9FAAC" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60BA7928FE23FBCD" box="[145,388,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—The 12 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F626E792BFD1AFBCC" box="[581,701,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F626E792BFD1AFBCC" box="[581,701,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are restricted to southeast Asia, and the genus is most diverse in south +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F60D079CBFE89FB2C" box="[251,302,1154,1175]" name="India" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">India</collectingCountry> +and the island of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F61F979CBFD88FB2C" box="[466,559,1154,1175]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, where seven species occur, four of which are endemic. The Sri Lankan species are morphologically distinctive and occur at different elevational ranges, from low country to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8D9B2F641F79EBFBD9FB0D" box="[1076,1150,1185,1207]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F64A179EBFF34FB6C" author="Sledge" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge 1981</bibRefCitation> +). The genus extends through the Pan-Himalayan region into southern continental Asia, Java, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F6414798BFB3DFB6C" box="[1087,1178,1218,1239]" name="Malaysia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Malaysia</collectingCountry> +, and Sumatra, and possibly into Sulawesi ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61EC79ABFD9DFB4D" box="[455,570,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koordersii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61EC79ABFD9DFB4D" box="[455,570,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. koordersii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F626E79ABFD71FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[581,726,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">Holttum 1974c</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F62F579ABFCB7FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[734,784,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). In +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8D9B2F631279ABFCD2FB4C" box="[825,885,1250,1271]" name="China" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">China</collectingCountry> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F635179ABFC6CFB4D" box="[890,971,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F635179ABFC6CFB4D" box="[890,971,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. ciliata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +extends north to +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8D9B2F645E79ABFB6DFB4C" box="[1141,1226,1250,1271]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Guangxi</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8D9B2F60A2784BFF5BFAAC" box="[137,252,1282,1303]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Guangdong</collectingRegion> +. Throughout their range they frequently occur in rocky riverbeds and streamsides. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8D9B2E60BA786BFDB3FE2C" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2F60BA786BFC63F92C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60BA786BFE7BFA8D" box="[145,476,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—Initially included within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62CB7868FC27FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[736,896,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62CB7868FC27FA8D" box="[736,896,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F638B786BFBB8FA8C" author="Ching" box="[928,1055,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F640C786BFB38FA8C" box="[1063,1183,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F640C786BFB38FA8C" box="[1063,1183,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was recognized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F60C7780BFE27FAEC" author="Holttum" box="[236,384,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +as a distinct genus on the basis of its trilete spores. As noted by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F63F37808FBC1FAEC" author="Wagner" box="[984,1126,1345,1367]" firstAuthor="Wagner" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="332 - 353" part="61" refId="ref115563" refString="WAGNER JR., W. H. 1974. Structure of spores in relation to fern phylogeny. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61: 332 - 353." title="Structure of spores in relation to fern phylogeny" type="journal article" year="1974">Wagner (1974)</bibRefCitation> +, this characteristic is unusual within what we now classify as eupolypod ferns. Although trilete spores have also been observed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F604A78C8FE59FA2C" authority="(Chandra 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Chandra" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[97,510,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A78C8FEC7FA2C" box="[97,352,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Macrothelypteris torresiana</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F614778CBFE50FA2C" author="Chandra" box="[364,503,1410,1431]" firstAuthor="Chandra" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="9 - 11" part="63" refId="ref107122" refString="CHANDRA, P. 1973. Tetrahedral spores in another species of Lastrea. Amer. Fern J. 63: 9 - 11." title="Tetrahedral spores in another species of Lastrea" type="journal article" year="1973">Chandra 1973</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, and species of grammitids (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F631178C8FC37FA2D" box="[826,912,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Alansmia</emphasis> +) in Polypodiaceae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F646578CBFF36FA0C" author="Kessler" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kessler" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="233 - 244" part="63" refId="ref110679" refString="KESSLER, M., A. L. M. VELAZQUEZ, M. SUNDUE, & P. H. LABIAK. 2011. Alansmia, a new genus of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) segregated from Terpsichore. Brittonia 63: 233 - 244." title="Alansmia, a new genus of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) segregated from Terpsichore" type="journal article" year="2011">Kessler et al. 2011</bibRefCitation> +), these may be spherical and/or with asymmetrical laesurae, and are unlike typical tetrahedral trilete spores. The same is sometimes true of spores in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F6199788BFD8DFA6C" box="[434,554,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F6199788BFD8DFA6C" box="[434,554,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which may be round or bilateral, occasionally occurring together with monolete spores ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F612D78ABFE4CFA4C" author="Nayar & Chandra" box="[262,491,1506,1527]" firstAuthor="Nayar" journalOrPublisher="Palynol. Bull." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="92 - 95" part="2" refId="ref112481" refString="NAYAR, B. K. & P. CHANDRA. 1966. The occurrence of tetrahedral spores in a species of Lastrea (Thelypteridaceae). Palynol. Bull. 2: 92 - 95." title="The occurrence of tetrahedral spores in a species of Lastrea (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="1966">Nayar & Chandra 1966</bibRefCitation> +). Based on our understanding of its phylogenetic position, the spore morphology of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F60887B4BFEBCF9AC" box="[163,283,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F60887B4BFEBCF9AC" box="[163,283,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +should be interpreted as a reversal ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F62507B4BFC85F9AC" author="Patel" box="[635,802,1537,1559]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +), not as indication of a close relationship to other lineages with trilete spores, like Cyatheaceae, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F627E7B68FD58F98C" author="as Holttum" box="[597,767,1569,1591]" firstAuthor="as Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1971">as Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F63237B6BFCE6F98C" author="Holttum" box="[776,833,1570,1591]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">1974c</bibRefCitation> +) believed. Trilete spores are a diagnostic feature of the genus, however, and have been reported in several species, including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63B67B0BFC56F9ED" box="[925,1009,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63B67B0BFC56F9ED" box="[925,1009,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. ciliata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63D57B0BFBD9F9ED" box="[1022,1150,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63D57B0BFBD9F9ED" box="[1022,1150,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. caudipinna</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F649C7B0BFF7EF9CD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khamptorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F649C7B0BFF7EF9CD" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. khamptorum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F60C87B2BFE7BF9CC" author="Holttum & Chandra" box="[227,476,1634,1655]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="79 - 82" part="26" refId="ref110026" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. & P. CHANDRA. 1971. New species of Thelypteridaceae from India, Ceylon and Burma. Kew Bull. 26: 79 - 82." title="New species of Thelypteridaceae from India, Ceylon and Burma" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum & Chandra 1971</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F61CF7B2BFDCDF9CC" author="Lin" box="[484,618,1633,1655]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +), and are verified here for +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63707B2BFBE1F9CD" box="[859,1094,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63707B2BFB87F9CD" authority=", Gardette" authorityName="Gardette" box="[859,1056,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">T. calcarata, Gardette</taxonomicName> +559 +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F647B7B2BFBD2F9CC" box="[1104,1141,1634,1655]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F64A87B2BFEB0F92D" authority=", Ballard 1393" authorityName=", Ballard" authorityYear="1393" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F64A87B2BFEB0F92D" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T.obtusifolia, Ballard 1393</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F61097BCBFEE0F92C" box="[290,327,1666,1687]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F617E7BCBFDE6F92D" authority=", Ballard 1522" authorityName="Ballard" authorityYear="1522" box="[341,577,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F617E7BCBFDE6F92D" box="[341,577,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. zeylanica, Ballard 1522</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F62677BCBFDD7F92C" box="[588,624,1666,1687]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode> +); and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F62827BCBFCC2F92C" authority=", Mann" authorityName="Mann" box="[681,869,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F62827BCBFC82F92D" box="[681,805,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">T. caudipinna</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63047BCBFCC2F92C" box="[815,869,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Mann</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63427BCBFC24F92C" box="[873,899,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">s.n</emphasis> +. ( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8D9B2F63BF7BCBFC1EF92C" box="[916,953,1666,1687]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">UC</collectionCode> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8D9B2E60B97BE8FDB3FE2C" blockId="100.[97,1228,161,1815]" lastBlockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +He and Zhang (2012) and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F61B77BEBFDF0F90C" author="Patel" box="[412,599,1697,1719]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation> +inferred a close relationship between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F63F77BEBFB3BF90D" box="[988,1180,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F63F77BEBFB3BF90D" box="[988,1180,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora ciliata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F604A7B88FEA0F96D" box="[97,263,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F604A7B88FEA4F96D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[97,259,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudocyclosorus</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +but with low support. The more densely sampled phylogeny of Fawcett et al. (in press.) recovers two Sri Lankan species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61137BABFE16F94C" box="[312,433,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61137BABFE16F94C" box="[312,433,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as sister to two morphologically distinctive taxa we determine as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F641C7BABFECCF8AC" authority="(Holttum 1974 a)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F641C7BABFF19F8AD" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8D9B2F60E07A4BFEC3F8AC" author="Holttum" box="[203,356,1794,1815]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="100" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8D9B2F61B67A48FDFEF8AD" box="[413,601,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="90"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8D9B2F61B67A48FDBEF8AD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[413,537,1793,1814]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="100" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +fidelei +</emphasis> +(Rakotondrainibe & Jouy 2012), both once-pinnate species of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8C9B2E60527DEBFF49FF0C" box="[121,238,162,183]" name="Madagascar" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +. This clade is in turn sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62277DE8FD0BFF0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[524,684,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62277DE8FD0BFF0D" box="[524,684,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8C9B2E62927DEBFD49FF0C" box="[697,750,162,183]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="101" pageNumber="91"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62927DEBFD49FF0C" bold="true" box="[697,750,162,183]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). As discussed in the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63EB7DEBFB87FF0C" box="[960,1056,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63EB7DEBFB87FF0C" box="[960,1056,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +treatment, a combination of limited collections and geologically recent extinctions may have shaped our understanding of the Afro- Madagascan fern flora, sometimes leaving isolated lineages that are difficult to place taxonomically. In light of these difficulties, and our own limited sampling, we refrain from making new combinations for these non- +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E644E7C4BFB47FEAC" box="[1125,1248,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E644E7C4BFB47FEAC" box="[1125,1248,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +pseudocyclosoroid taxa. Although our understanding of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62B37C6BFCB7FE8C" box="[664,784,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62B37C6BFCB7FE8C" box="[664,784,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has benefited from excellent floristic treatments (e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E60817C0BFE9CFEEC" author="Holttum" box="[170,315,322,343]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">Holttum 1974c</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E616F7C0BFED2FEEC" author="Holttum" box="[324,373,322,343]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E61557C0BFE57FEEC" author="Sledge" box="[382,496,322,343]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge 1981</bibRefCitation> +), the genus has never been monographed throughout its range. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8C9B2E64647C0BFBF8FEEC" box="[1103,1119,322,343]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +critical study of widespread and morphologically variable species such as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62EA7C2BFCB4FECD" box="[705,787,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62EA7C2BFCB4FECD" box="[705,787,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. ciliata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63687C2BFC17FECD" box="[835,944,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63687C2BFC17FECD" box="[835,944,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. calcarata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +would be especially helpful for improving our understanding of the group. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8C9B2E60827CEBFC0CFDAC" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8C9B2E60827CEBFC0CFDAC" blockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60827CEBFEC6FE0C" box="[169,353,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61547CEBFD62FE0C" authority="Sledge" authorityName="Sledge" box="[383,709,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61547CEBFDDCFE0D" box="[383,635,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora angustifrons</emphasis> +Sledge +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62FB7CEBFC5FFE0C" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[720,1016,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62FB7CEBFD7BFE0C" box="[720,732,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62C17CE8FCE4FE0D" box="[746,835,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">calcarata</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E642E7CEBFF6AFE6C" authority="(Ching) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E642E7CEBFB2DFE0D" box="[1029,1162,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. caudipinna</emphasis> +(Ching) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60C17C8BFD96FE6C" authority="(Wall. ex Benth) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Benth" box="[234,561,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60C17C8BFE9DFE6D" box="[234,314,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. ciliata</emphasis> +(Wall. ex Benth) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62137C8BFD52FE6C" authority="Sledge" authorityName="Sledge" box="[568,757,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62137C8BFD16FE6D" box="[568,689,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.glandulosa</emphasis> +Sledge +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62D07C8BFB79FE6C" authority="(Holttum) Irudayaraj & Manickam" authorityName="Irudayaraj & Manickam" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[763,1246,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khamptorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62D07C8BFC2EFE6D" box="[763,905,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.khamptorum</emphasis> +(Holttum) Irudayaraj & Manickam +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60527CABFE10FE4C" authority="Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh" authorityName="Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh" box="[121,439,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loyalii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60527CABFF6FFE4D" box="[121,200,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.loyalii</emphasis> +Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61947CABFE6EFE4C" box="[447,457,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61E27CABFD24FE4C" authority="Sledge" authorityName="Sledge" box="[457,643,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusiloba"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61E27CABFD98FE4D" box="[457,575,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. obtusiloba</emphasis> +Sledge +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62A17CABFC42FE4C" authority="(J. Scott ex Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[650,997,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62A17CABFD46FE4C" box="[650,737,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.sericea</emphasis> +(J. Scott ex Bedd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +in Nayar and Kaur; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E64887CABFE69FDAC" authority="Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi" authorityName="Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subcaudipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E64887CABFB08FE4C" box="[1187,1199,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E64927CA8FF78FDAD" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">subcaudipinna</emphasis> +Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61FD7F4BFD44FDAC" authority="(Roxb.) Mazumdar" authorityName="Mazumdar" baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[470,739,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61FD7F4BFD81FDAC" box="[470,550,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T.tenera</emphasis> +(Roxb.) Mazumdar +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E62DD7F4BFC0CFDAC" authority="Sledge." authorityName="Sledge." box="[758,939,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E62DD7F4BFCC4FDAD" box="[758,867,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. zeylanica</emphasis> +Sledge. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8C9B2E60827F6BFB62FCAC" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8C9B2E60827F6BFF1FFD4C" blockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60827F6BFE8BFD8D" box="[169,300,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E61627F6BFD8AFD8D" box="[329,557,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koordersii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61627F6BFD8AFD8D" box="[329,557,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora koordersii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a distinctive and unusual species, and known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8C9B2E649F7F6BFB46FD8C" box="[1204,1249,546,567]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus> +(Sulawesi), a considerable distance from the center of diversity of the lineage in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8C9B2E63467F0BFC6EFDEC" box="[877,969,578,599]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +and southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8C9B2E64787F0BFB2EFDEC" box="[1107,1161,578,599]" name="India" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">India</collectingCountry> +. It differs from all other +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E612E7F2BFE6EFDCC" box="[261,457,610,631]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E612E7F2BFEDAFDCC" box="[261,381,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +in having a conform terminal pinna, and is also distinctive in its elongate, nearly parallel-sided pinna segments or pinnules on an essentially bipinnate blade. This taxon was initially placed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60527FE8FE00FD0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[121,423,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Plesioneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60527FE8FF51FD0D" box="[121,246,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E61197FE8FE00FD0D" box="[306,423,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E61E37FEBFDFAFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[456,605,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +, though he later transferred it to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63BF7FEBFB15FD0C" authority="(Holttum 1974 b)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[916,1202,674,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63BF7FEBFBABFD0C" box="[916,1036,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Trigonospora</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E643C7FEBFB0CFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[1047,1195,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kalikasan" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="13 - 28" part="3" refId="ref109606" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia. Kalikasan 3: 13 - 28." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1974b</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. Our concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E60CB7F88FEF2FD6D" box="[224,341,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E60CB7F88FEF2FD6D" box="[224,341,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is broader than Holttum’s, and we cannot rule out the possibility that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8C9B2E63D87F8BFBC1FD6D" box="[1011,1126,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koordersii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8C9B2E63D87F8BFBC1FD6D" box="[1011,1126,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="91">T. koordersii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +belongs that genus. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8C9B2E608C7E4BFB62FCAC" blockId="101.[121,1250,161,791]" box="[167,1221,770,791]" pageId="101" pageNumber="91"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E61EF7E4BFDC4FCAC" author="Holttum" box="[452,611,770,791]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">Holttum (1974c)</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E62407E4BFD4DFCAC" author="Sledge" box="[619,746,770,791]" firstAuthor="Sledge" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot." pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 54" part="8" refId="ref114131" refString="SLEDGE, W. A. 1981. The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 1 - 54." title="The Thelypteridaceae of Ceylon" type="journal article" year="1981">Sledge (1981)</bibRefCitation> +, Singh and Panigrahi (2005), and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8C9B2E64007E4BFB66FCAC" author="Lin" box="[1067,1217,770,791]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="101" pageNumber="91" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cc8e565df0d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,520 @@ +<document id="131E6A467E671FFCB161779E0E2ABF6B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Thelypteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="F349E3CA6E96FA5850F4AD3B981E7EA2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="A307D6A2EE933DD2E7424BFE92EA599E"> +<mods:title id="16843D01A1421DC9FF71E85F13238CEC">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="A2856727EB9992314BFBC98AA880F37E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D2F260E772C1014556E452AEB2358A43"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4A2606010A1B4D44F4A80012245278E5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="238DBA9364766C27DA92A8ECB49CFA25">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="62464E453413C2766B561C35018685A4" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8AE10A0B8536B5B08713FC002A4D4C2A"> +<mods:roleTerm id="A55D498F07734DE1EE1EEFF37B5C6EAF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="8B094AA9A9EA4959903EE4FC466A57AE">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="91EF0E716714B8B4F42B1560BA13458F">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="5DD640D45CFC148BBD8701B290C66439"> +<mods:dateIssued id="DD231CB856DBC18D39A15861BB50CAFF">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="3E112C12BD8722D7C5B106DEBF6A5396">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="F6FF94867C2FADC5D36754895F0085BA"> +<mods:placeTerm id="D2EC5A69C748ED9A4AEFF4EC4122C2A2">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="5143A53FDBAD08B20BD573FBC1CF7288">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" box="[565,757,831,857]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" blockId="98.[97,1225,831,919]" box="[565,757,831,857]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[565,757,831,857]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[565,757,831,857]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" bold="true" box="[565,757,831,857]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">THELYPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29604A7E21FCC2FCC7" box="[97,869,871,893]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29604A7E21FCC2FCC7" blockId="98.[97,1225,831,919]" box="[97,869,871,893]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29604A7E21FE39FCC6" authority="Schmidel, Icon. Pl." authorityName="Schmidel, Icon. Pl." box="[97,414,871,893]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7E21FF7EFCC6" bold="true" box="[97,217,872,893]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Thelypteris</emphasis> +Schmidel, Icon. Pl. +</taxonomicName> +, ed. Keller, 3, 45, t. 11 +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B2962577E21FD2BFCC6" box="[636,652,872,893]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +, 13. 1763, nom. cons. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29634F7E22FE59FC2C" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29634F7E22FE59FC2C" blockId="98.[97,1225,831,919]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8B9B29635D7E22FC30FCC0" box="[886,919,875,891]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B29635D7E22FC30FCC0" box="[886,919,875,891]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29638A7E23FBD1FCC7" authority="Schott" authorityName="Schott" box="[929,1142,874,892]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29638A7E23FB98FCC0" box="[929,1087,874,891]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis> +Schott +</taxonomicName> +[based on +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29608A7ECCFEE8FC2D" box="[161,335,901,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Acrostichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thelypteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29608A7ECCFEE8FC2D" box="[161,335,901,918]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Acrostichum thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L., Sp. +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFF8B9B2961AF7ECFFE5DFC2C" box="[388,506,902,919]" journal="Pl." page="1071" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="2" year="1753">Pl.2:1071.1753</bibCitation> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2960AA7EE2FE1CFC6C" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960AA7EE2FED5FC07" blockId="98.[129,443,939,983]" box="[129,370,939,956]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960AA7EE2FF1FFC00" box="[129,184,939,955]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Lastrea</emphasis> +Bory nom. illeg.superfl. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960AA7E8CFE1CFC6C" blockId="98.[129,443,939,983]" box="[129,443,965,983]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960AA7E8CFF78FC6D" box="[129,223,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Hemestheum</emphasis> +Newman nom. illeg.superfl. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29604A7EA5FEDFFB99" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29604A7EA5FEDFFB99" blockId="98.[97,1226,1004,1794]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7EA5FF47FBBA" box="[97,224,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961287EA5FE90FBBA" box="[259,311,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">thelys</emphasis> +, female +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961AC7EA4FE6BFBB9" box="[391,460,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">+ pteris</emphasis> +, fern. An old Greek name for a fern more delicate than the male fern, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29644E7EA4FED3FB99" authority="(Stewart et al. 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filix-mas"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29644E7EA4FF15FB9A" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Dryopteris filix-mas</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2960977944FECAFB99" author="Stewart" box="[188,365,1036,1058]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart et al. 1983</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2960A47964FF45F919" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960A47964FF45F919" blockId="98.[97,1226,1004,1794]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized, in wet ground (often marshes or swamps), dying back in winter (in temperate areas); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960C87904FEE6FBD9" bold="true" box="[227,321,1101,1122]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">rhizomes</emphasis> +short- to often long-creeping, usually blackish, with relatively few roots between nodes, mostly 1.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2960A77924FF63FB3A" box="[140,196,1132,1154]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +diam.; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961247924FEF4FB39" bold="true" box="[271,339,1133,1154]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">fronds</emphasis> +moderately sized (typically +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2962407924FD7DFB39" box="[619,730,1133,1154]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30–100 cm</quantity> +), monomorphic or weakly dimorphic, with fertile fronds narrower and having longer stipes and more constricted pinnae and segments, arching to erect, deeply pinnate-pinnatifid or often pinnatisect with pinnae incised to within +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2962E579E4FCA1FB7A" box="[718,774,1196,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +of costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29634D79E4FC06FB79" bold="true" box="[870,929,1197,1218]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">stipes</emphasis> +dull stramineous, blackened at bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960B47984FEB6FB5A" bold="true" box="[159,273,1228,1250]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">stipe scales</emphasis> +tan, ovate, glabrous or nearly so; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962607985FD2AFB5A" bold="true" box="[587,653,1228,1249]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, drying green, proximal pinnae not reduced, or with 1–several pinna-pairs somewhat reduced, but never abruptly reduced to a series of hastate auricles or glanduliform pinnae; blade apex gradually reduced; proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962927844FD58FA99" bold="true" box="[697,767,1293,1314]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">pinnae</emphasis> +nearly symmetrical with segments spreading or only slightly oblique; margins entire, pinna bases sessile to short-petiolulate, truncate, acroscopic segment often slightly elongate but not auriculate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961477804FE06FAD9" bold="true" box="[364,417,1357,1378]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">veins</emphasis> +free, simple or often forked, ending at margins of lobes just above sinuses ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8B9B2964587804FB1DFAD9" box="[1139,1210,1357,1378]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2964587804FB1DFAD9" bold="true" box="[1139,1210,1357,1378]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Fig. 6D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7825FF75FA3A" bold="true" box="[97,210,1388,1409]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">aerophores</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29610B7824FE40FA39" bold="true" box="[288,487,1389,1410]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs restricted to axes (rachis, costae, and sometime costules), also with thin, flat, ovate tan scales along costae, tissue between veins glabrous or nearly so; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29642978C4FB6FFA19" bold="true" box="[1026,1224,1421,1442]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular or tortuous hairs restricted mostly to costae, veins and laminar tissue glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2963D478E5FBF1FA7A" bold="true" box="[1023,1110,1452,1473]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29648A78E4FB6EFA79" bold="true" box="[1185,1225,1453,1474]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">sori</emphasis> +typically round and discrete, or often confluent at maturity, medial or inframedial, indusia relatively large and persistent, glabrous or with a few short-stipitate glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29627478A4FD63F9B9" bold="true" box="[607,708,1517,1538]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or often bearing short, stipitate glands <0.1 mm; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960BF7B45FF71F99A" bold="true" box="[148,214,1548,1569]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">spores</emphasis> +tan, bilateral, monolete, perispore variable, echinate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962DD7B45FCC3F99A" box="[758,868,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962DD7B45FCC3F99A" box="[758,868,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">T. confluens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and granulate, papillate, irregularly tuberculate, or reticulate and perforate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961D97B65FDFDF9FA" box="[498,602,1580,1601]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961D97B65FDFDF9FA" box="[498,602,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">T. palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B29624E7B64FD70F9F9" author="Tryon" box="[613,727,1581,1602]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="444 - 460" part="73" refId="ref115194" refString="TRYON, A. F. 1971. Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 73: 444 - 460." title="Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1971">Tryon 1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2962CB7B65FC22F9F9" author="Tryon" box="[736,901,1580,1602]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. 1980</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2963A67B65FBDDF9F9" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[909,1146,1580,1602]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2964A17B65FB32F9FA" box="[1162,1173,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">x</emphasis> += 35, two species, only one counted, always diploid. Reports of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962AB7B05FD2BF9DA" box="[640,652,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">n</emphasis> += 36 for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962F77B05FCE5F9DA" box="[732,834,1612,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962F77B05FCE5F9DA" box="[732,834,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">T. palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2963437B04FC46F9D9" author="Mitui" box="[872,993,1613,1634]" firstAuthor="Mitui" journalOrPublisher="Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku B." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="285 - 333" part="13" refId="ref112086" refString="MITUI, K. 1968. Chromosomes and speciation in ferns. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku B. 13: 285 - 333." title="Chromosomes and speciation in ferns" type="journal article" year="1968">Mitui (1968)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2964257B04FB61F9D9" author="Hirabayashi" box="[1038,1222,1613,1634]" firstAuthor="Hirabayashi" journalOrPublisher="J. Jap. Bot." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="113 - 119" part="44" refId="ref109348" refString="HIRABAYASHI, H. 1969. Chromosome numbers in several species of the Aspidiaceae. J. Jap. Bot. 44: 113 - 119." title="Chromosome numbers in several species of the Aspidiaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Hirabayashi (1969)</bibRefCitation> +, from populations in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8B9B2961017B25FEC5F93A" box="[298,354,1644,1665]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Japan</collectingCountry> +, are likely erroneous (see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B29624B7B25FC89F939" author="Tryon & Tryon" box="[608,814,1644,1666]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="65 - 76" part="63" refId="ref115246" refString="TRYON, A. F. & R. TRYON. 1973. Thelypteris in northeastern North America. Amer. Fern J. 63: 65 - 76." title="Thelypteris in northeastern North America" type="journal article" year="1973">Tryon & Tryon 1973</bibRefCitation> +, for comments and a review of cytological information). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2860BA7BE5FC8BFE8C" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2860BA7BE5FC8BFE8C" blockId="98.[97,1226,1004,1794]" lastBlockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960BA7BE5FEC8F97A" box="[145,367,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961227BE5FEC8F97A" box="[265,367,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thelypteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +can be readily distinguished from the superficially similar, and sometimes co-occurring amauropeltoid genera by a combination of characteristics. It has consistently long-creeping, relatively narrow rhizomes (1.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2960B97BA4FF6FF8BA" box="[146,200,1772,1794]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +diam.); grows in persistently wet habitats in temperate areas; has largely scaleless rhizomes behind the apex; has persistent ovate scales on the costae abaxially ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B28625B7DEBFD1EFF0C" box="[624,697,162,183]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28625B7DEBFD1EFF0C" bold="true" box="[624,697,162,183]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 6D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); lacks greatly reduced proximal pinnae; has frequently forked, free veins on the ultimate segments ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B2862377D8BFDC5FF6C" box="[540,610,194,215]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862377D8BFDC5FF6C" bold="true" box="[540,610,194,215]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 6D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); and is often slightly dimorphic, with fertile fronds taller, and with confluent sori resulting in an almost acrostichoid appearance. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862E37DA8FC97FF4D" box="[712,816,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862E37DA8FC97FF4D" box="[712,816,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be distinguished from both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2864417DA8FB46FF4D" box="[1130,1249,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864417DA8FB46FF4D" box="[1130,1249,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860887C48FE80FEAD" box="[163,295,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860887C48FE80FEAD" box="[163,295,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in temperate latitudes by the presence of scales on the abaxial costae, the lack of glands on abaxial laminae, some veins forking (vs. simple), and fidelity to wetland habitats. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860827C08FF43FE4C" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827C08FF43FE4C" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827C08FE38FEED" box="[169,415,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—Throughout their range, the two species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863707C08FC64FEED" box="[859,963,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863707C08FC64FEED" box="[859,963,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2863E27C0BFC42FEEC" box="[969,997,322,343]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863E27C0BFC78FEEC" box="[969,991,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +occur in perennially wet, often open areas, especially marshes, peat bogs, forested swamps, and edges of lakes. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863B67C28FBFDFECD" box="[925,1114,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863B67C28FBFDFECD" box="[925,1114,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is widespread in temperate wetlands of the northern hemisphere, while +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862937CC8FCD8FE2D" box="[696,895,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862937CC8FCD8FE2D" box="[696,895,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris confluens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is south-temperate in sub-Saharan Africa, southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2861347CEBFEF2FE0C" box="[287,341,418,439]" name="India" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">India</collectingCountry> +, northern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2861967CEBFDBFFE0C" box="[445,536,418,439]" name="Thailand" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thailand</collectingCountry> +, parts of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28625F7CEBFD66FE0C" box="[628,705,418,439]" name="Malaysia" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2862E07CEBFC81FE0C" box="[715,806,418,439]" name="Australia" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Australia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28631A7CEBFC11FE0C" box="[817,950,418,439]" name="New Zealand" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +, and southern South America. Outlying populations of both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28618A7C8BFDACFE6D" box="[417,523,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28618A7C8BFDACFE6D" box="[417,523,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862167C8BFD09FE6D" box="[573,686,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862167C8BFD09FE6D" box="[573,686,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. confluens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occur sporadically in suitable habitats in the tropics and subtropics. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860827F4BFB6BFA0D" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827F4BFF4FFCEC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827F4BFE50FDAD" box="[169,503,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—Historically, the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862C37F48FCF7FDAD" box="[744,848,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862C37F48FCF7FDAD" box="[744,848,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has had many different circumscriptions. Beginning with +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28613A7F6BFE36FD8C" author="Ching" box="[273,401,546,567]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="237 - 352" part="6" refId="ref107458" refString="CHING, R. C. 1936. A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 237 - 352." title="A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions" type="journal article" year="1936">Ching (1936)</bibRefCitation> +, and continuing with +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862747F6BFD4CFD8C" author="Morton" box="[607,747,546,567]" firstAuthor="Morton" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="149 - 154" part="53" refId="ref112221" refString="MORTON, C. V. 1963. The classification of Thelypteris. Amer. Fern J. 53: 149 - 154." title="The classification of Thelypteris" type="journal article" year="1963">Morton (1963)</bibRefCitation> +, the genus was accepted in a broad sense, comprising all or most of the ca. 1000 species in the family +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862147F0BFD40FDEC" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[575,743,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +. Before that time, members of the family had usually been subsumed in an unwieldy genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861DB7F2BFDF2FDCC" box="[496,597,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861DB7F2BFDF2FDCC" box="[496,597,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Dryopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862A47F2BFC9BFDCC" author="Christensen" box="[655,828,610,631]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen 1913</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28636D7F2BFCDFFDCC" author="Christensen" box="[838,888,610,631]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="3 - 132" part="6" refId="ref107760" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1920. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd., ser. 8, 6: 3 - 132." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863A37F2BFBACFDCC" author="Ching" box="[904,1035,610,631]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +recognized 18 genera within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860957FCBFEC4FD2C" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[190,355,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +for mainland Asia, and restricted +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862837FC8FCB7FD2D" box="[680,784,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862837FC8FCB7FD2D" box="[680,784,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to just three species. Shortly thereafter, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2864A47FCBFF16FD0C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2860917FEBFF4DFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[186,234,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2860D87FEBFE82FD0C" author="Holttum" box="[243,293,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861067FEBFEFAFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[301,349,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Acta Bot. Malacitana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="47 - 58" part="8" refId="ref109981" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1983. The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe. Acta Bot. Malacitana 8: 47 - 58." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation> +) adopted many of Ching’s generic concepts and also segregated several new genera; a series of revisions and monographs culminated in recognition of 23 genera in Asia ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863727F8BFC42FD6C" author="Holttum" box="[857,997,706,727]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +), and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28640A7F88FB2DFD6D" box="[1057,1162,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28640A7F88FB2DFD6D" box="[1057,1162,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2864BA7F8BFB0AFD6C" box="[1169,1197,706,727]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864BA7F8BFB0FFD6C" box="[1169,1192,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +with either two or three species. An attempt at some middle ground was offered by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28637F7FABFC75FD4C" author="Smith" box="[852,978,738,759]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8A9B28637F7FABFC29FD4C" box="[852,910,738,759]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1990) +</bibRefCitation> +and later by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2864627FABFF7EFCAC" author="Christenhusz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Christenhusz" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="7 - 54" part="19" refId="ref107620" refString="CHRISTENHUSZ, M. J. M., X. - C. ZHANG, & H. SCHNEIDER. 2011. A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa 19: 7 - 54." title="A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2011">Christenhusz et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation> +. +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8A9B2860CF7E4BFE87FCAC" box="[228,288,770,791]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Smith</collectingRegion> +recognized five genera in the family, with the largest genera being expanded concepts of both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527E68FF46FC8D" box="[121,225,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527E68FF46FC8D" box="[121,225,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(ca. 280 spp,. in five subgenera, including subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862817E68FCB5FC8D" box="[682,786,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862817E68FCB5FC8D" box="[682,786,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with two spp.) and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863E67E68FB97FC8D" box="[973,1072,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863E67E68FB97FC8D" box="[973,1072,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(ca. 525 spp. in 20 subgenera). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860837E2BFD4EFBAC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2860837E2BFE99FCCC" author="Holttum" box="[168,318,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Acta Bot. Malacitana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="47 - 58" part="8" refId="ref109981" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1983. The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe. Acta Bot. Malacitana 8: 47 - 58." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe" type="journal article" year="1983">Holttum (1983)</bibRefCitation> +proposed a slightly different narrow classification of the genus, recognizing three species. In this, he distinguished European +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861AA7ECBFE4EFC2D" box="[385,489,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861AA7ECBFE4EFC2D" box="[385,489,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2861C67ECBFDAFFC2C" box="[493,520,898,919]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861C67ECBFDA4FC2C" box="[493,515,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, with glabrous indusia, from the North American taxon, having hairy indusia; he called the latter +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28617E7EEBFD40FC0C" authority="(Michx.) Holub. However" authorityName="Holub. However" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[341,743,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thelypteroides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28617E7EEBFE4CFC0D" box="[341,491,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. thelypteroides</emphasis> +(Michx.) Holub. However +</taxonomicName> +, as shown earlier by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863857EEBFBC6FC0C" author="Tryon" box="[942,1121,930,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation> +, that name is based on a mistypification by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28619B7E8BFDE1FC6C" author="Morton" box="[432,582,962,983]" firstAuthor="Morton" journalOrPublisher="Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="29 - 83" part="38" refId="ref112245" refString="MORTON, C. V. 1967. Studies of fern types, I. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 38: 29 - 83." title="Studies of fern types, I." type="journal article" year="1967">Morton (1967)</bibRefCitation> +and applies to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862CE7E88FC5CFC6D" box="[741,1019,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862CE7E88FC5CFC6D" box="[741,1019,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Amauropelta noveboracensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see discussion under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527EA8FF48FC4D" box="[121,239,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527EA8FF48FC4D" box="[121,239,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; see also comments regarding typification by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862847EABFCF0FC4C" author="Tryon" box="[687,855,994,1015]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. 1980</bibRefCitation> +). Regardless of the typification issue, we regard the European and North American variants as conspecific. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B286083796BFB93FAAC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +The two species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861757968FE61FB8D" box="[350,454,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861757968FE61FB8D" box="[350,454,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +recognized by us and many others (e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286362796BFC4CFB8C" author="Tryon" box="[841,1003,1058,1079]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. 1980</bibRefCitation> +) are only subtly different. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527908FE90FBED" box="[121,311,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527908FE90FBED" box="[121,311,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is largely restricted to north-temperate North America, Europe, and Asia. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286428790BFB35FBEC" author="Fernald" box="[1027,1170,1090,1111]" firstAuthor="Fernald" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="27 - 36" part="31" refId="ref108492" refString="FERNALD, M. L. 1929. A study of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 31: 27 - 36." title="A study of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1929">Fernald (1929)</bibRefCitation> +was the first to distinguish infraspecific variants within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862657928FCAAFBCD" box="[590,781,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862657928FCAAFBCD" box="[590,781,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B28633F7928FC8CFBCC" box="[788,811,1121,1143]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28633F7928FC8FFBCD" box="[788,808,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +—one in Eurasia ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863CB792BFBFEFBCD" box="[992,1113,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="palustris"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864217928FBFEFBCD" box="[1034,1113,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">palustris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), the other in North America and eastern Asia ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861EF79CBFC84FB2C" authority="(G. Lawson) Fernald" authorityName="Fernald" baseAuthorityName="G. Lawson" box="[452,803,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="pubescens"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861C479C8FDEBFB2D" box="[495,588,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">pubescens</emphasis> +(G. Lawson) Fernald +</taxonomicName> +). +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B28631879CBFCE4FB2C" box="[819,835,1154,1175]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +third variant, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863F879CBFB3AFB2C" authority="Fernald" authorityName="Fernald" box="[979,1181,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="haleana"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863D679C8FBE0FB2D" box="[1021,1095,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">haleana</emphasis> +Fernald +</taxonomicName> +, in the southeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2860D179EBFE9EFB0C" box="[250,313,1186,1207]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">U.S.A.</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28616A79EBFED1FB0C" box="[321,374,1186,1207]" name="Cuba" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Cuba</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28618179EBFDA3FB0C" box="[426,516,1186,1207]" name="Bermuda" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Bermuda</collectingCountry> +, was also distinguished by Fernald and others; however, it is only dubiously distinct, according to +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861637988FE5DFB6C" author="Tryon" box="[328,506,1217,1239]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation> +, and we concur. The southern hemisphere taxon, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863FE798BFBE6FB6D" box="[981,1089,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863FE798BFBE6FB6D" box="[981,1089,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T.confluens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, has been recognized as a distinct species by most recent authors, including +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28629A79A8FC9AFB4C" author="Morton" box="[689,829,1249,1271]" firstAuthor="Morton" journalOrPublisher="Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="29 - 83" part="38" refId="ref112245" refString="MORTON, C. V. 1967. Studies of fern types, I. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 38: 29 - 83." title="Studies of fern types, I." type="journal article" year="1967">Morton (1967)</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28636E79A8FC53FB4C" author="Tryon" box="[837,1012,1249,1271]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation> +, and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28640F79ABFB1EFB4C" author="Holttum" box="[1060,1209,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Acta Bot. Malacitana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="47 - 58" part="8" refId="ref109981" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1983. The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe. Acta Bot. Malacitana 8: 47 - 58." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe" type="journal article" year="1983">Holttum (1983)</bibRefCitation> +, but was treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B286129784BFD70FAAC" authority="(Schlecht.) Weatherby" authorityName="Weatherby" baseAuthorityName="Schlecht." box="[258,727,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="squamigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B286129784BFECEFAAD" box="[258,361,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861BE784BFE59FAAC" box="[405,510,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">squamigera</emphasis> +(Schlecht.) Weatherby +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862D37848FCD3FAAC" author="Tryon" box="[760,884,1281,1303]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="444 - 460" part="73" refId="ref115194" refString="TRYON, A. F. 1971. Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 73: 444 - 460." title="Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1971">Tryon (1971)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28638A784BFB97FAAC" author="Fernald" box="[929,1072,1282,1303]" firstAuthor="Fernald" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="27 - 36" part="31" refId="ref108492" refString="FERNALD, M. L. 1929. A study of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 31: 27 - 36." title="A study of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1929">Fernald (1929)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827868FB6BFA0D" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860827868FE05FA8C" ID-CoL="37XXK" authority="Christ" authorityName="Christ" box="[169,418,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827868FEF9FA8D" box="[169,350,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris tremula</emphasis> +Christ +</taxonomicName> +, +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8A9B2861807868FE71FA8D" box="[427,470,1313,1334]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">type</typeStatus> +from +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8A9B286224786BFDDBFA8C" box="[527,636,1314,1335]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Michoacán</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2862AF786BFD6AFA8C" box="[644,717,1314,1335]" name="Mexico" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Mexico</collectingCountry> +, is probably only an outlier of the widespread Northern Hemisphere +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860DA780BFE79FAED" ID-CoL="5NNBL" box="[241,478,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="pubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860DA780BFEFFFAED" box="[241,344,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861A97808FE79FAED" box="[386,478,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">pubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861CC780BFD10FAEC" author="Mickel & Smith" box="[487,695,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Mickel" journalOrPublisher="Mem. New York Bot. Gard." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 1054" part="88" refId="ref112052" refString="MICKEL, J. T. & A. R. SMITH. 2004. The pteridophytes of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 1 - 1054." title="The pteridophytes of Mexico" type="journal article" year="2004">Mickel & Smith 2004</bibRefCitation> +), to which it is sister in the phylogenetic analysis of Fawcett et al. (in press). Most Mexican collections are more than 100 years old, and it seems likely that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863DA782BFBE8FACD" ID-CoL="37XXK" box="[1009,1103,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863DA782BFBE8FACD" box="[1009,1103,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T.tremula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is largely extirpated, with draining of its habitat; however, one recent collection is +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28632A78C8FC07FA2D" box="[769,928,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Rzedowski 39234</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B28638778CBFC74FA2C" box="[940,979,1410,1431]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rgwt-iip3" name="Instituto de Ecología, A.C." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="Herbarium">IEB</collectionCode> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B2863F778CBFBAAFA2C" box="[988,1037,1410,1431]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wbe7-qwr9" name="Instituto de Ecología, A.C." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="Herbarium">XAL</collectionCode> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28643178C8FEE5FA0C" ID-CoL="7C7ZZ" authority="(Bedd.) Y. X. Lin et al." authorityName="Y. X. Lin" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fairbankii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28643178C8FB46FA2D" box="[1050,1249,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris fairbankii</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Y.X. Lin et al. +</taxonomicName> +was recognized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861D178EBFD37FA0C" author="Lin" box="[506,656,1441,1463]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +but seems likely to be a heterotypic synonym of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28647178EBFB60FA0D" ID-CoL="569VK" box="[1114,1223,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28647178EBFB60FA0D" box="[1114,1223,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T.confluens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B286083788BFB2FF98C" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B286083788BFB2FF98C" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +All phylogenetic studies with broad sampling ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286249788BFCB6FA6C" author="He & Zhang" box="[610,785,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286333788BFC68FA6C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[792,975,1473,1495]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press) show +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28605278A8FEA2FA4C" box="[121,261,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28605278A8FF46FA4D" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[121,225,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Thelypteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2860CE78ABFEA5FA4C" box="[229,258,1506,1527]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +</emphasis> +as treated here, sister to the rest of Thelypteridoideae ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B28632178ABFC99FA4C" box="[778,830,1506,1527]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28632178ABFC99FA4C" bold="true" box="[778,830,1506,1527]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). This subfamily includes 900+ species, and is sister to the smaller subfam. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861B77B4BFDEAF9AC" ID-CoL="K52" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[412,589,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862727B48FD53F9AD" ID-CoL="5JQR" box="[601,756,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862727B48FD53F9AD" box="[601,756,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862D47B48FC0FF9AD" ID-CoL="8R5Z4" box="[767,936,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862D47B48FC0FF9AD" box="[767,936,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863987B48FBBCF9AD" ID-CoL="6N3D" box="[947,1051,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863987B48FBBCF9AD" box="[947,1051,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2864067B48FB32F9AD" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[1069,1173,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864067B48FB32F9AD" box="[1069,1173,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2864B27B4BFB12F9AD" box="[1177,1205,1537,1559]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864B27B4BFB09F9AC" box="[1177,1198,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +represents an ancient lineage, diverged from its closest extant relatives by perhaps 86 Ma ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863877B6BFBDAF98C" author="Testo & Sundue" box="[940,1149,1570,1591]" firstAuthor="Testo" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="200 - 211" part="105" refId="ref115157" refString="TESTO, W. & M. SUNDUE. 2016. A 4000 - species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 105: 200 - 211." title="A 4000 - species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">Testo & Sundue 2016</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860827B08FB26F9EC" box="[169,1153,1601,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827B08FB26F9EC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" box="[169,1153,1601,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827B08FEF1F9EC" box="[169,342,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861557B08FCB2F9ED" authority="(Thunb.) C. V. Morton" authorityName="C. V. Morton" baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[382,789,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861557B08FDE7F9ED" box="[382,576,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris confluens</emphasis> +(Thunb.) C.V. Morton +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863377B08FC81F9ED" box="[796,806,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28630D7B08FB86F9EC" authority="(Salisb.) Schott" authorityName="Schott" baseAuthorityName="Salisb." box="[806,1057,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28630D7B08FC28F9ED" box="[806,911,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis> +(Salisb.) Schott +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B2864067B0BFBD4F9EC" box="[1069,1139,1602,1623]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="99" pageNumber="89"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864067B0BFBD4F9EC" bold="true" box="[1069,1139,1602,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 6D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FA1FBADFCAC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FA1FBADFCAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7e9a3505cf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FA1FBADFCAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +<document id="428FC744DF611D8F47660E7752F7907F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FA1FBADFCAC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Strophocaulon unitum" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="D65B55A6B5610E26C811D29A0CB12C0C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="9B55F0F66A48E45012828257E5EFC871"> +<mods:title id="0E5662F282CE8EFE56A5A2D53DB3FF00">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="D5B95D6F4D2D0BA9DF32F3A3E77C514D" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="4520110B104D8D8F380DD10924C40EDC"> +<mods:roleTerm id="97331CAC404F16446F1A6CAA937759B1">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="D4CF042450A106861D1956739CBD1550">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="0F650D9CB4536173367155102BDEB2EB" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="CA9AFE8E5D61D7A2FE087A64F9209CDE"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2F53B286941332A5D690B5B380DF7AAC">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="E8C4EEE24FC6650918E3E28DD345A615">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="5A3C284452A855D5885A789DC560F107">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="32A627862A3D7A1078378DE3B07F4B7C"> +<mods:dateIssued id="41199D4BDEC371EC378AD212D90AEF8C">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="D3DEBC848BBF2A77E334870BCA4E7933">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="D9C0E58F544878154FE63FAB70E0B6AA"> +<mods:placeTerm id="73A544B625EAB912583A5B6A81960D46">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="A2A8083A8524D3087D59CA89C74D0639">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FA1FBADFCAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FA1FBADFCAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FA1FBADFCAC" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29604A7FA1FD66FD47" box="[97,705,743,765]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29604A7FA1FD66FD47" blockId="98.[97,1225,652,791]" box="[97,705,743,765]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7FA1FEF5FD46" bold="true" box="[97,338,744,765]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +* +<heading id="D0E9818CFF8B9B2960417FA1FD66FD47" box="[106,705,743,765]" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2960417FA1FEF5FD46" ID-CoL="8RTXH" box="[106,338,744,765]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum">Strophocaulon unitum</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B2961557FA1FE2CFD46" box="[382,395,744,765]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B2961A57FA1FE38FD46" box="[398,415,744,765]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Fawc. & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B2961D77FA1FDA9FD46" box="[508,526,744,765]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B29623A7FA1FD85FD46" box="[529,546,744,765]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">R</collectionCode> +. Sm., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29627C7FAEFD66FD47" bold="true" box="[599,705,743,764]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">comb. nov.</emphasis> +</heading> +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2962EA7FA2FBADFCAC" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2962EA7FA2FBADFCAC" blockId="98.[97,1225,652,791]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962FF7FA3FCC4FD40" box="[724,867,746,763]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962FF7FA3FCC4FD40" box="[724,867,746,763]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Polypodium unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L., Syst.Nat., ed.10,2:1326.1759.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29645E7FA3FF69FCAE" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29645E7FA3FF69FCAE" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Cyclosorus unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Ching— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29611F7E4CFE4BFCAE" box="[308,492,773,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29611F7E4CFE4BFCAE" box="[308,492,773,790]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Sphaerostephanos unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Holttum— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962497E4CFD78FCAE" box="[610,735,773,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962497E4CFD78FCAE" box="[610,735,773,790]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Thelypteris unita</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B29632A7E4FFCAAFCAC" box="[769,781,774,791]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B29633B7E4FFCB9FCAC" box="[784,798,774,791]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Museum">V</collectionCode> +.Morton ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8B9B29634C7E4FFC59FCAC" box="[871,1022,774,791]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[121,129,1704,1724]" captionTargetBox="[118,1248,161,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-8@29.[115,1248,154,1660]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 10.Strophocaulon unitum, Fawcett 641 (VT),A.pinna lobes,abaxial view.B. rhizome.C.laminar apex." pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29634C7E4FFC59FCAC" bold="true" box="[871,1022,774,791]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Figs. 10A, 10B, 10C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FFBFBB5FD5B.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FFBFBB5FD5B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6d13ebac95f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FFBFBB5FD5B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="3419FD02FD8FEB69E815C5648BC1ADE0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF8B9B29604A7FFBFBB5FD5B" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Strophocaulon invisum S. 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Forst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[106,669,690,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960417FFBFEFDFD7C" bold="true" box="[106,346,690,711]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Strophocaulon invisum</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29628E7FF8FCB7FD7D" bold="true" box="[677,784,689,710]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8B9B29628E7FF8FCB7FD7D" box="[677,784,689,710]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29633B7FFCFBB5FD5B" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29633B7FFCFBB5FD5B" blockId="98.[97,1225,652,791]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2963087FFCFBD6FD7C" authority="G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr." authorityName="G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr." box="[803,1137,693,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2963087FFCFC1DFD7E" box="[803,954,693,710]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Polypodium invisum</emphasis> +G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. +</taxonomicName> +81.1786.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29608A7F99FE15FD5A" authority="(G. Forst.) Copel." authorityName="Copel." baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[161,434,720,737]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29608A7F99FE8DFD5B" box="[161,298,720,737]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Cyclosorus invisus</emphasis> +(G.Forst.) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29619B7F99FE64FD5A" box="[432,451,720,737]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961EF7F99FCB3FD5A" authority="(G. Forst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[452,788,720,737]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961EF7F99FDD8FD5B" box="[452,639,720,737]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Sphaerostephanos invisus</emphasis> +(G.Forst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29630C7F99FBB5FD5B" authority="C. V. Morton" authorityName="C. V. Morton" box="[807,1042,720,737]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forsteri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29630C7F99FC13FD5A" box="[807,948,720,737]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Thelypteris forsteri</emphasis> +C.V. Morton +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA09B0260527B2EFD20F90A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA09B0260527B2EFD20F90A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..164b11117bc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA09B0260527B2EFD20F90A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<document id="063E13B321B5CFA3A0E362D4BB23A7E7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA09B0260527B2EFD20F90A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron abruptum var. pallescens A. R. Sm. & S. E. 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Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02644F7B2EFB69F9C7" bold="true" box="[1124,1230,1639,1660]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA09B02644F7B2EFB69F9C7" box="[1124,1230,1639,1660]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0264E57B22FD20F90A" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0264E57B22FD20F90A" blockId="73.[121,1249,1548,1820]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260927BCCFB93F92C" authority="C. Chr., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." box="[185,1076,1669,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="oligophylla" variety="pallescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260927BCCFEC7F92D" box="[185,352,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Dryopteris oligophylla</emphasis> +Maxon var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261EB7BCCFDAAF92D" box="[448,525,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">pallescens</emphasis> +C. Chr., Kongel.Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk.Math. Afd. +</taxonomicName> +, ser. 7, 10:188. 1913.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260927BE9FD20F90A" authority="(C. Chr.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[185,647,1696,1713]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="grandis" variety="pallescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260927BE9FEEFF90A" box="[185,328,1696,1713]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris grandis</emphasis> +A.R.Sm. var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261847BE9FE5BF90A" box="[431,508,1696,1713]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">pallescens</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA09B0260527B78FB36F9DA.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA09B0260527B78FB36F9DA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b3526670c6d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA09B0260527B78FB36F9DA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +<document id="F3A66E8C5C78DFE43728BF394D75C9D7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA09B0260527B78FB36F9DA" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron abruptum A. R. Sm. & S. E. 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Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262837B78FCB6F9FD" bold="true" box="[680,785,1585,1606]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA09B0262837B78FCB6F9FD" box="[680,785,1585,1606]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0263397B7CFB36F9DA" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0263397B7CFB36F9DA" blockId="73.[121,1249,1548,1820]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02630E7B7CFB98F9FC" authority="C. Presl, Tent. Pterid." authorityName="C. Presl, Tent. Pterid." box="[805,1087,1589,1607]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Lastrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abrupta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02630E7B7CFC3CF9FD" box="[805,923,1589,1606]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Lastrea abrupta</emphasis> +C.Presl,Tent.Pterid. +</taxonomicName> +75.1836.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0264BC7B7CFE25F9DA" authority="(C. Presl) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. 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Proctor" authorityName="Proctor" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[900,1164,1616,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abrupta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263AF7B19FBB2F9DA" box="[900,1045,1616,1633]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris abrupta</emphasis> +(Desv.) 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Foug." box="[777,1115,1772,1794]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicaule"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263227BA5FC10F8BA" box="[777,951,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Aspidium albicaule</emphasis> +Fée, Mém. Foug. +</taxonomicName> +8:102. 1857. +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0264E57BB9FE62F8A7" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0264E57BB9FE62F8A7" blockId="73.[121,1249,1548,1820]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260927A43FE62F8A7" authority="(Fee) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. 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R. Sm.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[130,1114,1719,1741]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="abruptum" status="comb. nov." variety="grande"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260A97BF1FEDCF977" bold="true" box="[130,379,1719,1741]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron abruptum</emphasis> +(C. Presl) A.R. Sm. S.E. Fawc. var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262E77BFEFCB5F977" bold="true" box="[716,786,1719,1740]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">grande</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0264497BFEFB69F977" bold="true" box="[1122,1230,1719,1740]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA09B0264497BFEFB69F977" box="[1122,1230,1719,1740]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0264E57BF2FD33F95C" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0264E57BF2FD33F95C" blockId="73.[121,1249,1548,1820]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA09B0260927B9CFD37F95C" author="" box="[185,656,1749,1767]" journal="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." page="76" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" score="66.63618723694691" volume="59" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260927B9CFD9FF95E" ID-CoL="8RG4P" authority="A. R. Sm., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." box="[185,568,1749,1767]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260927B9CFEEFF95D" box="[185,328,1749,1766]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris grandis</emphasis> +A.R.Sm., Univ.Calif.Publ. Bot. +</taxonomicName> +59:76.1971 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..458acbb26a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,467 @@ +<document id="FF46C803094F8CD807D4B13897DB040F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="2D6ACFB1EDD37B64B3C8A5D148D07A50" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="C843ED28FBC7A83BEDA7D1B4CF2A3B80"> +<mods:title id="CB078E712B48AE726A760508998CE173">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="81C92CD998BF842B1D6EBC3FBFC2A1B2" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="6307AB35715E6E8330896587EF79E382"> +<mods:roleTerm id="13A60E06EBEE61968E6EC0840E391D69">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="57B98F988EE6AD3D61FF220090D8FB84">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="F86D7B63552F82745A4322959CCCEF27" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="76058D615B18B095F389647C64190FAB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="B2C5CB269D58F4CA80D8AA0FD0CAA356">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="A22AEDCCFC29596C33216BA48124BEBF">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="6DD87D2424CF6E29E5CB78CC4A05282B">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="701DADAD3C22952B0A7AF622F12C13B2"> +<mods:dateIssued id="D9E8EC3B24E53C9CA836362D95465C37">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="D896C36405009F440456810E46089474">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="9605700C3CF4920B35CEDBF1A2C0AAB3"> +<mods:placeTerm id="7BB30BA75D10F7B595C24679F208E0F0">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="B7ECAC14C442AF13BA7DB1AA09948A79">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA19B0262347EEDFF5CFA4C" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" box="[543,777,932,958]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" blockId="72.[97,1227,932,1020]" box="[543,777,932,958]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[543,777,932,958]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" ID-CoL="8RTTY" box="[543,777,932,958]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362347EEDFCAEFC05" bold="true" box="[543,777,932,958]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">PELAZONEURON</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B03604A7E85FF6EFC47" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B03604A7E85FF6EFC47" blockId="72.[97,1227,932,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03604A7E85FD88FC5A" authority="(Holttum) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,559,972,994]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A7E85FF4BFC5A" bold="true" box="[97,236,972,993]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +(Holttum) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03621D7E85FD7FFC5A" bold="true" box="[566,728,972,993]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">gen. et stat. nov.</emphasis> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA19B0362C77E99FF61FC47" author="Pelazoneuron Holttum" journal="J. S. African Bot." page="144" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" score="73.24581464374481" volume="40" year="1974"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362C77E99FB97FC5A" ID-CoL="8H2M" authority="Holttum, J. S." authorityName="Holttum, J. S." box="[748,1072,976,993]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362C77E99FC92FC5A" box="[748,821,976,993]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Christella</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363747E99FC62FC5A" box="[863,965,976,993]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +Holttum, J. S. +</taxonomicName> +African Bot. 40:144. 1974 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0360E37EA2FC90FC47" box="[200,823,1002,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0360E37EA2FC90FC47" blockId="72.[97,1227,932,1020]" box="[200,823,1002,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA19B0360F07EA2FEA5FC47" box="[219,258,1003,1020]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0361237EA3FDD3FC40" authority="(Sw.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[264,628,1002,1020]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361237EA3FE06FC40" box="[264,417,1002,1019]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pelazoneuron patens</emphasis> +(Sw.) A.R.Sm.& S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362A27EA3FC92FC47" authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[649,821,1002,1020]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362A27EA3FCB2FC40" box="[649,789,1002,1019]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Polypodium patens</emphasis> +Sw. +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0360AA7959FE4DFB9A" box="[129,490,1040,1057]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0360AA7959FE4DFB9A" blockId="72.[129,490,1040,1057]" box="[129,490,1040,1057]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +For more complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0361A87959FE41FB9A" author="Smith" box="[387,486,1040,1057]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA19B0361A87959FE17FB9A" box="[387,432,1040,1057]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1971) +</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B03604A797EFB01FBD7" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B03604A797EFB01FBD7" blockId="72.[97,1228,1079,1805]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A797EFF65FBF7" box="[97,194,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B036128797EFE9AFBF7" box="[259,317,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">pelazo</emphasis> +, to approach + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361E5797EFDA9FBF7" box="[462,526,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">neuron</emphasis> +, vein, in reference to the connivent veins at or just below the sinus, which are near each other, rather than anastomosing at an obtuse angle, as in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362D4791EFCFEFBD7" box="[767,857,1111,1132]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362D4791EFCFEFBD7" box="[767,857,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA19B036376791EFCDEFBD7" box="[861,889,1111,1132]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B036376791EFCD4FBD7" box="[861,883,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +and many other related genera. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0260B97931FF5DFF4C" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0260B97931FF5DFF4C" blockId="72.[97,1228,1079,1805]" lastBlockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +Plants terrestrial, or occasionally in rocky crevices, medium-sized to very large (fronds +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA19B03643E7931FB20FB37" box="[1045,1159,1143,1165]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" unit="cm" value="145.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="40.0">40–250 cm</quantity> +long); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A79D1FF66FB16" bold="true" box="[97,193,1176,1197]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">rhizomes</emphasis> +short- to long-creeping, or, in a few species, suberect to erect and forming small upright trunks (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03649379DEFF3BFB77" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03649379DEFF3BFB77" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P. patens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03609B79F1FF54FB76" bold="true" box="[176,243,1208,1229]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid, erect or arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362DC79F1FC94FB76" bold="true" box="[759,819,1208,1229]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to tan, darkened at the very base, adaxially grooved, bearing scales at the base like those of rhizome apices; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363717991FC69FB57" bold="true" box="[858,974,1239,1261]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">stipe scales</emphasis> +lanceolate to occasionally ovate-lanceolate, brown, setose on margins and surfaces, occasionally the scales ovate-lanceolate and glabrous (e.g., the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA19B03604A785EFF29FA97" box="[97,142,1303,1324]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0360BD785EFF43FA97" box="[150,228,1303,1324]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360BD785EFF43FA97" box="[150,228,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P.patens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360DD785EFE9FFA97" bold="true" box="[246,312,1303,1324]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous, drying greenish, pinnae generally pinnatifid or pinnatisect, proximal ones the longest or nearly so, very rarely greatly reduced, distal ones gradually or sometimes abruptly reduced, blade apex not conform or rarely subconform ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03620C781EFDCCFAD7" authorityName=", Fawcett" authorityYear="1034" box="[551,619,1367,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03620C781EFDCCFAD7" box="[551,619,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P. serra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); rachises always lacking proliferous buds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03643B7811FBF1FAD6" bold="true" box="[1040,1110,1368,1389]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">pinnae</emphasis> +opposite or nearly so proximally, becoming alternate distally, adaxially with a groove that is not continuous with the rachis groove, shallowly to often deeply pinnatifid; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03619478D1FE53FA16" bold="true" box="[447,500,1432,1453]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">veins</emphasis> +usually prominent on both sides, one or sometimes two pairs from adjacent segments connivent at an acute angle at or very slightly below the sinus ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA19B03630878F1FCCCFA77" box="[803,875,1463,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03630878F1FCCCFA77" bold="true" box="[803,875,1463,1485]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Fig. 7D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), or the distal one or a pair meeting segment margin just above the sinus (veins not forming areoles) ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA19B0362E37891FCAAFA56" box="[712,781,1496,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362E37891FCAAFA56" bold="true" box="[712,781,1496,1517]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Fig. 7C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), rarely with a single pair truly obtusely united below the sinus and with an excurrent vein running to sinus, vein endings reaching segment margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03647D78BEFB6FF9B7" bold="true" box="[1110,1224,1527,1548]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">aerophores</emphasis> +absent at pinna bases, or pinnae with a slightly raised and darkened lunate ridge at attachment to rachis; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03644D7B51FF67F9F6" bold="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of stipes, rachises, costae, veins, and sometimes laminar tissue between veins of hyaline acicular, unicellular hairs, blades sometimes glabrescent with age, or blades sometimes lacking hairs on the lesser veins and between veins, most species lacking costal scales, but these scattered or more numerous in a few species (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0363C67B3EFB95F937" authorityName=", Fawcett" authorityYear="1034" box="[1005,1074,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363C67B3EFB95F937" box="[1005,1074,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P.serra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0364167B3EFF75F910" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0364167B3EFB15F937" box="[1085,1202,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="augescens">P.augescens</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0364937B3EFF75F910" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuerckheimii">P. tuerckheimii</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360CD7BD1FE0AF916" bold="true" box="[230,429,1688,1709]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of generally long (> 0.5 mm) hyaline, unicellular acicular hairs on stipes, rachises, and costae, sometimes also on veins, and in a few species (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362927BFEFCA9F970" box="[697,782,1718,1740]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362927BFEFCA9F970" box="[697,782,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">P. kunthii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) with scattered hairs between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0364597BFEFB6EF977" bold="true" box="[1138,1225,1719,1740]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue on both sides; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361F57B91FDA1F956" bold="true" box="[478,518,1752,1773]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">sori</emphasis> +medial or nearly so, not usually coalescent at maturity, indusiate, indusia glabrous to usually setose and somewhat persistent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362787BB1FD1FF8B6" bold="true" box="[595,696,1784,1805]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">sporangia</emphasis> +without setulae or glands on the capsules, or each with a small clavate unicellular colorless glandular cell on the stalk; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262C97DE8FC83FF0D" bold="true" box="[738,804,161,182]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">spores</emphasis> +dark brown, with perispore variously ridged, rugose, or echinulate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261657D8BFEFEFF6C" box="[334,345,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">x</emphasis> += 36 (10 of 16 spp. counted), diploids and tetraploids known, and several interspecific hybrids ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0260547DABFF49FF4C" author="Smith" box="[127,238,226,247]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B0260547DABFF1CFF4C" box="[127,187,226,247]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion> +1971 +</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0260827C4BFC4BFE4C" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0260827C4BFC4BFE4C" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260827C4BFEA4FEAC" box="[169,259,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02610A7C48FE3BFEAD" box="[289,412,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02610A7C48FE3BFEAD" box="[289,412,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02623D7C48FDD7FEAD" box="[534,624,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02623D7C48FDD7FEAD" box="[534,624,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having the lowermost veins from adjacent segments connivent at an acute angle at the sinuses (vs. united at an obtuse angle below the sinus and with an excurrent vein to the sinus) and in having the proximal pinnae the longest or nearly so. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262BA7C08FCABFEED" box="[657,780,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262BA7C08FCABFEED" box="[657,780,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263A27C08FB8FFEED" box="[905,1064,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263A27C08FB8FFEED" box="[905,1064,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has similar venation, in the deltate blades with proximal pinnae the longest, or nearly so (vs. many pairs of abruptly reduced proximal pinnae). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260DE7CC8FED7FE2D" box="[245,368,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260DE7CC8FED7FE2D" box="[245,368,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from many other cyclosoroid genera in one or often more of the following characteristics: lack of protruding aerophores at pinna bases; relatively large, ± persistent indusia; lack of areolate venation and included veinlets; monomorphic fronds; lack of laminar buds; lack of sessile, resinous glands on veins and laminar tissue; generally long-creeping rhizomes; and somewhat weedy nature in semi-open habitats. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0260827F48FE1AFD0C" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0260827F48FE1AFD0C" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260827F48FE31FDAD" box="[169,406,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—The 16 known species and four varieties are restricted to the New World tropics and subtropics, from the southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0261B47F6BFE7BFD8C" box="[415,476,546,567]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">U.S.A.</collectingCountry> +through the Antilles, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0262997F6BFD5CFD8C" box="[690,763,546,567]" name="Mexico" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Mexico</collectingCountry> +, Central America, and South America to northern +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260527F0BFF7CFDEC" box="[121,219,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina</taxonomicName> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0260C97F0BFE9CFDEC" box="[226,315,578,599]" name="Paraguay" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Paraguay</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0261687F0BFE3FFDEC" box="[323,408,578,599]" name="Uruguay" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Uruguay</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0261E37F0BFDACFDEC" box="[456,523,578,599]" name="Bolivia" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B02623F7F0BFD24FDEC" author="Smith" box="[532,643,578,599]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith 1971</bibRefCitation> +); one species ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263227F0BFCFAFDED" box="[777,861,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263227F0BFCFAFDED" box="[777,861,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">P.kunthii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) is known to be naturalized in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA09B0264A87F0BFB1EFDEC" box="[1155,1209,578,599]" name="Spain" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Spain</collectingCountry> +and perhaps East Africa. Most species are at least locally common, if not weedy, and occur at low to middle elevations, to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA09B0260527FCBFF64FD2C" box="[121,195,642,663]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity> +in the tropics, and are found along roadsides, trails, ditches, ravines, and limestone outcrops, often in slightly disturbed, somewhat open places. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA09B0260827F8BFF5CFA4C" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B0260827F8BFDCEFB0D" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260827F8BFDA7FD6D" box="[169,512,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—Holttum described +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262CB7F88FC50FD6D" box="[736,1015,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262CB7F88FC99FD6D" box="[736,830,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263537F88FC50FD6D" box="[888,1015,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in his treatment of the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260527FABFEB9FD4C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[121,286,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +of Africa (1974a) and considered most African species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02636E7FA8FC38FD4D" box="[837,927,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02636E7FA8FC38FD4D" box="[837,927,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to belong to this section, in addition to many of the neotropical species; he selected one of these, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262D37E48FC31FCAC" box="[760,918,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262D37E48FC31FCAC" box="[760,918,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella patens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, as the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA09B0263C87E4BFBB6FCAC" box="[995,1041,770,791]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus> +. Molecular data have shown +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260957E68FE9EFC8D" box="[190,313,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260957E68FE9EFC8D" box="[190,313,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to be rather distantly related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262447E68FD6EFC8D" box="[623,713,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262447E68FD6EFC8D" box="[623,713,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0262FE7E6BFC15FC8C" author="Smith & Cranfill" box="[725,946,802,823]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="131 - 150" part="92" refId="ref114628" refString="SMITH, A. R. & R. B. CRANFILL. 2002. Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). Amer. Fern J. 92: 131 - 150." title="Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2002"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B0262FE7E6BFCB7FC8C" box="[725,784,802,823]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion> +& Cranfill 2002 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0263977E6BFBD1FC8C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[956,1142,802,823]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0264547E6BFF14FCEC" author="Patel" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press). Other neotropical genera of the family ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263397E08FC2FFCED" box="[786,904,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263397E08FC2FFCED" box="[786,904,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263B87E08FC52FCED" box="[915,1013,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263B87E08FC52FCED" box="[915,1013,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02642A7E08FBCBFCED" box="[1025,1132,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02642A7E08FBCBFCED" box="[1025,1132,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02645C7E0BFB7CFCEC" box="[1143,1243,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02645C7E0BFB7CFCEC" box="[1143,1243,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260527E28FEA5FCCD" box="[121,258,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260527E28FEA5FCCD" box="[121,258,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02611C7E28FE39FCCD" box="[311,414,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02611C7E28FE39FCCD" box="[311,414,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) are also distantly related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262937E28FC94FCCD" box="[696,819,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262937E28FC94FCCD" box="[696,819,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is sister to a large clade that includes predominantly paleotropical genera. Although molecular data are not available for many African species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0264AB7EC8FB7DFC2D" box="[1152,1242,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0264AB7EC8FB7DFC2D" box="[1152,1242,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, we find evidence that African members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262387EE8FC13FC0C" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[531,948,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262387EE8FDCAFC0D" box="[531,621,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02628F7EE8FCB8FC0D" box="[676,799,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +sensu Holttum +</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263C77EE8FBFBFC0D" box="[1004,1116,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chaseana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263C77EE8FBFBFC0D" box="[1004,1116,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. chaseana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0264A77EE8FF0BFC6C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gueinziana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0264A77EE8FF0BFC6C" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. gueinziana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) are more closely allied to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261997E88FDAAFC6D" box="[434,525,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261997E88FDAAFC6D" box="[434,525,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA09B0262397E8BFD89FC6C" box="[530,558,962,983]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262397E8BFD80FC6C" box="[530,551,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262757E88FD59FC6D" box="[606,766,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262757E88FD59FC6D" box="[606,766,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +than to the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA09B02635E7E8BFC07FC6C" box="[885,928,962,983]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263947E88FB9DFC6D" box="[959,1082,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263947E88FB9DFC6D" box="[959,1082,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press). Our circumscription of the genus is largely as treated in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B0262C87EABFCC7FC4C" author="Smith" box="[739,864,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B0262C87EABFCBAFC4C" box="[739,797,994,1015]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1971) +</bibRefCitation> +as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263AA7EA8FB25FC4D" box="[897,1154,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Cyclosorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263AA7EA8FC4EFC4D" box="[897,1001,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02640B7EA8FB25FC4D" box="[1056,1154,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, with the exclusion of a few species that are now placed in other genera. Among the neotropical taxa in that treatment, three are now included in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261337968FED5FB8D" box="[280,370,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261337968FED5FB8D" box="[280,370,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261557968FDFCFB8D" box="[382,603,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261557968FE52FB8C" box="[382,501,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conspersa">C. conspersa</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261D77968FDFCFB8D" box="[508,603,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">C. dentata</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02624E7968FD75FB8D" box="[613,722,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02624E7968FD75FB8D" box="[613,722,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), one in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02630F7968FC20FB8D" box="[804,903,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02630F7968FC20FB8D" box="[804,903,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA09B0263A7796BFC0FFB8C" box="[908,936,1058,1079]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263A7796BFC06FB8C" box="[908,929,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02639F7968FB94FB8C" box="[948,1075,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02639F7968FB94FB8C" box="[948,1075,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and another, the widely naturalized species +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261AE7908FDE1FBED" box="[389,582,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulenta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261AE7908FDE1FBED" box="[389,582,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris opulenta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is now placed in the paleotropical genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263C27908FBD1FBED" box="[1001,1142,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263C27908FBD1FBED" box="[1001,1142,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. All of the American species now placed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261957928FDBDFBCD" box="[446,538,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261957928FDBDFBCD" box="[446,538,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02620C7928FD2CFBCD" box="[551,651,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02620C7928FD2CFBCD" box="[551,651,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0262E87928FCF7FBCD" box="[707,848,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0262E87928FCF7FBCD" box="[707,848,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have the lowermost veins from adjacent segments truly united at an obtuse angle below the sinuses, producing an excurrent vein from this union that runs to the sinus, a condition largely absent in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0261C279E8FDC3FB0D" box="[489,612,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0261C279E8FDC3FB0D" box="[489,612,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA09B026082798BFF5CFA4C" blockId="73.[121,1250,161,1527]" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B026082798BFF7BFB6C" box="[169,220,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Notes</emphasis> +.—Based on phylogenetic analyses (Fawcett et al. in press), two varieties, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263A37988FB47FB6D" box="[904,1248,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ovatum" variety="lindheimeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263A37988FBEBFB6C" box="[904,1100,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron ovatum</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02645D7988FB47FB6D" box="[1142,1248,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">lindheimeri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02608879A8FE74FB4D" box="[163,467,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="patens" variety="dissimilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02608879A8FEE9FB4C" box="[163,334,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris patens</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02615579A8FE74FB4D" box="[382,467,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">dissimilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, are not sister to the typical varieties of their species. We refrain from making a combination for the latter, pending further study, but do provide one for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B026300784BFBBCFAAD" box="[811,1051,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ovatum" variety="lindheimeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B026300784BFC22FAAC" box="[811,901,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">P. ovatum</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02639A7848FBBCFAAD" box="[945,1051,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">lindheimeri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Additionally, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B02648C784BFF10FA8C" author="Smith" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B02648C784BFB46FAAC" box="[1191,1249,1282,1303]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1971) +</bibRefCitation> +hypothesized that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02615F786BFE6AFA8D" box="[372,461,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02615F786BFE6AFA8D" box="[372,461,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">P. kunthii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be of hybrid origin, involving +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263007868FC45FA8D" box="[811,994,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263007868FC45FA8D" box="[811,994,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Christella hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0264387868FB7CFA8C" box="[1043,1243,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0264387868FB7CFA8C" box="[1043,1243,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron ovatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, based on its intermediate morphology (e.g., hairs on adaxial laminae between veins, and some veins anastomosing). Although this taxon is recovered with high support as a member of the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02631A7828FC0BFACD" box="[817,940,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02631A7828FC0BFACD" box="[817,940,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +clade in both concatenated and coalescent analyses (Fawcett et al. in press), we do find support for the hypothesis proposed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA09B02642178CBFB21FA2C" author="Smith" box="[1034,1158,1410,1431]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="73" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA09B02642178CBFBE3FA2C" box="[1034,1092,1410,1431]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1971) +</bibRefCitation> +based on the discordant topologies of individual gene trees.Two other taxa in the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B02630978E8FC3AFA0D" box="[802,925,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02630978E8FC3AFA0D" box="[802,925,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +clade, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0263F678E8FF01FA6D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="patens" variety="dissimilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0263F678E8FB22FA0C" box="[989,1157,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">Thelypteris patens</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B02649B78E8FF01FA6D" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63">dissimilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA09B0260F3788BFEE3FA6D" box="[216,324,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="63"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA09B0260F3788BFEE7FA6D" box="[216,320,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizotis">P. schizotis</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +exhibit similar patterns of discordance, and all three taxa are currently the subject of further investigation. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA19B03604A7E7BFF78FCC7.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA19B03604A7E7BFF78FCC7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..96946394d92 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA19B03604A7E7BFF78FCC7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +<document id="85F17CCE3582A69A6EBC2E947BD07616" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA19B03604A7E7BFF78FCC7" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pakau pennigera S. 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Forst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[106,594,818,839]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360417E7BFEB0FCFC" bold="true" box="[106,279,818,839]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pakau pennigera</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362727E78FD64FCFD" bold="true" box="[601,707,817,838]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA19B0362727E78FD64FCFD" box="[601,707,817,838]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0362EF7E7CFF78FCC7" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0362EF7E7CFF78FCC7" blockId="72.[97,1226,780,892]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362FC7E7CFBD6FCFC" authority="G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr." box="[727,1137,821,839]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigerum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362FC7E7CFC2CFCFE" box="[727,907,821,838]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Polypodium pennigerum</emphasis> +G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.Prodr. +</taxonomicName> +82.1786.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03608A7E19FE68FCDA" authority="(G. Forst.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[161,463,848,865]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigerus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03608A7E19FEEDFCDB" box="[161,330,848,865]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Cyclosorus pennigerus</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0361C87E19FC9BFCDA" authority="(G. Forst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[483,828,848,865]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361C87E19FD01FCDB" box="[483,678,848,864]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pneumatopteris pennigera</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0363647E19FB3EFCDA" authority="(G. Forst.) H. H. Allan" authorityName="H. H. Allan" baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[847,1177,848,865]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363647E19FC56FCDB" box="[847,1009,848,865]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Thelypteris pennigera</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) H.H. Allan +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA19B0364887E19FF74FCC1" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0364887E19FF74FCC1" bold="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Figs. 7E, 7F</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cfde751d68a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,454 @@ +<document id="A1E0A161D323D234893260049FD3A747" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC" docLanguage="en" 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httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" blockId="75.[121,1182,1535,1597]" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" ID-CoL="6SM3" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" bold="true" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">PLESIONEURON</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060527B61FD8DF986" box="[121,554,1576,1597]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060527B61FD8DF986" blockId="75.[121,1182,1535,1597]" box="[121,554,1576,1597]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA29B0060527B61FD81F986" author="Plesioneuron Holttum" box="[121,550,1576,1597]" journal="Blumea" page="232" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" score="3.24319811522761" volume="22" year="1975"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060527B61FE01F986" ID-CoL="6SM3" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[121,422,1576,1597]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060527B61FF5AF986" bold="true" box="[121,253,1576,1597]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +22:232. 1975 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0062027B62FB39F987" box="[553,1182,1578,1596]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0062027B62FB39F987" blockId="75.[121,1182,1535,1597]" box="[553,1182,1578,1596]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA29B0062117B62FDFDF980" box="[570,602,1579,1595]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0062117B62FDFDF980" box="[570,602,1579,1595]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062497B63FC39F987" ID-CoL="4K9SX" authority="(Ces.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ces." box="[610,926,1578,1596]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062497B63FC8DF980" box="[610,810,1578,1595]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Plesioneuron tuberculatum</emphasis> +(Ces.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063997B63FB3CF987" ID-CoL="46ZWZ" authority="Ces." authorityName="Ces." box="[946,1179,1578,1596]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063997B63FBD3F980" box="[946,1140,1578,1595]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Nephrodium tuberculatum</emphasis> +Ces. +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060B27B19FD35F9C7" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060B27B19FE6BF9DA" blockId="75.[153,658,1616,1660]" box="[153,460,1616,1633]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060B27B19FE6BF9DA" ID-CoL="8R5X7" authority="Holttum" box="[153,460,1616,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Plesioneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060B27B19FF5BF9DA" box="[153,252,1616,1633]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061007B19FE2FF9DA" box="[299,392,1616,1633]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060B27B22FD35F9C7" blockId="75.[153,658,1616,1660]" box="[153,658,1643,1660]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +For additional generic synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00619F7B22FD83F9C7" author="Holttum" box="[436,548,1643,1660]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum (1975</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0062017B22FDF6F9C7" author="Holttum" box="[554,593,1643,1660]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0062737B22FD2FF9C7" author="Holttum" box="[600,648,1643,1660]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060527BD8FCB3F97C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060527BD8FCB3F97C" blockId="75.[121,1250,1681,1799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060527BD8FF5FF91D" box="[121,248,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061307BD8FEE9F91D" box="[283,334,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">plesio</emphasis> +, near + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061B37BDBFE7FF91C" box="[408,472,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">neuron</emphasis> +, vein, the genus was segregated from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063177BD8FC1EF91D" box="[828,953,1681,1702]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063177BD8FC1EF91D" box="[828,953,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from which it is distinguished by the basal basiscopic vein never arising far from its costule ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA29B0062E97BFBFCA0F97C" box="[706,775,1714,1735]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062E97BFBFCA0F97C" bold="true" box="[706,775,1714,1735]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0760837B9BFC6BFD4C" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0760837B9BFC6BFD4C" blockId="75.[121,1250,1681,1799]" lastBlockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +Plants terrestrial or epilithic, small to large ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA29B0062677B9BFD1CF95C" box="[588,699,1746,1767]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="160.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="20.0">20–300 cm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062E17B9BFC8FF95C" bold="true" box="[714,808,1746,1767]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">rhizomes</emphasis> +creeping to erect; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063FC7B9BFBBDF95C" bold="true" box="[983,1050,1746,1767]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, erect to pendent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060C57BBBFE8DF8BC" bold="true" box="[238,298,1778,1799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to dull brown, with ovate-lanceolate to linear, medium- to dark brown scales, these typically thin, sometimes thickened (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761DA7DEBFDDCFF0D" box="[497,635,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costulisorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761DA7DEBFDDCFF0D" box="[497,635,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. costulisorum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) at the base of stipe and rhizome apex, sometimes essentially lacking; dark projecting spines sometimes present along stipes (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762D17D8BFC06FF6D" box="[762,929,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dryopteroideum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762D17D8BFC06FF6D" box="[762,929,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. dryopteroideum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07639D7D88FC5FFF6D" bold="true" box="[950,1016,193,214]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to stiffly coriaceous, often drying dull-green or sometimes pale grayish, typically pinnate-pinnatisect, less often pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely pinnatifid ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761177C4BFE34FEAD" box="[316,403,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761177C4BFE34FEAD" box="[316,403,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. fulgens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), proximal pinnae generally abruptly or subabruptly reduced, often deflexed, rarely gradually reduced (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761697C6BFE66FE8D" box="[322,449,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761697C6BFE66FE8D" box="[322,449,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. imbricatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), apex conform or gradually reduced, proliferous buds lacking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764377C6BFBC5FE8C" bold="true" box="[1052,1122,290,311]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">pinnae</emphasis> +straight or falcate, sessile or petiolulate, typically strongly asymmetrical at the base, excavate basiscopically (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07647F7C0BFB1CFEEC" box="[1108,1211,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prenticei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07647F7C0BFB1CFEEC" box="[1108,1211,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. prenticei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), cuneate, rounded, or truncate, often with free basal lobe, but lacking expanded auricles; pinna apices frequently acuminate or caudate; sinus membranes often thickened, raised, and bearing hairs, forming a hairy ridge; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07641D7CCBFBCCFE2C" bold="true" box="[1078,1131,386,407]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">veins</emphasis> +generally free, running to the margin above the sinus or alongside sinus ridges, not forming areoles, basal basiscopic vein arising from or near costule; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761047C88FE07FE6D" bold="true" box="[303,416,449,470]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">aerophores</emphasis> +present as swollen discoloration, elongate in a few species (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764237C8BFBF4FE6D" box="[1032,1107,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="croftii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764237C8BFBF4FE6D" box="[1032,1107,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. croftii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07644D7C8BFF67FE4C" bold="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of short, unicellular, hyaline acicular hairs, usually restricted to veins and costae, sometimes also on laminar tissue, rarely lacking (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761497F4BFE54FDAD" box="[354,499,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761497F4BFE54FDAD" box="[354,499,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. tuberculatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), glands sometimes present, these yellow and spherical, sessile, or stipitate (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760B97F6BFEB4FD8D" box="[146,275,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subglabrum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760B97F6BFEB4FD8D" box="[146,275,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. subglabrum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), scales occasionally present on costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762A77F6BFCF5FD8C" bold="true" box="[652,850,546,567]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">indument adaxially</emphasis> +typically restricted to veins and costae, of hyaline acicular hairs and/or antrorsely arching reddish hairs along rachises and costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763907F08FBB5FDED" bold="true" box="[955,1042,577,598]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">pustules</emphasis> +sometimes present on laminar tissue adaxially or abaxially ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761CA7F2BFDE4FDCC" box="[481,579,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prenticei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761CA7F2BFDE4FDCC" box="[481,579,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.prenticei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07627E7F2BFDDAFDCC" bold="true" box="[597,637,610,631]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">sori</emphasis> +round, discrete, typically medial or inframedial, usually indusiate, indusia typically large, dark, and persistent, glabrous or with hairs or glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763B07FCBFBA5FD2C" bold="true" box="[923,1026,642,663]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">sporangia</emphasis> +unadorned, or with spherical amber or yellow glands (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761E77FEBFD69FD0D" box="[460,718,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761E77FEBFDE5FD0D" box="[460,578,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hopeanum">P.hopeanum</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762627FEBFD6DFD0D" box="[585,714,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricatum">P.imbricatum</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA59B0762FA7FEBFCA8FD0C" box="[721,783,674,695]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762FA7FEBFCA8FD0C" bold="true" box="[721,783,674,695]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fig. 2I</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), or setulae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763AE7FE8FC60FD0D" bold="true" box="[901,967,673,694]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">spores</emphasis> +often black, often minutely spinulose (echinate) or occasionally winged; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762227F8BFDB3FD6C" box="[521,532,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">x</emphasis> += 36, all spp. diploid based on counts from four species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764087F8BFBDFFD6D" box="[1059,1144,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764087F8BFBDFFD6D" box="[1059,1144,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.fulgens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764AF7F8BFB37FD6C" box="[1156,1168,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis> +=36), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7FABFF76FD4D" box="[97,209,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7FABFF76FD4D" box="[97,209,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.caudatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(2 +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760C17FABFF51FD4C" box="[234,246,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis> += 72), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761187FABFE60FD4D" box="[307,455,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keysserianum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761187FABFE60FD4D" box="[307,455,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. keysserianum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761F87FABFE78FD4C" box="[467,479,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis> += 36), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762367FABFD3EFD4C" box="[541,665,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wantotense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762367FABFD3EFD4C" box="[541,665,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.wantotense</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07628E7FABFD16FD4C" box="[677,689,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis> += 36). No hybrids are known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA59B0760BA7E4BFD5CFBAC" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BA7E4BFD5CFBAC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA7E4BFF4CFCAC" box="[145,235,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761227E48FED9FCAD" box="[265,382,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761227E48FED9FCAD" box="[265,382,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is predominantly found in New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0762D57E4BFCE3FCAC" box="[766,836,770,791]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Guinea</collectingCountry> +and the western Pacific, differs from the strictly Malesian +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761217E68FE2FFC8D" box="[266,392,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761217E68FE2FFC8D" box="[266,392,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by the proximity of the origin of the basal basiscopic vein to the costule ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA59B0764747E6BFB3FFC8C" box="[1119,1176,802,823]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6</figureCitation> +) (vs. arising far from it; +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA59B0761337E0BFEF8FCEC" box="[280,351,834,855]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fig. 9C</figureCitation> +), the presence of glandular or setulose sporangia (but never a reddish gland on sporangial stalks), and stiff, terete, spine-like scales along the stipe and rachis. These spines are often black and are also borne by species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760EB7EC8FEAEFC2D" box="[192,265,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760EB7EC8FEAEFC2D" box="[192,265,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which differ from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761957EC8FD94FC2D" box="[446,563,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761957EC8FD94FC2D" box="[446,563,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having less divided pinnae, veins generally anastomosing (vs. free), and by sori often inframedial or along costules (vs. medial to inframarginal; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07631F7EEBFC1CFC0C" author="Holttum" box="[820,955,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum 1975</bibRefCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0763E27EE8FB99FC0D" box="[969,1086,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763E27EE8FB99FC0D" box="[969,1086,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may generally be distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761127E8BFE6DFC6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[313,458,962,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761127E8BFE6DFC6C" box="[313,458,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA59B0761E47E8BFE4DFC6C" box="[463,490,962,983]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761E47E8BFE42FC6C" box="[463,485,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761DE7E88FDC2FC6D" box="[501,613,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761DE7E88FDC2FC6D" box="[501,613,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762B27E88FC9AFC6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[665,829,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762B27E88FC9AFC6D" box="[665,829,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by its pinnate-pinnatisect frond division, frequently asymmetrical pinna-bases, and free veins. Its larger stature and coarser laminae distinguish it from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7948FF42FBAD" box="[97,229,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7948FF42FBAD" box="[97,229,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and Old World +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761507948FE56FBAD" box="[379,497,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761507948FE56FBAD" box="[379,497,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which also have free veins. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA59B0760BA7968FF61FAAC" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BA7968FF61FAAC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA7968FE39FB8D" box="[145,414,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Biogeography and ecology.—</emphasis> +Totalling 60 species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762467968FD43FB8D" box="[621,740,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762467968FD43FB8D" box="[621,740,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +reaches its greatest diversity in the mountains of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07604A790BFE87FBEC" box="[97,288,1090,1111]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA59B076101790BFE9DFBEC" box="[298,314,1090,1111]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +few species extend north and west in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07629F790BFCA6FBEC" box="[692,769,1090,1111]" name="Malaysia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, and ca. 12 spp. ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076387790BFBE3FBEC" author="Holttum" box="[940,1092,1090,1111]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +) occur in the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07604A792BFEA6FBCC" box="[97,257,1122,1143]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B076122792BFEF5FBCC" box="[265,338,1122,1143]" name="Micronesia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Ponape</collectingCountry> +, and northern Queensland to Melanesia ( +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0762F7792BFD58FBCC" box="[732,767,1122,1143]" name="Fiji" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fiji</collectingCountry> +) and Polynesia from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0763EC792BFBAEFBCC" box="[967,1033,1122,1143]" name="Samoa" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Samoa</collectingCountry> +, the Society Islands, and the Marquesas Islands. The genus appears to be absent from mainland Asia (including +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0763EB79CBFC52FB2C" box="[960,1013,1154,1175]" name="India" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0763D679CBFB9CFB2C" box="[1021,1083,1154,1175]" name="China" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">China</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07646879CBFB3AFB2C" box="[1091,1181,1154,1175]" name="Thailand" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Thailand</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07604A79EBFF11FB0C" box="[97,182,1186,1207]" name="Vietnam" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +), as well as from peninsular +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0761ED79EBFDB9FB0C" box="[454,542,1186,1207]" name="Malaysia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Malaysia</collectingCountry> +, and western +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07628A79EBFD4CFB0C" box="[673,747,1186,1207]" name="Malaysia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Malesia</collectingCountry> +(Sumatra, Java), and has only a single widespread species in the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0760C0798BFEFFFB6C" box="[235,344,1218,1239]" name="Philippines" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Philippines</collectingCountry> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07614D798BFE75FB6C" box="[358,466,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="savaiense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07614D798BFE75FB6C" box="[358,466,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. savaiense</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). Species are epipetric or terrestrial and occur at low to middle elevations, but occasionally reach ~ +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA59B07610A79ABFECEFB4D" box="[289,361,1249,1271]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07615F79ABFE59FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[372,510,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +). They are found in forests, often along streams, and many species occur on limestone. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA59B0660BA786BFB74FEEC" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BA786BFEB1F9EC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA786BFE56FA8D" box="[145,497,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—Originally described as a subgenus of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0763B17868FB62FA8C" authority="(Holttum 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[922,1221,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763B17868FBB9FA8D" box="[922,1054,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076407786BFB1AFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[1068,1213,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7808FF71FAED" box="[97,214,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7808FF71FAED" box="[97,214,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was later elevated to generic status by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07626E780BFD7DFAEC" author="Holttum" box="[581,730,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum (1975)</bibRefCitation> +, who noted that it seemed to be most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07605C7828FF67FACD" box="[119,192,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07605C7828FF67FACD" box="[119,192,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, an idea supported by morphological data and, now, molecular data.As treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076392782BFBEAFACC" author="Holttum" box="[953,1101,1378,1399]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764787828FB6FFACD" box="[1107,1224,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764787828FB6FFACD" box="[1107,1224,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +comprised 49 species. We transfer one unusual species with bipinnate fronds, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07634C78C8FBFFFA2D" box="[871,1112,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07634C78C8FBFFFA2D" box="[871,1112,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron marattioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07645478C8FB6EFA2D" box="[1151,1225,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07645478C8FB6EFA2D" box="[1151,1225,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +based on morphology and molecular data (Fawcett et al. in press) and expand the genus to 60 by transferring thirteen species treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B076122788BFE3DFA6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[265,410,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B076122788BFE3DFA6C" box="[265,410,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076190788BFDF2FA6C" author="Holttum" box="[443,597,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076276788BFD29FA6C" author="Holttum" box="[605,654,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), and one by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076322788BFC0FFA6C" author="Takeuchi" box="[777,936,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="153 - 158" part="52" refId="ref115124" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2007. Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species. Blumea 52: 153 - 158." title="Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species" type="journal article" year="2007">Takeuchi (2007)</bibRefCitation> +, to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0763E37888FB9AFA6D" box="[968,1085,1473,1494]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763E37888FB9AFA6D" box="[968,1085,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(listed below). These are almost entirely free-veined species,keyed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07627578ABFCBFFA4C" author="Holttum" box="[606,792,1506,1527]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" page="418" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum(1982:418)</bibRefCitation> +in the second half of his key to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07641978ABFB65FA4C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1074,1218,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07641978ABFB65FA4C" box="[1074,1218,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, couplet 1, and also in the second half of his key to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762167B4BFCD3F9AC" authority="(Holttum 1973 a)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[573,884,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762167B4BFD69F9AC" box="[573,718,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B0762F27B4BFCC9F9AC" author="Holttum" box="[729,878,1538,1559]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1973a</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA59B0763577B4BFC2BF9AC" box="[892,908,1538,1559]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +study of the pteridophyte flora of the east Indonesian islands of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0761A87B6BFE6CF98C" box="[387,459,1570,1591]" name="Indonesia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Ambon</collectingCountry> +and Seram in the mid-1980’s yielded two additional species and a variety to the genus ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07608F7B0BFEABF9EC" author="Kato" box="[164,268,1602,1623]" firstAuthor="Kato" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="13 - 27" part="33" refId="ref110592" refString="KATO, M. 2007. Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B, 33: 13 - 27." title="Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2007">Kato 2007</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BB7B2BFE8DF96C" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +The eighteen samples, representing 15 of the 60 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762907B28FC97F9CD" box="[699,816,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762907B28FC97F9CD" box="[699,816,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press) are well-supported as monophyletic, and weakly supported as sister to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762607BC8FD3CF92D" box="[587,667,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762607BC8FD30F92D" box="[587,663,1665,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chingia</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +Together, these two genera form a clade with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764647BCBFB64F92C" box="[1103,1219,1666,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764647BCBFB64F92C" box="[1103,1219,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7BE8FF6EF90D" box="[97,201,1697,1718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7BE8FF6EF90D" box="[97,201,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760D77BEBFEC7F90C" box="[252,352,1698,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760D77BEBFEC7F90C" box="[252,352,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA59B07614F7BE8FED9F90D" box="[356,382,1697,1718]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07614F7BE8FEDFF90D" box="[356,376,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +While each of these genera is well-supported as monophyletic, backbone support among these genera is weak. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0660BA7BA8FB74FEEC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" lastBlockId="77.[121,1250,162,343]" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA7BA8FEF0F94D" box="[145,343,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66"> +Notes.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760F47BA8FEF0F94D" box="[223,343,1761,1782]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is one of the least-studied genera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07629D7BABFCFAF94C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[694,861,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, with many species known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA59B0760AF7A48FF08F8AD" box="[132,175,1793,1814]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus> +or a few collections. New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07618D7A4BFE48F8AC" box="[422,495,1794,1815]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Guinea</collectingCountry> +, the center of diversity for the genus, remains poorly collected. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA59B07646C7A4BFBF0F8AC" box="[1095,1111,1794,1815]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +diverse and unusual group of diminutive epilithic calciphiles occurs at higher elevation karst terrains in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA49B0663D77DEBFB11FF0C" box="[1020,1206,162,183]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry> +and were treated within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661107D8BFE6BFF6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[315,460,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661107D8BFE6BFF6C" box="[315,460,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA49B0661C57D8BFD23FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[494,644,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +(see +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06629F7D8BFC97FF6D" box="[692,816,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">incertae sedis</emphasis> +under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06635F7D8BFBA2FF6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[884,1029,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06635F7D8BFBA2FF6C" box="[884,1029,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for further discussion, and an enumeration of these taxa), but may be most closely allied with +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663017DA8FC00FF4D" box="[810,935,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663017DA8FC05FF4D" box="[810,930,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +We refrain from assigning these species to a genus, due to lack of material for both morphological and molecular study. Although several of these taxa share the asymmetrical pinna-bases, pinnatisect laminae, and free veins, some differ from typical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664337C68FB2AFE8D" box="[1048,1165,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664337C68FB2AFE8D" box="[1048,1165,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by proximal pinnae gradually reduced, and pinnae shallowly lobed, with a few anastomosing pairs of veins (vs. all veins free). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6d555db31a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ +<document id="4FA82149C2FF63931B6D4FE787FBB423" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Phegopteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="16C56E31C2FAC3A62353C37D9AB996B8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="6E78F745B3E0803599D9F72CFEC1001C"> +<mods:title id="BB1EE78715E0968B32335DC9FE2FA82D">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="7D18FCA6352717B892CCE88FBDBB1EB2" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="FB3C0190A4194A3281AFC2C2D53F5598"> +<mods:roleTerm id="98E490DF4B3E28C70DEBEE0F555E306F">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="96D9DA4314D7009CE751D2774F910B7C">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E4ABAF452A97BB12202AB1B1A9FD6BE7" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="16258CFE73E753D1A6CA334A04C8F1D4"> +<mods:roleTerm id="86E9B19283A71652DF2DEBE9BAE33467">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="34768D9B6C6E818EE6E4D78994756705">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="DD1A0AC802A01BD538173B939563865E">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="808B325CEBE913DB925F4B116E9452FD"> +<mods:dateIssued id="7538B7607BF747724AB234847CFB8E7B">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="E37FC9A3C6742BA265B0F605ED86C78C">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="9E5D5FD87EAB1CF42A0171B2916F807C"> +<mods:placeTerm id="FF55D886354FD2322AA2C1A32A97A2EA">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="A1846A85454D06F82338B7E37BED02B4">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA39B00621B79D6FBE3FA6C" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" blockId="74.[97,1227,1183,1271]" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" ID-CoL="6N3D" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01621B79D6FD5EFB02" bold="true" box="[560,761,1183,1209]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">PHEGOPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7981FD3BFB66" box="[97,668,1223,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7981FD3BFB66" blockId="74.[97,1227,1183,1271]" box="[97,668,1223,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFA39B01604A7981FD3BFB66" box="[97,668,1223,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01604A7981FE57FB67" ID-CoL="6N3D" authority="(C. Presl) Fee, Mem. Foug." authorityName="Fee, Mem. Foug." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[97,496,1223,1245]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7981FF7BFB66" bold="true" box="[97,220,1224,1245]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Phegopteris</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Fée, Mém. Foug. +</taxonomicName> +5:242–243. 1852. +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0162B07982FC71FB4C" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0162B07982FC71FB4C" blockId="74.[97,1227,1183,1271]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA39B0162847982FD5DFB60" box="[687,762,1227,1243]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus> +(designated by +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA39B0163537982FB66FB67" author="Ching" box="[888,1217,1227,1244]" issue="4" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="312" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963"> +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFA39B0163537982FB66FB67" author="Ching" box="[888,1217,1227,1244]" issue="4" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="312" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963"> +Ching, +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFA39B0163997982FB66FB67" box="[946,1217,1227,1244]" issue="4" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="312" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963">Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(4):312. 1963</bibCitation> +</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +): +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01608A79ACFE25FB4C" ID-CoL="4FXZ9" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[161,386,1253,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01608A79ACFEC3FB4D" box="[161,356,1253,1270]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Phegopteris polypodioides</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +(based on +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0161F879ACFD21FB4D" ID-CoL="6N3D" box="[467,646,1253,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phegopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161F879ACFD21FB4D" box="[467,646,1253,1270]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Polypodium phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L.) [= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01629D79ACFC75FB4C" ID-CoL="4FXST" authority="(Michx.) Watt" authorityName="Watt" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[694,978,1253,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01629D79ACFCC5FB4D" box="[694,866,1253,1270]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis> +(Michx.) Watt +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0160AA7843FE7BFA8C" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0160AA7843FE1BFAA7" blockId="74.[129,476,1290,1335]" box="[129,444,1290,1308]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160AA7843FF66FAA0" box="[129,193,1290,1307]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Lastrella</emphasis> +(H. Ito in Nakai & Honda) Nakai +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0160AA786CFE7BFA8C" blockId="74.[129,476,1290,1335]" box="[129,476,1317,1335]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA39B01614A786FFE7FFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[353,472,1318,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7805FD7AFAD9" box="[97,733,1356,1378]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7805FD7AFAD9" blockId="74.[97,1228,1356,1826]" box="[97,733,1356,1378]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7805FF6EFADA" box="[97,201,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161287805FEE7FADA" box="[259,320,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">phegos</emphasis> +, beech + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161B37804FE6BFAD9" box="[408,460,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">pteris</emphasis> +, fern, a fern of beech forests. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0060A47824FB80FE2C" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0060A47824FB80FE2C" blockId="74.[97,1228,1356,1826]" lastBlockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA39B0162347824FD24FA39" box="[543,643,1389,1410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20–60 cm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162B97824FD57FA39" bold="true" box="[658,752,1389,1410]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">rhizomes</emphasis> +long-creeping, branching, subterranean, or short, ascending, or erect, with pale to brown, ovate scales with marginal hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01633E78C4FCFFFA19" bold="true" box="[789,856,1421,1442]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, erect to arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164A678C4FB6FFA19" bold="true" box="[1165,1224,1421,1442]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">stipes</emphasis> +dull-stramineous, terete to shallowly grooved adaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162AF78E4FD5FFA7A" bold="true" box="[644,760,1452,1474]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">stipe scales</emphasis> +stramineous to brown, ovate to lanceolate with marginal setulae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161217885FEEBFA5A" bold="true" box="[266,332,1484,1505]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to membranaceous, deciduous, with no clear articulations, broadly ovate-deltate, broadest at or near base of lamina (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0161C978A4FDD9F9BA" box="[482,638,1516,1538]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexagonoptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161C978A4FDD9F9BA" box="[482,638,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P. hexagonoptera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or lanceolate, tapering towards apex and base ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01647D78A4FF01F999" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decursivepinnata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01647D78A4FF01F999" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P. decursivepinnata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), pinnate-pinnatifid to nearly bipinnate (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0162777B44FD1CF99A" box="[604,699,1548,1570]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koreana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162777B44FD1CF99A" box="[604,699,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P.koreana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), with alate rachises (sometimes proximal pinna-pairs free), these often with small, vascularized extensions of laminar tissue connecting adjacent pinnae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164107B64FB25F9F9" bold="true" box="[1083,1154,1581,1602]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">pinnae</emphasis> +deeply lobed, segments entire, or with crenate to lobed margins, pinna-bases adnate, with decurrent wings to next pinna-pair, sometimes bases of proximal one or two pinna-pairs narrowed and sessile (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0163737B24FC6CF93A" box="[856,971,1644,1666]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163737B24FC6CF93A" box="[856,971,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">P. connectilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163F57B24FBB4F939" bold="true" box="[990,1043,1645,1666]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">veins</emphasis> +free, often forking, reaching margin of lamina, or terminating near margin; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162A67BC5FD58F91A" bold="true" box="[653,767,1676,1697]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">aerophores</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01637A7BC4FB08F919" bold="true" box="[849,1199,1676,1698]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">indument abaxially and adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs and narrow, hyaline, lanceolate scales with setulose margins, borne on rachises, costae, veins, and laminar tissue, or restricted to axes; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161EF7B85FDBCF95A" bold="true" box="[452,539,1740,1761]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162407B84FD34F959" bold="true" box="[619,659,1741,1762]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">sori</emphasis> +medial, discrete, exindusiate, rarely with small indusium; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7BA4FF6DF8B9" bold="true" box="[97,202,1773,1794]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">sporangia</emphasis> +sometimes with acicular or capitate hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162AB7BA5FD62F8BA" bold="true" box="[640,709,1772,1793]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">spores</emphasis> +smooth with essentially no ornamentation (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164937BA4FEA3F89A" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA39B0164937BA4FB6FF8B9" box="[1208,1224,1773,1794]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode> +. decursive-pinnata +</emphasis> +), a low reticulum, or tubercules ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA39B0162677A44FD52F899" author="Patel" box="[588,757,1804,1826]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="74" pageNumber="64" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA39B0162D47A44FC3EF899" author="Kim" box="[767,921,1804,1826]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kim" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" pagination="440 - 443" part="14" refId="ref110727" refString="KIM, C. H., B. - Y. SUN, & S. H. PARK. 2004. A new species of Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Korea. Novon 14: 440 - 443." title="A new species of Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Korea" type="journal article" year="2004">Kim et al. 2004</bibRefCitation> +), also with an adnate perine (a feature apparently unique within the family ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00620D7DEBFCB6FF0C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[550,785,162,183]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +)); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063027DEBFC93FF0C" box="[809,820,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">x</emphasis> += 30, with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known, based on counts of five of the six species. For +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062BC7D88FC17FF6D" box="[663,944,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062BC7D88FCA3FF6D" box="[663,772,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phegopteris</taxonomicName> +decursive-pinnata +</emphasis> +, all three cytotypes have been reported, suggesting further study is needed. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00620C7DA8FD52FF4D" box="[551,757,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00620C7DA8FD52FF4D" box="[551,757,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is predominantly triploid throughout its circumboreal distribution, though diploid cytotypes are known from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0062957C4BFD53FEAC" box="[702,756,258,279]" name="Japan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Japan</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00632A7C4BFC0DFEAC" author="Matsumoto" box="[769,938,258,279]" firstAuthor="Matsumoto" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., B." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="101 - 110" part="8" refId="ref111860" refString="MATSUMOTO, S. 1982. Distribution patterns of two reproductive types of Phegopteris connectilis in eastern Japan. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., B., 8: 101 - 110." title="Distribution patterns of two reproductive types of Phegopteris connectilis in eastern Japan" type="journal article" year="1982">Matsumoto 1982</bibRefCitation> +). The North American allotetraploid, previously treated within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0061807C6BFDB8FE8D" box="[427,543,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061807C6BFDB8FE8D" box="[427,543,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. connectilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, has been segregated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00632D7C68FBDDFE8C" authority="(Patel et al. 2019 b)" baseAuthorityName="Patel" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[774,1146,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00632D7C68FC62FE8D" box="[774,965,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris excelsior</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0063FB7C6BFBD3FE8C" author="Patel" box="[976,1140,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="211 - 218" part="27" refId="ref112771" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, & A. V. GILMAN. 2019 b. Phegopteris excelsior (Thelypteridaceae): a new species of North American tetraploid beech fern. Novon 27: 211 - 218." title="Phegopteris excelsior (Thelypteridaceae): a new species of North American tetraploid beech fern" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="b">Patel et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. Apomixis is known to occur in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0061697C0BFE04FEED" box="[322,419,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061697C0BFE04FEED" box="[322,419,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. excelsior</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and both apomictic and sexual populations of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00634D7C0BFC7CFEED" box="[870,987,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00634D7C0BFC7CFEED" box="[870,987,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. connectilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064237C0BFB18FEED" box="[1032,1215,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0064237C0BFBB1FEEC" box="[1032,1046,322,343]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode> +. decursive-pinnata +</emphasis> +are reported. Although no hybrids are known, there is compelling evidence for hybrid speciation ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0063DF7C2BFB0DFECC" author="Driscoll" box="[1012,1194,354,375]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Driscoll" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="309 - 321" part="105" refId="ref108073" refString="DRISCOLL, H. E., D. S. BARRINGTON, & A. V. GILMAN. 2003. A reexamination of the apogamous tetraploid Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from northeastern North America. Rhodora 105: 309 - 321." title="A reexamination of the apogamous tetraploid Phegopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from northeastern North America" type="journal article" year="2003">Driscoll et al. 2003</bibRefCitation> +; Patel et al. unpubl. data). See +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0061737CCBFE4CFE2C" author="Chandra" box="[344,491,386,407]" firstAuthor="Chandra" journalOrPublisher="Sci. & Cult." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="259 - 260" part="29" refId="ref107091" refString="CHANDRA, P. 1963. Observations on the gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte of Lastrea phegopteris and Lastrea pyrrhorhachis. Sci. & Cult. 29: 259 - 260." title="Observations on the gametophyte and juvenile sporophyte of Lastrea phegopteris and Lastrea pyrrhorhachis" type="journal article" year="1963">Chandra (1963</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0061D87CCBFD85FE2C" author="Chandra" box="[499,546,386,407]" firstAuthor="Chandra" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Indian Acad. Sci." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="68 - 79" part="79" refId="ref107147" refString="CHANDRA, P. 1974. Observations on the genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris and Macrothelypteris. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 79: 68 - 79." title="Observations on the genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation> +) for illustrations of anatomy and microscopic features. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060827CEBFB23FD8C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060827CEBFB23FD8C" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060827CEBFEADFE0C" box="[169,266,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—The primarily north-temperate and montane +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062FA7CE8FC9CFE0D" box="[721,827,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062FA7CE8FC9CFE0D" box="[721,827,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be distinguished from its mostly tropical sister genus, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00613C7C88FE67FE6D" box="[279,448,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00613C7C88FE67FE6D" box="[279,448,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and closely related tropical genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063387C88FC08FE6D" box="[787,943,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063387C88FC08FE6D" box="[787,943,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by the adnate pinna-bases, and winged rachises with vascularized projections between pinnae (vs. pinnae mostly free, with only the distal pinnae adnate). Additionally, the stipe-scales of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00623E7F48FD23FDAD" box="[533,644,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00623E7F48FD23FDAD" box="[533,644,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +bear setulae restricted to the margins, while stipe-scales of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060527F68FE84FD8D" box="[121,291,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060527F68FE84FD8D" box="[121,291,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00617B7F68FE4BFD8D" box="[336,492,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00617B7F68FE4BFD8D" box="[336,492,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also bear setulae on the scale surfaces ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00634B7F6BFC4DFD8C" author="Lin" box="[864,1002,546,567]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0063DA7F6BFBDEFD8C" author="Holttum" box="[1009,1145,546,567]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060827F08FD9EFCCC" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060827F08FD9EFCCC" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060827F08FE39FDED" box="[169,414,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—The six species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00624C7F08FD75FDED" box="[615,722,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00624C7F08FD75FDED" box="[615,722,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are primarily north-temperate, with a few subtropical montane occurrences as far south as +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0061F87F2BFDBBFDCC" box="[467,540,610,631]" name="Taiwan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +, occurring from near sea-level to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA29B00637E7F2BFC07FDCC" box="[853,928,610,631]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</quantity> +. They may be terrestrial or epipetric, in shady forest understories, or along streams, or in open, disturbed sites. The apomictic triploid, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0064587FC8FF7FFD0D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064587FC8FF7FFD0D" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, has among the broadest geographic ranges of any vascular plant species, extending throughout the northern temperate and boreal forests of Europe, Asia, and North America. Two species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063557F8BFBBCFD6D" box="[894,1051,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexagonoptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063557F8BFBBCFD6D" box="[894,1051,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. hexagonoptera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0064797F8BFB10FD6D" box="[1106,1207,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064797F8BFB10FD6D" box="[1106,1207,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. excelsior</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, are endemic to eastern North America, and two are endemic to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0062E07FABFC8FFD4C" box="[715,808,738,759]" name="China" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">East Asia</collectingCountry> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063197FABFC32FD4D" box="[818,917,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koreana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063197FABFC32FD4D" box="[818,917,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. koreana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B00639D7FABFC55FD4C" box="[950,1010,738,759]" name="South Korea" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Korea</collectingCountry> +, and another, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0064547FABFB7DFD4D" box="[1151,1242,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0064547FABFB7DFD4D" box="[1151,1242,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. tibetica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, known from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA29B0061377E4BFEEEFCAC" box="[284,329,770,791]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus> +, collected from montane conifer forests in Tibet and in neighboring +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0063F17E4BFBB4FCAC" box="[986,1043,770,791]" name="Nepal" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Nepal</collectingCountry> +(Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015). +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060907E68FE74FC8D" box="[187,467,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060907E68FE80FC8D" box="[187,295,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phegopteris</taxonomicName> +decursive-pinnata +</emphasis> +is widespread in continental temperate and subtropical Asia, also extending to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0060527E0BFF67FCEC" box="[121,192,834,855]" name="Taiwan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0060C77E0BFE82FCEC" box="[236,293,834,855]" name="Japan" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Japan</collectingCountry> +.It has recently been reported as naturalized in the southeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA29B0063A87E0BFBA5FCEC" box="[899,1026,834,855]" name="United States of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">United States</collectingCountry> +, where it likely escaped from cultivation (Florez-Parra & Keener 2016). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060827ECBFB89FA2C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060827ECBFF66FBEC" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060827ECBFE51FC2D" box="[169,502,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—When +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0062607ECBFD17FC2C" author="Fee" box="[587,688,898,919]" firstAuthor="Fee" journalOrPublisher="Berger-Levrault, Strasbourg, France" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" refId="ref108464" refString="FEE, A. L. A. 1852. Genera filicum: exposition des genres de la famille des Polypodiacees. Berger-Levrault, Strasbourg, France." title="Genera filicum: exposition des genres de la famille des Polypodiacees" type="book" year="1852">Fée (1852)</bibRefCitation> +elevated +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00632C7EC8FCD6FC2D" box="[775,881,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00632C7EC8FCD6FC2D" box="[775,881,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to generic status, his concept included over 50 species with morphologically similar sori and venation, and subsequently hundreds of combinations spanning a diversity of currently accepted fern families were published in that genus. More than a century later, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0064137E8BFB1FFC6C" author="Ching" box="[1080,1208,962,983]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +was the first to recognize the genus in its current, narrow circumscription, also recognizing the close affinity, but distinctness, of two segregate genera, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0061BF7948FD99FBAD" box="[404,574,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061BF7948FD99FBAD" box="[404,574,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062477948FCA0FBAD" box="[620,775,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062477948FCA0FBAD" box="[620,775,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. These three genera together constitute one of the two subfamilies, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B006130796BFE68FB8C" box="[283,463,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName> +. The remaining genera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062EE796BFCCDFB8C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[709,874,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +are within the Thelypteridoideae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00649F796BFF11FBEC" author="PPG I" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016"> +PPG +<date id="FFA01020FFA29B006052790BFF11FBEC" box="[121,182,1090,1111]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" value="2016-01">I 2016</date> +</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B006081792BFECEFB6D" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +All molecular phylogenetic studies to date ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006271792BFC98FBCC" author="Smith & Cranfill" box="[602,831,1122,1143]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="131 - 150" part="92" refId="ref114628" refString="SMITH, A. R. & R. B. CRANFILL. 2002. Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). Amer. Fern J. 92: 131 - 150." title="Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2002"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA29B006271792BFD31FBCC" box="[602,662,1122,1143]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Smith</collectingRegion> +& Cranfill 2002 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006361792BFBA6FBCC" author="He & Zhang" box="[842,1025,1122,1143]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006420792BFB7AFBCC" author="Schneider" box="[1035,1245,1122,1143]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="61 - 70" part="51" refId="ref113867" refString="SCHNEIDER, H., L-J. HE, J. MARQUARDT, L. WANG, J. HEINRICHS, S. HENNEQUIN, & X-C. ZHANG. 2013. Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 61 - 70." title="Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris" type="journal article" year="2013">Schneider et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00605279CBFE94FB2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[121,307,1154,1175]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00611779CBFE78FB2C" author="Patel" box="[316,479,1154,1175]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press) have corroborated the monophyly of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00640179CBFB79FB2C" box="[1066,1246,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName> +, and the monophyly of its three constituent genera. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00627079E8FD62FB0D" box="[603,709,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00627079E8FD62FB0D" box="[603,709,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00630579E8FC70FB0D" box="[814,983,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00630579E8FC70FB0D" box="[814,983,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and that combined clade is sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060E37988FEC4FB6D" box="[200,355,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060E37988FEC4FB6D" box="[200,355,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B00608279ABFB89FA2C" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00608279ABFDBEFB4D" box="[169,537,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +Notes.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060D779A8FECDFB4D" box="[252,362,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phegopteris</taxonomicName> +decursive-pinnata +</emphasis> +has been the subject of several important studies on fern reproductive biology. Its study has contributed to our understanding of the functional differences in breeding systems in diploids vs. tetraploids ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B006123786BFE01FA8C" author="Masuyama" box="[264,422,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Masuyama" journalOrPublisher="Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="275 - 289" part="92" refId="ref111806" refString="MASUYAMA, S. 1979. Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 92: 275 - 289." title="Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata" type="journal article" year="1979">Masuyama 1979</bibRefCitation> +) and the mechanisms underlying gametophytic self-incompatibility ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00641E786BFB70FA8C" author="Masuyama" box="[1077,1239,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Masuyama" journalOrPublisher="Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="107 - 121" part="99" refId="ref111833" refString="MASUYAMA, S. 1986. Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 99: 107 - 121." title="Reproductive biology of the fern Phegopteris decursive-pinnata" type="journal article" year="1986">Masuyama 1986</bibRefCitation> +). It has also yielded insight into the pathways to autopolyploid speciation, which has been rarely studied in ferns ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0064B3780BFF7CFACC" author="Nakato" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nakato" journalOrPublisher="J. Pl. Res." pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="465 - 474" part="125" refId="ref112304" refString="NAKATO, N., R. OOTSUKI, N. MURAKAMI, & S. MASUYAMA 2012. Two types of partial fertility in a diploid population of the fern Thelypteris decursive-pinnata (Thelypteridaceae). J. Pl. Res. 125: 465 - 474." title="Two types of partial fertility in a diploid population of the fern Thelypteris decursive-pinnata (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Nakato et al. 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0060C8782BFE15FACC" author="Kawakami" box="[227,434,1377,1399]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kawakami" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="319 - 322" part="84" refId="ref110643" refString="KAWAKAMI, S. M., J. KATO, & S. KAWAKAMI. 2019. Meiosis of dihaploid Thelypteris decursive-pinnata produced artificially by induced apogamy. Cytologia 84: 319 - 322." title="Meiosis of dihaploid Thelypteris decursive-pinnata produced artificially by induced apogamy" type="journal article" year="2019">Kawakami et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +). Because of the ease of propagation, the diversity of ploidy and breeding systems, and strong foundational work, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00615E78C8FE78FA2D" box="[373,479,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00615E78C8FE78FA2D" box="[373,479,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +remains an excellent candidate for future experimental study. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B00608278E8FBE3FA6C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B00608278E8FBE3FA6C" blockId="75.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00608278E8FEF1FA0C" box="[169,342,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00615678E8FD7DFA0D" authority="(Michx.) Watt" authorityName="Watt" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[381,730,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="connectilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00615678E8FDEBFA0D" box="[381,588,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Phegopteris connectilis</emphasis> +(Michx.) Watt +</taxonomicName> +; * +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062C778EBFC04FA0D" box="[748,931,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0062C778EBFD5DFA0C" box="[748,762,1442,1463]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode> +. decursive-pinnata +</emphasis> +(H. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0063EC78EBFC7EFA0C" box="[967,985,1442,1463]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Hall) Fée; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00646678EBFE9CFA6C" authority="N. R. Patel & A. V. Gilman" authorityName="N. R. Patel & A. V. Gilman" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00646678EBFB16FA0D" box="[1101,1201,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. excelsior</emphasis> +N.R. Patel & A.V. Gilman +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B006166788BFDCEFA6C" authority="(Michx.) Fee" authorityName="Fee" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[333,617,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexagonoptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B006166788BFE4FFA6D" box="[333,488,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. hexagonoptera</emphasis> +(Michx.) Fée +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00625A788BFC3BFA6C" authority="B. Y. Sun & C. H. Kim" authorityName="B. Y. Sun & C. H. Kim" box="[625,924,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koreana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00625A788BFD77FA6D" box="[625,720,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P.koreana</emphasis> +B.Y. Sun & C.H. Kim +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00638F788BFBE3FA6C" authority="Ching." box="[932,1092,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00638F788BFC5AFA6D" box="[932,1021,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">P. tibetica</emphasis> +Ching. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7901FD3EFBCC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7901FD3EFBCC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..de69b9bace3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7901FD3EFBCC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +<document id="22AAD74D0FA536D24DABA2BDDD07A8E0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7901FD3EFBCC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron tuerckheimii A. 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Gaz." box="[872,1227,1098,1116]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuerckheimii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163437903FB80FBE0" box="[872,1063,1098,1115]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Nephrodium tuerckheimii</emphasis> +Donn.Sm., Bot. Gaz. +</taxonomicName> +12:133, t. 11.1887.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B016116792CFD3EFBCC" authority="(Donn. Sm.) C. F. Reed" box="[317,665,1125,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuerckheimii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B016116792CFE57FBCD" box="[317,496,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris tuerckheimii</emphasis> +(Donn.Sm.) 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Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Sw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01640D795CFB39FB9E" box="[1062,1182,1045,1062]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Christella serra</emphasis> +(Sw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160C97979FF52FBFA" box="[226,245,1072,1089]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160DE7979FE5EFBFA" authority="(Sw.) R. P. St. John." authorityName="R. P. St. John." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[245,505,1072,1089]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160DE7979FEC8FBFB" box="[245,367,1072,1089]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris serra</emphasis> +(Sw.) R.P. St.John. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA39B01622A7979FD9EFBFB" box="[513,569,1072,1089]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01622A7979FD9EFBFB" bold="true" box="[513,569,1072,1089]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Fig. 7D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C0BFC4DFECA.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C0BFC4DFECA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..868b61745cc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C0BFC4DFECA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="AA2F8ECA987BDC1B81C49AC049ED2FCC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C0BFC4DFECA" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron clivale A. 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Fawc., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="3C9E74228B2266FF5A0AD7398EDC5960" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="64A037F05797BF267F36ACCFCE4494B4"> +<mods:title id="061B183C03685C8AC18EE6060DDBFE8A">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="3B36435C37ED6DB2A510A040B3BD5E8D" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="BA7BC494C1FE2BDB96BA5D49B77DFBBD"> +<mods:roleTerm id="8512C110461A7117D069BCC9C94CCA58">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="F88387B585448B4CFCDBEBACFE9972DD">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="8DD42749072BFA3D7FC7DCA84FDD58D3" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="45FB57DC3E83A2052019CA6B37911785"> +<mods:roleTerm id="01EB8583447FFEB5B4C9591F0E74E1D8">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="CAB6B3C418DD10F05EE7EA425594D1DF">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="5C94C24FEBFF0EC6CDAF5B0FFAD97BEE">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="1DBF54CF58FA5F1E03E972ECC8EC082F"> +<mods:dateIssued id="087641059D8F097017CCBC9E9FC7AD13">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="F5A5EF75CE838EA771316237C74CA415">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="23E68C41BEC713611BD5E8F8A99D99B0"> +<mods:placeTerm id="CCF53F16D05BDEF4DDE357AB8726287E">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="19C8E2392DEF75DCE51D671E428F26CF">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C0BFC4DFECA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C0BFC4DFECA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C0BFC4DFECA" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7C0BFCAEFEED" box="[97,777,321,343]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7C0BFCAEFEED" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" box="[97,777,321,343]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA39B01604A7C0BFCAEFEED" box="[97,777,321,343]" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7C0BFFCDFEEC" bold="true" box="[97,106,322,343]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160417C0BFD35FEEC" ID-CoL="8RTWD" authority="(A. R. Sm.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[106,658,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clivale" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160417C0BFEE4FEEC" bold="true" box="[106,323,322,343]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Pelazoneuron clivale</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162B07C08FCAEFEED" bold="true" box="[667,777,321,342]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA39B0162B07C08FCAEFEED" box="[667,777,321,342]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0163217C0CFC4DFECA" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0163217C0CFC4DFECA" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA39B0163377C0CFF60FECA" author="Fieldiana" journal="Bot., n. s." page="45" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="1.370591326386458" volume="29" year="1992"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0163377C0CFBD7FEEE" ID-CoL="8RFCZ" authority="A. R. Sm., Fieldiana, Bot." authorityName="A. R. Sm., Fieldiana, Bot." box="[796,1136,325,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clivalis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163377C0CFC0DFEED" box="[796,938,325,342]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris clivalis</emphasis> +A.R. Sm., Fieldiana, Bot. +</taxonomicName> +, n.s., 29:45. 1992 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160F57C29FE53FECA" ID-CoL="8R86G" authority="(A. R. Sm.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[222,500,352,369]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clivalis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160F57C29FEF8FECA" box="[222,351,352,369]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Christella clivalis</emphasis> +(A.R.Sm.) A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01622E7C29FC4DFECA" ID-CoL="8SCGC" authority="(C. Chr.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[517,1002,352,369]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="grandis" variety="aequatorialis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01622E7C29FD32FECA" box="[517,661,352,369]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris grandis</emphasis> +A.R.Sm.var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162D77C29FCF9FECA" box="[764,862,352,369]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">aequatorialis</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C3EFDE1FE1C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C3EFDE1FE1C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cb724f9892f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C3EFDE1FE1C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +<document id="8F779E399162850ADDBD6E79A11DFD62" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7C3EFDE1FE1C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron cretaceum A. R. Sm. & S. E. 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Sci" box="[785,1175,272,289]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blepharis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01633A7C59FC0AFE9A" box="[785,941,272,289]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris blepharis</emphasis> +A.R.Sm., Proc.Calif.Acad.Sci +</taxonomicName> +, ser. 4, 40:227,f. 7F-H. 1975. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7CABFBE0FD97.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7CABFBE0FD97.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ad977fc8c20 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7CABFBE0FD97.xml @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +<document id="529D56004BE060EF0164C046C9C9AC1C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7CABFBE0FD97" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron kunthii A. 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C.V.Morton. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0160AA7F52FBE0FD97" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" box="[129,1095,538,556]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA39B0160AA7F52FE4CFD97" author="C. Chr., Ark. Bot." box="[129,491,538,556]" journal="Ark. Bot." page="31" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="8.581610745654064" volume="9" year="1910"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160AA7F52FE3AFD90" authority="C. Chr., Ark. Bot." authorityName="C. Chr., Ark. 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Chr.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[106,620,215,237]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="berroi" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160417D91FE9EFF56" bold="true" box="[106,313,216,237]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Pelazoneuron berroi</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. 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Salino & A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01634D7DBCFBDAFEBC" authority="(C. Chr.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[870,1149,245,263]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="berroi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01634D7DBCFC4CFEBD" box="[870,1003,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris berroi</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7DEBFC9EFF6A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7DEBFC9EFF6A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4bfd966d8ce --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7DEBFC9EFF6A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<document id="4BBDF77DBC92C313A083BABDB1099C68" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7DEBFC9EFF6A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron augescens A. R. Sm. & S. E. 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R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Link" box="[106,637,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="augescens" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160417DEBFEC6FF0D" bold="true" box="[106,353,161,183]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Pelazoneuron augescens</emphasis> +(Link) A.R. Sm. & S.E. 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Spec." box="[775,1107,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="augescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01632C7DE8FC1AFF0C" box="[775,957,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Aspidium augescens</emphasis> +Link, Fil. Spec. +</taxonomicName> +103. 1841.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01608A7D89FE13FF6A" authority="(Link) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Link" box="[161,436,192,209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="augescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01608A7D89FE93FF6B" box="[161,308,192,209]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Christella augescens</emphasis> +(Link) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0161ED7D89FC9EFF6A" authority="(Link) Munz & I. M. Johnst." authorityName="Munz & I. M. Johnst." baseAuthorityName="Link" box="[454,825,192,209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="augescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161ED7D89FDC4FF6B" box="[454,611,192,209]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris augescens</emphasis> +(Link) Munz & I.M. Johnst. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E41FDB0FC8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E41FDB0FC8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0426012a9fa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E41FDB0FC8C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="95FE1157C679D394F9A645A9B9EC926C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E41FDB0FC8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron patens A. R. Sm. & S. E. 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A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[106,594,775,797]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160417E41FEE7FCA7" bold="true" box="[106,320,775,797]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Pelazoneuron patens</emphasis> +(Sw.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. 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Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Sw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01640A7E43FB38FCA0" box="[1057,1183,778,795]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Christella patens</emphasis> +(Sw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160C97E6CFF52FC8D" box="[226,245,805,822]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160DE7E6CFE77FC8C" authority="(Sw.) Small" authorityName="Small" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[245,464,805,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160DE7E6CFEDFFC8E" box="[245,376,805,822]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris patens</emphasis> +(Sw.) Small +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA39B0161F17E6FFDB7FC8C" box="[474,528,806,823]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161F17E6FFDB7FC8C" bold="true" box="[474,528,806,823]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Fig. 7C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E75FE09FC3E.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E75FE09FC3E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..44e69d739f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E75FE09FC3E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="2DF2CDFDE63AD8D8E2F0B9FEC005564A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E75FE09FC3E" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron puberulum A. 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Fawc., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="BB075D369D5CACC4EF0DF53C1FD43FC7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="5DAD042672B9309B91F309CB543C5A27"> +<mods:title id="BFFCB05858F68A168B565789DDE9AF52">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="546A2A361737FCB1F11E8A201FF30FFF" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="471ACFFE5964BC9E0E0726A68264CCEB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="C3C9C107FA56C1AB6ECE40EDA2BA9A89">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="68A7D969CF0F08E0F83C6039F8820E62">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="C4A2076A4A431EAE0AB31862289604C2" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="4DCD953627C65EEBEA23C1895D94C471"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5308FADDEFB812EBDB8305F6609FE586">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0A09AD91897A7976AB38B2B7D97CD798">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="01652A9046C0CF869A055514119C62E4">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="EC412D4FC750A3DD0068B40BD1ADA721"> +<mods:dateIssued id="F3C199C0D6461AFD528A224975ACEA1F">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="787224CEE9E84C1C911AFA5A1FB3FF64">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="74262E673F5F8AF69DC4541805E6316A"> +<mods:placeTerm id="7B1391AFA3ED45BE5C182779343C5C34">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="B12F693BDD60198402079E56BF0E5850">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E75FE09FC3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E75FE09FC3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E75FE09FC3E" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7E75FCA9FCEA" box="[97,782,828,850]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7E75FCA9FCEA" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" box="[97,782,828,850]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA39B01604A7E75FCA9FCEA" box="[97,782,828,850]" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01604A7E75FD3FFCEA" ID-CoL="8RV37" authority="(Baker) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[97,664,828,850]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberulum" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7E75FEC1FCEA" bold="true" box="[97,358,828,849]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Pelazoneuron puberulum</emphasis> +(Baker) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01628A7E75FCA9FCEA" bold="true" box="[673,782,828,849]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA39B01628A7E75FCA9FCEA" box="[673,782,828,849]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0163247E09FE09FC3E" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0163247E09FE09FC3E" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01630A7E09FBE2FCEB" authority="Fee, Mem. Foug." authorityName="Fee, Mem. Foug." box="[801,1093,832,849]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberulum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01630A7E09FC19FCEA" box="[801,958,832,849]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Aspidium puberulum</emphasis> +Fée, Mém. Foug. +</taxonomicName> +10:40. 1865, non Gaudich.1827.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01610F7E13FDA5FCD7" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[292,514,858,876]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberulum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01610F7E13FE73FCD0" box="[292,468,858,875]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Nephrodium puberulum</emphasis> +Baker +</taxonomicName> +in Hook.& Baker,Syn.Fil.,ed.2., 495.1874.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01634A7E13FB8BFCD7" authority="(Baker)" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[865,1068,858,876]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01634A7E13FC57FCD0" box="[865,1008,858,875]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Christella puberula</emphasis> +(Baker) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA39B0164057E12FB9BFCD7" box="[1070,1084,859,876]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +.LÖve & D.LÖve— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01608A7E3CFE09FC3E" authority="(Baker) Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[161,430,885,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01608A7E3CFE9FFC3D" box="[161,312,885,902]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Dryopteris puberula</emphasis> +(Baker) Kuntze +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E8BFDA9FBB0.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E8BFDA9FBB0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6a1eda0980a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E8BFDA9FBB0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +<document id="8D1D746FF6F780A0B2B2DBDE4A5C5D07" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E8BFDA9FBB0" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron schizotis A. 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Fawc., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="83BF642769436DB1CCCE44A996C20F3A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="4FD5280CA75B453579C9EC4090F04889"> +<mods:title id="D48F86452CB4362BF457E0CCBEFA4190">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="7BFDDC1036F0DC8752150F402B032D55" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="3665EA18DDA80756AFA504AB5611F959"> +<mods:roleTerm id="420A0D8819452A652A28F03CDE1BE130">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7BF4A927C23E1F4CACDA4500E3C18E2B">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="C86DD321AA4AAD130B9B7F8C985242E8" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="78449551D16648C45D962111012201C1"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6E0A2F2E60A3A4B10D5BE68FE961B478">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2CDBD1A58538EF469E1BA0262FD21A99">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="E85E3E8F7E3E158DB7DED1C21A35AB64">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="24198E8C300DF8E3A6D6738E1C2EA74A"> +<mods:dateIssued id="6E44216458314A6D1C39BDF98C034C44">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="48AB66490D5EAA52A93EEA3C13867F8E">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="605EBA928EDFBBCC1F1A359F47E4468D"> +<mods:placeTerm id="CB2916C987691A8BB92C42F7B75A17FA">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="2025A325CF54810CB8AB2B14E7EC6580">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E8BFDA9FBB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E8BFDA9FBB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7E8BFDA9FBB0" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7E8BFD48FC6D" box="[97,751,961,983]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7E8BFD48FC6D" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" box="[97,751,961,983]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA39B01604A7E8BFD48FC6D" box="[97,751,961,983]" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7E8BFFCDFC6C" bold="true" box="[97,106,962,983]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160417E8BFDD9FC6C" ID-CoL="8RTV3" authority="(Hook.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[106,638,962,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizotis" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160417E8BFEF1FC6C" bold="true" box="[106,342,962,983]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Pelazoneuron schizotis</emphasis> +(Hook.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162AE7E88FD48FC6D" bold="true" box="[645,751,961,982]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA39B0162AE7E88FD48FC6D" box="[645,751,961,982]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B0162DB7E8CFDA9FBB0" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0162DB7E8CFD51FC4A" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA39B0163287E8CFBCFFC6C" author="Hook., Sp. Fil." box="[771,1128,965,983]" journal="Fil." page="107" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" score="8.334596789501541E-7" volume="4" year="1862"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0163287E8CFBB6FC6C" ID-CoL="8RCBY" authority="Hook., Sp. Fil." authorityName="Hook., Sp. Fil." box="[771,1041,965,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizotis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163287E8CFC05FC6D" box="[771,930,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Nephrodium schizotis</emphasis> +Hook., Sp.Fil. +</taxonomicName> +4:107.1862 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0164547E8CFEC4FC4A" ID-CoL="8R872" authority="(Hook.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizotis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164547E8CFF46FC4A" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Christella schizotis</emphasis> +(Hook.) A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01615E7EA9FD51FC4A" ID-CoL="8RFLP" authority="(Hook.) M. Kessler & A. R. Sm." authorityName="M. Kessler & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[373,758,992,1009]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizotis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01615E7EA9FDABFC4A" box="[373,524,992,1009]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris schizotis</emphasis> +(Hook.) M.Kessler & A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B0160AA7EB3FDA9FBB0" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" box="[129,526,1018,1036]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160AA7EB3FE79FBB0" ID-CoL="8RCMM" box="[129,478,1018,1036]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="patens" variety="smithiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160AA7EB3FEA1FBB0" box="[129,262,1018,1035]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris patens</emphasis> +(Sw.) A.R.Sm. var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0161BD7EB3FE79FBB0" box="[406,478,1018,1035]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">smithiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA39B0161CA7EB2FDA9FBB0" box="[481,526,1019,1035]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Ponce" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Ponce</collectingRegion> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7EC4FC69FC07.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7EC4FC69FC07.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..044312a20b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7EC4FC69FC07.xml @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +<document id="3C4E4FCC79950030B0F6681C5A290794" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7EC4FC69FC07" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron puberulum var. sonorense A. 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St. John, Ferns SE" box="[834,1137,645,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163697FCCFC63FD2E" box="[834,964,645,662]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris ovata</emphasis> +R.P. St.John, Ferns SE +</taxonomicName> +States 239. 1938.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160F57FE9FE1CFD0A" authority="(R. P. St. John)" baseAuthorityName="R. P. St. John" box="[222,443,672,689]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160F57FE9FEF4FD0B" box="[222,339,672,689]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Christella ovata</emphasis> +(R.P.St.John) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA39B0161957FE9FE6BFD0A" box="[446,460,672,689]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +.LÖve & D. LÖve— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0162707FE9FCD5FD0B" authority="(R. P. St. John) Broun" authorityName="Broun" baseAuthorityName="R. P. St. John" box="[603,882,672,689]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162707FE9FD7FFD0B" box="[603,728,672,688]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Dryopteris ovata</emphasis> +(R.P.St.John) Broun +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7FF1FE6AFCBA.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7FF1FE6AFCBA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3c486a7eb97 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7FF1FE6AFCBA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +<document id="B591C4ABD4C2C8E29AF74A36A846F37E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7FF1FE6AFCBA" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pelazoneuron ovatum var. lindheimeri A. 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Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="7D7BEC2A0244C9F5C668F01B61051044" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="90BF0D947B20F214BB7348915E81DF3A"> +<mods:title id="49B5D2C21CED46917F8C69002F4E5248">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="94FED6B9FEE76AB18C4AE944AB15684E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="F72A92367B1CAEE4AD88FF658A1708C3"> +<mods:roleTerm id="73E75A7A37D3D696C34AD5C42053CC34">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="A5CAE225AD0EF90D64906F4A6350B2CD">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="73DF0D3E8A4144FF2267A2468DA92119" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="788D32C31078F9C9F4F34FF527DE7A93"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5B91175EED989C6A2E3C03F3FA0E58CD">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="1712060F657849B828EE940A6E9BAD3A">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="5E026CEE9DF40A71CB712E2139DE12DE">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="206A4D62B341390FE1E57F38AF5F3479"> +<mods:dateIssued id="7847A055D2195C98440843B3094B72EB">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="20078857F58F56BEB6019E770B0DE6E5">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="F1EACCB80EA3670F758E097AD448702B"> +<mods:placeTerm id="D5C5A1FC4BDC500D6F2F8FDE6D9EC3F1">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="F0E6353DEF84DE65292946B794F75326">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA39B01604A7FF1FE6AFCBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA39B01604A7FF1FE6AFCBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA39B01604A7FF1FE6AFCBA" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01604A7FF1FBC2FD77" box="[97,1125,695,717]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01604A7FF1FBC2FD77" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" box="[97,1125,695,717]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA39B01604A7FF1FBC2FD77" box="[97,1125,695,717]" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01604A7FF1FFCDFD76" bold="true" box="[97,106,696,717]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0160417FF1FC54FD76" ID-CoL="8RV2C" authority="(C. Chr.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[106,1011,695,717]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ovatum" status="comb. nov." variety="lindheimeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160417FF1FEEFFD77" bold="true" box="[106,328,695,717]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Pelazoneuron ovatum</emphasis> +(R.P. St.John) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0162E07FF1FCE5FD76" bold="true" box="[715,834,696,717]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">lindheimeri</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0163D17FFEFBC2FD77" bold="true" box="[1018,1125,695,716]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA39B0163D17FFEFBC2FD77" box="[1018,1125,695,716]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA39B01644E7FF2FE6AFCBA" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA39B01644E7FF2FE6AFCBA" blockId="74.[97,1227,161,1143]" pageId="74" pageNumber="64"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B0164537FF2FC6FFD5C" authority="C. Chr., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="normalis" variety="lindheimeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0164537FF2FF44FD5D" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Dryopteris normalis</emphasis> +C. Chr. var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01616D7F9CFE3CFD5D" box="[326,411,725,742]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">lindheimeri</emphasis> +C. Chr., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. +</taxonomicName> +, ser. 7, 10:182. 1913.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA39B01645E7F9CFE6AFCBA" authority="(C. Chr.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ovata" variety="lindheimeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B01645E7F9CFF6DFCBB" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">Thelypteris ovata</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA39B0160C77FB9FEE6FCBA" box="[236,321,752,769]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="64">lindheimeri</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA49B066052794EFB62F927.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA49B066052794EFB62F927.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..91e08163543 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA49B066052794EFB62F927.xml @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@ +<document id="C29478B9CB10C0189F0E4003CE8EB1F2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA49B066052794EFB62F927" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Plesioneuron altum Holttum" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="5E9EBF690E94E8CF3FE1891876A964F5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="E611A7A46A94DFC13E8DC90A42287779"> +<mods:title id="E3DC32B1C75CBDD0C62E9D04C84E3EAB">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="59759AE1953B50BBB56FC2425338AAF8" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="92C3494ED0A0B450238FEA58AB36A4E5"> +<mods:roleTerm id="94016C114AE965B1D2FC3E196A8C2325">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C96BE6829A67F4D3B36F08549357F6C0">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="16AF2E6C147A139D2FA52EDDE5815938" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="626A6A44FCD0855DA51CB5A87EFE001C"> +<mods:roleTerm id="402ACDBBA5185C6A0E6F84DDA4BBD874">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="69C2C35190B907339B3F10372EF193DC">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="4EE8EAB0D065E90EAABD4B13F7DFE063">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="206A5503B19C9E89603E89F2D8037B5B"> +<mods:dateIssued id="626EB1868E5E9812D3818F6D2F564EC8">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="3F884E0401BD692BB07B07C5B73B7017">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="8CAFE80306030595F4D623A05D0B2642"> +<mods:placeTerm id="AC3E4CD4899529145B80D797317A1492">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="4498AFC2D7CD51BDF0F1839A0D3A46A4">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA49B066052794EFB62F927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA49B066052794EFB62F927" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA49B066052794EFB62F927" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="77" pageNumber="67"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA49B066052794EFC08F9A6" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA49B066052794EFC08F9A6" blockId="77.[121,1252,1031,1693]" pageId="77" pageNumber="67"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066052794EFEEFFBA7" box="[121,328,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Constituent species.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066163794EFD11FBA6" ID-CoL="4K9RH" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[328,694,1031,1053]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066163794EFDA7FBA7" box="[328,512,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Plesioneuron altum</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0662EB794EFC22FBA6" ID-CoL="4K9RJ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[704,901,1031,1053]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angiense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0662EB794EFC8EFBA7" box="[704,809,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. angiense</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663BB794EFE8FFB86" ID-CoL="8RTZH" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angusticaudatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663BB794EFBEDFBA7" box="[912,1098,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. angusticaudatum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066110796EFDCDFB86" ID-CoL="4K9RK" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[315,618,1063,1085]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archboldiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066110796EFE1AFB87" box="[315,445,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. archboldiae</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066254796EFC0BFB86" ID-CoL="8R6YJ" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[639,940,1063,1085]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066254796EFD58FB87" box="[639,767,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. attenuatum</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663EB796EFB60FB86" ID-CoL="4K9RN" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[960,1223,1063,1085]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="belense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663EB796EFBBEFB87" box="[960,1049,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. belense</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664FB796EFE30FBE6" ID-CoL="4K9RP" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664FB796EFF42FBE7" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. bipinnatum</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066189790EFCCFFBE6" ID-CoL="8RTYB" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[418,872,1095,1117]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066189790EFDB0FBE7" box="[418,535,1095,1116]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. caudatum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663AF790EFB61FBE6" ID-CoL="4K9RQ" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[900,1222,1095,1117]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costulisorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663AF790EFBB4FBE7" box="[900,1043,1095,1116]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. costulisorum</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664FB790EFED4FBC6" ID-CoL="4K9RR" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664FB790EFF62FBC7" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. crassum</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066156792EFD83FBC6" ID-CoL="4K9RS" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[381,548,1127,1149]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="croftii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066156792EFE6EFBC7" box="[381,457,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. croftii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066205792EFCAAFBC6" ID-CoL="77QCK" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[558,781,1127,1149]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cystodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066205792EFD15FBC7" box="[558,690,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. cystodioides</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06633C792EFB60FBC6" ID-CoL="8RDD3" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[791,1223,1127,1149]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deficiens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06633C792EFCDAFBC7" box="[791,893,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. deficiens</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664FB792EFEB9FB26" ID-CoL="4K9RV" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doctersii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664FB792EFF60FB27" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. doctersii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06610D79CEFE62FB26" ID-CoL="4K9RW" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[294,453,1159,1181]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dryas"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06610D79CEFEC9FB27" box="[294,366,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.dryas</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661E679CEFCB8FB26" ID-CoL="4K9RX" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[461,799,1159,1181]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dryopteroideum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661E679CEFDD4FB27" box="[461,627,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. dryopteroideum</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06630D79CEFB18FB26" ID-CoL="8RTWV" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[806,1215,1159,1181]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06630D79CEFC22FB27" box="[806,901,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.excisum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664FB79CEFE1FFB06" ID-CoL="4K9RY" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcatipinnulum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664FB79CEFEADFB07" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. falcatipinnulum</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661E879EEFCD7FB06" ID-CoL="8RFDX" authority="(Brause) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[451,880,1191,1213]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="finisterrae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661E879EEFD90FB07" box="[451,567,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. finisterrae</emphasis> +(Brause) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06635279EEFB80FB06" ID-CoL="4K9RZ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[889,1063,1191,1213]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuchsii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06635279EEFC6AFB07" box="[889,973,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. fuchsii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06641979EEFF6AFB66" ID-CoL="4K9S2" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06641979EEFB2EFB07" box="[1074,1161,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. fulgens</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0660CB798EFE51FB66" ID-CoL="4K9S3" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[224,502,1223,1245]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hopeanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0660CB798EFEF3FB67" box="[224,340,1223,1244]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. hopeanum</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA49B0662287981FDE0FB66" box="[515,583,1224,1245]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="77" pageNumber="67"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0662287981FDE0FB66" bold="true" box="[515,583,1224,1245]" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Fig. 6A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06624E798EFB84FB66" ID-CoL="8RTVM" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[613,1059,1223,1245]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06624E798EFD41FB67" box="[613,742,1223,1244]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. imbricatum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA49B0664047981FBCAFB66" box="[1071,1133,1224,1245]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="77" pageNumber="67"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664047981FBCAFB66" bold="true" box="[1071,1133,1224,1245]" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2I</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664A1798EFE51FB46" ID-CoL="8RTVR" authority="(Rosenst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keysserianum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664A1798EFF1AFB47" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.keysserianum</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661D779AEFD79FB46" ID-CoL="4K9S5" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[508,734,1255,1277]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kostermansii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661D779AEFD20FB47" box="[508,647,1255,1276]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. kostermansii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0662CD79AEFC1EFB46" ID-CoL="4K9S6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[742,953,1255,1277]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kundipense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0662CD79AEFCC6FB47" box="[742,865,1255,1276]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.kundipense</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663EB79AEFEFFFAA6" ID-CoL="8RTW2" authority="(J. Sm. ex C. Presl) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663EB79AEFB8AFB47" box="[960,1069,1255,1276]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.ligulatum</emphasis> +(J. Sm. ex C. Presl) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066147784EFDFAFAA6" ID-CoL="4K9S8" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[364,605,1287,1309]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marquesicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066147784EFDA7FAA7" box="[364,512,1287,1308]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. marquesicum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06624C784EFBC4FAA6" ID-CoL="8RDDQ" authority="(W. N. Takeuchi) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="W. N. Takeuchi" box="[615,1123,1287,1309]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="medlerae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06624C784EFD74FAA7" box="[615,723,1287,1308]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. medlerae</emphasis> +(W.N. Takeuchi) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066446784EFF6AFA86" ID-CoL="4K9S9" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="medusella"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066446784EFB46FAA7" box="[1133,1249,1287,1308]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. medusella</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0660FF786EFDD5FA86" ID-CoL="8RV2V" authority="(Gilli) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Gilli" box="[212,626,1319,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mingendense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0660FF786EFEF9FA87" box="[212,350,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.mingendense</emphasis> +(Gilli) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066253786EFCE1FA87" ID-CoL="8RV2L" authority="M. Kato" authorityName="M. Kato" box="[632,838,1319,1340]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="murkelense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066253786EFD53FA87" box="[632,756,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.murkelense</emphasis> +M. Kato +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066366786EFBDCFA86" ID-CoL="4K9SB" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[845,1147,1319,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriosorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066366786EFC75FA87" box="[845,978,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.myriosorum</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664A8786EFE85FAE6" ID-CoL="4K9SC" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="notabile"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664A8786EFB46FA87" box="[1155,1249,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.notabile</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066102780EFD68FAE6" ID-CoL="8RTXT" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[297,719,1351,1373]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliquum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066102780EFE33FAE7" box="[297,404,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. obliquum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0662FD780EFC7DFAE6" ID-CoL="4K9SD" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[726,986,1351,1373]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophiura"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0662FD780EFC96FAE7" box="[726,817,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.ophiura</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663C9780EFF6AFAC6" ID-CoL="6VQCJ" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phanerophlebium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663C9780EFB32FAE7" box="[994,1173,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.phanerophlebium</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0660FE782EFE0CFAC6" ID-CoL="4K9SF" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[213,427,1382,1405]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platylobum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0660FE782EFEF5FAC0" box="[213,338,1382,1404]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. platylobum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066195782EFD5CFAC6" ID-CoL="4K9SG" authority="(Hosok.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hosok." box="[446,763,1383,1405]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ponapeanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066195782EFDEEFAC7" box="[446,585,1383,1404]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. ponapeanum</emphasis> +(Hosok.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066325782EFB94FAC6" ID-CoL="4K9SH" authority="(Carruth.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Carruth." box="[782,1075,1383,1405]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prenticei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066325782EFCD4FAC7" box="[782,883,1383,1404]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.prenticei</emphasis> +(Carruth.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066417782EFB79FAC6" ID-CoL="4K9SJ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1084,1246,1382,1405]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pullei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066417782EFB22FAC0" box="[1084,1157,1382,1404]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.pullei</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06605278CEFE77FA26" ID-CoL="4K9SK" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[121,464,1414,1437]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadriquetrum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06605278CEFEBEFA20" box="[121,281,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. quadriquetrum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661F378CEFCE6FA26" ID-CoL="8RDF9" authority="(Copel.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[472,833,1415,1437]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661F378CEFDBFFA27" box="[472,536,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.regis</emphasis> +(Copel.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06636378CEFB87FA26" ID-CoL="4K9SL" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[840,1056,1414,1437]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidilobum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06636378CEFC60FA20" box="[840,967,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. rigidilobum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06640378CFFF69FA06" ID-CoL="4K9SM" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="royenii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06640378CFFB46FA27" box="[1064,1249,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Plesioneuron royenii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0660FC78EEFE2DFA06" ID-CoL="4K9SN" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[215,394,1446,1469]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandsii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0660FC78EEFE88FA00" box="[215,303,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. sandsii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661B578EEFD11FA06" ID-CoL="4K9SP" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[414,694,1447,1469]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="savaiense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661B578EEFDABFA07" box="[414,524,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. savaiense</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06629478EEFCDEFA07" ID-CoL="CK4R" authority="M. Kato" authorityName="M. Kato" box="[703,889,1446,1468]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saxicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06629478EEFC85FA00" box="[703,802,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. saxicola</emphasis> +M. Kato +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663A878EEFB60FA06" ID-CoL="4K9SR" authority="(Alston) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[899,1223,1446,1469]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="septempedale"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663A878EEFBB2FA00" box="[899,1045,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. septempedale</emphasis> +(Alston) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664FB78EEFEB0FA66" ID-CoL="4K9SS" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenura"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664FB78EEFF1AFA67" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. stenura</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066100788EFDAFFA66" ID-CoL="4K9ST" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[299,520,1478,1501]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subglabrum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066100788EFE09FA60" box="[299,430,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. subglabrum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B066239788EFD5CFA66" ID-CoL="6W2CJ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[530,763,1478,1501]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subterminale"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B066239788EFD06FA60" box="[530,673,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. subterminale</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06633D788EFC7EFA66" ID-CoL="4K9SV" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[790,985,1478,1501]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahitense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06633D788EFCD8FA60" box="[790,895,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. tahitense</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663C8788EFB1BFA66" ID-CoL="4K9SW" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[995,1212,1478,1501]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="translucens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663C8788EFBC5FA60" box="[995,1122,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. translucens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664FB788EFE2CFA46" ID-CoL="46ZWZ" authority="(Ces.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ces." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664FB788EFF53FA40" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. tuberculatum</emphasis> +(Ces.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661BF78AEFD7DFA46" ID-CoL="4K9SY" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[404,730,1511,1533]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="varievestitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661BF78AEFD81FA47" box="[404,550,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. varievestitum</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0662C878AEFB24FA46" ID-CoL="8RDFN" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[739,1155,1510,1533]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="walkeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0662C878AEFC99FA40" box="[739,830,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. walkeri</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664A078AEFEF5F9A6" ID-CoL="4K9SZ" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wantotense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664A078AEFF0FF9A7" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. wantotense</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661717B4EFDCBF9A6" ID-CoL="4K9T2" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[346,620,1543,1565]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wariense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661717B4EFE66F9A7" box="[346,449,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P. wariense</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06625F7B4EFC08F9A6" ID-CoL="4K9T3" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[628,943,1542,1565]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woodlarkense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06625F7B4EFCA1F9A0" box="[628,774,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">P.woodlarkense</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA49B0660827B6EFB62F927" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA49B0660827B6EFB62F927" blockId="77.[121,1252,1031,1693]" pageId="77" pageNumber="67"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0660827B6EFE83F980" box="[169,292,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06616B7B6EFD65F986" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[320,706,1574,1597]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koordersii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06616B7B6EFDBEF980" box="[320,537,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Trigonospora koordersii</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +was initially included in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663997B6FFEA9F9E6" authority="(Holttum 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Plesioneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663997B6FFB88F980" box="[946,1071,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664407B6FFB47F980" box="[1131,1248,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA49B0660547B01FEA0F9E6" author="Holttum" box="[127,263,1608,1629]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, but later +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA49B0661417B01FDAFF9E6" author="Holttum" box="[362,520,1608,1629]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" pagination="503 - 507" part="8" refId="ref109633" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 c. The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia. Reinwardtia 8: 503 - 507." title="The genus Trigonospora (Thelypteridaceae) in Malesia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="c">Holttum (1974c)</bibRefCitation> +decided that this taxon shared a close resemblance to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664227B0EFB7CF9E0" box="[1033,1243,1606,1628]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664227B0EFB7CF9E0" box="[1033,1243,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Trigonospora calcarata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. This plant is known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA49B0661E97B2EFE4AF9C7" box="[450,493,1639,1660]" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus> +collection (L, image!), and it is unclear whether that specimen may yield spores that could verify its placement in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06619D7BCEFD89F927" box="[438,558,1671,1692]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06619D7BCEFD89F927" box="[438,558,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. At the present time, we cannot rule out its placement in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664617BCFFB18F920" box="[1098,1215,1670,1691]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664617BCFFB18F920" box="[1098,1215,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA49B0660527C81FD98FE4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA49B0660527C81FD98FE4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ee9102b7407 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA49B0660527C81FD98FE4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +<document id="51EE11D66698BCB32600E9A025369002" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA49B0660527C81FD98FE4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Plesioneuron caudatum S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[121,702,455,477]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudatum" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0660527C81FEC9FE67" bold="true" box="[121,366,455,477]" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Plesioneuron caudatum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. 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( +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA79B0561E87D82FDA5FF5B" box="[451,514,203,224]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Tokyo</collectingRegion> +) 47:179. 1933 +</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +. +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0562AE7D87FB1DFF5B" box="[645,1210,206,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0562AE7D87FB1DFF5B" blockId="78.[97,1210,163,224]" box="[645,1210,206,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA79B0562BC7D87FD10FF65" box="[663,695,206,222]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B0562BC7D87FD10FF65" box="[663,695,206,222]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562947D86FC79FF5B" ID-CoL="4KKSC" authority="(Blume) Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[703,990,206,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562947D86FCCCFF64" box="[703,875,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris callosa</emphasis> +(Blume) Nakai +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563DE7D87FB11FF5B" ID-CoL="684XN" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[1013,1206,206,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563DE7D87FB27FF64" box="[1013,1152,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Aspidium callosum</emphasis> +Blume +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560AA7DBDFDE0FEBE" box="[129,583,244,261]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560AA7DBDFDE0FEBE" blockId="78.[129,583,244,261]" box="[129,583,244,261]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05614A7DBDFE7DFEBE" author="Holttum" box="[353,474,244,261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1973a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0561CB7DBDFDB6FEBE" author="Holttum" box="[480,529,244,261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05623C7DBDFD99FEBE" author="Holttum" box="[535,574,244,261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B05604A7C53FBF8FEEB" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B05604A7C53FBF8FEEB" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7C53FF47FE94" box="[97,224,282,303]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561287C52FEEAFE8B" box="[259,333,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pneuma</emphasis> +, air, breath + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561E77C52FDA7FE8B" box="[460,512,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pteris</emphasis> +, fern. The peg-like pneumatophores (aerophores) extending from the stipe, and the bases of the pinnae (and sometimes the bases of the costules) are diagnostic for this genus ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0564207C72FBF6FEEB" box="[1035,1105,315,336]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0564207C72FBF6FEEB" bold="true" box="[1035,1105,315,336]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560BB7C12FCC1FBAB" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560BB7C12FCC1FBAB" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +Plants terrestrial, large (to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA79B0561BB7C12FE11FECB" box="[400,438,347,368]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity> +tall), often along streams; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562987C12FCB6FECB" bold="true" box="[691,785,347,368]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">rhizomes</emphasis> +thick (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA79B05634D7C12FC36FECB" box="[870,913,347,368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity> +), creeping, or forming erect caudices with fronds densely clustered; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561E07C32FDA8FE2B" bold="true" box="[459,527,379,400]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid, arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563ED7C32FBA4FE2B" bold="true" box="[966,1027,379,400]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, scales brown, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, or often with hairs along margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563A27CD3FC6CFE14" bold="true" box="[905,971,410,431]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">blades</emphasis> +generally coarse in texture (chartaceous to subcoriaceous), often bicolorous, drying darker green adaxially; lamina apex gradually reduced or with subconform terminal pinna, proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to minute vestigial pinnae, with a fringe of laminar tissue surrounding aerophores ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA79B0561577CB2FE68FDAB" box="[380,463,507,528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561CB7CB2FD81FDAB" bold="true" box="[480,550,507,528]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pinnae</emphasis> +sessile, with truncate bases, shallowly lobed (generally < +<superScript id="7C6B9BA8FFA79B05647B7CB2FBF0FDBC" attach="right" box="[1104,1111,507,519]" fontSize="5" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">1</superScript> +⁄ +<subScript id="179A34A5FFA79B0564707F4BFBC5FDB5" attach="left" box="[1115,1122,514,526]" fontSize="5" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">2</subScript> +to costae), with pronounced cartilaginous sinus membranes that are grooved adaxially ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0563177F52FCD8FD8B" box="[828,895,539,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563177F52FCD8FD8B" bold="true" box="[828,895,539,560]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig.7A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) and project out of the plane of the blade abaxially, segment tips generally acute; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05623E7F72FDEDFDEB" bold="true" box="[533,586,571,592]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">veins</emphasis> +prominent above and below, often paler than lamina, with at least one pair anastomosing below each sinus, forming an excurrent vein to sinus, with more distal veins running to both sides of an elongate sinus membrane, veins closely spaced, (7–)11–12(–15) pairs per segment; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563CD7F33FBF0FD34" bold="true" box="[998,1111,634,655]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">aerophores</emphasis> +prominent, peg-like ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0560977FD2FEA4FD0B" box="[188,259,667,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560977FD2FEA4FD0B" bold="true" box="[188,259,667,688]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), projecting through mucilage during early frond development, along stipes, and at pinna bases, frequently also with peg-like or swollen aerophores at the bases of costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05633A7FF2FC7FFD6B" bold="true" box="[785,984,699,720]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">indument abaxially</emphasis> +essentially lacking, or of generally short hyaline acicular hairs on veins and/or between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563237F92FC74FD4B" bold="true" box="[776,979,731,752]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">indument adaxially</emphasis> +essentially lacking, or of abundant short hairs on and between veins (these sometimes glandular, or capitate, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563817FB2FC5FFCB4" box="[938,1016,762,784]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563817FB2FC5FFCB4" box="[938,1016,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P.glabra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and long, antrorsely arching or curling reddish or brownish hairs in the adaxial grooves of the rachis and costae (hairs absent in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0564437E52FB1CFC94" box="[1128,1211,794,816]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0564437E52FB1CFC94" box="[1128,1211,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P.callosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7E73FF1FFCF4" bold="true" box="[97,184,826,847]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pustules</emphasis> +lacking, or present on lamina adaxially and abaxially (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562D17E72FCF5FCF4" box="[762,850,826,848]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stokesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562D17E72FCF5FCF4" box="[762,850,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. stokesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05634C7E72FC28FCEB" bold="true" box="[871,911,827,848]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">sori</emphasis> +round, medial to inframarginal, exindusiate, sometimes with receptacular hairs ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562187E12FD13FCD4" box="[563,692,858,880]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562187E12FD13FCD4" box="[563,692,858,880]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. glandulifera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or with a small indusia that may be glabrous or setose (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0560BF7E32FEABFC2B" box="[148,268,891,912]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mesocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BF7E32FEABFC2B" box="[148,268,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. mesocarpa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), often shriveling or caducous upon maturation of sporangia; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563437E32FC6AFC2B" bold="true" box="[872,973,891,912]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous, setulose (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0564937E32FF06FC14" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parksii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0564937E32FF06FC14" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. parksii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or glandular (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05614F7ED2FE12FC14" box="[356,437,922,944]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05614F7ED2FE12FC14" box="[356,437,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. glabra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), glands always colorless, setae acicular or capitate, unicellular or multicellular; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7EF3FF04FC74" bold="true" box="[97,163,954,975]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">spores</emphasis> +yellow to light brown; likely +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05619D7EF2FE76FC6B" box="[438,465,955,976]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">x =</emphasis> +36, as is the case with all its close relatives, but no counts published. No hybrids have been formally documented, but certain specimens with malformed spores (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563BC7E92FBA1FC54" box="[919,1030,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fawcett 638</emphasis> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05643A7E92FB93FC4B" box="[1041,1076,987,1008]" name="Fiji" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Viti</collectingCountry> +Levu, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05645C7E92FB3EFC4B" box="[1143,1177,987,1008]" name="Fiji" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fiji</collectingCountry> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B0564897E92FB62FC4B" box="[1186,1221,987,1008]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">UC</collectionCode> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B05604A7EB2FF26FBAB" box="[97,129,1019,1040]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15545" name="University of Vermont" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="Herbarium">VT</collectionCode> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560A37EB2FF45FBAB" box="[136,226,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Game s.n.</emphasis> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B0560C07EB2FEACFBAB" box="[235,267,1019,1040]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">UC</collectionCode> +1544285, Rarotonga, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B0561F07EB2FDFDFBAB" box="[475,602,1019,1040]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Cook Islands</collectingCountry> +) represent possible hybrids. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560BA7952FBE4FA6B" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560BA7952FBE4FA6B" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BA7952FE3CFB8B" box="[145,411,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561227952FE3CFB8B" box="[265,411,1051,1072]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B0561897952FE19FB8B" box="[418,446,1051,1072]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561897952FE1FFB8B" box="[418,440,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is distinguished from most other christelloids by having prominent aerophores along the stipe, at the bases of pinnae ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0561E57972FDB3FBEB" box="[462,532,1083,1104]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561E57972FDB3FBEB" bold="true" box="[462,532,1083,1104]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), and at the bases of costae; pinnae abruptly reduced to vestiges subtending aerophores (not more than a few mm in length); fronds producing mucilage during early development; and veins closely spaced (ca. 12 per segment). The pinna segments of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562B87932FC83FB2B" box="[659,804,1147,1168]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562B87932FC83FB2B" box="[659,804,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B0563037932FCE3FB2B" box="[808,836,1147,1168]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563037932FC99FB2B" box="[808,830,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +typically have about 11 veins per cm (vs. typically about 7 veins per cm in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05618979D3FDB6FB14" box="[418,529,1178,1199]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05618979D3FDB6FB14" box="[418,529,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); laminae often strongly bicolorous, drying dark above and paler below; and prominent elongate sinus membranes concave adaxially and convex abaxially. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05635679F3FB86FB74" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[893,1057,1210,1231]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05635679F3FB86FB74" box="[893,1057,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs by having laminae sometimes gradually or subabruptly reduced, and having yellow spherical glands (glands in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05641C7992FB6FFB4B" box="[1079,1224,1243,1264]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05641C7992FB6FFB4B" box="[1079,1224,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +colorless, and usually capitate when present), and lacking mucilage on developing fronds. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563E579B3FB99FAB4" box="[974,1086,1274,1295]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563E579B3FB99FAB4" box="[974,1086,1274,1295]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also differs in having laminae sometimes gradually or subabruptly reduced, pinnae often lobed more deeply (> halfway to costae), and segment apices usually truncate or obtuse rather than broadly acute in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05630F7872FC1FFAEB" box="[804,952,1339,1360]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05630F7872FC1FFAEB" box="[804,952,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B0563947872FC7CFAEB" box="[959,987,1339,1360]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563947872FC71FAEB" box="[959,982,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563C97873FBCEFAF4" box="[994,1129,1338,1359]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563C97873FBCEFAF4" box="[994,1129,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having long-creeping rhizomes (vs. erect or short-creeping with stipe bases closely clustered). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563FE7813FB8EFAD4" box="[981,1065,1370,1391]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563FE7813FB8EFAD4" box="[981,1065,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having a zig-zag excurrent vein, densely setulose sporangia (rare in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562877832FC9AFA2B" box="[684,829,1403,1424]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562877832FC9AFA2B" box="[684,829,1403,1424]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B05636F7832FCFAFA2B" box="[836,861,1403,1424]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05636F7832FCFEFA2B" box="[836,857,1403,1424]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +), and hairs between veins on adaxial laminae. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05609378D3FF55FA14" box="[184,242,1434,1455]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05609378D3FF55FA14" box="[184,242,1434,1455]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having scales present on the abaxial costae, opposite or subopposite pinnae (vs. alternate), and lack of aerophores. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05613378F3FED5FA74" box="[280,370,1466,1487]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05613378F3FED5FA74" box="[280,370,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B05615C78F2FE34FA6B" box="[375,403,1467,1488]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05615C78F2FE2AFA6B" box="[375,397,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +differs in generally having hairier laminae, on veins, and between veins. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560BA7893FD22F9CB" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560BA7893FD22F9CB" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BA7893FED8FA54" box="[145,383,1498,1519]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—This relatively small clade, comprising just 11 species as defined here, is well represented in the Pacific, in Melanesia and Polynesia, with species occurring in the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05634878B2FBA2F9AB" box="[867,1029,1531,1552]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05642478B2FB3DF9AB" box="[1039,1178,1531,1552]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">New Hebrides</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05648878B2FB61F9AB" box="[1187,1222,1531,1552]" name="Fiji" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fiji</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05604A7B52FF04F98B" box="[97,163,1563,1584]" name="Samoa" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Samoa</collectingCountry> +, Rarotonga, the Society Islands, and Rapa (but not in Hawaii). Several other species are Malesian, including the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA79B05604A7B72FF29F9EB" box="[97,142,1595,1616]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0560B37B72FF4AF9F4" box="[152,237,1594,1616]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560B37B72FF4AF9F4" box="[152,237,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. callosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from Java. Species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561EC7B72FDFFF9EB" box="[455,600,1595,1616]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561EC7B72FDFFF9EB" box="[455,600,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occur primarily at low to middle elevations ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA79B0564247B72FBD3F9EB" box="[1039,1140,1595,1616]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2400 m</quantity> +) and are frequent along rocky rivers and streams ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0561CE7B12FDDDF9CB" author="Holttum" box="[485,634,1627,1648]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0460BA7B32FBC1FD6C" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0460BA7B32FED2FE8C" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" lastBlockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="78" pageNumber="68"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BA7B32FE78F934" box="[145,479,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561D57B32FD37F92B" box="[510,656,1659,1680]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561D57B32FD37F92B" box="[510,656,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, as recognized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05636C7B32FC43F92B" author="Holttum" box="[839,996,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1973a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0563C57B32FB8EF92B" author="Holttum" box="[1006,1065,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0564187B32FBD7F92B" author="Holttum" box="[1075,1136,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0564507B32FB0AF92B" author="Holttum" box="[1147,1197,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05649D7B32FB6FF92B" box="[1206,1224,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">in</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05604A7BD2FE0AF90B" author="Hovenkamp & De Joncheere" box="[97,429,1691,1712]" firstAuthor="Hovenkamp" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="395 - 409" part="33" refId="ref110204" refString="HOVENKAMP, P. H. & G. J. DE JONCHEERE. 1988. Additions to the fern flora of Sulawesi. Blumea 33: 395 - 409." title="Additions to the fern flora of Sulawesi" type="journal article" year="1988">Hovenkamp & De Joncheere 1988</bibRefCitation> +), with only two additional species described since then (by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0563C07BD2FBC1F90B" author="Palmer" box="[1003,1126,1691,1712]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="80 - 83" part="95" refId="ref112655" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2005. Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii. Amer. Fern J. 95: 80 - 83." title="Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii" type="journal article" year="2005">Palmer 2005</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0564447BD2FF30F96B" author="Takeuchi" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="153 - 158" part="52" refId="ref115124" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2007. Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species. Blumea 52: 153 - 158." title="Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species" type="journal article" year="2007">Takeuchi 2007</bibRefCitation> +), included about 90 species extending from Africa to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B0562E87BF2FCE9F96B" box="[707,846,1723,1744]" name="New Zealand" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +. In molecular phylogenetic analyses, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05604A7B92FE20F94B" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[97,391,1755,1776]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7B92FF55F94B" box="[97,242,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +sensu Holttum +</taxonomicName> +is by far the most heterogeneous and polyphyletic taxon in the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563C77B92FB34F94B" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1004,1171,1755,1776]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, with representatives in ten +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561197BB2FECDF8AB" box="[306,362,1787,1808]" genus="The" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +clades (Fawcett et al. in press). Even so, Holttum was well aware of the diversity within his concept of the genus, recognizing most members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462747DEBFD57FF0C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[607,752,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462747DEBFD57FF0C" box="[607,752,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B0462DF7DEBFCB7FF0C" box="[756,784,162,183]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462DF7DEBFCAEFF0C" box="[756,777,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +as close relatives of one another, but also describing the unique morphology of four aberrant taxa we now place in four different genera, three of which are newly described. Other species we exclude from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04623B7DABFD06FF4C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[528,673,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04623B7DABFD06FF4C" box="[528,673,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are newly combined in several existing genera: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464457DA8FB7DFF4D" box="[1134,1242,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464457DA8FB7DFF4D" box="[1134,1242,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527C4BFF7CFEAC" box="[121,219,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527C4BFF7CFEAC" box="[121,219,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460CC7C48FEF8FEAD" box="[231,351,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460CC7C48FEF8FEAD" box="[231,351,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461B37C48FDE7FEAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[408,576,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461B37C48FDE7FEAD" box="[408,576,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, or placed in one of three new genera, which see for details: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04648B7C48FB7CFEAD" box="[1184,1243,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04648B7C48FB7CFEAD" box="[1184,1243,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527C68FF6AFE8D" box="[121,205,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527C68FF6AFE8D" box="[121,205,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04612B7C68FED7FE8D" box="[256,368,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04612B7C68FED7FE8D" box="[256,368,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B04608C7C0BFEB9FDAC" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +The African species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461547C0BFD83FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[383,548,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +are under-collected and remain poorly represented in molecular analyses. However, recent work (Fawcett et al. in press) has illuminated many of the problems with the current taxonomy and highlights the need for further study. The four African species treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463097CCBFC14FE2C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[802,947,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463097CCBFC14FE2C" box="[802,947,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0463F87CCBFBD6FE2C" author="Holttum" box="[979,1137,386,407]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +included in the molecular analysis each resolved in a distinct clade, corresponding to different genera: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04642F7CEBFB62FE0D" box="[1028,1221,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04642F7CEBFB62FE0D" box="[1028,1221,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527C88FF40FE6D" box="[121,231,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527C88FF40FE6D" box="[121,231,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460DF7C8BFE19FE6C" box="[244,446,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460DF7C8BFE19FE6C" box="[244,446,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris unita</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04621F7C8BFCA3FE6D" box="[564,772,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04621F7C8BFCA3FE6D" box="[564,772,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Menisorus pauciflorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04633A7C8BFBBBFE6C" box="[785,1052,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04633A7C8BFBBBFE6C" box="[785,1052,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris remotipinna</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464157C88FB08FE6D" box="[1086,1199,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464157C88FB08FE6D" box="[1086,1199,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527CABFEDFFE4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[121,376,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527CABFEDFFE4D" box="[121,376,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461DE7CA8FD07FE4D" box="[501,672,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461DE7CA8FD07FE4D" box="[501,672,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Christella distans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, both of which resolve in a clade with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04641E7CABFB13FE4C" box="[1077,1204,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04641E7CABFB13FE4C" box="[1077,1204,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527F48FEBFFDAD" box="[121,280,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527F48FEBFFDAD" box="[121,280,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460837F6BFBC1FD6C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +The closest relative of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461507F6BFDABFD8C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[379,524,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461507F6BFDABFD8C" box="[379,524,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B04623A7F6BFD8AFD8C" box="[529,557,546,567]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04623A7F6BFD81FD8C" box="[529,550,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is the monophyletic genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463047F68FC74FD8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[815,979,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463047F68FC74FD8D" box="[815,979,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, redefined slightly herein. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA69B0464FA7F6BFB46FD8C" box="[1233,1249,546,567]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +majority of the remaining species treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462347F0BFD17FDEC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[543,688,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462347F0BFD17FDEC" box="[543,688,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0462F97F0BFCCAFDEC" author="Holttum" box="[722,877,578,599]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04635D7F0BFC01FDEC" author="Holttum" box="[886,934,578,599]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) are in a clade sister to these two clades (herein named +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461607F28FE1CFDCD" box="[331,443,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461607F28FE1CFDCD" box="[331,443,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA69B0461EE7F2BFE5DFDCC" box="[453,506,610,631]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461EE7F2BFE5DFDCC" bold="true" box="[453,506,610,631]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). To preserve a monophyletic +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04633D7F2BFC01FDCC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[790,934,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04633D7F2BFC01FDCC" box="[790,934,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04639A7F28FB86FDCD" box="[945,1057,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04639A7F28FB86FDCD" box="[945,1057,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +must be segregated. Alternatively, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04612F7FC8FE0AFD2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[260,429,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04612F7FC8FE0AFD2D" box="[260,429,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(the oldest name for the three groups) must be significantly expanded; this genus already includes nearly 200 species and is recognizable (albeit morphologically diverse). We prefer to recognize a smaller, well-defined +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04616E7F8BFE51FD6C" box="[325,502,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04616E7F8BFE71FD6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[325,470,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B0461F17F8BFE51FD6C" box="[474,502,706,727]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, and segregate the sister clade to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463047F88FC74FD6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[815,979,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463047F88FC74FD6D" box="[815,979,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463DB7F88FBC7FD6D" box="[1008,1120,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463DB7F88FBC7FD6D" box="[1008,1120,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA69B0460817FA8FC82FCEC" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460817FA8FC82FCEC" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460817FA8FED9FD4C" box="[170,382,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Constituent species.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461567FABFD5EFD4C" authority="(Blume) Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[381,761,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461567FABFDFBFD4D" box="[381,604,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris callosa</emphasis> +(Blume) Nakai +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04632F7FABFBD3FD4C" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[772,1140,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dicranogramma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04632F7FABFC16FD4D" box="[772,945,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. dicranogramma</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464547FABFF68FCAC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dilatata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464547FABFB46FD4D" box="[1151,1249,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. dilatata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460F27E4BFD4BFCAC" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lorence) A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" box="[217,748,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florencei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F27E4BFEE7FCAD" box="[217,320,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. florencei</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lorence) A.R. Sm. & Lorence +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462DD7E4BFC5CFCAC" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[758,1019,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462DD7E4BFCEEFCAD" box="[758,841,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. glabra</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04642E7E4BFF6CFC8C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04642E7E4BFB2BFCAD" box="[1029,1164,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. glandulifera</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA69B0460F27E6BFE86FC8C" box="[217,289,802,823]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F27E6BFE86FC8C" bold="true" box="[217,289,802,823]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Fig. 2C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04611E7E6BFDFAFC8C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[309,605,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mesocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04611E7E6BFE08FC8C" box="[309,431,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. mesocarpa</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04624C7E6BFC26FC8C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[615,897,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obstructa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04624C7E6BFD74FC8D" box="[615,723,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. obstructa</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463A07E6BFB0AFC8C" authority="(F. Ballard) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="F. Ballard" box="[907,1197,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parksii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463A07E6BFC46FC8D" box="[907,993,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. parksii</emphasis> +(F. Ballard) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA69B0464977E6BFF35FCEC" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464977E6BFF35FCEC" bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Fig. 7A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04608E7E0BFEF9FCEC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[165,350,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibelana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04608E7E0BFEA2FCED" box="[165,261,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. sibelana</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04614D7E0BFC82FCEC" authority="(E. D. Br. ex E. D. Br. & F. Br.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="E. D. Br. & F. Br." box="[358,805,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stokesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04614D7E0BFE19FCED" box="[358,446,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. stokesii</emphasis> +(E.D. Br. ex E.D. Br. & F. Br.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA69B1B60827E2BFDB6F9AC" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827E2BFC20FC0C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460827E2BFE9DFCCC" ID-CoL="63NJM" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[169,314,866,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827E2BFE9DFCCC" box="[169,314,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0461EB7E2BFDFDFCCC" author="Holttum" box="[448,602,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0462487E2BFD07FCCC" author="Holttum" box="[611,672,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0462817E2BFD7DFCCC" author="Holttum" box="[682,730,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) includes about 90 species, but as we circumscribe it, only 11 species remain, one of which is newly combined. We transfer most of the others to other genera. Several species are excluded from +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461027EEBFE7BFC0C" box="[297,476,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461027EEBFE1DFC0C" ID-CoL="63NJM" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[297,442,930,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B0461947EEBFE7BFC0C" box="[447,476,930,951]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +but remain unplaced, pending further study. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827E88FEB1FB2C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827E88FDA7FC6D" box="[169,512,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461447E88FE42FC6D" ID-CoL="6SM3" box="[367,485,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName> +.— +</emphasis> +These taxa generally have petiolulate, deeply incised pinnae with asymmetric bases, and are often free-veined, or with few pairs of anastomosing veins, features characteristic of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464377EA8FB36FC4D" ID-CoL="6SM3" box="[1052,1169,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464377EA8FB36FC4D" box="[1052,1169,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Several are small in stature and are epipetric calciphiles occurring in karst terrain ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04636C794BFC0BFBAC" author="Kato" box="[839,940,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Kato" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="13 - 27" part="33" refId="ref110592" refString="KATO, M. 2007. Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B, 33: 13 - 27." title="Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2007">Kato 2007</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04639E794BFBE0FBAC" author="Takeuchi" box="[949,1095,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="153 - 158" part="52" refId="ref115124" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2007. Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species. Blumea 52: 153 - 158." title="Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species" type="journal article" year="2007">Takeuchi 2007</bibRefCitation> +). These include: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046052796BFDAFFB8C" ID-CoL="8RDCS" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[121,520,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angusticaudata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046052796BFE0DFB8D" box="[121,426,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris angusticaudata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046238796BFCE5FB8C" ID-CoL="8RDCY" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[531,834,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046238796BFDD0FB8D" box="[531,631,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. caudata</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046366796BFBB1FB8C" ID-CoL="8RDD3" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[845,1046,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deficiens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046366796BFC1FFB8D" box="[845,952,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. deficiens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04640A796BFF6AFBEC" ID-CoL="8RDD5" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excisa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04640A796BFBD3FB8C" box="[1057,1140,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. excisa</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460FD790BFE5DFBEC" ID-CoL="8RFDX" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[214,506,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="finisterrae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460FD790BFEEDFBED" box="[214,330,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. finisterrae</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046228790BFD6BFBEC" ID-CoL="8RDD8" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[515,716,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046228790BFDD5FBED" box="[515,626,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. imbricata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462FD790BFBBDFBEC" ID-CoL="8RFGF" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[726,1050,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keysseriana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462FD790BFCFEFBED" box="[726,857,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. keysseriana</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046408790BFF6AFBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDK" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046408790BFBD8FBED" box="[1059,1151,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P.ligulata</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460FC792BFE7EFBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDQ" authority="W. N. Takeuchi" authorityName="W. N. Takeuchi" box="[215,473,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="medlerae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460FC792BFEE7FBCD" box="[215,320,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. medlerae</emphasis> +W.N. Takeuchi +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461C9792BFCA8FBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDV" authority="(Gilli) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Gilli" box="[482,783,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mingendensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461C9792BFDD2FBCD" box="[482,629,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. mingendensis</emphasis> +(Gilli) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046332792BFC6AFBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDZ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[793,973,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046332792BFCD4FBCD" box="[793,883,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. obliqua</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463FC792BFB60FBCC" ID-CoL="8RDF9" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[983,1223,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463FC792BFBBEFBCC" box="[983,1049,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. regis</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB792BFEB1FB2C" ID-CoL="8RDFN" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="walkeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB792BFF18FB2D" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. walkeri</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B04608279E8FD2FFA4C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04608279E8FDACFB0D" box="[169,523,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04615079E8FE48FB0D" box="[379,495,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Reholttumia</taxonomicName> +.— +</emphasis> +This newly described genus encompasses the greatest number of species treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460F2798BFECDFB6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[217,362,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F2798BFECDFB6C" box="[217,362,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0461A1798BFDBEFB6C" author="Holttum" box="[394,537,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04620B798BFDF6FB6C" author="Holttum" box="[544,593,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), and most of those he considered ‘typical’ of the genus. It is predominantly Malesian, but with representatives extending into Hawaii, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA69B0462C279ABFCE4FB4C" box="[745,835,1250,1271]" name="Australia" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Australia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA69B04636079ABFC0EFB4C" box="[843,937,1250,1271]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, and at least one species, with its affinities confirmed by molecular data, occurring in Africa: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046299784BFBAEFAAC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[690,1033,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="basicurtata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046299784BFC17FAAD" box="[690,944,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris basicurtata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04643A784BFB79FAAC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1041,1246,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boridensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04643A784BFB22FAAD" box="[1041,1157,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. boridensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046052786BFE2BFA8C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[121,396,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bryanii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046052786BFF74FA8D" box="[121,211,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. bryanii</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461BC786BFD24FA8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[407,643,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="christelloides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461BC786BFD80FA8D" box="[407,551,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. christelloides</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462A6786BFC32FA8C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[653,917,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462A6786BFD41FA8C" box="[653,742,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. costata</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04638B786BFB61FA8C" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[928,1222,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecallosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04638B786BFBA6FA8D" box="[928,1025,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. ecallosa</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB786BFE0EFAEC" authority="(A. Rich.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB786BFF43FAED" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. glaberrima</emphasis> +(A. Rich.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046198780BFD4AFAEC" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[435,749,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hudsoniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046198780BFD9EFAED" box="[435,569,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. hudsoniana</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462D3780BFBAFFAEC" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[760,1032,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inclusa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462D3780BFCF5FAED" box="[760,850,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. inclusa</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046439780BFB61FAEC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1042,1222,1346,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jermyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046439780BFBC0FAEC" box="[1042,1127,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. jermyi</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB780BFEEDFACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kerintjiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB780BFF49FACD" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. kerintjiensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04617E782BFDEDFACC" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[341,586,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04617E782BFE04FACD" box="[341,419,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. laevis</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04627E782BFC94FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[597,819,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laticuneata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04627E782BFD71FACD" box="[597,726,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. laticuneata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046316782BFBF3FACC" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[829,1108,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046316782BFC06FACD" box="[829,929,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. longipes</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046475782BFE84FA2C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macroptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046475782BFB47FACC" box="[1118,1248,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. macroptera</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04610778CBFDE9FA2C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[300,590,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04610778CBFE39FA2D" box="[300,414,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. magnifica</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04627378CBFC86FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[600,801,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michaelis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04627378CBFD62FA2D" box="[600,709,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. michaelis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04630178CBFBB2FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[810,1045,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micropaleata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04630178CBFC1DFA2D" box="[810,954,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. micropaleata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04643478CBFF69FA0C" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04643478CBFBDAFA2D" box="[1055,1149,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. nitidula</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460F378EBFE4BFA0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[216,492,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novae-caledoniae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F378EBFE37FA0D" box="[216,400,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. novae-caledoniae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461DD78EBFCADFA0C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[502,778,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyoura"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461DD78EBFDFEFA0C" box="[502,601,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. oxyoura</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04633E78EBFC7EFA0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[789,985,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04633E78EBFCD9FA0C" box="[789,894,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. papuana</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463C878EBFB61FA0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[995,1222,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pergamacea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463C878EBFBCDFA0C" box="[995,1130,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. pergamacea</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB78EBFE92FA6C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB78EBFF7BFA6D" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. psilophylla</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046115788BFDD4FA6C" authority="(Bonap.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bonap." box="[318,627,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046115788BFE64FA6C" box="[318,451,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. remotipinna</emphasis> +(Bonap.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046257788BFC66FA6C" authority="(T. Moore) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="T. Moore" box="[636,961,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rodigasiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046257788BFD5AFA6D" box="[636,765,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. rodigasiana</emphasis> +(T. Moore) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463E1788BFB78FA6C" authority="(Gepp) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Gepp" box="[970,1247,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sogerensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463E1788BFB9BFA6C" box="[970,1084,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. sogerensis</emphasis> +(Gepp) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04605278ABFED2FA4C" authority="(Poir.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[121,373,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="truncata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04605278ABFF7BFA4C" box="[121,220,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. truncata</emphasis> +(Poir.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04615678ABFD2FFA4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[381,648,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaupelii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04615678ABFE7DFA4D" box="[381,474,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P.vaupelii</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827B48FC46F98C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827B48FE7DF9AD" box="[169,474,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +Species recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461467B48FE7DF9AD" box="[365,474,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +.— +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA69B0461DD7B4BFDA0F9AC" box="[502,519,1538,1559]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +species, heretofore recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463677B48FC63F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[844,964,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463677B48FC63F9AD" box="[844,964,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, was treated more recently in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527B6BFEADF98C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[121,266,1570,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527B6BFEADF98C" box="[121,266,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +: +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA69B04613F7B6BFC7AF98C" author="Punetha & Kholia" box="[276,989,1569,1591]" journal="J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc." page="476" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" score="102.97837005415418" volume="86" year="1990"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04613F7B6BFD26F98D" ID-CoL="8RFJH" authority="(Roxb.) Punetha & Kholia, J." authorityName="Punetha & Kholia, J." baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[276,641,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04613F7B6BFECDF98D" box="[276,362,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P.nudata</emphasis> +(Roxb.) Punetha & Kholia, J. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA69B0462AF7B6BFD75F98C" box="[644,722,1570,1591]" name="India" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Bombay</collectingCountry> +Nat. Hist. Soc. 86:476. 1990 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827B08FD15F92C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827B08FE41F9ED" box="[169,486,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04615E7B08FE6CF9ED" box="[373,459,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hoiokula</taxonomicName> +.— +</emphasis> +Two Hawaiian endemics, most closely related to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463E87B0BFB7DF9ED" box="[963,1242,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463E87B0BFBE1F9EC" box="[963,1094,1602,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptogramma</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04647B7B08FB7DF9ED" box="[1104,1242,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04608A7B28FEB8F9CD" box="[161,287,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04608A7B28FEB8F9CD" box="[161,287,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the phylogeny of Fawcett et al. (in press), are transferred to this new genus: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04642B7B2BFF48F92C" authority="D. D. Palmer" authorityName="D. D. Palmer" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04642B7B2BFB47F9CD" box="[1024,1248,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris pendens</emphasis> +D.D. Palmer +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460DD7BCBFD15F92C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[246,690,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460DD7BCBFDA3F92D" box="[246,516,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris sandwicensis</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827BE8FE49F94C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827BE8FE4BF90C" box="[169,492,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461447BEBFE76F90C" box="[367,465,1698,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisorus</taxonomicName> +.— +</emphasis> +Previously recognized as monotypic, this genus now includes two species. Both share its proliferous buds, unusual among +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04626A7B8BFD50F96C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[577,759,1730,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463287B8BFB7AF96C" authority="(Alston) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[771,1245,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463287B8BFBBCF96D" box="[771,1051,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris blastophora</emphasis> +(Alston) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527BABFE49F94C" authority="(Kunze) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[121,494,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527BABFE99F94C" box="[121,318,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris unita</emphasis> +(Kunze) Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7DEBFE4BFF6C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60BA7DEBFDFDFF0C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[145,602,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7DEBFE04FF0D" box="[145,419,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris subpennigera</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B62B27DEBFCA9FF0C" box="[665,782,162,183]" name="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +, is similar but lacks proliferous buds and has elongate sori; we consider it +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61477D8BFE41FF6D" box="[364,486,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">incertae sedis</emphasis> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7DABFD66FEAC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7DABFE36FF4D" box="[145,401,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61737DA8FE36FF4D" box="[344,401,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pakau</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +.— +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB99B1B61867DABFE19FF4C" box="[429,446,226,247]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +single taxon, native to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B62B17DABFCBDFF4C" box="[666,794,226,247]" name="New Zealand" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +and northern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B638F7DABFC59FF4C" box="[932,1022,226,247]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Australia</collectingCountry> +, is transferred to this monotypic genus: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61247C4BFD66FEAC" authority="(G. Forst.) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[271,705,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61247C4BFE58FEAC" box="[271,511,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris pennigera</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7C6BFBB1FECC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7C6BFDB7FE8D" box="[145,528,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B614A7C68FDABFE8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[353,524,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sphaerostephanos</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +—Three species have been transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63807C68FBF4FE8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[939,1107,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63807C68FBF4FE8D" box="[939,1107,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which was recently demonstrated to be a large, mostly monophyletic, but morphologically heterogeneous genus (Fawcett et al. in press): +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B608F7C2BFE60FECC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[164,455,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incisa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B608F7C2BFEC8FECC" box="[164,367,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris incisa</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61E47C2BFD58FECC" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[463,767,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microloncha"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61E47C2BFDF2FECD" box="[463,597,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. microloncha</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B632C7C2BFBB1FECC" authority="(Brause) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[775,1046,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="superba"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B632C7C2BFCC3FECD" box="[775,868,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P.superba</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7CCBFD5CFE6C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7CCBFEACFE2D" box="[145,267,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.—Certain species stand out as especially problematic due to limited sampling, unique morphological features (or lack of diagnostic features), and distributions in poorly collected regions of high diversity, or some combination of these factors, and we are unable to place these with confidence. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BB7CABFC4CFCCC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +The karst regions of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B61787CABFDAEFE4C" box="[339,521,482,503]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry> +host an extraordinary diversity of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63797CABFC5EFE4C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[850,1017,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, and these are known from few herbarium collections and very limited molecular data. Some of these can be transferred with confidence to the genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60E27F68FE99FD8D" box="[201,318,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60E27F68FE99FD8D" box="[201,318,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61767F68FDA6FD8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[349,513,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61767F68FDA6FD8D" box="[349,513,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see above); however, we were unable to study diagnostic microscopic features of +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB99B1B60867F0BFF7FFDEC" box="[173,216,578,599]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus> +material, or sample tissue for molecular analyses of others. The following species of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B63DD7F0BFB0BFDEC" box="[1014,1196,578,599]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry> +all share the following characteristics: small stature; epipetric habitat, predominantly on calcareous rocks; proximal pinnae gradually reduced, and shallowly lobed pinnae, often with free, or forking veins, or with few anastomosing pairs: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A7FEBFE6BFD0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[97,460,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cheesmaniae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A7FEBFED6FD0D" box="[97,369,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris cheesmaniae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61FD7FEBFD18FD0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[470,703,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="egenolfioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61FD7FEBFDC3FD0D" box="[470,612,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. egenolfioides</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62E17FEBFC10FD0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[714,951,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latisquamata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62E17FEBFCFBFD0D" box="[714,860,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. latisquamata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63E97FEBFF12FD6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nephrolepioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63E97FEBFBCCFD0D" box="[962,1131,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. nephrolepioides</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60977F8BFE3BFD6C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[188,412,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patentipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60977F8BFEE3FD6C" box="[188,324,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P.patentipinna</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B618F7F8BFD1BFD6C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[420,700,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petrophila"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B618F7F8BFDB2FD6D" box="[420,533,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P.petrophila</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +(treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B630D7F88FC61FD6D" box="[806,966,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B630D7F88FC61FD6D" box="[806,966,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by Holttum and Roy 1965); and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60A77FABFE28FD4C" authority="Holttum. The" authorityName="Holttum. The" box="[140,399,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="versteeghii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60A77FABFEA3FD4D" box="[140,260,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. versteeghii</emphasis> +Holttum. The +</taxonomicName> +last taxon exhibits the asymmetrical pinna-bases typical of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63C97FA8FBFFFD4D" box="[994,1112,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63C97FA8FBFFFD4D" box="[994,1112,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, though its pinnae are not deeply incised. Outside of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B61CF7E4BFD3AFCAC" box="[484,669,770,791]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry> +, several other diminutive rock ferns of diverse morphology are known and are also of uncertain placement: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62037E6BFCCAFC8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[552,877,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lithophila"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62037E6BFCB2FC8D" box="[552,789,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris lithophila</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B635E7E6BFB94FC8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[885,1075,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aberrans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B635E7E6BFC7CFC8D" box="[885,987,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. aberrans</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B64107E6BFEB4FCEC" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumbawensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B64107E6BFB6FFC8D" box="[1083,1224,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. sumbawensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B616C7E0BFD31FCEC" authority="(Copel.) Holttum. Some" authorityName="Holttum. Some" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[327,662,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brooksii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B616C7E0BFE0FFCED" box="[327,424,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. brooksii</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum. Some +</taxonomicName> +of these calciphilic rock ferns demonstrate an interesting parallel to the diversity of the New World genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62017E28FD31FCCD" box="[554,662,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62017E28FD31FCCD" box="[554,662,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +on Caribbean karst ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB99B1B63767E2BFC46FCCC" author="Fawcett" box="[861,993,866,887]" firstAuthor="Fawcett" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern. J." pageId="80" pageNumber="70" pagination="183 - 192" part="110" refId="ref108269" refString="FAWCETT, S. 2020. A new species of Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Hispaniola. Amer. Fern. J. 110: 183 - 192." title="A new species of Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Hispaniola" type="journal article" year="2020">Fawcett 2020</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7ECBFDF3FC6C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +An aberrant species with up to eight pairs of gradually reduced pinnae, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B636E7ECBFB99FC2C" box="[837,1086,898,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auctipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B636E7ECBFB99FC2C" box="[837,1086,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris auctipinna</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, resolves with support as sister to the four sphaerostephanoid genera, however, morphologically it is most similar to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B647A7EE8FB64FC0D" box="[1105,1219,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B647A7EE8FB64FC0D" box="[1105,1219,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Additional data are needed to confirm its placement. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60B97EABFC0DFBCC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +The aforementioned +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B614E7EABFDC3FC4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[357,612,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B614E7EABFDC3FC4D" box="[357,612,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B62817EABFC83FC4C" box="[682,804,994,1015]" name="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +, as well as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63B27EA8FBE3FC4D" box="[921,1092,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63B27EA8FBE3FC4D" box="[921,1092,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Christella distans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and perhaps +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A7948FEBAFBAD" box="[97,285,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A7948FF7AFBAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[97,221,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +fidelei +</emphasis> +(Fawcett et al. in press), from the same area, are more closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63D37948FB3AFBAD" box="[1016,1181,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63D37948FB3AFBAD" box="[1016,1181,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A796BFF7EFB8C" box="[97,217,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A796BFF7EFB8C" box="[97,217,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +than either is to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6150796BFDABFB8C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[379,524,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6150796BFDABFB8C" box="[379,524,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or any of its segregate genera; however, they are morphologically distinct from all species currently recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61C07908FD2CFBED" box="[491,651,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61C07908FD2CFBED" box="[491,651,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. We refrain from placing these taxa until a more complete understanding of the interrelationships of the African +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6248792BFCAFFBCC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[611,776,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +can be achieved. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA79CBFBABFAAC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +The African species +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B617179CBFD6FFB2C" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[346,712,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B617179CBFDBDFB2D" box="[346,538,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +resolves variously with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B639379C8FBB3FB2D" box="[952,1044,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B639379C8FBB3FB2D" box="[952,1044,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB99B1B643079CBFB90FB2C" box="[1051,1079,1154,1175]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B643079CBFB95FB2C" box="[1051,1074,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B647179C8FB6EFB2D" box="[1114,1225,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B647179C8FB6EFB2D" box="[1114,1225,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press), and our interpretation of its morphology is inconclusive; we refrain from making a combination, pending further study. The morphologically similar +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62757988FCC3FB6C" authority="Viane" authorityName="Viane" box="[606,868,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandafra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62757988FC81FB6D" box="[606,806,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Thelypteris glandafra</emphasis> +Viane +</taxonomicName> +was believed to be closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A79ABFEBBFB4D" box="[97,284,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A79ABFEBBFB4D" box="[97,284,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B616179ABFDEBFB4C" authority="(Viane 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Viane" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[330,588,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B616179ABFE6CFB4D" box="[330,459,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. blastophora</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB99B1B61FE79ABFDE2FB4C" author="Viane" box="[469,581,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Viane" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg." pageId="80" pageNumber="70" pagination="41 - 56" part="118" refId="ref115431" refString="VIANE, R. L. L. 1985. A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 118: 41 - 56." title="A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast" type="journal article" year="1985">Viane 1985</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, but we treat the latter taxon in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B635079ABFC7CFB4C" box="[891,987,1250,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B635079ABFC7CFB4C" box="[891,987,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Further study is needed to place +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6084784BFEB9FAAD" box="[175,286,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandafra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6084784BFEB9FAAD" box="[175,286,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">T.glandafra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and an additional African taxon, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6277784BFCC6FAAD" box="[604,865,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6277784BFCC6FAAD" box="[604,865,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris oppositifolia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, with confidence. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA786BFE02FA0C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +Finally, because of inadequate descriptions, incomplete +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB99B1B62927868FD42FA8D" box="[697,741,1313,1334]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus> +material, and/or aberrant morphology not corresponding closely to any current generic concept, we additionally treat the following taxa as +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B639E780BFB89FAED" box="[949,1070,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">incertae sedis</emphasis> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B641C780BFEA3FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburnea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B641C780BFF0CFACD" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris eburnea</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6126782BFE7CFACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[269,475,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japenensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6126782BFE25FACC" box="[269,386,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. japenensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61CF782BFD30FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[484,663,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lawakii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61CF782BFD9AFACD" box="[484,573,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. lawakii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B628B782BFC05FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[672,930,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microauriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B628B782BFCEEFACD" box="[672,841,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. microauriculata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6380782BFB61FACC" authority="(Desv.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[939,1222,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prismatica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6380782BFB84FACC" box="[939,1059,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. prismatica</emphasis> +(Desv.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A78CBFE60FA2C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[97,455,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subappendiculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A78CBFEBEFA2D" box="[97,281,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. subappendiculata</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61FA78CBFD23FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[465,644,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tobaica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61FA78CBFD8CFA2D" box="[465,555,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. tobaica</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62A578CBFC6AFA2C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[654,973,1410,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="transversaria"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62A578CBFC87FA2C" box="[654,800,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. transversaria</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63FC78CBFB61FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[983,1222,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usambarensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63FC78CBFBCCFA2D" box="[983,1131,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. usambarensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60A278EBFE02FA0C" authority="(Kuntze) Holttum." box="[137,421,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60A278EBFF4AFA0D" box="[137,237,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. venulosa</emphasis> +(Kuntze) Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60A47888FDB6F9AC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60A47888FE8FFA6C" box="[143,296,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Excluded species</emphasis> +.—We exclude +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B619D788BFC8FFA6C" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[438,808,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B619D788BFD22FA6D" box="[438,645,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris lucida</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, which is likely to have been described from a mislabeled specimen of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B617378ABFDE5FA4C" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[344,578,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B617378ABFE04FA4D" box="[344,419,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. laevis</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +from the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B628B78ABFCA8FA4C" box="[672,783,1506,1527]" name="Philippines" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Philippines</collectingCountry> +, not from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B635978ABFC41FA4C" box="[882,998,1506,1527]" name="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +, as it was labeled in the cultivated collection at Kew ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB99B1B61597B4BFDA1F9AC" author="Holttum" box="[370,518,1538,1559]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1973a</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA89B0962737CD6FC6CFF4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA89B0962737CD6FC6CFF4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..af80233fbb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA89B0962737CD6FC6CFF4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ +<document id="77E120EA648424D7D408511036E7E94A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA89B0962737CD6FC6CFF4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisorus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="F0DFB0AAEA56629EF6498845ADE17879" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="3E685C1C1F42845294F90CF729C86ADA"> +<mods:title id="82EE957A5CFA8B66D4D0814F1F1A47CA">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="9D1F566AF116B9B6EA20887C913180B2" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="56BC2C51C7C627C6C24BCA077290A35C"> +<mods:roleTerm id="71EA42BC5EDCBA29E93575CA5E24A602">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0E8CF44AEB8CE6F1FA52BC8AA6FDA293">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="CF5D5B98D5622F637F30765E381DBE03" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9CD3372DA94CCD41B7A05D6E826207AC"> +<mods:roleTerm id="E20834556FCBD67469E4D8BAC2ACD407">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="A62F5E6EE19104DA837B4FE13EBE754A">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="F35901234E2E63860578662EB38A3BB9">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="9182C57F28925DC1717E485513CC56AC"> +<mods:dateIssued id="3B3232EA15780F8AAEC56DADE23D8698">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="173206750817426A28CDCAC7E6BF8FA5">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="711303FB719634DFBB9C78BEBA35039E"> +<mods:placeTerm id="608EFE08C82A25B1DBAB4195A906493A">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="4DF8D291B2E39FEC49E9577DB870BE1C">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFA89B0962737CD6FC6CFF4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076518" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA89B0962737CD6FC6CFF4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA89B0962737CD6FC6CFF4C" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A62737CD6FCA6FE02" box="[600,769,415,441]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A62737CD6FCA6FE02" blockId="65.[121,1219,415,477]" box="[600,769,415,441]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFA89B0A62737CD6FCA6FE02" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[600,769,415,441]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62737CD6FCA6FE02" ID-CoL="5P48" box="[600,769,415,441]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62737CD6FCA6FE02" bold="true" box="[600,769,415,441]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">MENISORUS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A60527C81FDD6FE66" box="[121,625,455,477]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A60527C81FDD6FE66" blockId="65.[121,1219,415,477]" box="[121,625,455,477]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA89B0A60527C81FDCAFE66" author="Menisorus Alston" box="[121,621,455,477]" journal="Bol. Soc. Brot." page="20" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" score="0.5141819683696851" volume="30" year="1956"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A60527C81FE1EFE67" ID-CoL="5P48" authority="Alston, Bol. Soc. Brot." box="[121,441,455,477]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60527C81FF42FE66" bold="true" box="[121,229,456,477]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisorus</emphasis> +Alston, Bol. Soc. Brot. +</taxonomicName> +, sér. 2, 30:20. 1956 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A625B7C82FB64FE67" box="[624,1219,458,476]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A625B7C82FB64FE67" blockId="65.[121,1219,415,477]" box="[624,1219,458,476]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA89B0A62AA7C82FD06FE60" box="[641,673,459,475]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA89B0A62AA7C82FD06FE60" box="[641,673,459,475]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62827C82FC63FE67" ID-CoL="72ZTP" authority="(Hook.) Alston" authorityName="Alston" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[681,964,458,476]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62827C82FCF7FE60" box="[681,848,458,475]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisorus pauciflorus</emphasis> +(Hook.) Alston +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63F07C82FB67FE67" ID-CoL="3ZQR4" authority="Hook." authorityName="Hook." box="[987,1216,458,476]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63F07C82FB2CFE60" box="[987,1163,458,475]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Meniscium pauciflorum</emphasis> +Hook. +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A60B27CB9FE54FDBA" box="[153,499,496,513]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A60B27CB9FE54FDBA" blockId="65.[153,499,496,513]" box="[153,499,496,513]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A615B7CB9FE49FDBA" author="Holttum" box="[368,494,496,513]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A60527F5EFE76FDF7" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A60527F5EFE76FDF7" blockId="65.[121,1251,535,1804]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60527F5EFF5FFD97" box="[121,248,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61367F5EFEEAFD97" box="[285,333,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">mene</emphasis> +, moon + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61817F5EFE7CFD97" box="[426,475,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">sorus</emphasis> +, sorus, in reference to the crescent-moon-shaped, or lunulate, sori on the crossveins, similar to those of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A614D7F7EFE76FDF7" box="[358,465,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A614D7F7EFE6AFDF7" box="[358,461,567,588]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Meniscium</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A60827F11FE3EFC56" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A60827F11FE3EFC56" blockId="65.[121,1251,535,1804]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +Plants small to medium-sized, terrestrial, rheophytes of rocky streambeds in lowland tropical forests, or forest understory plants to ~ +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA89B0A61607F31FECFFD36" box="[331,360,632,653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity> +tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61BE7F31FE54FD36" bold="true" box="[405,499,632,653]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">rhizomes</emphasis> +erect, ascending, or short-creeping ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63677F3EFC7AFD37" box="[844,989,631,652]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63677F3EFC7AFD37" box="[844,989,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M.blastophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), rhizome scales caducous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60527FD1FF1BFD16" bold="true" box="[121,188,664,685]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, ascending or arching, pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A636F7FD1FCD8FD16" bold="true" box="[836,895,664,685]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A642F7FD1FBD0FD17" bold="true" box="[1028,1143,663,685]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">stipe scales</emphasis> +appressed, sparse, glabrous, brown, ovate-deltate, to slightly elongate, apparently caducous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63557FFEFC67FD77" bold="true" box="[894,960,695,716]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">blades</emphasis> +drying dark, sometimes grayish white abaxially in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A617B7F9EFE71FD57" box="[336,470,727,748]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A617B7F9EFE71FD57" box="[336,470,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. pauciflorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, proximal pinnae not or little-reduced, apex conform to subconform, frequently with proliferous buds, or persistent plantlets arising from distal rachis, just below frond apex; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64327FB1FBC7FCB6" bold="true" box="[1049,1120,760,781]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">pinnae</emphasis> +with crenate margins, obliquely dentate or shallowly lobed, bases truncate to narrowly cuneate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A639B7E51FC41FC96" bold="true" box="[944,998,792,813]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">veins</emphasis> +with one to several pairs anastomosing, these forming a zig-zag excurrent vein to sinus, with subsequent veins running along deep sinusmembrane; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60C07E1EFEFBFCD7" bold="true" box="[235,348,855,876]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">aerophores</emphasis> +absent ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61867E1EFD97FCD7" box="[429,560,855,876]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61867E1EFD97FCD7" box="[429,560,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. pauciflorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or elongate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A629E7E1EFCADFCD7" box="[693,778,855,876]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A629E7E1EFCADFCD7" box="[693,778,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63357E11FBD2FCD6" bold="true" box="[798,1141,855,877]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">indument abaxially and adaxially</emphasis> +essentially lacking, or of short, erect hairs restricted to axes and occasional small scales on costae abaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64227E3EFBC7FC37" bold="true" box="[1033,1120,887,908]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">pustules</emphasis> +present in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64E37E3EFF15FC17" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64E37E3EFF15FC17" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60977ED1FF43FC16" bold="true" box="[188,228,920,941]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">sori</emphasis> +exindusiate, round to elongate, discrete or confluent along arching cross-veins (meniscioid sori); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64507ED1FB47FC16" bold="true" box="[1147,1248,920,941]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60FD7EFEFEBFFC77" bold="true" box="[214,280,951,972]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">spores</emphasis> +papillose or winged ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A61CC7EF1FDDDFC76" author="Holttum" box="[487,634,952,973]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A62AF7EFEFCD7FC76" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[644,880,951,973]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63AB7EFEFC2DFC77" box="[896,906,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">x</emphasis> +=36, diploid, based on a count of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64E37EFEFF15FC57" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64E37EFEFF15FC57" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. No hybrids are known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A60827EBEFE86FBD6" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A60827EBEFE86FBD6" blockId="65.[121,1251,535,1804]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60827EBEFEA1FBB7" box="[169,262,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A610F7EBEFE21FBB7" box="[292,390,1015,1036]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A610F7EBEFE21FBB7" box="[292,390,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be recognized by the combination of exindusiate sori, at least some of which are elongate along veins, and subapical proliferous buds. It shares these characteristics with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63EB795FFB2CFB90" box="[960,1163,1046,1067]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63EB795FFB2CFB90" box="[960,1163,1046,1067]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Ampelopteris prolifera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but that monotypic genus may be distinguished by its forked hairs, indeterminate growth of frond apices, and stipitate glands on sporangial stalks. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B0A6082793FFE79FA96" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A6082793FFE79FA96" blockId="65.[121,1251,535,1804]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A6082793FFDBFFB30" box="[169,536,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A619C793FFDBFFB30" box="[439,536,1142,1163]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisorus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is the only genus within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63397931FC1EFB36" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[786,953,1144,1165]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +that is restricted to Africa. Its three constituent species are widespread in lowland and montane equatorial forests, up to about +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA89B0A641879D1FB26FB17" box="[1075,1153,1175,1197]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity> +, reaching +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA89B0A605279F1FF4BFB76" box="[121,236,1208,1229]" name="Madagascar" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +and the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA89B0A611579F1FE3EFB76" box="[318,409,1208,1229]" name="Comoros" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Comoros</collectingCountry> +, and the Atlantic island of Bioko. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62F279FEFC01FB70" box="[729,934,1206,1228]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62F279FEFC01FB70" box="[729,934,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisorus pauciflorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is quite distinctive and bears the narrow elongate pinnae with oblique costules characteristic of some other rheophytic, but distantly related, thelypteroids (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A613379BFFDE1FAB7" box="[280,582,1270,1292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataractorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A613379BFFDE1FAB7" box="[280,582,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Sphaerostephanos cataractorum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A627879BEFCBEFAB0" box="[595,793,1270,1292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A627879BEFCBEFAB0" box="[595,793,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisciopsis boydiae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA89B0A630D79B1FCCAFAB7" box="[806,877,1271,1293]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[121,129,1777,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1238,164,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[125,1239,162,1735]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG.5.A.Menisciopsiscyatheoides,Takeuchi1719 (UC),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.M.boydiae,Baldwin116 (US),habit.C.Menisciopsisrubrinervis,Fawcett716 (VT), pinna,abaxial view.Abacopteris aspera,James 1693 (VT).D. pinna.E.pinna,abaxial view." pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A630D79B1FCCAFAB7" bold="true" box="[806,877,1271,1293]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); its typical habitat is rocky, forested streambeds ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A60D97851FE73FA96" author="Lovett & Thomas" box="[242,468,1304,1325]" firstAuthor="Lovett" journalOrPublisher="Fern Gaz." pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="103 - 107" part="13" refId="ref111489" refString="LOVETT, J. C. & D. W. THOMAS. 1986. The ecology of pteridophytes in the Mwanihana Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Fern Gaz. 13: 103 - 107." title="The ecology of pteridophytes in the Mwanihana Forest Reserve, Tanzania" type="journal article" year="1986">Lovett & Thomas 1986</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA89B096082787EFC6CFF4C" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0A6082787EFEA9F9D7" blockId="65.[121,1251,535,1804]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A6082787EFDDFFAF0" box="[169,632,1334,1356]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A623E787FFDDFFAF0" box="[533,632,1334,1355]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisorus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, segregated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A633B7871FC30FAF6" author="ALSTON, A. H. G." box="[784,919,1336,1357]" journalOrPublisher="Bol. Soc. Brot." pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="5 - 27" part="30" refId="ref106334" refString="ALSTON, A. H. G. 1956. New African ferns. Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 30: 5 - 27." title="New African ferns" type="journal article" year="1956">Alston (1956)</bibRefCitation> +from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63F8787EFB9FFAF7" box="[979,1080,1335,1356]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63F8787EFB9FFAF7" box="[979,1080,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, was treated as a monotypic genus based solely on the highly distinctive +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62A3781EFCABFAD0" box="[648,780,1366,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62A3781EFCABFAD0" box="[648,780,1366,1388]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. pauciflorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Until recently (Fawcett et al. in press) +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64AB781EFB47FAD7" box="[1152,1248,1367,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64AB781EFB47FAD7" box="[1152,1248,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +remained one of only two of 337 genera of ferns (as recognized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A63237831FCD0FA36" author="PPG I" box="[776,887,1399,1421]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016"> +PPG +<date id="FFA01020FFA89B0A6312783EFCD0FA36" box="[825,887,1399,1421]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" value="2016-01">I 2016</date> +</bibRefCitation> +) yet to be included in a phylogenetic study—the last is +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A610278DFFE02FA10" box="[297,421,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Thysanosoria</emphasis> +(Lomariopsidaceae) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A625378DEFCBDFA17" author="Chen" box="[632,794,1431,1452]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chen" journalOrPublisher="J. Pl. Res." pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="67 - 76" part="131" refId="ref107256" refString="CHEN, C. W., C. J. ROTHFELS, A. M. A. MUSTAPENG, M. GUBILIL, D. N. KARGER, M. KESSLER, & Y. M. HUANG. 2018. End of an enigma: Aenigmopteris belongs in Tectaria (Tectariaceae: Polypodiopsida). J. Pl. Res. 131: 67 - 76." title="End of an enigma: Aenigmopteris belongs in Tectaria (Tectariaceae: Polypodiopsida)" type="journal article" year="2018">Chen et al. 2018</bibRefCitation> +). Based on molecular evidence, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A646478DEFEF5FA77" authority="(Kunze) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A646478DEFF0EFA77" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Pneumatopteris unita</emphasis> +(Kunze) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +is sister to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A619178FEFD2AFA70" box="[442,653,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A619178FEFD2EFA70" box="[442,649,1462,1484]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus">Menisorus pauciflorus</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and the two are well-supported on a long branch with no close relatives; therefore, we treat them as congeners. Based on morphological similarity, we expand +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63D8789EFBF4FA57" box="[1011,1107,1495,1516]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63D8789EFBF4FA57" box="[1011,1107,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to also include +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A605278BEFEB4F9B0" box="[121,275,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A605278BEFEA8F9B0" box="[121,271,1526,1548]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophorus">M. blastophorus</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +recognizing the genus to include three species. The phylogenetic position of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63C178BEFBEDF9B7" box="[1002,1098,1527,1548]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63C178BEFBEDF9B7" box="[1002,1098,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is along a grade of cyclosoroid genera, after the divergence of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A626D7B5FFD25F990" box="[582,642,1558,1579]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A626D7B5FFD25F990" box="[582,642,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a monotypic genus endemic to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA89B0A63E77B5EFBF5F997" box="[972,1106,1559,1580]" name="New Zealand" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA89B0A64AE7B5EFB46F997" box="[1157,1249,1559,1580]" name="Australia" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Australia</collectingCountry> +(described herein) and before the divergence of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A621D7B7FFD16F9F0" box="[566,689,1590,1611]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A621D7B7FFD16F9F0" box="[566,689,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a New World genus of 16 species (elevated to generic status herein) ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA89B0A60E07B1EFEA7F9D7" box="[203,256,1623,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60E07B1EFEA7F9D7" bold="true" box="[203,256,1623,1644]" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA89B0960827B3EFC6CFF4C" blockId="65.[121,1251,535,1804]" lastBlockId="66.[97,1225,161,247]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="65" pageNumber="55"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60827B3EFF7BF937" box="[169,220,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Notes</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A60DC7B3EFE3AF937" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[247,413,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +is represented in Africa by only about 55 species ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A63507B3EFBA9F937" author="Holttum" box="[891,1038,1655,1676]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +), far fewer than in the Neotropics or southeastern Asia; however, these species represent more than a dozen +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63817BDEFC45F917" box="[938,994,1687,1708]" genus="The" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +lineages within the family (Fawcett et al. in press), a pattern that may have been greatly accentuated by recent extinctions ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0A64397BFEFB70F977" author="ALDASORO, J. J. & F. CABEZAS & C. AEDO" box="[1042,1239,1719,1740]" journalOrPublisher="J. Biogeogr" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="1579 - 1604" part="31" refId="ref106179" refString="ALDASORO, J. J., F. CABEZAS, & C. AEDO. 2004. Diversity and distribution of ferns in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar and some islands of the South Atlantic. J. Biogeogr. 31: 1579 - 1604." title="Diversity and distribution of ferns in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar and some islands of the South Atlantic" type="journal article" year="2004">Aldasoro et al. 2004</bibRefCitation> +). The genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A60CB7B9EFDA2F957" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[224,517,1751,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60CB7B9EFED6F957" box="[224,369,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +sensu Holttum +</taxonomicName> +has proven to be the most polyphyletic of his taxonomic concepts, resolving in 10 distinct lineages (see +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A615E7BBEFDA1F8B7" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[373,518,1783,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A615E7BBEFDA1F8B7" box="[373,518,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for further discussion). African species treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63F57BBEFBC8F8B7" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[990,1135,1783,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63F57BBEFBC8F8B7" box="[990,1135,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA89B0964A47BBEFF0EFF0C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +resolve in clades corresponding to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09622A7DE8FC55FF0D" box="[513,1010,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09622A7DE8FDD6FF0D" box="[513,625,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962527DE8FD71FF0D" box="[633,726,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Christella</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962CB7DEBFCE5FF0C" box="[736,834,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisorus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0963677DE8FC49FF0D" box="[844,1006,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudocyclosorus</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +or +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0964397DE8FB2EFF0D" box="[1042,1161,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0964397DE8FB22FF0D" box="[1042,1157,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Reholttumia</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +While we have made new combinations for some of these, we remain uncertain about the placement of others, pending further study, and we treat two species which may have close affinities to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962E57DABFC89FF4C" box="[718,814,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962E57DABFC89FF4C" box="[718,814,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0963607DABFC62FF4D" box="[843,965,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">incertae sedis</emphasis> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAA9B0F62797916FC28FB8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAA9B0F62797916FC28FB8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..80318d37a60 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAA9B0F62797916FC28FB8C.xml @@ -0,0 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pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFAA9B0862797916FCAFFBC2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[594,776,1119,1145]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0862797916FCAFFBC2" ID-CoL="5PXL" box="[594,776,1119,1145]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862797916FCAFFBC2" bold="true" box="[594,776,1119,1145]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">MESOPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAA9B08605279C1FDC6FB26" box="[121,609,1160,1181]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B08605279C1FDC6FB26" blockId="67.[121,1210,1119,1181]" box="[121,609,1160,1181]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAA9B08605279C1FDF9FB26" author="Mesopteris Ching" box="[121,606,1160,1181]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="22" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" score="3.863100345872848" volume="16" year="1978"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08605279C1FE4CFB26" ID-CoL="5PXL" authority="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." authorityName="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." box="[121,491,1160,1181]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08605279C1FF4EFB26" bold="true" box="[121,233,1160,1181]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesopteris</emphasis> +Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. +</taxonomicName> +16:22. 1978 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAA9B08624B79C2FB1DFB27" box="[608,1210,1162,1180]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B08624B79C2FB1DFB27" blockId="67.[121,1210,1119,1181]" box="[608,1210,1162,1180]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAA9B08625979C2FD36FB20" box="[626,657,1163,1179]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAA9B08625979C2FD36FB20" box="[626,657,1163,1179]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0862B179C2FC1BFB27" ID-CoL="425ML" authority="(C. Chr.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[666,956,1162,1180]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862B179C2FCE5FB20" box="[666,834,1162,1179]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesopteris tonkinensis</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0863F979C2FB10FB27" authority="C. Chr." authorityName="C. Chr." box="[978,1207,1162,1180]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863F979C2FBDEFB20" box="[978,1145,1162,1179]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Dryopteris tonkinensis</emphasis> +C.Chr. +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAA9B0860B279F9FD73FB7A" box="[153,724,1200,1217]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B0860B279F9FD73FB7A" blockId="67.[153,724,1200,1217]" box="[153,724,1200,1217]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +For additional synonymy, see Wang et al.(2015) and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B08620E79F9FD3BFB7A" author="Holttum" box="[549,668,1200,1217]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1977a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B08628879F9FD6DFB7A" author="Holttum" box="[675,714,1200,1217]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAA9B086052799EFD63FA96" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B086052799EFD63FA96" blockId="67.[121,1250,1239,1805]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B086052799EFF5EFB57" box="[121,249,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B086135799EFEF3FB57" box="[286,340,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">mesos</emphasis> +, middle + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B086194799EFE54FB57" box="[447,499,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">pteris</emphasis> +, fern. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAA9B0862187991FDE4FB56" box="[563,579,1240,1261]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +genus endemic to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAA9B0862D77991FC9FFB56" box="[764,824,1240,1261]" name="China" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">China</collectingCountry> +and neighboring northern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAA9B08646F7991FB3DFB56" box="[1092,1178,1240,1261]" name="Vietnam" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B08648F7991FF10FAB6" author="Ching" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 19" part="16" refId="ref107554" refString="CHING, R. C. 1978. The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 1 - 19." title="The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin" type="journal article" year="1978">Ching (1978)</bibRefCitation> +did not explicitly state why he chose +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08620C79BEFD2CFAB7" box="[551,651,1271,1292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08620C79BEFD2CFAB7" box="[551,651,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as the name of his new genus, but in Mandarin the name for +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAA9B0860527851FF12FA96" box="[121,181,1304,1325]" name="China" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">China</collectingCountry> +is +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAA9B0860E57851FE95FA96" box="[206,306,1303,1325]" name="China" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Zhōngguó</collectingCountry> +(中國/中国), in English, Middle Kingdom. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAA9B0F60827871FDB6FEEC" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B0F60827871FDB6FEEC" blockId="67.[121,1250,1239,1805]" lastBlockId="68.[97,1226,162,1079]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +Plants terrestrial, medium-sized (to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAA9B0862017871FDF7FAF7" box="[554,592,1335,1357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity> +tall), of lowland tropical forests or disturbed sites, or on limestone; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0860527811FF7FFAD6" bold="true" box="[121,216,1368,1389]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">rhizomes</emphasis> +long-creeping ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08615E781EFE5BFAD7" box="[373,508,1367,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08615E781EFE5BFAD7" box="[373,508,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. tonkinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) to erect ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08624E781EFC86FAD7" box="[613,801,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08624E781EFCBDFAD7" box="[613,794,1367,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraphysophora">M. paraphysophora</taxonomicName> +) +</emphasis> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863057811FCD5FAD6" bold="true" box="[814,882,1368,1389]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, arching to erect, pinnate-pinnatifid; stipes dull brown to castaneous, rarely stramineous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863287831FCD2FA37" bold="true" box="[771,885,1399,1421]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">stipe scales</emphasis> +tan, glabrous, tortuous, linear-lanceolate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08608378DEFF4CFA17" bold="true" box="[168,235,1431,1452]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to sub-coriaceous, often drying dark brown to reddish brown, darker adaxially and paler abaxially, apex conform to subconform, proximal pinnae not or little reduced, proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864B378F1FB46FA76" bold="true" box="[1176,1249,1464,1485]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">pinnae</emphasis> +short-petiolulate, with truncate to cuneate bases, proximal pinnae often narrowed towards their bases, not auriculate, margins dentate, with sinuses reaching ca. 1/3 towards costae, to deeply lobed to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAA9B08635878B1FC0CF9B7" box="[883,939,1527,1549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +from costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08640D78B1FBFCF9B6" bold="true" box="[1062,1115,1528,1549]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">veins</emphasis> +often obscure adaxially except for swollen vein endings, free, connivent below sinus, or with one or more pairs anastomosing below it, veins terminating before reaching margins, or ending at margins, sinus membrane sometimes with tooth-like projection abaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08612E7B1EFED1F9D7" bold="true" box="[261,374,1623,1644]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">aerophores</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861E97B11FD2FF9D6" bold="true" box="[450,648,1624,1645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">indument abaxially</emphasis> +essentially lacking, or of short (<0.1 mm) hyaline acicular hairs on axes and laminae, and/or of minute spherical or stipitate glands, primarily restricted to axes, or red to amber resinous glands, which may be spherical and sessile, or viscid, sometimes abundant on laminae, these most easily observed on fresh material and not always apparent on dried specimens; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862847BF1FCD2F976" bold="true" box="[687,885,1720,1741]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">indument adaxially</emphasis> +essentially lacking, or of minute (<0.1 mm) hairs or minute colorless, golden brown glands primarily restricted to costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863BC7B9EFC49F957" bold="true" box="[919,1006,1751,1772]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">pustules</emphasis> +often present on laminar tissue abaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08613D7BB1FE99F8B6" bold="true" box="[278,318,1784,1805]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">sori</emphasis> +round, discrete or confluent ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08627C7BBEFD6CF8B7" box="[599,715,1783,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08627C7BBEFD6CF8B7" box="[599,715,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. attenuata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), medial, distributed along length of segments or mostly towards segment base (never restricted to segment apices), exindusiate or with small indusia, which may be glabrous, or obscured by abundant resinous glands ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61CA7D8BFD76FF6C" box="[481,721,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F61CA7D8BFDFEFF6C" box="[481,601,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata">M. attenuata</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62497D8BFD76FF6C" box="[610,721,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceramica">M. ceramica</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62CE7D8BFCEDFF6C" bold="true" box="[741,842,194,215]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous, or with glands on capsules or on stalks; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60E87DA8FEA2FF4D" bold="true" box="[195,261,225,246]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">spores</emphasis> +dark brown to black, with broad, non-reticulating crests; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63137DABFCE4FF4C" box="[824,835,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">x</emphasis> += 38, based on a count of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F64697DABFB6EFF4D" box="[1090,1225,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F64697DABFB6EFF4D" box="[1090,1225,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">M. tonkinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +provided by Wang et al. 2015. This is an anomalous and unexpected number within the family and needs verification; nearly all members of the cyclosoroid clade (which includes the greatest diversity in the family) share the synapomorphy of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F608A7C0BFF0BFEEC" box="[161,172,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">x</emphasis> += 36. No hybrids have been reported. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F60BA7C2BFD0CFD8D" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F60BA7C2BFD0CFD8D" blockId="68.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60BA7C2BFE2BFECD" box="[145,396,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F61237C2BFECBFECC" box="[264,364,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Mesopteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAD9B0F61597C28FE2BFECD" box="[370,396,353,374]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +is distinguished from +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62497C28FCA8FECC" box="[610,783,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62497C28FD4AFECD" box="[610,749,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Amblovenatum</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAD9B0F62D97C2BFCA8FECC" box="[754,783,354,375]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +by indusia small, absent, or obscured by copious resinous glands (vs. indusia conspicuous, and persistent); presence of red to amber-colored translucent resinous glands (vs. opaque, sulfur-colored to pale glands); indument on axes essentially lacking, or of short (<0.1 mm) stipitate-glandular and hyaline acicular hairs (vs. indument including long (0.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAD9B0F63527C8BFC17FE6C" box="[889,944,450,471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +) hyaline acicular hairs); and laminae drying bicolorous, dark, often reddish (vs. concolorous green to pale olivaceous). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F63CD7CABFBEAFE4C" box="[998,1101,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63CD7CABFBEAFE4C" box="[998,1101,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F604A7F48FF6DFDAD" box="[97,202,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F604A7F48FF6DFDAD" box="[97,202,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F60D27F4BFECAFDAC" box="[249,365,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60D27F4BFECAFDAC" box="[249,365,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having more deeply incised pinnae; it also lacks the stiff, thickened, sometimes spinelike scales often present on stipes in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F61927F68FDA5FD8D" box="[441,514,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61927F68FDA5FD8D" box="[441,514,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62047F68FD0CFD8D" box="[559,683,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62047F68FD00FD8D" box="[559,679,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F60BA7F08FDF5FD4C" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F60BA7F08FDF5FD4C" blockId="68.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60BA7F08FEDBFDED" box="[145,380,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—The six species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F626E7F0BFD0FFDEC" box="[581,680,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F626E7F0BFD0FFDEC" box="[581,680,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, five treated in this genus here for the first time, occur in humid tropical forest to elevations of about +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAD9B0F62217F2BFDF1FDCC" box="[522,598,610,631]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity> +. In contrast to species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F63657F28FC7EFDCD" box="[846,985,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63657F28FC7EFDCD" box="[846,985,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAD9B0F63F47F2BFC5DFDCC" box="[991,1018,610,631]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63F47F2BFC52FDCC" box="[991,1013,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, several of which are extremely widespread, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F616C7FCBFE5DFD2C" box="[327,506,642,663]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F616C7FCBFE0AFD2C" box="[327,429,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +tend to occupy more limited distributional ranges. The +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAD9B0F64017FCBFBF1FD2C" box="[1066,1110,642,663]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus> +species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F649B7FCBFF6FFD0D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F649B7FCBFF6FFD0D" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">M. tonkinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is restricted to the vicinity of the border area between +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F62FD7FEBFCB5FD0C" box="[726,786,674,695]" name="China" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">China</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F636B7FEBFC32FD0C" box="[832,917,674,695]" name="Vietnam" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +, where it occurs along roadsides and on limestone (Wang et al. 2015). The remaining species are primarily Malesian, with limited distributional ranges, extending as far east as the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F61867FABFDE9FD4C" box="[429,590,738,759]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F60BA7E4BFC28FB8C" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F60BA7E4BFB9FFCCD" blockId="68.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60BA7E4BFE7EFCAD" box="[145,473,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—All species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62577E4BFD47FCAC" box="[636,736,770,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62577E4BFD47FCAC" box="[636,736,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were treated in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63577E48FC5EFCAD" box="[892,1017,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amphineuron</emphasis> +(= +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F643C7E48FB67FCAD" box="[1047,1216,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F643C7E48FB05FCAD" box="[1047,1186,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Amblovenatum</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAD9B0F64837E48FB67FCAD" box="[1192,1216,769,790]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +) by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAD9B0F60557E6BFEBAFC8C" author="Holttum" box="[126,285,802,823]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1977a)</bibRefCitation> +, a genus recognized by Ching but excluding +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62E67E68FCE9FC8D" box="[717,846,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62E67E68FCE9FC8D" box="[717,846,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">A. tonkinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which he segregated in the monotypic genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F60B57E0BFEA5FCEC" box="[158,258,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60B57E0BFEA5FCEC" box="[158,258,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in his classification of the ferns of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F627A7E0BFD2AFCEC" box="[593,653,834,855]" name="China" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">China</collectingCountry> +(1978). The Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F637E7E0BFC36FCEC" box="[853,913,834,855]" name="China" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">China</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAD9B0F63B67E0BFB8EFCEC" author="Lin" box="[925,1065,834,855]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="68" pageNumber="58" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +) followed +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAD9B0F64A77E0BFF38FCCC" author="Ching" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="68" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 19" part="16" refId="ref107554" refString="CHING, R. C. 1978. The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 1 - 19." title="The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin" type="journal article" year="1978">Ching (1978)</bibRefCitation> +in recognizing +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F61197E2BFE31FCCC" box="[306,406,866,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61197E2BFE31FCCC" box="[306,406,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as monotypic, but +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62627E28FD79FCCD" box="[585,734,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amphineuron s.l</emphasis> +. was subsumed under +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F639D7E28FB9FFCCD" box="[950,1080,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F639D7E28FBBEFCCD" box="[950,1049,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAD9B0F64357E28FB9FFCCD" box="[1054,1080,865,886]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F60BB7ECBFC28FB8C" blockId="68.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +The first molecular evidence that +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61FB7EC8FDEAFC2D" box="[464,589,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amphineuron</emphasis> +sensu +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAD9B0F62A67ECBFC82FC2C" author="Holttum" box="[653,805,898,919]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1977a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAD9B0F63067ECBFCFAFC2C" author="Holttum" box="[813,861,898,919]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) was not monophyletic was published by He and Zhang (2012). This result was corroborated by subsequent analyses, which further infer a close phylogenetic relationship between a +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F61607E8BFD82FC6D" box="[331,549,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61607E8BFD82FC6D" box="[331,549,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris tonkinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +collection from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F62E07E8BFCAEFC6C" box="[715,777,962,983]" name="China" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">China</collectingCountry> +and specimens of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F63EE7E8BFBDAFC6D" box="[965,1149,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraphysophora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63EE7E8BFBDAFC6D" box="[965,1149,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">M. paraphysophora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F64847E8BFEA5FC4D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudostenobasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F64847E8BFEA5FC4D" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">M. pseudostenobasis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F61147EABFE31FC4C" box="[319,406,994,1015]" name="Malaysia" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Malaysia</collectingCountry> +and the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAD9B0F61C47EABFD32FC4C" box="[495,661,994,1015]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +, respectively (Fawcett et al. in press). The three sampled species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F60EF794BFE8FFBAC" box="[196,296,1026,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60EF794BFE8FFBAC" box="[196,296,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are sister to a clade that includes the genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62F07948FCE4FBAD" box="[731,835,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62F07948FCE4FBAD" box="[731,835,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F6364794BFC64FBAC" box="[847,963,1026,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F6364794BFC64FBAC" box="[847,963,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F63E47948FBBFFBAD" box="[975,1048,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63E47948FBBFFBAD" box="[975,1048,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F64657948FB6DFBAD" box="[1102,1226,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F64657948FB61FBAD" box="[1102,1222,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +See +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F60AE7968FEB7FB8D" box="[133,272,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60AE7968FEB7FB8D" box="[133,272,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for further discussion of taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B08620F7FC3FB6FFB8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B08620F7FC3FB6FFB8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d2afe7fa374 --- /dev/null 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box="[548,774,650,676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFAB9B09620F7FC3FCA1FD1F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[548,774,650,676]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09620F7FC3FCA1FD1F" ID-CoL="5PVX" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[548,774,650,676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09620F7FC3FCA1FD1F" bold="true" box="[548,774,650,676]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">MESOPHLEBION</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B09604A7FFBFB17FD7C" box="[97,1200,690,711]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B09604A7FFBFB17FD7C" blockId="66.[97,1225,650,737]" box="[97,1200,690,711]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAB9B09604A7FFBFDACFD7C" author="Mesophlebion Holttum" box="[97,523,690,711]" journal="Blumea" page="29" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09604A7FFBFE3FFD7C" ID-CoL="5PVX" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[97,408,690,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09604A7FFBFF48FD7C" bold="true" box="[97,239,690,711]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +19:29. 1971 +</treatmentCitation> +, a renaming of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962B67FFBFCAAFD7C" box="[669,781,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Mesoneuron</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAB9B0963397FFBFC35FD7C" author="Ching" box="[786,914,690,711]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="66" pageNumber="56" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +, non +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0963EE7FFBFB92FD7C" box="[965,1077,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Mezonevron</emphasis> +Desf. (1818). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0964847FFBFD5FFD5A" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0964847FFBFD5FFD5A" blockId="66.[97,1225,650,737]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAB9B09608A7F99FF67FD5B" box="[161,192,720,736]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAB9B09608A7F99FF67FD5B" box="[161,192,720,736]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0960E27F99FDACFD5A" ID-CoL="424YB" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[201,523,720,737]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960E27F99FE21FD5A" box="[201,390,720,737]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Mesophlebion crassifolium</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962347F99FD53FD5A" ID-CoL="HFRH" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[543,756,720,737]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962347F99FD19FD5A" box="[543,702,720,737]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Aspidium crassifolium</emphasis> +Blume +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0960AA7FBCFDAFFCBC" box="[129,520,757,775]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0960AA7FBCFDAFFCBC" blockId="66.[129,520,757,775]" box="[129,520,757,775]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAB9B09614A7FBFFE76FCBC" author="Holttum" box="[353,465,758,775]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAB9B0961FC7FBFFE59FCBC" author="Holttum" box="[471,510,758,775]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B09604A7E55FEA8FCE9" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B09604A7E55FEA8FCE9" blockId="66.[97,1226,796,1810]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09604A7E55FF45FC8A" box="[97,226,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961227E54FE90FC89" box="[265,311,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">meso</emphasis> +, middle + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09618F7E55FE53FC8A" box="[420,500,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">phlebion</emphasis> +, vein, in reference to basal basiscopic veins arising from costae between costules ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAB9B0960907E74FEA6FCE9" box="[187,257,829,850]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960907E74FEA6FCE9" bold="true" box="[187,257,829,850]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Fig. 9C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0960BA7E14FEF6F9A9" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0960BA7E14FEF6F9A9" blockId="66.[97,1226,796,1810]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +Plants terrestrial, mostly in wet forests, medium-sized; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09629B7E14FCA8FCC9" bold="true" box="[688,783,861,882]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">rhizomes</emphasis> +short- to long-creeping, at apices with rather rigid (but never spine-like) dark scales bearing short acicular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962DC7E34FC9DFC29" bold="true" box="[759,826,893,914]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">fronds</emphasis> +mostly +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAB9B0963AC7E34FC54FC2A" box="[903,1011,892,914]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" unit="cm" value="92.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="35.0">35–150 cm</quantity> +tall, monomorphic to dimorphic ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0960F87ED4FEFBFC0A" box="[211,348,924,946]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligodictyon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960F87ED4FEFBFC0A" box="[211,348,924,946]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M.oligodictyon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961457ED4FE0EFC09" bold="true" box="[366,425,925,946]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">stipes</emphasis> +green when living, stramineous or reddish-flushed with age, scaly primarily at bases (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0960807EF4FE80FC6A" box="[171,295,956,978]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960807EF4FE80FC6A" box="[171,295,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M.echinatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and a few other spp.), scales tan to brown, mostly +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAB9B0962D67EF4FCF1FC6A" box="[765,854,956,978]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 mm</quantity> +long, lanceolate, bearing short acicular hairs on margins and on surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961827E95FE4CFC4A" bold="true" box="[425,491,988,1009]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">blades</emphasis> +usually pinnate-pinnatifid with proximal pinnae not reduced, apices confluent and gradually tapering to subconform, or rarely, blades simple ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962DB7EB4FCDBFBAA" box="[752,892,1020,1042]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligodictyon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962DB7EB4FCDBFBAA" box="[752,892,1020,1042]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M. oligodictyon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0963BB7EB4FC71FBA9" bold="true" box="[912,982,1021,1042]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">pinnae</emphasis> +opposite or subopposite, often becoming alternate distally, shallowly to usually deeply lobed (to within +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAB9B09636F7954FCDBFB8A" box="[836,892,1052,1074]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity> +of costae); proximal pair narrowed at their bases, sessile to long-petiolulate (to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAB9B09622E7974FD90FBE9" box="[517,567,1085,1106]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity> +); rachises hairy to sometimes glabrescent, hairs acicular, sometimes with scales similar to those of stipes proximally, but scales shorter, blades lacking vegetative buds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09640E7914FBFDFBC9" bold="true" box="[1061,1114,1117,1138]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">veins</emphasis> +free, rarely weakly united ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0960DE7934FED8FB2A" box="[245,383,1148,1170]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligodictyon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960DE7934FED8FB2A" box="[245,383,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M. oligodictyon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), usually connivent at or just below the sinuses and touching sides of an often hairy ridge below sinus, simple in ultimate segments, ending at segment margins, basal basiscopic veins arising from costa midway between costules ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAB9B09613E79F4FEFBFB69" box="[277,348,1213,1234]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09613E79F4FEFBFB69" bold="true" box="[277,348,1213,1234]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Fig. 9C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), near base of costule, or from costules (in smaller spp., e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09639B79F4FB84FB6A" box="[944,1059,1212,1234]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09639B79F4FB84FB6A" box="[944,1059,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M. arenicola</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) of ultimate segments; costae adaxially prominent, grooved; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962337995FD2DFB4A" bold="true" box="[536,650,1244,1265]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">aerophores</emphasis> +sometimes swollen on living fronds, collapsing on drying, never peg-like; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960DD79B4FE19FAA9" bold="true" box="[246,446,1277,1298]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">indument abaxially</emphasis> +on axes (rachises, costae, costules, and sometimes veins) of acicular, unicellular hairs, laminar tissue between veins usually glabrous, lacking stipitate glands, sometimes with spherical or hemispherical glands, scales sometimes present abaxially along costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962B37874FCF9FAE9" bold="true" box="[664,862,1341,1362]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">indument adaxially</emphasis> +only along rachis and costae, of acicular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960957815FEB2FACA" bold="true" box="[190,277,1372,1393]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09614C7814FE28FAC9" bold="true" box="[359,399,1373,1394]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">sori</emphasis> +round to sometimes elongate along veins, medial, indusiate (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0964057815FB1CFACA" box="[1070,1211,1372,1393]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligodictyon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0964057815FB1CFACA" box="[1070,1211,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M. oligodictyon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), indusia round-reniform, thin, small to large, often caducous, glabrous or with short acicular setae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09640F7834FB2DFA29" bold="true" box="[1060,1162,1405,1426]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">sporangia</emphasis> +shortstalked, young ones often pale violet, glabrous or usually bearing a reddish or orangish stipitate spherical gland from the sporangial stalk, capsules lacking glands and hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09627878F5FD32FA6A" bold="true" box="[595,661,1468,1489]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">spores</emphasis> +dark brown, with long, continuous wings and a few crosswings, ridges, or minutely papillose; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961907895FE61FA4A" box="[443,454,1500,1521]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">x</emphasis> += 36 (3 species counted, both diploids and tetraploids); no intergeneric or infrageneric hybrids are known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0960BA7B55FC58F969" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0960BA7B55FC58F969" blockId="66.[97,1226,796,1810]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960BA7B55FF4CF98A" box="[145,235,1564,1585]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.—The genus is generally relatively easy to recognize because of the deltate pinnate-pinnatifid blades that are widest at the base, dark green thick-herbaceous blades, creeping rhizomes, free veins connivent at or near sinuses, and presence of large, stipitate, reddish spherical glands on the sporangial stalks, a characteristic shared with its closest relatives, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960917B35FE99F92A" box="[186,318,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0960917B35FEBAF92A" box="[186,285,1660,1681]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAB9B09610A7B35FE99F92A" box="[289,318,1660,1681]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0961427B35FE45F92A" box="[361,482,1660,1681]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961427B35FE45F92A" box="[361,482,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0961C07B35FDCFF92A" box="[491,616,1660,1681]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961C07B35FDCFF92A" box="[491,616,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is easily distinguished from the latter by the more deeply incised pinnae, and the non-proliferous fronds. From +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962387BD5FDD2F90A" box="[531,629,1692,1713]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962387BD5FDD2F90A" box="[531,629,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962AB7BD5FD5AF90A" box="[640,765,1692,1713]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962AB7BD5FD5AF90A" box="[640,765,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distinguished by the free veins, shorter-creeping rhizomes, and forest habitat (vs. fresh-water marshes and swamps, often in partial to full sun). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0860BA7B95FE8EFE0C" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0860BA7B95FE8EFE0C" blockId="66.[97,1226,796,1810]" lastBlockId="67.[121,1255,162,1079]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960BA7B95FD86F94A" box="[145,545,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09618B7B95FD86F94A" box="[416,545,1756,1777]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mesophlebion</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises ca. 17 species, distributed from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B0963E67B95FB8BF94A" box="[973,1068,1756,1777]" name="Myanmar" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Myanmar</collectingCountry> +and peninsular +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B09604A7BB4FF1DF8A9" box="[97,186,1789,1810]" name="Thailand" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Thailand</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B0960C07BB4FE98F8A9" box="[235,319,1789,1810]" name="Vietnam" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B0961977BB4FDADF8A9" box="[444,522,1789,1810]" name="Malaysia" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, except eastern Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAB9B09642E7BB4FB35F8A9" author="Holttum" box="[1029,1170,1789,1810]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +); it is absent from Melanesia and Polynesia, and represented in Australasia by three species in New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAA9B0864227DEBFBF5FF0C" box="[1033,1106,162,183]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Guinea</collectingCountry> +. Nearly half of the species are rare in collections, and the greatest diversity is in Borneo, with 13 species. Species are generally found in low- to mid-elevation forests, or among rocks in riverbeds, from +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAA9B0862DE7DABFCFDFF4C" box="[757,858,226,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1800 m</quantity> +. Species seldom occur in open habitats, except for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0860F47C4BFEF4FEAD" box="[223,339,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0860F47C4BFEF4FEAD" box="[223,339,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. arenicola</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861A87C4BFE52FEAD" box="[387,501,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teuscheri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861A87C4BFE52FEAD" box="[387,501,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. teuscheri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which grow on wet sandstone in exposed places ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0863C87C4BFBC8FEAC" author="Holttum" box="[995,1135,258,279]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +); as a likely consequence of this nutrient-deficient habitat, these two species are smaller (< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAA9B08635F7C6BFC15FE8C" box="[884,946,290,311]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity> +) than others in the genus. One other small species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861137C0BFE63FEED" box="[312,452,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligodictyon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861137C0BFE63FEED" box="[312,452,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. oligodictyon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, differs from others in the genus in its dimorphic blades, lack of acicular hairs abaxially, and irregularly anastomosing veins, somewhat resembling species of the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0863777C28FBD6FECD" box="[860,1137,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccarianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863777C28FBD6FECD" box="[860,1137,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Sphaerostephanos beccarianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +group ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAA9B0864977C2BFF35FE2C" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864977C2BFF35FE2C" bold="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Fig. 7A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). Holttum treated it in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08615C7CC8FE52FE2D" box="[375,501,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08615C7CC8FE52FE2D" box="[375,501,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +based on the stipitate gland on sporangial stalk, and venation; its placement needs verification. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAA9B0860827C8BFDA8FC2C" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B0860827C8BFC65FCAC" blockId="67.[121,1255,162,1079]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0860827C8BFE51FE6D" box="[169,502,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—The genus +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862577C8BFD4BFE6C" box="[636,748,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesoneuron</emphasis> +was published by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0863887C8BFB83FE6C" author="Ching" box="[931,1060,450,471]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +in his treatment of mainland Asian +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08613C7CABFE18FE4C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[279,447,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +. Because of its similarity to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862E27CABFC9EFE4C" box="[713,825,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mezonevron</emphasis> +Desv. (a synonym of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08642D7CA8FBD5FE4D" box="[1030,1138,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Caesalpinia</emphasis> +, Fabaceae), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0860527F4BFEABFDAC" author="Holttum" box="[121,268,514,535]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +published the replacement name +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08626D7F48FD64FDAD" box="[582,707,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08626D7F48FD64FDAD" box="[582,707,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Initially, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B08630B7F4BFC14FDAC" author="Holttum" box="[800,947,514,535]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +included the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0864477F48FB46FDAD" box="[1132,1249,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864477F48FB46FDAD" box="[1132,1249,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a subgenus of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861327F68FE31FD8D" box="[281,406,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861327F68FE31FD8D" box="[281,406,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but later +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0861DD7F6BFD2BFD8C" author="Holttum" box="[502,652,546,567]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum (1975)</bibRefCitation> +accorded +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0862C77F68FCC6FD8D" box="[748,865,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862C77F68FCC6FD8D" box="[748,865,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +generic rank. Prior to that, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0864407F6BFF10FDEC" author="Christensen" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Gardens' Bull. Straits Settlem." pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="375 - 407" part="4" refId="ref107808" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1929. On some ferns from the Malay peninsula. Gardens' Bull. Straits Settlem. 4: 375 - 407." title="On some ferns from the Malay peninsula" type="journal article" year="1929">Christensen (1929)</bibRefCitation> +recognized species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861BE7F08FDB3FDED" box="[405,532,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861BE7F08FDB3FDED" box="[405,532,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a distinct group, in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0862DC7F0BFCFCFDEC" box="[759,859,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862DC7F0BFCFCFDEC" box="[759,859,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Dryopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and compared them to the neotropical group +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0860927F2BFE61FDCC" box="[185,454,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Steiropteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0860927F2BFEBAFDCC" box="[185,285,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Dryopteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861777F2BFE61FDCC" box="[348,454,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(herein recognized as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08628E7F2BFCAAFDCC" box="[677,781,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08628E7F2BFCAAFDCC" box="[677,781,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), which they superficially resemble in venation, blade architecture, and blade texture ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAA9B0861D87FCBFD8CFD2C" box="[499,555,642,663]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861D87FCBFD8CFD2C" bold="true" box="[499,555,642,663]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Fig. 9</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B08626B7FCBFD7EFD2C" author="Holttum" box="[576,729,642,663]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +commented on the pale violet-purple color of young sporangia (and sometimes indusia) of some species, a character observed by us in this genus and also in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0864597FE8FB7CFD0D" box="[1138,1243,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864597FE8FB7CFD0D" box="[1138,1243,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The cause of this coloration, or its taxonomic importance, is unknown. Certain species complexes, especially +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0864A37F8BFF14FD4D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864A37F8BFF14FD4D" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. crassifolium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0860947FABFED8FD4D" box="[191,383,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlamydophorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0860947FABFED8FD4D" box="[191,383,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. chlamydophorum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861A07FABFDBBFD4D" box="[395,540,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="motleyanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861A07FABFDBBFD4D" box="[395,540,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. motleyanum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and close allies, are quite variable, and circumscription of taxa requires re-examination and detailed field study, a situation noticed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0862EC7E4BFCFBFCAC" author="Holttum" box="[711,860,770,791]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +and by us. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B0860837E6BFDA8FC2C" blockId="67.[121,1255,162,1079]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +Sequence data show that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861B07E68FDBFFC8D" box="[411,536,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861B07E68FDBFFC8D" box="[411,536,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0863257E68FCD6FC8D" box="[782,881,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863257E68FCD6FC8D" box="[782,881,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAA9B08635C7E6BFC35FC8C" box="[887,914,802,823]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08635C7E6BFC2BFC8C" box="[887,908,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0863EA7E68FB9DFC8D" box="[961,1082,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863EA7E68FB9DFC8D" box="[961,1082,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the three genera forming a clade that is sister to the neotropical genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0862467E0BFD76FCEC" box="[621,721,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862467E0BFD76FCEC" box="[621,721,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0862F77E0BFC2EFCEC" author="He & Zhang" box="[732,905,834,855]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0863BB7E0BFBE1FCEC" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[912,1094,834,855]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press). The relationship of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861517E28FE50FCCD" box="[378,503,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861517E28FE50FCCD" box="[378,503,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08623C7E28FD27FCCD" box="[535,640,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08623C7E28FD27FCCD" box="[535,640,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08629B7E28FC82FCCD" box="[688,805,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08629B7E28FC82FCCD" box="[688,805,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, however, is more remote ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0864007E2BFB79FCCC" author="He & Zhang" box="[1067,1246,866,887]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAA9B0860527ECBFE97FC2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[121,304,898,919]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="67" pageNumber="57" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAA9B0860827EE8FB6FFB8C" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAA9B0860827EE8FB6FFB8C" blockId="67.[121,1255,162,1079]" pageId="67" pageNumber="57"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0860827EE8FEFFFC0C" box="[169,344,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08615E7EE8FD01FC0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[373,678,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08615E7EE8FDEAFC0D" box="[373,589,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">Mesophlebion arenicola</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0862847EEBFBA1FC0C" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[687,1030,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculiferum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862847EEBFCEAFC0D" box="[687,845,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. auriculiferum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0864247EEBFF6AFC6C" authority="(Ces.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ces." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccarianum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864247EEBFB04FC0D" box="[1039,1187,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. beccarianum</emphasis> +(Ces.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0860FE7E8BFED8FC6C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[213,383,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroli"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0860FE7E8BFE80FC6D" box="[213,295,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. caroli</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861AC7E88FE37FC6D" box="[391,400,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0861BA7E88FCD1FC6C" authority="(Rosenst. ex C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[401,886,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlamydophorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861BA7E88FDF6FC6D" box="[401,593,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. chlamydophorum</emphasis> +(Rosenst. ex C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863557E88FC2FFC6D" box="[894,904,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0863A37E88FB67FC6C" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[904,1216,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863A37E88FBB2FC6D" box="[904,1045,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. crassifolium</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0864E37E8BFE83FC4C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulitense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864E37E8BFF6DFC4D" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. dulitense</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0861057EA8FE90FC4D" box="[302,311,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08611C7EA8FDFDFC4C" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[311,602,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08611C7EA8FE10FC4D" box="[311,439,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. echinatum</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0862487EABFC27FC4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[611,896,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="endertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0862487EABFD6DFC4D" box="[611,714,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. endertii</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0863A17EABFBD2FC4C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[906,1141,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcatilobum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863A17EABFBBCFC4D" box="[906,1051,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. falcatilobum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0864547EABFEB9FBAC" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hallieri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0864547EABFB46FC4D" box="[1151,1249,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. hallieri</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B08611B794BFCB3FBAC" authority="(Hook. ex Hook. & Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook. & Baker" box="[304,788,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="motleyanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B08611B794BFE18FBAD" box="[304,447,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M.motleyanum</emphasis> +(Hook. ex Hook. & Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B086337794BFBEDFBAC" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[796,1098,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligodictyon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B086337794BFC00FBAD" box="[796,935,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. oligodictyon</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B086476794BFEC0FB8C" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persquamiferum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B086476794BFF17FB8D" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M.persquamiferum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B086151796BFDE3FB8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[378,580,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B086151796BFE4BFB8D" box="[378,492,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. rufescens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B086267796BFCD3FB8C" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[588,884,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teuscheri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B086267796BFD1AFB8D" box="[588,701,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. teuscheri</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAA9B0863AC796BFB6FFB8C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" box="[903,1224,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichopodum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAA9B0863AC796BFBBEFB8D" box="[903,1049,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="57">M. trichopodum</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09627C7C2EFD63FEC7" bold="true" box="[599,708,359,380]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAB9B09627C7C2EFD63FEC7" box="[599,708,359,380]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0962EF7C22FCD6FE2E" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0962EF7C22FCD6FE2E" blockId="66.[97,1227,268,407]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAB9B0962FC7C22FBFEFEC7" author="Kunze" box="[727,1113,363,380]" journal="Linnaea" page="114" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" score="4.864797368871433" volume="18" year="1844"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962FC7C22FC53FEC7" ID-CoL="8R9ZT" authority="Kunze, Linnaea" authorityName="Kunze, Linnaea" box="[727,1012,363,380]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Gymnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962FC7C22FCD1FEC0" box="[727,886,363,379]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Gymnogramma unita</emphasis> +Kunze, Linnaea +</taxonomicName> +18:114. 1844 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09645B7C22FE90FE2C" ID-CoL="8R9YT" authority="(Kunze) J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09645B7C22FF60FE2E" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Goniopteris unita</emphasis> +(Kunze) J. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0961627CCCFDCBFE2C" ID-CoL="8RDFL" authority="(Kunze) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[329,620,389,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961627CCCFE40FE2E" box="[329,487,389,405]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Pneumatopteris unita</emphasis> +(Kunze) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962AB7CCCFCD6FE2E" ID-CoL="8RCZL" authority="(Kunze) Mett." box="[640,881,389,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962AB7CCCFCA5FE2E" box="[640,770,389,406]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Phegopteris unita</emphasis> +(Kunze) Mett. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7C7BFC22FEDA.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7C7BFC22FEDA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..36dc85075f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7C7BFC22FEDA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +<document id="7FD1EA59BD8F16AFB202C259F538B679" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7C7BFC22FEDA" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisorus blastophorus S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[97,642,305,327]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophorus" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09604A7C7BFEF0FEFD" bold="true" box="[97,343,305,327]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Menisorus blastophorus</emphasis> +(Alston) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962A27C78FD53FEFD" bold="true" box="[649,756,305,326]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAB9B0962A27C78FD53FEFD" box="[649,756,305,326]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0962DF7C7CFC22FEDA" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0962DF7C7CFC22FEDA" blockId="66.[97,1227,268,407]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAB9B09632C7C7CFF60FEDA" author="Alston" journal="Bol. Soc. Brot." page="12" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" score="0.5141819683696851" volume="30" year="1956"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09632C7C7CFBC0FEFE" ID-CoL="8R8PC" authority="Alston, Bol. Soc. Brot." box="[775,1127,309,327]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09632C7C7CFC18FEFD" box="[775,959,309,326]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Cyclosorus blastophorus</emphasis> +Alston,Bol.Soc. Brot. +</taxonomicName> +, ser. 2,30:12. 1956 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0960F67C19FD92FEDA" ID-CoL="8RDCV" authority="(Alston) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[221,565,336,353]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960F67C19FE08FEDA" box="[221,431,336,353]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Pneumatopteris blastophora</emphasis> +(Alston) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0962637C19FC22FEDA" ID-CoL="8RFC2" authority="(Alston) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[584,901,336,353]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0962637C19FD50FEDA" box="[584,759,336,353]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Thelypteris blastophora</emphasis> +(Alston) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7CE5FDF9FDD9.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7CE5FDF9FDD9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0c6f6f99055 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7CE5FDF9FDD9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +<document id="03CD7F47370E6B75FAE0AB9878100FD7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7CE5FDF9FDD9" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisorus blastophorus S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="6F8B1C35E3DA0714E35E1134A72E7D39" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="9D75244615351508B9AC7F60CD73725C"> +<mods:title id="4F785BCF001166ADBA79D0681168740E">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="F66C597EC57BBF394F7B98A621F11EF6" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="3E12AE58029AE1B3A3B23917DCE43877"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2BE87ECDD2A243FEDB13EA25306844DC">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C28AC85FFF61DD3BF98CD9D1EABB119D">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="D1B2A8CE5D2560D05F6CE5C13062F1BF" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D90CFCD7571B3AD7A3A14EE79CE661A8"> +<mods:roleTerm id="AA6795E2816CCDD57E6C01BAA69D66DF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C5FF17379EBAC4DE6967B341BA28478F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="41EA4499E6BDC89394052065A69824D5">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="6BE22D60842188B0CDE732455F799A1C"> +<mods:dateIssued id="3AF228642FF2D70012B3A785CE1FC319">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="14CB0663891E83EE754627D767FBF12C">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="60BC39A546F5C81A4263542F83E1E834"> +<mods:placeTerm id="E093F313ADA2499D55467B69F46DB219">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="CDE85E07BBFE36E4C2BC18494207F7A4">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7CE5FDF9FDD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7CE5FDF9FDD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFAB9B09604A7CE5FDF9FDD9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B09604A7CE5FE21FE59" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B09604A7CE5FE21FE59" blockId="66.[97,1227,428,610]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09604A7CE5FEA8FE79" box="[97,271,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0961077CE4FC94FE79" ID-CoL="8RTZN" authority="(Alston) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[300,819,428,450]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961077CE4FDAFFE7A" box="[300,520,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Menisorus blastophorus</emphasis> +(Alston) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B09636E7CE4FBC7FE79" ID-CoL="72ZTP" authority="(Hook.) Alston" authorityName="Alston" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[837,1120,428,450]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B09636E7CE4FC6DFE7A" box="[837,970,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M. pauciflorus</emphasis> +(Hook.) Alston +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0964597CE4FE21FE59" ID-CoL="8RTVF" authority="(Kunze) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0964597CE4FB6EFE79" box="[1138,1225,429,450]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M. unitus</emphasis> +(Kunze) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAB9B0960BB7CA4FDF9FDD9" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAB9B0960BB7CA4FDF9FDD9" blockId="66.[97,1227,428,610]" pageId="66" pageNumber="56"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0960BB7CA4FEABFDBA" box="[144,268,492,514]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.—We suspect the following species may be most appropriately treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0963E17CA4FB8DFDB9" box="[970,1066,493,514]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0963E17CA4FB8DFDB9" box="[970,1066,493,514]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +but refrain from making combinations pending further study; the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B0962157F44FD16FD99" box="[574,689,525,546]" name="Madagascar" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B0962CB7F44FC9EFD99" box="[736,825,525,546]" name="Comoros" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Comoros</collectingCountry> +endemic +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0963BD7F44FF4DFDF9" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0963BD7F44FB01FD9A" box="[918,1190,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Pneumatopteris subpennigera</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0961357F64FDECFDF9" authority="(Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[286,587,556,578]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961357F64FE04FDFA" box="[286,419,556,578]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">P. oppositifolia</emphasis> +(Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, an endemic to the islands of Bioko, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B09638D7F64FBA2FDF9" box="[934,1029,557,578]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">São Tomé</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAB9B09641D7F64FB34FDF9" box="[1078,1171,557,578]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">Annobón</collectingCountry> +, both of which resemble +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAB9B0961387F04FEF8FDD9" box="[275,351,589,610]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAB9B0961387F04FEF8FDD9" box="[275,351,589,610]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="56">M. unita</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but lack proliferous buds. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAC9B0C62797BD6FEA1FD4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAC9B0C62797BD6FEA1FD4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2b83abd7c45 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAC9B0C62797BD6FEA1FD4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,489 @@ +<document id="04DA51B212D0DC315097E36E3A94AE8D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAC9B0C62797BD6FEA1FD4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Oreopteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="E1CF550159C78675C40E6DAB7038EB8A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="8CBAA06A79CD95575AF91EB202091F9A"> +<mods:title id="65928FA4880B0E72BDD471BC1566D917">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="3C3299022190A5248A4FA304D7177890" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E543F4F78FF708F89C1294DC272782B3"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F7D32D93D761ECBC4733E4C1563466FD">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="3C2F8144BF17D252D2FA376088A35BC1">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="22B55592FE617A41F5E5E7CCB071B74D" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="EFA72F8A9762D18C8DFCD358B2869D3C"> +<mods:roleTerm id="273AC919121B5B7052DEF0DA38CBEE30">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2B6EE394B9CD5FEBC92EBF41E66D2798">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="EB69690D37629B3F513D5CCE1FFB4830">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="FA514765E3A8C5DEC50D454E5D5CDD59"> +<mods:dateIssued id="61FA310CF4680F5DBC224B2D07C81487">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="0BD918F637BD926235A75C413A340B58">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="A8FFD03A6924DAB51BE808A056E8A019"> +<mods:placeTerm id="982EA54A4C32D1D9CE288EE04930B3C0">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="673045DDA0F0C9DEA0466694765725AF">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFAC9B0C62797BD6FEA1FD4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFAC9B0C62797BD6FEA1FD4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFAC9B0C62797BD6FEA1FD4C" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E62797BD6FCAFF902" box="[594,776,1695,1721]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E62797BD6FCAFF902" blockId="69.[121,1230,1695,1757]" box="[594,776,1695,1721]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFAC9B0E62797BD6FCAFF902" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[594,776,1695,1721]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62797BD6FCAFF902" ID-CoL="69N5" baseAuthorityName="Holub" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[594,776,1695,1721]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62797BD6FCAFF902" bold="true" box="[594,776,1695,1721]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">OREOPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E60527B81FDD8F966" box="[121,639,1736,1757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E60527B81FDD8F966" blockId="69.[121,1230,1695,1757]" box="[121,639,1736,1757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAC9B0E60527B81FDDCF966" author="Oreopteris Holub" box="[121,635,1736,1757]" journal="Folia Geobot. Phytotax." page="46" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" score="0.07963934898189362" volume="4" year="1969"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60527B81FDB3F966" ID-CoL="69N5" authority="Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax." authorityName="Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax." box="[121,532,1736,1757]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60527B81FF41F966" bold="true" box="[121,230,1736,1757]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Oreopteris</emphasis> +Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. +</taxonomicName> +4:46. 1969 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E62557B82FB69F967" box="[638,1230,1738,1756]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E62557B82FB69F967" blockId="69.[121,1230,1695,1757]" box="[638,1230,1738,1756]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAC9B0E62A47B82FD08F960" box="[655,687,1739,1755]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAC9B0E62A47B82FD08F960" box="[655,687,1739,1755]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E629C7B82FC6EF967" ID-CoL="6T5XM" authority="(All.) Holub" authorityName="Holub" baseAuthorityName="All." box="[695,969,1738,1756]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbosperma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E629C7B82FCCCF960" box="[695,875,1738,1755]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Oreopteris limbosperma</emphasis> +(All.) Holub +</taxonomicName> +[= +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E63F47B83FB0EF960" box="[991,1193,1738,1755]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Polypodium limbospermum</emphasis> +All.] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E60B27BB9FD65F8BA" box="[153,706,1776,1793]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E60B27BB9FD65F8BA" blockId="69.[153,706,1776,1793]" box="[153,706,1776,1793]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAC9B0E60B27BB9FD18F8BA" author="Alston" box="[153,703,1776,1793]" journal="J. Wash. Acad. Sci." page="232" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" score="58.280225767046765" volume="48" year="1958"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60B27BB9FDFEF8BA" ID-CoL="8RG6S" authority="(Hook.) Alston, J. Wash. Acad. Sci." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[153,601,1776,1793]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lastrea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60B27BB9FF4CF8BA" box="[153,235,1776,1793]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61317BB9FEF6F8BB" box="[282,337,1776,1792]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Lastrea</emphasis> +(Hook.) Alston, J. Wash.Acad.Sci. +</taxonomicName> +48:232.1958 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAF9B0D604A7DE8FCAEFF0C" box="[97,777,161,183]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAF9B0D604A7DE8FCAEFF0C" blockId="70.[97,1227,161,1783]" box="[97,777,161,183]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D604A7DE8FF6EFF0D" box="[97,201,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61287DEBFE95FF0C" box="[259,306,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">oreos</emphasis> +, mountain + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D619B7DEBFE43FF0C" box="[432,484,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">pteris</emphasis> +, fern. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAF9B0D620B7DEBFD97FF0C" box="[544,560,162,183]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +fern of the mountains. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAF9B0D60BB7D8BFC39FCCC" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAF9B0D60BB7D8BFC39FCCC" blockId="70.[97,1227,161,1783]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +Plants terrestrial, mostly (15–) +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAF9B0D61997D8BFDB9FF6C" box="[434,542,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="62.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="25.0">25–100 cm</quantity> +tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62667D8BFD0CFF6C" bold="true" box="[589,683,194,215]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">rhizomes</emphasis> +brown, suberect or erect, +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAF9B0D63897D8BFC5AFF6C" box="[930,1021,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity> +diam. (excluding old stipe bases); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60F77DABFEB8FF4C" bold="true" box="[220,287,226,247]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">fronds</emphasis> +seasonal, dying back in winter, crowded and tufted, pinnate-pinnatifid, monomorphic, arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D604A7C4BFF3BFEAC" bold="true" box="[97,156,258,279]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to tan above the base; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61C47C4BFDC5FEAD" bold="true" box="[495,610,257,279]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">stipe scales</emphasis> +persistent, light brown to stramineous, thin, ovate to lanceolate, these lacking acicular hairs but marginally papillose; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62757C68FD07FE8D" bold="true" box="[606,672,289,310]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, drying yellowish green, elliptic or oblanceolate, middle pinnae the longest, with 5–10 pairs of proximal pinnae gradually reduced, basal pair(s) sometimes auriculiform or glanduliform and ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAF9B0D61547C2BFE7FFECC" box="[383,472,354,375]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 mm</quantity> +long, blade apex gradually tapered, with distal pinnae not decurrent, proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60F57CCBFE94FE2C" bold="true" box="[222,307,386,407]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">rachises</emphasis> +stramineous to pale castaneous ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D625A7CCBFD60FE2D" box="[625,711,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D625A7CCBFD60FE2D" box="[625,711,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. elwesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), usually with persistent ovate to lanceolate, glabrous scales abaxially, sometimes with hyaline acicular, unicellular hairs 0.2–0.4 mm long; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63937CEBFBA7FE0C" bold="true" box="[952,1024,418,439]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">pinnae</emphasis> +sessile or nearly so, grooved adaxially, lobed about halfway to costae ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D62157C8BFD32FE6D" box="[574,661,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62157C8BFD32FE6D" box="[574,661,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. elwesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) to deeply pinnatifid to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAF9B0D63B57C8BFC71FE6C" box="[926,982,450,471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +or less from costa, sometimes with basal acroscopic crenulate-margined auricles, on basal segments on both sides somewhat elongate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D64BF7CABFB6EFE4C" bold="true" box="[1172,1225,482,503]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">veins</emphasis> +(3–)5–12 pairs per segment, simple or 1-forked, usually prominent abaxially and adaxially, lowermost pair from adjacent segments running to margin just above sinus between adjacent lobes, veins ending at pinna margins or nearly so; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D604A7F08FF75FDED" bold="true" box="[97,210,577,598]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">aerophores</emphasis> +absent or distinctly swollen ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61C37F0BFD9AFDED" box="[488,573,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61C37F0BFD9AFDED" box="[488,573,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. elwesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D627B7F0BFCB0FDEC" bold="true" box="[592,791,578,599]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">indument abaxially</emphasis> +along costae of tan, linear, lanceolate or ovate scales, also sometimes with acicular hairs along costae, veins and tissue between veins usually lacking hairs (except near costae) or nearly so, sometimes (in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61CE7FCBFDD1FD2D" box="[485,630,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbosperma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61CE7FCBFDD1FD2D" box="[485,630,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. limbosperma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) with numerous yellowish to occasionally orangish spherical glands ca. 0.1 mm diam., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61727FEBFD86FD0C" bold="true" box="[345,545,674,695]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">indument adaxially</emphasis> +lacking or of hyaline acicular hairs on rachises and costae, sometimes also with short hairs or stipitate glands on and between veins, hairs on stipes and rachises 0.1–0.3 mm long, sparse to moderately dense, hairs if present single-celled; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D620F7FA8FDDCFD4D" bold="true" box="[548,635,737,758]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63447FABFC30FD4C" bold="true" box="[879,919,738,759]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">sori</emphasis> +inframarginal or medial, round, indusiate, indusia round-reniform, tan, persistent, glabrous or sometimes bearing minute capitate hairs, marginally toothed; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60937E6BFEBAFC8C" bold="true" box="[184,285,802,823]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or sometimes bearing glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62B47E68FD46FC8D" bold="true" box="[671,737,801,822]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">spores</emphasis> +pale brown, echinate or with prominent irregular ridges that form a coarsely reticulate network ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D620C7E0BFCB0FCEC" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[551,791,834,855]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63037E0BFC94FCEC" box="[808,819,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">x</emphasis> += 34 (unique within the family), all three species counted, only diploids known; intrageneric and intergeneric hybrids unknown. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAF9B0D60BA7EC8FC44FB6C" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAF9B0D60BA7EC8FC44FB6C" blockId="70.[97,1227,161,1783]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60BA7EC8FECDFC2D" box="[145,362,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61227EC8FECDFC2D" box="[265,362,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oreopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is distinguished from +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D626A7EC8FD6CFC2C" box="[577,715,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D626A7EC8FD0EFC2D" box="[577,681,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Thelypteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAF9B0D62857ECBFD6CFC2C" box="[686,715,898,919]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +by having suberect to erect rhizomes (vs. long-creeping); presence of persistent scales on the stipes, rachises, and sometimes on the costae abaxially; thin, glabrous stipe base scales; proximal pinnae gradually reduced (vs. proximal pinnae not reduced); sessile (vs. short-stalked), broader pinnae; and base chromosome number of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61D67EABFDAFFC4C" box="[509,520,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">x</emphasis> += 34 (vs. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62427EABFDD3FC4C" box="[617,628,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">x</emphasis> += 35). The two genera also occur in different habitats. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D64A67EABFF07FBAC" author="Holub" firstAuthor="Holub" journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobot. Phytotax." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="33 - 53" part="4" refId="ref110177" refString="HOLUB, J. 1969. Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 4: 33 - 53." title="Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Holub (1969)</bibRefCitation> +discussed at length the characteristics distinguishing +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D62897948FCA4FBAD" box="[674,771,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62897948FCA4FBAD" box="[674,771,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D63117948FC05FBAD" box="[826,930,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63117948FC05FBAD" box="[826,930,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAF9B0D638C794BFC65FBAC" box="[935,962,1026,1047]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D638C794BFC1BFBAC" box="[935,956,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, but was unaware of a third species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D60947968FEB8FB8D" box="[191,287,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60947968FEB8FB8D" box="[191,287,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61017968FED8FB8D" box="[298,383,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61017968FED8FB8D" box="[298,383,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O.elwesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. From most +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61DF7968FDDFFB8D" box="[500,632,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61DF7968FDDFFB8D" box="[500,632,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which also usually has erect caudices, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D63C27968FBEDFB8D" box="[1001,1098,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63C27968FBEDFB8D" box="[1001,1098,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs by the gradually reduced proximal pinnae, glabrous scales, and veins sometimes forked; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D63747908FC71FBED" box="[863,982,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63747908FC71FBED" box="[863,982,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +subgenera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D64167908FB6EFBED" box="[1085,1225,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D64167908FB6EFBED" box="[1085,1225,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60A2792BFF18FBCC" box="[137,191,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Venus</emphasis> +, both predominantly Asian, differ in the very narrow, almost filamentous long-creeping rhizomes. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D644C7928FB6FFBCD" box="[1127,1224,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D644C7928FB6FFBCD" box="[1127,1224,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has reduced proximal pinnae similar to many +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D620F79C8FD6CFB2C" box="[548,715,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D620F79C8FD3CFB2D" box="[548,667,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Amauropelta</emphasis> +spp. +</taxonomicName> +, but very different spore ornamentation (echinate or broadly ridged vs. reticulate and perforate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D622379E8FDD9FB0D" box="[520,638,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D622379E8FDD9FB0D" box="[520,638,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D62A379EBFD50FB0C" author="Wood" box="[648,759,1186,1207]" firstAuthor="Wood" journalOrPublisher="J. Linn. Soc. Bot." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="191 - 202" part="67" refId="ref115815" refString="WOOD, C. C. 1973. Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 67: 191 - 202." title="Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wood 1973</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D62D479E8FC4FFB0C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[767,1000,1185,1207]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +: fig.149.24–149.26). All necessary combinations have been made in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D622A7988FDC5FB6D" box="[513,610,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D622A7988FDC5FB6D" box="[513,610,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D62A9798BFCA6FB6C" author="Holub" box="[642,769,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holub" journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobot. Phytotax." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="33 - 53" part="4" refId="ref110177" refString="HOLUB, J. 1969. Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 4: 33 - 53." title="Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Holub (1969)</bibRefCitation> +and by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D6361798BFC78FB6C" author="Holttum" box="[842,991,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="223 - 226" part="36" refId="ref109931" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1981. The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae). Kew Bull. 36: 223 - 226." title="The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="1981">Holttum (1981)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAF9B0D60BA79A8FDA6FA0C" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAF9B0D60BA79A8FDA6FA0C" blockId="70.[97,1227,161,1783]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60BA79A8FEAAFB4D" box="[145,269,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Biogeography</emphasis> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D611379A8FE5CFB4D" box="[312,507,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61B179A8FE5CFB4D" box="[410,507,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oreopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises three species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D62C279A8FCDDFB4D" box="[745,890,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbosperma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62C279A8FCDDFB4D" box="[745,890,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. limbosperma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +of Eurasia, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D63CE79A8FF3AFAAC" authority="(Christ) Holub" authorityName="Holub" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quelpartensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63CE79A8FBDFFB4D" box="[997,1144,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O.quelpartensis</emphasis> +(Christ) Holub +</taxonomicName> +(often spelled +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D6107784BFE0EFAAC" box="[300,425,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">quepaertensis</emphasis> +) of eastern Asia and North America, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D636F7848FBE4FAAC" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[836,1091,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D636F7848FC3BFAAD" box="[836,924,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. elwesii</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D6464784BFB62FAAC" author="Holub" box="[1103,1221,1282,1303]" firstAuthor="Holub" journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobot. Phytotax." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="33 - 53" part="4" refId="ref110177" refString="HOLUB, J. 1969. Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 4: 33 - 53." title="Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Holub 1969</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D604A786BFF40FA8C" author="Holttum" box="[97,231,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +), confined to +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFAF9B0D614C786BFE0AFA8C" box="[359,429,1314,1335]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Sikkim</collectingRegion> +(northeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAF9B0D6211786BFDC9FA8C" box="[570,622,1314,1335]" name="India" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry> +) and +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFAF9B0D62897868FD56FA8D" box="[674,753,1313,1334]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Yunnan</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAF9B0D62D2786BFC92FA8C" box="[761,821,1314,1335]" name="China" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">China</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D636B786BFBADFA8C" author="Lin & Iwatsuki" box="[832,1034,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin & Iwatsuki 2013</bibRefCitation> +). In North America, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D604A7808FF50FAED" box="[97,247,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quelpartensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D604A7808FF50FAED" box="[97,247,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. quelpartensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is noticeably disjunct, with western populations in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, and eastern populations in Newfoundland ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D61F6782BFD1DFACC" author="Bouchard & Hay" box="[477,698,1377,1399]" firstAuthor="Bouchard" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="552 - 553" part="78" refId="ref106632" refString="BOUCHARD, A. & S. G. HAY. 1976. Thelypteris limbosperma in eastern North America. Rhodora 78: 552 - 553." title="Thelypteris limbosperma in eastern North America" type="journal article" year="1976">Bouchard & Hay 1976</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D62E8782BFC98FACC" author="Smith" box="[707,831,1378,1399]" editor="New York, U. S. A. & Oxford, UK" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="206 - 222" part="2" refId="ref114450" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1993 a. Thelypteridaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol 2. Oxford University Press, New York, U. S. A. and Oxford, UK. Pp. 206 - 222." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">Smith 1993a</bibRefCitation> +). Species occur from near sea level to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAF9B0D604A78CBFF0EFA2D" box="[97,169,1409,1431]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity> +(– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAF9B0D609478CBFEA2FA2D" box="[191,261,1409,1431]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity> +for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D610378C8FEDAFA2D" box="[296,381,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D610378C8FEDAFA2D" box="[296,381,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">O. elwesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). Species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61C478C8FDF7FA2D" box="[495,592,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61C478C8FDF7FA2D" box="[495,592,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are generally found in open, rocky woods and subalpine meadows, along streams, and in ditches in acidic soils. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAF9B0C60BA788BFB6AFD0C" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAF9B0D60BA788BFD01F9CD" blockId="70.[97,1227,161,1783]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60BA788BFE44FA6D" box="[145,483,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D61D7788BFDDBFA6C" author="Ching" box="[508,636,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +was the first to recognize the two boreal species now recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D609D78A8FEB0FA4D" box="[182,279,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D609D78A8FEB0FA4D" box="[182,279,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as close relatives, treating them together within the genus +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D636478ABFC33FA4C" box="[847,916,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Lastrea</emphasis> +Bory. The name +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D641C78ABFBDBFA4C" box="[1079,1148,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Lastrea</emphasis> +historically has been variously applied to a great diversity of ferns with free veins, but +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D63657B4BFC6AF9AC" author="Holub" box="[846,973,1538,1559]" firstAuthor="Holub" journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobot. Phytotax." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="33 - 53" part="4" refId="ref110177" refString="HOLUB, J. 1969. Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 4: 33 - 53." title="Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Holub (1969)</bibRefCitation> +pointed out that the name was illegitimate because it was published with a list of +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAF9B0D62767B68FD2FF98D" box="[605,648,1569,1590]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus> +species that included the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAF9B0D63527B68FC03F98D" box="[889,932,1569,1590]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus> +of the earlier name +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D64707B68FB65F98D" box="[1115,1218,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D64707B68FB65F98D" box="[1115,1218,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Accordingly, he proposed the name +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D619A7B08FDB5F9ED" box="[433,530,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D619A7B08FDB5F9ED" box="[433,530,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a replacement for +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D62F87B0BFCBFF9EC" box="[723,792,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Lastrea</emphasis> +sensu Ching. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D63B07B0BFB9FF9EC" author="Holttum" box="[923,1080,1602,1623]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Pama Primlane, The Chronica Botanica, New Delhi, India" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" refId="ref109689" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 e. Thelypteridaceae. In: B. K. Nayar & S. Kaur, Companion to Beddome's handbook to the ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula. Pama Primlane, The Chronica Botanica, New Delhi, India." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book" volumeTitle="B. K. Nayar & S. Kaur, Companion to Beddome's handbook to the ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula" year="1974" yearSuffix="e">Holttum (1974e)</bibRefCitation> +later expanded the circumscription of the genus to include +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D61D57B28FD06F9CD" box="[510,673,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D61D57B28FD06F9CD" box="[510,673,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris elwesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAF9B0D60B97BC8FEF0F94D" blockId="70.[97,1227,161,1783]" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +Most recent floras and fern classifications have followed +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D62FC7BCBFCFAF92C" author="Holub" box="[727,861,1666,1687]" firstAuthor="Holub" journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobot. Phytotax." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="33 - 53" part="4" refId="ref110177" refString="HOLUB, J. 1969. Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 4: 33 - 53." title="Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Holub (1969)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D63BA7BCBFB89F92C" author="Holttum" box="[913,1070,1666,1687]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="223 - 226" part="36" refId="ref109931" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1981. The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae). Kew Bull. 36: 223 - 226." title="The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="1981">Holttum (1981)</bibRefCitation> +in recognizing +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D604A7BE8FF64F90D" box="[97,195,1697,1718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D604A7BE8FF64F90D" box="[97,195,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as distinct, e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D614F7BEBFDE7F90C" author="Lin & Iwatsuki" box="[356,576,1698,1719]" firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin & Iwatsuki (2013)</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D62617BEBFD6EF90C" author="PPG I" box="[586,713,1697,1719]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">PPG I (2016)</bibRefCitation> +. Older floras, e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63577BE8FBADF90C" box="[892,1034,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Flora Europaea</emphasis> +(1964) and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D64AA7BE8FE27F96C" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60"> +Flora of North America North of +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFAF9B0D61167B8BFE27F96C" box="[317,384,1730,1751]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Mexico</collectingRegion> +</emphasis> +(1993a), and classifications (e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAF9B0D62937B8BFCFDF96C" author="Smith" box="[696,858,1729,1751]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" pagination="705 - 731" part="55" refId="ref114696" refString="SMITH, A. R., K. M. PRYER, E. SCHUETTPELZ, P. KORALL, H. SCHNEIDER, & P. G. WOLF. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55: 705 - 731." title="A classification for extant ferns" type="journal article" year="2006"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFAF9B0D62937B8BFD55F96C" box="[696,754,1730,1751]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Smith</collectingRegion> +et al. 2006 +</bibRefCitation> +) often subsume +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D63D87B88FBF3F96D" box="[1011,1108,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D63D87B88FBF3F96D" box="[1011,1108,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in a broadly defined genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAF9B0D60C17BA8FEF6F94D" box="[234,337,1761,1782]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="70" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAF9B0D60C17BA8FEF6F94D" box="[234,337,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="60">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C60827DEBFCC0FE4C" blockId="71.[121,1250,161,759]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60827DEBFEECFF0D" ID-CoL="6STXM" box="[169,331,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60827DEBFEECFF0D" box="[169,331,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Oreopteris elwesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is rare in collections, poorly known, and divergent from the other two species on the basis of the following characteristics: short-creeping rhizomes (vs. erect or suberect); pale-castaneous stipe and rachis (vs. stramineous); distal portion of stipe and rachis lacking scales; swollen aerophores (vs. aerophores absent); narrower, less deeply incised pinnae (ca. ½ vs. ca. +<superScript id="7C6B9BA8FFAE9B0C61B97C4BFE3EFEB5" attach="right" box="[402,409,258,270]" fontSize="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">4</superScript> +⁄5 their width or more); and its occurrence at higher elevation. The main characteristic keeping it in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60D97C6BFEF4FE8C" ID-CoL="69N5" box="[242,339,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60D97C6BFEF4FE8C" box="[242,339,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is its base chromosome number, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C62A17C6BFD32FE8C" box="[650,661,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">x</emphasis> += 34. In the sum of its features, it resembles more some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60A47C08FEA2FEED" ID-CoL="TBJ" box="[143,261,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60A47C08FEA2FEED" box="[143,261,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is an unlikely affinity on the basis of both geography and cytology ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C63ED7C0BFC76FEEC" box="[966,977,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">x</emphasis> += +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAE9B0C63CE7C0BFBB3FEEC" box="[997,1044,322,343]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="29.0">29 in</quantity> +all +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C641F7C08FF49FECD" authority="subg. Amauropelta" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amauropelta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C641F7C08FB0CFEED" box="[1076,1195,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60527C28FF49FECD" box="[121,238,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). Further study is needed to confirm placement of this unique taxon in the genus. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C642A7C2BFB46FECD" ID-CoL="6T69M" box="[1025,1249,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quelpartensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C642A7C2BFB46FECD" box="[1025,1249,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Oreopteris quelpartensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in Asia and North America appears to lack the large, yellow, spherical glands that characterize most specimens of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C64E07CCBFF56FE0D" ID-CoL="6T5XM" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbosperma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C64E07CCBFF56FE0D" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">O. limbosperma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from Europe, which is sometimes described as lemon-scented ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C636D7CEBFC1DFE0C" author="Jermy" box="[838,954,418,439]" firstAuthor="Jermy" journalOrPublisher="Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. University Press, Cambridge, UK" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="1" refId="ref110465" refString="JERMY, A. C. 1964. Thelypteris Schmidel. In: T. G. Turin et al., eds., Flora Europaea. Vol. 1 Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. University Press, Cambridge, UK." title="Thelypteris Schmidel" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="T. G. Turin et al., eds., Flora Europaea. Vol" year="1964">Jermy 1964</bibRefCitation> +); most specimens of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C64577CEBFF09FE6C" ID-CoL="6T69M" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quelpartensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C64577CEBFF09FE6C" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">O. quelpartensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from North America are devoid, or nearly so, of acicular hairs of the sort found in most specimens of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C64A87C8BFF12FE4C" ID-CoL="6T5XM" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbosperma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C64A87C8BFF12FE4C" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">O. limbosperma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C60947CABFEF4FE4C" author="Holttum" box="[191,339,482,503]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="223 - 226" part="36" refId="ref109931" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1981. The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae). Kew Bull. 36: 223 - 226." title="The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="1981">Holttum (1981)</bibRefCitation> +provided a key distinguishing the three known species. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C60827F4BFB6AFD0C" blockId="71.[121,1250,161,759]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +In broadly based molecular analyses ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C623D7F4BFD6DFDAC" author="He & Zhang" box="[534,714,514,535]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C62F87F4BFC28FDAC" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[723,911,514,535]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C63B27F4BFB9AFDAC" author="Patel" box="[921,1085,514,535]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60967F6BFEB8FD8C" ID-CoL="69N5" box="[189,287,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60967F6BFEB8FD8C" box="[189,287,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is sister to the entire cyclosoroid clade, including all christelloids, goniopteroids, and stegnogrammoids ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAE9B0C60EF7F0BFF5BFDEC" box="[196,252,578,599]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60EF7F0BFF5BFDEC" bold="true" box="[196,252,578,599]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C613A7F0BFE0EFDEC" author="Holttum" box="[273,425,578,599]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="223 - 226" part="36" refId="ref109931" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1981. The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae). Kew Bull. 36: 223 - 226." title="The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="1981">Holttum (1981)</bibRefCitation> +opined that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C62037F0BFD2CFDEC" ID-CoL="69N5" box="[552,651,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C62037F0BFD2CFDEC" box="[552,651,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C63897F08FBBCFDED" ID-CoL="TBJ" box="[930,1051,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C63897F08FBBCFDED" box="[930,1051,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in our analysis (Fawcett et al. in press), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C61757F28FE72FDCD" ID-CoL="TBJ" box="[350,469,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61757F28FE72FDCD" box="[350,469,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +falls within the amauropeltoid clade, which is sister to all cyclosoroid genera plus +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60527FCBFF46FD2C" box="[121,225,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60527FCBFF79FD2C" ID-CoL="69N5" box="[121,222,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Oreopteris</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +Both morphological and molecular evidence suggest that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C633F7FCBFCD2FD2C" ID-CoL="69N5" box="[788,885,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C633F7FCBFCD2FD2C" box="[788,885,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is nearly as evolutionarily isolated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60527FE8FF46FD0D" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[121,225,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60527FE8FF46FD0D" box="[121,225,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAE9B0C60CE7FEBFEA7FD0C" box="[229,256,674,695]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60CE7FEBFF5DFD0C" box="[229,250,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, and neither genus is closely related to any element in the diverse cyclosoroid or amauropeltoid clades. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B0C60837F8BFEA1FD4C" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C60837F8BFEA1FD4C" blockId="71.[121,1250,161,759]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60837F8BFEF0FD6C" box="[168,343,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C615E7F8BFCBEFD6C" authority="(Hook. & Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook. & Baker" box="[373,793,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C615E7F8BFDBEFD6D" box="[373,537,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Oreopteris elwesii</emphasis> +(Hook. & Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C63067F8BFB9EFD6C" authority="(All.) Holub" authorityName="Holub" baseAuthorityName="All." box="[813,1081,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbosperma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C63067F8BFC18FD6D" box="[813,959,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">O. limbosperma</emphasis> +(All.) Holub +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C64677F8BFEA1FD4C" authority="(Christ) Holub" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quelpartensis" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C64677F8BFB46FD6D" box="[1100,1249,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">O. quelpartensis</emphasis> +(Christ) Holub +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fa2b7a732ec --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +<document id="EF63F29D8C92F41D97949C6D19E441C6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Metathelypteris adscendens Ching" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="F3A0992BDAEBFDAB0BC7B9AD041A7A5A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="B738C65790EB837DE6CC84B9E03696FD"> +<mods:title id="078FF435F2E835C9BF30E09808413366">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="5058705EEBDE1699650A0CC191DD80AE" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="F881B56AC553372AEA4B9D67A8C2549D"> +<mods:roleTerm id="182E84B58FB783B505BB25D088A02337">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="4DB2DB52861D2529B4E24348FC4836A1">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="75D49E448050C36AA32B4C585467309A" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="91DD8353169FDE0886EEE53F1C29401F"> +<mods:roleTerm id="34374D1E72F2849F573F1FF56E927CFA">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6295EA3EEAF9F33EF7A49B17B3648A4C">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="FAEC689B677DFA80B914488EB6DAF857">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="4EC7F73E4D3DA64CD9E621E4839DDD17"> +<mods:dateIssued id="D69F624F13CC495C0084157922ACC274">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="955E8E0BF759EEF78718E51E6922580C">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="022776CB3A653787508883C548154DF7"> +<mods:placeTerm id="150A25803CC3CFFDC95BBD4CA6F55CEC">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="6146D9354568071FA988988DAD28C7BB">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E608378A8FBF5F9CC" blockId="69.[121,1251,161,1655]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E608378A8FEF9FA4C" box="[168,350,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Constituent species.</emphasis> +—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E615578A8FCB5FA4C" ID-CoL="42DWN" authority="(Ching) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[382,786,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adscendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E615578A8FDDBFA4D" box="[382,636,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris adscendens</emphasis> +(Ching) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E633078ABFB9AFA4C" authority="N. R. Crouch" authorityName="N. R. Crouch" box="[795,1085,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burrowsiorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E633078ABFC1AFA4D" box="[795,957,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. burrowsiorum</emphasis> +N.R. Crouch +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E646D78ABFE90F9AC" authority="(Fraser-Jenk.) Ranil" authorityName="Ranil" baseAuthorityName="Fraser-Jenk." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dassanayakei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E646D78ABFB47FA4D" box="[1094,1248,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. dassanayakei</emphasis> +(Fraser-Jenk.) Ranil +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61617B4BFD95F9AC" authority="(Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[330,562,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dayi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61617B4BFE37F9AD" box="[330,400,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. dayi</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62117B4BFCC8F9AC" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[570,879,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62117B4BFD0BF9AD" box="[570,684,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M.decipiens</emphasis> +(C.B. Clarke) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E63A97B4BFBDCF9AC" authority="(Blume) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[898,1147,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaccida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E63A97B4BFC40F9AD" box="[898,999,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. flaccida</emphasis> +(Blume) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E64AF7B4BFEBDF98C" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E64AF7B4BFB46F9AD" box="[1156,1249,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. fragilis</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61127B6BFD30F98C" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing" authorityName="K. H. Shing" box="[313,663,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61127B6BFE61F98D" box="[313,454,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. glandulifera</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E628A7B6BFC85F98D" box="[673,802,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E628A7B6BFC85F98D" box="[673,802,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. glandulosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(H. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAC9B0E636C7B6BFCFCF98C" box="[839,859,1570,1591]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode> +. Zhou & H. Li; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E642B7B6BFF1FF9EC" authority="(Blume) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Blume" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E642B7B6BFB2AF98D" box="[1024,1165,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. gracilescens</emphasis> +(Blume) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60FE7B0BFE94F9ED" box="[213,307,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAC9B0E60FE7B0BFF4CF9EC" box="[213,235,1602,1623]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode> +. hattori +</emphasis> +(H. Ito) Ching; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61FD7B0BFCA3F9EC" authority="(Franch. & Sav.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Franch. & Sav." box="[470,772,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61FD7B0BFDBAF9ED" box="[470,541,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. laxa</emphasis> +(Franch. & Sav.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E63257B0BFBFBF9EC" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing" authorityName="K. H. Shing" box="[782,1116,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petiolulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E63257B0BFC29F9ED" box="[782,910,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. petiolulata</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E64517B0BFEE7F9CC" authority="(Baker) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singalanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E64517B0BFF14F9CC" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. singalanensis</emphasis> +(Baker) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61787B2BFDCCF9CC" authority="(Rosenst.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[339,619,1634,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uraiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61787B2BFE64F9CC" box="[339,451,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M.uraiensis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E625F7B2BFCD3F9CC" authority="Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." box="[628,884,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vandervekenii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E625F7B2BFCB6F9CD" box="[628,785,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. vandervekenii</emphasis> +Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E63507B2BFBF5F9CC" authority="Ching." box="[891,1106,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wuyishanica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E63507B2BFBACF9CD" box="[891,1035,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. wuyishanica</emphasis> +Ching. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0E62267B76FD94FA6D.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0E62267B76FD94FA6D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..97b49562c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0E62267B76FD94FA6D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,363 @@ +<document id="28765F0059372AC6DB3D5A0DBAE48973" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAD9B0E62267B76FD94FA6D" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Metathelypteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="5A71254FF7C73C56B1C3FF3B3AF37189" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="218511382F4CD950B7D22C481C60CA43"> +<mods:title id="6EFA856F316CD40255E06D45C2C93C8C">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="A71619A479403EE72A09790C2AD67402" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="84472EAED1C51B84A2789948A4A778EA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5ED48F0B02BED583707B0380CCEF1012">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="49E46A60F79ACB2B4F16815DFF800A5F">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="0CCC73CF543D5FA3523B93B1622B1D12" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="1DEF4C2F53A876AFB61770E3D3313316"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6AB3AA9A7CE7C4CEEFFFDCD67AA826D2">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="E646E6CE32CC11D794F1DD6B7AA17B58">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="8F43A2556346679983C0BC283DDFFAF5">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="DA604E7AA373290FA3559ABB316A1866"> +<mods:dateIssued id="36C83676D5AF3A1A6FA81D4D496D8F4B">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="AEC686590F44B2F9823F52E58DFE078E">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="7DCD80A6D37615CC3D78115710E06EDD"> +<mods:placeTerm id="D330B5A1E2189FEDC3DE6F6E1956526F">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="DEE898B7C7E51BED6F44E55A0788C2AD">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFAD9B0E62267B76FD94FA6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFAD9B0E62267B76FD94FA6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFAD9B0E62267B76FD94FA6D" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F62267B76FCBBF9E2" box="[525,796,1599,1625]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F62267B76FCBBF9E2" blockId="68.[97,1227,1599,1687]" box="[525,796,1599,1625]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFAD9B0F62267B76FCBBF9E2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[525,796,1599,1625]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62267B76FCBBF9E2" ID-CoL="5QNW" box="[525,796,1599,1625]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62267B76FCBBF9E2" bold="true" box="[525,796,1599,1625]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">METATHELYPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F604A7B21FB2AF9C7" box="[97,1165,1640,1661]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F604A7B21FB2AF9C7" blockId="68.[97,1227,1599,1687]" box="[97,1165,1640,1661]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAD9B0F604A7B21FD63F9C6" author="Ching" box="[97,708,1640,1661]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="304" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F604A7B21FDF7F9C6" ID-CoL="5QNW" authority="(H. Ito) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." authorityName="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." baseAuthorityName="H. Ito" box="[97,592,1640,1661]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F604A7B21FEA5F9C6" bold="true" box="[97,258,1640,1661]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +(H. Ito) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. +</taxonomicName> +8:304. 1963 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62F27B23FC5DF9C0" ID-CoL="8H89" authority="H. Ito" authorityName="H. Ito" box="[729,1018,1642,1659]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Metathelypteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62F27B23FC8BF9C0" box="[729,812,1642,1659]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F637C7B23FC6DF9C0" box="[855,970,1642,1659]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +H. Ito +</taxonomicName> +, in Nakai & Honda +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F64A67B22FD79F92C" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F64A67B22FD79F92C" blockId="68.[97,1227,1599,1687]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAD9B0F648B7B22FB60F9C7" box="[1184,1223,1643,1660]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F608A7BCCFE4FF92C" ID-CoL="42DWY" authority="(Blume) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[161,488,1669,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F608A7BCCFED4F92D" box="[161,371,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Metathelypteris gracilescens</emphasis> +(Blume) Ching +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F61D57BCCFD7EF92C" ID-CoL="HFYW" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[510,729,1669,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61D57BCCFD03F92D" box="[510,676,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Aspidium gracilescens</emphasis> +Blume +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F60AA7BE2FE7FF907" box="[129,472,1707,1724]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F60AA7BE2FE7FF907" blockId="68.[129,472,1707,1724]" box="[129,472,1707,1724]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +For additional synonymy see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAD9B0F61767BE2FE73F907" author="Lin" box="[349,468,1707,1724]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="68" pageNumber="58" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al.(2013)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F604A7B98FB9FF95C" box="[97,1080,1745,1767]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F604A7B98FB9FF95C" blockId="68.[97,1226,1745,1831]" box="[97,1080,1745,1767]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F604A7B98FF6EF95D" box="[97,201,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61287B9BFE97F95C" box="[259,304,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">meta</emphasis> +, near, close to + +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F61E77B98FD94F95D" box="[460,563,1745,1766]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61E77B98FD94F95D" box="[460,563,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. This genus is a distinct from, but close to, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F63E07B98FB95F95D" box="[971,1074,1745,1766]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63E07B98FB95F95D" box="[971,1074,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0E60BA7BBBFCA2FD2C" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0E60BA7BBBFCA2FD2C" blockId="68.[97,1226,1745,1831]" lastBlockId="69.[121,1251,161,1655]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized, usually +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAD9B0F625E7BBBFD47F8BC" box="[629,736,1778,1799]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="67.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="35.0">35–100 cm</quantity> +tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63397BBBFCD7F8BC" bold="true" box="[786,880,1778,1799]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping to suberect or erect, often with tufted fronds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61667A5BFE37F89C" bold="true" box="[333,400,1810,1831]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, arching to erect, pinnate-pinnatifid to barely bipinnate and with adnate pinnules (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E612A7DEBFEC2FF0D" box="[257,357,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaccida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E612A7DEBFEC2FF0D" box="[257,357,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. flaccida</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E615C7DEBFE15FF0C" bold="true" box="[375,434,162,183]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">stipes</emphasis> +green when living, stramineous or reddish-flushed with age, scaly only at bases, scales tan to brown, mostly +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAC9B0E616A7D8BFE28FF6C" box="[321,399,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity> +long, lanceolate, bearing short acicular hairs on margins and on surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E646F7D88FB21FF6D" bold="true" box="[1092,1158,193,214]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, ovate-deltate to lanceolate, proximal pinnae not or only slightly reduced, apices confluent, gradually tapering; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E611D7C4BFEDBFEAC" bold="true" box="[310,380,258,279]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">pinnae</emphasis> +opposite or subopposite, often becoming alternate distally, sessile, usually deeply lobed to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAC9B0E60B37C6BFF76FE8C" box="[152,209,290,311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +from costae; rachises hairy to sometimes glabrescent, lacking vegetative buds, with acicular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E64567C6BFB15FE8C" bold="true" box="[1149,1202,290,311]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">veins</emphasis> +free, simple ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60EE7C0BFEE8FEED" box="[197,335,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60EE7C0BFEE8FEED" box="[197,335,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. gracilescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or often forked in ultimate segments, with thickened ends (seen adaxially) ending short of segment margins; costae adaxially prominent, not grooved; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E628A7C28FCB4FECD" bold="true" box="[673,787,353,374]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">aerophores</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E634E7C2BFB8AFECC" bold="true" box="[869,1069,354,375]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">indument abaxially</emphasis> +on axes (rachises, costae, costules, and veins) and sometimes on laminar tissue of acicular, unicellular hairs and/or stipitate glands, lacking spherical or hemispherical glands and scales; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62627CEBFCA9FE0C" bold="true" box="[585,782,418,439]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">indument adaxially</emphasis> +generally lacking, except along rachis and costae, but if present hairlike (uniseriate); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61EA7C8BFE4EFE6C" bold="true" box="[449,489,450,471]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">sori</emphasis> +round, often near tips of veins, and on acroscopic branch of forked veins, indusiate, indusia round-reniform, thin, glabrous or with short setulae and/or stipitate glands on margins and sometimes on surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60F87F4BFE9FFDAC" bold="true" box="[211,312,514,535]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">sporangia</emphasis> +short-stalked, glabrous or sometimes bearing hairs of several cells on stalks, lacking glands and hairs on sporangial capsules; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61A47F68FE76FD8D" bold="true" box="[399,465,545,566]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">spores</emphasis> +dark brown, with irregular, variously anastomosing ridges; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E642C7F6BFBB5FD8C" box="[1031,1042,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">x</emphasis> += 31 ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E64627F6BFB10FD8C" box="[1097,1207,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uraiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E64627F6BFB10FD8C" box="[1097,1207,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M.uraiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), 34 ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60AA7F0BFEACFDED" box="[129,267,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60AA7F0BFEACFDED" box="[129,267,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. gracilescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), 35 ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E616F7F0BFE2DFDED" box="[324,394,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dayi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E616F7F0BFE2DFDED" box="[324,394,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. dayi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61BD7F0BFE5BFDED" box="[406,508,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaccida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61BD7F0BFE5BFDED" box="[406,508,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. flaccida</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62237F0BFD39FDED" box="[520,670,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="singalanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62237F0BFD39FDED" box="[520,670,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. singalanensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and 36 ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E63297F0BFCEFFDED" box="[770,840,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E63297F0BFCEFFDED" box="[770,840,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. laxa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) (6 spp. counted), both diploids and tetraploids known. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAC9B0E612D7F2BFEB1FDCC" box="[262,278,610,631]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +base number of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E619B7F2BFE1CFDCC" box="[432,443,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">x</emphasis> += 35 is the predominant report (three species), and other base numbers need verification, as there are several cases of conflicting reports within a species. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E60827FEBFC83FC0C" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E60827FEBFC83FC0C" blockId="69.[121,1251,161,1655]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60827FEBFE16FD0D" box="[169,433,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E610A7FE8FE16FD0D" box="[289,433,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metathelypteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E621B7FE8FD00FD0D" box="[560,679,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E621B7FE8FD00FD0D" box="[560,679,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(which see for additional discussion) and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E64697FE8FB61FD0D" box="[1090,1222,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E64697FE8FB61FD0D" box="[1090,1222,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the costae and rachis lacking adaxial grooves, veins not reaching the segment margins (viewed adaxially), laminae truncate with proximal pinnae not greatly reduced (a characteristic shared with most members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E642F7FA8FB21FD4D" box="[1028,1158,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E642F7FA8FB21FD4D" box="[1028,1158,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E64E87FABFB69FD4C" box="[1219,1230,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">x</emphasis> += usually 35 (vs. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61237E4BFEB4FCAC" box="[264,275,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">x</emphasis> += 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, rarely 35). There are also similarities with some species in the phegopteroid clade ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60AA7E68FF4DFC8D" box="[129,234,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60AA7E68FF4DFC8D" box="[129,234,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60DD7E68FE36FC8D" box="[246,401,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60DD7E68FE36FC8D" box="[246,401,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61B57E68FDE0FC8D" box="[414,583,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61B57E68FDE0FC8D" box="[414,583,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which mostly lack or have relatively small indusia (as sometimes in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60527E08FEB4FCED" box="[121,275,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60527E08FEB4FCED" box="[121,275,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), generally have larger, more broadly deltate, and more divided blades, and have different chromosome base numbers ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61257E2BFEBEFCCC" box="[270,281,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">x</emphasis> += 30, or 31, vs. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61987E2BFE19FCCC" box="[435,446,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">x</emphasis> += usually 34 or +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAC9B0E62767E2BFD28FCCC" box="[605,655,866,887]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" unit="in" value="35.0">35 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62BE7E28FC83FCCD" box="[661,804,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62BE7E28FC83FCCD" box="[661,804,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E631B7E28FC67FCCD" box="[816,960,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E631B7E28FC67FCCD" box="[816,960,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +shares with the phegopteroid genera the characteristics of often-forked veins that end before reaching the margin, the costae and main rachis adaxially lacking grooves, and generally the lack of reduced proximal pinnae. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E60827E88FCDEFBCC" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E60827E88FCDEFBCC" blockId="69.[121,1251,161,1655]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60827E88FDE5FC6D" box="[169,578,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61987E88FDE5FC6D" box="[435,578,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metathelypteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises ca. 17 species, distributed from Bioko and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E646C7E8BFB02FC6C" box="[1095,1189,962,983]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">São Tomé</collectingCountry> +(both having endemic species), tropical Africa and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E62187EABFD08FC4C" box="[563,687,994,1015]" name="South Africa" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E62977EABFCEEFC4C" author="Holttum" box="[700,841,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E63787EABFBB2FC4C" author="Pichi Sermolli" box="[851,1045,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Pichi Sermolli" journalOrPublisher="I. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg." pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="177 - 284" part="53" refId="ref112883" refString="PICHI SERMOLLI, R. E. G. 1983. A contribution to the knowledge of the Pteridophyta of Rwanda, Burundi, and Kivu (Zaire). I. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 53: 177 - 284." title="A contribution to the knowledge of the Pteridophyta of Rwanda, Burundi, and Kivu (Zaire)" type="journal article" year="1983">Pichi Sermolli 1983</bibRefCitation> +) and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E64657EABFB64FC4C" box="[1102,1219,994,1015]" name="Madagascar" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +, to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E6052794BFF09FBAC" box="[121,174,1026,1047]" name="India" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">India</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E609E794BFEB4FBAC" box="[181,275,1026,1047]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E6130794BFEFEFBAC" box="[283,345,1026,1047]" name="China" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">China</collectingCountry> +, continental southeast Asia, southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E62EA794BFD5EFBAC" box="[705,761,1026,1047]" name="Japan" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Japan</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E6301794BFCD1FBAC" box="[810,886,1026,1047]" name="Malaysia" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, east to the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E63C9794BFB24FBAC" box="[994,1155,1026,1047]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +. It is most diverse in continental Asia, while seemingly absent from most of Melanesia, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E63AE796BFC44FB8C" box="[901,995,1058,1079]" name="Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Australia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFAC9B0E63C5796BFBD1FB8C" box="[1006,1142,1058,1079]" name="New Zealand" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +, and all of Polynesia. Species occur in middle elevation forests, from ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAC9B0E62FE790BFCC6FBEC" box="[725,865,1090,1111]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–2000 m</quantity> +, often on steep earthy slopes or among rocks, occasionally in somewhat open places ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E6205792BFD34FBCD" box="[558,659,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaccida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E6205792BFD34FBCD" box="[558,659,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. flaccida</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), especially along trails. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAC9B0E608279CBFD94FA6D" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E608279CBFCCBFAEC" blockId="69.[121,1251,161,1655]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E608279CBFE53FB2D" box="[169,500,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E622679CBFD2CFB2C" author="Ching" box="[525,651,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +first recognized +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E630379C8FC1FFB2D" box="[808,952,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E630379C8FC1FFB2D" box="[808,952,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a genus, and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E646679CBFB46FB2C" author="Holttum" box="[1101,1249,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +adopted a similar circumscription. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E61E779EBFDC1FB0C" author="Holttum" box="[460,614,1186,1207]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1976a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E624479EBFD38FB0C" author="Holttum" box="[623,671,1186,1207]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) later expressed belief that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E638279E8FB9EFB0D" box="[937,1081,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E638279E8FB9EFB0D" box="[937,1081,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60F07988FEDFFB6D" box="[219,376,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60F07988FEDFFB6D" box="[219,376,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and especially +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62257988FD1FFB6D" box="[526,696,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62257988FD1FFB6D" box="[526,696,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, agreeing with these genera in having free, often forking veins that end before reaching the segment margins and costae lacking adaxial grooves. Despite these morphological similarities, molecular evidence suggests that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62057848FD19FAAD" box="[558,702,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62057848FD19FAAD" box="[558,702,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is sister to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E630C7848FC1AFAAD" box="[807,957,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E630C7848FC39FAAD" box="[807,926,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Amauropelta</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAC9B0E63897848FC1AFAAD" box="[930,957,1281,1302]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +(including +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E64027848FB73FAAC" box="[1065,1236,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E64027848FB13FAAD" box="[1065,1204,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Parathelypteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAC9B0E6492784BFB73FAAC" box="[1209,1236,1282,1303]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +), with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60877868FE95FA8D" box="[172,306,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60877868FE95FA8D" box="[172,306,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61A67868FDB9FA8D" box="[397,542,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61A67868FDB9FA8D" box="[397,542,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> ++ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E621C7868FD08FA8D" box="[567,687,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E621C7868FD08FA8D" box="[567,687,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E6297786BFCD5FA8C" author="He & Zhang" box="[700,882,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E6357786BFB9DFA8C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[892,1082,1313,1335]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press), and not ancestral to the phegopteroid clade, as +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAC9B0E625D780BFCB2FAEC" author="Holttum" box="[630,789,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1976a)</bibRefCitation> +thought. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAC9B0E6082782BFD94FA6D" blockId="69.[121,1251,161,1655]" pageId="69" pageNumber="59"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E6082782BFF7BFACC" box="[169,220,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Notes</emphasis> +.—Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017) recently synonymized +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62F1782BFB05FACD" authority="Ching ex W. M. Chu & S. G. Lu" authorityName="W. M. Chu & S. G. Lu" box="[730,1186,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoideofrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62F1782BFCDFFACD" box="[730,888,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. deltoideofrons</emphasis> +Ching ex W.M. Chu & S.G. Lu +</taxonomicName> +under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E605278CBFF4EFA2D" box="[121,233,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E605278CBFF4EFA2D" box="[121,233,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M.decipiens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E60D878CBFDE1FA2C" authority="Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi" authorityName="Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi" box="[243,582,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krameri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E60D878CBFEFDFA2D" box="[243,346,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M.krameri</emphasis> +Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi +</taxonomicName> +under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E62AC78CBFD4BFA2D" box="[647,748,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaccida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E62AC78CBFD4BFA2D" box="[647,748,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M.flaccida</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E633478CBFB8CFA2D" authority="Ching & S. K. Wu" authorityName="Ching & S. K. Wu" box="[799,1067,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E633478CBFCD8FA2D" box="[799,895,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M. tibetica</emphasis> +Ching & S.K. Wu +</taxonomicName> +under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E644778CBFB7DFA2C" box="[1132,1242,1410,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uraiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E644778CBFB7DFA2C" box="[1132,1242,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">M.uraiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. We have seen scant material of these heterotypic synonyms, but tentatively accept their conclusions, pending a muchneeded modern monograph of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAC9B0E61B57888FD8AFA6D" box="[414,557,1473,1494]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="69" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAC9B0E61B57888FD8AFA6D" box="[414,557,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="59">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A782BFEE6FA17.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A782BFEE6FA17.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bf49c56c090 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A782BFEE6FA17.xml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +<document id="540D2B014C7C420E912C01E0EC4869DB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A782BFEE6FA17" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Mesopteris pseudostenobasis S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." box="[106,630,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudostenobasis" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F6041782BFE32FACC" bold="true" box="[106,405,1378,1399]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Mesopteris pseudostenobasis</emphasis> +S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62547828FD4CFACD" bold="true" box="[639,747,1377,1398]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAD9B0F62547828FD4CFACD" box="[639,747,1377,1398]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F62C0782CFEE6FA17" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F62C0782CFEE6FA17" blockId="68.[97,1227,1100,1452]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAD9B0F62D5782CFF61FA2A" author="Copel." journal="J. Arnold Arbor." page="176" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" score="9.270020995939838" volume="10" year="1929"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62D5782CFB36FACC" authority="Copel., J. Arnold Arbor." authorityName="Copel., J. Arnold Arbor." box="[766,1169,1381,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudostenobasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62D5782CFC72FACD" box="[766,981,1381,1398]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Dryopteris pseudostenobasis</emphasis> +Copel., J. Arnold Arbor. +</taxonomicName> +10:176. 1929 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F60F778C9FDC1FA2A" ID-CoL="8R6XQ" authority="(Copel.) C. W. Chen" authorityName="C. W. Chen" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[220,614,1408,1425]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudostenobasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F60F778C9FE68FA2A" box="[220,463,1408,1425]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amblovenatum pseudostenobasis</emphasis> +(Copel.) C.W.Chen +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F625078C9FC4DFA2A" ID-CoL="8R6YP" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[635,1002,1408,1425]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudostenobasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F625078C9FCC3FA2A" box="[635,868,1408,1425]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amphineuron pseudostenobasis</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F63D678C9FEE6FA17" ID-CoL="8RFKM" authority="(Copel.) C. F. Reed" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudostenobasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F63D678C9FF13FA10" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Thelypteris pseudostenobasis</emphasis> +(Copel.) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A7862FB05FAE7.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A7862FB05FAE7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fda1184de70 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A7862FB05FAE7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<document id="EADF9DC5FB14FF57F9C1566A5C20C3AE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A7862FB05FAE7" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Mesopteris paraphysophora S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Parris" authorityName="Parris" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[410,783,1354,1372]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraphysophorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F61B17803FD33FAE0" box="[410,660,1354,1371]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amblovenatum paraphysophorum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Parris +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F63087803FB05FAE7" ID-CoL="8R6YN" authority="(Alderw.) 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F626D78ABFB8AFA4C" authority="(Alderw.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[582,1069,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraphysophora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F626D78ABFD50FA4D" box="[582,759,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">M. paraphysophora</emphasis> +(Alderw.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F641E78ABFEC1F9AC" ID-CoL="8RFKM" authority="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A793BFED6FB00.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A793BFED6FB00.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1a517ef4fe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A793BFED6FB00.xml @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +<document id="13B81529098756684A31160DC82111BB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAD9B0F604A793BFED6FB00" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Mesopteris attenuata S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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(1801).— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F62C479D9FB9CFB1A" ID-CoL="8R6YJ" authority="(Kuntze) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kuntze" box="[751,1083,1168,1185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62C479D9FC0AFB1B" box="[751,941,1168,1185]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amphineuron attenuatum</emphasis> +(Kuntze) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F646579D9FED6FB00" ID-CoL="8RFBP" authority="(Kuntze) C. V. Morton" authorityName="C. V. 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F62A979BEFD48FAB7" bold="true" box="[642,751,1271,1292]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAD9B0F62A979BEFD48FAB7" box="[642,751,1271,1292]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAD9B0F62C479B2FE73FA9C" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAD9B0F62C479B2FE73FA9C" blockId="68.[97,1227,1100,1452]" pageId="68" pageNumber="58"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFAD9B0F632979B2FB14FAB7" author="C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark." box="[770,1203,1274,1292]" journal="Dansk Bot. Ark." page="64" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" score="1.330218048582724" volume="9" year="1937"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F632979B2FBC6FAB7" authority="C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark." authorityName="C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark." box="[770,1121,1274,1292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kiauensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F632979B2FC39FAB0" box="[770,926,1274,1291]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Dryopteris kiauensis</emphasis> +C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. +</taxonomicName> +9:64. 1937 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAD9B0F608A785CFE73FA9C" ID-CoL="8R6YL" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[161,468,1301,1319]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kiauense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAD9B0F608A785CFEEEFA9D" box="[161,329,1301,1318]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="58">Amphineuron kiauense</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAE9B0362567E56FDFEFD4D.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAE9B0362567E56FDFEFD4D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a77181c14b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFAE9B0362567E56FDFEFD4D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +<document id="52C85E722E078E6DBE5FD52F68EA18F3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFAE9B0362567E56FDFEFD4D" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pakau" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="443F1C22ED0F0A9E22F243309B8A61FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="6D23A7DFC8C0D34ACD52FEA1372E882B"> +<mods:title id="9148BFFB72E8B549423EC3FC819D300E">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="CFA9D700985016186E54033FDAA12670" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="4A18D4019F888BA5B01EF72AA95BE59B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="78CCE93A82D4754CE53D2C0B650C6B0E">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="72C262CFCAF1BC6D11BF5B9D0A4F40C1">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="D24FF0CAD8EA86493B1AF89CB9EB3438" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="C34478B09D276C121A5FA220F2B274F2"> +<mods:roleTerm id="3685EC469268C1525B84FBE6D423BB04">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2CFAFC66536B8C1139F7160E1BBDA5E1">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="8A36BFF26A5915756CD0A4031B35BA9B">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="E539904C093F64AD7F3FBF89BA03482E"> +<mods:dateIssued id="5C2C6DE7333D8967E42EDA21B0F8FF97">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="860738C77E20562E4E1CCC5092CC3CC1">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="3B60EA13FC8F0E5916AAA774E0D8D49C"> +<mods:placeTerm id="15FDC50D11139687CB720C215F72BBDA">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="34CA2709E28CE9B7480A4C4B19940124">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFAE9B0362567E56FDFEFD4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFAE9B0362567E56FDFEFD4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFAE9B0362567E56FDFEFD4D" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B0C62567E56FD7AFC82" box="[637,733,799,825]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C62567E56FD7AFC82" blockId="71.[121,1251,799,887]" box="[637,733,799,825]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFAE9B0C62567E56FD7AFC82" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[637,733,799,825]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C62567E56FD7AFC82" ID-CoL="8RV2Y" box="[637,733,799,825]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C62567E56FD7AFC82" bold="true" box="[637,733,799,825]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">PAKAU</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B0C60527E0EFE4BFCE7" box="[121,492,839,861]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C60527E0EFE4BFCE7" blockId="71.[121,1251,799,887]" box="[121,492,839,861]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60527E0EFE28FCE6" authority="S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." box="[121,399,839,861]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60527E0EFF1DFCE7" bold="true" box="[121,186,839,860]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pakau</emphasis> +S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61BE7E0EFE4BFCE7" bold="true" box="[405,492,839,860]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFAE9B0C61BE7E0EFE4BFCE7" box="[405,492,839,860]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B0C61C77E02FECFFCCC" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C61C77E02FECFFCCC" blockId="71.[121,1251,799,887]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFAE9B0C61D57E02FDBAFCE0" box="[510,541,843,859]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFAE9B0C61D57E02FDBAFCE0" box="[510,541,843,859]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C620E7E03FC3EFCE7" authority="(G. Forst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[549,921,842,860]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C620E7E03FD06FCE0" box="[549,673,842,859]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pakau pennigera</emphasis> +(G.Forst.) S.E. Fawc.& A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C63857E03FEBBFCCC" authority="G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigerum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C63857E03FBC6FCE0" box="[942,1121,842,859]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Polypodium pennigerum</emphasis> +G. Forst., Fl.Ins. Austr.Prodr. +</taxonomicName> +82.1786.] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B0C60B27EC2FDF4FC27" box="[153,595,907,924]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C60B27EC2FDF4FC27" blockId="71.[153,595,907,924]" box="[153,595,907,924]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +For complete species synonymy see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C618C7EC2FDF7FC27" author="Brownsey" box="[423,592,907,924]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brownsey" journalOrPublisher="Bot." pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="431 - 489" part="23" refId="ref106879" refString="BROWNSEY, P. J., D. R. GIVEN, & J. D. LOVIS. 1985. A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species. New Zealand J. Bot. 23: 431 - 489." title="A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species. New Zealand J" type="journal article" year="1985">Brownsey et al.(1985)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B0C60527EF8FB9DFC5C" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C60527EF8FB9DFC5C" blockId="71.[121,1250,945,1799]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60527EF8FF7DFC7D" box="[121,218,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Etymology</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60DC7EFBFE92FC7C" box="[247,309,946,967]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pākau</taxonomicName> +, or pākauroharoha, is the common name for this fern in the Māori language. The word may also refer to wing (Moorfield 2019), similar to the dual meanings of the Greek word +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C634E7E9BFC3DFC5C" box="[869,922,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">pteris</emphasis> +(fern or feather). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B0C608C7EBBFD78FA5C" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B0C608C7EBBFD78FA5C" blockId="71.[121,1250,945,1799]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +Plants large and terrestrial, from <0.5 m to> 2.5 m in height; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C62C07EBBFCEEFBBC" bold="true" box="[747,841,1010,1031]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">rhizomes</emphasis> +sometimes forming massive erect caudices to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAE9B0C60BA795BFF10FB9C" box="[145,183,1042,1063]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity> +tall, or decumbent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C615C795BFE1DFB9C" bold="true" box="[375,442,1042,1063]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid, arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C6348795BFC39FB9C" bold="true" box="[867,926,1042,1063]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">stipes</emphasis> +light brown, with brown ovate to lanceolate glabrous scales on stipe bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61D57978FDE7FBFD" bold="true" box="[510,576,1073,1094]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, drying dull green, ovate to lanceolate; two to five pairs of proximal pinnae gradually reduced, the lowest 1–4(–6) cm long (never rudimentary or glanduliform); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C6091793BFEA7FB3C" bold="true" box="[186,256,1138,1159]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">pinnae</emphasis> +opposite or subopposite ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAE9B0C61D1793BFD99FB3D" box="[506,574,1137,1159]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61D1793BFD99FB3D" bold="true" box="[506,574,1137,1159]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Fig. 7F</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), even towards blade apex, grooved adaxially, (10–)15–30 pairs, lobes oblique, rounded with crenulate margins, incised halfway or a little more to costae, proximal pinnae frequently auricled, with acroscopic auricles often secondarily lobed; costules +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAE9B0C62C979FBFC93FB7C" box="[738,820,1202,1223]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity> +apart; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C635379FBFC0AFB7C" bold="true" box="[888,941,1202,1223]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">veins</emphasis> +commonly about 6–9 pairs per segment, prominent both adaxially and abaxially, generally with one pair anastomosing below cartilaginous sinuses (sometimes forming a whitish, protruding apophysis to 0.5 mm long abaxially), and a second vein pair running to the sinus; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C609E7858FE81FA9D" bold="true" box="[181,294,1297,1318]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">aerophores</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C6159785BFD90FA9C" bold="true" box="[370,567,1298,1319]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of brown, often lustrous, ovate to deltate scales (to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFAE9B0C643F785BFBEBFA9C" box="[1044,1100,1298,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +wide and about as long) along rachis and costae ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAE9B0C619D787BFE5DFAFD" box="[438,506,1329,1351]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C619D787BFE5DFAFD" bold="true" box="[438,506,1329,1351]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Fig. 7E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), hairs sparse and short, unicellular, acicular or capitate on costae, or lacking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C6052781BFEE6FADC" bold="true" box="[121,321,1362,1383]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of arching reddish brown hairs on rachis and costae, the hairs directed toward pinna and blade tips, short sparse capitate or acicular hairs present on costae, generally lacking on secondary veins and laminae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C64B47838FF32FA1D" bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60CF78DBFEABFA1C" bold="true" box="[228,268,1426,1447]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">sori</emphasis> +inframedial, exindusiate, the basal pair or two on each segment (larger fronds) often oval, to twice as long as wide ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFAE9B0C60D078FBFE98FA7D" box="[251,319,1457,1479]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60D078FBFE98FA7D" bold="true" box="[251,319,1457,1479]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Fig. 7E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C617978FBFE10FA7C" bold="true" box="[338,439,1458,1479]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">sporangia</emphasis> +unadorned, each with a short stalk ca. 1/4–1/2 the capsule length; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C640478F8FBD6FA7D" bold="true" box="[1071,1137,1457,1478]" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">spores</emphasis> +black, with small, irregular wings; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C617E789BFEC7FA5C" box="[341,352,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">x</emphasis> += +<geoCoordinate id="EE2A5027FFAE9B0C615E789BFE08FA5C" box="[373,431,1490,1511]" degrees="36, 2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" precision="5555" value="36.2"> +36, 2 +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C6188789BFE08FA5C" box="[419,431,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis> +</geoCoordinate> += 144 (only tetraploids known). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFAE9B03608278BBFD5FFF6C" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFAE9B03608278BBFD5FFF6C" blockId="71.[121,1250,945,1799]" lastBlockId="72.[97,1226,162,759]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="71" pageNumber="61"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C608278BBFEA3F9BC" box="[169,260,1522,1543]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C610978B8FEFBF9BD" box="[290,348,1521,1542]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C610978B8FEFBF9BD" box="[290,348,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be easily distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C629A78B8FCAAF9BD" box="[689,781,1521,1542]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C629A78B8FCAAF9BD" box="[689,781,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C631578B8FC7BF9BD" box="[830,988,1521,1542]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C631578B8FC7BF9BD" box="[830,988,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by its essentially glabrous laminae, and from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C61187B58FDA1F99C" box="[307,518,1553,1575]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61187B58FDA1F99C" box="[307,518,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Cyclosorus interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by its erect or decumbent rhizomes (vs. long-creeping). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C64067B58FBC0F99D" box="[1069,1127,1553,1574]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C64067B58FBC0F99D" box="[1069,1127,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from other segregates of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C61067B7BFE19F9FC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[301,446,1586,1607]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61067B7BFE19F9FC" box="[301,446,1586,1607]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having persistent ovate to deltate scales on the abaxial costae, lack of aerophores at pinna bases, non-pustular laminae, laminae with proximal pinnae gradually reduced but lacking rudimentary pinnae, and black spores.Another distinctive feature of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C62137B38FDD5F93D" box="[568,626,1649,1670]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C62137B38FDD5F93D" box="[568,626,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is its opposite pinnae; although some other +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C64207B3BFB17F93C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1035,1200,1650,1671]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +have opposite or subopposite proximal pinnae, these usually transition to an alternate arrangement towards the frond apex. The lobing of the acroscopic auricles on the pinna bases is also characteristic and unusual within the family (but see +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C60527B98FE95F95C" box="[121,306,1745,1767]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C60527B98FE95F95C" box="[121,306,1745,1767]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pelazoneuron patens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and some +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C61B17B98FD85F95C" box="[410,546,1745,1767]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61B17B98FE52F95D" box="[410,501,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Christella</emphasis> +spp. +</taxonomicName> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFAE9B0C62047B9BFD79F95C" author="Holttum" box="[559,734,1746,1767]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" page="43" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971:43)</bibRefCitation> +thought +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C63197B9BFB87F95C" box="[818,1056,1746,1767]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C63197B9BFB87F95C" box="[818,1056,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pneumatopteris pennigera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was possibly related to a species that we here treat as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C61837BBBFDA0F8BC" box="[424,519,1778,1799]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C61837BBBFDA0F8BC" box="[424,519,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C623A7BB8FCECF8BC" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[529,843,1777,1799]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C623A7BB8FC82F8BD" box="[529,805,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Goniopteris madagascariensis</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +(= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFAE9B0C634C7BBBFB70F8BC" authority="(Kunze) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[871,1239,1778,1799]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="71" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFAE9B0C634C7BBBFB8BF8BC" box="[871,1068,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="61">Pneumatopteris unita</emphasis> +(Kunze) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +), from Africa ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0360F27DEBFECBFF0C" author="Holttum" box="[217,364,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +). Molecular evidence (Fawcett et al. in press) suggests the two species diverged successively from the backbone of the phylogeny and are on long branches ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA19B03629D7D8BFD4DFF6C" box="[694,746,194,215]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03629D7D8BFD4DFF6C" bold="true" box="[694,746,194,215]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0360BA7DA8FCB1FECC" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0360BA7DA8FCB1FECC" blockId="72.[97,1226,162,759]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360BA7DA8FE29FF4D" box="[145,398,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—This monotypic genus is restricted to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA19B0363087DABFC0DFF4C" box="[803,938,226,247]" name="New Zealand" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +, southeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA19B0364177DABFB3EFF4C" box="[1084,1177,226,247]" name="Australia" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Australia</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA19B03604A7C4BFF18FEAC" box="[97,191,258,279]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Tasmania</collectingRegion> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0360E27C4BFE12FEAC" author="Brownsey & Perrie" box="[201,437,258,279]" editor="I. Breitwieser & P. B. Heenan & A. D. Wilton" firstAuthor="Brownsey" journalOrPublisher="Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="16" refId="ref106927" refString="BROWNSEY, P. J. & L. R. PERRIE. 2016. Thelypteridaceae. In: I. Breitwieser, P. B. Heenan, A. D. Wilton, eds., Flora of New Zealand - Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 16. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. Available at http: // dx. doi. org / 10.7931 / B 1 G 59 H. Accessed Feb 2020." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora of New Zealand - Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle" year="2016">Brownsey & Perrie 2016</bibRefCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0361E87C48FDFDFEAC" box="[451,602,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361E87C48FDFDFEAC" box="[451,602,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pakau pennigera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a plant of lowland (< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA19B03631E7C4BFCD4FEAC" box="[821,883,258,279]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity> +), relatively undisturbed rain forests, especially of dark, heavily shaded gullies. It stands apart from other genera in the family in having a strictly austral distribution, but it does not extend to frost-prone latitudes. Fossil evidence suggests that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0363947C08FC5FFEED" box="[959,1016,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363947C08FC5FFEED" box="[959,1016,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, or its close relatives, were present in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA19B0360DC7C2BFED1FECC" box="[247,374,354,375]" name="New Zealand" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +at least since the early Miocene ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0362817C2BFCACFECC" author="Pole" box="[682,779,354,375]" firstAuthor="Pole" journalOrPublisher="Ferns. J. Roy. Soc. New Zealand" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="279 - 286" part="22" refId="ref112931" refString="POLE, M. 1992. Early Miocene flora of the Manuherikia group, New Zealand. 1. Ferns. J. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 22: 279 - 286." title="Early Miocene flora of the Manuherikia group, New Zealand" type="journal article" year="1992">Pole 1992</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA19B0360BA7CCBFDFEFD4D" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA19B0360BA7CCBFDFEFD4D" blockId="72.[97,1226,162,759]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0360BA7CCBFE7FFE2D" box="[145,472,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0361DD7CC8FD97FE2D" box="[502,560,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361DD7CC8FD97FE2D" box="[502,560,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has been treated most recently in the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0363F37CCBFBCEFE2C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[984,1129,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363F37CCBFBCEFE2C" box="[984,1129,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B03645E7CCBFF36FE0C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0360B27CEBFF73FE0C" author="Holttum" box="[153,212,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">1973a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0360F77CEBFEB1FE0C" author="Holttum" box="[220,278,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0361357CEBFEFDFE0C" author="Holttum" box="[286,346,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +; Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989: fig. 112 A-B; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B03636A7CEBFC63FE0C" author="Bostock" box="[833,964,418,439]" editor="McCarthy, P. M. & Orchard, A. E." firstAuthor="Bostock" journalOrPublisher="Melbourne: ABRS / CSIRO Australia. Pp" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="327 - 358" refId="ref106577" refString="BOSTOCK, P. D. 1998. Ferns, Gymnosperms and Allied Groups. In: McCarthy, P. M. & Orchard, A. E., eds., Flora of Australia. Vol. 48. Melbourne: ABRS / CSIRO Australia. Pp. 327 - 358." title="Ferns, Gymnosperms and Allied Groups" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora of Australia. Vol. 48" year="1998">Bostock 1998</bibRefCitation> +: fig. 121F-G), but even with this placement, Holttum realized that this species was somewhat apart from other +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0363A97C8BFBB4FE6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[898,1043,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363A97C8BFBB4FE6C" box="[898,1043,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the exindusiate sori, presence of costal scales, and absence of rudimentary proximal pinnae. The highly polyphyletic genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03604A7F4BFF55FDAC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[97,242,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A7F4BFF55FDAC" box="[97,242,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is recircumscribed in the present work; see the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362E97F4BFCF4FDAC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[706,851,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362E97F4BFCF4FDAC" box="[706,851,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +treatment for further details. Based on recent molecular phylogenetic evidence (Fawcett et al. in press), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362C27F68FC82FD8D" box="[745,805,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362C27F68FC82FD8D" box="[745,805,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is quite distinct from any extant genus of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03604A7F0BFEACFDEC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[97,267,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +; it resolves on a long branch, sister to the rest of the christelloid clade, which is a subclade of the cyclosoroid genera (including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03618E7F28FDAFFDCD" box="[421,520,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03618E7F28FDAFFDCD" box="[421,520,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0362337F28FD30FDCD" box="[536,663,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0362337F28FD30FDCD" box="[536,663,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03628C7F2BFCE3FDCC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[679,836,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03628C7F2BFCE3FDCC" box="[679,836,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03637F7F28FB34FDCD" box="[852,1171,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03637F7F28FC7EFDCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[852,985,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0363CE7F28FB34FDCD" box="[997,1171,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudocyclosorus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03604A7FC8FEA4FD2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[97,259,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A7FC8FEA4FD2D" box="[97,259,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) all sensu +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA19B0361477FCBFDA6FD2C" author="Holttum" box="[364,513,642,663]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +, as well as a half dozen smaller genera ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA19B0363547FCBFC12FD2C" box="[895,949,642,663]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0363547FCBFC12FD2C" bold="true" box="[895,949,642,663]" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). The christelloid genera are almost exclusively Old World, primarily restricted to southeastern and southern Asia, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA19B0363FE7FEBFB82FD0C" box="[981,1061,674,695]" name="Malaysia" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, and Polynesia, with the exception of the three earliest-diverging lineages: The +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA19B0363087F8BFC04FD6C" box="[803,931,706,727]" name="New Zealand" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +and Australian +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0364107F88FBD3FD6D" box="[1083,1140,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0364107F88FBD3FD6D" box="[1083,1140,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, African +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B03604A7FABFF67FD4C" box="[97,192,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B03604A7FABFF67FD4C" box="[97,192,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and neotropical/subtropical +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA19B0361FC7FA8FDFEFD4D" box="[471,601,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="62"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA19B0361FC7FA8FDF2FD4D" box="[471,597,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="72" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pelazoneuron</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB09B10623E7DEAFDEDFA0A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB09B10623E7DEAFDEDFA0A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d8d2902b14d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB09B10623E7DEAFDEDFA0A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,743 @@ +<document id="4F1366F59A33B39C9F5529ACDBA7D4B0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB09B10623E7DEAFDEDFA0A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Sphaerostephanos J. 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Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." box="[533,837,163,189]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">SPHAEROSTEPHANOS</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB09B1260527D82FD3EFECB" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1260527D82FD06FF5B" blockId="89.[121,1251,163,251]" box="[121,673,203,224]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1260527D82FEC8FF5B" authority="J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." box="[121,367,203,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260527D82FE94FF5B" bold="true" box="[121,307,203,224]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +J. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +in Hooker, Gen. Fil., t. 24. 1839. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B12628B7D87FC1CFF40" blockId="89.[121,1251,163,251]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB09B1262997D87FED5FF40" author="K. Iwats." journal="Mem. Coll. Sci Univ. Kyoto, ser. B" page="32" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" score="10.725328331126558" volume="31" year="1964"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1262997D87FB44FF5B" ID-CoL="8R68B" authority="(J. Sm.) K. Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci Univ." baseAuthorityName="J. Sm." box="[690,1251,206,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sphaerostephanos"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262997D87FCA2FF64" box="[690,773,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12631E7D87FC1BFF64" box="[821,956,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +(J. Sm.) K. Iwats., Mem.Coll.Sci Univ. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFB09B1260927DA0FF40FF42" box="[185,231,233,249]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Kyoto</collectingRegion> +, ser. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB09B1261217DA0FEB1FF42" box="[266,278,233,249]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +, 31:32.1964 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB09B1261A27DA0FE0FFF42" box="[393,424,233,249]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB09B1261A27DA0FE0FFF42" box="[393,424,233,249]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12619A7DA0FD60FF40" ID-CoL="4225Z" authority="J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." box="[433,711,233,251]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asplenioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12619A7DA0FD30FF41" box="[433,663,233,250]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Sphaerostephanos asplenioides</emphasis> +J. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262F77DA0FC98FF41" box="[732,831,233,250]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB09B1262F77DA0FD40FF42" box="[732,743,233,249]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. polycarpos +</emphasis> +(Blume) Copel.] +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1260B27C47FE99FE9B" blockId="89.[153,665,270,368]" box="[153,318,270,288]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260B27C47FF58FEA4" box="[153,255,270,287]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Haplodictyum</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB09B1261297C46FEB6FE9B" box="[258,273,271,288]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Presl +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1260B27C60FEFCFE80" blockId="89.[153,665,270,368]" box="[153,347,297,315]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260B27C60FF50FE81" box="[153,247,297,314]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Mesochlaena</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB09B1260D77C63FEACFE80" box="[252,267,298,315]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">R</collectionCode> +.Br.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB09B1261047C60FE90FE82" box="[303,311,297,313]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode> +. Sm. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1260B27C0AFEB3FEEE" blockId="89.[153,665,270,368]" box="[153,276,323,341]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260B27C0AFF72FEEF" box="[153,213,323,340]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Proferea</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB09B1260F27C0DFF4FFEEE" box="[217,232,324,341]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Presl +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1260B27C17FD3EFECB" blockId="89.[153,665,270,368]" box="[153,665,350,368]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +For additional generic synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB09B12619F7C16FD8BFECB" author="Holttum" box="[436,556,351,368]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="89" pageNumber="79" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB09B1262197C16FDC4FECB" author="Holttum" box="[562,611,351,368]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB09B1262427C16FD37FECB" author="Holttum" box="[617,656,351,368]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB09B1260527CCCFB8BFE00" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1260527CCCFB8BFE00" blockId="89.[121,1251,389,1819]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260527CCCFF7DFE21" box="[121,218,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261307CCCFEC4FE21" box="[283,355,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">sphaera</emphasis> +, sphere + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261E97CCCFDBBFE21" box="[450,540,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">stephanos</emphasis> +, crown, in reference to the spherical yellow glands adorning the sori; these may be borne on the receptacles, indusia ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB09B1262237CEFFDE9FE00" box="[520,590,422,443]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262237CEFFDE9FE00" bold="true" box="[520,590,422,443]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), or sporangia, and are characteristic of the genus. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB09B1260827C8FFD64F9A0" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1260827C8FFD64F9A0" blockId="89.[121,1251,389,1819]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +Plants mostly terrestrial, or occasionally cremnophilous or rheophytic, mostly from (10–)30–100(–200) cm tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260527CAFFF70FE40" bold="true" box="[121,215,486,507]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">rhizomes</emphasis> +mostly suberect or erect, occasionally short-creeping, rarely long-creeping or scandent ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12643E7CACFB7FFE40" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1045,1240,485,507]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12643E7CACFBD9FE41" box="[1045,1150,485,506]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. scandens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260527F4FFF1BFDA0" bold="true" box="[121,188,518,539]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic or with fertile fronds smaller and more erect (fronds subdimorphic to dimorphic, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1264A67F4CFF04FD81" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1264A67F4CFF04FD81" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. dimorphus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), usually pinnate-pinnatifid or once-pinnate, rarely pinnae subentire, pinnatifid or weakly divided, with elongate apical lamina subtended by reduced lateral pinnae as in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1262AC7F0CFCAEFDE1" box="[647,777,581,602]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccarianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262AC7F0CFCAEFDE1" box="[647,777,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. beccarianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB09B12633E7F0FFCFEFDE1" box="[789,857,581,603]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12633E7F0FFCFEFDE1" bold="true" box="[789,857,581,603]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) and related species (no simple-bladed or twice-pinnate species known), usually arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262697F2FFDDAFDC0" bold="true" box="[578,637,614,635]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous or brownish, usually dull, stipe bases and rhizome scales brown to tan, ovate to lanceolate, rarely glabrous, thin, usually with acicular, hyaline hairs 0.1–0.2 mm on margins and surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12610D7FECFECFFD01" bold="true" box="[294,360,677,698]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">blades</emphasis> +usually chartaceous, less often thicker and subcoriaceous to coriaceous (species of more open areas, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1260C87F8CFEC3FD61" box="[227,356,709,730]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lithophyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260C87F8CFEC3FD61" box="[227,356,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. lithophyllus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), usually drying green, lanceolate, ovate to deltate, proximal pinnae usually subabruptly or abruptly reduced ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB09B1261077FAFFED4FD40" box="[300,371,742,763]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261077FAFFED4FD40" bold="true" box="[300,371,742,763]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2K</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), occasionally gradually reduced, often> 6 pairs (to 30+ pairs, e.g., in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1264367FACFB3BFD41" box="[1053,1180,741,762]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1264367FACFB3BFD41" box="[1053,1180,741,762]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. sagittifolius</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), basal pair(s) often auriculiform or glanduliform and < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB09B12627A7E4FFD2CFCA1" box="[593,651,773,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +long, blade apex gradually reduced, with distal pinnae not or only slightly decurrent, or subabruptly reduced and pinna-like; proliferous buds absent in axils of distal pinnae (no gemmiferous spp. known); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261AC7E0FFE69FCE0" bold="true" box="[391,462,838,859]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">pinnae</emphasis> +entire (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262627E0CFC3AFCE1" box="[585,925,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1262627E0CFD39FCE1" box="[585,670,837,858]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debilis">S. debilis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1262837E0CFC81FCE1" box="[680,806,837,858]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphus">S. dimorphus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12631B7E0CFC3AFCE1" box="[816,925,837,858]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mutabilis">S. mutabilis</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +) to subentire, crenate, shallowly lobed, or often pinnatifid to more than half their width, rarely pinnatisect or lobed within +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB09B1263F97E2FFBADFCC1" box="[978,1034,869,891]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +of costae (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1264B37E2CFF7FFC20" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novoguineensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1264B37E2CFF7FFC20" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. novoguineensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1260C97ECCFEF6FC21" box="[226,337,901,922]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="williamsii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260C97ECCFEF6FC21" box="[226,337,901,922]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. williamsii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), typically straight, sometimes with small acroscopic auricles at pinna bases, adaxially grooved; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260527EEFFF09FC00" bold="true" box="[121,174,934,955]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">veins</emphasis> +usually prominent abaxially and adaxially (readily seen without transmitted light), lowermost pair from adjacent segments running to margin at a sinus between adjacent lobes, usually united to form an excurrent vein that runs to sinuses, or with 2–4 pairs (exceptionally 10 pairs united in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12629A7EACFCBBFC40" box="[689,796,997,1019]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12629A7EACFCBBFC40" box="[689,796,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. maximus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) united and forming a common excurrent vein (straight or zig-zag) that runs to a sinus, rarely lowermost veins meeting margins above sinuses (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B126410794CFB7CFBA0" box="[1083,1243,1029,1051]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novoguineensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B126410794CFB7CFBA0" box="[1083,1243,1029,1051]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. novoguineensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B126052796CFF4EFB81" box="[121,233,1061,1082]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="williamsii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B126052796CFF4EFB81" box="[121,233,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. williamsii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), free veins ending at pinna margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B126275796CFD77FB81" bold="true" box="[606,720,1061,1082]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">aerophores</emphasis> +absent or often present at pinna bases, if present then swollen, tuberculate, or rod-like to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB09B1261FB790FFDAEFBE1" box="[464,521,1093,1115]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity> +long (these species generally producing mucilage during development), or, forming a small patch of darkened aerating tissue at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262CD792FFC0BFBC0" bold="true" box="[742,940,1126,1147]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">indument abaxially</emphasis> +usually of hyaline acicular hairs on rachises, costae, veins, and sometimes between veins, rarely the blades glabrous or nearly so (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12641179CCFB6CFB20" box="[1082,1227,1157,1179]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataractorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12641179CCFB6CFB20" box="[1082,1227,1157,1179]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. cataractorum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a rheophyte from the Admiralty Islands), +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261DA79EFFD10FB00" bold="true" box="[497,695,1190,1211]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline or sometimes reddish acicular hairs on rachises and costae, sometimes also on veins and between veins, hairs often appressed between veins, scattered to dense, hairs on stipes and rachises short to long, 0.1–1(–2) mm, sparse to dense, rarely blades glabrous or glabrescent, usually single-celled, rarely septate; glands, if present, resinous or hemispherical and opaque, usually light yellowish to light orangish, seldom capitate (short-stipitate), borne on laminae and veins abaxially and sometimes also adaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1264B4786CFF32FAE1" bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">pustules</emphasis> +generally absent on laminar tissue (present in some spp., e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1262C5780CFCD5FAE1" box="[750,882,1349,1370]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccarianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262C5780CFCD5FAE1" box="[750,882,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">S. beccarianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB09B126356780FFC65FAE0" box="[893,962,1350,1371]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B126356780FFC65FAE0" bold="true" box="[893,962,1350,1371]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1263FD780FFC59FAE0" bold="true" box="[982,1022,1350,1371]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">sori</emphasis> +inframedial, medial, or infrequently submarginal, usually round, less often oblong or elongate along veins in a few spp. (e.g., the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB09B126466782FFBDDFAC0" box="[1101,1146,1382,1403]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus> +), indusiate or exindusiate, indusia if present usually round-reniform or reduced to a fragment, usually whitish or tan when young, persistent to evanescent, hairy and/or glandular to glabrous ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB09B1262F878EFFCE3FA00" box="[723,836,1446,1467]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262F878EFFCE3FA00" bold="true" box="[723,836,1446,1467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2D, 2E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12637278EFFC18FA00" bold="true" box="[857,959,1446,1467]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">sporangia</emphasis> +often setulose or with sessile glands just below the annulus like those of lamina; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B126274788CFD06FA61" bold="true" box="[607,673,1477,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">spores</emphasis> +pale brown, lacking pronounced winglike ridges or echinae, reticulate and perforate (fenestrate), secondary sculpturing gemmulate ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB09B12630578AFFBB9FA40" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[814,1054,1510,1531]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12640478ACFB9DFA41" box="[1071,1082,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis> += 36, ten species counted, mostly diploid, tetraploid counts few in comparison. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB09B1160827B6CFD92FCBF" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB09B1160827B6CFD92FCBF" blockId="89.[121,1251,389,1819]" lastBlockId="90.[97,1226,162,1819]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260827B6CFEA4F981" box="[169,259,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.—The most morphologically similar genera to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1262EF7B6CFCCFF981" box="[708,872,1573,1594]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262EF7B6CFCCFF981" box="[708,872,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are other cyclosoroid genera, including the closest relatives, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261177B0CFE4AF9E1" box="[316,493,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1261177B0CFE6AF9E1" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[316,461,1605,1626]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB09B1261FA7B0CFE4AF9E1" box="[465,493,1605,1626]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1261DC7B0CFDC0F9E1" box="[503,615,1605,1626]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261DC7B0CFDC0F9E1" box="[503,615,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12625A7B0CFCADF9E1" box="[625,778,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12625A7B0CFD4DF9E1" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[625,746,1605,1626]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB09B1262C57B0CFCADF9E1" box="[750,778,1605,1626]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, and several other more distantly related christelloid genera— +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260D17B2CFED4F9C1" box="[250,371,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1260D17B2CFEF3F9C1" box="[250,340,1637,1658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Christella</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB09B1261737B2CFED4F9C1" box="[344,371,1637,1658]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1261567B2CFDBBF9C1" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[381,540,1637,1658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261567B2CFDBBF9C1" box="[381,540,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12620E7B2CFD17F9C1" box="[549,688,1637,1658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12620E7B2CFD17F9C1" box="[549,688,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1262C97B2CFCE8F9C1" box="[738,847,1637,1658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1262C97B2CFCE8F9C1" box="[738,847,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Most of these, except for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B12646A7B2CFB46F9C1" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1089,1249,1637,1658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12646A7B2CFB46F9C1" box="[1089,1249,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and some +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1260FC7BCCFEC5F921" box="[215,354,1669,1690]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1260FC7BCCFEC5F921" box="[215,354,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, have at least a single pair of veins (if not many more) anastomosing below the sinuses and with an excurrent vein to the sinus. All have a base chromosome number of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B12633D7BECFC86F901" box="[790,801,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis> += 36. All occupy large areas in continental Asia and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB09B1260897B8FFF49F960" box="[162,238,1734,1755]" name="Malaysia" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, with extensions into +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB09B1261E97B8FFE50F960" box="[450,503,1734,1755]" name="India" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">India</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, Polynesia, and Australasia for some species. In the Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB09B12648F7B8FFB46F960" box="[1188,1249,1734,1755]" name="China" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">China</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB09B1260547BAFFEADF940" author="Lin" box="[127,266,1765,1787]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="89" pageNumber="79" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +), most of the christelloid genera mentioned above, including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1263647BACFC54F941" box="[847,1011,1765,1786]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1263647BACFC54F941" box="[847,1011,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, were treated as part of a greatly expanded concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1261B87A4CFE51F8A1" box="[403,502,1797,1818]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1261B87A4CFE51F8A1" box="[403,502,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, except for a separately treated +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1263077A4CFBD0F8A1" box="[812,1143,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1263077A4CFC6AF8A1" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[812,973,1797,1818]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudocyclosorus</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB09B1263D67A4CFBD0F8A1" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1021,1143,1797,1818]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB09B1264577A4CFB3FF8A1" box="[1148,1176,1797,1818]" pageId="89" pageNumber="79" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB09B1264577A4CFB36F8A1" box="[1148,1169,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="79">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +(which included +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1160927DEBFE83FF0C" box="[185,292,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160927DEBFE83FF0C" box="[185,292,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). However, the Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B11622D7DEBFDE5FF03" box="[518,578,162,184]" name="China" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">China</collectingCountry> +contains only four species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1163737DEBFC5CFF0C" box="[856,1019,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1163737DEBFC5CFF0C" box="[856,1019,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, an extremely depauperate representation of the genus. Co-occurrence of many genera, recent and rapid diversification, and a lack of taxonomic experts in the group have made classification and identification of cyclosoroid +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1163937DAAFBC6FF42" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[952,1121,227,249]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +especially difficult and somewhat contentious. Rampant homoplasy in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1162B67C4DFCE6FEA2" box="[669,833,260,281]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1162B67C4DFCE6FEA2" box="[669,833,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and related genera has caused great difficulty in delineating taxa. As may be expected for a genus with more than two hundred species occupying diverse habitats, there is no single morphological character known that reliably holds the genus together—rather one must utilize a suite of characters, and have complete fertile specimens (including rhizomes) for identification to genus. Nevertheless, the circumscription of the genus by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B1161917CCEFDF7FE26" author="Holttum" box="[442,592,391,413]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +corresponds very closely to a clade, with only +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1164267CCEFBEFFE26" box="[1037,1096,391,413]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName> +adjustments. The following characteristics are common to most (but by no means all) species: short-creeping to suberect or erect rhizomes, with lanceolate, brownish, hairy scales at apices (as well as at stipe bases); pinnate fronds with entire, subentire, crenate, or shallowly to deeply lobed pinnae, i.e., blades once pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid; veins anastomosing, with at least the lowermost pair from adjacent segments uniting at an obtuse angle and producing an excurrent vein that runs to the sinus or to the excurrent vein in the next areole (thus bisecting the areole), i.e., veins sometimes meniscioid with as many as four pairs (10 pairs in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1161F07F02FDE2FDDB" box="[475,581,587,608]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1161F07F02FDE2FDDB" box="[475,581,587,608]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. maximus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) joined in a file between costa and pinna margin; abruptly or subabruptly reduced proximal pinnae; costae abaxially with spreading to curved-appressed hairs, these often stout; the presence abaxially, and less often adaxially, of sessile, spherical or somewhat flattened, yellowish to light orangish, transparent glands on the laminar tissue between veins, on veins, and on costae and costules; often appressed or ascending (distally pointed) acicular, hyaline hairs between the veins adaxially, these often thin, mostly 0.1–0.3 mm long; the absence of pustules on laminar tissue; and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1161DD7FA6FDA6FCBF" box="[502,513,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">x</emphasis> += 36. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB39B1160BA7E46FC10F903" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB39B1160BA7E46FB38FBF0" blockId="90.[97,1226,162,1819]" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160BA7E46FEDAFC9F" box="[145,381,783,804]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—Species occur mostly at low and middle elevations, from near sea level to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB39B1164527E46FB62FC9F" box="[1145,1221,783,805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity> +, with a few to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB39B1160CA7E79FE8BFCFE" box="[225,300,816,837]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity> +, and even fewer to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB39B1161C97E79FD8AFCFE" box="[482,557,816,837]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity> +(to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB39B11627A7E79FD3EFCFE" box="[593,665,816,838]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="3750.0">3750 m</quantity> +, in subalpine shrublands and grasslands, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1164797E79FB64FCFE" box="[1106,1219,816,837]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archboldii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1164797E79FB64FCFE" box="[1106,1219,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. archboldii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B1160ED7E18FEA8FCDC" box="[198,271,849,871]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Guinea</collectingCountry> +). Many of the 190 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1162357E19FD65FCDE" box="[542,706,848,869]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1162357E19FD65FCDE" box="[542,706,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are highly localized, endemic to relatively small areas, and found mostly in primary, undisturbed forests. However, as with many thelypteroid genera, some widespread spp. (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160B87EDBFEB9FC1C" box="[147,286,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB39B1160B87EDBFF06FC1C" box="[147,161,914,935]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. heterocarpos +</emphasis> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB39B1161017EDBFED7FC1C" box="[298,368,914,936]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1161017EDBFED7FC1C" bold="true" box="[298,368,914,936]" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Fig. 2K</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) occur in disturbed forests, at forest margins, and sometimes in open areas; occasionally they grow on rocks or streamsides, where they tend to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1162747EFBFD7DFC73" box="[607,730,946,968]" form="smaller" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" rank="form">form smaller</taxonomicName> +, less conspicuous adult plants. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB39B1163D57EFAFBA9FC73" box="[1022,1038,947,968]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +few are rheophytes, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1160A77E9DFF7BFC53" box="[140,220,979,1001]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160A77E9DFF7BFC53" box="[140,220,979,1001]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. debilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1160C37E9DFEF4FC53" box="[232,339,979,1001]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mutabilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160C37E9DFEF4FC53" box="[232,339,979,1001]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. mutabilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, with very narrow, streamlined, sometimes nearly glabrous pinnae. Some species are weedy and found especially along roadsides, trails, and wet ditches. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1162877EBDFCA8FBB1" box="[684,783,1012,1034]" genus="The" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="major">The major</taxonomicName> +center of diversity for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1163CD7EBDFB2DFBB2" box="[998,1162,1012,1033]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1163CD7EBDFB2DFBB2" box="[998,1162,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the Paleotropics is unquestionably +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B1161A4795CFE7BFB90" box="[399,476,1045,1067]" name="Malaysia" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, with 150+ spp.; Melanesia and Polynesia are lesser centers of diversity. New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B11604A797CFF00FBF0" box="[97,167,1077,1099]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Guinea</collectingCountry> +is especially species-rich, with 60+ spp., most of them narrowly endemic and many of them poorly known. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB39B1160A4791FFF72FA08" blockId="90.[97,1226,162,1819]" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +Shortly after he expanded the concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B11623A791FFD12FBD0" box="[529,693,1110,1131]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11623A791FFD12FBD0" box="[529,693,1110,1131]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from six species to more than 120, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B11642B791FFB2AFBD0" author="Holttum" box="[1024,1165,1110,1132]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B1164BE791FFB62FBD7" author="Holttum" box="[1173,1221,1110,1132]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B11604A793EFF36FB36" author="Holttum" box="[97,145,1143,1165]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) enlarged his concept still further, and described many new species, recognizing 152 spp. from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B11643F793EFBC7FB36" box="[1044,1120,1143,1165]" name="Malaysia" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, 12 species from tropical mainland Asia, 17 spp. from Polynesia and Australasia ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B11632979DEFC3FFB15" author="Holttum" box="[770,920,1175,1198]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +), and four spp. from Africa and islands in the Indian Ocean ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B11615B79F1FDA4FB75" author="Holttum" box="[368,515,1208,1230]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +); most of the species he assigned to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B11637A79F1FC53FB76" box="[849,1012,1208,1229]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11637A79F1FC53FB76" box="[849,1012,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, especially those from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B11604A7990FF0AFB54" box="[97,173,1241,1263]" name="Malaysia" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, and Polynesia, remain in that genus in our reclassification. However, we still include only two of the four species +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B1160FC79B0FED1FAAB" author="Holttum" box="[215,374,1273,1296]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +recognized from Africa and islands of the Indian Ocean, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1163BC79B3FBA0FAB5" authorityName="Holttum" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[919,1031,1273,1295]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arbuscula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1163BC79B3FBA0FAB5" box="[919,1031,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. arbuscula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B11641D79B3FB64FAB5" box="[1078,1219,1273,1295]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11641D79B3FB64FAB5" box="[1078,1219,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. subtruncatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1160517853FEBAFA94" box="[122,285,1306,1327]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160517853FEBAFA94" box="[122,285,1306,1327]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. About ten spp. are known from continental Asia including both of the African and Indian Ocean species, which also occur in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B1161467872FE07FAEA" box="[365,416,1339,1361]" name="India" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">India</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B1161E77872FD8CFAEA" box="[460,555,1339,1361]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +. The others are +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1162967872FCEFFAEB" box="[701,840,1339,1360]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1162967872FCEFFAEB" box="[701,840,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S.gaudichaudii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1163797872FC7BFAEB" box="[850,988,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB39B1163797872FCC7FAEB" box="[850,864,1339,1360]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. heterocarpos +</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1163CD7872FBF0FAEB" box="[998,1111,1339,1360]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latebrosus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1163CD7872FBF0FAEB" box="[998,1111,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. latebrosus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B11644A7872FB65FAEB" box="[1121,1218,1339,1360]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penniger"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11644A7872FB65FAEB" box="[1121,1218,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S.penniger</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11604A7815FF7DFACA" box="[97,218,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB39B11604A7815FFC8FACA" box="[97,111,1372,1393]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. polycarpos +</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1160CD7815FEF0FACA" box="[230,343,1372,1393]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="productus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160CD7815FEF0FACA" box="[230,343,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. productus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1161A57815FE42FACA" box="[398,485,1372,1393]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1161A57815FE42FACA" box="[398,485,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">S. validus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, five of which also occur in western +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B1163677815FC31FAC9" box="[844,918,1372,1394]" name="Malaysia" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Malesia</collectingCountry> +(see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B1163E37815FBF6FAC9" author="Holttum" box="[968,1105,1372,1394]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="221 - 232" part="34" refId="ref109907" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1979. Sphaerostephanos in Asia, excluding Malesia. Kew Bull. 34: 221 - 232." title="Sphaerostephanos in Asia, excluding Malesia" type="journal article" year="1979">Holttum 1979</bibRefCitation> +). Species we exclude from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1160CE7835FE2FFA2A" box="[229,392,1404,1425]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160CE7835FE2FFA2A" box="[229,392,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, where they were placed by Holttum, are noted below. No species are known from the New World. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB39B1160BB78F7FC10F903" blockId="90.[97,1226,162,1819]" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +With the addition of 15 species newly combined below, and placement of several species in other genera (see also below), there are about 190 known species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1162267897FD17FA48" box="[525,688,1502,1523]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1162267897FD17FA48" box="[525,688,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, making it the second largest genus in the family, behind only +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1160BA78B6FEA0F9AF" box="[145,263,1535,1556]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160BA78B6FEA0F9AF" box="[145,263,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. In +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B11610778B6FE19F9AF" author="Holttum's" box="[300,446,1535,1557]" firstAuthor="Holttum's" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum’s 1982</bibRefCitation> +treatment, 66 taxa in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1162B878B6FC90F9AF" box="[659,823,1535,1556]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1162B878B6FC90F9AF" box="[659,823,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB39B11646978B6FBCAF9AF" box="[1090,1133,1535,1556]" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus> +or one or two other collections, a testament to both their rarity and the paucity of herbarium collections. We are confident that there are dozens of undescribed species belonging to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11624F7B09FCA9F9EE" box="[612,782,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B11624F7B09FCACF9EE" box="[612,779,1600,1621]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sphaerostephanos</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +especially in eastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB39B1163F57B09FB8DF9ED" box="[990,1066,1600,1622]" name="Malaysia" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, where there are likely undiscovered narrowly distributed endemics; in addition, some more wide-ranging species, e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1164137B28FB65F9CD" box="[1080,1218,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB39B1164137B28FBE1F9CD" box="[1080,1094,1633,1654]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. heterocarpos +</emphasis> +, are likely species complexes, in need of refinement and further study. Clearly, the genus is under-collected, because of the many superficially similar and highly local species and lack of specialists in the group. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB39B1060BA7B8DFDEDFA0A" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB39B1060BA7B8DFD44FE06" blockId="90.[97,1226,162,1819]" lastBlockId="91.[121,1250,162,1457]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1160BA7B8DFE72F963" box="[145,469,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—Until +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB39B1162027B8AFD1BF962" author="Holttum" box="[553,700,1731,1753]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +presented a new system of genera for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B1164357B8AFB61F962" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1054,1222,1731,1753]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B11604A7BADFEA2F942" box="[97,261,1764,1785]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11604A7BADFEA2F942" box="[97,261,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was a name applied to Old World species with elongate, indusiate sori, e.g., the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB39B1163DB7BADFBBAF942" box="[1008,1053,1764,1785]" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB39B11640F7BADFEB4F8A1" authority="J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asplenioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B11640F7BADFF74F8A1" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80">Sphaerostephanos asplenioides</emphasis> +J. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB39B1161187A4CFE17F8A1" box="[307,432,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="80"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB39B1161187A4CFEE6F8A1" box="[307,321,1797,1818]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="90" pageNumber="80" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. polycarpos +</emphasis> +(Blume) Copel.]; this group comprised about six species. Holttum expanded his concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1060CB7DEBFE23FF0C" box="[224,388,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060CB7DEBFE23FF0C" box="[224,388,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to include many species with round sori, and also some exindusiate species. Other salient characteristics of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10610C7D8BFE69FF6C" box="[295,462,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10610C7D8BFE69FF6C" box="[295,462,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +included species with many pairs of gradually to often abruptly or subabruptly reduced proximal pinnae; veins mostly united below sinuses and forming a series of one to about four areoles, each with an included, excurrent veinlet, or with the excurrent veinlet continuous from one areole to the next; sessile, hemispherical, opaque, yellowish to light orangish glands usually present on the costules, veins, and often between the veins abaxially and sometimes also adaxially; sporangia slender-stalked and with sessile glands or setulae near the annulus; light brown spinulose spores; and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1061977C2FFE60FEC0" box="[444,455,358,379]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">x</emphasis> += 36. Although Holttum included species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1063477C2FFBB7FEC0" box="[876,1040,358,379]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063477C2FFBB7FEC0" box="[876,1040,358,379]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +that were exceptional (deviated from the “norm”)in some of these characteristics,most species could be comfortably placed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1064177CCFFB47FE20" box="[1084,1248,390,411]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1064177CCFFB47FE20" box="[1084,1248,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +on the basis of possessing a combination of these salient features. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB29B1060827C81FE6AFC3D" blockId="91.[121,1250,162,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1060827C81FEEAFE66" ID-CoL="7KLZ" box="[169,333,456,477]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060827C81FEEAFE66" box="[169,333,456,477]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +exhibits extremely wide variation in frond +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB29B1062C37C81FCB2FE66" box="[744,789,456,477]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus> +, blade size, blade dissection, number and degree of reduction of proximal pinnae, and blade apex (conform or gradually reduced), with long aerophores or none at all, remarkably varied indument (glands and hairs), and presence or absence of indusia. There are diminutive species with few, small, entire pinnae, like +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1061B87F63FDB7FD85" ID-CoL="4YS9R" box="[403,528,553,575]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1061B87F63FDB7FD85" box="[403,528,553,575]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. obtusifolius</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062687F63FD38FD85" box="[579,671,553,575]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB29B1062687F63FDF6FD84" box="[579,593,554,575]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. ddebilis +</emphasis> +(pinnae ca. 10 × +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB29B1063147F63FCDEFD84" box="[831,889,554,575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity> +), both from New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB29B1064367F60FBC2FD84" box="[1053,1125,553,575]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Guinea</collectingCountry> +, to large species with fronds> 1.5 m, pinnae to 30 × 2.5 cm (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10624D7F02FD4FFDE4" ID-CoL="4YS6S" box="[614,744,586,608]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="braithwaitei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10624D7F02FD4FFDE4" box="[614,744,586,608]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. braithwaitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB29B1063627F03FC4FFDDA" box="[841,1000,586,609]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +), species with 30+ pairs of small greatly reduced proximal pinnae (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10620B7F22FD3AFD3B" ID-CoL="6Z7XY" box="[544,669,619,640]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10620B7F22FD3AFD3B" box="[544,669,619,640]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. sagittifolius</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) and species with deltate blades—the lowest pinnae the longest and with reduced pinnae entirely absent. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB29B10621E7FC5FDE2FD1A" box="[565,581,652,673]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +group of related, pinnatifid or weakly divided species with just a few pinna pairs is exemplified by +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1061BF7FE4FDB0FD7A" ID-CoL="8RTYX" box="[404,535,684,706]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccarianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1061BF7FE4FDB0FD7A" box="[404,535,684,706]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. beccarianus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB29B10620E7FE5FDCDFD7A" box="[549,618,684,706]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10620E7FE5FDCDFD7A" bold="true" box="[549,618,684,706]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Fig. 7B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), formerly included by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB29B1063617FE5FC7DFD7A" author="Holttum" box="[842,986,684,706]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1972">Holttum (1972</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB29B1063C97FE5FBB5FD79" author="Holttum" box="[994,1042,684,706]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1064137FE5FF52FD59" authority="sect. Pronephrium" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pronephrium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1064137FE5FB16FD7A" box="[1080,1201,684,705]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060527F84FF52FD59" box="[121,245,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060DF7F84FF5FFD59" box="[244,248,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">.</emphasis> +There are rheophytes with relatively few, entire pinnae 20+ times longer than wide and very narrow (< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB29B1064FF7F84FF05FCB8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +), with only a single row of sori along each side of the costae (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1063317FA7FC23FCB8" ID-CoL="4YS9J" box="[794,900,750,771]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mutabilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063317FA7FC23FCB8" box="[794,900,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. mutabilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). In short, just about any blade +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB29B10649D7FA7FB45FCB8" box="[1206,1250,750,771]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus> +imaginable can be found in the genus, short of forking gleicheniaceous blades or indeterminant ones. Some species have very long-creeping, narrow rhizomes, and bilaterally produced fronds, like +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1063607E66FC71FCFF" ID-CoL="8RTZG" box="[843,982,815,836]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063607E66FC71FCFF" box="[843,982,815,836]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. pentaphyllus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, thus mimicking some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1060967E19FE81FCDE" ID-CoL="8RV2R" box="[189,294,848,869]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060967E19FE81FCDE" box="[189,294,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +but lacking their hamate hairs; others +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10628A7E19FCA0FCDE" box="[673,775,848,870]" form="erect" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" rank="form">form erect</taxonomicName> +, relatively long trunks, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1064327E19FB38FCDE" ID-CoL="4YS6S" box="[1049,1183,848,869]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="braithwaitei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1064327E19FB38FCDE" box="[1049,1183,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. braithwaitei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1064E47E19FF73FC3E" ID-CoL="4YS6G" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archboldii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1064E47E19FF73FC3E" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. archboldii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB29B1060DD7E39FE96FC3D" box="[246,305,880,902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity> +tall in the latter. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB29B1060827ED8FC26FAEB" blockId="91.[121,1250,162,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +In broadly based molecular analyses, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1062337ED8FD1AFC1D" ID-CoL="7KLZ" box="[536,701,913,934]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062337ED8FD1AFC1D" box="[536,701,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is monophyletic with minimal departure from previous classifications. Within the genus, there are two +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10621C7EF8FDC8FC7C" box="[567,623,945,967]" genus="The" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +clades, and a small clade of early diverging species (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1064AA7EFBFF36FC53" ID-CoL="4YS8R" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="larutensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1064AA7EFBFF36FC53" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. larutensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1060967E9AFEBFFC53" ID-CoL="4YS9T" box="[189,280,979,1000]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oosorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060967E9AFEBFFC53" box="[189,280,979,1000]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. oosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; both are taxa with elongate sori). One of the two +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1062C77E9BFC83FC53" box="[748,804,978,1000]" genus="The" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +clades includes many of the pinnate-pinnatifid taxa that tend to be hairy on both laminar surfaces (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062A57EBAFCB0FBB3" box="[654,791,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB29B1062A57EBAFD3BFBB3" box="[654,668,1011,1032]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. heterocarpos +</emphasis> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB29B1063097EBAFCC0FBB3" box="[802,871,1011,1033]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063097EBAFCC0FBB3" bold="true" box="[802,871,1011,1033]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Fig. 2K</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), while the second +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1064367EBAFBF2FBB2" box="[1053,1109,1011,1033]" genus="The" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +clade includes several once-pinnate species to shallowly lobed species (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1062FF795DFCE7FB92" ID-CoL="4YS6Z" box="[724,832,1044,1065]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062FF795DFCE7FB92" box="[724,832,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">S. confertus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), including the taxa previously treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB29B106052797DFEB5FBF1" author="Holttum" box="[121,274,1076,1098]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B106118797DFDC6FBF2" authority="sect. Pronephrium" box="[307,609,1076,1098]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pronephrium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B106118797DFE09FBF2" box="[307,430,1076,1097]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1061CC797DFDC6FBF2" box="[487,609,1076,1097]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B106245797DFCB2FBF2" ID-CoL="7KLZ" box="[622,789,1076,1097]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B106245797DFCB2FBF2" box="[622,789,1076,1097]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is sister to newly redefined +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B106401797CFB46FBF1" box="[1066,1249,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B106401797CFB1AFBF1" ID-CoL="63NJM" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1066,1213,1077,1098]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB29B1064EF797CFB46FBF1" box="[1220,1249,1077,1098]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +(Fawcett et al. in press; +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB29B106179791CFE23FBD0" box="[338,388,1109,1131]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Fig. 1</figureCitation> +). This clade is in turn sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B106289791CFCB5FBD1" ID-CoL="8RTZR" box="[674,786,1109,1130]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B106289791CFCB5FBD1" box="[674,786,1109,1130]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and then +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B106346791CFC41FBD1" ID-CoL="6WT2" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[877,998,1109,1130]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B106346791CFC41FBD1" box="[877,998,1109,1130]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB29B1063C1791CFBA2FBD1" box="[1002,1029,1109,1130]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063C1791CFC58FBD1" box="[1002,1023,1109,1130]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +(corresponding largely to Holttum’s sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10610A793CFE16FB31" box="[289,433,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +). Together these four genera comprise the sphaerostephanoid clade. More distant relatives include members of the pseudocyclosoroid clade ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1062AB79DFFD4BFB10" ID-CoL="8RG5Z" box="[640,748,1174,1195]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062AB79DFFD4BFB10" box="[640,748,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1062DC79DFFC26FB10" ID-CoL="62989" box="[759,897,1174,1195]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062DC79DFFC26FB10" box="[759,897,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1063A079DFFC42FB10" ID-CoL="3P92" box="[907,997,1174,1195]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063A079DFFC42FB10" box="[907,997,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB29B1063C279DEFBA3FB17" box="[1001,1028,1175,1196]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063C279DEFC59FB17" box="[1001,1022,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10641D79DFFB74FB10" ID-CoL="6ZT7" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1078,1235,1174,1195]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10641D79DFFB74FB10" box="[1078,1235,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10608F79FEFE8CFB77" ID-CoL="8RTWY" box="[164,299,1207,1228]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10608F79FEFE8CFB77" box="[164,299,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(whose two members include two very widespread spp. formerly placed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10643079FEFB64FB77" ID-CoL="7KLZ" box="[1051,1219,1207,1228]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10643079FEFB64FB77" box="[1051,1219,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB29B106052799EFEA0FB55" author="Holttum" box="[121,263,1239,1262]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum, 1982</bibRefCitation> +). All of these genera pertain to the christelloid clade, and most (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B10638F799EFBE6FB57" ID-CoL="6ZT7" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[932,1089,1239,1260]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B10638F799EFBE6FB57" box="[932,1089,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) contain species that usually have at least one pair of anastomosing veins, meeting at an obtuse angle below the sinuses and with an excurrent vein. Many, but not all, of these genera have reduced (sometimes greatly reduced) proximal pinnae, and most have sori with round-reniform indusia (but this lost in several evolutionary lines). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB29B1060827812FDEDFA0A" blockId="91.[121,1250,162,1457]" pageId="91" pageNumber="81"> +Most necessary combinations have been made in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1062A07813FC97FAD4" box="[651,816,1370,1391]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062A07813FC97FAD4" box="[651,816,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB29B10637F7813FC44FAD4" author="Holttum" box="[852,995,1370,1392]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="91" pageNumber="81" pagination="221 - 232" part="34" refId="ref109907" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1979. Sphaerostephanos in Asia, excluding Malesia. Kew Bull. 34: 221 - 232." title="Sphaerostephanos in Asia, excluding Malesia" type="journal article" year="1979">Holttum (1979</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB29B1063C67813FBB9FACB" author="Holttum" box="[1005,1054,1370,1392]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), who included also homotypic and heterotypic synonyms in his revisions. We make combinations for the following species, placed by Holttum in other genera, especially +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1061E778D2FDE3FA0B" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[460,580,1435,1456]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1061E778D2FDE3FA0B" box="[460,580,1435,1456]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A781BFBE6FA3A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A781BFBE6FA3A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e8d1d937320 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A781BFBE6FA3A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +<document id="39A64EF1C0C5C511731E38727ACE4C51" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB19B13604A781BFBE6FA3A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia sogerensis S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Gepp" box="[106,647,1362,1383]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sogerensis" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B136041781BFEFBFADC" bold="true" box="[106,348,1362,1383]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Reholttumia sogerensis</emphasis> +(Gepp) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362BB7818FD5AFADD" bold="true" box="[656,765,1361,1382]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB19B1362BB7818FD5AFADD" box="[656,765,1361,1382]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB19B1362D6781CFBE6FA3A" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB19B1362D6781CFBE6FA3A" blockId="88.[97,1227,161,1516]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFB19B1362D6781CFBE6FA3A" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362D6781CFCB7FADE" box="[765,784,1365,1381]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13633B781CFBBFFADE" authority="Gepp, J. Bot." authorityName="Gepp, J. Bot." box="[784,1048,1365,1383]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sogerensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13633B781CFC16FADE" box="[784,945,1365,1381]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Dryopteris sogerensis</emphasis> +Gepp, J. 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Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1362D878ECFBA4FA0E" ID-CoL="8RBPH" authority="(Poir.) K. Iwats." box="[755,1027,1445,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="truncata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362D878ECFC2EFA0E" box="[755,905,1445,1462]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Thelypteris truncata</emphasis> +(Poir.) K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A78F4FD6AF92C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A78F4FD6AF92C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a79ef3d7974 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A78F4FD6AF92C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +<document id="4F225C1F82D0FA943AEB670AF6DA8DD6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB19B13604A78F4FD6AF92C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia vaupelii S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="2823C0DEF3560B7CACFA24F76833206C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="F91EFA6B1C2D6B95214579F30E59B72D"> +<mods:title id="78502C87AA3F459939A037EF761E1894">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="1BF7B6655D93E122AB4B331C8B67E19E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9956503F8C843442C9BCE12D9812CF1F"> +<mods:roleTerm id="567E464EBD8D258065A44C7B0E20460A">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="90520179CA07D72917CAF7032289D82F">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E49AFF523463C816A1AB0E7ABA74EA45" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="661134425CBA315CA7F57FF8F0BDAF45"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5EC893F906B8CB7EAD450EE38601645E">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6B48257E34451127DDC79027E1A0180C">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="A74A9975B06C287AEE9DCFE9E6684E24">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="3AF4D27CC665D7700E2F752FC1D681D2"> +<mods:dateIssued id="B5F230B888C04AEEA4C16C42092BDDDE">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="4BD6BADFBD15037B6EF6FDB4EBB682BB">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="3395706EF8BDEDBF4E26BD54FE135931"> +<mods:placeTerm id="221829D4BB7488300495E97A264EBFA2">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="16236CB85CE3FAADF610A8767D125742">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFB19B13604A78F4FD6AF92C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFB19B13604A78F4FD6AF92C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFB19B13604A78F4FD6AF92C" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB19B13604A78F4FD7BFA69" box="[97,732,1466,1490]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB19B13604A78F4FD7BFA69" blockId="88.[97,1227,161,1516]" box="[97,732,1466,1490]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFB19B13604A78F4FD7BFA69" box="[97,732,1466,1490]" level="2" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13604A78F4FDCFFA69" ID-CoL="8RV2X" authority="(C. Chr.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[97,616,1468,1490]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaupelii" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13604A78F4FE91FA69" bold="true" box="[97,310,1469,1490]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Reholttumia vaupelii</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13625B78F5FD7BFA69" bold="true" box="[624,732,1466,1490]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB19B13625B78F5FD7BFA69" box="[624,732,1466,1490]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB19B1362F07889FDE2FA57" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB19B1362F07889FDE2FA57" blockId="88.[97,1227,161,1516]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362F07889FD49FA6B" box="[731,750,1472,1488]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1362C47889FB36FA6B" authority="C. Chr., Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus." box="[751,1169,1472,1489]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaupelii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362C47889FCDCFA6A" box="[751,891,1472,1489]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Dryopteris vaupelii</emphasis> +C.Chr., Bull.Bernice P. Bishop Mus. +</taxonomicName> +177:89, t. 3 +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB19B1360937892FF62FA57" box="[184,197,1499,1516]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +.1943.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13612C7892FDE2FA57" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[263,581,1498,1516]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaupelii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13612C7892FE1DFA50" box="[263,442,1498,1515]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris vaupelii</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB19B13604A7B4BFD6AF92C" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB19B13604A7B4BFD6AF92C" blockId="88.[97,1225,1537,1687]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13604A7B4BFF7BF9AD" box="[97,220,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1360CA7B4BFF5EF9AC" box="[225,249,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">—</emphasis> +Several additional species treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13627B7B4BFD46F9AC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[592,737,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13627B7B4BFD46F9AC" box="[592,737,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by Holttum are potentially referable to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1364787B48FB64F9AD" box="[1107,1219,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1364787B48FB64F9AD" box="[1107,1219,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but we treat them herein as +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13614D7B6BFE78F98D" box="[358,479,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">incertae sedis</emphasis> +, pending additional data. These include the Afro-Madagascan species +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1364577B6BFF56F9EC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comorensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1364577B6BFF30F9EC" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">P.comorensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1360D17B0BFDB1F9EC" authority="(Desv.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[250,534,1602,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prismatica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1360D17B0BFED4F9EC" box="[250,371,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">P. prismatica</emphasis> +(Desv.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1362347B0BFCA4F9ED" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[543,771,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usambarensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362347B0BFCA4F9ED" box="[543,771,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">P. usambarensis Holttum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1363127B0BFBF4F9EC" authority="(Kuntze) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kuntze" box="[825,1107,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1363127B0BFC3AF9ED" box="[825,925,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">P. venulosa</emphasis> +(Kuntze) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, and several species from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB19B1360C87B2BFE96F9CC" box="[227,305,1634,1655]" name="Malaysia" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13618B7B2BFD52F9CC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[416,757,1634,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japenensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13618B7B2BFD3BF9CC" box="[416,668,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris japenensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13630C7B2BFBAEF9CC" authority="Holttum. See" authorityName="Holttum. See" box="[807,1033,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tobaica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13630C7B2BFC25F9CD" box="[807,898,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">P. tobaica</emphasis> +Holttum. See +</taxonomicName> +the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13641E7B2BFB6EF9CC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1077,1225,1634,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13641E7B2BFB6EF9CC" box="[1077,1225,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +treatment for a complete list of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1361AD7BCBFDA6F92D" box="[390,513,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">incertae sedis</emphasis> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1362367BCBFD09F92C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[541,686,1666,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362367BCBFD09F92C" box="[541,686,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB19B1362987BC8FD6AF92C" box="[691,717,1665,1687]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362987BC8FD60F92D" box="[691,711,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7901FB02FBE7.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7901FB02FBE7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..780d0ab5108 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7901FB02FBE7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="6CC2DE2F879155D394BCE0EB578E2DEC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB19B13604A7901FB02FBE7" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia papuana S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,637,1095,1117]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13604A7901FE99FBE7" bold="true" box="[97,318,1095,1117]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Reholttumia papuana</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. 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Sci." page="107" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" score="26.107526310246357" volume="60" year="1936"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B136322795CFBEBFB9C" authority="Copel., Philipp. J. Sci." box="[777,1100,1045,1063]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyoura"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B136322795CFC3DFB9E" box="[777,922,1045,1061]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Dryopteris oxyoura</emphasis> +Copel., Philipp. J. Sci. +</taxonomicName> +60:107. 1936 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13608A7979FE15FBFA" ID-CoL="8R8RV" authority="(Copel.) 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Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1363397979FB95FBFA" ID-CoL="8RFJQ" authority="(Copel.) C. F. Reed" box="[786,1074,1072,1089]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyoura"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1363397979FC02FBFB" box="[786,933,1072,1089]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Thelypteris oxyoura</emphasis> +(Copel.) 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S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Bonap." box="[106,663,1228,1250]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1360417984FECAFB59" bold="true" box="[106,365,1229,1250]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Reholttumia remotipinna</emphasis> +(Bonap.) S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362B57985FCAFFB5A" bold="true" box="[670,776,1228,1249]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB19B1362B57985FCAFFB5A" box="[670,776,1228,1249]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB19B1363237999FB34FB47" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB19B1363237999FB34FB47" blockId="88.[97,1227,161,1516]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1363237999FCBCFB5B" box="[776,795,1232,1248]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1363307999FBA6FB5B" authority="Bonap." authorityName="Bonap." box="[795,1025,1232,1248]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1363307999FC61FB5B" box="[795,966,1232,1248]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Dryopteris remotipinna</emphasis> +Bonap. +</taxonomicName> +, Notes Pterid.5:57.1917.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13608A79A3FE77FB47" authority="(Bonap.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Bonap." box="[161,464,1258,1276]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinnus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13608A79A3FEFFFB40" box="[161,344,1258,1275]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Cyclosorus remotipinnus</emphasis> +(Bonap.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1361CF79A2FC99FB47" authority="(Bonap.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bonap." box="[484,830,1259,1276]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1361CF79A2FD11FB40" box="[484,694,1259,1275]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris remotipinna</emphasis> +(Bonap.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13637979A3FB34FB47" authority="(Bonap.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Bonap." box="[850,1171,1258,1276]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13637979A3FBA5FB40" box="[850,1026,1258,1275]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Thelypteris remotipinna</emphasis> +(Bonap.) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A79D1FEE0FB7C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A79D1FEE0FB7C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f9f5df2dfe --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A79D1FEE0FB7C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +<document id="2D2B5CE4DEC3A4E83009F4D2688A761D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB19B13604A79D1FEE0FB7C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia psilophylla S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,676,1175,1197]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophylla" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13604A79D1FEFEFB16" bold="true" box="[97,345,1176,1197]" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Reholttumia psilophylla</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. 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Fl." box="[813,1115,1178,1196]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13630679D2FC51FB10" box="[813,1014,1178,1195]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris psilophylla</emphasis> +Holttum. Fl. +</taxonomicName> +Males., Ser. 2, Pterid.1(5):427.1982. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7C14FBBCFE37.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7C14FBBCFE37.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..68fd57dfd9a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7C14FBBCFE37.xml @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +<document id="0B41DCC3A490652222D01C7D8045B17E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB19B13604A7C14FBBCFE37" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia inclusa S. E. Fawc. & A. 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Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1361F67F49FD44FDAA" authority="(Mett.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[477,739,512,529]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1361F67F49FDF8FDAA" box="[477,607,512,529]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Thelypteris laevis</emphasis> +(Mett.) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1362DD7F49FBB1FDAA" authority="(Mett.) 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Astrol." box="[799,1134,218,236]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrimum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1363347D93FC60FF50" box="[799,967,218,235]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Aspidium glaberrimum</emphasis> +A. Rich., Sert.Astrol. +</taxonomicName> +18. 1834.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B13608A7DBCFE5AFEBC" authority="(A. Rich.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." box="[161,509,245,263]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13608A7DBCFECBFEBD" box="[161,364,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris glaberrima</emphasis> +(A.Rich.) 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Presl" box="[459,779,965,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1361E07E8CFDDAFC6D" box="[459,637,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris nitidula</emphasis> +(C.Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1363357E8CFBE2FC6C" authority="(C. Presl) C. F. 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Holttum var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13647B7F23FBD9FDC0" box="[1104,1150,618,635]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">loyalii</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +21:314.1973 +</treatmentCitation> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1361147FCCFEF4FD2D" box="[319,339,645,662]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1361787FCCFCF5FD2C" ID-CoL="32XFF" authority="(Holttum) Panigrahi" authorityName="Panigrahi" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[339,850,645,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="truncatus" variety="loyalii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1361787FCCFE49FD2E" box="[339,494,645,662]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Cyclosorus truncatus</emphasis> +(Poir.) Farwell var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362A87FCCFD16FD2D" box="[643,689,645,662]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">loyalii</emphasis> +(Holttum) Panigrahi +</taxonomicName> +, non +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1363517FCCFEC1FD0A" ID-CoL="32XFF" authority="(Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh) Mazumdar & R. Mukhop." authorityName="Mazumdar & R. Mukhop." baseAuthorityName="Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loyalii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1363517FCCFC58FD2D" box="[890,1023,645,662]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Cyclosorus loyalii</emphasis> +(Panigrahi & Sarn. Singh) Mazumdar & R. Mukhop. +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B13614E7FE9FEDFFD0A" box="[357,376,672,689]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1361537FE9FD01FD0A" ID-CoL="8RFH8" authority="(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk" authorityName="Fraser-Jenk" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[376,678,672,689]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loyalii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1361537FE9FE5EFD0A" box="[376,505,672,689]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Thelypteris loyalii</emphasis> +(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7F51FB6DFD97.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7F51FB6DFD97.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e88b1dd5182 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB19B13604A7F51FB6DFD97.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="2455C77250162A303BDC4E968C056FE6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB19B13604A7F51FB6DFD97" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia laticuneata S. 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Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1362787F9CFC02FD5C" ID-CoL="8RDDN" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[595,933,725,743]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macroptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB19B1362787F9CFC86FD5E" box="[595,801,725,741]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="78">Pneumatopteris macroptera</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB19B1363927F9CFF60FCBA" ID-CoL="8RFHF" authority="(Copel.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. 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Pl. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFB29B1064B17BAFFB1CF94D" box="[1178,1211,1766,1782]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Java</collectingRegion> +, 144. 1828. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060C97A48FF52F8A9" box="[226,245,1793,1810]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1060DD7A48FDA7F8A9" authority="(Blume) Fee" authorityName="Fee" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[246,512,1793,1811]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1060DD7A48FE07F8A9" box="[246,416,1793,1810]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Abacopteris glandulosa</emphasis> +(Blume) Fée +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1062387A48FCFBF8A9" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[531,860,1793,1811]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1062387A48FD7FF8A9" box="[531,728,1793,1810]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium glandulosum</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1063447A48FB0EF8A9" authority="(C. Chr.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[879,1193,1793,1811]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malayensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063447A48FBBFF8A9" box="[879,1048,1793,1810]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Thelypteris malayensis</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB29B1060527BE2FDD5F960.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB29B1060527BE2FDD5F960.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7ff0e0e4c1c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB29B1060527BE2FDD5F960.xml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +<document id="4079E94782EB832E881B0890D8BC69EF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB29B1060527BE2FDD5F960" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Sphaerostephanos bulusanicus S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulusanicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1063557BE6FBE0F97B" box="[894,1095,1711,1728]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Haplodictyum bulusanicum</emphasis> +Holttum, Kalikasan +</taxonomicName> +2:61 1973.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB29B1061337B83FDD5F960" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[280,626,1738,1756]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="91" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulusanicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB29B1061337B83FE7AF960" box="[280,477,1738,1755]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="81">Pronephrium bulusanicum</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB49B14621B7866FD3CFE8C.xml 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blockId="93.[121,1249,1327,1417]" box="[560,809,1327,1353]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFB49B16621B7866FC8EFAF2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[560,809,1327,1353]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16621B7866FC8EFAF2" ID-CoL="7M6H" box="[560,809,1327,1353]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16621B7866FC8EFAF2" bold="true" box="[560,809,1327,1353]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">STEGNOGRAMMA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB49B1660527813FDF0FAD5" box="[121,599,1369,1392]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B1660527813FDF0FAD5" blockId="93.[121,1249,1327,1417]" box="[121,599,1369,1392]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660527813FE57FAD5" authority="Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav." box="[121,496,1369,1392]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660527813FEB3FACB" bold="true" box="[121,276,1370,1392]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. +</taxonomicName> +172. 1828 +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB49B16627C7810FD01FA33" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B16627C7810FD01FA33" blockId="93.[121,1249,1327,1417]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB49B1662477814FD2BFAD6" box="[620,652,1373,1389]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1662477814FD2BFAD6" box="[620,652,1373,1389]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662BD7814FC3FFAD6" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[662,920,1372,1389]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspidioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662BD7814FCC5FAD6" box="[662,866,1372,1389]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Stegnogramma aspidioides</emphasis> +Blume +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663817815FEB1FA33" authority="(Blume) Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." baseAuthorityName="Blume" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Stegnogramma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663817815FC58FAD6" box="[938,1023,1372,1389]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664077814FB39FAD6" box="[1068,1182,1373,1389]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +(Blume) Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16610C783EFD01FA33" authority="(Blume) C. F. Reed" box="[295,678,1399,1417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stegnogramma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16610C783EFEDDFA33" box="[295,378,1399,1416]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661827831FDBEFA33" box="[425,537,1400,1416]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +(Blume) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB49B1660B278D4FE5EFA71" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B1660B278D4FE96FA15" blockId="93.[153,505,1437,1482]" box="[153,305,1437,1454]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660B278D4FF4DFA15" box="[153,234,1437,1454]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Dictyocline</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1660C678D7FF5DFA15" box="[237,250,1438,1454]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">T</collectionCode> +.Moore +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B1660B278F0FE5EFA71" blockId="93.[153,505,1437,1482]" box="[153,505,1464,1482]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB49B16615278F0FE52FA71" author="Kuo" box="[377,501,1464,1482]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al.(2019)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB49B16605278A9FF12F9AC" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B16605278A9FF12F9AC" blockId="93.[121,1250,1504,1819]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16605278A9FF5FFA4E" box="[121,248,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16613778A8FEFAFA4D" box="[284,349,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">stegnos</emphasis> +, cover, + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16619278A8FDA4FA4D" box="[441,515,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">gramme</emphasis> +, line, in reference to the sori, which are borne along the veins ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB49B16644878A9FF0DF9AC" author="Stewart" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart et al. 1983</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB49B15608C7B68FBF2FE7F" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B15608C7B68FBF2FE7F" blockId="93.[121,1250,1504,1819]" lastBlockId="94.[97,1226,162,1792]" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +Plants terrestrial, frequently of steeply sloping tropical and subtropical forest understories and shaded streamsides, small to large ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB49B16612F7B0BFEC1F9EC" box="[260,358,1602,1624]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" unit="cm" value="32.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="15.0">15–50 cm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16615E7B08FE74F9EC" bold="true" box="[373,467,1601,1623]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping to ascending or erect, with ovate to lanceolate setose scales; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664B57B08FB46F9EC" bold="true" box="[1182,1249,1601,1623]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic to weakly dimorphic, erect to arching, simply lobed to once-pinnate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663B07B2BFC71F9C3" bold="true" box="[923,982,1634,1656]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to dull brown, terete (lacking adaxial groove), with long and/or short unicellular to rarely septate (in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663B77BCBFBA5F92C" box="[924,1026,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Dictyocline</emphasis> +group) hyaline acicular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660997BEAFE83F903" bold="true" box="[178,292,1699,1721]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">stipe scales</emphasis> +ovate to lanceolate, castaneous, brown or pale, typically setose on margins and surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664487BEAFB02F903" bold="true" box="[1123,1189,1699,1720]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, drying green, olivaceous or dark brown, ovate, hastate to deltate, apex gradually reduced, never pinna-like, blades often widest at or near the base, never with several pairs of gradually reduced proximal pinnae; proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16614E7A4DFE0CF8A1" bold="true" box="[357,427,1796,1818]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">pinnae</emphasis> +entire to shallowly lobed, pinna-bases adnate (especially distally) to subsessile, bases rounded or truncate, sometimes asymmetrical, but never auricled; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562CF7DEBFCBEFF03" bold="true" box="[740,793,162,184]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">veins</emphasis> +irregularly anastomosing ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1564357DEBFB23FF0C" box="[1054,1156,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +group, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB79B15604A7D8AFF02FF63" box="[97,165,195,217]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15604A7D8AFF02FF63" bold="true" box="[97,165,195,217]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Fig. 4E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), forming areoles with or without included veinlets, or regularly anastomosing ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1563987D8DFB91FF62" box="[947,1078,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1563987D8DFB95FF62" box="[947,1074,196,217]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspidioides">S. aspidioides</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB79B1564177D8AFB23FF63" box="[1084,1156,195,217]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1564177D8AFB23FF63" bold="true" box="[1084,1156,195,217]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Fig. 4D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), often with several pairs of veins united below the sinus with excurrent vein running to the sinus; veins reaching laminar margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560BE7C4EFEA1FEA7" bold="true" box="[149,262,263,284]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">aerophores</emphasis> +inconspicuous or absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15622E7C4FFCC7FEA7" bold="true" box="[517,864,262,284]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">indument abaxially and adaxially</emphasis> +of stipes, rachises, costae, veins, and frequently laminar tissue between veins with long and/or short hyaline acicular hairs, these usually unicellular, occasionally with septae in the +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15614B7C03FE61FEE4" box="[352,454,330,351]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +group; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562257C03FDC3FEE4" bold="true" box="[526,612,330,351]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562997C00FD7EFEE4" bold="true" box="[690,729,329,351]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">sori</emphasis> +linear and coalescent along lateral and/or excurrent or irregularly anastomosing veins; indusia absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15626C7C22FD0BFE3A" bold="true" box="[583,684,363,385]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">sporangia</emphasis> +with abundantly setulose capsules; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1564227C22FBECFE3B" bold="true" box="[1033,1099,363,384]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">spores</emphasis> +morphologically coherent within the genus, with non-reticulate echinae or short wings ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B15631A7CC4FC05FE19" author="Wood" box="[817,930,397,419]" firstAuthor="Wood" journalOrPublisher="J. Linn. Soc. Bot." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="191 - 202" part="67" refId="ref115815" refString="WOOD, C. C. 1973. Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 67: 191 - 202." title="Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wood 1973</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1563817CC4FB34FE19" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[938,1171,397,419]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1564B17CC4FF6AFE7F" author="Patel" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560F77CE6FF40FE7F" box="[220,231,431,452]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">x</emphasis> += 36, diploids and tetraploids known, three species counted. No hybrids have been reported. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB79B1560BA7C99FDBFFC8E" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB79B1560BA7C99FDBFFC8E" blockId="94.[97,1226,162,1792]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560BA7C99FE36FE5E" box="[145,401,464,485]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561237C99FE36FE5E" box="[264,401,464,485]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +may be distinguished from all other +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562DD7C99FC3DFE5D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[758,922,464,486]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +by the combination of elongate exindusiate sori, setiferous sporangia, indument on the adaxial laminae between veins, and veins irregularly anastomosing, or with at least three rows of intersegmental areoles below the sinus. The morphology of the +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1564397F5AFBDFFD93" box="[1042,1144,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +group is quite distinctive within the family, with its irregularly anastomosing (pleocnemioid) venation, and laminae hastate and entire ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15608D7F1FFEBDFDD0" box="[166,282,598,619]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifolia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15608D7F1FFEBDFDD0" box="[166,282,598,619]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">S. sagittifolia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or deltate-pinnatifid ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561D17F1FFDFCFDD0" box="[506,603,598,619]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wilfordii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561D17F1FFDFCFDD0" box="[506,603,598,619]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">S. wilfordii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB79B15624D7F1CFD0EFDD1" box="[614,681,597,619]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15624D7F1CFD0EFDD1" bold="true" box="[614,681,597,619]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Fig. 4E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), though these grade into somewhat more elongate laminae with up to six free pinna-pairs in the newly described Vietnamese endemic +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15636C7F3EFBF3FD36" authority="(Chen et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[839,1108,631,653]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15636C7F3EFC0CFD37" box="[839,939,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">S. australis</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B15639E7F3EFBE8FD36" author="Chen" box="[949,1103,631,653]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chen" journalOrPublisher="Syst. Bot." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="768 - 774" part="44" refId="ref107327" refString="CHEN, C. W., L. Y. KUO, Y. H. HUANG, T. C. HSU, M. T. DANG, H. T. LUU, C. W. LI, & Y. M. HUANG. 2019. A new species and a new record of Stegnogramma (Thelypteridaceae; Polypodiales) from southern Vietnam. Syst. Bot. 44: 768 - 774." title="A new species and a new record of Stegnogramma (Thelypteridaceae; Polypodiales) from southern Vietnam" type="journal article" year="2019">Chen et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +.The species of its sister genus, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15613A7FD0FE37FD15" box="[273,400,665,686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15613A7FD0FE37FD15" box="[273,400,665,686]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, tend to be small plants with many pairs of free pinnae, these sometimes incised halfway or more to the costae (vs. pinnae entire to crenate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562567FF3FCA3FD74" box="[637,772,698,719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562567FF3FCA3FD74" box="[637,772,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and usually with free veins, or few pairs anastomosing. The terete rachis (lacking adaxial groove) is also rare in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1563357F95FC77FD49" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[798,976,732,754]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, shared only among the stegnogrammoids, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561337FB4FE01FCA9" box="[280,422,765,786]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561337FB4FE01FCA9" box="[280,422,765,786]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and the three genera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562BE7FB4FCEFFCA8" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[661,840,765,787]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName> +, all of which tend to have laminae more dissected than those of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561147E56FDBFFC8E" box="[319,536,799,821]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561147E56FE6FFC8F" box="[319,456,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +species. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB79B1560BA7E09FBB1FC01" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB79B1560BA7E09FBB1FC01" blockId="94.[97,1226,162,1792]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560BA7E09FE3FFCEE" box="[145,408,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Biogeography and ecology.—</emphasis> +The seven species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562747E09FD4FFCEE" box="[607,744,832,853]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562747E09FD4FFCEE" box="[607,744,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occur predominantly on steep forested slopes and shaded streamsides at lower to middle elevations (to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB79B15627E7E28FD3AFCCC" box="[597,669,865,887]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1750.0">1750 m</quantity> +) of the Paleotropics and subtropics. Members of the genus are most diverse in southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB79B15615D7ECAFE13FC22" box="[374,436,899,921]" name="China" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">China</collectingCountry> +, but extend from East +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB79B1562A17ECAFD18FC22" box="[650,703,899,921]" name="India" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">India</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB79B1562E37ECDFC80FC22" box="[712,807,900,921]" name="Myanmar" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Myanmar</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB79B1563737ECAFC0DFC22" box="[856,938,899,921]" name="Vietnam" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +north to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB79B1564287ECAFBEDFC22" box="[1027,1098,899,921]" name="Taiwan" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB79B1564537ECDFB16FC22" box="[1144,1201,900,921]" name="Japan" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Japan</collectingCountry> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB79B1564927ECAFB6EFC23" box="[1209,1225,899,920]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +single species, the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB79B1561247EECFE9BFC01" box="[271,316,933,954]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15616F7EECFD90FC01" box="[324,567,933,954]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspidioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15616F7EECFD90FC01" box="[324,567,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma aspidioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB79B15626F7EEDFD2EFC02" box="[580,649,932,954]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15626F7EEDFD2EFC02" bold="true" box="[580,649,932,954]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Fig. 4D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), extends into Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB79B1460BA7E8EFCC0FF6C" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB79B1560BA7E8EFEDEFB38" blockId="94.[97,1226,162,1792]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560BA7E8EFE54FC60" box="[145,499,966,988]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.—</emphasis> +The genus was described by Blume in 1828, based on a once-pinnate species with regularly anastomosing veins from +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFB79B1561C27EA1FDB4FC46" box="[489,531,1000,1021]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Java</collectingRegion> +. In his classification of mainland Asian +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1563B37EA1FB6EFC45" authority=", Ching (1963)" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[920,1225,1000,1022]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family"> +Thelypteridaceae, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1564637EA1FB6EFC45" author="Ching" box="[1096,1225,1000,1022]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +recognized +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560F17940FEEFFBA5" box="[218,328,1033,1054]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15617D7940FE40FBA5" box="[342,487,1033,1054]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15617D7940FE40FBA5" box="[342,487,1033,1054]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15620E7943FD0BFBA4" box="[549,684,1034,1055]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15620E7943FD0BFBA4" box="[549,684,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as separate genera, including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1563C07943FBD5FBA4" box="[1003,1138,1034,1055]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1563C07943FBD5FBA4" box="[1003,1138,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in tribe +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15604A7962FF56FBFA" box="[97,241,1067,1089]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Thelypterideae">Thelypterideae</taxonomicName> +based on its free veins, and the others in tribe +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15628A7962FC92FBFA" box="[673,821,1067,1089]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Goniopterideae">Goniopterideae</taxonomicName> +based on their anastomosing veins, noting the clear affinities between +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561577905FE40FBDA" box="[380,487,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562307905FD0DFBDA" box="[539,682,1100,1121]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562307905FD0DFBDA" box="[539,682,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, as demonstrated by the intermediate morphology of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15604A7927FED4FB38" box="[97,371,1134,1155]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dictyoclinoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15604A7927FED4FB38" box="[97,371,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma dictyoclinoides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB79B1560BB79D9FB37FA68" blockId="94.[97,1226,162,1792]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +In his insightful treatment of these taxa, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B15623379C6FD12FB1E" author="Iwatsuki" box="[536,693,1167,1189]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 10" part="31" refId="ref110356" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 a. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 10." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Iwatsuki (1964a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B15629579C6FD5CFB1E" author="Iwatsuki" box="[702,763,1167,1189]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 40" part="31" refId="ref110412" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 b. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 40." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">1964b</bibRefCitation> +) united all three genera under a broadly defined genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15608979F8FE96FB7D" box="[162,305,1201,1222]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15608979F8FE96FB7D" box="[162,305,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which he subdivided into four subgenera, based on characters of indument and venation; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15604A799BFF6AFB5C" box="[97,205,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline,</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1560F8799AFE46FB5C" authority=", Haplogramma" authorityName="Haplogramma" box="[211,481,1234,1256]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560F8799AFEF5FB53" box="[211,338,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Leptogramma</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B156175799BFE46FB5C" box="[350,481,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Haplogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561C5799AFDDAFB53" box="[494,637,1235,1256]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561C5799AFDDAFB53" box="[494,637,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. His concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B156330799AFC03FB53" box="[795,932,1235,1256]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B156330799AFC03FB53" box="[795,932,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was adopted by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B15646C799BFB60FB53" author="PPG I" box="[1095,1223,1234,1256]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">PPG I (2016)</bibRefCitation> +. Recent phylogenetic evidence ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1561A279BDFDB9FAB1" author="Kuo" box="[393,542,1268,1290]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +) supports the divisions proposed by Iwatsuki, with a few refinements, notably that +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560F3785CFE99FA91" box="[216,318,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +is nested within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561CA785FFDCDFA90" box="[481,618,1302,1323]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561CA785FFDCDFA90" box="[481,618,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and that the species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B156366785FFC71FA90" box="[845,982,1302,1323]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B156366785FFC71FA90" box="[845,982,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +plus +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B156422785CFBC8FA91" box="[1033,1135,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +are sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B156050787EFF5BFAF7" box="[123,252,1335,1356]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B156050787EFF5BFAF7" box="[123,252,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +plus a slightly revised +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561F4787EFDC3FAF7" box="[479,612,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Haplogramma</emphasis> +. We adopt the two-genus classification proposed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B156441787EFF38FAD5" author="Kuo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +, in which +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1560D57810FE20FAD5" box="[254,391,1369,1390]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560D57810FE20FAD5" box="[254,391,1369,1390]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(including +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561D97811FDF1FAD6" box="[498,598,1368,1389]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +) comprises seven species and is distinguished by irregularly anastomosing veins, or with regularly anastomosing veins, and three or more intersegmental areoles below the sinus. Thus defined, the genus is restricted to South and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB79B15622878D5FDFBFA0A" box="[515,604,1435,1457]" name="China" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">East Asia</collectingCountry> +, while +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562B578D5FCB9FA0A" box="[670,798,1436,1457]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562B578D5FCB9FA0A" box="[670,798,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is recognized by free veins, or with up to two intersegmental areoles between main lateral veins, and is distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB79B1560B97896FE5DF927" blockId="94.[97,1226,162,1792]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +In recent phylogenetic analyses ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1561F77897FDD1FA48" author="Luo" box="[476,630,1502,1524]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Luo" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="81 - 88" part="376" refId="ref111646" refString="LUO, J., R. MO, H. J. WEI, X. L. DAI, Y. H. YAN, & H. SHANG. 2018. Stegnogramma leptogrammoides (Thelypteridaceae), its discovery in China, and synonymy. Phytotaxa 376: 81 - 88." title="Stegnogramma leptogrammoides (Thelypteridaceae), its discovery in China, and synonymy" type="journal article" year="2018">Luo et al. 2018</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1562AA7897FC88FA48" author="Patel" box="[641,815,1502,1524]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1563127896FC73FA48" author="Kuo" box="[825,980,1502,1524]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15604A7B49FF4DF9AE" box="[97,234,1536,1557]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15604A7B49FF4DF9AE" box="[97,234,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561307B49FE3CF9AE" box="[283,411,1536,1557]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1561307B49FE3CF9AE" box="[283,411,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are well-supported as sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562E17B49FCEFF9AE" box="[714,840,1536,1557]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562E17B49FCEFF9AE" box="[714,840,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +on a long branch, together forming the stegnogrammoid subclade, which diverged early within the larger cyclosoroid clade ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB79B1563837B68FC78F98D" box="[936,991,1569,1591]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1563837B68FC78F98D" bold="true" box="[936,991,1569,1591]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). The +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15640B7B68FB2FF98D" box="[1056,1160,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Dictyocline</emphasis> +group ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560427B0AFD68F9E3" box="[105,719,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1560427B0AFEE0F9E3" box="[105,327,1603,1624]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">Stegnogramma australis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561657B0AFE16F9E3" box="[334,433,1603,1624]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griffithii">S. griffithii</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1561927B0AFDF5F9E3" box="[441,594,1603,1624]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mingchegensis">S. mingchegensis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562717B0AFD68F9E3" box="[602,719,1603,1624]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifolia">S. sagittifolia</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15632A7B0AFCC7F9E3" box="[769,864,1603,1624]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wilfordii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15632A7B0AFCC7F9E3" box="[769,864,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">S. wilfordii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) is subtended by a grade that includes the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB79B1560AD7B2CFF14F9C1" box="[134,179,1637,1658]" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1560967B2CFE9DF9C2" box="[189,314,1636,1658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspidioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1560967B2CFE9DF9C2" box="[189,314,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">S. aspidioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B15615A7B2CFDA8F9C2" box="[369,527,1636,1658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dictyoclinoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B15615A7B2CFDA8F9C2" box="[369,527,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">S. dictyoclinoides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1562377B2DFD15F9C2" author="Kuo" box="[540,690,1636,1658]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press), rendering subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1564147B2CFE98F927" authority="sensu Iwatsuki (1964 b)" authorityName="sensu Iwatsuki" authorityYear="1964" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1564147B2CFB6EF9C1" box="[1087,1225,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +sensu +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB79B1560B77BCFFE98F927" author="Iwatsuki" box="[156,319,1670,1692]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="94" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 40" part="31" refId="ref110412" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 b. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 40." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">Iwatsuki (1964b)</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +non-monophyletic. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB79B1460B97BE1FCC0FF6C" blockId="94.[97,1226,162,1792]" lastBlockId="95.[121,1250,162,311]" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="94" pageNumber="84"> +In both coalescent and concatenated analyses of a large phylogenomic dataset (Fawcett et al. in press), two Hawaiian species, treated in the newly described genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB79B1562AA7B80FD72F965" box="[641,725,1737,1758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB79B1562AA7B80FD72F965" box="[641,725,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="84">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, are sister to the rest of the stegnogrammoid clade. However, these trees were inferred using methods that assume bifurcating evolution. Evidence from individual gene trees, and plastid loci, suggests this lineage may be of deep hybrid origin involving +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1463A47DEBFBA8FF0C" box="[911,1039,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463A47DEBFBA8FF0C" box="[911,1039,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1464167DEBFB16FF0C" box="[1085,1201,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464167DEBFB16FF0C" box="[1085,1201,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; this hypothesis is the subject of ongoing investigation (Fawcett, Kuo, et al. in prep.). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB69B1460827DABFD3CFE8C" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460827DABFD3CFE8C" blockId="95.[121,1250,162,311]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460827DABFEF0FF4C" box="[169,343,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461557DABFD14FF4C" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[382,691,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspidioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461557DABFDD6FF4D" box="[382,625,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Stegnogramma aspidioides</emphasis> +Blume +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB69B1462EB7DABFCA0FF4C" box="[704,775,226,247]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462EB7DABFCA0FF4C" bold="true" box="[704,775,226,247]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Fig. 4D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14630F7DABFBC2FF4C" authority="C. W. Chen & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="C. W. Chen & L. Y. Kuo" box="[804,1125,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14630F7DABFC2FFF4D" box="[804,904,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. australis</emphasis> +C.W. Chen & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14645C7DABFF51FEAC" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dictyoclinoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14645C7DABFF13FEAD" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. dictyoclinoides</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461217C4BFD96FEAC" authority="(T. Moore) K. Iwats." authorityName="K. Iwats." baseAuthorityName="T. Moore" box="[266,561,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griffithii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461217C4BFECBFEAD" box="[266,364,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. griffithii</emphasis> +(T. Moore) K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462687C4BFBA6FEAC" authority="(Ching) X. C. Zhang & L. J. He" authorityName="X. C. Zhang & L. J. He" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[579,1025,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mingchegensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462687C4BFD7BFEAD" box="[579,732,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. mingchegensis</emphasis> +(Ching) X.C. Zhang & L.J. He +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14643F7C4BFB7AFEAC" authority="(Ching)" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[1044,1245,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifolia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14643F7C4BFB2CFEAD" box="[1044,1163,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. sagittifolia</emphasis> +(Ching) +</taxonomicName> +, L. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB69B1460A77C6BFF31FE8C" box="[140,150,290,311]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode> +. He & X. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB69B1460C77C6BFF5AFE8C" box="[236,253,290,311]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Zhang; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461737C6BFD9AFE8C" authority="(Hook.) Seriz" authorityName="Seriz" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[344,573,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wilfordii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461737C6BFE1EFE8D" box="[344,441,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. wilfordii</emphasis> +(Hook.) Seriz +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB69B1462607C6BFD29FE8C" box="[587,654,290,311]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462607C6BFD29FE8C" bold="true" box="[587,654,290,311]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Fig. 4E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B16604A7EC4FDE9FABC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B16604A7EC4FDE9FABC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d0bf970a480 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B16604A7EC4FDE9FABC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1151 @@ +<document id="B0F93E423860F7AE904482C7F593FA56" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB59B16604A7EC4FDE9FABC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Sphaerostephanos womersleyi S. 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Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="0C5A47996DAFD8F4477A29529610D7C0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="00995187D1333E759418960062107485"> +<mods:title id="72D8B1178133C8B8475A1FC9228C747D">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="8CBA088621EB258DE307E101D13A8DEB" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8634D272E73765C4B29BE87F73FB9BBB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="923B4807B1EE89E54ABD364072A33F52">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="93D7E67F3751D2E2AABE7393308E4381">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="AF574999E11B56D44DE89BECAFB9D95A" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="C1B269D994F8754B94D978F2474A56F3"> +<mods:roleTerm id="46498EA9DA8B09C11133E97903BA576D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="399A6DC3E741A62A685D68531B1EFAB6">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="15990269EF8FB2C4B41D2D4FFC2D8ADF">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="1AC0A059BD670B9382448FC5E304FC0D"> +<mods:dateIssued id="B707A78DF3F79735D6BA077B8ADE9345">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="0255071A990A5DEFDDA045D4881B7FAD">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="F6206EDD7495DB2F4D566683126458FE"> +<mods:placeTerm id="3C4BA8BC97419ED8D29524438ACD453B">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="2F73139BE110D70F42FB5345D624FEF2">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFB59B16604A7EC4FDE9FABC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFB59B16604A7EC4FDE9FABC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFB59B16604A7EC4FDE9FABC" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB59B17604A7EC4FC98FC1A" box="[97,831,908,930]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB59B17604A7EC4FC98FC1A" blockId="92.[97,1228,161,956]" box="[97,831,908,930]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFB59B17604A7EC4FC98FC1A" box="[97,831,908,930]" level="2" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17604A7EC4FD68FC19" ID-CoL="8RTZ4" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,719,909,930]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="womersleyi" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17604A7EC4FE34FC19" bold="true" box="[97,403,909,930]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Sphaerostephanos womersleyi</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762FD7EC5FC98FC1A" bold="true" box="[726,831,908,929]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB59B1762FD7EC5FC98FC1A" box="[726,831,908,929]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB59B1763147ED9FF6BFC07" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB59B1763147ED9FF6BFC07" blockId="92.[97,1228,161,956]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763147ED9FCF5FC1A" box="[831,850,912,929]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB59B1763787ED9FF6FFC07" author="Holttum" journal="Blumea" page="108" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" score="3.24319811522761" volume="20" year="1972"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763787ED9FB2AFC19" ID-CoL="8RDMH" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[851,1165,912,930]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="womersleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763787ED9FBADFC1A" box="[851,1034,912,929]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Pronephrium womersleyi</emphasis> +Holttum,Blumea +</taxonomicName> +20:108. 1972 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB59B16604A7E9BFC64FC79" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB59B16604A7E9BFC64FC79" blockId="92.[97,1227,978,1833]" lastBlockId="93.[121,1251,162,1288]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17604A7E9BFEB3FC5C" box="[97,276,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761197E9BFCABFC53" ID-CoL="4YS64" authority="(Desv.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[306,780,978,1000]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acrostichoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761197E9BFDC3FC5C" box="[306,612,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Sphaerostephanos acrostichoides</emphasis> +(Desv.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17633D7E9BFBFFFC53" ID-CoL="4YS65" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[790,1112,978,1000]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenostegius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17633D7E9BFC02FC5C" box="[790,933,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. adenostegius</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1764497E9BFEA1FBB3" ID-CoL="4YS66" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alatellus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1764497E9BFB6EFC5C" box="[1122,1225,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. alatellus</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761267EBBFD94FBB3" ID-CoL="4YS67" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[269,563,1010,1032]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albosetosus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761267EBBFE2DFBBC" box="[269,394,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. albosetosus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762117EBBFDE2FBBC" box="[570,581,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17626E7EBBFD58FBB3" ID-CoL="4YS68" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[581,767,1010,1032]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alcasidii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17626E7EBBFD00FBBC" box="[581,679,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. alcasidii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17632D7EBBFC11FBB3" ID-CoL="4YS69" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[774,950,1010,1032]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpinus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17632D7EBBFCF9FBBC" box="[774,862,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. alpinus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763967EBBFBC9FBB3" ID-CoL="6YVY2" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[957,1134,1010,1032]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alticola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763967EBBFBB1FBBC" box="[957,1046,1010,1031]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. alticola</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17645D7EBBFF52FB93" ID-CoL="4YS6B" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustibasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17645D7EBBFF3BFB9C" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. angustibasis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1760D6795BFDE7FB93" ID-CoL="4YS6C" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[253,576,1042,1064]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1760D6795BFE2FFB9C" box="[253,392,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. angustifolius</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176262795BFDF3FB9C" box="[585,596,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176278795BFC06FB93" ID-CoL="4YS6D" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[595,929,1042,1064]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176278795BFD52FB9C" box="[595,757,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. appendiculatus</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176382795BFB1CFB93" ID-CoL="6YW9Q" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[937,1211,1042,1064]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176382795BFBA8FB9C" box="[937,1039,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. aquatilis</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +;* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17604A797BFED8FBF3" ID-CoL="8SCGJ" authority="(Willd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[97,383,1074,1096]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arbuscula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17604A797BFF75FBFC" box="[97,210,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. arbuscula</emphasis> +(Willd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761A2797BFE33FBFC" box="[393,404,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761BF797BFD1AFBF3" ID-CoL="4YS6G" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[404,701,1074,1096]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="archboldii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761BF797BFDA0FBFC" box="[404,519,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. archboldii</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762ED797BFC4FFBF3" ID-CoL="4YS6H" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[710,1000,1074,1096]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arfakianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762ED797BFCE7FBFC" box="[710,832,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. arfakianus</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763DA797BFC5BFBFC" box="[1009,1020,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763D7797BFF12FBD3" ID-CoL="4YS6K" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atasripii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763D7797BFBC6FBFC" box="[1020,1121,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. atasripii</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176096791BFE69FBD3" ID-CoL="4YS6L" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[189,462,1106,1128]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austerus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176096791BFE86FBDC" box="[189,289,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. austerus</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761FD791BFCA2FBD3" ID-CoL="4YS6M" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[470,773,1106,1128]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baramensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761FD791BFDF2FBDC" box="[470,597,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. baramensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176326791BFBDBFBD3" ID-CoL="8RFBR" authority="(Harr.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Harr." box="[781,1148,1106,1128]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176326791BFCF9FBDC" box="[781,862,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. bakeri</emphasis> +(Harr.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1764A8791BFEFEFB33" ID-CoL="4YS6N" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batacorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1764A8791BFF3BFB3C" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. batacorum</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17614B793BFECCFB3C" box="[352,363,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176140793BFD02FB33" ID-CoL="4YS6P" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[363,677,1138,1160]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batjanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176140793BFE4FFB3C" box="[363,488,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. batjanensis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176287793BFC34FB33" ID-CoL="4YS6Q" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[684,915,1138,1160]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batulantensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176287793BFC9BFB3C" box="[684,828,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. batulantensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17638D793BFF77FB13" ID-CoL="8R8P8" authority="(Ces.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Ces." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccarianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17638D793BFB8FFB3C" box="[934,1064,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. beccarianus</emphasis> +(Ces.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB59B1760F679DAFEF2FB1C" box="[221,341,1170,1192]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1760F679DAFEF2FB1C" bold="true" box="[221,341,1170,1192]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Figs. 7A, 7B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17614279DBFE4DFB1C" box="[361,490,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB59B17614279DBFED0FB1C" box="[361,375,1170,1191]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. benoitianus +</emphasis> +(Gaudich.) Holttum; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762EE79DBFC04FB13" ID-CoL="4YS6S" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[709,931,1170,1192]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="braithwaitei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762EE79DBFCEDFB1C" box="[709,842,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. braithwaitei</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17639C79DBFEABFB73" ID-CoL="8RTV2" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brauseanus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17639C79DBFB91FB1C" box="[951,1078,1170,1191]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. brauseanus</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17613F79FBFD70FB73" ID-CoL="8RV3C" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[276,727,1202,1224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulusanicus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17613F79FBFE30FB7C" box="[276,407,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. bulusanicus</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762C279FBFBA3FB73" ID-CoL="4YS6T" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[745,1028,1202,1224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762C279FBFCFEFB7C" box="[745,857,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. canescens</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17642779FBFB08FB73" ID-CoL="6Z7XQ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1036,1199,1202,1224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carrii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17642779FBFBF1FB7C" box="[1036,1110,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. carrii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17649C79FBFE37FB53" ID-CoL="4YS6V" authority="P. M. Zamora & Co" authorityName="P. M. Zamora & Co" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cartilagidens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17649C79FBFF7FFB5C" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. cartilagidens</emphasis> +P.M. Zamora & Co +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761BC799BFC3FFB5C" ID-CoL="4YS6W" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lorence) A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" box="[407,920,1234,1256]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761BC799BFDA1FB5C" box="[407,518,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S.castaneus</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lorence) A.R.Sm. & Lorence +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17638B799BFC0DFB5C" box="[928,938,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176381799BFE88FAB3" ID-CoL="4YS6X" authority="(W. H. Wagner & Grether) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="W. H. Wagner & Grether" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataractorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176381799BFB9CFB5C" box="[938,1083,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. cataractorum</emphasis> +(W.H.Wagner & Grether) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17611179BBFDB4FAB3" ID-CoL="4YS6Y" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[314,531,1266,1288]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caulescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17611179BBFE12FABC" box="[314,437,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. caulescens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17623579BBFD8EFABC" box="[542,553,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17620379BBFCF6FAB3" ID-CoL="4YS6Z" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[552,849,1266,1288]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17620379BBFD3FFABC" box="[552,664,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. confertus</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17637079BBFB9EFAB3" ID-CoL="4YS72" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[859,1081,1266,1288]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="convergens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17637079BBFC7BFABC" box="[859,988,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. convergens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17646879BBFEB3FA93" ID-CoL="4YS74" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyrtocaulos"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17646879BBFB6EFABC" box="[1091,1225,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. cyrtocaulos</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176136785BFDAFFA93" ID-CoL="4YS75" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[285,520,1298,1320]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="daymanianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176136785BFE17FA9C" box="[285,432,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. daymanianus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17623B785BFCA6FA93" ID-CoL="4YS76" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[528,769,1298,1320]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17623B785BFDC6FA9C" box="[528,609,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. debilis</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17633F785BFB84FA93" ID-CoL="4YS77" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[788,1059,1298,1320]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decadens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17633F785BFCD9FA9C" box="[788,894,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. decadens</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17641D785BFE91FAF3" ID-CoL="4YS78" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichrotrichoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17641D785BFFD8FAFC" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. dichrotrichoides</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176114787BFDDFFAF3" ID-CoL="4YS79" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[319,632,1330,1352]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichrotrichus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176114787BFE6AFAFC" box="[319,461,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. dichrotrichus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762AB787BFCD0FAF3" ID-CoL="6Z7Y2" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[640,887,1330,1352]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimidiolobatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762AB787BFCB9FAFC" box="[640,798,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. dimidiolobatus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176354787BFB17FAF3" ID-CoL="4YS7B" authority="(Copel.) M. G. Price" authorityName="M. G. Price" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[895,1200,1330,1352]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diminutus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176354787BFC56FAFC" box="[895,1009,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. diminutus</emphasis> +(Copel.) M.G. Price +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17649C787BFED7FAD3" ID-CoL="4YS7C" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17649C787BFF63FADC" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. dimorphus</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17615C781BFD09FAD3" ID-CoL="4YS7D" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[375,686,1362,1384]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversilobus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17615C781BFE5EFADC" box="[375,505,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. diversilobus</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17629E781BFD67FADC" box="[693,704,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176294781BFC7AFAD3" ID-CoL="6Z89Q" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[703,989,1362,1384]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176294781BFC92FADC" box="[703,821,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S.doodioides</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB59B1763C2781AFB8CFAD3" box="[1001,1067,1363,1384]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763C2781AFB8CFAD3" bold="true" box="[1001,1067,1363,1384]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Fig. 2E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176416781BFEBDFA33" ID-CoL="4YS7F" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinosporus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176416781BFB6EFADC" box="[1085,1225,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. echinosporus</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17610E783BFE49FA33" ID-CoL="4YS7G" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[293,494,1394,1416]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="efogensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17610E783BFE36FA3C" box="[293,401,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. efogensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761D3783BFD6CFA33" ID-CoL="4YS7H" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[504,715,1393,1416]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ekutiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761D3783BFDC9FA3D" box="[504,622,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. ekutiensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762FE783BFBAEFA33" ID-CoL="4YS7K" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[725,1033,1393,1416]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ellipticus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762FE783BFCE6FA3D" box="[725,833,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. ellipticus</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17643F783BFF12FA13" ID-CoL="4YS7M" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eminens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17643F783BFBDEFA3C" box="[1044,1145,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. eminens</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17609478DBFE63FA13" ID-CoL="4YS7N" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[191,452,1426,1448]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erectus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17609478DBFEB0FA1C" box="[191,279,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. erectus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761E578DBFD26FA13" ID-CoL="4YS7P" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[462,641,1426,1448]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erwinii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761E578DBFD80FA1C" box="[462,551,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. erwinii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762A178DBFCD7FA13" ID-CoL="4YS7Q" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[650,880,1425,1448]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exindusiatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762A178DBFCB1FA1D" box="[650,790,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. exindusiatus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17635178DBFBF4FA13" ID-CoL="4YS7S" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[890,1107,1425,1448]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavoviridis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17635178DBFC5FFA1D" box="[890,1016,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. flavoviridis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17647778DBFF12FA73" ID-CoL="4YS7T" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliolosus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17647778DBFB6FFA1D" box="[1116,1224,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. foliolosus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17609678FBFE28FA73" ID-CoL="6YVXR" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[189,399,1457,1480]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foxworthyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17609678FBFE91FA7D" box="[189,310,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. foxworthyi</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761BC78FBFDDBFA73" ID-CoL="4YS7V" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[407,636,1457,1480]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gaudichaudii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761BC78FBFD83FA7D" box="[407,548,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. gaudichaudii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762AF78FBFD28FA7C" box="[644,655,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762A478FBFB9BFA73" ID-CoL="8RTVT" authority="(Blume) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[655,1084,1457,1480]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762A478FBFCB5FA7D" box="[655,786,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. glandulosus</emphasis> +(Blume) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17646F78FBFF12FA53" ID-CoL="4YS7W" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17646F78FBFB6EFA7D" box="[1092,1225,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. grandescens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176094789BFE7BFA53" ID-CoL="4YS7X" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[191,476,1490,1512]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gregarius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176094789BFE89FA5C" box="[191,302,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. gregarius</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761CD789BFD69FA53" ID-CoL="4YS7Y" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[486,718,1489,1512]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnorachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761CD789BFDD4FA5D" box="[486,627,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. gymnorachis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762F3789BFBAFFA53" ID-CoL="4YS7Z" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[728,1032,1489,1512]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hamiferus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762F3789BFCEAFA5D" box="[728,845,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hamiferus</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B176436789BFEB6F9B3" ID-CoL="4YS82" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastatopinnatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B176436789BFB6EFA5D" box="[1053,1225,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hastatopinnatus</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17613778BBFDA4F9B3" ID-CoL="4YS83" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[284,515,1521,1544]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hellwigensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17613778BBFE01F9BD" box="[284,422,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hellwigensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17622578BBFD56F9B3" ID-CoL="4YS84" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[526,753,1521,1544]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hendersonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17622578BBFD33F9BD" box="[526,660,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hendersonii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762D778BBFC6CF9B3" ID-CoL="4YS85" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[764,971,1521,1544]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hernaezii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762D778BBFCC9F9BD" box="[764,878,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hernaezii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763CA78BBFBD5F9BD" box="[993,1138,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB59B1763CA78BBFC57F9BC" box="[993,1008,1522,1543]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. heterocarpos +</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB59B1760EB7B5AFEA1F993" box="[192,262,1555,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1760EB7B5AFEA1F993" bold="true" box="[192,262,1555,1576]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Fig. 2K</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761327B5BFD44F993" ID-CoL="8RV2D" authority="(C. Presl) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[281,739,1553,1576]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761327B5BFE0DF99D" box="[281,426,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. heterophyllus</emphasis> +(C. Presl) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762DE7B5BFBF3F993" ID-CoL="4YS87" authority="(Kunze ex Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[757,1108,1553,1576]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762DE7B5BFCF1F99D" box="[757,854,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hirsutus</emphasis> +(Kunze ex Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1764767B5BFE9CF9F3" ID-CoL="4YS89" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1764767B5BFF25F9FD" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hispidifolius</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17616F7B7BFD3FF9F3" ID-CoL="6YVY3" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[324,664,1585,1608]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispiduliformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17616F7B7BFE43F9FD" box="[324,484,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hispiduliformis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762897B7BFCC0F9F3" ID-CoL="4YS8B" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[674,871,1585,1608]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hoalensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762897B7BFCA9F9FD" box="[674,782,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hoalensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17635B7B7BFB09F9F3" ID-CoL="4YS8C" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[880,1198,1585,1608]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hochreutineri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17635B7B7BFBA4F9FD" box="[880,1027,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. hochreutineri</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1764937B7BFF5AF9D3" ID-CoL="4YS8D" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1764937B7BFF02F9DD" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. humilis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17612D7B1BFE7CF9D3" ID-CoL="6YW9R" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[262,475,1618,1640]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immucosus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17612D7B1BFE25F9DC" box="[262,386,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. immucosus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761C57B1BFCD7F9D3" ID-CoL="8RTVL" authority="(Copel.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[494,880,1618,1640]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incisus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761C57B1BFDE4F9DC" box="[494,579,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. incisus</emphasis> +(Copel.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17635C7B1BFB08F9D3" ID-CoL="4YS8F" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[887,1199,1618,1640]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inconspicuus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17635C7B1BFBA4F9DC" box="[887,1027,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. inconspicuus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1764937B1BFEB9F933" ID-CoL="4YS8G" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indrapurae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1764937B1BFF61F93D" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. indrapurae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17610C7B3BFE54F933" ID-CoL="32XS2" authority="S. J. Lin" authorityName="S. J. Lin" box="[295,499,1649,1672]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17610C7B3BFE0EF93D" box="[295,425,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. intermedius</emphasis> +S.J. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761D77B3BFCA8F933" ID-CoL="4YS8K" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[508,783,1650,1672]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="irayensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761D77B3BFDC3F93C" box="[508,612,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. irayensis</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17633C7B3BFC56F933" ID-CoL="4YS8L" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[791,1009,1649,1672]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isomorphus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17633C7B3BFC3FF93D" box="[791,920,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. isomorphus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763D27B3BFB61F933" ID-CoL="4YS8M" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1017,1222,1649,1672]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kalkmanii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763D27B3BFBCAF93D" box="[1017,1133,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. kalkmanii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1760477BDBFEB6F913" ID-CoL="4YS8Q" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[108,273,1681,1704]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lamii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1760477BDBFF13F91D" box="[108,180,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. lamii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17610D7BDBFD9BF913" ID-CoL="4YS8R" authority="(Bedd.) C. Chr." authorityName="C. Chr." baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[294,572,1681,1704]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="larutensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17610D7BDBFE3CF91D" box="[294,411,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. larutensis</emphasis> +(Bedd.) C. Chr. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17627B7BDBFC29F913" ID-CoL="4YS8S" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[592,910,1681,1704]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lastreoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17627B7BDBFD6BF91D" box="[592,716,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. lastreoides</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763887BDBFF12F973" ID-CoL="4YS8T" authority="(Kunze ex Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latebrosus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763887BDBFBBDF91D" box="[931,1050,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. latebrosus</emphasis> +(Kunze ex Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1760947BFBFE57F973" ID-CoL="6Z7XR" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[191,496,1713,1736]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lithophyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1760947BFBFEE6F97D" box="[191,321,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. lithophyllus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761D17BFBFC95F973" ID-CoL="4YS8V" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[506,818,1713,1736]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lobangensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761D17BFBFDDBF97D" box="[506,636,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. lobangensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763177BFBFBE2F973" ID-CoL="4YS8W" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[828,1093,1713,1736]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lobatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763177BFBFC30F97D" box="[828,919,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. lobatus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17647B7BFBFEAFF953" ID-CoL="4YS8X" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loherianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17647B7BFBFB6EF97D" box="[1104,1225,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. loherianus</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761397B9BFCD3F953" ID-CoL="7C7TC" authority="(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats. & M. Kato" box="[274,884,1745,1768]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longbawanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761397B9BFE1DF95D" box="[274,442,1745,1767]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. longbawanensis</emphasis> +(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763A37B9BFEAAF8B3" ID-CoL="4YS92" authority="(W. H. Wagner & Grether) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="W. H. Wagner & Grether" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maemonensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763A37B9BFBBBF95C" box="[904,1052,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. maemonensis</emphasis> +(W.H. Wagner & Grether) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17610A7BBBFD88F8B3" ID-CoL="4YS93" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[289,559,1778,1800]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17610A7BBBFE26F8BC" box="[289,385,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. magnus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762137BBBFC93F8B3" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[568,820,1778,1800]" genus="The" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="major"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762137BBBFD20F8BC" box="[568,647,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. major</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763157BBBFB89F8B3" ID-CoL="4YS95" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[830,1070,1777,1800]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="makassaricus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763157BBBFC73F8BD" box="[830,980,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. makassaricus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1764137BBBFE40F89C" ID-CoL="4YS96" authority="(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats. & M. Kato" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maximus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1764137BBBFB02F8BC" box="[1080,1189,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. maximus</emphasis> +(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761C57A5BFC18F89C" ID-CoL="8R8RC" authority="(Copel.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[494,959,1810,1833]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanophlebius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761C57A5BFD34F89C" box="[494,659,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. melanophlebius</emphasis> +(Copel.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763EC7A5BFB08F893" ID-CoL="4YS97" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[967,1199,1810,1832]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanorachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763EC7A5BFBF1F89C" box="[967,1110,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. melanorachis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B16649C7A5BFE99FF03" ID-CoL="4YS98" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="83" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menadensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B16649C7A5BFF42FF0C" italics="true" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">S. menadensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16616C7DEBFD88FF03" ID-CoL="4YS99" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[327,559,162,184]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mengenianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16616C7DEBFE72FF0C" box="[327,469,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. mengenianus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16621C7DEBFCE1FF03" ID-CoL="6Z7Y3" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[567,838,162,184]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="metcalfei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16621C7DEBFD06FF0C" box="[567,673,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. metcalfei</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663647DEBFF07FF6C" ID-CoL="8R8RD" authority="(Christ) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microlonchus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663647DEBFC78FF0C" box="[847,991,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. microlonchus</emphasis> +(Christ) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660827D8BFD34FF6C" ID-CoL="8RTXP" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[169,659,194,217]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micropinnatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660827D8BFEE1FF63" box="[169,326,194,216]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. micropinnatus</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662B77D8BFCDAFF63" ID-CoL="4YS9B" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[668,893,194,216]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mindorensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662B77D8BFC83FF6C" box="[668,804,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. mindorensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[name unaccounted for in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB49B1664A37D8BFF0AFF42" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum, 1982</bibRefCitation> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660977DAAFE2DFF43" ID-CoL="4YS9C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[188,394,226,248]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mjobergii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660977DAAFE8AFF4C" box="[188,301,226,248]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. mjobergii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661BF7DAAFD26FF43" ID-CoL="4YS9D" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[404,641,226,248]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morotaiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661BF7DAAFD83FF43" box="[404,548,227,248]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. morotaiensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662A07DAAFCF6FF43" ID-CoL="6Z89R" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[651,849,226,248]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moseleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662A07DAAFD53FF4C" box="[651,756,226,248]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. moseleyi</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663777DAAFB62FF43" ID-CoL="4YS9F" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[860,1221,226,249]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiauriculatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663777DAAFBB5FF4C" box="[860,1042,226,248]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. multiauriculatus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664E47DAAFE88FEA2" ID-CoL="4YS9G" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muluensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664E47DAAFF72FEA3" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. muluensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661127C4AFDFCFEA2" ID-CoL="4YS9H" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[313,603,259,282]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mundus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661127C4AFE3EFEA3" box="[313,409,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. mundus</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16624E7C4AFC24FEA2" ID-CoL="4YS9J" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[613,899,259,282]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mutabilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16624E7C4AFD75FEA3" box="[613,722,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. mutabilis</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663A67C4AFBE8FEA2" ID-CoL="4YS9K" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[909,1103,259,281]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nakaikei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663A67C4AFC53FEA3" box="[909,1012,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. nakaikei</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664727C4AFF6AFE82" ID-CoL="4YS9L" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neotoppingii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664727C4AFB46FEA2" box="[1113,1249,259,281]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. neotoppingii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660FE7C6DFE57FE82" ID-CoL="4YS9M" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[213,496,291,314]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="norrisii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660FE7C6DFE96FE82" box="[213,305,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. norrisii</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661D27C6DFCA3FE82" ID-CoL="4YS9N" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[505,772,291,313]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novae-britanniae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661D27C6DFD0DFE83" box="[505,682,291,313]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. novae-britanniae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16633C7C6DFBC0FE82" ID-CoL="4YS9P" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[791,1127,291,314]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novoguineensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16633C7C6DFC1FFE82" box="[791,952,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. novoguineensis</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16645B7C6DFF6AFEE1" ID-CoL="4YS9Q" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudisorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16645B7C6DFB46FE83" box="[1136,1249,291,313]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. nudisorus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660FE7C0DFDB6FEE1" ID-CoL="4YS9R" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[213,529,324,347]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660FE7C0DFEF5FEE2" box="[213,338,324,345]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. obtusifolius</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662327C0DFD4FFEE1" ID-CoL="4YS9S" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[537,744,324,346]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="omatianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662327C0DFD37FEE1" box="[537,656,324,346]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. omatianus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662D07C0DFC5CFEE1" ID-CoL="4YS9T" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[763,1019,324,347]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oosorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662D07C0DFCF0FEE1" box="[763,855,324,346]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. oosorus</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664287C0DFF6AFEC1" ID-CoL="6YVXW" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paripinnatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664287C0DFB29FEE1" box="[1027,1166,324,346]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. paripinnatus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660FD7C2CFE40FEC1" ID-CoL="4YS9W" authority="(Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[214,487,356,379]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penniger"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660FD7C2CFE9BFEC1" box="[214,316,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. penniger</emphasis> +(Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661D17C2CFC6CFEC1" ID-CoL="8RTZG" authority="(Rosenst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[506,971,356,379]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661D17C2CFD21FEC2" box="[506,646,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pentaphyllus</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663FF7C2CFF6AFE20" ID-CoL="4YS9X" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perglanduliferus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663FF7C2CFB27FEC2" box="[980,1152,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. perglanduliferus</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660FE7CCCFD53FE21" ID-CoL="4YS9Y" authority="(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats. & M. Kato" box="[213,756,389,410]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petiolatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660FE7CCCFEE2FE21" box="[213,325,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. petiolatus</emphasis> +(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662D77CCCFC7EFE20" ID-CoL="4YS9Z" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[764,985,389,411]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosissimus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662D77CCCFC27FE21" box="[764,896,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pilosissimus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663C97CCCFE8FFE01" authority="(Racib.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Racib." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosiusculis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663C97CCCFBC0FE21" box="[994,1127,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pilosiusculis</emphasis> +(Racib.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16611A7CEFFD3BFE00" ID-CoL="6YVY8" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[305,668,421,444]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilososquamatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16611A7CEFFE46FE01" box="[305,481,421,443]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pilososquamatus</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16628D7CEFFC71FE00" ID-CoL="6YW9W" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[678,982,421,444]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plurifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16628D7CEFFCBCFE01" box="[678,795,421,443]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. plurifolius</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663CB7CEFFB62FE00" ID-CoL="6Z7XW" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[992,1221,421,443]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plurivenosus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663CB7CEFFBCCFE01" box="[992,1131,421,443]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. plurivenosus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664E47CEFFE94FE67" ID-CoL="6Z7Y8" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polisianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664E47CEFFF70FE60" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. polisianus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661637C8FFE64FE60" box="[328,451,454,475]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1661637C8FFEF1FE60" box="[328,342,454,475]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. polycarpos +</emphasis> +(Blume) Copel. ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB49B1662447C8FFD1FFE60" box="[623,696,454,476]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662447C8FFD1FFE60" bold="true" box="[623,696,454,476]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Fig. 2D</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662FC7C8FFC56FE67" ID-CoL="6YVXX" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[727,1009,454,477]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyotis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662FC7C8FFC9FFE60" box="[727,824,454,475]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. polyotis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663D07C8FFF69FE47" ID-CoL="6YVY9" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porphyricola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663D07C8FFB2CFE60" box="[1019,1163,454,475]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. porphyricola</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660F37CAEFEEDFE40" box="[216,330,486,508]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1660F37CAEFF41FE47" box="[216,230,487,508]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. posthumii +</emphasis> +Holttum; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661847CAEFDD1FE47" ID-CoL="6Z7XX" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[431,630,486,508]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potamios"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661847CAEFDBCFE47" box="[431,539,487,508]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. potamios</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662A17CAEFC0DFE47" ID-CoL="6Z7Y9" authority="(Kaulf.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kaulf." box="[650,938,486,509]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="productus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662A17CAEFD5AFE40" box="[650,765,486,508]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. productus</emphasis> +(Kaulf.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16639F7CAEFF6AFDA6" ID-CoL="6Z89X" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudomegaphyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16639F7CAEFBD8FE40" box="[948,1151,486,508]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pseudomegaphyllus</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660FE7F4EFDB7FDA6" ID-CoL="6YVY6" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[213,528,519,542]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterosporus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660FE7F4EFEF0FDA7" box="[213,343,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pterosporus</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662327F4EFD6AFDA6" ID-CoL="6Z7Y6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[537,717,519,541]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pullenii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662327F4EFDD3FDA7" box="[537,628,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pullenii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662FE7F4EFBA1FDA6" ID-CoL="6YVY7" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[725,1030,519,542]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pycnosorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662FE7F4EFCF4FDA7" box="[725,851,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. pycnosorus</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664247F4EFB7AFDA6" ID-CoL="6YW9V" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1039,1245,519,541]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reconditus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664247F4EFB23FDA7" box="[1039,1156,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. reconditus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660527F61FE03FD86" ID-CoL="6Z7XV" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[121,420,551,574]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reineckei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660527F61FF41FD87" box="[121,230,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. reineckei</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661857F61FD76FD86" ID-CoL="6Z7Y7" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[430,721,551,574]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="richardsii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661857F61FD84FD87" box="[430,547,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. richardsii</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662F07F61FC7CFD86" ID-CoL="6Z89V" authority="(Ridl.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." box="[731,987,551,574]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662F07F61FC91FD87" box="[731,822,551,573]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. rigidus</emphasis> +(Ridl.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663CE7F61FF6AFDE5" ID-CoL="6YVXY" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roemerianus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663CE7F61FBD2FD86" box="[997,1141,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. roemerianus</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660FC7F01FE1BFDE5" ID-CoL="CK4F" authority="(Ridl.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." box="[215,444,584,607]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rudis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660FC7F01FEB9FDE6" box="[215,286,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. rudis</emphasis> +(Ridl.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661ED7F01FD52FDE5" ID-CoL="6Z7XY" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[454,757,584,607]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661ED7F01FDE0FDE6" box="[454,583,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. sagittifolius</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662D47F01FB81FDE5" ID-CoL="5XRSF" authority="(Zeiller) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Zeiller" box="[767,1062,584,607]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sakayensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662D47F01FCDEFDE6" box="[767,889,584,605]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. sakayensis</emphasis> +(Zeiller) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +in +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B16646D7F01FBF2FDE6" box="[1094,1109,584,605]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1664737F01FBCCFDE6" box="[1112,1131,584,605]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode> +. Nayar & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1664E47F01FB7AFDE6" box="[1231,1245,584,605]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. Kaur; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660987F21FE22FDC5" ID-CoL="6YVXZ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[179,389,616,638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santomasii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660987F21FE8BFDC5" box="[179,300,616,638]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. santomasii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661B37F21FDDDFDC5" ID-CoL="6YW9Z" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[408,634,616,638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarasinorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661B37F21FD86FDC5" box="[408,545,616,638]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. sarasinorum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662A97F21FCE4FDC5" ID-CoL="6Z7XZ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[642,835,616,638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662A97F21FD4CFDC6" box="[642,747,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. scandens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663677F21FF07FD25" ID-CoL="8RDM8" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scopulorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663677F21FC6BFDC6" box="[844,972,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. scopulorum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660817FC0FE3DFD24" ID-CoL="6Z89Z" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[170,410,649,671]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semicordatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660817FC0FE9AFD25" box="[170,317,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. semicordatus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16618F7FC0FD28FD24" ID-CoL="6YVYD" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[420,655,649,671]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semimetralis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16618F7FC0FD94FD25" box="[420,563,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. semimetralis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16628F7FC0FC7CFD24" ID-CoL="6Z7YD" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[676,987,649,671]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sessilipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16628F7FC0FC8FFD25" box="[676,808,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. sessilipinna</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663CE7FC0FEBEFD04" ID-CoL="6YVYB" authority="(J. Sm. ex Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplicifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663CE7FC0FBDFFD25" box="[997,1144,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. simplicifolius</emphasis> +(J. Sm. ex Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16610F7FE0FE7CFD04" ID-CoL="6YVYC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[292,475,681,703]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solutus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16610F7FE0FED9FD05" box="[292,382,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. solutus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661CE7FE0FD59FD04" ID-CoL="4YSB2" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[485,766,681,704]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spenceri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661CE7FE0FDEBFD04" box="[485,588,681,703]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. spenceri</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663237FE0FC5FFD04" ID-CoL="4YSB3" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[776,1016,681,703]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squamatellus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663237FE0FC3CFD05" box="[776,923,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. squamatellus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664297FE0FF6AFD5B" ID-CoL="4YSB4" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenodontus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664297FE0FB2DFD05" box="[1026,1162,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. stenodontus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660F47F83FE50FD64" ID-CoL="4YSB5" authority="(Blume) Hottum" authorityName="Hottum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[223,503,714,736]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stipellatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660F47F83FEF5FD64" box="[223,338,714,735]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. stipellatus</emphasis> +(Blume) Hottum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661D47F83FD47FD5B" ID-CoL="4YSB6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[511,736,714,736]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stresemannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661D47F83FD2FFD64" box="[511,648,714,735]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. stresemannii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662C27F83FBBFFD5B" ID-CoL="4YSB7" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[745,1048,714,736]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subalpinus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662C27F83FCC7FD64" box="[745,864,714,735]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. subalpinus</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16640B7F83FE39FD44" ID-CoL="8R8T9" authority="(Copel.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subappendiculatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16640B7F83FB47FD64" box="[1056,1248,714,735]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. subappendiculatus</emphasis> +(Copel.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16618E7FA3FD2BFCBB" ID-CoL="4YSB8" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[421,652,746,768]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subcanescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16618E7FA3FD94FD44" box="[421,563,746,767]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. subcanescens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662BF7FA3FCD7FCBB" ID-CoL="4YSB9" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[660,880,746,768]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subcordatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662BF7FA3FCBFFD44" box="[660,792,746,767]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. subcordatus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663A87FA3FBC1FCBB" ID-CoL="6Z7YC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[899,1126,746,768]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suboppositus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663A87FA3FBA9FD44" box="[899,1038,746,767]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. suboppositus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664527FA3FEF8FC9A" ID-CoL="4YSBB" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpectinatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664527FA3FF0AFC9B" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. subpectinatus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661427E42FD0EFC9A" ID-CoL="4YSBD" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[361,681,779,802]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subulifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661427E42FE4CFC9B" box="[361,491,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. subulifolius</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16629F7E42FC4FFC9A" ID-CoL="4YSBC" authority="(Bory) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bory" box="[692,1000,779,802]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16629F7E42FCE1FC9B" box="[692,838,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. subtruncatus</emphasis> +(Bory) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663D97E42FB62FC9A" ID-CoL="6YVZJ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1010,1221,779,801]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sudesticus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663D97E42FBCEFC9B" box="[1010,1129,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. sudesticus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664E47E42FE5CFCFB" ID-CoL="8R8TF" authority="(Brause) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="superbus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664E47E42FF6CFCFB" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. superbus</emphasis> +(Brause) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662267E62FC2CFCFA" ID-CoL="4YSBG" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum ex Kuo" authorityName="Kuo" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[525,907,811,834]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662267E62FD28FCFA" box="[525,655,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. taiwanensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum ex Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663BF7E62FB79FCFA" ID-CoL="4YSBK" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[916,1246,811,834]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tandikatensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663BF7E62FB82FCFB" box="[916,1061,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. tandikatensis</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660527E05FEFAFCD9" ID-CoL="4YSBL" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[121,349,844,866]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="telefominicus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660527E05FEA1FCDA" box="[121,262,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. telefominicus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16614E7E05FD07FCD9" ID-CoL="4YSBM" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[357,672,844,866]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tephrophyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16614E7E05FE51FCDA" box="[357,502,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. tephrophyllus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16628C7E05FC75FCD9" ID-CoL="4YSBN" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[679,978,844,866]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibangensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16628C7E05FC84FCDA" box="[679,803,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. tibangensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663F17E05FB6FFCD9" ID-CoL="8RCQT" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[986,1224,844,866]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichochlamys"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663F17E05FBD7FCDA" box="[986,1136,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. trichochlamys</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664E47E05FE95FC39" ID-CoL="4YSBS" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trimetralis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664E47E05FF7DFC3A" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. trimetralis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661117E25FE59FC39" ID-CoL="4YSBT" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[314,510,876,898]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uaniensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661117E25FE01FC39" box="[314,422,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. uaniensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16622D7E25FCEBFC39" ID-CoL="6Z7ZJ" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[518,844,876,899]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uniauriculatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16622D7E25FD05FC3A" box="[518,674,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. uniauriculatus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663757E25FB35FC39" ID-CoL="4YSBX" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[862,1170,876,899]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urdanetensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663757E25FC40FC3A" box="[862,999,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. urdanetensis</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16648F7E25FF55FC18" ID-CoL="4YSBZ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="veitchii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16648F7E25FF3DFC19" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. veitchii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16612F7EC4FD84FC18" ID-CoL="4YSC2" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[260,547,909,931]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vestigiatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16612F7EC4FEDDFC19" box="[260,378,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. vestigiatus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16621E7EC4FC06FC18" ID-CoL="4YSC3" authority="(Kuhn & Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn & Christ" box="[565,929,909,931]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="warburgii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16621E7EC4FD03FC19" box="[565,676,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. warburgii</emphasis> +(Kuhn & Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663827EC4FBCDFC18" ID-CoL="4YSC4" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[937,1130,909,931]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wauensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663827EC4FBB5FC19" box="[937,1042,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. wauensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16645A7EC4FEB8FC78" ID-CoL="4YSC5" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="williamsii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16645A7EC4FB47FC19" box="[1137,1248,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S.williamsii</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16610C7EE4FDA7FC78" ID-CoL="4YSC6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[295,512,941,963]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woitapensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16610C7EE4FE0FFC78" box="[295,424,941,963]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. woitapensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662237EE4FC64FC79" ID-CoL="8RDMH" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." box="[520,963,941,964]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="womersleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662237EE4FD21FC79" box="[520,646,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. womersleyi</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB49B1660827E84FDE9FABC" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B1660827E84FB98FB3E" blockId="93.[121,1251,162,1288]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660827E84FEFBFC59" box="[169,348,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Excluded species.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661777E84FCAEFC58" authority="(G. Forst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[348,777,973,995]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661777E84FDEFFC58" box="[348,584,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos invisus</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663127E87FC2EFC58" box="[825,905,974,995]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663127E87FC2EFC58" box="[825,905,974,995]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Holttum are both combined in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660527EA7FF5BFBB8" box="[121,252,1006,1027]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660527EA7FF5BFBB8" box="[121,252,1006,1027]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16612D7EA7FC25FBBF" authority="(Blume) S. M. Almeida & M. R. Almeida" authorityName="S. M. Almeida & M. R. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[262,898,1006,1029]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cucullatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16612D7EA7FDABFBB8" box="[262,524,1006,1027]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos cucullatus</emphasis> +(Blume) S.M. Almeida & M.R. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +was treated as a synonym of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1664B97EA7FB46FBBF" box="[1170,1249,1006,1028]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1664B97EA7FB46FBBF" box="[1170,1249,1006,1028]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">S. unitus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB49B1660BD7947FE8AFB9E" author="Holttum" box="[150,301,1038,1061]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +, and so presumably is a synonym of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662BB7947FCFBFB9F" box="[656,860,1038,1060]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unitum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662BB7947FCFBFB9F" box="[656,860,1038,1060]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Strophocaulon unitum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1663A17946FC30FB9F" box="[906,919,1039,1060]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1663B07946FC0BFB9F" box="[923,940,1039,1060]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Fawc. & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1664267946FBB8FB9F" box="[1037,1055,1039,1060]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB49B1664087946FB93FB9F" box="[1059,1076,1039,1060]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">R</collectionCode> +. Sm., or related to that. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660877966FD97FBFE" authority="(Bojer) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bojer" box="[172,560,1071,1094]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660877966FE28FBFF" box="[172,399,1071,1092]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos elatus</emphasis> +(Bojer) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +is inferred as sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16633B7966FC16FBFF" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[784,945,1071,1092]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16633B7966FC16FBFF" box="[784,945,1071,1092]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in Fawcett et al. (in press), but resolves with species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661737906FE62FBDF" box="[344,453,1103,1124]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661737906FE62FBDF" box="[344,453,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in earlier studies (e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB49B1662B27906FC91FBDD" author="Patel" box="[665,822,1103,1126]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="93" pageNumber="83" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +). Two species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663957906FEA6FB3D" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663957906FB67FBDF" box="[958,1216,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos hirtisorus</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661057939FD5BFB3D" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[302,764,1136,1159]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peltochlamys"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661057939FDE9FB3E" box="[302,590,1136,1157]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos peltochlamys</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +are here combined in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663E67939FB9EFB3E" box="[973,1081,1136,1157]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663E67939FB9EFB3E" box="[973,1081,1136,1157]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB49B16608279D8FDE9FABC" blockId="93.[121,1251,162,1288]" pageId="93" pageNumber="83"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16608279D8FE8DFB1E" box="[169,298,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.—We were unable to place +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16626F79D9FC37FB1D" authority="Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." box="[580,912,1168,1190]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16626F79D9FC89FB1E" box="[580,814,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos kurzii</emphasis> +Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1663BD79D9FF68FB7C" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1663BD79D9FB2CFB1E" box="[918,1163,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos validus</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, is considered a synonym of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661DB79F8FD10FB7D" box="[496,695,1201,1222]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661DB79F8FD10FB7D" box="[496,695,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Abacopteris hirtisora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB49B1662F779F8FC0EFB73" author="Lindsay" box="[732,937,1201,1224]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lindsay" journalOrPublisher="Thai Forest Bull., Bot." pageId="93" pageNumber="83" pagination="64 - 106" part="37" refId="ref111332" refString="LINDSAY, S., D. J. MIDDLETON, T. BOONKERD, & S. SUDDEE. 2009. Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai ferns. Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 37: 64 - 106." title="Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai ferns" type="journal article" year="2009">Lindsay et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation> +but is in need of further study. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1660517998FE7CFB5C" authority="M. Kato" authorityName="M. Kato" box="[122,475,1233,1255]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seramensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1660517998FE20FB5C" box="[122,391,1233,1255]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Nannothelypteris seramensis</emphasis> +M. Kato +</taxonomicName> +may belong in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1662597998FCBEFB5D" box="[626,793,1233,1254]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1662597998FCBEFB5D" box="[626,793,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +based on its morphology, although we treat all other species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B16612479BBFE17FABC" box="[271,432,1266,1287]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B16612479BBFE17FABC" box="[271,432,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB49B1661E679BBFDEFFABC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[461,584,1266,1287]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="93" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB49B1661E679BBFDEFFABC" box="[461,584,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="83">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7C14FEE2FE1C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7C14FEE2FE1C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0c321cd5440 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7C14FEE2FE1C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +<document id="E448DFC3C07960986B03C85B8972E1A3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB59B17604A7C14FEE2FE1C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Sphaerostephanos melanophlebius S. 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762D47C15FCCCFECA" bold="true" box="[767,875,348,369]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB59B1762D47C15FCCCFECA" box="[767,875,348,369]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB59B1763407C29FEE2FE1C" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB59B1763407C29FEE2FE1C" blockId="92.[97,1228,161,956]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763407C29FCD9FECB" box="[875,894,352,368]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB59B1763547C29FE91FE37" author="Copel." journal="Philipp. J. Sci, Bot." page="147" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" score="2.7222299634871705" volume="6" year="1911"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763547C29FF47FE30" authority="Copel., Philipp. J. Sci, Bot." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanophlebia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763547C29FB99FECA" box="[895,1086,352,369]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Dryopteris melanophlebia</emphasis> +Copel., Philipp. J. Sci, Bot. +</taxonomicName> +6:147. 1911 +</treatmentCitation> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761137C32FEEBFE37" box="[312,332,379,396]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761677C32FD2CFE37" ID-CoL="8R8RC" authority="(Copel.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[332,651,379,396]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanophlebius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761677C32FDB2FE37" box="[332,533,379,396]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Cyclosorus melanophlebius</emphasis> +(Copel.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762A17C32FD3AFE37" box="[650,669,379,396]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762B57C32FBA5FE37" ID-CoL="8RDLN" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[670,1026,379,396]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanophlebium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762B57C32FCDAFE37" box="[670,893,379,396]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Pronephrium melanophlebium</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17643D7C32FEE2FE1C" ID-CoL="8RFHP" authority="(Copel.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanophlebia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17643D7C32FF1EFE1D" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Thelypteris melanophlebia</emphasis> +(Copel.) 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Sci., Bot." box="[851,1227,432,450]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microloncha"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763787CF9FBA6FE7A" box="[851,1025,432,449]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Dryopteris microloncha</emphasis> +Christ,Philipp.J.Sci.,Bot. +</taxonomicName> +2:202.1907. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1760D17C82FEA9FE67" box="[250,270,459,476]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761257C82FD9BFE67" authority="(Christ) Copel." authorityName="Copel." baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[270,572,459,476]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microlonchus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761257C82FE61FE67" box="[270,454,459,476]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Cyclosorus microlonchus</emphasis> +(Christ) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762117C82FDEAFE60" box="[570,589,459,475]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1762657C82FC03FE67" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[590,932,459,476]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microloncha"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1762657C82FC87FE67" box="[590,800,459,476]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Pneumatopteris microloncha</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17638F7C82FC10FE67" box="[932,951,459,476]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17639C7C82FF60FE4C" authority="(Christ) C. 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Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7D91FB08FF57.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7D91FB08FF57.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..54bda6946cb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7D91FB08FF57.xml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +<document id="E8F6042107187EB50746C95520FEC095" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB59B17604A7D91FB08FF57" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Sphaerostephanos incisus S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17628F7D9EFCA8FF57" bold="true" box="[676,783,215,236]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB59B17628F7D9EFCA8FF57" box="[676,783,215,236]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB59B1763247D92FB08FF57" box="[783,1199,219,236]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB59B1763247D92FB08FF57" blockId="92.[97,1228,161,956]" box="[783,1199,219,236]" pageId="92" pageNumber="82"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763247D92FC85FF50" box="[783,802,219,235]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB59B1763087D92FB0CFF57" author="Holttum" box="[803,1195,219,236]" journal="Blumea" page="317" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" score="3.24319811522761" volume="21" year="1973"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763087D92FBEDFF57" ID-CoL="8RDD9" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[803,1098,219,236]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incisa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763087D92FC62FF50" box="[803,965,219,235]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Pneumatopteris incisa</emphasis> +Holttum,Blumea +</taxonomicName> +21:317.1973 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DBAFD1EFE99.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DBAFD1EFE99.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..681d9fa642a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DBAFD1EFE99.xml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +<document id="CB1E79F4CFEEB5F93B39C3EA49996C3F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DBAFD1EFE99" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Sphaerostephanos longbawanensis S. 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Kato, Acta Phytotax.Geobot. +</taxonomicName> +34(4–6):137(–138), f.5.1983. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DE8FDD0FF69.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DE8FDD0FF69.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f53c1d05654 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DE8FDD0FF69.xml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +<document id="247353F98843E9C8218AF8ECEB874F3D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB59B17604A7DE8FDD0FF69" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Sphaerostephanos heterophyllus S. 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Regni Veg." page="529" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" score="1.0992452832713058" volume="12" year="1913"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1763587F7FFB38FDFD" authority="Rosenst., Repert." authorityName="Rosenst., Repert." box="[883,1183,565,582]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphylla" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763587F7FFBBDFDFD" box="[883,1050,565,582]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Dryopteris pentaphylla</emphasis> +Rosenst., Repert. +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB59B17648A7F7FFF61FDDB" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" rank="species">Spec. Nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +Regni Veg. 12:529.1913 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761BA7F19FD48FDD9" ID-CoL="8RDLY" authority="(Rosenst.) 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Reed" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[770,1099,592,610]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1763297F19FC09FDDA" box="[770,942,592,609]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Thelypteris pentaphylla</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) 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Bot. +</taxonomicName> +18:212.1880 +</treatmentCitation> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761F87F9CFE41FD5D" box="[467,486,725,742]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B1761CD7F9CFD5CFD5C" ID-CoL="8SC6N" authority="(Baker) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[486,763,725,743]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debile"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B1761CD7F9CFDD4FD5D" box="[486,627,725,742]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Pronephrium debile</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +, non +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB59B17630B7F9CFBF6FD5C" ID-CoL="4YS76" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[800,1105,725,743]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="92" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB59B17630B7F9CFC72FD5D" box="[800,981,725,742]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="82">Sphaerostephanos debilis</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB69B2B626C7C16FCB0FB8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB69B2B626C7C16FCB0FB8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..03c8b647ae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB69B2B626C7C16FCB0FB8C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,576 @@ +<document id="7471C70148E59AADF09A432353C7BA63" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB69B2B626C7C16FCB0FB8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Steiropteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="CB99D97F7061A272F85EA1672514AD51" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="9ECE94AFEAA4219DA739D078C0051D7C"> +<mods:title id="776A112E84701709781FA1EFBAD8AE3F">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="C19792FADD9FD162661EEB9B73B918D2" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9FAD26E194826F197C309C2C896ED01B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="025E4E285F1FD354518BF4383EEF5426">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C64057EA6EC379D3A7901BEF80038560">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="B3B8A793AA3F74ECD0448C1F54AFF781" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E3E0CCBD67AEAB4B787F07864359F781"> +<mods:roleTerm id="67A78A0D87CAEA818E8EF8E808BD33C7">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="864C559C5F474A9871FFB8231FFBB47F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="FA5E8006AA922A4ED208DE1C65C84485">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="A8F1BBE2517F7F2C182DB60B8A6FFBE9"> +<mods:dateIssued id="C22B056999A0B13AF5480DE2208BEE9D">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="1D3950ADFBD07F80D807CF8639FD45F0">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="6CC534079E2AC1EBC58D71A0C8FA1F5F"> +<mods:placeTerm id="A037CC4153B2FDBCC2D0C7DE4255F094">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="D7AB3ABFF17A5B4CD1E55D1E966AABC6">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFB69B2B626C7C16FCB0FB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFB69B2B626C7C16FCB0FB8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFB69B2B626C7C16FCB0FB8C" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB69B14626C7C16FCB4FEC2" box="[583,787,351,377]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B14626C7C16FCB4FEC2" blockId="95.[121,1251,351,465]" box="[583,787,351,377]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFB69B14626C7C16FCB4FEC2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[583,787,351,377]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14626C7C16FCB4FEC2" ID-CoL="7M9M" box="[583,787,351,377]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14626C7C16FCB4FEC2" bold="true" box="[583,787,351,377]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">STEIROPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB69B1460527CC1FE46FDDA" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460527CC1FD2FFE26" blockId="95.[121,1251,351,465]" box="[121,648,392,413]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB69B1460527CC1FD23FE26" author="Serm." box="[121,644,392,413]" journal="Webbia" page="449" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" score="9.729594737742866" volume="28" year="1973"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460527CC1FDA6FE26" ID-CoL="7M9M" authority="(C. Chr.) Pic. Serm., Webbia" authorityName="Pic. Serm., Webbia" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[121,513,392,413]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460527CC1FF57FE26" bold="true" box="[121,240,392,413]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Pic.Serm., Webbia +</taxonomicName> +28:449. 1973 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1462AC7CC2FB46FE27" blockId="95.[121,1251,351,465]" box="[647,1249,394,412]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462B17CC2FBA6FE27" authority="C. Chr., Biol. Arb." authorityName="C. Chr., Biol. Arb." box="[666,1025,394,412]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Steiropteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462B17CC2FD4DFE20" box="[666,746,395,411]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Dryopteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463377CC3FCD5FE21" box="[796,882,394,410]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +C. Chr., Biol. Arb. +</taxonomicName> +til. Eug. Warming 81:1911.— +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460927CECFB44FE0C" blockId="95.[121,1251,351,465]" box="[185,1251,421,439]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460927CECFD8DFE0E" authority="(C. Chr.) K. Iwats." authorityName="K. Iwats." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[185,554,421,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Steiropteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460927CECFEA9FE0D" box="[185,270,421,438]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14616B7CECFE30FE0E" box="[320,407,421,437]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB69B1462177CECFD2DFE0E" box="[572,650,421,437]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus> +(chosen by Christensen, Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460927C89FBEDFE6A" blockId="95.[121,1251,351,465]" box="[185,1098,448,465]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +Math.Afd., ser.7, 10:164.1913): +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461817C89FD19FE6A" authority="(Sw.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[426,702,448,465]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoidea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461817C89FDE0FE6A" box="[426,583,448,465]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris deltoidea</emphasis> +(Sw.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462F87C89FC77FE6A" authority="(Sw.) Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[723,976,448,465]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoidea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462F87C89FCCCFE6A" box="[723,875,448,465]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Dryopteris deltoidea</emphasis> +(Sw.)Kuntze +</taxonomicName> +]. ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB69B1463C87C89FB98FE6A" box="[995,1087,448,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463C87C89FB98FE6A" bold="true" box="[995,1087,448,465]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Figs. 9A, 9B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460B27CACFD2DFDFC" blockId="95.[153,1250,485,609]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460B27CACFEADFE4D" box="[153,266,485,502]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB69B1461257CAFFEBAFE4C" box="[270,285,486,503]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Presl ex Fée, Crypt. Vasc. +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFB69B1461DF7CAFFDD1FE4C" box="[500,630,486,503]" journal="Bresil" page="40" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" score="0.5" volume="2" year="1873"> +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB69B1461DF7CAFFD87FE4C" box="[500,544,486,503]" name="Brazil" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Brésil</collectingCountry> +2:40. 1873 +</bibCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462A67CACFBEBFE4C" authority="(C. Presl. ex Fee) C. Chr." authorityName="C. Chr." baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[653,1100,485,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Glaphyropteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462A67CACFD79FE4E" box="[653,734,485,501]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Dryopteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14633A7CACFC25FE4D" box="[785,898,485,502]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +(C. Presl. ex Fée) C. Chr. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1464757CACFE10FDAA" authority="(C. Presl. ex Fee)" baseAuthorityName="Fee" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Glaphyropteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464757CACFB15FE4D" box="[1118,1202,485,502]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460927F49FE8DFDAA" box="[185,298,512,529]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +(C. Presl. ex Fée) +</taxonomicName> +, Alston, nom. inval.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462437F49FBEFFDAB" authority="(C. Presl ex Fee) C. V. Morton" authorityName="C. V. Morton" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[616,1096,512,529]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Glaphyropteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462437F49FD1AFDAA" box="[616,701,512,529]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462C07F49FCFBFDAA" box="[747,860,512,529]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +(C. Presl ex Fée) C.V. Morton +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1464777F49FE30FD97" authority="(Fee) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Fee" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Glaphyropteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464777F49FB15FDAB" box="[1116,1202,512,528]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460927F53FE80FD90" box="[185,295,538,555]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +(Fée) A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, nom.inval.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB69B14622A7F52FDE9FD97" box="[513,590,539,556]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus> +(chosen by Christensen,Ind.Filic.XXI, 1906): +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1463847F52FBECFD90" box="[943,1099,538,555]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463847F52FBECFD90" box="[943,1099,538,555]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB69B1464457F52FBDBFD97" box="[1134,1148,539,556]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB69B1464547F52FB2BFD97" box="[1151,1164,539,556]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">R</collectionCode> +.Sm.,based on +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460FB7F7CFEDAFDFD" box="[208,381,565,582]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460FB7F7CFEDAFDFD" box="[208,381,565,582]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Polypodium decussatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L.[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14618C7F7CFD98FDFD" box="[423,575,565,582]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14618C7F7CFD98FDFD" box="[423,575,565,582]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Dryopteris decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Urb.] +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460B27F19FE46FDDA" blockId="95.[153,1250,485,609]" box="[153,481,592,609]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB69B1461527F19FE7AFDDA" author="Smith" box="[377,477,592,609]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="95" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 38" part="76" refId="ref114270" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1980. Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 1 - 38." title="Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta)" type="journal article" year="1980"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFB69B1461527F19FE01FDDA" box="[377,422,592,609]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1980) +</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB69B1460527F3EFDDDFD17" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460527F3EFDDDFD17" blockId="95.[121,1250,631,1804]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460527F3EFF46FD37" box="[121,225,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461307F3EFEEAFD37" box="[283,333,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">steira</emphasis> +, keel + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461BF7F3EFE6FFD37" box="[404,456,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">pteris</emphasis> +, fern. The keel, or false vein located abaxially, below the sinus ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB69B1464347F31FBC4FD36" box="[1055,1123,632,653]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464347F31FBC4FD36" bold="true" box="[1055,1123,632,653]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Fig. 9B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), is a distinctive feature of many (but not all) species in this genus. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB69B1460827FF1FF63FA36" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B1460827FF1FF63FA36" blockId="95.[121,1250,631,1804]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +Plants terrestrial, or occasionally rheophytic, small (< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB69B1462937FF1FD52FD76" box="[696,757,696,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity> +) to very large (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB69B1463B67FF1FC62FD76" box="[925,965,696,717]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463FD7FF1FB93FD76" bold="true" box="[982,1076,696,717]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping to suberect; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460FF7F91FEB0FD56" bold="true" box="[212,279,728,749]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic to rarely subdimorphic (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462977F9EFC90FD57" box="[700,823,727,748]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="valdepilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462977F9EFC90FD57" box="[700,823,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. valdepilosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or weakly subdimorphic ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1464177F9EFB00FD57" box="[1084,1191,727,748]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leprieurii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464177F9EFB00FD57" box="[1084,1191,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. leprieurii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), pinnate to usually pinnate-pinnatifid, erect or arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462417FB1FD02FCB6" bold="true" box="[618,677,760,781]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to dull brown; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14639C7FB1FB8DFCB7" bold="true" box="[951,1066,759,781]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">stipe scales</emphasis> +brown, lanceolate, setose; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460967E5EFF58FC97" bold="true" box="[189,255,791,812]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, laminae drying dark green; rachises usually lacking buds in axils of distal pinnae (except in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460527E7EFF4EFCF7" box="[121,233,823,844]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seemannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460527E7EFF4EFCF7" box="[121,233,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. seemannii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460D77E71FEE5FCF6" bold="true" box="[252,322,824,845]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">pinnae</emphasis> +shallowly to often deeply lobed, rarely subentire to crenate, proximal pinnae not or little reduced, or abruptly reduced to many pairs of auriculate pinnae ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462887E1EFCA9FCD7" box="[675,782,855,876]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoidea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462887E1EFCA9FCD7" box="[675,782,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. deltoidea</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB69B1463307E11FCC5FCD6" box="[795,866,856,877]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463307E11FCC5FCD6" bold="true" box="[795,866,856,877]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Fig. 9A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), distal pinnae gradually to sometimes abruptly reduced and with subconform, or hastate apices (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462EC7E3EFC85FC37" box="[711,802,887,908]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462EC7E3EFC85FC37" box="[711,802,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. insignis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1463077E3EFC2EFC37" box="[812,905,887,908]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463077E3EFC2EFC37" box="[812,905,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. setulosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463B07E31FC77FC36" bold="true" box="[923,976,888,909]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">veins</emphasis> +running to sinuses or 1–several pairs anastomosing just below each sinus, forming a cartilaginous keel running to sinus ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB69B1463C67ED1FB96FC16" box="[1005,1073,920,941]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463C67ED1FB96FC16" bold="true" box="[1005,1073,920,941]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Fig. 9B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), sometimes veins truly united below sinuses with an excurrent vein to the sinus, in a few species lowermost pair from adjacent segments meeting margins just above sinus and lacking a raised keel, vein endings reaching segment margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464127E9EFB0DFC57" bold="true" box="[1081,1194,983,1004]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">aerophores</emphasis> +often present at pinna bases, and sometimes at segment bases, these scale-like, tuberculate, or horny protuberances, persistent on old fronds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14616E7951FDACFB96" bold="true" box="[325,523,1048,1069]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">indument abaxially</emphasis> +lacking or of sparse to dense, short to long, hyaline acicular hairs, these unicellular or septate, generally restricted to costae, costules, and veins, amorphous appressed scales often present on costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460EB7911FE20FBD6" bold="true" box="[192,391,1112,1133]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">indument adaxially</emphasis> +lacking except along costae and rachises, rarely of hairs on lamina between veins; glands generally absent abaxially, but reddish, sessile, and resinous, in some spp. sometimes treated in subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14647B793FFB7DFB30" box="[1104,1242,1142,1163]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14605279DEFF77FB17" bold="true" box="[121,208,1175,1196]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">pustules</emphasis> +usually absent on laminar tissue abaxially and adaxially, except in a few species ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1463E079DEFB89FB10" box="[971,1070,1174,1196]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennellii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463E079DEFB89FB10" box="[971,1070,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. pennellii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14641C79DEFB00FB17" box="[1079,1191,1175,1196]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seemannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14641C79DEFB00FB17" box="[1079,1191,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S.seemannii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14649279D1FB46FB16" bold="true" box="[1209,1249,1176,1197]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">sori</emphasis> +round, subcostular, inframedial, or medial, not coalescent at maturity, indusiate or exindusiate; indusia, if present, glabrous, glandular, or short-hairy, sometimes vaulted, glandular, persistent or evanescent, hidden and/or shriveled at maturity in a few species; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14615079B1FE45FAB6" bold="true" box="[379,482,1272,1293]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">sporangia</emphasis> +usually without setulae or glands, rarely setulose ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1463F279BEFB9EFAB0" box="[985,1081,1270,1292]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463F279BEFB9EFAB0" box="[985,1081,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. setulosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) and rarely with orangish, stalked, globose glands from the receptacles ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462BF785EFCB7FA90" box="[660,784,1302,1324]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="valdepilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462BF785EFCB7FA90" box="[660,784,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. valdepilosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14630E785EFCC0FA97" bold="true" box="[805,871,1303,1324]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">spores</emphasis> +monolete, brownish, narrowly winged with crenate or fimbriate crests, or rugose with closely packed, anastomosing ridges ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB69B14638C7871FBBEFAF6" author="Wood" box="[935,1049,1336,1357]" firstAuthor="Wood" journalOrPublisher="J. Linn. Soc. Bot." pageId="95" pageNumber="85" pagination="191 - 202" part="67" refId="ref115815" refString="WOOD, C. C. 1973. Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 67: 191 - 202." title="Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wood 1973</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB69B1464097871FB35FAF6" author="Smith" box="[1058,1170,1336,1357]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="95" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 38" part="76" refId="ref114270" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1980. Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 1 - 38." title="Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta)" type="journal article" year="1980"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFB69B1464097871FBFBFAF6" box="[1058,1116,1336,1357]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Smith</collectingRegion> +1980 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB69B1464B07871FF77FAD6" author="Patel" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="95" pageNumber="85" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460CB781EFF4CFAD7" box="[224,235,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">x</emphasis> += 36, two of 25 spp. counted, diploids and tetraploids known. No interspecific or intergeneric hybrids are known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB69B14608278DEFC96F9D7" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B14608278DEFC96F9D7" blockId="95.[121,1250,631,1804]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14608278DEFEADFA17" box="[169,266,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—Certain species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461F878DEFD9BFA17" box="[467,572,1431,1452]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461F878DEFD9BFA17" box="[467,572,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14625F78DEFD45FA10" box="[628,738,1430,1452]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14625F78DEFD45FA10" box="[628,738,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) resemble some +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1463AF78DFFBE2FA16" box="[900,1093,1430,1453]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463AF78DFFC5CFA10" box="[900,1019,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Amauropelta</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14645678DEFF28FA77" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thomsonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14645678DEFF28FA77" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">A. thomsonii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); both genera may have mucilaginous croziers, peg-like aerophores, enormous fronds (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB69B1463FB78F1FC55FA76" box="[976,1010,1464,1485]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</quantity> +), and free veins, and both occur in disturbed or open tropical montane habitats. These two groups are easily distinguished by the presence of fasciculate hairs in this subgroup of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14619F78BFFD8CF9B0" box="[436,555,1526,1547]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14619F78BFFD8CF9B0" box="[436,555,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(vs. simple hairs in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462CD78BEFCEAF9B7" box="[742,845,1527,1548]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462CD78BEFCEAF9B7" box="[742,845,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), tiny abortive pinnae at the blade bases in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460527B5FFF57F990" box="[121,240,1558,1579]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460527B5FFF57F990" box="[121,240,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(vs. blades without abortive pinnae in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462417B5EFD76F997" box="[618,721,1559,1580]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462417B5EFD76F997" box="[618,721,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), fewer pairs of widely placed (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB69B14643F7B5EFBE9F997" box="[1044,1102,1559,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +apart) veins in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460527B7FFF57F9F0" box="[121,240,1590,1611]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460527B7FFF57F9F0" box="[121,240,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(vs.> 20 pairs of veins ca.0.5 mm apart in the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14628A7B7EFCC0F9F0" box="[673,871,1590,1612]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14628A7B7EFCC0F9F0" box="[673,871,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and allies), and base chromosome number of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14609F7B1EFF18F9D7" box="[180,191,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">x</emphasis> += +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB69B1460FF7B1EFEA3F9D7" box="[212,260,1623,1644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="29.0">29 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461227B1FFE79F9D0" box="[265,478,1622,1643]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thomsonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461227B1FFE79F9D0" box="[265,478,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Amauropelta thomsonii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and allies (vs. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14624C7B1EFDD5F9D7" box="[615,626,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">x</emphasis> += +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB69B1462AC7B1EFD1FF9D7" box="[647,696,1623,1644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="36.0">36 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462977B1EFC84F9D7" box="[700,803,1623,1644]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462977B1EFC84F9D7" box="[700,803,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB69B2B60827B3FFE25FEEC" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB69B2B60827B3FFE25FEEC" blockId="95.[121,1250,631,1804]" lastBlockId="96.[97,1227,162,1079]" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460827B3FFE3EF930" box="[169,409,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—Among the 26 species recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1463217B3EFCD4F937" box="[778,883,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1463217B3EFCD4F937" box="[778,883,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, one is restricted to the Lesser Antilles ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460AA7BDEFEA1F910" box="[129,262,1686,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clypeolutata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460AA7BDEFEA1F910" box="[129,262,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. clypeolutata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), four to the Greater Antilles ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1462057BDEFD3FF910" box="[558,664,1686,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deltoidea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1462057BDEFD3FF910" box="[558,664,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. deltoidea</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB69B14628E7BDEFCB9F917" box="[677,798,1687,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="95" pageNumber="85"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14628E7BDEFCB9F917" bold="true" box="[677,798,1687,1708]" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Figs. 9A, 9B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14631A7BDEFC3EF910" box="[817,921,1686,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hottensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14631A7BDEFC3EF910" box="[817,921,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. hottensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14638D7BDEFBB1F910" box="[934,1046,1686,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonchodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14638D7BDEFBB1F910" box="[934,1046,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. lonchodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1464097BDEFB25F910" box="[1058,1154,1686,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wrightii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464097BDEFB25F910" box="[1058,1154,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. wrightii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +—the last three narrowly endemic to Hispaniola or +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB69B14622B7BFEFD92F977" box="[512,565,1719,1740]" name="Cuba" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Cuba</collectingCountry> +), and four are endemic to southern and Atlantic forests of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB69B1464737BFEFB37F977" box="[1112,1168,1719,1740]" name="Brazil" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">Brazil</collectingCountry> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1464B67BFEFF62F950" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hatschbachii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464B67BFEFF62F950" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. hatschbachii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460E57B9EFE82F957" box="[206,293,1751,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460E57B9EFE82F957" box="[206,293,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S.mexiae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461047B9EFE66F950" box="[303,449,1750,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461047B9EFE66F950" box="[303,449,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. polypodioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1461E07B9EFDBDF950" box="[459,538,1750,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1461E07B9EFDBDF950" box="[459,538,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. villosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). Three species are widespread and variable in the Neotropics ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1464467B9EFB7CF950" box="[1133,1243,1750,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1464467B9EFB7CF950" box="[1133,1243,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B1460527BBEFEA3F8B0" box="[121,260,1782,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneriana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B1460527BBEFEA3F8B0" box="[121,260,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. gardneriana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB69B14613A7BBEFED8F8B0" box="[273,383,1782,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leprieurii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB69B14613A7BBEFED8F8B0" box="[273,383,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="85">S. leprieurii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), especially in South America, and the remaining 14 species occur in southern Central America ( +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF899B2B60967DEBFE80FF0C" box="[189,295,162,183]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Costa Rica</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF899B2B61047DEBFED9FF0C" box="[303,382,162,183]" name="Panama" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Panama</collectingCountry> +) through the Andes to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF899B2B62717DEBFD3AFF0C" box="[602,669,162,183]" name="Bolivia" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +and also the Coastal Cordillera of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF899B2B63CD7DEBFBEFFF0C" box="[998,1096,162,183]" name="Venezuela" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B647F7DEBFB61FF0C" author="Smith" box="[1108,1222,162,183]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 38" part="76" refId="ref114270" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1980. Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 1 - 38." title="Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta)" type="journal article" year="1980">Smith 1980</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B604A7D8BFE93FF6C" author="Smith & Kessler" box="[97,308,194,215]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 34" part="331" refId="ref114664" refString="SMITH, A. R. & M. KESSLER. 2017. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae. Phytotaxa 331: 1 - 34." title="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2017">Smith & Kessler 2017</bibRefCitation> +). Several species are quite rare, local, and known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FF899B2B63BA7D8BFC61FF6C" box="[913,966,194,215]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">types</typeStatus> +or from very few localities. Most species occur in low and middle elevation tropical and montane rain forests, below +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF899B2B63EE7DABFBB6FF4C" box="[965,1041,226,247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity> +and usually below +<quantity id="4CE69B05FF899B2B604A7C4BFF0DFEAC" box="[97,170,258,279]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity> +; they mostly occur in relatively undisturbed primary rain forests, but +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63127C4BFC00FEAD" box="[825,935,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63127C4BFC00FEAD" box="[825,935,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">S. decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may occur at forest margins in partially exposed situations. Two Antillean endemics have greatly reduced blades and occur on stream banks, and thus can be considered rheophytes. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFF899B2B60BA7C2BFCB0FB8C" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B60BA7C2BFF1BFDEC" blockId="96.[97,1227,162,1079]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60BA7C2BFE7AFECD" box="[145,477,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—The species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62577C2BFD42FECC" box="[636,741,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62577C2BFD42FECC" box="[636,741,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B63AB7C2BFB9FFECC" author="Christensen" box="[896,1080,354,375]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen (1913)</bibRefCitation> +in two subgenera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B60B17CCBFF5AFE2C" box="[154,253,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60B17CCBFF5AFE2C" box="[154,253,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Dryopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +: subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61157CCBFE00FE2C" box="[318,423,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61157CCBFE00FE2C" box="[318,423,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +included the keeled species; and subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B633C7CC8FC05FE2D" box="[791,930,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +included those with free veins. Based on a suite of shared morphological features (see below), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B62977CEBFCD1FE0C" author="Christensen" box="[700,886,418,439]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen (1913)</bibRefCitation> +, in his treatment of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B64137CE8FB65FE0D" box="[1080,1218,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +, included species now more appropriately placed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62717C88FD75FE6D" box="[602,722,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62717C88FD75FE6D" box="[602,722,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63207C88FC42FE6D" box="[779,997,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thomsonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63207C88FC42FE6D" box="[779,997,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Amauropelta thomsonii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and allies— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B644B7C88FEA3FE4D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Phacelothrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B644B7C88FB6EFE6D" box="[1120,1225,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60BB7CA8FEA3FE4D" box="[144,260,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Phacelothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +of +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B610B7CABFE29FE4C" author="Smith" box="[288,398,482,503]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="83 - 95" part="64" refId="ref114197" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1974. A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta. Amer. Fern J. 64: 83 - 95." title="A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta" type="journal article" year="1974"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF899B2B610B7CABFEFDFE4C" box="[288,346,482,503]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Smith</collectingRegion> +1974 +</bibRefCitation> +). However, he included them tentatively, recognizing their numerous similarities to his +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B604A7F4BFEE1FDAC" box="[97,326,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lastrea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B604A7F4BFF62FDAC" box="[97,197,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Dryopteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B612A7F4BFEE1FDAC" box="[257,326,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Lastrea</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61487F48FE7FFDAD" box="[355,472,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61487F48FE7FFDAD" box="[355,472,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). The species circumscription of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B633E7F4BFCD9FDAC" box="[789,894,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B633E7F4BFCD9FDAC" box="[789,894,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +proposed in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B63D07F4BFB23FDAC" author="Smith's" box="[1019,1156,514,535]" firstAuthor="Smith's" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 38" part="76" refId="ref114270" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1980. Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 1 - 38." title="Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta)" type="journal article" year="1980"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF899B2B63D07F4BFBE7FDAC" box="[1019,1088,514,535]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Smith’s</collectingRegion> +(1980) +</bibRefCitation> +monograph relied on morphological and cytological data and has not needed adjustment in consideration of molecular evidence. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B60B97F2BFCE0FD6C" blockId="96.[97,1227,162,1079]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +The genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B60D67F2BFECFFDCC" box="[253,360,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60D67F2BFECFFDCC" box="[253,360,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is monophyletic, but its two subgenera do not +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63127F2BFC33FDCC" box="[825,916,610,631]" form="two" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" rank="form">form two</taxonomicName> +monophyletic clades, based on molecular evidence. Both plastid ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B61897FCBFDFDFD2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[418,602,642,663]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +) and nuclear (Fawcett et al. in press) data indicate that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B64747FCBFB6EFD2C" box="[1119,1225,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B64747FCBFB6EFD2C" box="[1119,1225,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is early diverging within the cyclosoroids, but the backbone relationship between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63577FE8FC42FD0D" box="[892,997,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63577FE8FC42FD0D" box="[892,997,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the stegnogrammoids, and a clade including all other cyclosoroid genera remains unresolved ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF899B2B632F7F8BFC9EFD6C" box="[772,825,706,727]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B632F7F8BFC9EFD6C" bold="true" box="[772,825,706,727]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B60BB7FABFC61FC4C" blockId="96.[97,1227,162,1079]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +Some keeled species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B61447FA8FE7FFD4D" box="[367,472,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B61447FA8FE7FFD4D" box="[367,472,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +greatly resemble Old World members of the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63E97FA8FB98FD4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[962,1087,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63E97FA8FB98FD4D" box="[962,1087,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF899B2B64667FABFB25FD4C" box="[1101,1154,738,759]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B64667FABFB25FD4C" bold="true" box="[1101,1154,738,759]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Fig. 9</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) in the convergent, connivent veins, conspicuous and cartilaginous sinus membrane, and presence of swollen aerophores at the bases of pinnae; but these similarities appear to be due to convergence or represent the plesiomorphic condition in the cyclosoroids ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF899B2B60C27E0BFE86FCEC" box="[233,289,834,855]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B60C27E0BFE86FCEC" bold="true" box="[233,289,834,855]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B611E7E0BFE50FCEC" author="Holttum" box="[309,503,834,855]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" page="378" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982:378)</bibRefCitation> +commented on the “often pale violet-purple” color of young sporangia in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B604A7E28FF47FCCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[97,224,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B604A7E28FF47FCCD" box="[97,224,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a condition also seen in some species of subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62937E28FC8DFCCD" box="[696,810,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62937E28FC81FCCD" box="[696,806,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Steiropteris</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +There are morphological similarities, too, between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B609C7EC8FE87FC2D" box="[183,288,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B609C7EC8FE87FC2D" box="[183,288,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B617B7EC8FE1CFC2D" box="[336,443,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B617B7EC8FE1CFC2D" box="[336,443,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, especially in blade dissection and venation, but the latter genus is almost always distinguished by bearing furcate or stellate hairs (such hairs lacking in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B633B7EE8FCD0FC0D" box="[784,887,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B633B7EE8FCD0FC0D" box="[784,887,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B63A07EE8FC50FC0D" box="[907,1015,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B63A07EE8FC50FC0D" box="[907,1015,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is well removed from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B604A7E88FF6CFC6D" box="[97,203,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B604A7E88FF6CFC6D" box="[97,203,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the phylogenetic analysis of Fawcett et al. (in review) ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FF899B2B632A7E8BFC9EFC6C" box="[769,825,962,983]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Fig. 1</figureCitation> +). Several character states that are rare in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B604A7EA8FF6DFC4D" box="[97,202,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B604A7EA8FF6DFC4D" box="[97,202,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are common in other cyclosoroid genera, e.g., rachis buds and pustular laminae. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF899B2B60BB794BFCB0FB8C" blockId="96.[97,1227,162,1079]" pageId="96" pageNumber="86"> +Combinations for all known accepted species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF899B2B62757948FD60FBAD" box="[606,711,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF899B2B62757948FD60FBAD" box="[606,711,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have been made by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B63AC794BFBF5FBAC" author="Pichi Sermolli" box="[903,1106,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Pichi Sermolli" journalOrPublisher="Webbia" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="445 - 477" part="28" refId="ref112835" refString="PICHI SERMOLLI, R. E. G. 1973. Fragmenta Pteridologiae IV. Webbia 28: 445 - 477." title="Fragmenta Pteridologiae IV" type="journal article" year="1973">Pichi Sermolli (1973)</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF899B2B6471794BFF07FB8C" author="Salino" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salino" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="86" pagination="11 - 50" part="57" refId="ref113700" refString="SALINO, A., T. E. ALMEIDA, & A. R. SMITH. 2015. New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae. PhytoKeys 57: 11 - 50." title="New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2015">Salino et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation> +, +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF899B2B6083796BFF45FB8C" box="[168,226,1058,1079]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Smith</collectingRegion> +and Kessler (2017), and by Salino and +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF899B2B6266796BFD20FB8C" box="[589,647,1058,1079]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="96" pageNumber="86">Smith</collectingRegion> +(2018), except: +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB99B1962017B76FEADFD4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB99B1962017B76FEADFD4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f57c5335c37 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFB99B1962017B76FEADFD4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,599 @@ +<document id="598459D6162E13C42DB87D107127578F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFB99B1962017B76FEADFD4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pronephrium" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="1118C177E803DDE6B7FF51ADCE60EFF3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="9A34D5A94C72EDB0CA14149AF3F5B69E"> +<mods:title id="2D15698EB3E51BA8144DC4D7A606F29A">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="3B3E613B1FDB2BBB492F1E2C946CA1C4" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="539D990434AE46BF71457C082667C493"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F316F38F6C9CD1913D700DC8CDD9F731">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="CE3AC93DBBC4AEEEAEA8669758CDCD98">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="372EECC594D6B47EA440C06F1C3C97CD" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E1085A24A693FEB0240EFEE67F350A7B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="68126E25DA63DA587A269BC761ECC780">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B4D0363E14A02E3AA0002CB51853E92C">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="85B00177F75EA9E0B5301E4E34398241">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="29BADC9070CC8278B607968327177BFF"> +<mods:dateIssued id="BCBC0CB42E72319206D52D2BD8105AC6">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="03A9ED5326EB7CF7DC934F02A6B73916">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="5E41CF064BEB09F0062EAC8CF7AFB7F5"> +<mods:placeTerm id="213696851E97E1C61BC90BA3543CBB0C">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="124DE4235091983BA3992F985A4B85FF">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFB99B1962017B76FEADFD4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFB99B1962017B76FEADFD4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFB99B1962017B76FEADFD4C" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB99B1B62017B76FD58F9E2" box="[554,767,1599,1625]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B62017B76FD58F9E2" blockId="80.[97,1225,1599,1687]" box="[554,767,1599,1625]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFB99B1B62017B76FD58F9E2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[554,767,1599,1625]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62017B76FD58F9E2" ID-CoL="6WT2" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[554,767,1599,1625]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62017B76FD58F9E2" bold="true" box="[554,767,1599,1625]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">PRONEPHRIUM</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB99B1B604A7B21FBCAF9C6" box="[97,1133,1639,1661]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B604A7B21FBCAF9C6" blockId="80.[97,1225,1599,1687]" box="[97,1133,1639,1661]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFB99B1B604A7B21FBCAF9C6" box="[97,1133,1639,1661]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A7B21FED1F9C6" ID-CoL="6WT2" authority="C. 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Bot. 258. 185, Oct. +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB99B1B64477B22FC5CF92C" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B64477B22FC5CF92C" blockId="80.[97,1225,1599,1687]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB99B1B64547B22FB6EF9C0" box="[1151,1225,1643,1659]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus> +(designated by +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB99B1B61397BCFFE57F92C" author="Holttum" box="[274,496,1670,1687]" journal="Blumea" page="36" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFB99B1B61397BCFFE57F92C" author="Holttum" box="[274,496,1670,1687]" journal="Blumea" page="36" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +Holttum, +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFB99B1B61707BCFFE57F92C" box="[347,496,1670,1687]" journal="Blumea" page="36" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971">Blumea 19:36.1971</bibCitation> +</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +): +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61D07BCCFC86F92C" ID-CoL="6VXQ8" authority="(Blume) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[507,801,1669,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61D07BCCFD05F92D" box="[507,674,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pronephrium lineatum</emphasis> +(Blume) C.Presl +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63137BCCFC50F92C" ID-CoL="HG6W" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[824,1015,1669,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63137BCCFC65F92D" box="[824,962,1669,1686]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Aspidium lineatum</emphasis> +Blume +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB99B1A60AA7BE3FD85FF08" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60AA7BE3FDFCF94A" blockId="80.[129,1227,1706,1831]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60AA7BE3FF51F900" box="[129,246,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +Tagawa & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB99B1B61647BE2FEF9F900" box="[335,350,1707,1723]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode> +. Iwats. in +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFB99B1B61857BE2FCA1F907" author="Iwatsuki" box="[430,774,1707,1724]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="8" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="19" year="1961"> +Iwatsuki, +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFB99B1B61D07BE2FCA1F907" box="[507,774,1707,1724]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="8" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="19" year="1961">Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19:8. 1961</bibCitation> +</bibCitation> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63237BE3FCBCF900" box="[776,795,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB99B1B63377BE3FEDBF96C" author="Holttum" journal="Blumea" page="36" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63377BE3FE84F96C" authority="(Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa & K. Iwats." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Dimorphopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63377BE3FCDAF900" box="[796,893,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63827BE3FBB9F900" box="[937,1054,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +(Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +19:36.1971 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB99B1B61B97B8FFE1DF96C" box="[402,442,1734,1751]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61947B8CFC8DF96E" ID-CoL="367PT" authority="Tagawa & K. Iwats." authorityName="Tagawa & K. Iwats." box="[447,810,1733,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Dimorphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61947B8CFD34F96D" box="[447,659,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Dimorphopteris moniliformis</emphasis> +Tagawa & K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +in Iwatsuki,Acta Phytotax.Geobot.19(1):8, f.14.1961. [= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B609F7BA9FDF0F94A" ID-CoL="4MT6T" authority="(Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa & K. Iwats." box="[180,599,1760,1777]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliforme"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B609F7BA9FEC8F94A" box="[180,367,1760,1777]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pronephrium moniliforme</emphasis> +(Tagawa & K.Iwats.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60AA7BB3FD43F89C" blockId="80.[129,1227,1706,1831]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB99B1B60AA7BB3FE45F8B7" author="Nannothelypteris Holttum" box="[129,482,1786,1804]" journal="Blumea" page="38" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60AA7BB3FE21F8B7" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[129,390,1786,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60AA7BB3FF58F8B0" box="[129,255,1786,1803]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +19:38. 1971 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB99B1B61D37BB2FD87F8B7" box="[504,544,1787,1804]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus> +: +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFB99B1B620C7BB3FBB1F8B7" author="Holttum" box="[551,1046,1786,1804]" journal="Blumea" page="38" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B620C7BB3FC1EF8B7" ID-CoL="8RC5D" authority="(Harr.) Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" baseAuthorityName="Harr." box="[551,953,1786,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aoristisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B620C7BB3FD5FF8B0" box="[551,760,1786,1803]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Nannothelypteris aoristisora</emphasis> +(Harr.) Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +19:38. 1971 +</treatmentCitation> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B64047BB3FE16F89C" ID-CoL="8RTY8" authority="(Harr.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Harr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aoristisorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B64047BB3FF68F89E" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pronephrium aoristisorum</emphasis> +(Harr.) S.E. Fawc.& A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +,based on +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61D77A5CFDF6F89D" box="[508,593,1813,1830]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Polypodium</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B627E7A5CFD46F89C" ID-CoL="8RTY8" authority="Harr." authorityName="Harr." box="[597,737,1813,1831]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aoristisorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B627E7A5CFD15F89E" box="[597,690,1813,1829]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">aoristisorum</emphasis> +Harr. +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB89B1A60B27DE8FD85FF08" blockId="81.[153,546,161,179]" box="[153,546,161,179]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A615B7DEBFE4CFF08" author="Holttum" box="[368,491,162,179]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A61DA7DEBFDBFFF08" author="Holttum" box="[497,536,162,179]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB89B1A60527D81FDC6FF45" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB89B1A60527D81FDC6FF45" blockId="81.[121,1250,200,1822]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60527D81FF7DFF66" box="[121,218,200,221]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61367D80FE9DFF65" box="[285,314,201,222]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">pro</emphasis> +, in front of + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61EA7D81FDAFFF66" box="[449,520,200,221]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">nephros</emphasis> +, kidney, referring to the reniform indusia covering the sori ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A647E7D80FB70FF65" author="Stewart" box="[1109,1239,201,222]" firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart 1983</bibRefCitation> +); indusia in this genus may be round, or even absent. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB89B1A60837C40FE5EFC66" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB89B1A60837C40FE5EFC66" blockId="81.[121,1250,200,1822]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +Plants terrestrial, rheophytic or epipetric, typically small to medium-sized, mostly (8–)15–50(–70) cm tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64887C40FF05FE86" bold="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping, ascending, or erect; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61DE7C60FD9FFE85" bold="true" box="[501,568,297,318]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">fronds</emphasis> +typically strongly dimorphic with fertile fronds often much taller (to 3×) than non-fertile fronds ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFB89B1A614C7C00FE09FEE5" box="[359,430,329,350]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A614C7C00FE09FEE5" bold="true" box="[359,430,329,350]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Fig. 7C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), erect or arching, and once-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid (rarely simple in juvenile plants); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60ED7C20FEA6FEC5" bold="true" box="[198,257,361,382]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to dull brown, with ovate-deltate to linear-lanceolate brown scales, typically with hairs on scales, rarely without; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61647CC1FE36FE26" bold="true" box="[335,401,392,413]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous, rarely membranaceous, with apex gradually reduced (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60527CE0FEB6FE05" authority="C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" box="[121,273,424,446]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affine"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60527CE0FF67FE06" box="[121,192,424,446]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.affine</emphasis> +C. Presl +</taxonomicName> +), pinna-like (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A619D7CE0FDBDFE06" box="[438,538,424,446]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A619D7CE0FDBDFE06" box="[438,538,424,446]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.lineatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or much larger than lateral pinnae (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A638A7CE0FB70FE05" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[929,1239,424,446]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granulosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A638A7CE0FB86FE06" box="[929,1057,424,446]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.granulosum</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +), proximal pinnae not, or only slightly, reduced, lacking proliferous buds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A631F7C80FCDDFE65" bold="true" box="[820,890,457,478]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">pinnae</emphasis> +margins entire, crenate, or shallowly lobed (some irregular long lobes projecting outward in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A62A07CA0FC16FE45" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[651,945,488,510]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiphioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62A07CA0FD59FE46" box="[651,766,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P. xiphioides</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, rarely deeply lobed ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A64557CA0FF06FDA5" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64557CA0FF06FDA5" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P. philippinum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), frequently with acroscopic basal auricles, sometimes also with basiscopic auricles, sessile or short-petiolulate, with truncate or broadly cuneate bases, in some species the pinnae strongly asymmetric ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A63EB7F61FBF8FD86" box="[960,1119,552,573]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A63EB7F61FBF8FD86" box="[960,1119,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +group); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64877F60FB46FD85" bold="true" box="[1196,1249,553,574]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">veins</emphasis> +prominent adaxially and abaxially, several pairs regularly anastomosing to form a straight, or somewhat zig-zag excurrent vein, less commonly with included veinlets ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A62737F20FC0FFDC5" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[600,936,617,638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menisciicarpon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62737F20FD5CFDC5" box="[600,763,617,638]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P. menisciicarpon</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +), in species with smaller pinnae (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60877FC0FE90FD25" box="[172,311,649,670]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aoristisorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60877FC0FE90FD25" box="[172,311,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P. aoristisorum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) veins forked rather than anastomosing; vein endings reaching margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64297FC1FBD4FD26" bold="true" box="[1026,1139,648,669]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">aerophores</emphasis> +rare, when present, as darkened swelling of aerating tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A627F7FE0FCBAFD05" bold="true" box="[596,797,681,702]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs on costae, veins, and sometimes on laminar tissue between veins, yellow or golden spherical glands frequently present; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64317F80FB47FD65" bold="true" box="[1050,1248,713,734]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs, these restricted to costae and veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62E87FA1FCBDFD46" bold="true" box="[707,794,744,765]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">pustules</emphasis> +usually present and often dense on abaxial and adaxial laminae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61317E40FEE5FCA5" bold="true" box="[282,322,777,798]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">sori</emphasis> +medial, round, with or without indusia, when present, indusia glabrous or with acicular hairs and/ or golden spherical glands, generally paired on either side of excurrent vein, appearing acrostichoid on the most reduced fertile fronds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60D47E00FEC3FCE5" bold="true" box="[255,356,841,862]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or with setae or yellow to golden spherical glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A638D7E01FC4FFCE6" bold="true" box="[934,1000,840,861]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">spores</emphasis> +light to dark brown, with fimbriate, anastomosing crests (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61FB7E20FD93FCC6" box="[464,564,872,894]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peltatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61FB7E20FD93FCC6" box="[464,564,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.peltatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A62637E20FD4FFCC5" author="Patel" box="[584,744,872,894]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62DD7E20FCA6FCC5" box="[758,769,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">x</emphasis> += 36, with three species counted, representing two diploids ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60FF7EC0FE0BFC25" box="[212,428,904,926]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60FF7EC0FEBDFC26" box="[212,282,904,926]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hosei">P. hosei</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61087EC0FE0BFC25" box="[291,428,905,926]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camarinense">P. camarinense</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +) and a tetraploid ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A62747EC0FD00FC26" box="[607,679,904,926]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affine"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62747EC0FD00FC26" box="[607,679,904,926]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.affine</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). No hybridization has been formally demonstrated within the genus, but +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A61267EE0FE00FC05" author="Holttum" box="[269,423,937,958]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +suggested that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A62687EE1FC83FC06" box="[579,804,936,957]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiphioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62687EE1FC83FC06" box="[579,804,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium xiphioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may represent a hybrid (or a hybrid swarm) between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60E57E80FEE9FC66" box="[206,334,968,990]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granulosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60E57E80FEE9FC66" box="[206,334,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.granulosum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61577E80FE54FC66" box="[380,499,968,990]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombeum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61577E80FE54FC66" box="[380,499,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.rhombeum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB89B1A60827EA1FCF4FA85" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB89B1A60827EA1FCF4FA85" blockId="81.[121,1250,200,1822]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60827EA1FE3EFC46" box="[169,409,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61347EA1FE3EFC46" box="[287,409,1000,1021]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB89B1A61B67EA0FE1FFC46" box="[413,440,1000,1022]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61B67EA0FE14FC45" box="[413,435,1001,1022]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, as redefined here, is distinguished from the three other segregates of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A64617EA1FB64FC46" box="[1098,1219,1000,1021]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64617EA1FB64FC46" box="[1098,1219,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB89B1A64EC7EA1FB47FC46" box="[1223,1248,1000,1021]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64EC7EA1FB7CFC46" box="[1223,1243,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60AA7940FECCFBA6" box="[129,363,1032,1054]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60AA7940FF50FBA5" box="[129,247,1033,1054]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisciopsis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60D47941FECCFBA6" box="[255,363,1032,1053]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61B57941FDA2FBA6" box="[414,517,1032,1053]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61B57941FDA2FBA6" box="[414,517,1032,1053]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) by its small stature (typically < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB89B1A63137940FCD4FBA6" box="[824,883,1032,1054]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity> +tall), strongly dimorphic fronds, small pinnae (usually < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB89B1A61027960FEFEFB86" box="[297,345,1064,1086]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity> +wide), laminar apex sometimes gradually reduced, and yellow or golden spherical glands on abaxial lamina, indusia and/or sporangia. It also tends to grow at lower elevations than these taxa. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A641B7901FB0EFBE6" box="[1072,1193,1096,1117]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A641B7901FB0EFBE6" box="[1072,1193,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +lacks the hamate hairs on the blades and/or sporangia and has short-creeping to suberect rhizomes; hamate hairs occur on all known species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A610A79C1FE2EFB26" box="[289,393,1160,1181]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A610A79C1FE2EFB26" box="[289,393,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and many species of that genus have long-creeping rhizomes. The yellow spherical glands found in some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A617779E1FE72FB06" box="[348,469,1192,1213]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A617779E1FE72FB06" box="[348,469,1192,1213]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are shared with many species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A632B79E1FC03FB06" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[768,932,1192,1213]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A632B79E1FC03FB06" box="[768,932,1192,1213]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +,but are lacking in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A646479E0FB47FB05" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1103,1248,1193,1214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A646479E0FB47FB05" box="[1103,1248,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A608A7981FEB6FB66" box="[161,273,1224,1245]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A608A7981FEB6FB66" box="[161,273,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, to which +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A615A7981FE4DFB66" box="[369,490,1224,1245]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A615A7981FE4DFB66" box="[369,490,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB89B1A61C67980FDAEFB66" box="[493,521,1224,1246]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61C67980FDA5FB65" box="[493,514,1225,1246]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is more closely related than it is to other species segregated from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A64437981FB46FB66" box="[1128,1249,1224,1245]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64437981FB46FB66" box="[1128,1249,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB89B1A605279A1FF35FB46" box="[121,146,1256,1277]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A605279A1FF2AFB46" box="[121,141,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60BC79A1FEB7FB46" box="[151,272,1256,1277]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60BC79A1FEB7FB46" box="[151,272,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB89B1A613E79A0FE96FB46" box="[277,305,1256,1278]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A613E79A0FE8DFB45" box="[277,298,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is generally distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A624F79A1FCAFFB46" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[612,776,1256,1277]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A624F79A1FCAFFB46" box="[612,776,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by proximal pinnae not, or only slightly, reduced (vs. abruptly or gradually reduced), and appressed hairs lacking on the adaxial laminae between veins (present in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A60527861FE32FA86" box="[121,405,1320,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60527861FE32FA86" box="[121,405,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Sphaerostephanos glandulosum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A62937860FCE8FA85" author="Holttum" box="[696,847,1321,1342]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB89B1A60827801FB1EF985" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB89B1A60827801FB1EF985" blockId="81.[121,1250,200,1822]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60827801FD8BFAE6" box="[169,556,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61997801FD8BFAE6" box="[434,556,1352,1373]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +includes approximately 37 species, is almost entirely Malesian in distribution, and is especially diverse in the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB89B1A61CF7820FDF3FAC5" box="[484,596,1385,1406]" name="Philippines" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Philippines</collectingCountry> +. Some taxa extend into adjacent continental Asia (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A647E7820FB3BFAC6" box="[1109,1180,1384,1406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affine"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A647E7820FB3BFAC6" box="[1109,1180,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P.affine</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occurs in peninsular +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB89B1A612B78C0FEFCFA25" box="[256,347,1417,1438]" name="Thailand" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Thailand</collectingCountry> +). One species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61C378C1FD66FA26" box="[488,705,1416,1437]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palauense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61C378C1FD66FA26" box="[488,705,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium palauense</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, endemic to the island of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB89B1A639278C0FC57FA25" box="[953,1008,1417,1438]" name="Palau" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Palau</collectingCountry> +, extends the range of the genus into +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB89B1A60C878E0FEF6FA05" box="[227,337,1449,1470]" name="Micronesia" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Micronesia</collectingCountry> +. Most species occur at low elevations, many below +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB89B1A631578E0FCD9FA06" box="[830,894,1448,1470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity> +, though some species reach +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFB89B1A64BA78E0FB7AFA06" box="[1169,1245,1448,1470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity> +, along streams, or on calcareous rocks. Of the 45 species treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A62D77880FC35FA65" author="Holttum" box="[764,914,1481,1502]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +in sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A63CB7881FBD5FA66" box="[992,1138,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +, eight were known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB89B1A616078A1FED1FA46" box="[331,374,1512,1533]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus> +collection, and several others are known from only a few collections, suggesting that many may be rare, and therefore vulnerable to extinction; however, due in part to the subtle or microscopic characters needed to distinguish genera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61767B60FDA3F985" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[349,516,1577,1598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, this diverse family may be often overlooked by non-specialist collectors. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFB89B1960827B01FEADFD4C" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB89B1960827B01FE77FEAC" blockId="81.[121,1250,200,1822]" lastBlockId="82.[97,1227,162,1089]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="81" pageNumber="71"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60827B01FE53F9E6" box="[169,500,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—Our observations suggest that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A63177B00FC03F9E6" box="[828,932,1608,1630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A63177B00FC03F9E6" box="[828,932,1608,1630]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P. lineatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the type of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A640B7B01FB3EF9E6" box="[1056,1177,1608,1629]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A640B7B01FB3EF9E6" box="[1056,1177,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is distantly related to the other members of +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A622F7B20FD00F9C5" author="Holttum's" box="[516,679,1641,1662]" firstAuthor="Holttum's" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum’s (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A62997B20FD42F9C5" author="Holttum's" box="[690,741,1641,1662]" firstAuthor="Holttum's" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A62DB7B20FC85F9C5" author="Holttum's" box="[752,802,1641,1662]" firstAuthor="Holttum's" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) small but heterogeneous +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A64047B21FF55F926" authority="sect. Pronephrium" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pronephrium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A64047B21FB0AF9C6" box="[1071,1197,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A60527BC1FF55F926" box="[121,242,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which includes species we now recognize in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A62997BC1FCB8F926" box="[690,799,1672,1693]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62997BC1FCB8F926" box="[690,799,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A63007BC1FC38F926" box="[811,927,1672,1693]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A63007BC1FC38F926" box="[811,927,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A63FD7BC1FBDCF926" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[982,1147,1672,1693]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A63FD7BC1FBDCF926" box="[982,1147,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(based on molecular phylogenetic data; Fawcett et al. in press). Thus, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A628F7BE1FCBAF906" box="[676,797,1704,1725]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A628F7BE1FCBAF906" box="[676,797,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB89B1A630A7BE1FC9BF906" box="[801,828,1704,1725]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A630A7BE1FC90F906" box="[801,823,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, as defined herein, corresponds in large part to Holttum’s concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A61737B81FD30F966" box="[344,663,1736,1757]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Dimorphopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A61737B81FE76F966" box="[344,465,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A622E7B81FD30F966" box="[517,663,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB89B1A628A7B80FD16F965" box="[673,689,1737,1758]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +collection at Leiden (L:0052355, image!), presumably studied by Blume, was designated as +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB89B1A61817BA0FDA4F945" box="[426,515,1769,1790]" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB89B1A62367BA1FD24F946" box="[541,643,1768,1789]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB89B1A62367BA1FD24F946" box="[541,643,1768,1789]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="71">P. lineatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB89B1A62897BA0FC90F945" author="Holttum" box="[674,823,1769,1790]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="81" pageNumber="71" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +. Contrary to Holttum’s interpretation, we see this specimen as dimorphic, evidenced by the much longer stipe of the fertile frond. Holttum noted the spherical yellow glands and setulae on the sporangia, and glands on the indusia of the type, which, together with dimorphic fronds, are diagnostic for our concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961567D88FE51FF6D" box="[381,502,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961567D88FE51FF6D" box="[381,502,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBB9B1961D77D8BFDBFFF6C" box="[508,536,194,215]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961D77D8BFDB5FF6C" box="[508,530,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B1962357D8BFD13FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[542,692,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +initially recognized +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963577D88FC59FF6D" box="[892,1022,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Haplodictyum</emphasis> +as a good genus, but later ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B1960BD7DABFEB9FF4C" author="Holttum" box="[150,286,226,247]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +) placed it in synonymy under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962177DA8FD13FF4D" box="[572,692,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962177DA8FD13FF4D" box="[572,692,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; we regard the type of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963A17DA8FBACFF4D" box="[906,1035,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Haplodictyum</emphasis> +, and several similar species, to be part of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19610D7C48FE6DFEAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[294,458,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19610D7C48FE6DFEAD" box="[294,458,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B1960BB7C6BFEADFD4C" blockId="82.[97,1227,162,1089]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +Based on the phylogeny in Fawcett et al. (in press), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962517C68FD54FE8D" box="[634,755,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962517C68FD54FE8D" box="[634,755,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a member of the sphaerostephanoid clade that also includes +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960CC7C08FE2AFEED" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[231,397,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960CC7C08FE2AFEED" box="[231,397,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961B07C0BFD88FEEC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[411,559,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961B07C0BFD88FEEC" box="[411,559,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBB9B19621E7C0BFDF7FEEC" box="[565,592,322,343]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19621E7C0BFDECFEEC" box="[565,587,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962A37C08FD5DFEED" box="[648,762,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962A37C08FD5DFEED" box="[648,762,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(which includes a majority of species formerly treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960E17C2BFEC7FECC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[202,352,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960E17C2BFEC7FECC" box="[202,352,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). These four genera are together sister to the pseudocyclosoroid clade which includes +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A7CC8FF69FE2D" box="[97,206,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A7CC8FF69FE2D" box="[97,206,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(treated by Holttum as a heterotypic synonym of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19629E7CC8FC7AFE2D" authority="sect. Pronephrium" box="[693,989,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pronephrium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19629E7CC8FC89FE2D" box="[693,814,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19634E7CC8FC7AFE2D" box="[869,989,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). The larger christelloid clade includes both the sphaerostephanoids and the pseudocyclosoroids. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963337CE8FC36FE0D" box="[792,913,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963337CE8FC36FE0D" box="[792,913,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBB9B1963BE7CEBFC16FE0C" box="[917,945,418,439]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963BE7CEBFC0CFE0C" box="[917,939,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +(our sense, defined herein) is more distantly related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19617F7C8BFE6FFE6C" box="[340,456,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19617F7C8BFE6FFE6C" box="[340,456,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961D27C88FDC6FE6D" box="[505,609,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961D27C88FDC6FE6D" box="[505,609,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the other two segregates of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19635D7C88FB61FE6C" authority="sensu Holttum (1982)" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[886,1222,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19635D7C88FB8FFE6C" box="[886,1064,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium sensu</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B1964057C8BFB61FE6C" author="Holttum" box="[1070,1222,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, which resolve in the chingioid clade. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961F57CA8FD56FE4C" box="[478,753,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aoristisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961F57CA8FD56FE4C" box="[478,753,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris aoristisora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFBB9B19630E7CABFCF6FE4C" box="[805,849,482,503]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19635F7CA8FBBEFE4D" box="[884,1049,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19635F7CA8FBBEFE4D" box="[884,1049,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is nested within +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A7F48FF5CFDAC" box="[97,251,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A7F48FF7DFDAD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[97,218,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBB9B1960F47F4BFF5CFDAC" box="[223,251,514,535]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, and is here treated as a synonym. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B19627B7F4BFD40FDAC" author="Holttum" box="[592,743,514,535]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +was aware of the similarity of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19643A7F48FB17FDAD" box="[1041,1200,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19643A7F48FB17FDAD" box="[1041,1200,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A7F68FE09FD8D" box="[97,430,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Dimorphopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A7F68FF7AFD8D" box="[97,221,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19613C7F68FE09FD8D" box="[279,430,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and believed they were closely related. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963157F68FC46FD8D" box="[830,993,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963157F68FC46FD8D" box="[830,993,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, as treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B19645E7F6BFF03FDEC" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Haplodictyum and Nannothelypteris. Kalikasan" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="58 - 68" part="2" refId="ref109550" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VI. Haplodictyum and Nannothelypteris. Kalikasan 2: 58 - 68." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VI" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1973b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B1960867F0BFF79FDEC" author="Holttum" box="[173,222,578,599]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), is restricted to the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBB9B1961B77F0BFDAEFDEC" box="[412,521,578,599]" name="Philippines" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Philippines</collectingCountry> +and its species are distinct from most +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963597F08FBA3FDED" box="[882,1028,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +in having lanceolate blades with many (> 30) pinna-pairs. Two additional species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962EE7F28FCC3FDCD" box="[709,868,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962EE7F28FCC3FDCD" box="[709,868,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were described by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B1964357F2BFB62FDCC" author="Kato" box="[1054,1221,610,631]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kato" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="43 - 59" part="48" refId="ref110552" refString="KATO, M. 1997. Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese botanical expeditions XI. Thelypteridaceae (1). Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 48: 43 - 59." title="Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese botanical expeditions XI. Thelypteridaceae (1)" type="journal article" year="1997">Kato et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation> +, extending the known range to the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBB9B1961837FCBFDA2FD2C" box="[424,517,642,663]" name="Indonesia" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Moluccas</collectingCountry> +, but one of these, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962857FCBFCD9FD2C" authority="M. Kato" authorityName="M. Kato" box="[686,894,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seramensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962857FCBFC8AFD2C" box="[686,813,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">N. seramensis</emphasis> +M. Kato +</taxonomicName> +, does not display morphology typical of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960B67FE8FE9CFD0D" box="[157,315,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960B67FE8FE9CFD0D" box="[157,315,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +because of its large size and deeply incised and gradually reduced proximal pinnae. Its affinity is uncertain, but its macromorphology, geographic location, and glandular sporangia suggest it may belong in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A7FA8FEA2FD4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[97,261,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A7FA8FEA2FD4D" box="[97,261,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBA9B1F623F7DB6FE48F9CC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBA9B1F623F7DB6FE48F9CC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0d07f5d98bb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBA9B1F623F7DB6FE48F9CC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,672 @@ +<document id="425AE9F0687F42662E3A4D6460BEA80E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBA9B1F623F7DB6FE48F9CC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pseudocyclosorus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="94EA0A55D7CA576847F3B5B0D1FEFB98" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="2D98FCFA35BA20E4ED942C13F0C64C23"> +<mods:title id="0FC2886BA797C626DB11A3E1D842502C">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="91B07046C881355499A1885F89C9AED3" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="CD1FCCDC789710C2CE6968F24121E2D1"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6D5073FB0B81C671342B68EDA8B8B215">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="34115B28A09DA29A6F854700CB53EFAA">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7D96CCEAA77521757FB9957E1CDBA498" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8110240793425FA2280CE9EEB834CBE1"> +<mods:roleTerm id="0A5380C0888B4BE050295FA9FC6984CF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="EEFD956B60482801042BC67F0779FE2F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="8FF63910B3FDFA356F273B9829A16433">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="4E35E7CDC6B8CB2DE562B80A4FEECA17"> +<mods:dateIssued id="F81BBA3206F8F0ABD58F55EA91685FBC">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="DADAA5D995CC2F7542B7A9BC7E3442DB">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="51BB0AEFB7C832D33AB1939B8C69E288"> +<mods:placeTerm id="6330AB655497B2FF9747586E02853B1A">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="3A052A0AB240A7333A73A9090BBB27BA">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFBA9B1F623F7DB6FE48F9CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFBA9B1F623F7DB6FE48F9CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFBA9B1F623F7DB6FE48F9CC" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBA9B18623F7DB6FCE2FEA2" box="[532,837,255,281]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B18623F7DB6FCE2FEA2" blockId="83.[121,1251,255,369]" box="[532,837,255,281]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFBA9B18623F7DB6FCE2FEA2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[532,837,255,281]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18623F7DB6FCE2FEA2" ID-CoL="6ZT7" box="[532,837,255,281]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18623F7DB6FCE2FEA2" bold="true" box="[532,837,255,281]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">PSEUDOCYCLOSORUS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBA9B1860527C6EFD50FE2C" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B1860527C6EFE47FECA" blockId="83.[121,1251,255,369]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFBA9B1860527C6EFD70FE86" author="Pseudocyclosorus Ching" box="[121,727,295,317]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="322" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860527C6EFD92FE86" ID-CoL="6ZT7" authority="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." authorityName="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." box="[121,565,295,317]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860527C6EFE88FE87" bold="true" box="[121,303,295,316]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. +</taxonomicName> +8:322–324. 1963 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFBA9B1862C77C62FCABFE80" box="[748,780,299,315]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBA9B1862C77C62FCABFE80" box="[748,780,299,315]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18633E7C63FBEDFE87" ID-CoL="4NVFP" authority="(Kunze) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[789,1098,298,316]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18633E7C63FC74FE80" box="[789,979,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus tylodes</emphasis> +(Kunze) Ching +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1864497C63FF4CFEEC" ID-CoL="5VV53" authority="Kunze" authorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1864497C63FB46FE80" box="[1122,1249,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Aspidium tylodes</emphasis> +Kunze +</taxonomicName> +]— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18612F7C0CFD3EFEEC" authority="(Ching) Panigrahi" authorityName="Panigrahi" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[260,665,325,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudocyclosorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18612F7C0CFEF0FEED" box="[260,343,325,342]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861AD7C0CFDACFEED" box="[390,523,325,342]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +(Ching) Panigrahi +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1862877C0CFBF7FEEC" ID-CoL="8H8B" authority="(Ching) Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[684,1104,325,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pseudocyclosorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862877C0CFD58FEED" box="[684,767,325,342]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1863027C0CFC09FEED" box="[809,942,325,342]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +(Ching) Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18644A7C0CFE47FECA" ID-CoL="8H8B" authority="(Ching) Fraser-Jenk." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudocyclosorus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18644A7C0CFB13FEED" box="[1121,1204,325,342]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860927C29FE99FECA" box="[185,318,352,369]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +(Ching) Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B1860B27CCCFD50FE2C" blockId="83.[153,759,389,407]" box="[153,759,389,407]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +For synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1861037CCFFE00FE2C" author="Holttum" box="[296,423,390,407]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Fern Gaz." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="55 - 56" part="11" refId="ref109658" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 d. The alternative spellings Aspidium tylodes Kze. and A. xylodes Kze. Fern Gaz. 11: 55 - 56." title="The alternative spellings Aspidium tylodes Kze. and A. xylodes Kze" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="d">Holttum (1974d)</bibRefCitation> +,Holttum and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1862397CCFFD27FE2C" author="Grimes" box="[530,640,390,407]" firstAuthor="Grimes" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="517 - 520" part="34" refId="ref109072" refString="GRIMES, J. W. 1980. Spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae I: Pseudocyclosorus. Kew Bull. 34: 517 - 520." title="Spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae I: Pseudocyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1980">Grimes (1980)</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1862AC7CCFFD54FE2C" author="Li" box="[647,755,389,407]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al.(2019)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBA9B1860527CE5FE8BFE5A" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B1860527CE5FE8BFE5A" blockId="83.[121,1252,428,1826]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860527CE5FF52FE7A" box="[121,245,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Etymology.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860DE7CE5FE68FE79" authority="Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[245,463,428,450]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860DE7CE5FE30FE7A" box="[245,407,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +Latin +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861FF7CE5FDB5FE7A" box="[468,530,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">pseudo</emphasis> +, false + +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18624B7CE5FD51FE79" authority="(Gr.)" baseAuthorityName="Gr." box="[608,758,428,450]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18624B7CE5FD64FE7A" box="[608,707,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +(Gr.) +</taxonomicName> +; a distinct genus segregated from a broadly circumscribed +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860EF7C85FE81FE5A" box="[196,294,460,481]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860EF7C85FE81FE5A" box="[196,294,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBA9B1860837CA4FD26FB19" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B1860837CA4FD26FB19" blockId="83.[121,1252,428,1826]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +Plants terrestrial, often along streamsides, or shady forest understories, medium sized, +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBA9B1863C37CA4FBF4FDBA" box="[1000,1107,492,514]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" unit="cm" value="95.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="40.0">40–150 cm</quantity> +tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1864A87CA4FB46FDB9" bold="true" box="[1155,1249,493,514]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping or forming erect caudices (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1862057F44FD27FD9A" box="[558,640,524,546]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862057F44FD27FD9A" box="[558,640,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P.tylodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); scales light brown, glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18638E7F44FC4FFD99" bold="true" box="[933,1000,525,546]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, arching to erect; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860997F64FF4AFDF9" bold="true" box="[178,237,557,578]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, castaneous, or dull brown; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862537F64FD4CFDFA" bold="true" box="[632,747,556,578]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">stipe scales</emphasis> +often sparse or caducous, when present, brown, glabrous or with marginal hairs, ovate to lanceolate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862767F05FD38FDDA" bold="true" box="[605,671,588,609]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, drying green, brown, or olivaceous, gradually reduced towards apex, proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to a series of opposite auriculate pinnae, these often caudate and/or hastate (see fig. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBA9B1861707FC4FE25FD19" box="[347,386,653,674]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1861A37FC4FDAEFD19" author="Li" box="[392,521,652,674]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +), or reduced to a series of peg-like aerophores ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1863FC7FC4FB8AFD1A" box="[983,1069,652,674]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1863FC7FC4FB8AFD1A" box="[983,1069,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P. tylodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860E87FE4FEAEFD79" bold="true" box="[195,265,685,706]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">pinnae</emphasis> +sessile, or short-petiolulate, bases truncate, margins deeply lobed, lobes nearly perpendicular (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1864FB7FE4FF6BFD5A" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquirolii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1864FB7FE4FF6BFD5A" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P. esquirolii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) to strongly oblique (<45 degrees from costae in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1862997F84FCB8FD5A" box="[690,799,716,738]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcilobus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862997F84FCB8FD5A" box="[690,799,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P. falcilobus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18631F7F84FCCEFD59" bold="true" box="[820,873,717,738]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">veins</emphasis> +free, reaching sinus, translucent sinus membrane often with tuft of hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861FD7FA5FDEEFCBA" bold="true" box="[470,585,748,769]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">aerophores</emphasis> +swollen and conspicuous, protruding from mucilage in developing fronds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860EE7E44FE35FC99" bold="true" box="[197,402,781,802]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of spreading hairs restricted to axes, of various lengths, minute (<0.1 mm) to medium-sized (0.5 mm), stipes often with long tangled hairs; small spherical, sessile or stipitate golden (but never sulfurcolored) glands sometimes present on axes; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862317E04FD47FCD9" bold="true" box="[538,736,845,866]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs, restricted to axes, and sometimes also abundant on laminae between veins ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1862727E24FD03FC39" box="[601,676,877,898]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862727E24FD03FC39" box="[601,676,877,898]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P. canus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862927E25FCB6FC3A" bold="true" box="[697,785,876,897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">pustules</emphasis> +lacking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1863467E24FC32FC39" bold="true" box="[877,917,877,898]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">sori</emphasis> +round, discrete, rarely confluent, medial, along costules, or inframarginal, sometimes restricted to distal portion of pinnae, always indusiate, indusium typically large, especially evident on young fronds, persistent, glabrous or with short hairs or glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1864627EE4FB09FC79" bold="true" box="[1097,1198,941,962]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">sporangia</emphasis> +with capsules lacking glands or hairs, capitate hairs sometimes present on sporangial stalks; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18639F7E85FC51FC5A" bold="true" box="[948,1014,972,993]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">spores</emphasis> +monolete with cristae or echinae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1860E57EA4FEEBFBB9" author="Grimes" box="[206,332,1005,1026]" firstAuthor="Grimes" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="517 - 520" part="34" refId="ref109072" refString="GRIMES, J. W. 1980. Spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae I: Pseudocyclosorus. Kew Bull. 34: 517 - 520." title="Spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae I: Pseudocyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1980">Grimes 1980</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B18617F7EA4FE6AFBB9" author="Li" box="[340,461,1004,1026]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861F07EA5FE41FBBA" box="[475,486,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">x</emphasis> += 36 or 35, six species counted, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBA9B1864887EA4FB14FBB9" box="[1187,1203,1005,1026]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +base number of 35 has been published for three species, based on several counts from multiple authors, and if correct this represents a dysploid change from the ancestral base number 36, which is synapomorphic for the cyclosoroid clade. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1860527904FF54FBD9" author="Loyal" box="[121,243,1101,1122]" firstAuthor="Loyal" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="265 - 266" part="48" refId="ref111578" refString="LOYAL, D. S. 1961. Cytological studies in Himalayan Thelypteridaceae I. Cytology of Thelypteris Schmidel. Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 48: 265 - 266." title="Cytological studies in Himalayan Thelypteridaceae I. Cytology of Thelypteris Schmidel" type="journal article" year="1961">Loyal (1961)</bibRefCitation> +reported a triploid +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18619A7905FE5AFBDA" box="[433,509,1100,1121]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18619A7905FE5AFBDA" box="[433,509,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P. canus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with irregular meiosis from Darjeeling, representing a possible infrageneric hybrid. Shieh and Tsai (1987) reported a putative hybrid between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1862DD7925FBBDFB3A" box="[758,1050,1132,1153]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862DD7925FBBDFB3A" box="[758,1050,1132,1153]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1864617925FF6BFB1A" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocylosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquirolii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1864617925FF6BFB1A" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocylosorus esquirolii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a finding that warrants further investigation. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBA9B18608279E5FC13FA79" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B18608279E5FC13FA79" blockId="83.[121,1252,428,1826]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18608279E5FEA4FB7A" box="[169,259,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.—The combination of deeply dissected pinnae, swollen aerophores (most easily observed in fiddleheads and fresh material), large indusia, and proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to auricles (or aerophores in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1864177985FB29FB5A" box="[1084,1166,1228,1249]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1864177985FB29FB5A" box="[1084,1166,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P.tylodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) is diagnostic for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860F779A5FED9FABA" box="[220,382,1260,1281]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860F779A5FED9FABA" box="[220,382,1260,1281]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1861A079A5FDA2FABA" box="[395,517,1260,1281]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861A079A5FDA2FABA" box="[395,517,1260,1281]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be distinguished by its trilete spores and erect (vs. usually creeping) rhizomes. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860F47845FE9DFA9A" box="[223,314,1292,1313]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860F47845FE9DFA9A" box="[223,314,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +rarely has deeply divided pinnae with free veins, and often bears orangish pear-shaped glands. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860527865FF57FAFA" box="[121,240,1324,1345]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860527865FF57FAFA" box="[121,240,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has similar deeply incised pinnae with free veins, and large persistent indusia, but does not overlap in geographic distribution, and often has more thickly chartaceous (and sometimes pustulate) laminae, pinna bases often short-petiolulate and rounded or cuneate (vs. sessile and truncate), and stipe scales usually thick and persistent (vs. thin and caducous). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18612578C5FE15FA1A" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[270,434,1420,1441]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18612578C5FE15FA1A" box="[270,434,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1861CA78C5FDC2FA1A" box="[481,613,1420,1441]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861CA78C5FDC2FA1A" box="[481,613,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +both may have abruptly reduced auriculate pinnae, but often bear yellowish glands, and are largely non-overlapping with +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862AC78E5FCB9FA7A" box="[647,798,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocylosorus</emphasis> +geographically. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBA9B1860827885FB81F9F9" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B1860827885FB81F9F9" blockId="83.[121,1252,428,1826]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860827885FDF5FA5A" box="[169,594,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18619A7885FDF5FA5A" box="[433,594,1484,1505]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudocyclosorus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, here circumscribed to include 14 species, is most diverse at middle elevations of the Pan-Himalayan region. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861D278A5FD72F9BA" box="[505,725,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1861D278A5FD3EF9BA" box="[505,665,1516,1537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudocyclosorus</taxonomicName> +tylode +</emphasis> +s occupies the most extensive range, occurring from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBA9B1864ED78A4FF11F999" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +to the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBA9B1860D27B44FECEF999" box="[249,361,1549,1570]" name="Philippines" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Philippines</collectingCountry> +. Two species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1861C47B45FDFEF99A" box="[495,601,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocylosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquirolii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861C47B45FDFEF99A" box="[495,601,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P. esquirolii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1862AC7B45FD5DF99A" box="[647,762,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1862AC7B45FD51F99A" box="[647,758,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcilobus">P.falcilobus</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +reach as far north as +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBA9B1863E37B45FBA6F99A" box="[968,1025,1548,1569]" name="Japan" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Japan</collectingCountry> +. Three species occur in Afro-Madagascar. Members of the genus are typically plants of streamsides and forest understories. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBA9B1F60827B05FEDEFD6C" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBA9B1F60827B05FEB4FE2C" blockId="83.[121,1252,428,1826]" lastBlockId="84.[97,1226,161,1655]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860827B05FE56F9DA" box="[169,497,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1862257B04FD2DF9D9" author="Ching" box="[526,650,1613,1634]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="237 - 352" part="6" refId="ref107458" refString="CHING, R. C. 1936. A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 237 - 352." title="A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions" type="journal article" year="1936">Ching (1936</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1862B87B04FD63F9D9" author="Ching" box="[659,708,1613,1634]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Sunyatsenia" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="201 - 268" part="5" refId="ref107498" refString="CHING, R. C. 1940. On natural classification of the family " Polypodiaceae ". Sunyatsenia 5: 201 - 268." title="On natural classification of the family " Polypodiaceae" type="journal article" year="1940">1940</bibRefCitation> +) recognized the species now treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18646A7B05FB46F9DA" box="[1089,1249,1612,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18646A7B05FB46F9DA" box="[1089,1249,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a natural group in early publications, but did not name the genus until later ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1863517B24FC49F939" author="Ching" box="[890,1006,1645,1666]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching 1963</bibRefCitation> +). Based on similarities in venation, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1860F27BC4FEFDF919" author="Ching" box="[217,346,1677,1698]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +believed +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18619C7BC5FDD2F91A" box="[439,629,1676,1697]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18619C7BC5FDD2F91A" box="[439,629,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pelazoneuron patens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B18628D7BC5FD58F91A" box="[678,767,1676,1697]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B18628D7BC5FD58F91A" box="[678,767,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">P. kunthii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +might also be allied, but this is not supported by molecular evidence ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1861177BE4FDB3F979" author="Smith & Cranfill" box="[316,532,1709,1730]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="131 - 150" part="92" refId="ref114628" refString="SMITH, A. R. & R. B. CRANFILL. 2002. Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae). Amer. Fern J. 92: 131 - 150." title="Intrafamilial relationships of the thelypteroid ferns (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2002">Smith & Cranfill 2002</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press). Species-level taxonomy of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1863C77BE5FB2BF97A" box="[1004,1164,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1863C77BE5FB2BF97A" box="[1004,1164,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is highly variable among authors. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1861437B85FD23F959" authority="sensu Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[360,644,1740,1762]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1861437B85FDE6F95A" box="[360,577,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Pseudocyclosorus sensu</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1862BA7B84FCA2F959" author="Ching" box="[657,773,1741,1762]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching 1963</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1863247B84FC3CF959" author="Lin" box="[783,923,1740,1762]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +) included two Chinese species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860527BA5FF52F8BA" box="[121,245,1772,1793]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860527BA5FF52F8BA" box="[121,245,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a genus that was segregated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1862167BA4FD71F8B9" author="Holttum" box="[573,726,1773,1794]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +based on having trilete spores and lacking abruptly reduced proximal pinnae. Holttum and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBA9B1862397A44FD01F899" author="Grimes" box="[530,678,1805,1826]" firstAuthor="Grimes" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="83" pageNumber="73" pagination="517 - 520" part="34" refId="ref109072" refString="GRIMES, J. W. 1980. Spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae I: Pseudocyclosorus. Kew Bull. 34: 517 - 520." title="Spore morphology in Thelypteridaceae I: Pseudocyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1980">Grimes (1980)</bibRefCitation> +recognized twelve species in their generic treatment of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F604A7DE8FEA7FF0D" box="[97,256,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F604A7DE8FEA7FF0D" box="[97,256,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Later, the genus was greatly expanded, and 20 new species were described by Lin (in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F64647DEBFF34FF6C" author="Shing & Lin" firstAuthor="Shing" journalOrPublisher="Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 398" part="4" refId="ref114070" refString="SHING, K. & Y. LIN. 1999. Pteridophyta: Hypodematiaceae, Thelypteridaceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 4: 1 - 398, i-xi." title="Pteridophyta: Hypodematiaceae, Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1999">Shing & Lin 1999</bibRefCitation> +); 38 species are recognized in the Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F621F7D8BFDD5FF6C" box="[564,626,194,215]" name="China" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">China</collectingCountry> +, including the two Chinese species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63C17D8BFF3EFF4C" authority="(Lin et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63C17D8BFBC4FF6C" box="[1002,1123,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Trigonospora</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F645B7D8BFF35FF4C" author="Lin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. However, in a recent revision of the species of the Pan-Himalayan region, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F63437DABFC55FF4C" author="Li" box="[872,1010,226,247]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +recognized only eight species, reducing 21 names to synonymy. It is apparent that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62847C48FCF7FEAD" box="[687,848,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62847C48FCF7FEAD" box="[687,848,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +would benefit from a densely sampled molecular study. For example, the species boundary between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62857C6BFC9AFE8D" box="[686,829,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subochthodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62857C6BFC9AFE8D" box="[686,829,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. subochthodes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63407C6BFC73FE8D" box="[875,980,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocylosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquirolii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63407C6BFC73FE8D" box="[875,980,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.esquirolii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is unclear ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F646A7C6BFB18FE8C" author="Li" box="[1089,1215,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +), and phylogenetic studies that have included multiple accessions of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62FF7C0BFC9BFEED" box="[724,828,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocylosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquirolii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62FF7C0BFC9BFEED" box="[724,828,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.esquirolii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F636D7C0BFC55FEEC" author="He & Zhang" box="[838,1010,322,343]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press) have resolved that species as paraphyletic; these results suggest that further study, especially of widespread and variable taxa, is warranted. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBD9B1F60A47CEBFB6FFDAC" blockId="84.[97,1226,161,1655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +Herein, we adopt a conservative, morphology-based classification largely following +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F63897CEBFB8EFE0C" author="Li" box="[930,1065,418,439]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +, pending further study and a greatly expanded phylogenetic dataset, preferably including taxa recognized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F63FD7C8BFBD6FE6C" author="Lin" box="[982,1137,450,471]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +. An even more conservative taxonomic concept of this group is favored for species of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F63057CABFCC6FE4C" box="[814,865,482,503]" name="India" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">India</collectingCountry> +by Fraser-Jenkins (1997, 2008b), who considered several species and varieties to be synonymous, and treated +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63287F48FC04FDAD" box="[771,931,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63287F48FC04FDAD" box="[771,931,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a subgenus of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F64687F48FB0CFDAD" box="[1091,1195,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F64687F48FB0CFDAD" box="[1091,1195,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBD9B1F64847F48FB6FFDAC" box="[1199,1224,513,535]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F64847F48FB64FDAD" box="[1199,1219,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBD9B1F60BA7F68FEDEFD6C" blockId="84.[97,1226,161,1655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F60BA7F68FE96FD8D" ID-CoL="6ZT7" box="[145,305,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60BA7F68FE96FD8D" box="[145,305,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61B47F6BFDB0FD8C" ID-CoL="823C" box="[415,535,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F61B47F6BFDB0FD8C" box="[415,535,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +plus a clade of two species from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F63717F6BFC69FD8C" box="[858,974,546,567]" name="Madagascar" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63FC7F6BFB6FFD8D" ID-CoL="4KKSY" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[983,1224,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63FC7F6BFB6FFD8D" box="[983,1224,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60A17F08FE99FDED" box="[138,318,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F60A17F08FEA4FDED" ID-CoL="6WT2" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[138,259,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +fidelei +</emphasis> +. This clade is in turn sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62777F08FD6EFDED" ID-CoL="8RG5Z" box="[604,713,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62777F08FD6EFDED" box="[604,713,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, treated herein as a small genus of Southeast Asia and eastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F60857F2BFF5CFDCC" box="[174,251,610,631]" name="Malaysia" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Malesia</collectingCountry> +. Two species here tentatively maintained in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62807F28FCA1FDCD" ID-CoL="3P92" box="[683,774,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62807F28FCA1FDCD" box="[683,774,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBD9B1F63277F2BFC80FDCC" box="[780,807,610,631]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63277F2BFC86FDCC" box="[780,801,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63187F2BFC03FDCD" ID-CoL="5YGPW" box="[819,932,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chaseana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63187F2BFC03FDCD" box="[819,932,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">C. chaseana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63FE7F2BFBF9FDCC" box="[981,1118,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBD9B1F63FE7F2BFC40FDCC" box="[981,999,610,631]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. gueintziana +</emphasis> +, resolve in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F604A7FC8FEA6FD2D" ID-CoL="6ZT7" box="[97,257,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F604A7FC8FEA6FD2D" box="[97,257,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in some individual gene trees (Fawcett et al. in press), suggesting possible hybrid origin. They are not closely related to other species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61897FE8FDBAFD0D" ID-CoL="8RTTY" box="[418,541,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F61897FE8FDBAFD0D" box="[418,541,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, where +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F62437FEBFCAFFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[616,776,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +treated them, despite striking superficial similarity ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F60B47F8BFEC8FD6C" author="Moran & Smith" box="[159,367,706,727]" firstAuthor="Moran" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="304 - 351" part="53" refId="ref112141" refString="MORAN, R. C. & A. R. SMITH. 2001. Phytogeographic relationships between neotropical and African-Madagascan pteridophytes. Brittonia 53: 304 - 351." title="Phytogeographic relationships between neotropical and African-Madagascan pteridophytes" type="journal article" year="2001">Moran & Smith 2001</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBD9B1F60BA7FA8FBB2FC0C" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBD9B1F60BA7FA8FF56FCCC" blockId="84.[97,1226,161,1655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60BA7FA8FEFEFD4D" box="[145,345,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Constituent species.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61727FA8FD47FD4C" ID-CoL="78F48" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[345,736,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camerounensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F61727FA8FD20FD4C" box="[345,647,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus camerounensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62D97FABFBCBFD4C" ID-CoL="6WF3V" authority="(Baker) Holttum & J. W. Grimes" authorityName="Holttum & J. W. Grimes" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[754,1132,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62D97FABFD5BFD4C" box="[754,764,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F632D7FABFC9CFD4C" box="[774,827,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">canus</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum & J.W. Grimes +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F645F7FA8FBD9FD4D" box="[1140,1150,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F64567FA8FEBCFCAC" authority="(Christ) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocylosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquirolii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F64567FA8FF20FCAD" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.esquirolii</emphasis> +(Christ) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F610F7E48FE89FCAD" box="[292,302,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61067E48FD89FCAC" ID-CoL="78F4B" authority="(Hook.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[301,558,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcilobus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F61067E48FE3CFCAD" box="[301,411,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.falcilobus</emphasis> +(Hook.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F621C7E4BFCDAFCAC" ID-CoL="7C7R6" authority="Holttum & J. W. Grimes" authorityName="Holttum & J. W. Grimes" box="[567,893,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gamblei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F621C7E4BFD32FCAD" box="[567,661,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. gamblei</emphasis> +Holttum & J.W. Grimes +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63AE7E4BFB62FCAC" ID-CoL="6WF4F" authority="Holttum & J. W. Grimes" authorityName="Holttum & J. W. Grimes" box="[901,1221,770,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griseus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63AE7E4BFC7BFCAC" box="[901,988,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. griseus</emphasis> +Holttum & J.W. Grimes +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F604A7E6BFE85FC8C" ID-CoL="6WF4G" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[97,290,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="johannae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F604A7E6BFF6EFC8D" box="[97,201,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.johannae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61017E6BFDE3FC8C" ID-CoL="78F4K" authority="(Kunze) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[298,580,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ochthodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F61017E6BFE3EFC8D" box="[298,409,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. ochthodes</emphasis> +(Kunze) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F627C7E6BFC0FFC8C" ID-CoL="4NVF2" authority="Holttum & J. W. Grimes" authorityName="Holttum & J. W. Grimes" box="[599,936,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornatipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F627C7E6BFD65FC8C" box="[599,706,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.ornatipes</emphasis> +Holttum & J.W. Grimes +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F639A7E6BFB62FC8C" ID-CoL="4NVF6" authority="W. M. Chu" authorityName="W. M. Chu" box="[945,1221,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudofalcilobus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F639A7E6BFBFBFC8D" box="[945,1116,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. pseudofalcilobus</emphasis> +W.M. Chu +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F60477E0BFE68FCEC" ID-CoL="4NVF8" authority="(Bory ex Willd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[108,463,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcher"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60477E0BFF6DFCED" box="[108,202,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. pulcher</emphasis> +(Bory ex Willd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61F17E0BFCB3FCEC" ID-CoL="8RDP4" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[474,788,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stramineus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F61F17E0BFDFFFCEC" box="[474,600,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. stramineus</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63017E0BFBFDFCEC" ID-CoL="4NVFF" authority="(Ching) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[810,1114,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subochthodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63017E0BFC19FCED" box="[810,958,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. subochthodes</emphasis> +(Ching) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F645B7E0BFF56FCCC" ID-CoL="5VV53" authority="(Kunze) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F645B7E0BFBDDFCEC" box="[1136,1146,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F64AC7E08FB6EFCED" box="[1159,1225,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">tylodes</emphasis> +(Kunze) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBD9B1F60BA7ECBFBB2FC0C" blockId="84.[97,1226,161,1655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60BA7ECBFE16FC2D" box="[145,433,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +Taxa treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F610B7EC8FE31FC2D" box="[288,406,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName> +.— +</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F619A7EC8FCA3FC2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[433,772,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F619A7EC8FD0BFC2D" box="[433,684,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus caudatus</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63267ECBFBA7FC2C" authority="Holttum. These" authorityName="Holttum. These" box="[781,1024,898,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excisus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63267ECBFCC2FC2C" box="[781,869,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. excisus</emphasis> +Holttum. These +</taxonomicName> +were both described in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F60527EE8FE50FC0C" authority="(Holttum & Roy 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[121,503,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60527EE8FEBEFC0D" box="[121,281,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F610F7EEBFE48FC0C" author="Holttum & Roy" box="[292,495,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="129 - 139" part="13" refId="ref110091" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. & S. K. ROY. 1965. Cytological observations on ferns of New Guinea, with descriptions of new species. Blumea 13: 129 - 139." title="Cytological observations on ferns of New Guinea, with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1965">Holttum & Roy 1965</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +and later transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62F17EEBFBB6FC0C" authority="(Holttum 1973 a)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[730,1041,930,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62F17EEBFCCCFC0C" box="[730,875,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F635D7EEBFBADFC0C" author="Holttum" box="[886,1034,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1973a</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBD9B1F60BA7E8BFE48F9CC" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBD9B1F60BA7E8BFE9FFBEC" blockId="84.[97,1226,161,1655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60BA7E8BFD30FC6D" box="[145,663,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +Names of uncertain status.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61BC7E88FD30FC6D" box="[407,663,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="duclouxii">Pseudocyclosorus duclouxii</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +was treated as dubious by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F63BC7E8BFB84FC6C" author="Li" box="[919,1059,962,983]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F64077E8BFB6EFC6D" box="[1068,1225,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBD9B1F64077E8BFB9DFC6C" box="[1068,1082,962,983]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode> +. furcovenulosus +</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBD9B1F604A7EABFFD5FC4C" box="[97,114,994,1015]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode> +.X. Lin, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F609C7EABFDAFFC4C" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[183,520,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guangxianensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F609C7EABFEFDFC4C" box="[183,346,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P. guangxianensis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F623B7EABFD62FC4C" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[528,709,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F623B7EABFD25FC4C" box="[528,642,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.pectinatus</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62DE7EABFB90FC4C" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[757,1079,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="submarginalis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62DE7EABFC2CFC4D" box="[757,907,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.submarginalis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +were treated in Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F6084794BFF4AFBAC" box="[175,237,1026,1047]" name="China" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">China</collectingCountry> +, but are known from few collections that are unavailable for study, and were not included in the revision by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F6055796BFEADFB8C" author="Li" box="[126,266,1058,1079]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="197 - 216" part="424" refId="ref111093" refString="LI, Z. Y., X. C. ZHANG, Z. L. LIANG, & J. L. LEONARD. 2019. A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus. Phytotaxa 424: 197 - 216." title="A taxonomic revision of fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region, with special reference to the identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus" type="journal article" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F61397968FD13FB8C" authority="Ching & Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Ching & Y. X. Lin" box="[274,692,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibeticus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F61397968FDA2FB8D" box="[274,517,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus tibeticus</emphasis> +Ching & Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +was excluded from the Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F63C1796BFB81FB8C" box="[1002,1062,1058,1079]" name="China" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">China</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F6419796BFB18FB8C" author="Lin" box="[1074,1215,1058,1079]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +), pending further study. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBD9B1F60BA792BFE48F9CC" blockId="84.[97,1226,161,1655]" pageId="84" pageNumber="74"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60BA792BFE80FBCD" box="[145,295,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Incertae sedis.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F610C7928FD72FBCC" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[295,725,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petrophila"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F610C7928FD8DFBCD" box="[295,554,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus petrophila</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, from New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F636A792BFC20FBCC" box="[833,903,1122,1143]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Guinea</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F63B9792BFBF9FBCC" author="Holttum & Roy" box="[914,1118,1122,1143]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="129 - 139" part="13" refId="ref110091" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. & S. K. ROY. 1965. Cytological observations on ferns of New Guinea, with descriptions of new species. Blumea 13: 129 - 139." title="Cytological observations on ferns of New Guinea, with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1965">Holttum & Roy 1965</bibRefCitation> +), treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F604A79CBFE5AFB2C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[97,509,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petrophila"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F604A79CBFEF3FB2D" box="[97,340,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pneumatopteris petrophila</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +in later works, shares the opposite, hastate-auricled reduced proximal pinnae of mainland +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F612B79E8FE07FB0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[256,416,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F612B79E8FE07FB0D" box="[256,416,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and free veins shared among all species, but is +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F637279E8FC07FB0C" box="[857,928,1185,1207]" genus="The" pageId="84" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="major">a major</taxonomicName> +geographic outlier. It may have closer affinities to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F613A7988FE21FB6D" box="[273,390,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F613A7988FE21FB6D" box="[273,390,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F618E7988FDEEFB6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[421,585,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F618E7988FDEEFB6D" box="[421,585,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but we do not believe it is close to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63B0798BFB8BFB6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[923,1068,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63B0798BFB8BFB6C" box="[923,1068,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, where +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F645C798BFF0CFB4C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1973a)</bibRefCitation> +later treated it. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F616779A8FC2DFB4C" authority="(Houlston & T. Moore) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Houlston & T. Moore" box="[332,906,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="articulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F616779A8FD98FB4D" box="[332,575,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pronephrium articulatum</emphasis> +(Houlston & T. Moore) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +was recovered as nested within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F604A7848FEA6FAAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[97,257,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F604A7848FEA6FAAD" box="[97,257,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in recent Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, with 99% posterior probability ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F6394784BFBC7FAAC" author="Patel" box="[959,1120,1281,1303]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +). However, it differs in having up to four pairs of anastomosing veins below the sinus, proximal sori sometimes elongate, and unusual venation not seen elsewhere in the family: abaxially, veins are prominent until reaching sori, and obscure beyond them. The large, persistent indusia agree well with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62B57828FC99FACD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[670,830,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62B57828FC99FACD" box="[670,830,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +but, pending further data confirming its placement in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F60C878C8FE25FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[227,386,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F60C878C8FE25FA2D" box="[227,386,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, we refrain from making a new combination. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBD9B1F631678CBFCEAFA2C" box="[829,845,1410,1431]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +species of the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F63F278CBFB9BFA2C" box="[985,1084,1410,1431]" name="Seychelles" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Seychelles</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBD9B1F644078CBFB6DFA2C" box="[1131,1226,1410,1431]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">São Tomé</collectingCountry> +(see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F60A578EBFE83FA0C" author="Holttum" box="[142,292,1442,1463]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F611F78E8FD1AFA0C" authority="(Bojer) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bojer" box="[308,701,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F611F78E8FDBDFA0D" box="[308,538,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Sphaerostephanos elatus</emphasis> +(Bojer) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +is well supported as sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63CE78E8FB2FFA0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[997,1160,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63CE78E8FB2FFA0D" box="[997,1160,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the nDNA analyses of Fawcett et al. (in press), but is well supported as sister to three species we now recognize as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F64777888FB6EFA6D" box="[1116,1225,1473,1494]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F64777888FB6EFA6D" box="[1116,1225,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in studies relying primarily on cpDNA (e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBD9B1F620B78ABFD6BFA4C" author="Patel" box="[544,716,1505,1527]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="84" pageNumber="74" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F62F778A8FC63FA4D" box="[732,964,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F62F778A8FC63FA4D" box="[732,964,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Sphaerostephanos elatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from all species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F604A7B48FEA6F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[97,257,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F604A7B48FEA6F9AD" box="[97,257,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having several pairs of veins anastomosing below the sinus, but it is alike in having the characteristic proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to triangular auricles, and large, persistent indusia. In our phylogenetic analysis (Fawcett et al. in press) the Afro-Madagascan +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F623E7B0BFDC8F9ED" box="[533,623,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcher"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F623E7B0BFDC8F9ED" box="[533,623,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">P.pulcher</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is sister to all other +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBD9B1F63057B08FC6AF9ED" baseAuthorityName="Holttum & Roy" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[814,973,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBD9B1F63057B08FC6AF9ED" box="[814,973,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="74">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, with the core clade of the genus all from the Pan-Himalayan region. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B18604A795BFD16FF6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B18604A795BFD16FF6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e68fe5a95bd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B18604A795BFD16FF6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,403 @@ +<document id="A7527BD4E675BA5DA5CA689B2E0AFAE8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBB9B18604A795BFD16FF6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pronephrium philippinum S. 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Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="E4D8404DFD0F5B1BAB7D14D64DCB4C7C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="3488061DD7DBD94611E9BED01DD7D464"> +<mods:title id="492D470B47F3F6495519AC21F62B398F">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="AE98766875D9B3046BB70472E4AC20D5" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="A40E28904E13076F018926A0847BDF6E"> +<mods:roleTerm id="78D0D647ADB841E60004F665458046CE">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0B64FA9AD2893F670FF6F0BA0EE063AF">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="A2B5C307B258E90C7948A2740B48B952" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="763EEB1BC5ECC686885451D79A4DD949"> +<mods:roleTerm id="E0CAA5D6838F00716A5E490FD63B3743">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6787A86B3DF9E0B8452334D3DA27BFBB">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="756F83425C57BA68279277A8F8120782">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="E952774CE88225A15416277C5B6AE16E"> +<mods:dateIssued id="5AECDF0540BFA7944F1BA89A284FC6CC">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="49E113C4529831A90E9E7E270450C643">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="3F99712924995E4DA1FDF5AC198E9C46"> +<mods:placeTerm id="4B36B9CA9D09F4FAAB5AC85E11822F5B">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="2533A97C63F30A790E43AA2538CEE9BA">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFBB9B18604A795BFD16FF6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFBB9B18604A795BFD16FF6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFBB9B18604A795BFD16FF6C" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBB9B19604A795BFC8AFB9D" box="[97,813,1041,1063]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B19604A795BFC8AFB9D" blockId="82.[97,1227,162,1089]" box="[97,813,1041,1063]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFBB9B19604A795BFC8AFB9D" box="[97,813,1041,1063]" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A795BFD11FB9C" ID-CoL="8RTYY" authority="(C. Presl) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[97,694,1042,1063]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinum" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A795BFED7FB9C" bold="true" box="[97,368,1042,1063]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium philippinum</emphasis> +(C. Presl) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962EB7958FC8AFB9D" bold="true" box="[704,813,1041,1062]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBB9B1962EB7958FC8AFB9D" box="[704,813,1041,1062]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBB9B196306795CFCCEFBFA" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B196306795CFCCEFBFA" blockId="82.[97,1227,162,1089]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19636B795CFB09FB9E" authority="C. Presl, Epimel. Bot." authorityName="C. Presl, Epimel. Bot." box="[832,1198,1045,1063]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Physematium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19636B795CFBA5FB9D" box="[832,1026,1045,1062]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Physematium philippinum</emphasis> +C. Presl, Epimel. Bot. +</taxonomicName> +34. 1851.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960F77979FD9FFBFA" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[220,568,1072,1089]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippina"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960F77979FE0EFBFA" box="[220,425,1072,1089]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris philippina</emphasis> +(C.Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962137979FDECFBFA" box="[568,587,1072,1089]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962677979FCCEFBFA" authority="(C. Presl) Ching" box="[588,873,1072,1089]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippina"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962677979FD4DFBFA" box="[588,746,1072,1089]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Thelypteris philippina</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBB9B19604A791EFDD9FA16" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B19604A791EFDD9FA16" blockId="82.[97,1228,1111,1805]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A791EFEA9FBD7" box="[97,270,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19611E791EFD2FFBD6" authority="(Blume) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[309,648,1111,1133]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affine"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19611E791EFE42FBD7" box="[309,485,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium affine</emphasis> +(Blume) C. Presl +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962BB791EFC1DFBD6" authority="(Willd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[656,954,1111,1133]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962BB791EFCB7FBD7" box="[656,784,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.amboinense</emphasis> +(Willd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963E9791EFB17FBD6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[962,1200,1111,1133]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amphitrichum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963E9791EFBFFFBD7" box="[962,1112,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.amphitrichum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196493791EFEDAFB36" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatiloides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196493791EFF76FB37" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. aquatiloides</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961BB793EFC98FB36" authority="(Harr.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Harr." box="[400,831,1143,1165]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aoristisorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961BB793EFDBBFB37" box="[400,540,1143,1164]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. aoristisorum</emphasis> +(Harr.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19636C793EFBC5FB36" authority="(Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[839,1122,1143,1165]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borneense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19636C793EFC1FFB37" box="[839,952,1143,1164]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. borneense</emphasis> +(Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196441793EFE71FB16" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camarinense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196441793EFF32FB17" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.camarinense</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961C379DEFD5BFB16" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[488,764,1175,1197]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celebicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961C379DEFDF0FB17" box="[488,599,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.celebicum</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19632F79DEFB8DFB16" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[772,1066,1175,1197]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clemensiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19632F79DEFCD9FB17" box="[772,894,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. clemensiae</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19641979DEFF12FB76" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debile"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19641979DEFBDBFB17" box="[1074,1148,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.debile</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19609579FEFE44FB76" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[190,483,1207,1229]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exsculptum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19609579FEFE9BFB77" box="[190,316,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. exsculptum</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961C779FEFD58FB76" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[492,767,1207,1229]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firmulum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961C779FEFDFFFB77" box="[492,600,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.firmulum</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19632379FEFC76FB76" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[776,977,1207,1229]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giluwense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19632379FEFCDFFB77" box="[776,888,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. giluwense</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963CE79FEFF12FB56" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granulosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963CE79FEFBC0FB77" box="[997,1127,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. granulosum</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196096799EFE62FB56" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[189,453,1239,1261]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hewittii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196096799EFEBEFB57" box="[189,281,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.hewittii</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961F3799EFD65FB56" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[472,706,1239,1261]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hosei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961F3799EFDBBFB57" box="[472,540,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.hosei</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962E1799EFB17FB56" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[714,1200,1239,1261]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequilobatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962E1799EFCC9FB57" box="[714,878,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. inaequilobatum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196493799EFEB1FAB6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kjellbergii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196493799EFF1BFAB7" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. kjellbergii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19610B79BEFD97FAB6" authority="(Blume) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[288,560,1271,1293]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19610B79BEFE20FAB7" box="[288,391,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. lineatum</emphasis> +(Blume) C. Presl +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19626F79BEFC33FAB6" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[580,916,1271,1293]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menisciicarpon"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19626F79BEFD40FAB7" box="[580,743,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. menisciicarpon</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963B579BEFB09FAB6" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[926,1198,1271,1293]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="merrillii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963B579BEFBA5FAB7" box="[926,1026,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. merrillii</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19649379BEFEAFFA96" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="millarae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19649379BEFF0AFA97" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. millarae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196139785EFE57FA96" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[274,496,1303,1325]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minahassae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196139785EFE32FA97" box="[274,405,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. minahassae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961D1785EFC17FA96" authority="(Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa & K. Iwats." box="[506,944,1303,1325]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliforme"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961D1785EFDD8FA97" box="[506,639,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. moniliforme</emphasis> +(Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196391785EFEB3FAF6" authority="(M. Kato) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="M. Kato" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="murkelense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196391785EFB9EFA97" box="[954,1081,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. murkelense</emphasis> +(M. Kato) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196135787EFD08FAF6" authority="(Fee) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[286,687,1335,1357]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nervosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196135787EFE37FAF7" box="[286,400,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. nervosum</emphasis> +(Fée) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196292787EFC40FAF6" authority="(Hosok.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hosok." box="[697,999,1335,1357]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palauense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196292787EFC89FAF7" box="[697,814,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. palauense</emphasis> +(Hosok.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963D7787EFF13FAD6" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peltatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963D7787EFBC1FAF7" box="[1020,1126,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. peltatum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFBB9B1960E87811FEACFAD6" box="[195,267,1368,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960E87811FEACFAD6" bold="true" box="[195,267,1368,1389]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Fig. 7C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19610B781EFDAEFAD6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[288,521,1367,1389]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peramalense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19610B781EFE0AFAD7" box="[288,429,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. peramalense</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196238781EFC43FAD6" authority="(C. Presl) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[531,996,1367,1389]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Physematium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196238781EFD3DFAD7" box="[531,666,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. philippinum</emphasis> +(C. Presl) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963D3781EFF12FA36" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombeum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963D3781EFBD3FAD7" box="[1016,1140,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. rhombeum</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B196097783EFE7CFA36" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[188,475,1399,1421]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samarense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B196097783EFE96FA37" box="[188,305,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.samarense</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961C8783EFCAAFA36" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[483,781,1399,1421]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simillimum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961C8783EFDF9FA37" box="[483,606,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.simillimum</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19633E783EFC41FA36" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[789,998,1399,1421]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solsonicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19633E783EFC29FA37" box="[789,910,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.solsonicum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963C5783EFB61FA36" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1006,1222,1399,1421]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thysanoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963C5783EFBCAFA37" box="[1006,1133,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.thysanoides</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A78DEFEF5FA16" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[97,338,1431,1453]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A78DEFF5DFA17" box="[97,250,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.trachyphyllum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19614E78DEFDD9FA16" authority="(Christ) Holttum" box="[357,638,1431,1453]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xiphioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19614E78DEFE71FA17" box="[357,470,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P.xiphioides</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBB9B1860BA78FFFD16FF6C" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B1960BA78FFFE7AF9F7" blockId="82.[97,1228,1111,1805]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960BA78FFFE8EFA77" box="[145,297,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Excluded species</emphasis> +.—Several species included in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19626578FFFC28FA70" box="[590,911,1462,1484]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Dimorphopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19626578FFFD60FA70" box="[590,711,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962D678FFFC28FA70" box="[765,911,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B19639878F1FBEEFA76" author="Holttum" box="[947,1097,1464,1485]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +are excluded here. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960BE789FFE27FA50" box="[149,384,1494,1515]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="articulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960BE789FFE27FA50" box="[149,384,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium articulatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, distributed in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBB9B1962387891FDD6FA56" box="[531,625,1496,1517]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBB9B1962517891FD08FA56" box="[634,687,1496,1517]" name="India" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">India</collectingCountry> +, and southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBB9B1963177891FCDDFA56" box="[828,890,1496,1517]" name="China" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">China</collectingCountry> +, is morphologically distinctive and may be nested within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19611878BFFD20F9B6" authority="(Patel et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Patel" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[307,647,1526,1549]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19611878BFFE74F9B0" box="[307,467,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBB9B1961F678B1FD27F9B6" author="Patel" box="[477,640,1527,1549]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="82" pageNumber="72" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. Several species are transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963E178BFFBC9F9B0" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[970,1134,1526,1547]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963E178BFFBC9F9B0" box="[970,1134,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; all other members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960FE7B5FFE78F996" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[213,479,1558,1581]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960FE7B5FFEE9F990" box="[213,334,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sensu Holttum +</taxonomicName> +not listed as constituents of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962C37B5FFC26F997" box="[744,897,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962C37B5FFCC6F990" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[744,865,1558,1579]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBB9B19634F7B5EFC26F997" box="[868,897,1559,1580]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +(our new sense) here are treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A7B7FFF6AF9F0" box="[97,205,1590,1611]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A7B7FFF6AF9F0" box="[97,205,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960F37B7FFEE7F9F0" box="[216,320,1590,1611]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960F37B7FFEE7F9F0" box="[216,320,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961487B7EFE70F9F7" box="[355,471,1591,1612]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961487B7EFE70F9F7" box="[355,471,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B1960BA7B1EFE49F976" blockId="82.[97,1228,1111,1805]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960BA7B1EFDBFF9D0" box="[145,536,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19617C7B1FFE5AF9D0" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[343,509,1622,1643]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sphaerostephanos</taxonomicName> +.— +</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962337B1FFCD6F9D6" authority="(Harr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Harr." box="[536,881,1622,1645]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bakeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962337B1FFD75F9D0" box="[536,722,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium bakeri</emphasis> +(Harr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963AF7B1EFB02F9D6" authority="(Ces.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ces." box="[900,1189,1622,1645]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beccarianum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963AF7B1EFBA8F9D0" box="[900,1039,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. beccarianum</emphasis> +(Ces.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1964937B1EFE97F936" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brauseanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1964937B1EFF73F930" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. brauseanum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961107B3EFD35F936" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[315,658,1654,1677]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulusanicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961107B3EFE6DF930" box="[315,458,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. bulusanicum</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962B67B3EFC69F936" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[669,974,1654,1677]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diminutum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962B67B3EFCBCF930" box="[669,795,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. diminutum</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963F37B3EFC46F937" box="[984,993,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963C97B3EFF12F916" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963C97B3EFBD5F930" box="[994,1138,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. glandulosum</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1960967BDEFDB2F916" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[189,533,1686,1709]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanophlebium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960967BDEFECEF910" box="[189,361,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. melanophlebium</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1962367BDEFCBFF916" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[541,792,1687,1709]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micropinnatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1962367BDEFD18F917" box="[541,703,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. micropinnatum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19630B7BDEFC8EF917" box="[800,809,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963027BDEFBDBF916" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[809,1148,1686,1709]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963027BDEFC1AF910" box="[809,957,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. pentaphyllum</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1964AF7BDEFB2AF917" box="[1156,1165,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1964A57BDEFEAFF976" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scopulorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1964A57BDEFF17F970" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. scopulorum</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19613B7BFEFEBEF977" box="[272,281,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961327BFEFE49F976" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[281,494,1718,1741]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="womersleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961327BFEFE3FF970" box="[281,408,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">P. womersleyi</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B1860BA7B9EFD16FF6C" blockId="82.[97,1228,1111,1805]" lastBlockId="83.[121,1249,161,215]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1960BA7B9EFEABF950" box="[145,268,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1961027B9FFD79F956" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[297,734,1750,1773]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthocarpum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1961027B9FFD91F950" box="[297,566,1750,1771]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium acanthocarpum</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +was recognized by Holttum in subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1964177B9EFB17F957" box="[1084,1200,1751,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1964177B9EFB17F957" box="[1084,1200,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. It has setose sporangia, which do not occur in members of that genus as treated here, but are common in species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1860527DE8FF41FF0D" box="[121,230,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1860527DE8FF41FF0D" box="[121,230,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Its short stature, trifoliolate laminae, and proliferous buds, however, agree with +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBA9B1863C07DE8FBFDFF0D" box="[1003,1114,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="73"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBA9B1863C07DE8FBF1FF0D" box="[1003,1110,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="83" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Grypothrix</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +Careful study of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFBA9B1860987D8BFF79FF6C" box="[179,222,194,215]" pageId="83" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus> +is needed to determine its taxonomic placement. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E3BFEE5FC1A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E3BFEE5FC1A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5398dd3507b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E3BFEE5FC1A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="80466C561B64950ABA867A427B20893C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E3BFEE5FC1A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pronephrium inaequilobatum S. 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Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="4109CCCE4EABED5ACCCC4296FF5E64CE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="24F005ECC40FE58CC225D71ACEA9F59F"> +<mods:title id="C8946059063FE4CA93E96DA2C22FCA30">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="A2DADDEE305D429CF701CDC72E6E1D5B" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="31086D8F2436AF6C2AA61D81609B35BA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4DAD47D422500B13CBE45B909F17F435">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6CC1A9C957370F5D4E7B78A0E3512C28">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="85E8B46A498947B26E0F65711FD46709" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="0BB1B0B534A20A49A4B63979C9726474"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6D2F596643ED8A917658CAB286B7FF07">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="456314BD5335A7B92A73AC9A5D191D86">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="8A3939E05089CD84603191956F9BFF16">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="C31D96C19C7718CFC2ED773566D38099"> +<mods:dateIssued id="8D686C91CDC5F4760789DB16E683F077">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="7B2802280DE68E7F453873530933A556">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="A704BCF1DBCFD8B7AE9C8AC6B68BD397"> +<mods:placeTerm id="2E3F6A4062EB4330AA602E91CD520C9A">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="2019041FBC54023A4CA2CFAF864E6A13">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E3BFEE5FC1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E3BFEE5FC1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E3BFEE5FC1A" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBB9B19604A7E3BFCD4FC3D" box="[97,883,881,903]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B19604A7E3BFCD4FC3D" blockId="82.[97,1227,162,1089]" box="[97,883,881,903]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFBB9B19604A7E3BFCD4FC3D" box="[97,883,881,903]" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19604A7E3BFD5FFC3C" ID-CoL="8RTV8" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,760,882,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequilobatum" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19604A7E3BFE39FC3C" bold="true" box="[97,414,882,903]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Pronephrium inaequilobatum</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963297E38FCD4FC3D" bold="true" box="[770,883,881,902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBB9B1963297E38FCD4FC3D" box="[770,883,881,902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBB9B19635F7E3CFEE5FC1A" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBB9B19635F7E3CFEE5FC1A" blockId="82.[97,1227,162,1089]" pageId="82" pageNumber="72"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFBB9B1963AC7E3CFE98FC1A" author="Holttum" journal="Kalikasan" page="67" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" score="1.916957444336731E-5" volume="2" year="1973"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B1963AC7E3CFF4AFC1A" ID-CoL="8RC5G" authority="Holttum, Kalikasan" authorityName="Holttum, Kalikasan" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequilobata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B1963AC7E3CFBDCFC3D" box="[903,1147,885,902]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris inaequilobata</emphasis> +Holttum, Kalikasan +</taxonomicName> +2:67. 1973 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E41FB3EFC8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E41FB3EFC8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0f6dbd48a2e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E41FB3EFC8C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +<document id="0DB34AA8B6801C234326E3DBA96ED40C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7E41FB3EFC8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pronephrium aoristisorum S. 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Foug. +</taxonomicName> +5:244 (Gen.Filic.).1852.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBB9B19608A7EB3FE6AFBB7" authority="(Fee) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[161,461,1018,1036]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nannothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="82" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nervosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBB9B19608A7EB3FEF9FBB0" box="[161,350,1018,1035]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="72">Nannothelypteris nervosa</emphasis> +(Fée) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7EE1FE9AFC6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7EE1FE9AFC6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d66027b6cc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7EE1FE9AFC6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="C58C88C617778BF0BF7A3D6793E0BAFC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBB9B19604A7EE1FE9AFC6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pronephrium murkelense S. 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Sin." page="313" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E60527D82FED8FF5B" ID-CoL="8R5Z4" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[121,383,203,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60527D82FE9DFF5B" bold="true" box="[121,314,203,224]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +, +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFBC9B1E61A27D82FD1DFF5B" box="[393,698,203,224]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="313" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963">Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8:313. 1963</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBC9B1E62967D87FEFAFF40" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1E62967D87FEFAFF40" blockId="85.[121,1248,163,251]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFBC9B1E62E47D87FD48FF65" box="[719,751,206,222]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBC9B1E62E47D87FD48FF65" box="[719,751,206,222]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E62D27D87FBC9FF5B" ID-CoL="8RBHX" authority="(Kunze) Ching" authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1963" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[761,1134,206,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrrhorhachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62D27D87FC52FF64" box="[761,1013,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorhachis</emphasis> +(Kunze) Ching +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E64AC7D87FEFEFF40" ID-CoL="BCCKW" authority="Kunze" authorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrrhorhachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64AC7D87FE84FF41" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Polypodium pyrrhorhachis</emphasis> +Kunze +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatmentCitationGroup> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBC9B1E60B27C46FDFDFE80" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1E60B27C46FDE1FEA5" blockId="85.[153,602,270,315]" box="[153,582,270,288]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60B27C46FF45FEA4" box="[153,226,271,287]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Toppingia</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBC9B1E60CE7C46FF53FE9B" box="[229,244,271,288]" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13093" name="Botanical Museum - University of Oslo" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">O</collectionCode> +. Deg., +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBC9B1E610F7C47FE8BFEA5" box="[292,300,270,286]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&quot; University" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode> +. Deg. & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBC9B1E61477C46FEDDFE9B" box="[364,378,271,288]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBC9B1E61567C46FE2DFE9B" box="[381,394,271,288]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">R</collectionCode> +.Sm. ex +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBC9B1E61EE7C46FE73FE9B" box="[453,468,271,288]" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13093" name="Botanical Museum - University of Oslo" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">O</collectionCode> +. Deg.& +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBC9B1E623F7C47FDBBFEA5" box="[532,540,270,286]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&quot; University" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode> +. Deg. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1E60B27C60FDFDFE80" blockId="85.[153,602,270,315]" box="[153,602,297,315]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +For additional generic synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E619F7C63FD83FE80" author="Holttum" box="[436,548,298,315]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E62007C63FDF6FE80" author="Holttum" box="[555,593,298,315]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBC9B1E60527C19FBA7FEDE" box="[121,1024,336,358]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1E60527C19FBA7FEDE" blockId="85.[121,1250,336,1797]" box="[121,1024,336,358]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60527C19FF46FEDE" box="[121,225,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E61307C19FEC6FEDE" box="[283,353,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">pseudo,</emphasis> +false + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E618E7C19FE45FEDE" box="[421,482,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">phegos</emphasis> +, beech + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62117C19FDC8FEDE" box="[570,623,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">pteris</emphasis> += fern; a distinctive relative of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E63BB7C19FC5DFEDE" box="[912,1018,336,357]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E63BB7C19FC5DFEDE" box="[912,1018,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBC9B1E60817C38FCF0FB3D" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1E60817C38FCF0FB3D" blockId="85.[121,1250,336,1797]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +Plants terrestrial, fronds of determinate growth (except in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E62D97C39FC34FE3E" box="[754,915,368,389]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keraudreniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62D97C39FC34FE3E" box="[754,915,368,389]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P. keraudreniana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, where growth is indeterminate), mostly medium-sized to very large, 50–300+ cm tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62457CD8FD6BFE1D" bold="true" box="[622,716,401,422]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">rhizomes</emphasis> +short- to long-creeping, or ascending, or erect, with thin scales, these brown to tan, lanceolate, with scattered hairs along margins and sometimes sparingly on surface; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64B57CF8FB46FE7D" bold="true" box="[1182,1249,433,454]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">fronds</emphasis> +clustered, or remote, monomorphic; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E61CB7C98FDBBFE5D" bold="true" box="[480,540,465,486]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">stipes</emphasis> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBC9B1E62097C98FD21FE5E" box="[546,646,464,486]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" unit="cm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 cm</quantity> +long, not grooved adaxially, stramineous to red-brown, often glossy; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60947CB8FE95FDBE" bold="true" box="[191,306,496,518]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">stipe scales</emphasis> +thin, lanceolate to ovate, light brown, +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBC9B1E62897CB8FD54FDBE" box="[674,755,496,518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity> +long, typically with superficial hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64777CB9FB39FDBE" bold="true" box="[1116,1182,496,517]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">blades</emphasis> +herbaceous to chartaceous, lacking buds or proliferations, pinnate-pinnatifid to bipinnate-pinnatifid or slightly more divided, with blade apex gradually tapering and pinnatifid; proximal pinnae of well-developed fronds not reduced or with 1–2 lowermost pairs somewhat reduced (sometimes to less than half the length of longest pinnae), but blades lacking greatly reduced, glanduliform pinnae; rachises adaxially not grooved, bearing simple and sometimes forked acicular hairs, some spp. glabrescent, typically lacking scales at maturity (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E62D67FD9FCF7FD1E" box="[765,848,656,677]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dianae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62D67FD9FCF7FD1E" box="[765,848,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P. dianae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is densely and persistently scaly); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60527FF8FF18FD7D" bold="true" box="[121,191,689,710]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">pinnae</emphasis> +usually opposite to subopposite, sessile or increasingly adnate, especially more distal pinna (e.g., as in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E64A07FF9FF1FFD5E" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rectangularis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64A07FF9FF1FFD5E" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P.rectangularis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), spreading or obliquely spreading, costae not grooved adaxially, truncate at bases, acute at tips, to ca. 15(–20) × 2(–3) cm wide, pinnatifid or pinnate-pinnatifid with pinnules strongly adnate and often connected at their bases, in larger species free, sessile or nearly so, with or without acroscopic and/or basiscopic, more lobed basal auricles; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64877E58FB46FC9D" bold="true" box="[1196,1249,785,806]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">veins</emphasis> +free, often forking in ultimate segments, ± prominent, at least readily visible on both sides, vein ends clavate adaxially and not reaching segment margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E61E27E19FD9DFCDE" bold="true" box="[457,570,848,869]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">aerophores</emphasis> +absent at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E63247E18FC74FCDD" bold="true" box="[783,979,849,870]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">indument abaxially</emphasis> +, if present, of sparse to moderately dense unicellular hyaline acicular hairs, lacking scales, blades often glabrescent with age; short-stipitate glands sometimes present along costae and costules; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62117ED8FCA3FC1D" bold="true" box="[570,772,913,934]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBC9B1E64117ED8FBD3FC1E" box="[1082,1140,912,934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +long along costae, sometimes also with hairs on costules and ultimate veins, occasionally on laminar tissue between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60527E99FF77FC5E" bold="true" box="[121,208,976,997]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">pustules</emphasis> +absent on abaxial surfaces between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E625A7E98FD3EFC5D" bold="true" box="[625,665,977,998]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">sori</emphasis> +medial to supramedial, round to oblong (length 2 × width), exindusiate, not confluent at maturity; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E61DD7EB8FDFCFBBD" bold="true" box="[502,603,1009,1030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">sporangia</emphasis> +short-stalked, capsules glabrous or with short setulae 0.1–0.2 mm and/or yellowish short-stipitate glands ca. 0.1 mm adjacent to annulus; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E63017959FCCBFB9E" bold="true" box="[810,876,1040,1061]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">spores</emphasis> +tan to brown, with numerous shallow and narrow ridges forming a reticulate network of polygonal areoles having a smooth or papillate surface ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E64A77978FF0DFBDD" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E60997919FE3CFBDD" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[178,411,1104,1126]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E61887918FDE5FBDD" author="Patel" box="[419,578,1104,1126]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +), lacking broad wings; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E63307919FC81FBDE" box="[795,806,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">x</emphasis> += 31, diploids and tetraploids known, about 10 spp. counted. No hybridization with any other genus has been demonstrated. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBC9B1E608279D9FB98FAFD" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1E608279D9FB98FAFD" blockId="85.[121,1250,336,1797]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E608279D9FEADFB1E" box="[169,266,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—Characters used by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E61C879D8FDDCFB1D" author="Holttum" box="[483,635,1169,1190]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969)</bibRefCitation> +to separate +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E62DB79C6FC3CFB1F" box="[752,923,1167,1188]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62DB79C6FC3CFB1F" box="[752,923,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E63FD79C6FBD4FB1F" box="[982,1139,1167,1188]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E63FD79C6FBD4FB1F" box="[982,1139,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +include: 1) thinner, brownish stipe base and rhizome apex scales on +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E628379E6FCF5FB7F" box="[680,850,1199,1220]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E628379E6FCF5FB7F" box="[680,850,1199,1220]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(vs. pale thickened scales); 2) absence of septate hairs on axes and blades in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E61EF7986FDC9FB5F" box="[452,622,1231,1252]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E61EF7986FDC9FB5F" box="[452,622,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(vs. often septate); and exindusiate sori (vs. often with small indusia). In addition, ultimate segments and distal pinnae in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E62B379A6FCE5FABF" box="[664,834,1263,1284]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62B379A6FCE5FABF" box="[664,834,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are more pronouncedly adnate, the pinnae are opposite (vs. alternate), and there are differences in spore ornamentation. These two genera have retained their rank in publications on the family by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E61817878FD86FAFD" author="Smith" box="[426,545,1329,1350]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFBC9B1E61817878FE43FAFD" box="[426,484,1329,1350]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1990 +</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E62017878FDFAFAFD" author="Smith" box="[554,605,1329,1350]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="705 - 731" part="55" refId="ref114696" refString="SMITH, A. R., K. M. PRYER, E. SCHUETTPELZ, P. KORALL, H. SCHNEIDER, & P. G. WOLF. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55: 705 - 731." title="A classification for extant ferns" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation> +) and in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E62837878FC84FAFD" author="PPG I" box="[680,803,1328,1350]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">PPG I (2016)</bibRefCitation> +, as well as many recent floras. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBC9B1E60827806FEA3F97E" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1E60827806FEA3F97E" blockId="85.[121,1250,336,1797]" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60827806FDF9FADF" box="[169,606,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E61987806FDF9FADF" box="[435,606,1359,1380]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudophegopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises 28 species and is widely distributed from tropical West Africa (and offshore island endemic species on +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E62177838FD3EFA3D" box="[572,665,1393,1414]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">São Tomé</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E62EC7838FC8DFA3D" box="[711,810,1393,1414]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">St. Helena</collectingCountry> +), +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E63127838FC0AFA3D" box="[825,941,1393,1414]" name="Madagascar" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E639D7838FBADFA3D" box="[950,1034,1393,1414]" name="Réunion" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Réunion</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E64387838FBEFFA3D" box="[1043,1096,1393,1414]" name="India" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">India</collectingCountry> +, southeast Asia, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E608978D9FF7DFA1E" box="[162,218,1424,1445]" name="Japan" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Japan</collectingCountry> +, through +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E611D78D8FE27FA1D" box="[310,384,1425,1446]" name="Malaysia" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Malesia</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E61B578D8FE19FA1D" box="[414,446,1425,1446]" name="Fiji" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Fiji</collectingCountry> +and Hawaii ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E621778D8FD60FA1D" author="Holttum" box="[572,711,1425,1446]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation> +). The greatest diversity in the genus is in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E647B78D8FB29FA1D" box="[1104,1166,1425,1446]" name="China" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">China</collectingCountry> +, with 12 species (including four endemics), one with two varieties ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E62B778F8FC83FA7D" author="Lin" box="[668,804,1456,1478]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +). One of the oceanic island endemics, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E64A278F9FB7DFA7F" box="[1161,1242,1455,1477]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dianae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64A278F9FB7DFA7F" box="[1161,1242,1455,1477]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P.dianae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E60857898FEB4FA5D" box="[174,275,1489,1510]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">St. Helena</collectingCountry> +, is remarkable in its very dense, persistent, light brown, glabrous, ovate scales along the rachis. The other five Atlantic and Indian Ocean island species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E624A78B9FCA7F9BF" box="[609,768,1519,1541]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andringitrensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E624A78B9FCA7F9BF" box="[609,768,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P.andringitrensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E632178B9FCC1F9BF" box="[778,870,1519,1541]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aubertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E632178B9FCC1F9BF" box="[778,870,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P. aubertii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E635B78B9FC77F9BE" box="[880,976,1520,1541]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruciata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E635B78B9FC77F9BE" box="[880,976,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P.cruciata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E63F178B9FBF3F9BF" box="[986,1108,1519,1541]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="henriquesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E63F178B9FBF3F9BF" box="[986,1108,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P. henriquesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E64AE78B9FF3CF99F" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rammelooi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64AE78B9FF3CF99F" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P.rammelooi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E60E17B58FEFAF99D" author="Holttum" box="[202,349,1553,1574]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E614E7B58FD84F99D" author="Pichi Sermolli" box="[357,547,1553,1574]" firstAuthor="Pichi Sermolli" journalOrPublisher="I. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg." pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="177 - 284" part="53" refId="ref112883" refString="PICHI SERMOLLI, R. E. G. 1983. A contribution to the knowledge of the Pteridophyta of Rwanda, Burundi, and Kivu (Zaire). I. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 53: 177 - 284." title="A contribution to the knowledge of the Pteridophyta of Rwanda, Burundi, and Kivu (Zaire)" type="journal article" year="1983">Pichi Sermolli 1983</bibRefCitation> +), are much more similar to the larger, bipinnate-pinnatifid species such as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E60527B79FEADF9FF" authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1963" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[121,266,1583,1605]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yunkweiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60527B79FEADF9FF" box="[121,266,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P. yunkweiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E611D7B79FE3AF9FF" box="[310,413,1583,1605]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paludosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E611D7B79FE3AF9FF" box="[310,413,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P.paludosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from southeast Asia and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBC9B1E62BF7B79FD79F9FE" box="[660,734,1584,1605]" name="Malaysia" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Malesia</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E62C27B79FCDAF9FE" author="Holttum" box="[745,893,1584,1605]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +). The sole species in Hawaii, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E64BB7B79FF6CF9DF" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keraudreniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E64BB7B79FF6CF9DF" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">P.keraudreniana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is quite rare and localized; it differs from all others in the genus in having indeterminate growth, with dormant tips growing intermittently after lower pinnae mature ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E62AC7B39FCA2F93E" author="Palmer" box="[647,773,1648,1669]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer 2003</bibRefCitation> +). Species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E63537B26FB85F93F" box="[888,1058,1647,1668]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E63537B26FB85F93F" box="[888,1058,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occur mainly along streams, in thickets, and in rock crevices in dense lowland and montane forests, up to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBC9B1E63827BD9FC56F91E" box="[937,1009,1680,1701]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity> +; most species occur from +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBC9B1E60527BF9FEA7F97E" box="[121,256,1712,1733]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–2500 m</quantity> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBC9B1D60827B99FBF8FCAC" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBC9B1D60827B99FF78FD8C" blockId="85.[121,1250,336,1797]" lastBlockId="86.[97,1226,161,791]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="85" pageNumber="75"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E60827B99FDABF95F" box="[169,524,1743,1765]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.—</emphasis> +Both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E62147B86FD4EF95F" box="[575,745,1743,1764]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E62147B86FD4EF95F" box="[575,745,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBC9B1E633C7B86FC14F95F" box="[791,947,1743,1764]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBC9B1E633C7B86FC14F95F" box="[791,947,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="75">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were first recognized at generic rank by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E60E37BB9FEEEF8BE" author="Ching" box="[200,329,1776,1797]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +. Holttum’s studies further clarified their distinction and differences ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E63F37BB9FBC5F8BE" author="Holttum" box="[984,1122,1776,1797]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E64417BB9FB3DF8BE" author="Holttum" box="[1130,1178,1776,1797]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBC9B1E64887BB9FB79F8BE" author="Holttum" box="[1187,1246,1776,1797]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="85" pageNumber="75" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D604A7DEBFF39FF0C" author="Holttum" box="[97,158,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D608C7DEBFF7EFF0C" author="Holttum" box="[167,217,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D60C27DE8FE34FF0D" box="[233,403,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D60C27DE8FE34FF0D" box="[233,403,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62A47DE8FC8CFF0D" box="[655,811,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62A47DE8FC8CFF0D" box="[655,811,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D63707DE8FC63FF0D" box="[859,964,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D63707DE8FC63FF0D" box="[859,964,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which together constitute the subfamily +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D60C37D8BFDBEFF6C" authority="(PPG I 2016)" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[232,537,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae"> +Phegopteridoideae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D618F7D8BFDB4FF6C" author="PPG I" box="[420,531,194,215]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016"> +PPG +<date id="FFA01020FFBF9B1D61FD7D8BFDB4FF6C" box="[470,531,194,215]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" value="2016-01">I 2016</date> +</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. In our analyses (Fawcett et al. in press), and also those of He and Zhang (2012), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D608C7DABFEDCFF4C" author="Schneider" box="[167,379,226,247]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="61 - 70" part="51" refId="ref113867" refString="SCHNEIDER, H., L-J. HE, J. MARQUARDT, L. WANG, J. HEINRICHS, S. HENNEQUIN, & X-C. ZHANG. 2013. Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 61 - 70." title="Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris" type="journal article" year="2013">Schneider et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +, and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D61817DABFDC8FF4C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[426,623,226,247]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D625D7DA8FC87FF4D" box="[630,800,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D625D7DA8FC87FF4D" box="[630,800,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is monophyletic and sister to a monophyletic +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D604A7C48FF6DFEAD" box="[97,202,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A7C48FF6DFEAD" box="[97,202,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and this combined clade is in turn sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D625B7C48FCACFEAD" box="[624,779,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D625B7C48FCACFEAD" box="[624,779,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The close relationship of these three genera is evidenced by the fact they are all free-veined, often with forked veins that end before reaching the segment margins, and stipes, rachises, and costae not grooved adaxially. This separates them from all other genera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D63F07C0BFB25FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[987,1154,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D604A7C28FF56FECD" box="[97,241,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A7C28FF56FECD" box="[97,241,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and some +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D617C7C2BFE70FECC" box="[343,471,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D617C7C2BFE70FECC" box="[343,471,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which are not closely related. The phegopteroids were clearly understood and delineated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D60CE7CCBFEDCFE2C" author="Holttum" box="[229,379,386,407]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969)</bibRefCitation> +, who provided a revision/synopsis of these genera, prior to their recognition as subfamily +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D604A7CEBFE2CFE0C" authority="(PPG I 2016)" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[97,395,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae"> +Phegopteridoideae( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D61317CEBFE22FE0C" author="PPG I" box="[282,389,418,439]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016"> +PPG +<date id="FFA01020FFBF9B1D61617CEBFE22FE0C" box="[330,389,418,439]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" value="2016-01">I2016</date> +</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +.In part,because of the greater blade dissection in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D637F7CE8FC59FE0D" box="[852,1022,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D637F7CE8FC59FE0D" box="[852,1022,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D640C7CE8FB6EFE0D" box="[1063,1225,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D640C7CE8FB62FE0D" box="[1063,1221,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Macrothelypteris</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +but also because of a belief in the relationship of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62077C8BFD76FE6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[556,721,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +to Cyatheaceae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D63447C8BFC50FE6C" author="Holttum" box="[879,1015,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Gardens' Bull. (Singapore)" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="267 - 298" part="11" refId="ref109375" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1947. New species of vascular plants from the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bull. (Singapore) 11: 267 - 298." title="New species of vascular plants from the Malay Peninsula" type="journal article" year="1947">Holttum 1947</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D63D57C8BFB88FE6C" author="Holttum" box="[1022,1071,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D641C7C8BFBCFFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[1079,1128,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), Holttum thought these three genera showed the most primitive frond-form in the family. Although they are sister to all other taxa of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D60517F4BFEB8FDAC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[122,287,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +in molecular analyses, all evidence suggests that they are not closely related to, or derived from, Cyatheaceae. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D60BA7F0BFBE2FD4C" blockId="86.[97,1226,161,791]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D60BA7F0BFF6CFDEC" box="[145,203,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Notes.</emphasis> +—Based on a sample of five species, spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62AB7F08FC8DFDED" box="[640,810,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62AB7F08FC8DFDED" box="[640,810,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are very distinctive and consistently sculptured: low ridges forming a polygonal reticulate network, smooth papillose intra-areolar surfaces, and a gemmulate exospore ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D60EF7FCBFE14FD2C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[196,435,642,663]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +). This is somewhat similar to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62FF7FC8FC9AFD2D" box="[724,829,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62FF7FC8FC9AFD2D" box="[724,829,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has spores that differ in having a relatively unsculptured surface or a more coarsely reticulate network with a tuberculate intra-areolar surface. Spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D604A7F88FF5AFD6D" box="[97,253,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A7F88FF5AFD6D" box="[97,253,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have a finer reticulate network of ridges with smaller, more rounded areoles (similar to spores of some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D60EA7FA8FE91FD4D" box="[193,310,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D60EA7FA8FE91FD4D" box="[193,310,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or a coarser, more irregular network of perforate folds ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D63647FABFB9DFD4C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[847,1082,738,759]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D60A47E4BFBF8FCAC" blockId="86.[97,1226,161,791]" box="[143,1119,769,791]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +All necessary combinations except one have been made in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62977E48FCC2FCAD" box="[700,869,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62977E48FCC2FCAD" box="[700,869,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D63A77E4BFBBDFCAC" author="Holttum" box="[908,1050,770,791]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D64087E4BFBF2FCAC" author="Holttum" box="[1059,1109,770,791]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B01FEC6F9CC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B01FEC6F9CC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5c05445ee55 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B01FEC6F9CC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +<document id="D1D7CF7B4FE16F4C1B7148A3DF4E8081" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B01FEC6F9CC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia boridensis S. 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62EA7B0EFC88F9E7" bold="true" box="[705,815,1607,1628]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBE9B1C62EA7B0EFC88F9E7" box="[705,815,1607,1628]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBE9B1C63047B02FEC6F9CC" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBE9B1C63047B02FEC6F9CC" blockId="87.[121,1251,1516,1815]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63047B02FCE4F9E0" box="[815,835,1611,1627]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C63697B02FBD5F9E7" authority="Holttum., Fl." authorityName="Holttum., Fl." box="[834,1138,1610,1628]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boridensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63697B02FBAEF9E0" box="[834,1033,1610,1627]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris boridensis</emphasis> +Holttum., Fl. +</taxonomicName> +Males., Ser. 2, Pterid.1(5):434.1982. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B34FE56F917.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B34FE56F917.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..24d7b44bd13 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B34FE56F917.xml @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +<document id="4F3759B0428EB5C2D39C21F7B9E9695D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBE9B1C60527B34FE56F917" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Reholttumia bryanii S. 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S. Expl. Exp." page="28" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" score="3.9461290490146026" volume="16" year="1854"> +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFBE9B1C63D37BA2FF79F8AC" author="Wilkes" journal="U. S. Expl. Exp." page="28" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" score="3.9461290490146026" volume="16" year="1854"> +Wilkes, +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFBE9B1C64137BA2FF79F8AC" journal="U. S. Expl. Exp." page="28" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" score="3.9461290490146026" volume="16" year="1854"> +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C64137BA2FBFFF947" box="[1080,1112,1771,1788]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">U.S.</collectingCountry> +Expl. Exp. 16:28. 1854 +</bibCitation> +</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C60DE7A4CFE5CF8AC" ID-CoL="8R8PN" authority="(Brack.) 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Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C63787A4CFBCCF8AC" ID-CoL="8RFD4" authority="(Brack.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[851,1131,1797,1815]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63787A4CFC78F8AE" box="[851,991,1797,1814]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Thelypteris costata</emphasis> +(Brack.) 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authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[842,1191,1717,1735]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="christelloides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63617BFCFB84F97D" box="[842,1059,1717,1734]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris christelloides</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +21:311. 1973 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1C6200787DFF1FFA6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1C6200787DFF1FFA6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c08fa4863f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1C6200787DFF1FFA6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ +<document id="D03E0C6CBB1E87B4CC2F2C606ACDD5E9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" 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id="E2EDA259C977AB4802CE76BA436CBF08">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="5B554C87FE698429A77B1B945D2D31EF">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFBF9B1C6200787DFF1FFA6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFBF9B1C6200787DFF1FFA6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFBF9B1C6200787DFF1FFA6C" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBF9B1D6200787DFD58FAF5" box="[555,767,1332,1358]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D6200787DFD58FAF5" blockId="86.[555,767,1332,1358]" box="[555,767,1332,1358]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFBF9B1D6200787DFD58FAF5" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[555,767,1332,1358]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D6200787DFD58FAF5" ID-CoL="8RTZR" box="[555,767,1332,1358]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D6200787DFD58FAF5" bold="true" box="[555,767,1332,1358]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">REHOLTTUMIA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBF9B1D604A7814FDC2FA2C" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D604A7814FB6FFACA" blockId="86.[97,1224,1372,1394]" box="[97,1224,1372,1394]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D604A7814FE14FAC9" authority="S.E. Fawc. & A.R.Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." box="[97,435,1372,1394]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A7814FF78FAC9" bold="true" box="[97,223,1373,1394]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Reholttumia</emphasis> +S.E. Fawc. & A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D61927815FDA8FACA" bold="true" box="[441,527,1372,1393]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBF9B1D61927815FDA8FACA" box="[441,527,1372,1393]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFBF9B1D620A7829FDE7FACB" box="[545,576,1376,1392]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFBF9B1D620A7829FDE7FACB" box="[545,576,1376,1392]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62637829FC6AFACA" authority="(C. Presl) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[584,973,1376,1393]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62637829FD7AFACA" box="[584,733,1376,1393]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Reholttumia nitidula</emphasis> +(C.Presl) S.E. Fawc.& A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D63CA7829FB63FACA" authority="C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" box="[993,1220,1376,1393]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidulum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D63CA7829FB22FACA" box="[993,1157,1376,1393]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Nephrodium nitidulum</emphasis> +C.Presl +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D60AA78CCFDC2FA2C" blockId="86.[129,613,1413,1431]" box="[129,613,1413,1431]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +For species synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D616178CFFE64FA2C" author="Holttum" box="[330,451,1414,1431]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1973a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D61E278CFFE50FA2C" author="Holttum" box="[457,503,1414,1431]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D61D578CFFD89FA2C" author="Holttum" box="[510,558,1414,1431]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D621F78CFFDFCFA2C" author="Holttum" box="[564,603,1414,1431]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBF9B1D604A78E5FF56F9FA" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D604A78E5FF56F9FA" blockId="86.[97,1226,1452,1794]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A78E5FF79FA7A" box="[97,222,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Etymology.—</emphasis> +The name honors Richard Eric Holttum (1895–1990), whose keen insights, perseverance, and fundamental contributions to our knowledge of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D61F87884FDDFFA59" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[467,632,1485,1506]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +enabled the present work. Holttum’s focus was especially on species in the Old World tropics where the family is most diverse and least known. His careful examination of +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFBF9B1D64B578A5FB6DF9BA" box="[1182,1226,1516,1537]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus> +material in numerous +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D61127B44FED6F999" box="[313,369,1549,1570]" genus="The" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +herbaria resolved many problems that had plagued the taxonomy of the group for more than a century. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBF9B1C60B97B04FE55FDCC" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1C60B97B04FE55FDCC" blockId="86.[97,1226,1452,1794]" lastBlockId="87.[121,1250,162,1495]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +Plants terrestrial, medium-sized to large (to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBF9B1D627C7B04FDD9F9DA" box="[599,638,1612,1634]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity> +tall); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62977B04FCB9F9D9" bold="true" box="[700,798,1613,1634]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">rhizomes</emphasis> +ascending, erect, short-creeping or rarely long-creeping, rhizome scales brown, often caducous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62527B24FD1AF939" bold="true" box="[633,701,1645,1666]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, erect to arching, rarely pendant, pinnate-pinnatifid; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D60D57BC4FE9DF919" bold="true" box="[254,314,1677,1698]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, less often brown; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D625E7BC4FD4BF91A" bold="true" box="[629,748,1676,1698]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">stipe scales</emphasis> +thick, brown, broadly ovate to linear-lanceolate, glabrous or with marginal setae, apparently caducous, rarely extending to rachis ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D63527BE4FC5AF97A" box="[889,1021,1708,1730]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rodigasiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D63527BE4FC5AF97A" box="[889,1021,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">R. rodigasiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D643A7BE5FBF4F97A" bold="true" box="[1041,1107,1708,1729]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, drying green, sometimes brown-olivaceous, but never reddish, blade apex gradually reduced, proximal pinnae not reduced, or gradually to subabruptly reduced to small, sometimes auriculate pinnae, the smallest typically at least +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBE9B1C61377DEBFEEAFF0C" box="[284,333,162,183]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity> +long, rarely less than +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBE9B1C62087DEBFDF8FF0C" box="[547,607,162,183]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +, proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63737DEBFC39FF0C" bold="true" box="[856,926,162,183]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">pinnae</emphasis> +sessile to subsessile, pinna-bases truncate, margins usually incised 1/3–3/5 to costae, segment apices typically rounded, sometimes truncate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C64BC7D8BFF38FF4C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="truncata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64BC7D8BFF38FF4C" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. truncata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), rarely acute ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C61017DABFE27FF4C" box="[298,384,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C61017DABFE27FF4C" box="[298,384,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R.costata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), proximal pinnae gradually tapered towards bases or with acroscopic auricles; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64457DABFB04FF4C" bold="true" box="[1134,1187,226,247]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">veins</emphasis> +of one to three pairs anastomosing to form an excurrent veinlet running to sinus membrane, or ending below it ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C64587C4BFB74FEAD" box="[1139,1235,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecallosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64587C4BFB74FEAD" box="[1139,1235,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. ecallosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), subsequent veins ending at margin above sinus; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62727C68FD6BFE8D" bold="true" box="[601,716,289,310]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">aerophores</emphasis> +absent, or present as swelling or discoloration at pinna-base, never peg-like; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C614A7C0BFD8EFEEC" bold="true" box="[353,553,322,343]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of short, erect hairs sometimes present on axes, laminar tissue typically glabrous, but erect acicular hairs sometimes present ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62AF7C2BFD42FECD" box="[644,741,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecallosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62AF7C2BFD42FECD" box="[644,741,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. ecallosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62D17C2BFC63FECC" bold="true" box="[762,964,354,375]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">indument adaxially</emphasis> +often restricted to antrorsely arching hyaline or reddish hairs along rachis and costae, but short-erect hairs sometimes present on axes; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64A17CC8FB45FE2D" bold="true" box="[1162,1250,385,406]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">pustules</emphasis> +sometimes present on adaxial laminae, these large and irregular or minute, colorless, and glandular ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C646E7CEBFB02FE0D" box="[1093,1189,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecallosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C646E7CEBFB02FE0D" box="[1093,1189,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. ecallosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64927CEBFB46FE0C" bold="true" box="[1209,1249,418,439]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">sori</emphasis> +round, discrete, typically medial on veins, sometimes inframedial, almost always indusiate (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C64357C8BFBD1FE6C" box="[1054,1142,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64357C8BFBD1FE6C" box="[1054,1142,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. costata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +sometimes exindusiate), though shriveled indusia in mature sori may be obscure, indusia dark brown, glabrous or with acicular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C60987F4BFEBFFDAC" bold="true" box="[179,280,514,535]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous, or with stipitate glands on capsules, these usually colorless, rarely bearing setulae (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C64E67F4BFF65FD8C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyoura"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64E67F4BFF65FD8C" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. oxyoura</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C60FE7F68FEB0FD8D" bold="true" box="[213,279,545,566]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">spores</emphasis> +tan to brown, perine with tubercles or robust echinae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C63097F6BFC64FD8C" author="Patel" box="[802,963,546,567]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="87" pageNumber="77" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C63E77F6BFB12FD8C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[972,1205,546,567]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64EE7F6BFB77FD8C" box="[1221,1232,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">x</emphasis> += 36, based on five species counts, mostly diploid, but +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62417F0BFD76FDEC" box="[618,721,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="truncata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62417F0BFD76FDEC" box="[618,721,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. truncata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has both diploid and tetraploid cytotypes. No interspecific or intergeneric hybrids are known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBE9B1C60827FC8FCEAFC6C" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBE9B1C60827FC8FCEAFC6C" blockId="87.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C60827FC8FE36FD2D" box="[169,401,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C610B7FC8FE36FD2D" box="[288,401,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Reholttumia</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62447FCBFCA6FD2C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[623,769,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62447FCBFCA6FD2C" box="[623,769,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBE9B1C632C7FCBFC84FD2C" box="[775,803,642,663]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C632C7FCBFCBAFD2C" box="[775,797,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +by having inconspicuous or swollen (vs. peglike) aerophores; segment apices typically rounded or truncate (vs. broadly acute); sporangia sometimes bearing stipitate glands, but rarely setulose; proximal pinnae gradually or subabruptly (vs. abruptly) reduced, rarely reduced to less than +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBE9B1C60867FABFF40FD4C" box="[173,231,738,759]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +long; and laminae drying green, or brown-olivaceous (vs. sometimes reddish). The pinna segments of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C60527E48FF4DFCAD" box="[121,234,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C60527E48FF4DFCAD" box="[121,234,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +typically have about 7 veins per cm (vs. about 11 veins per cm in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C63537E4BFBACFCAC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[888,1035,770,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63537E4BFBACFCAC" box="[888,1035,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBE9B1C64397E4BFB8BFCAC" box="[1042,1068,770,791]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64397E4BFB8EFCAC" box="[1042,1065,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +), but species with smaller proportions, and narrower pinnae (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62637E6BFD6DFC8C" box="[584,714,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macroptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62637E6BFD6DFC8C" box="[584,714,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. macroptera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62FD7E6BFCF8FC8D" box="[726,863,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kerintjiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62FD7E6BFCF8FC8D" box="[726,863,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. kerintjiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) may have as many as 11 veins per cm. Another species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C61367E0BFECCFCED" box="[285,363,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C61367E0BFECCFCED" box="[285,363,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. laevis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is atypical in the genus in having oblique, asymmetric pinnae, small stature, and a creeping rhizome; it is also the earliest-diverging species in our sample. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62E47E28FC8EFCCD" box="[719,809,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62E47E28FC8EFCCD" box="[719,809,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs by generally having abundant hairs on axes and laminae, and often by having characteristic pear-shaped orangish laminar and sporangial glands; it also lacks laminar pustules. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C610E7EE8FE6EFC0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[293,457,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C610E7EE8FE6EFC0D" box="[293,457,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in sometimes having yellow, sessile spherical glands. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C64267EE8FB25FC0D" box="[1037,1154,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64267EE8FB25FC0D" box="[1037,1154,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs by having dark (vs. tan) spores, and pinnae usually incised nearly to the costae. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBE9B1C60827EA8FC67FB2C" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBE9B1C60827EA8FC67FB2C" blockId="87.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C60827EA8FE34FC4D" box="[169,403,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—The 30 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C627E7EA8FD62FC4D" box="[597,709,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C627E7EA8FD62FC4D" box="[597,709,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occur in forests and openings, often beside streams, generally at lower elevations, but some species reach about +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFBE9B1C62AE794BFD76FBAC" box="[645,721,1026,1047]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity> +. The greatest species diversity is in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C6434794BFBCCFBAC" box="[1055,1131,1026,1047]" name="Malaysia" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, but a dozen species occur in the Pacific and Australasia ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C6231796BFD09FB8C" author="Holttum" box="[538,686,1058,1079]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +), with one species reaching the Hawaiian Islands ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C64A0796BFF0BFBEC" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hudsoniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64A0796BFF0BFBEC" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. hudsoniana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). The western range of the genus nearly corresponds to that of its most widespread and highly variable species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C64E6790BFF6FFBCC" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="truncata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C64E6790BFF6FFBCC" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. truncata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which occurs in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C6158792BFE6AFBCC" box="[371,461,1122,1143]" name="Australia" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Australia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C61FD792BFDB3FBCC" box="[470,532,1122,1143]" name="China" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">China</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C6236792BFDF5FBCC" box="[541,594,1122,1143]" name="India" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">India</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C6271792BFD35FBCC" box="[602,658,1122,1143]" name="Japan" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Japan</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C62B7792BFD6CFBCC" box="[668,715,1122,1143]" name="Laos" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Laos</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C62FF792BFC8BFBCC" box="[724,812,1122,1143]" name="Malaysia" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Malaysia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C631F792BFC27FBCC" box="[820,896,1122,1143]" name="Malaysia" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C63A1792BFC4EFBCC" box="[906,1001,1122,1143]" name="Myanmar" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Myanmar</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C63D9792BFBF6FBCC" box="[1010,1105,1122,1143]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C6471792BFB13FBCC" box="[1114,1204,1122,1143]" name="Thailand" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Thailand</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C605279CBFF69FB2C" box="[121,206,1154,1175]" name="Vietnam" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +. The genus is represented on +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFBE9B1C61C879CBFDF1FB2C" box="[483,598,1154,1175]" name="Madagascar" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +by at least one species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C631979CBFC1DFB2C" box="[818,954,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C631979CBFC1DFB2C" box="[818,954,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">R. remotipinna</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBE9B1C608279EBFF1FFA6C" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBE9B1C608279EBFF1FFA6C" blockId="87.[121,1250,162,1495]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C608279EBFE49FB0D" box="[169,494,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—All constituent species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62D479E8FCC8FB0D" box="[767,879,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62D479E8FCC8FB0D" box="[767,879,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were treated within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C641879EBFB63FB0C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1075,1220,1186,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C641879EBFB63FB0C" box="[1075,1220,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C6052798BFEAAFB6C" author="Holttum" box="[121,269,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C6133798BFEF2FB6C" author="Holttum" box="[280,341,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">1973a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C614B798BFE3BFB6C" author="Holttum" box="[352,412,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="87" pageNumber="77" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C618D798BFE42FB6C" author="Holttum" box="[422,485,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBE9B1C61DB798BFD84FB6C" author="Holttum" box="[496,547,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). However, his taxonomic concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C63B7798BFB95FB6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[924,1074,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63B7798BFB95FB6C" box="[924,1074,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has proven to be extremely broad and heterogeneous, as it encompasses species from ten distinct lineages, which we treat herein within existing genera or in newly described genera (see +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62AB784BFCBDFAAC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[640,794,1282,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62AB784BFCBDFAAC" box="[640,794,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for further discussion). Because the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFBE9B1C64B37848FB62FAAD" box="[1176,1221,1281,1302]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C6052786BFEAEFA8C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[121,265,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C6052786BFEAEFA8C" box="[121,265,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C613F786BFEC8FA8D" box="[276,367,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C613F786BFECBFA8D" box="[276,364,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">P.callosa</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +is in a small clade that is sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C62987868FCF0FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[691,855,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C62987868FCF0FA8D" box="[691,855,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(a genus of about 200 species; +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFBE9B1C6456786BFB14FA8C" box="[1149,1203,1314,1335]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C6456786BFB14FA8C" bold="true" box="[1149,1203,1314,1335]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), we recognize +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C60F5780BFED6FAEC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[222,369,1346,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C60F5780BFED6FAEC" box="[222,369,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in a greatly restricted sense, and segregate +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C63357808FC28FAED" box="[798,911,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63357808FC28FAED" box="[798,911,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +—a morphologically coherent and large clade that is sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C615A782BFDA5FACC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[369,514,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C615A782BFDA5FACC" box="[369,514,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBE9B1C622D782BFD85FACD" box="[518,546,1377,1399]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C622D782BFDBBFACC" box="[518,540,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +plus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C627F7828FD5EFACD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[596,761,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C627F7828FD5EFACD" box="[596,761,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C632E782BFCE6FACC" bold="true" box="[773,833,1378,1399]" pageId="87" pageNumber="77"> +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFBE9B1C632E782BFC9BFACC" box="[773,828,1378,1399]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1</figureCitation> +; +</emphasis> +Fawcett et al. in press). This new genus represents the largest segregate of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C618B78CBFD47FA2D" authority="sensu Holttum. In" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[416,736,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C618B78CBFDCEFA2C" box="[416,617,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Pneumatopteris sensu</emphasis> +Holttum. In +</taxonomicName> +our phylogenetic analyses, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBE9B1C63CD78C8FBF1FA2D" box="[998,1110,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="87" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBE9B1C63CD78C8FBF1FA2D" box="[998,1110,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="77">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is represented by 25 accessions, including 13 of 30 currently recognized species, and several undescribed species (Fawcett et al. in press). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7E1BFDA1FC3A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7E1BFDA1FC3A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..22f3b646169 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7E1BFDA1FC3A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +<document id="DEBC9C25804B6F1DE1009296EF731E42" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7E1BFDA1FC3A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pseudophegopteris rammelooi A. 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Serm.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Pic. Serm." box="[97,727,850,871]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rammelooi" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A7E1BFE34FCDC" bold="true" box="[97,403,850,871]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris rammelooi</emphasis> +(Pic.Serm.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62F67E18FCE0FCDD" bold="true" box="[733,839,849,870]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFBF9B1D62F67E18FCE0FCDD" box="[733,839,849,870]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBF9B1D636C7E1CFDA1FC3A" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D636C7E1CFDA1FC3A" blockId="86.[97,1227,812,897]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D63717E1CFB6CFCDC" authority="Pic. Serm., Bull. Jard." box="[858,1227,853,871]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rammelooi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D63717E1CFB8BFCDD" box="[858,1068,853,870]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Macrothelypteris rammelooi</emphasis> +Pic.Serm.,Bull.Jard. +</taxonomicName> +Bot.Natl.Belg.53(1/2):270(–272),fig.16.1983. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFD9CFAB6.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFD9CFAB6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8dfad58769c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFD9CFAB6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +<document id="7CDD22BE6BF95D86F6266B9E5372864C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFD9CFAB6" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pseudophegopteris andringitrensis Rakotondr." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="AB4F3C3C92256625AAB356DE4F41C856" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="993AD6E900004F960FDA8B666562B4C3"> +<mods:title id="ADEDDFEBD1CDB879DBC0F74077A8BD40">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="3D8529E12367B8F64B532E45C310F218" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="A809F89B31F1BF29890E263C95AED8C3"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5A9A9EAC0A1054A0F95DDEF27FE298ED">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="71A81CC030293E0C6F5062F43D0C19A2">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="0764D9D174C072DA87084FAE54FD7CF2" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9FF4948C973EB5A2ED8A70E7AB9F278B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="132A9F9191B50989EFBDC0D3B06FE923">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C9CB53576881DC0844DB4B37A3D9E9A8">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="229161D920BC7DC2AA9407517489B696">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="597F616110F2705593A1B98C0B3B2AE9"> +<mods:dateIssued id="5A45750B17962244DB92532C77B4F381">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="7CA972E06316ED762D0A137A55CD2102">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="484B489A5F978FE889C4E318EDD48F6E"> +<mods:placeTerm id="0332A96F0EABE17A2E02FF8C07A2EB19">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="FCF2407F85983D0BDB4712282426C1A5">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFD9CFAB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFD9CFAB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFD9CFAB6" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBF9B1D604A7EDEFDE3FB36" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFDE3FB36" blockId="86.[97,1228,919,1293]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A7EDEFEB0FC17" box="[97,279,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D611D7EDEFD51FC16" ID-CoL="8RDPF" authority="Rakotondr." authorityName="Rakotondr." box="[310,758,919,941]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andringitrensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D611D7EDEFDDBFC17" box="[310,636,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris andringitrensis</emphasis> +Rakotondr. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62D47EDEFBAAFC16" authority="(Desv.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[767,1037,919,941]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aubertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62D47EDEFCC5FC17" box="[767,866,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. aubertii</emphasis> +(Desv.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D643C7EDEFB87FC17" box="[1047,1056,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D640B7EDEFF07FC76" authority="(Hook.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D640B7EDEFBD2FC17" box="[1056,1141,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. aurita</emphasis> +(Hook.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D60EB7EFEFE7DFC77" authority="Ching & S. K. Wu" authorityName="Ching & S. K. Wu" box="[192,474,951,973]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D60EB7EFEFE85FC77" box="[192,290,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. brevipes</emphasis> +Ching & S.K. Wu +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D61C47EFEFCBBFC76" authority="(Tagawa) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa" box="[495,796,951,973]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bukoensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D61C47EFEFDC6FC77" box="[495,609,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. bukoensis</emphasis> +(Tagawa) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D631A7EFEFBE3FC76" authority="(Willd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[817,1092,951,973]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruciata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D631A7EFEFC33FC77" box="[817,916,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. cruciata</emphasis> +(Willd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D64657EFEFF12FC56" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyclocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D64657EFEFB6EFC77" box="[1102,1225,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. cyclocarpa</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D60957E9EFE1CFC56" authority="(Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[190,443,983,1005]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dianae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D60957E9EFEB6FC57" box="[190,273,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P.dianae</emphasis> +(Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D61EF7E9EFD55FC57" authority="K. U. Kramer & Zogg" authorityName="K. U. Kramer & Zogg" box="[452,754,983,1005]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fijiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D61EF7E9EFD86FC57" box="[452,545,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P.fijiensis</emphasis> +K.U. Kramer & Zogg +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62D07E9EFBBAFC56" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[763,1053,983,1005]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="henriquesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62D07E9EFCD0FC57" box="[763,887,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. henriquesii</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D641A7E9EFF4AFBB6" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtirachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D641A7E9EFB01FC57" box="[1073,1190,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. hirtirachis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D61297EBEFDC1FBB6" authority="(Gaudich.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Gaudich." box="[258,614,1015,1037]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keraudreniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D61297EBEFE38FBB7" box="[258,415,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. keraudreniana</emphasis> +(Gaudich.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D625B7EBEFCF9FBB6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[624,862,1015,1037]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kinabaluensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D625B7EBEFCA2FBB7" box="[624,773,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. kinabaluensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D63587EBEFB3EFBB6" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[883,1177,1015,1037]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="levingei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D63587EBEFC77FBB7" box="[883,976,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. levingei</emphasis> +(C.B. Clarke) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D64937EBEFEFCFB96" authority="(Hook.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microstegia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D64937EBEFF6DFB97" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. microstegia</emphasis> +(Hook.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D6148795EFE5EFB96" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[355,505,1047,1069]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D6148795EFE10FB97" box="[355,439,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P.pallida</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D6227795EFCA1FB96" authority="(Blume) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[524,774,1047,1069]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paludosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D6227795EFDD5FB97" box="[524,626,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P.paludosa</emphasis> +(Blume) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D6324795EFBB8FB96" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[783,1055,1047,1069]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persimilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D6324795EFCDBFB97" box="[783,892,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P.persimilis</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D6419795EFF5DFBF6" authority="(Kunze) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrrhorhachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D6419795EFB6EFB97" box="[1074,1225,1047,1068]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. pyrrhorhachis</emphasis> +(Kunze) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D612E797EFD42FBF7" authority="(Pic. Serm.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Pic. Serm." box="[261,741,1079,1101]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rammelooi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D612E797EFE25FBF7" box="[261,386,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. rammelooi</emphasis> +(Pic.Serm.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62D1797EFB93FBF6" authority="(Zoll.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Zoll." box="[762,1076,1079,1101]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rectangularis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62D1797EFC37FBF7" box="[762,912,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. rectangularis</emphasis> +(Zoll.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D647E797EFF5CFBD6" authority="(Tagawa) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaurita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D647E797EFB6EFBF7" box="[1109,1225,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. subaurita</emphasis> +(Tagawa) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D612F791EFE74FBD6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[260,467,1111,1133]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatrana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D612F791EFEDCFBD7" box="[260,379,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. sumatrana</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D61F0791EFD1EFBD6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[475,697,1111,1133]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenggerensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D61F0791EFDC6FBD7" box="[475,609,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. tenggerensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D62E0791EFC79FBD7" authority="Ching & S. K. Wu" authorityName="Ching & S. K. Wu" box="[715,990,1111,1133]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D62E0791EFC8CFBD7" box="[715,811,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. tibetana</emphasis> +Ching & S. K. Wu +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D63CD791EFB02FBD6" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[998,1189,1111,1133]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yigongensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D63CD791EFBC4FBD7" box="[998,1123,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P.yigongensis</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D6493791EFED7FB36" authority="(Ching) Ching" authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1963" baseAuthorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yunkweiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D6493791EFF7AFB37" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. yunkweiensis</emphasis> +(Ching) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D61A5793EFDE3FB36" authority="Ching." box="[398,580,1143,1165]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zayuensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D61A5793EFE5BFB37" box="[398,508,1143,1164]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">P. zayuensis</emphasis> +Ching. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFBF9B1D60B979D1FD9CFAB6" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFBF9B1D60B979D1FD9CFAB6" blockId="86.[97,1228,919,1293]" pageId="86" pageNumber="76"> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFBF9B1D60B979D1FED7FB16" author="Schneider" box="[146,368,1175,1197]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="86" pageNumber="76" pagination="61 - 70" part="51" refId="ref113867" refString="SCHNEIDER, H., L-J. HE, J. MARQUARDT, L. WANG, J. HEINRICHS, S. HENNEQUIN, & X-C. ZHANG. 2013. Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 61 - 70." title="Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris" type="journal article" year="2013">Schneider et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +sampled 10 species, and concluded that there has been a higher diversification rate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D604A79FEFEACFB77" box="[97,267,1207,1228]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D604A79FEFEACFB77" box="[97,267,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(largely tropical), as compared with its sister genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFBF9B1D632179FEFCD2FB77" box="[778,885,1207,1228]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="86" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFBF9B1D632179FEFCD2FB77" box="[778,885,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="76">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(largely temperate), but that a latitudinal difference in the distribution of these genera might be a reflection of a greater extinction rate in the latter, and possibly a consequence of uplift of the Himalayas. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a37747bff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ +<document id="C3E0EE8244ED48D61CA2B5A67593E9DC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Chingia" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="6526C860A445053A017618BB3982D4CF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="D815556E68E1CAEF86D8D11750A1E518"> +<mods:title id="F62EAA61A1DD64ADB035F06647B35A76">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="6F2413C6E230E8EFBBE132CCA2E31F62" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="891AEF160C56D027F2AE0A8DE7E53629"> +<mods:roleTerm id="8B42296D1EA1C4286C45BCD7EE702AC1">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="F6434E53A48ECBAC61EE85C6CE6F30EC">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="DC394222E9A4282A7BA6BEC37FA23D77" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="6044DCE44AB017595DA26FCE42A5B893"> +<mods:roleTerm id="A3FD9BCA0A81AD189EA7895837825EA0">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2F388897DF5C259939D241B81A5883E1">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="2CE9478706CB62FD80B6B66FFAAA3701">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="AE2AF5A60D9BC4CF8CF9FEACE665AD4E"> +<mods:dateIssued id="829A22A0A20E2B0532BC51DDEDBAFB14">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="1BA6BA68B69AC16E7F8DC2379946598C">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="5E72244CF3CE23BAE3AF5071E843233A"> +<mods:placeTerm id="3E6B365EF81F85893DE0CB3830A13EB7">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="78C0DD3B2CC1CD2524080204C744E732">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" blockId="41.[121,969,1279,1341]" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" ID-CoL="3N7T" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" bold="true" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">CHINGIA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B6260527861FDF0FADA" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B6260527861FC6EFA87" blockId="41.[121,969,1279,1341]" box="[121,969,1320,1341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFC09B6260527861FE46FA86" author="Chingia Holttum" box="[121,481,1320,1341]" journal="Blumea" page="31" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260527861FED5FA86" ID-CoL="3N7T" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[121,370,1320,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260527861FF6DFA86" bold="true" box="[121,202,1320,1341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Chingia</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +19:31. 1971 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC09B6261D67862FDBAFA80" box="[509,541,1323,1339]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC09B6261D67862FDBAFA80" box="[509,541,1323,1339]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62620E7863FCABFA87" ID-CoL="5XRSK" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[549,780,1322,1340]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62620E7863FD21FA80" box="[549,646,1322,1339]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Chingia ferox</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6263097863FC63FA87" ID-CoL="HFWF" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[802,964,1322,1340]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6263097863FC28FA80" box="[802,911,1322,1339]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Aspidium ferox</emphasis> +Blume +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B6260B27819FDF0FADA" blockId="41.[153,599,1360,1377]" box="[153,599,1360,1377]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62615B7819FE4DFADA" author="Holttum" box="[368,490,1360,1377]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kalikasan" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="13 - 28" part="3" refId="ref109606" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia. Kalikasan 3: 13 - 28." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1974b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6261DB7819FD87FADA" author="Holttum" box="[496,544,1360,1377]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62620D7819FDEAFADA" author="Holttum" box="[550,589,1360,1377]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B626052783EFBABFA16" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B626052783EFBABFA16" blockId="41.[121,1250,1399,1805]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B626052783EFF5FFA37" box="[121,248,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Named in honor of Chinese pteridologist Ren Chang Ching (1898–1986), who published extensively on the ferns of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC09B6260C378D1FE83FA16" box="[232,292,1432,1453]" name="China" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry> +and developed the first modern classification for Old World +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62634B78D1FBAFFA16" box="[864,1032,1432,1453]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B61608378F1FBA5FE0C" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B61608378F1FBA5FE0C" blockId="41.[121,1250,1399,1805]" lastBlockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +Plants terrestrial, of open sites, with tree-fern habit, reaching heights of +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B62637E78F1FCDBFA77" box="[853,892,1463,1485]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity> +, though plants under +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B62646578F1FBD4FA77" box="[1102,1139,1463,1485]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity> +tall may be fertile; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260907891FEBEFA56" bold="true" box="[187,281,1496,1517]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">rhizomes</emphasis> +erect and caulescent, to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B6261D47891FD9EFA57" box="[511,569,1495,1517]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity> +thick or greater, trunks to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B62631E7891FCFDFA57" box="[821,858,1495,1517]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity> +tall, stipe bases persistent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6264717891FB3AFA56" bold="true" box="[1114,1181,1496,1517]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, erect, arching or spreading from caudex, usually pinnate-pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatisect, rarely ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6264A378BEFF14F997" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName=", Tryon & Lugardon" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6264A378BEFF14F997" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">C. marattioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) bipinnate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62610F7B51FEF8F996" bold="true" box="[292,351,1560,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to castaneous, with flat to terete scales, or hairs and scales; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6264297B51FBD4F997" bold="true" box="[1026,1139,1559,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">stipe scales</emphasis> +proximally dense, thick, stiff, setiferous, dark brown to blackish, linear-lanceolate, to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B6263127B71FCCFF9F7" box="[825,872,1591,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity> +long, transitioning to spreading, terete, spine-like scales distally, sometimes scales extending onto rachises, often breaking, leaving darkened stump-like scars, sometimes containing foul-smelling, irritating liquid ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6262B97B3EFCC5F937" box="[658,866,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262B97B3EFD43F937" box="[658,740,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urens">C. urens</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262C57B3EFCC5F937" box="[750,866,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malodora">C. malodora</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62635C7B3EFC1DF937" bold="true" box="[887,954,1655,1676]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, drying green or reddish, ovate to lanceolate, proximally lacking greatly reduced or glanduliform proximal pinnae, with apex gradually reduced or conform, pinnae generally not greatly reduced distally, proliferous buds lacking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6263D77BF1FBE5F976" bold="true" box="[1020,1090,1720,1741]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">pinnae</emphasis> +sessile or shortpetiolulate, with bases truncate, rounded, or broadly cuneate, not or little dilated at the base, margins dentate to deeply lobed, with prominent sinus-membranes; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62627D7BB1FD2CF8B6" bold="true" box="[598,651,1784,1805]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">veins</emphasis> +of one or more pairs generally anastomosing below the sinus (free in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160827DEBFF50FF0C" box="[169,247,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pricei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160827DEBFF50FF0C" box="[169,247,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. pricei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61610F7DEBFE09FF0D" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName=", Tryon & Lugardon" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[292,430,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61610F7DEBFE09FF0D" box="[292,430,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. marattioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), with many more pairs running along sinus membrane, large individuals with> 30 pairs of veins per segment, basalmost veins often arising from costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163377D88FC37FF6D" bold="true" box="[796,912,193,214]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">aerophores</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163C97D8BFB08FF6C" bold="true" box="[994,1199,194,215]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of rachises, costae, veins, and laminar tissue between veins of long and/or short hyaline acicular hairs, sometimes with clear stipitate glands or sessile yellow spherical glands, the young fronds sometimes sticky with a spicy-smelling, irritating glandular exudate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161627C6BFDEDFE8C" authority=", Herbert 2006" authorityName=", Herbert" authorityYear="2006" box="[329,586,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161627C6BFE1BFE8D" box="[329,444,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. australis,</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161E97C6BFDEDFE8C" author="Herbert" box="[450,586,290,311]" firstAuthor="Herbert" journalOrPublisher="Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" part="2019" refId="ref109291" refString="HERBERT, J. 2006. National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis. Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec 2019." title="National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis" type="journal volume" year="2006">Herbert 2006</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162707C6BFC8EFE8C" bold="true" box="[603,809,290,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">indument adaxially</emphasis> +primarily restricted to axes (rachises and costae), of hyaline acicular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161837C08FE58FEED" bold="true" box="[424,511,321,342]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61627B7C0BFDDFFEEC" bold="true" box="[592,632,322,343]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">sori</emphasis> +most often near costules, less commonly medial, discrete or coalescent, exindusiate or with small indusia; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162367C2BFD25FECC" bold="true" box="[541,642,354,375]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or with spherical yellow glands, stipitate glands, or setulae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160847CC8FF56FE2D" bold="true" box="[175,241,385,406]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">spores</emphasis> +nearly always black or dark brown, papillose, winged, or echinate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163517CCBFF36FE0C" authority=", Tryon & Lugardon 1991" authorityName="Tryon & Lugardon" authorityYear="1991" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163517CCBFBA1FE2D" box="[890,1030,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. marattioides</emphasis> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6164397CCBFF36FE0C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160B27CEBFE05FE0C" authority=", Patel et al. 2019 a" authorityName="Patel" authorityYear="2019" box="[153,418,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fijiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160B27CEBFF5FFE0D" box="[153,248,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. fijiensis</emphasis> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161297CEBFE05FE0C" author="Patel" box="[258,418,418,439]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61619B7CEBFE1CFE0C" box="[432,443,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">x</emphasis> += 36, two species counted, both diploids. No hybrids known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC39B6160BA7C8BFF08FD4C" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA7C8BFF08FD4C" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA7C8BFF4CFE6C" box="[145,235,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61612C7C8BFE11FE6C" author="As Holttum" box="[263,438,450,471]" firstAuthor="As Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">As Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161947C8BFE5CFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[447,507,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kalikasan" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="13 - 28" part="3" refId="ref109606" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia. Kalikasan 3: 13 - 28." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="b">1974b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61622F7C8BFDE7FE6C" author="Holttum" box="[516,576,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6162617C8BFDDDFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[586,634,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) suggested, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162DB7C88FCC2FE6D" box="[752,869,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162DB7C88FCC2FE6D" box="[752,869,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is the closest relative of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61647B7C88FB3EFE6D" box="[1104,1177,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61647B7C88FB3EFE6D" box="[1104,1177,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and some species share the unusual stiff, terete stipe scales (otherwise unique in the family) and black to dark brown spores. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A7F48FF7FFDAD" box="[97,216,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7F48FF7FFDAD" box="[97,216,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having free veins, deeply pinnatisect pinnae, a tendency to be of much smaller stature, often creeping rhizomes, medial sori (vs. borne along costules), persistent indusia, pustular laminae, and swollen aerophores. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A7F08FEE8FDED" box="[97,335,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7F08FEE8FDED" box="[97,335,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron marattioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is here transferred to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162027F08FDDEFDED" box="[553,633,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162027F08FDD2FDED" box="[553,629,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chingia</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +This taxon differs from species in both genera in being fully bipinnate. However, with molecular evidence, it is nested within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162E17F28FCB4FDCD" box="[714,787,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162E17F28FCB4FDCD" box="[714,787,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6163367F2BFC6DFDCC" author="ALSTON, A. H. G." box="[797,970,610,631]" journalOrPublisher="J. Bot." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="225 - 229" part="78" refId="ref106308" refString="ALSTON, A. H. G. 1940. Undescribed ferns from New Guinea. J. Bot. 78: 225 - 229." title="Undescribed ferns from New Guinea" type="journal article" year="1940">Alston (1940:227)</bibRefCitation> +noted in his description of this species that it “seems allied to [ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161EB7FC8FDAFFD2D" box="[448,520,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161EB7FC8FDAFFD2D" box="[448,520,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +] +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61623C7FCBFDC9FD2C" box="[535,622,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imponens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61623C7FCBFDC9FD2C" box="[535,622,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">imponens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +”, in spite of its free veins. Based on the description ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6164457FCBFF34FD0C" author="Takeuchi" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Harvard Pap. Bot." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="95 - 117" part="10" refId="ref115097" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2005. Floristic notes from a Holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Pap. Bot. 10: 95 - 117." title="Floristic notes from a Holocene successional environment in Papuasia" type="journal article" year="2005">Takeuchi 2005</bibRefCitation> +) and on observation of images of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC39B6161D27FEBFD83FD0C" box="[505,548,674,695]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B61621B7FEBFDE4FD0C" box="[560,579,674,695]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +: both scanned specimens and photos of microscopic features, courtesy of +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B6160827F8BFF1DFD6C" box="[169,186,706,727]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B6160977F8BFF6BFD6C" box="[188,204,706,727]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">V</collectionCode> +. Gilman), we believe a second species, described as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162F97F88FC38FD6D" box="[722,927,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lindleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162F97F88FC38FD6D" box="[722,927,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Amphineuron lindleyi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, should also be transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A7FA8FF0DFD4D" box="[97,170,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7FA8FF0DFD4D" box="[97,170,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC39B6160BA7E48FF5AFC2C" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA7E48FF5AFC2C" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA7E48FE25FCAD" box="[145,386,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—The 25 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162657E48FD3FFCAD" box="[590,664,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162657E48FD3FFCAD" box="[590,664,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are distributed throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B6163827E4BFC53FCAC" box="[937,1012,770,791]" name="Malaysia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Malesia</collectingCountry> +and the southeastern Pacific to elevations of +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC39B61611D7E6BFE26FC8C" box="[310,385,802,823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity> +. One widespread species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61625E7E68FD57FC8D" box="[629,752,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61625E7E68FD57FC8D" box="[629,752,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. longissima</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, extends eastward to the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B6163F57E6BFBDBFC8C" box="[990,1148,802,823]" name="Micronesia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry> +, Society Islands, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B61609A7E0BFEF5FCEC" box="[177,338,834,855]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +, and Marquesas. They are largely absent from continental southeast Asia but reach +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B61645A7E0BFB6EFCEC" box="[1137,1225,834,855]" name="Thailand" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Thailand</collectingCountry> +and peninsular +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B6160D07E2BFEF3FCCC" box="[251,340,866,887]" name="Malaysia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Malaysia</collectingCountry> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B6161767E2BFECAFCCC" box="[349,365,866,887]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +single endangered endemic species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162F87E28FC9AFCCD" authorityName=", Herbert" authorityYear="2006" box="[723,829,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162F87E28FC9AFCCD" box="[723,829,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. australis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, reaches south to +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC39B6163DB7E2BFBC0FCCC" box="[1008,1127,866,887]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B61645B7E2BFB6EFCCC" box="[1136,1225,866,887]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Australia</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61604C7ECBFF55FC2C" author="Holttum" box="[103,242,898,919]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="518" part="41" refId="ref110005" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1986. New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland. Kew Bull. 41: 518." title="New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland" type="journal article" year="1986">Holttum 1986</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC39B6160BA7EEBFD16F9AC" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA7EEBFBF9FAAC" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA7EEBFE45FC0D" box="[145,482,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—The genus was described and its constituent taxa delineated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61645D7EEBFF07FC6C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +. No previous authors had recognized these species as belonging to a natural group. Although initially suspecting a close affinity with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161347EA8FD91FC4C" authority="(Holttum 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[287,566,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161347EA8FE3BFC4D" box="[287,412,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61618C7EABFD88FC4C" author="Holttum" box="[423,559,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, he later concluded that the resemblance to that genus was superficial (1974a, 1977b, 1982) and that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161A17948FDA7FBAD" box="[394,512,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161A17948FDA7FBAD" box="[394,512,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(which +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61627B794BFD79FBAC" author="Holttum" box="[592,734,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum, 1975</bibRefCitation> +, segregated from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163A17948FBA0FBAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[906,1031,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163A17948FBA0FBAD" box="[906,1031,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) was the only close relative of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160E97968FEACFB8D" box="[194,267,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160E97968FEACFB8D" box="[194,267,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. This conclusion is supported by the reciprocal monophyly and sister relationship of these two genera inferred from phylogenomic evidence (Fawcett et al. in press). Although this sister relationship generally has high support, some conflict exists among individual gene trees. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162BB7928FD7EFBCD" box="[656,729,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162BB7928FD7EFBCD" box="[656,729,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +plus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163207928FC27FBCD" box="[779,896,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163207928FC27FBCD" box="[779,896,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163AE792BFC70FBCC" box="[901,983,1122,1143]" form="the" genus="The" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" rank="form">form the</taxonomicName> +most highly nested clade within the chingioid (non-core christelloid) clade, which includes in descending order along a grade +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61646779CBFB65FB2C" box="[1100,1218,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61646779CBFB65FB2C" box="[1100,1218,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A79E8FF6EFB0D" box="[97,201,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A79E8FF6EFB0D" box="[97,201,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160F879EBFE90FB0C" box="[211,311,1186,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160F879EBFE90FB0C" box="[211,311,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC39B61611779E8FEF3FB0D" box="[316,340,1185,1206]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61611779E8FEF7FB0D" box="[316,336,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161BB79E8FDECFB0D" box="[400,587,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161BB79E8FDECFB0D" box="[400,587,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +inferred either as sister to the rest of the chingioid genera or diverging from the backbone node before them, sister to the chingioids plus a large christelloid clade ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC39B6163D4798BFB92FB6C" box="[1023,1077,1218,1239]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163D4798BFB92FB6C" bold="true" box="[1023,1077,1218,1239]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). Although the monophyly of the chingioid clade, and crown nodes corresponding to each genus within it, are highly supported, support of backbone nodes is low, and uncertainty remains about the relationships of these genera to one other. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA786BFD16F9AC" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA786BFF63FA8C" box="[145,196,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Notes</emphasis> +.—Of the 18 species treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161DE786BFD2BFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[501,652,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +, eight were known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC39B6163FF7868FBA6FA8D" box="[980,1025,1313,1334]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus> +, or the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC39B6164607868FBD1FA8D" box="[1099,1142,1313,1334]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus> +and one other collection. Most species are narrowly restricted endemics, and further study may reveal that the current taxonomic concepts for widespread species, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61622E7828FDEBFACD" box="[517,588,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61622E7828FDEBFACD" box="[517,588,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. ferox</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162537828FD53FACD" box="[632,756,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162537828FD53FACD" box="[632,756,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. longissima</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, are too broad (e.g., see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6163F8782BFBD5FACC" author="Game" box="[979,1138,1377,1399]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Game" journalOrPublisher="Bot." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="26 - 37" part="56" refId="ref108868" refString="GAME, J. C., S. E. FAWCETT, & A. R. SMITH. 2018. New pteridophyte records for Taveuni (Fiji) and a new species of Chingia (Thelypteridaceae). New Zealand J. Bot. 56: 26 - 37." title="New pteridophyte records for Taveuni (Fiji) and a new species of Chingia (Thelypteridaceae). New Zealand J" type="journal article" year="2018">Game et al. 2018</bibRefCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6164AB7828FF01FA2C" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6164AB7828FB6EFACD" box="[1152,1225,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +are often pioneers, dependent on disturbance and open habitats for their establishment, and their populations may be short-lived ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61613778EBFE06FA0C" author="Herbert" box="[284,417,1442,1463]" firstAuthor="Herbert" journalOrPublisher="Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" part="2019" refId="ref109291" refString="HERBERT, J. 2006. National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis. Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec 2019." title="National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis" type="journal volume" year="2006">Herbert 2006</bibRefCitation> +). Their dynamic population structure, ruderal nature, and narrow ranges make them a challenging target for conservation efforts. Furthermore, due to their exceptionally large size, narrow ranges, remote habitats, and, in some cases, foul-smelling, irritating secondary chemistry, our understanding of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61642478A8FBFFFA4D" box="[1039,1112,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61642478A8FBFFFA4D" box="[1039,1112,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is impeded both by lack of collections and paucity of complete specimens. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B62620C7E03FD77FB6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B62620C7E03FD77FB6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5ecc7524199 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B62620C7E03FD77FB6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ +<document id="78241E33940165179027AC8C7E9C0DD9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC19B62620C7E03FD77FB6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Ampelopteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="A64D4F0A20F95531C7E5AFAF44B9D654" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="48834425590AFD816A72D6FA1A57675E"> +<mods:title id="314F156B8656C7863954D4324C097D87">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="61C0DB5A95BD85A2ADFF1A843970772D" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="65909E98C22EB8C340EAC3A55FA0E19B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4F8E441D180082D653B29DEDE08BDA63">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="10711010C9587EBE9AA84530BF9C1E48">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="28B0C2B99CFC61B44C7CE54B2000BE3C" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8413A416D9131D2FD0D96A9E2D383A37"> +<mods:roleTerm id="A4020BF9EBB633D6211671ECFB0A3101">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="1BD515BFBB59170C90663E6595D7EB25">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="C8AA37FFF960AE123B2259C3B0F5C6A7">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="1C7769D009779AE3EF0B47C6DC98F03F"> +<mods:dateIssued id="4A6C586F10766C2EF8B4E376F154E624">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="20DBF17885EDAF25E46791FD6B68F7B3">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="E3252EF1339EBEFEEB3573F6C4335479"> +<mods:placeTerm id="8479A3D7E689435B76FE2387749F446E">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="3A62C0FD354789FCE2B45AAE2F59D269">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC19B62620C7E03FD77FB6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC19B62620C7E03FD77FB6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC19B62620C7E03FD77FB6C" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B63620C7E03FCA5FCDF" box="[551,770,842,868]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B63620C7E03FCA5FCDF" blockId="40.[97,1226,842,929]" box="[551,770,842,868]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFC19B63620C7E03FCA5FCDF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[551,770,842,868]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63620C7E03FCA5FCDF" ID-CoL="629W5" box="[551,770,842,868]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63620C7E03FCA5FCDF" bold="true" box="[551,770,842,868]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">AMPELOPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B63604A7E3BFDA4FC3C" box="[97,515,882,903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B63604A7E3BFDA4FC3C" blockId="40.[97,1226,842,929]" box="[97,515,882,903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFC19B63604A7E3BFDA7FC3C" author="Ampelopteris Kunze" box="[97,512,882,903]" journal="Bot. Zeit." page="114" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" score="33.79251743416606" volume="6" year="1848"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63604A7E3BFE37FC3C" ID-CoL="629W5" authority="Kunze, Bot. Zeit." authorityName="Kunze, Bot. Zeit." box="[97,400,882,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63604A7E3BFF4DFC3C" bold="true" box="[97,234,882,903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +Kunze, Bot. Zeit. +</taxonomicName> +6:114. 1848 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B6362297E3BFE97FC1A" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B6362297E3BFE97FC1A" blockId="40.[97,1226,842,929]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC19B6362377E3CFD9BFC3E" box="[540,572,885,901]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC19B6362377E3CFD9BFC3E" box="[540,572,885,901]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63626E7E3CFCB4FC3E" ID-CoL="CYL3" authority="Kunze" authorityName="Kunze" box="[581,787,885,902]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63626E7E3CFD7AFC3D" box="[581,733,885,902]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Ampelopteris elegans</emphasis> +Kunze +</taxonomicName> += +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63630F7E3CFC43FC3C" ID-CoL="CYL5" authority="(Retz.) Copel." authorityName="Copel." baseAuthorityName="Retz." box="[804,996,885,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63630F7E3CFCD2FC3D" box="[804,885,885,902]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A. prolifera</emphasis> +(Retz.) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363D17E3CFB35FC3D" box="[1018,1170,885,902]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363D17E3CFBEFFC3D" ID-CoL="3Y46" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[1018,1096,885,902]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +proliferus +</emphasis> +(Retz.) Tardieu & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC19B6360D87ED9FEA5FC1A" box="[243,258,912,929]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +.Chr.] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B6360AA7EFCFDB9FC7C" box="[129,542,949,967]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B6360AA7EFCFDB9FC7C" blockId="40.[129,542,949,967]" box="[129,542,949,967]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +For additional generic synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC19B6361B77EFFFDBDFC7C" author="Holttum" box="[412,538,950,967]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="40" pageNumber="30" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B63604A7E95FB61FC49" box="[97,1222,988,1010]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B63604A7E95FB61FC49" blockId="40.[97,1226,988,1778]" box="[97,1222,988,1010]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63604A7E95FF65FC4A" box="[97,194,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361287E95FEEAFC4A" box="[259,333,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">ampelos</emphasis> +, vine + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361BD7E94FE6DFC49" box="[406,458,989,1010]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">pteris</emphasis> +, fern, in reference to the indeterminate growth of the rachis, and vine-like habit. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B6260B97EB4FC86FEAC" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B6260B97EB4FC86FEAC" blockId="40.[97,1226,988,1778]" lastBlockId="41.[121,1251,162,1239]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +Plants terrestrial, with proliferous fronds of indefinite growth, sometimes with climbing rhizomes, typically medium-sized, mostly (8–)15–75(–100+) cm tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63626D7954FD02FB89" bold="true" box="[582,677,1053,1074]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">rhizomes</emphasis> +short- to long-creeping, with scales primarily at apices, these setulose and/or glandular at margins, older parts of rhizomes becoming scaleless; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363EF7974FBA0FBE9" bold="true" box="[964,1031,1085,1106]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">fronds</emphasis> +typically clustered, weakly dimorphic with fertile fronds often taller than non-fertile fronds and with narrower, shorter pinnae, erect or arching, once-pinnate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361697934FED9FB29" bold="true" box="[322,382,1149,1170]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">stipes</emphasis> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC19B6361AF7934FE4FFB2A" box="[388,488,1148,1170]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 cm</quantity> +long, grooved adaxially, stramineous to dull brown, sometimes with short, blackish spines to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC19B63613979D4FEECFB0A" box="[274,331,1180,1202]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +long; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361AD79D4FE5EFB0A" bold="true" box="[390,505,1180,1202]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">stipe scales</emphasis> +ovate-deltate to lanceolate, appressed, brown, +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC19B63639279D4FBAFFB0A" box="[953,1032,1180,1202]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity> +long, typically with hairs on scales; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360D779F5FE99FB6A" bold="true" box="[252,318,1212,1233]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous, with apex pinna-like, or blades ± indeterminate, rachises prolonged and whip-like, irregularly producing 20+ pairs of much reduced pinnae < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC19B6363777994FC2BFB4A" box="[860,908,1244,1266]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity> +, and also bearing buds and plantlets in axils of pinnae, sometimes with clusters of plantlets in a single pinna axis, these proliferous plantlets sometimes well developed, fertile, and with fronds over +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC19B63622C7854FDE6FA8A" box="[519,577,1308,1330]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity> +long; proximal pinnae of well-developed fronds not reduced or with a few pairs slightly reduced, but lacking greatly reduced or glanduliform pinnae; rachises adaxially grooved, bearing simple and sometimes forked or branched acicular hairs, often glabrescent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63637A7814FC3FFAC9" bold="true" box="[849,920,1373,1394]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">pinnae</emphasis> +grooved adaxially, truncate or slightly cordate at bases, acute at tips, to ca. 15(–20) × 2(–3) cm wide, margins entire, subentire, crenate, or shallowly lobed about 1/4 the distance to costae, lacking acroscopic or basiscopic basal auricles, sessile or often short-petiolulate to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC19B6360B078F4FF70FA6A" box="[155,215,1468,1490]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +, with truncate bases, symmetric, sometimes fertile at a very small size (ca. 3 × 0.6 cm); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63640378F4FBFAFA69" bold="true" box="[1064,1117,1469,1490]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">veins</emphasis> +prominent adaxially and abaxially, with up to ca. 12 pairs of veins from a costule, 5–6 pairs alternately anastomosing with veins from an adjacent costule and producing a ± straight (toward the base) or often zig-zag (toward pinna margins) excurrent vein to sinus, areoles lacking included free veinlets; vein ends reaching margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63634D7B55FC70F98A" bold="true" box="[870,983,1564,1585]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">aerophores</emphasis> +absent or at most a small darkened swelling at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361837B74FDCAF9E9" bold="true" box="[424,621,1597,1618]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">indument abaxially</emphasis> +, if present, of sparse hyaline acicular hairs, shorter hairs sometimes shallowly forked or branched (most hairs restricted to costae), costae and sometimes also costules with scattered, tan, peltate, ovate, or lanceolate setulose scales, orangish spherical glands occasionally also present, blades often glabrescent with age; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361397BD4FE7EF909" bold="true" box="[274,473,1693,1714]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular to ca. 0.5 mm long on costae, seldom with hairs on costules or ultimate veins, never on laminar tissue between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6362BD7BF5FD4AF96A" bold="true" box="[662,749,1724,1745]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">pustules</emphasis> +absent on abaxial laminae between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6364A47BF4FB10F969" bold="true" box="[1167,1207,1725,1746]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">sori</emphasis> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6364967BF5FB6EF96A" box="[1213,1225,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">±</emphasis> +medial to supramedial, round to often oblong or elongate, exindusiate, paired on either side of excurrent vein, not confluent, not appearing acrostichoid; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261CC7DEBFDEBFF0C" bold="true" box="[487,588,162,183]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or often with a reddish globose gland adjacent to annulus on the capsule; sporangial stalks short, with a stalked often reddish globose or pear-shaped gland(s) at the tip; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62645F7D88FB11FF6D" bold="true" box="[1140,1206,193,214]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">spores</emphasis> +tan, with numerous short and narrow ridges and small echinulate elements ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62630D7DABFBB5FF4C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[806,1042,226,247]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62640A7DABFB8BFF4C" box="[1057,1068,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">x</emphasis> += 36, only diploids known. No hybridization with any other genus has been demonstrated. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B6260827C6BFBE5FD6C" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B6260827C6BFBE5FD6C" blockId="41.[121,1251,162,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260827C6BFEA2FE8C" box="[169,261,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.—The axillary plantlets of proliferous fronds produce rootlets that aid in clinging tightly to trees in thickets ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6260F87C0BFE32FEEC" author="Holttum" box="[211,405,322,343]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="195 - 215" part="43" refId="ref110127" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E., U. SEN, & D. MITTRA. 1970. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze. Blumea 43: 195 - 215." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze" type="journal article" year="1970">Holttum et al. 1970</bibRefCitation> +). Other paleotropical genera with proliferous fronds include species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6264667C08FB11FEED" box="[1101,1206,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6264667C08FB11FEED" box="[1101,1206,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260527C2BFEA7FECD" box="[121,256,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260527C2BFF79FECC" box="[121,222,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Menisorus</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC09B6260CE7C28FEA7FECD" box="[229,256,353,374]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, and these genera appear to have no close affinity with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62636F7C28FC63FECD" box="[836,964,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62636F7C28FC63FECD" box="[836,964,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6263F97C28FBF5FECD" box="[978,1106,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6263F97C28FBF5FECD" box="[978,1106,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is unusual in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260527CCBFEB8FE2C" box="[121,287,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +in having indeterminate growth of its fronds, a feature shared with the distantly related Hawaiian endemic +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260FF7CE8FDBDFE0D" box="[212,538,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260FF7CE8FDB0FE0D" box="[212,535,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keraudreniana">Pseudophegopteris keraudreniana</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and the Antillean +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262FC7CEBFC34FE0C" box="[727,915,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reptans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6262FC7CEBFC34FE0C" box="[727,915,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Goniopteris reptans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The forked or branched hairs in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260527C88FF54FE6D" box="[121,243,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260527C88FF54FE6D" box="[121,243,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6261087C8BFE7AFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[291,477,450,471]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="195 - 215" part="43" refId="ref110127" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E., U. SEN, & D. MITTRA. 1970. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze. Blumea 43: 195 - 215." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze" type="journal article" year="1970">Holttum et al. 1970</bibRefCitation> +) are inconspicuous and easily abraded, and are not indicative of a close relationship with neotropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261627CABFE12FE4C" box="[329,437,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261627CABFE12FE4C" box="[329,437,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; the proliferous nature of the fronds of many +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62634D7CABFC75FE4C" box="[870,978,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62634D7CABFC75FE4C" box="[870,978,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has also been considered an indication of affinity to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62615B7F48FE57FDAD" box="[368,496,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62615B7F48FE57FDAD" box="[368,496,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by some, but this trait is likely independently derived in the two genera. Characteristics shared between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261867F68FD80FD8D" box="[429,551,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261867F68FD80FD8D" box="[429,551,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62627D7F68FD1EFD8D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[598,697,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62627D7F68FD1EFD8D" box="[598,697,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC09B6262947F6BFD7CFD8C" box="[703,731,546,567]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6262947F6BFD73FD8C" box="[703,724,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +include the very similar spore morphology ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6264A17F6BFEB7FDEC" author="Tryon & Lugardon" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +), stalked, multicellular glands with a globose, often reddish tip, and the presence of costal scales. Characteristics shared with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261AC7F28FDA3FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[391,516,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261AC7F28FDA3FDCD" box="[391,516,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +include the similar sporangial stalk glands, but spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62641A7F28FB09FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1073,1198,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62641A7F28FB09FDCD" box="[1073,1198,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have much broader, higher, and fewer ridges and lack the dense echinulate elements ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6263457FCBFBFEFD2C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[878,1113,642,663]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62644C7FC8FB46FD2D" box="[1127,1249,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62644C7FC8FB46FD2D" box="[1127,1249,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from both in having proliferous fronds, more copiously anastomosing veins, and short (to ca. 0.3 mm) forked, branched, or stellate hairs on the axes, these most easily seen along the adaxial ridges of young fronds. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B6260827FA8FB11FC8C" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B6260827FA8FB11FC8C" blockId="41.[121,1251,162,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260827FA8FD8BFD4D" box="[169,556,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261997FA8FD8BFD4D" box="[434,556,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ampelopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises a single species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62631D7FA8FB8EFD4C" authority="(Retz.) Copel." authorityName="Copel." baseAuthorityName="Retz." box="[822,1065,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62631D7FA8FC3BFD4D" box="[822,924,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">A. prolifera</emphasis> +(Retz.) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +, widely distributed from tropical West Africa to northeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC09B62623E7E4BFDCAFCAC" box="[533,621,770,791]" name="Australia" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC09B6262B47E4BFC90FCAC" box="[671,823,770,791]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">New Caledonia</collectingCountry> +, including mainland southeastern Asia and throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC09B6260C07E6BFE9FFC8C" box="[235,312,802,823]" name="Malaysia" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Malesia</collectingCountry> +. It occurs on riverbanks, and in wet ditches, sometimes forming thickets, often in open places. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B6260827E0BFEB8FB0C" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B6260827E0BFE4BFC4C" blockId="41.[121,1251,162,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260827E0BFDA5FCED" box="[169,514,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—Most workers have thought +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6263157E08FC1BFCED" box="[830,956,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6263157E08FC1BFCED" box="[830,956,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to be most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260527E28FF7BFCCD" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[121,220,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260527E28FF7BFCCD" box="[121,220,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC09B6260CB7E2BFF5BFCCC" box="[224,252,866,887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260CB7E2BFF51FCCC" box="[224,246,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261017E28FE00FCCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[298,423,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261017E28FE00FCCD" box="[298,423,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6261987E2BFD9BFCCC" author="Holttum" box="[435,572,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62626E7E2BFD12FCCC" author="Smith" box="[581,693,866,887]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC09B62626E7E2BFDD8FCCC" box="[581,639,866,887]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Smith</collectingRegion> +1990 +</bibRefCitation> +), and this hypothesis is now supported by molecular data, which show +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260C47EC8FECEFC2D" box="[239,361,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260C47EC8FECEFC2D" box="[239,361,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +forms a clade with these two genera ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6262ED7ECBFCDAFC2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[710,893,898,919]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press; +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC09B62647E7ECBFB2DFC2C" box="[1109,1162,898,919]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62647E7ECBFB2DFC2C" bold="true" box="[1109,1162,898,919]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), though the relationship among them is poorly resolved. The sole species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262D57EE8FCDFFC0D" box="[766,888,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6262D57EE8FCDFFC0D" box="[766,888,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has sometimes been placed in a more broadly defined +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261317E88FE26FC6D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[282,385,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261317E88FE26FC6D" box="[282,385,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261977E88FD8DFC6D" box="[444,554,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261977E88FD8DFC6D" box="[444,554,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62624E7E8BFCB3FC6C" author="Christensen" box="[613,788,962,983]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen 1913</bibRefCitation> +), a neotropical genus having many proliferous species, as well as similar stellate hairs. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B626082794BFC46FBCC" blockId="41.[121,1251,162,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B626082794BFF7BFBAC" box="[169,220,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Notes</emphasis> +.—Fossils of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62617C7948FD8DFBAD" box="[343,554,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62617C7948FE1DFBAD" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[343,442,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +eoproliferus +</emphasis> +(Prasad) Prasad et al. from mid-late Miocene strata in northeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC09B626485794BFB46FBAC" box="[1198,1249,1026,1047]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">India</collectingCountry> +(ca. 10 Ma), appear to be very similar to or conspecific with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262987968FBF2FB8C" authority="(Mehrotra et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Mehrotra" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[691,1109,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6262987968FCD9FB8D" box="[691,894,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris prolifera</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6263A2796BFBEAFB8C" author="Mehrotra" box="[905,1101,1058,1079]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mehrotra" journalOrPublisher="The Palaeobotanist" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="273 - 280" part="60" refId="ref111990" refString="MEHROTRA, R. C., S. K. BASUMATARY, S. K. BERA, G. SRIVASTAVA, G. C. SARMA, & C. K. BARUAH. 2011. First report of the plant fossils from the Manas National Park, Assam, India. The Palaeobotanist 60: 273 - 280." title="First report of the plant fossils from the Manas National Park, Assam, India" type="journal article" year="2011">Mehrotra et al. 2011</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. The same or a similar taxon was previously described as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262267908FC4DFBEC" authority="(Retz.) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Retz." box="[525,1002,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6262267908FD6DFBED" box="[525,714,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Goniopteris prolifera</emphasis> +(Retz.) C. Presl ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B626347790BFC44FBEC" author="Prasad" box="[876,995,1090,1111]" firstAuthor="Prasad" journalOrPublisher="Curr. Sci." pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="655 - 656" part="60" refId="ref112992" refString="PRASAD, M. 1991. Fossil fern Goniopteris prolifera Presl from the Siwalik sediments near Nainital, North India. Curr. Sci. 60: 655 - 656." title="Fossil fern Goniopteris prolifera Presl from the Siwalik sediments near Nainital, North India" type="journal article" year="1991">Prasad 1991</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, a homotypic synonym of the extant species, and the fossil +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261847928FD4DFBCC" box="[431,746,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Thelypteridaceophyllum tertiarum</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6262C4792BFC7AFBCC" author="Joshi & Mehrotra" box="[751,989,1122,1143]" firstAuthor="Joshi" journalOrPublisher="India. J. Geol. Soc. India" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="483 - 486" part="61" refId="ref110507" refString="JOSHI, A. & R. C. MEHROTRA. 2003. A thelypteridaceous fossil fern from the Lower Siwalik of the East Kameng District, Arunchal Pradesh, India. J. Geol. Soc. India 61: 483 - 486." title="A thelypteridaceous fossil fern from the Lower Siwalik of the East Kameng District, Arunchal Pradesh" type="journal article" year="2003">Joshi & Mehrotra (2003)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B62608179CBFEB8FB0C" blockId="41.[121,1251,162,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +Young tips of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62611D79C8FE12FB2D" box="[310,437,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62611D79C8FE12FB2D" box="[310,437,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are edible, but supposedly inferior to those of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6263BE79C8FBC9FB2D" box="[917,1134,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Diplazium esculentum</emphasis> +(Retz.) Sw. ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62605479EBFEB3FB0C" author="Copeland" box="[127,276,1186,1207]" firstAuthor="Copeland" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol." pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 247" part="5" refId="ref107963" refString="COPELAND, E. B. 1947. Genera filicum, the genera of ferns. Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5: 1 - 247." title="Genera filicum, the genera of ferns" type="journal article" year="1947">Copeland 1947</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B62608C7988FD77FB6C" box="[167,720,1217,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B62608C7988FD77FB6C" blockId="41.[121,1251,162,1239]" box="[167,720,1217,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62608C7988FEDCFB6D" box="[167,379,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Constituent species.—*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6261507988FD77FB6C" authority="(Retz.) Copel." box="[379,720,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6261507988FDE0FB6D" box="[379,583,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Ampelopteris prolifera</emphasis> +(Retz.) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B63604A7C3BFBCEFE1A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B63604A7C3BFBCEFE1A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..49929d32bfd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B63604A7C3BFBCEFE1A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +<document id="C0B6EBB4FD49C7DE84DE86D0B505FEA4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC19B63604A7C3BFBCEFE1A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amblovenatum distinctum S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6362037CD9FC91FE1A" authority="(Copel.) Copel." authorityName="Copel." baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[552,822,400,417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distinctus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6362037CD9FD67FE1A" box="[552,704,400,417]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Cyclosorus distinctus</emphasis> +(Copel.) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363637CD9FBCEFE1A" authority="(Copel.) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[840,1129,400,417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distincta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363637CD9FC7BFE1A" box="[840,988,400,417]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Thelypteris distincta</emphasis> +(Copel.) 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Roux" baseAuthorityName="Kaulf." box="[880,1185,492,514]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63635B7CA5FC49FDBA" box="[880,1006,492,513]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A. opulentum</emphasis> +(Kaulf.) J.P. Roux +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63649F7CA5FE21FD99" authority="(Blume) Mazumdar" authorityName="Mazumdar" baseAuthorityName="Blume" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63649F7CA5FF64FD99" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A. immersum</emphasis> +(Blume) Mazumdar +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6361A57F45FC9EFD99" authority="T. E. Almeida & A. R. Field" authorityName="T. E. Almeida & A. R. Field" box="[398,825,524,546]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="queenslandicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361A57F45FD9DFD9A" box="[398,570,524,545]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A. queenslandicum</emphasis> +T.E. Almeida & A.R. Field +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63636A7F45FF12FDF9" authority="(Rosenst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63636A7F45FC43FD9A" box="[833,996,524,545]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A. subattenuatum</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6360EE7F65FDAFFDFA" authority="(Panigrahi) J. P. Roux" box="[197,520,556,578]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360EE7F65FE9CFDF9" box="[197,315,556,578]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A. terminans</emphasis> +(Panigrahi) J.P. Roux +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B6360BA7F05FE2CFC99" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B6360BA7F05FE90FD7A" blockId="40.[97,1226,492,802]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360BA7F05FE8BFDD9" box="[145,300,588,610]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Excluded species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6361617F05FC06FDD9" authority="(Holttum) T. E. Almeida & A. R. Field" authorityName="T. E. Almeida & A. R. Field" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[330,929,588,610]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tildeniae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361617F05FD89FDDA" box="[330,558,588,609]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amblovenatum tildeniae</emphasis> +(Holttum) T.E. Almeida & A.R. Field +</taxonomicName> +is likely to represent a hybrid involving +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6360EA7F25FE13FD3A" box="[193,436,620,641]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360EA7F25FE13FD3A" box="[193,436,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amblovenatum opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6361CE7F25FD2DFD3A" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[485,650,620,641]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361CE7F25FD2DFD3A" box="[485,650,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and we refrain from recognizing it, pending further study. Based on the description ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC19B6361757FC4FE56FD19" author="Takeuchi" box="[350,497,653,674]" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Harvard Pap. Bot." pageId="40" pageNumber="30" pagination="95 - 117" part="10" refId="ref115097" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2005. Floristic notes from a Holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Pap. Bot. 10: 95 - 117." title="Floristic notes from a Holocene successional environment in Papuasia" type="journal article" year="2005">Takeuchi 2005</bibRefCitation> +) and images of an +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC19B6362827FC4FD57FD19" box="[681,752,653,674]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus> +(! +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC19B63632A7FC4FCB2FD19" box="[769,789,653,674]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +) +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363087FC5FB25FD19" authority="W. N. Takeuchi" authorityName="W. N. Takeuchi" box="[803,1154,652,674]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lindleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363087FC5FC4CFD1A" box="[803,1003,652,673]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amphineuron lindleyi</emphasis> +W.N. Takeuchi +</taxonomicName> +is here transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6360C37FE5FE96FD7A" box="[232,305,684,705]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360C37FE5FE96FD7A" box="[232,305,684,705]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B6360BA7F85FE2CFC99" blockId="40.[97,1226,492,802]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360BA7F85FE1AFD59" box="[145,445,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +Species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6361717F84FE1AFD59" box="[346,445,717,738]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mesopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6361F07F85FC13FD59" authority="(Alderw.) Parris" authorityName="Parris" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[475,948,716,738]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paraphysophorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361F07F85FCB4FD5A" box="[475,787,716,737]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amblovenatum paraphysophorum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Parris +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363957F85FF6DFCB9" authority="(Copel.) C. W. Chen" authorityName="C. W. Chen" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudostenobasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363957F85FBD2FD5A" box="[958,1141,716,737]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A. pseudostenobasis</emphasis> +(Copel.) C.W. Chen +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6360FA7FA5FDCBFCB9" authority="(Kuntze) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kuntze" box="[209,620,748,770]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="attenuatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360FA7FA5FE1CFCB9" box="[209,443,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amphineuron attenuatum</emphasis> +(Kuntze) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6362587FA5FC01FCB9" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[627,934,748,770]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceramicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6362587FA5FD57FCB9" box="[627,752,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A.ceramicum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363867FA5FB61FCB9" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[941,1222,748,770]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kiauense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363867FA5FBB1FCBA" box="[941,1046,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">A.kiauense</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63604A7E45FF7CFC9A" box="[97,219,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC19B63604A7E45FFD5FC9A" box="[97,114,780,801]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. tonkinense +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC19B6360C37E44FF5DFC99" box="[232,250,781,802]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Chr.) Holttum +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B63604A7CE1FBFCFE6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B63604A7CE1FBFCFE6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0bafc7d405 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC19B63604A7CE1FBFCFE6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<document id="67276E3BD21E795EA5386C00BDE0D60D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC19B63604A7CE1FBFCFE6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amblovenatum subattenuatum S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[97,733,423,445]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuatum" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63604A7CE1FE3BFE07" bold="true" box="[97,412,423,445]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amblovenatum subattenuatum</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6362CF7CEEFCF7FE07" bold="true" box="[740,848,423,444]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC19B6362CF7CEEFCF7FE07" box="[740,848,423,444]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC19B63637B7CEEFBFCFE6C" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC19B63637B7CEEFBFCFE6C" blockId="40.[97,1227,332,471]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363437CE2FB6DFE07" authority="Rosenst., Repert." authorityName="Rosenst., Repert." box="[872,1226,426,444]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuata" status="Spec."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363437CE2FBBEFE00" box="[872,1049,426,443]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Dryopteris subattenuata</emphasis> +Rosenst., Repert. Spec. +</taxonomicName> +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFC19B63608A7C8CFEDDFE6C" box="[161,378,453,471]" journal="Nov. Regni Veg." page="332" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" score="3.1179474494133945" volume="10" year="1912">Nov.Regni Veg. 10:332.1912</bibCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6361BA7C8CFD50FE6C" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[401,759,453,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6361BA7C8CFDC3FE6D" box="[401,612,453,470]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amphineuron subattenuatum</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363217C8CFBFCFE6C" authority="(Rosenst.) C. F. Reed" box="[778,1115,453,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6363217C8CFC19FE6D" box="[778,958,453,470]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Thelypteris subattenuata</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC29B66627F7C76FD48FA2C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC29B66627F7C76FD48FA2C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..22b4b67c604 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC29B66627F7C76FD48FA2C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1069 @@ +<document id="6006938DC6B0BBF0BB4CA8C2434842B3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC29B66627F7C76FD48FA2C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Christella" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="CDF6AC3B1F6AB1CA00F141B00B9869C5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="D79607209774014D93DC7FC936014E43"> +<mods:title id="854EA39333257F44189C7382A0BAE91A">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="9DB32774B5D0FEA7E4F6DCC5946112E3" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="CFC7C9EE78CCEED0675ADE024F6A4FDB"> +<mods:roleTerm id="0CC9ED4EE756219A913F839812CDBF27">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="12B3A1B81D25F7DF1366DCFFF8DBA857">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="868FEBDC4DACD5FB3D82DA7E4B69B984" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E42F33FF8A728D425CD9FF51C2D64786"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F70DB2F937085A8987C03D921384C90F">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="86530BFBF96A353DDE17FE4473CD54BF">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="5C4183403DED6D9B69296D5A50932168">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="D78E6AF275F8040CEF8F9E903AF1E720"> +<mods:dateIssued id="C36670F6112AB6B943F6057035A786DD">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="49227163D0BB7DD4CFF007EAED4F8DAA">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="6CE852C77D1F12305E2B283B126DFFC1"> +<mods:placeTerm id="ACC33A963651251771B6602900EF5710">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="07EF19578F452396CA35CCBC1CAEC7F7">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC29B66627F7C76FD48FA2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC29B66627F7C76FD48FA2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC29B66627F7C76FD48FA2C" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC29B60627F7C76FCA1FEE2" box="[596,774,319,345]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B60627F7C76FCA1FEE2" blockId="43.[121,1133,319,381]" box="[596,774,319,345]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFC29B60627F7C76FCA1FEE2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[596,774,319,345]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60627F7C76FCA1FEE2" ID-CoL="3P92" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[596,774,319,345]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60627F7C76FCA1FEE2" bold="true" box="[596,774,319,345]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">CHRISTELLA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC29B6060527C21FCF5FE1A" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B6060527C21FBCAFEC7" blockId="43.[121,1133,319,381]" box="[121,1133,359,381]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6060527C21FEC6FEC6" authority="H. Lev., Flore" authorityName="H. Lev., Flore" box="[121,353,359,381]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060527C21FF78FEC6" bold="true" box="[121,223,360,381]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Christella</emphasis> +H. Lév., Flore +</taxonomicName> +de Kouy-tchéou 472. 1915.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC29B60625C7C22FD30FEC0" box="[631,663,363,379]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC29B60625C7C22FD30FEC0" box="[631,663,363,379]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6062B47C23FC95FEC0" box="[671,818,362,379]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6062B47C23FC95FEC0" box="[671,818,362,379]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Christella parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) H. Lév.[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60638A7C23FBF7FEC0" box="[929,1104,362,379]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasiticum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60638A7C23FBF7FEC0" box="[929,1104,362,379]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Polypodium parasiticum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L.]. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B6060B27CD9FCF5FE1A" blockId="43.[153,1250,400,471]" box="[153,850,400,417]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFC29B6060B27CD9FCF5FE1A" author="K. Iwats." box="[153,850,400,417]" issue="1" journal="Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, ser. B" page="28" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" score="10.725328331126558" volume="31" year="1964"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6060B27CD9FDDCFE1A" ID-CoL="8RQNS" authority="K. Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ." box="[153,635,400,417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyclosoriopsis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060B27CD9FF4BFE1A" box="[153,236,400,417]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061367CD9FE23FE1A" box="[285,388,400,417]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Cyclosoriopsis</emphasis> +K. Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC29B6062557CD9FD0BFE1B" box="[638,684,400,416]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Kyoto</collectingRegion> +, ser. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC29B6062F97CD9FD79FE1B" box="[722,734,400,416]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +, 31(1):28. 1964 +</treatmentCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC29B6063797CD9FCA3FE00" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B6063797CD9FCA3FE00" blockId="43.[153,1250,400,471]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +.— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC29B6063437CD9FC2FFE1B" box="[872,904,400,416]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC29B6063437CD9FC2FFE1B" box="[872,904,400,416]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6063B97CD9FB6BFE1A" ID-CoL="569Y4" authority="(Forssk.) E. P. St. John" authorityName="E. P. St. John" baseAuthorityName="Forssk." box="[914,1228,400,417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6063B97CD9FB87FE1A" box="[914,1056,400,417]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Thelypteris dentata</emphasis> +(Forssk.) E.P. St. John +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6060927CE3FE32FE07" ID-CoL="4LF8W" authority="Forssk." authorityName="Forssk." box="[185,405,426,444]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060927CE3FEF1FE00" box="[185,342,426,443]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Polypodium dentatum</emphasis> +Forssk. +</taxonomicName> +] = +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061837CE3FCA3FE00" ID-CoL="5YGRB" authority="(Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy" box="[424,772,426,444]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061837CE3FD8DFE00" box="[424,554,426,443]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Christella dentata</emphasis> +(Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC29B6060B27C8CFD73FE6C" box="[153,724,453,471]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B6060B27C8CFD73FE6C" blockId="43.[153,1250,400,471]" box="[153,724,453,471]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC29B60615B7C8FFE4DFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[368,490,454,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="43" pageNumber="33" pagination="293 - 339" part="31" refId="ref109796" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella. Kew Bull. 31: 293 - 339." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1976b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC29B6061DB7C8FFD87FE6C" author="Holttum" box="[496,544,454,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC29B60620D7C8FFDEAFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[550,589,454,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC29B6062727C8FFD68FE6C" author="Lin" box="[601,719,453,471]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="43" pageNumber="33" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al.(2013)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC29B6060527CA5FC4CFDB9" box="[121,1003,492,514]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B6060527CA5FC4CFDB9" blockId="43.[121,1250,492,1826]" box="[121,1003,492,514]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060527CA5FF7DFDBA" box="[121,218,492,513]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Honoring Swiss pteridologist Hermann Christ, 1833–1933 ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC29B6063047CA4FC78FDB9" author="Stewart" box="[815,991,492,514]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart et al. 1983</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC29B6060817F44FC86FAF9" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B6060817F44FC86FAF9" blockId="43.[121,1250,492,1826]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +Plants terrestrial, medium-sized (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC29B6062237F44FDEFFD99" box="[520,584,525,546]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity> +) to large (fronds to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC29B60631A7F44FCDCFD9A" box="[817,891,524,546]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="150.0">150 cm</quantity> +tall); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60639D7F44FBB1FD99" bold="true" box="[950,1046,525,546]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">rhizomes</emphasis> +most often short- to long-creeping or suberect, occasionally erect; rhizome scales almost always lanceolate, brown, setulose on margins and surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060FD7F04FEBDFDD9" bold="true" box="[214,282,589,610]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, occasionally weakly dimorphic with the fertile ones taller and longer-stiped, pinnate-pinnatifid, erect or arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60619A7F24FE4BFD39" bold="true" box="[433,492,621,642]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to purplish, adaxially grooved, bearing scales at the base like those of rhizome apices; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061037FC5FECDFD1A" bold="true" box="[296,362,652,673]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous, drying greenish, with proximal several 1–5(–10) pairs of pinna gradually reduced and almost always auricled at acroscopic base (the lowest not less than +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC29B6063F87FE4FBA5FD7A" box="[979,1026,684,706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity> +long), less often blades truncate at base (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60616E7F85FE65FD5A" box="[325,450,716,737]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moluccana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60616E7F85FE65FD5A" box="[325,450,716,737]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. moluccana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061E67F85FDE7FD59" box="[461,576,716,738]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061E67F85FDE7FD59" box="[461,576,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); blade apices usually not conform and generally pinnatifid or pinnatisect, infrequently subconform; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061897FA4FE51FCB9" bold="true" box="[418,502,749,770]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">rachises</emphasis> +generally quite hairy, hairs 0.1–1.0 mm long, rarely also scaly (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6064587FA5FB74FCB9" box="[1139,1235,748,770]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crinipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6064587FA5FB74FCB9" box="[1139,1235,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. crinipes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), lacking proliferous buds in axils of pinnae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6062097E44FDCFFC99" bold="true" box="[546,616,781,802]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">pinnae</emphasis> +usually alternate or becoming alternate distally, adaxially with a groove that is not continuous with the rachis groove, shallowly to often deeply pinnatifid; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6063FC7E64FBABFCF9" bold="true" box="[983,1036,813,834]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">veins</emphasis> +usually prominent on both sides, unbranched, 1–3 lowermost pairs from adjacent segments united at an obtuse angle below the sinus, and forming excurrent veins running to the sinus, rarely lowermost veins connivent at the sinus (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6064397E25FB23FC39" box="[1042,1156,876,898]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conspersa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6064397E25FB23FC39" box="[1042,1156,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. conspersa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or meeting the segment margins above the sinus (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6062047EC5FD2AFC1A" box="[559,653,908,929]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harveyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6062047EC5FD2AFC1A" box="[559,653,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C.harveyi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), free vein ends reaching segment margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6064067EC5FB39FC1A" bold="true" box="[1069,1182,908,929]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">aerophores</emphasis> +absent at pinna bases, not swollen (pinnae abaxially sometimes with a slightly raised, darkened lunate ridge at attachment to rachis); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060EF7E84FE2CFC59" bold="true" box="[196,395,973,994]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of stipes, rachises, costae, veins, and often laminar tissue between veins of hyaline, acicular, spreading hairs (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061AB7EA5FE7CFBBA" box="[384,475,1004,1025]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evoluta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061AB7EA5FE7CFBBA" box="[384,475,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. evoluta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is nearly glabrous), these short to long (0.1–1+ mm), generally unicellular, sometimes also with short capitate hairs, these usually with orangish to reddish, somewhat elongate (pear-shaped or clavate) glands on costules and veins, lacking sessile spherical glands and costal scales; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6063EB7964FB20FBF9" bold="true" box="[960,1159,1069,1090]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of generally long (> 0.5 mm) hyaline, unicellular setae on stipes, rachises, and costae, sometimes also on veins, also often with scattered to rather dense, usually somewhat spreading (at least not closely appressed) hairs 0.2–0.3 mm between veins on most species; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60613079C5FED5FB1A" bold="true" box="[283,370,1164,1185]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue on both sides; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6062D879C4FCBCFB19" bold="true" box="[755,795,1165,1186]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">sori</emphasis> +medial or nearly so, not coalescent at maturity, indusiate (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60613479E5FEC2FB7A" box="[287,357,1196,1217]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60613479E5FEC2FB7A" box="[287,357,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. nana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), indusia usually setose on margins and surfaces, and somewhat persistent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60641A79E4FB31FB79" bold="true" box="[1073,1174,1197,1218]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">sporangia</emphasis> +usually without setulae or glands on the capsules, but often each with a unicellular, orangish, elongate gland on the stalk (such glands absent in many African spp.); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061C679A5FD96FABA" bold="true" box="[493,561,1260,1281]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">spores</emphasis> +dark brown, with perispore variously ridged, rugose, or tuberculate, lacking narrow wings; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60617D7845FEC6FA9A" box="[342,353,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">x</emphasis> += 36 (14+ spp. counted), diploids and several different tetraploids ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6063CA7845FBE7FA9A" box="[993,1088,1292,1313]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6063CA7845FBE7FA9A" box="[993,1088,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6064677845FB66FA9A" box="[1100,1217,1292,1313]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6064677845FB66FA9A" box="[1100,1217,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6064E77845FF55FAFA" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6064E77845FF55FAFA" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. subpubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) known, as well as many interspecific hybrids (see below). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC29B6060827805FD31F89A" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC29B6060827805FD31F89A" blockId="43.[121,1250,492,1826]" pageId="43" pageNumber="33"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060827805FEA4FADA" box="[169,259,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC29B6061347804FE66FAD9" author="Holttum" box="[287,449,1357,1378]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="43" pageNumber="33" pagination="293 - 339" part="31" refId="ref109796" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella. Kew Bull. 31: 293 - 339." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1976b)</bibRefCitation> +considered the essential characters of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60631E7805FC28FADA" box="[821,911,1356,1377]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60631E7805FC28FADA" box="[821,911,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to include the presence of an elongate, unicellular gland on the sporangial stalks (illustrated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC29B6062EE7824FC94FA39" author="Smith" box="[709,819,1389,1410]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="43" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC29B6062EE7824FD58FA39" box="[709,767,1389,1410]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Smith</collectingRegion> +1971 +</bibRefCitation> +), usually gradual reduction of auricled proximal pinnae (1–5 pairs), the universal presence of erect, acicular hairs on blades, including between the veins, and the absence of sessile spherical glands on the blades, as well as on the sporangial capsules. However, there are exceptions to some of these characters in particular species, e.g., the African species initially placed in sect. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6063DF7885FBC8FA5A" box="[1012,1135,1484,1505]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6063DF7885FBC8FA5A" box="[1012,1135,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +lack glands on the sporangial stalks, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061BC78A5FDAAF9BA" box="[407,525,1516,1537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061BC78A5FDAAF9BA" box="[407,525,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +lacks reduced proximal pinnae. Among related genera, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60640078A5FB22F9BA" box="[1067,1157,1516,1537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60640078A5FB22F9BA" box="[1067,1157,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6060D47B45FE38F99A" box="[255,415,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060D47B45FE38F99A" box="[255,415,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by the stipe base scales lanceolate, hairy on the margins and both sides, spreading (vs. stipe base scales often ovate, glabrous or with few hairs, appressed); generally anastomosing veins or pairs of veins that unite and produce an excurrent vein that runs to the sinus; the smaller number (or even absence) of reduced proximal pinnae at the base of the blades (vs. blade bases with as many as 12 pairs of abruptly reduced pinnae, the lowest < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC29B6064827B24FB45F93A" box="[1193,1250,1644,1666]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +and glanduliform); the presence of acicular hairs on and between the veins, both abaxially and adaxially (vs. hairs usually absent on veins and/or between veins, both sides of lamina); and the usual presence of an orangish, unicellular, clavate or tubular gland on each sporangial stalk as well as sometimes on the indusia and along the veins and costules abaxially. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6060F27BA5FEC3F8BA" box="[217,356,1772,1793]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060F27BA5FEC3F8BA" box="[217,356,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061CB7BA5FD9DF8BA" box="[480,570,1772,1793]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061CB7BA5FD9DF8BA" box="[480,570,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in often bearing sulfur-yellow, sessile, spherical glands along the veins and costules, especially towards the tips of the segments. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC59B6760BA7DE8FBC5FC0C" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC59B6760BA7DE8FC34FE4C" blockId="44.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760BA7DE8FEDBFF0D" box="[145,380,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—The 66 known species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762A77DE8FD41FF0D" box="[652,742,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762A77DE8FD41FF0D" box="[652,742,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are mostly restricted to the Old World tropics and subtropics, from Africa through +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6761B77D8BFE68FF6C" box="[412,463,194,215]" name="India" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry> +and southeast Asia, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6762B37D8BFD71FF6C" box="[664,726,194,215]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6762CB7D8BFCBFFF6C" box="[736,792,194,215]" name="Japan" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Japan</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6763667D8BFC3DFF6C" box="[845,922,194,215]" name="Malaysia" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, and Polynesia. The center of diversity of the genus is clearly +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6761F07DABFDB0FF4C" box="[475,535,226,247]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry> +and mainland southeast Asia to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6763627DABFCDBFF4C" box="[841,892,226,247]" name="India" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry> +(nearly 40 spp.), with a diminished number of species in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6761077C4BFEDFFEAC" box="[300,376,258,279]" name="Malaysia" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, and Polynesia (17 species; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6762C17C4BFCDAFEAC" author="Holttum" box="[746,893,258,279]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +), and even fewer in Africa (ca. four spp.; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6760BE7C6BFE8CFE8C" author="Holttum" box="[149,299,290,311]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +) and the Neotropics (two native, one naturalized; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B67630A7C6BFC33FE8C" author="Smith" box="[801,916,290,311]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith 1971</bibRefCitation> +). The two native species in the Americas are +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6760CC7C0BFEFAFEEC" box="[231,349,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conspersa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760CC7C0BFEFAFEEC" box="[231,349,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. conspersa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and the pantropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762027C0BFD3EFEED" box="[553,665,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762027C0BFD3EFEED" box="[553,665,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; a third species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67636B7C0BFC06FEED" box="[832,929,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67636B7C0BFC06FEED" box="[832,929,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, historically confused with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67649F7C0BFF10FECD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67649F7C0BFF10FECD" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is very widely naturalized and is now one of the most commonly collected ferns in many parts of North and South America, from southeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6761CC7CCBFDCDFE2C" box="[487,618,386,407]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">United States</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6762B77CCBFD42FE2C" box="[668,741,386,407]" name="Mexico" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B67634E7CCBFC06FE2C" box="[869,929,386,407]" name="Brazil" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6763807CCBFBA1FE2C" box="[939,1030,386,407]" name="Paraguay" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Paraguay</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6764177CCBFB27FE2C" box="[1084,1152,386,407]" name="Bolivia" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6764A67CCBFF36FE0C" author="Smith" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith 1971</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6760B17CEBFEDFFE0C" author="Strother & Smith" box="[154,376,418,439]" firstAuthor="Strother" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="871 - 874" part="19" refId="ref114914" refString="STROTHER, J. L. & A. R. SMITH. 1970. Chorology, collection dates, and taxonomic responsibility. Taxon 19: 871 - 874." title="Chorology, collection dates, and taxonomic responsibility" type="journal article" year="1970">Strother & Smith 1970</bibRefCitation> +). +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC59B6761AC7CEBFE30FE0C" box="[391,407,418,439]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +group of species in eastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6762897CEBFD4BFE0C" box="[674,748,418,439]" name="Malaysia" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Malesia</collectingCountry> +and Melanesia seems to be confined to limestone or coral rocks (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761097C8BFE31FE6D" box="[290,406,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buwaldae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761097C8BFE31FE6D" box="[290,406,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. buwaldae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761897C8BFDACFE6D" box="[418,523,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761897C8BFDACFE6D" box="[418,523,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. calcarea</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67623C7C8BFDDCFE6D" box="[535,635,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gretheri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67623C7C8BFDDCFE6D" box="[535,635,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. gretheri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762A37C8BFD4DFE6C" box="[648,746,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762A37C8BFD4DFE6C" box="[648,746,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. minima</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762DC7C8BFCD1FE6D" box="[759,886,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moluccana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762DC7C8BFCD1FE6D" box="[759,886,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. moluccana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763A97C8BFC6AFE6C" box="[898,973,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763A97C8BFC6AFE6C" box="[898,973,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. nana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763F27C8BFBC8FE6D" box="[985,1135,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763F27C8BFBC8FE6D" box="[985,1135,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. perpubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6764577C8BFEA5FE4C" author="Chen" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chen" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Tawian, R. O. C" page="340 - 341" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" refId="ref107407" refString="CHEN, C. W., L. PERRIE, D. GLENNY, & W. L. CHIOU. 2017. Sol amazing: lycophytes and ferns of the Solomon Islands. National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Tawian, R. O. C." title="Sol amazing: lycophytes and ferns of the Solomon Islands" type="book" year="2017">Chen et al. 2017:340–341</bibRefCitation> +) and were placed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761E87CA8FD7EFE4D" box="[451,729,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Leptochristella"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761E87CA8FDBAFE4D" box="[451,541,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67627A7CA8FD7EFE4D" box="[593,729,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Leptochristella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6762D27CABFC2AFE4C" author="Holttum" box="[761,909,482,503]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC59B6760BA7F48FCC8FD4C" blockId="44.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6760BA7F48FE93FDAC" box="[145,308,513,535]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760BA7F48FF4CFDAD" box="[145,235,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +are often widespread, locally common or even abundant, and sometimes weedy; the species generally occur at low to middle elevations, 0–1600(–2500) m. They are also quite variable morphologically, and this is reflected in the many heterotypic synonyms (> 10) for the most widespread species (see, e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6763C17F0BFBCDFDEC" author="Li" box="[1002,1130,578,599]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6764587F0BFF35FDCC" author="Lin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +). Species are commonly found along roadsides and trails, in ditches, ravines, and sometimes on limestone outcrops, often in slightly to heavily disturbed habitats. The ubiquitous +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762C37FCBFCE0FD2D" ID-CoL="5YGRB" box="[744,839,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762C37FCBFCE0FD2D" box="[744,839,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC59B67637F7FCBFC36FD2C" box="[852,913,642,663]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67637F7FCBFC36FD2C" bold="true" box="[852,913,642,663]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2J</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) is a common greenhouse weed. Circumscription of the genus herein is largely as treated in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6762B27FEBFC8FFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[665,808,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B67631A7FEBFCCAFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[817,877,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="293 - 339" part="31" refId="ref109796" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella. Kew Bull. 31: 293 - 339." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">1976b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B67635E7FEBFC01FD0C" author="Holttum" box="[885,934,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), except that we exclude some African and all American species recognized as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762667F88FCCEFD6D" ID-CoL="8H2M" box="[589,873,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762667F88FD0BFD6D" box="[589,684,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762C37F88FCCEFD6D" box="[744,873,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by Holttum and allied either with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A7FA8FEA6FD4D" ID-CoL="6ZT7" box="[97,257,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A7FA8FEA6FD4D" box="[97,257,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(the African ones) or placed in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762027FA8FD03FD4D" ID-CoL="8RTTY" box="[553,676,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762027FA8FD03FD4D" box="[553,676,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(the American ones). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC59B6760BA7E4BFBC5FC0C" blockId="44.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +Some of the species accepted in the +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761DB7E48FDD1FCAD" box="[496,630,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6762157E48FDD1FCAD" box="[574,630,769,790]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry> +</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6762AF7E4BFCB3FCAC" author="Lin" box="[644,788,770,791]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6763367E4BFC39FCAC" author="Li" box="[797,926,770,791]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +), e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763F17E48FF45FC8C" authority="(Wall. ex Kuhn) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molliusculus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763F17E48FBCFFCAD" box="[986,1128,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. molliusculus</emphasis> +(Wall. ex Kuhn) Ching +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6760C17E68FE01FC8C" ID-CoL="8R8RW" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[234,422,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvifolius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760C17E68FEC3FC8D" box="[234,356,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C.parvifolius</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761857E68FD10FC8C" ID-CoL="46ZP9" authority="(Mett.) Copel." authorityName="Copel." baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[430,695,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procurrens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761857E68FD8CFC8C" box="[430,555,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. procurrens</emphasis> +(Mett.) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762CE7E68FB8FFC8C" ID-CoL="8R8SF" authority="Ching & C. F. Zhang" authorityName="Ching & C. F. Zhang" box="[741,1064,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762CE7E68FCFCFC8C" box="[741,859,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. pygmaeus</emphasis> +Ching & C. F. Zhang +</taxonomicName> +, are known from relatively small areas in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B67616A7E0BFEDAFCEC" box="[321,381,834,855]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry> +and rather few specimens. We have not seen specimens or even photos of +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC59B6764057E0BFBC2FCEC" box="[1070,1125,834,855]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus> +.We prefer to await a more comprehensive treatment of the genus through its wide range to better evaluate the utility and consistency of the characters being used to define them, as well as their relationships to broadly variable and more widely distributed members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67616F7EE8FE38FC0D" ID-CoL="3P92" box="[324,415,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67616F7EE8FE38FC0D" box="[324,415,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC59B6761907EEBFE50FC0C" box="[443,503,930,951]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">China</collectingCountry> +and elsewhere, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762937EE8FC8BFC0C" ID-CoL="5YH4D" box="[696,812,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762937EE8FC8BFC0C" box="[696,812,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67631D7EE8FC33FC0D" ID-CoL="5YGRB" box="[822,916,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67631D7EE8FC33FC0D" box="[822,916,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763E37EE8FBFBFC0D" ID-CoL="5YH44" box="[968,1116,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763E37EE8FBFBFC0D" box="[968,1116,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. subpubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC59B6660BA7E8BFD48FA2C" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC59B6760BA7E8BFCFDFB2C" blockId="44.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760BA7E8BFDF6FC6D" box="[145,593,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761DD7E88FDF6FC6D" box="[502,593,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Christella</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B67627C7E8BFDD6FC6C" box="[599,625,962,983]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67627C7E8BFDCBFC6C" box="[599,620,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, as defined here, including some of the African species of sect. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A7EA8FF7BFC4D" box="[97,220,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A7EA8FF7BFC4D" box="[97,220,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +discussed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B67614B7EABFE58FC4C" author="Holttum" box="[352,511,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +, but not the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC59B67625F7EABFD06FC4C" box="[628,673,994,1015]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus> +, is a member of the christelloid clade, which also includes +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A7948FEA1FBAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[97,262,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A7948FEA1FBAD" box="[97,262,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B676139794BFE04FBAC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[274,419,1026,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B676139794BFE04FBAC" box="[274,419,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67619B7948FD87FBAD" box="[432,544,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67619B7948FD87FBAD" box="[432,544,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and a few smaller genera ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC59B676306794BFCC3FBAC" box="[813,868,1026,1047]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B676306794BFCC3FBAC" bold="true" box="[813,868,1026,1047]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). In its redefined sense, the genus is sister to the clade including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761547968FD83FB8D" box="[383,548,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761547968FD83FB8D" box="[383,548,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67621A796BFD13FB8C" box="[561,692,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67621A796BFD17FB8C" box="[561,688,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trigonospora</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762CC7968FCF0FB8D" box="[743,855,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762CC7968FCF0FB8D" box="[743,855,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and this combined clade is sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A7908FF4BFBED" box="[97,236,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A7908FF4BFBED" box="[97,236,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B6760DB790BFEABFBEC" box="[240,268,1090,1111]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760DB790BFEA2FBEC" box="[240,261,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC59B67613B790BFE87FBEC" box="[272,288,1090,1111]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +clade of African species, including +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762407908FCCFFBEC" box="[619,872,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762407908FD7BFBED" box="[619,732,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chaseana">C. chaseana</taxonomicName> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC59B6762C87908FD52FBED" box="[739,757,1089,1110]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. gueintziana +</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763B07908FBB1FBED" box="[923,1046,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microbasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763B07908FBB1FBED" box="[923,1046,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">C. microbasis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, variously resolves as sister to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760FA7928FEF6FBCC" box="[209,337,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6760FA7928FE8AFBCD" box="[209,301,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Christella</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B67611F792BFEF6FBCC" box="[308,337,1122,1143]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, or as sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761C27928FD2BFBCD" box="[489,652,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761C27928FD2BFBCD" box="[489,652,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press). Species previously recognized as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A79C8FF1CFB2D" box="[97,187,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A79C8FF1CFB2D" box="[97,187,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are resolved in clades corresponding to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67621379C8FD14FB2D" box="[568,691,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67621379C8FD14FB2D" box="[568,691,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762CB79CBFCF3FB2C" box="[736,852,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762CB79CBFCF3FB2C" box="[736,852,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC59B6760BA79EBFE44FAEC" blockId="44.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +The taxonomy and relationships within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67623E79E8FDC8FB0D" box="[533,623,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67623E79E8FDC8FB0D" box="[533,623,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are still preliminary, because of their widespread and variable nature, propensity to hybridize with related species (and perhaps also with species in other genera), the widespread polyploidy in the genus, and their tendency toward weediness. For general characterization and treatments of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67644579A8FB6FFB4D" box="[1134,1224,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67644579A8FB6FFB4D" box="[1134,1224,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in Asia see Holttum’s seminal works (1971, 1976b) and the revision of Chinese taxa by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B676392784BFBEEFAAC" author="Li" box="[953,1097,1281,1303]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +; coverage for Pacific species is by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B676137786BFE1BFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[284,444,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b)</bibRefCitation> +, and for Malesian taxa by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B676285786BFCE3FA8C" author="Holttum" box="[686,836,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B676360786BFC4EFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[843,1001,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +also treated the African species, and those from adjacent islands. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC59B6760A4782BFD0EF9CD" blockId="44.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +Some authors, for example +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6761BB782BFD83FACC" author="Lin" box="[400,548,1377,1399]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B676264782BFD01FACC" author="Li" box="[591,678,1378,1399]" firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li (2013)</bibRefCitation> +, have included +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67631D7828FC09FACD" box="[822,942,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67631D7828FC37FACD" box="[822,912,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Christella</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B6763BF7828FC09FACD" box="[916,942,1377,1398]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +as part of a much larger genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A78C8FF6AFA2D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[97,205,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A78C8FF6AFA2D" box="[97,205,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B6760FF78C8FF48FA2D" box="[212,239,1409,1430]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760FF78C8FF4EFA2D" box="[212,233,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, which, thus defined, includes several other christelloid genera (especially +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67643978C8FB64FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1042,1219,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67643978C8FB64FA2D" box="[1042,1219,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A78EBFE2CFA0C" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[97,395,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A78EBFF54FA0C" box="[97,243,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +sensu Holttum +</taxonomicName> +), and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761ED78E8FD8EFA0D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[454,553,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761ED78E8FD8EFA0D" box="[454,553,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +itself, which we recognize as a small genus of two species. However, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A7888FF63FA6D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[97,196,1473,1494]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A7888FF63FA6D" box="[97,196,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B6760E3788BFF43FA6D" box="[200,228,1473,1495]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760E3788BFF7AFA6C" box="[200,221,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is significantly different in several morphological characters and falls outside the christelloid clade ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6764B8788BFF70FA4C" author="He & Zhang" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6760CB78ABFE3AFA4C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[224,413,1505,1527]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press). Definitions of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67633378A8FCDAFA4D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[792,893,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67633378A8FCDAFA4D" box="[792,893,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B6763AA78A8FC3CFA4D" box="[897,923,1505,1526]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763AA78A8FC32FA4D" box="[897,917,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +often exclude +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67640078A8FB64FA4D" box="[1067,1219,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67640078A8FB03FA4D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1067,1188,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B67648178A8FB64FA4D" box="[1194,1219,1505,1526]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, which is now known to be polyphyletic, with two of its four segregates ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763207B4BFCD8F9AC" box="[779,895,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763207B4BFCD8F9AC" box="[779,895,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763867B48FBB3F9AD" box="[941,1044,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763867B48FBB3F9AD" box="[941,1044,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) falling within the chingioid clade and the other two ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67619B7B68FD8EF98D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[432,553,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67619B7B68FD8EF98D" box="[432,553,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC59B6762057B6BFDEEF98D" box="[558,585,1569,1591]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762057B6BFDE3F98C" box="[558,580,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762557B68FD4EF98D" box="[638,745,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762557B68FD4EF98D" box="[638,745,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) being within the christelloid clade and related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A7B08FF1AF9ED" box="[97,189,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67604A7B08FF1AF9ED" box="[97,189,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC59B6760E67B0BFEA2F9EC" box="[205,261,1602,1623]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760E67B0BFEA2F9EC" bold="true" box="[205,261,1602,1623]" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). As a consequence of new phylogenetic information, and reconsideration of the morphology, we here choose to recognize +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67617A7B28FE0CF9CD" box="[337,427,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67617A7B28FE0CF9CD" box="[337,427,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in a more restricted sense. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC59B6660BA7BCBFF70FE4C" blockId="44.[97,1228,161,1815]" lastBlockId="45.[121,1252,161,1431]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760BA7BCBFF63F92C" box="[145,196,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Notes</emphasis> +.—Hybrids between species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761D87BC8FDE9F92D" box="[499,590,1665,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761D87BC8FDE9F92D" box="[499,590,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +abound, and many different infrageneric hybrids have been proposed ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B67608F7BEBFEF4F90C" author="Shieh & Tsai" box="[164,339,1698,1719]" firstAuthor="Shieh" journalOrPublisher="J. Sci. Engin. (Natl. Chung-Hsing Univ.)" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 12" part="24" refId="ref114027" refString="SHIEH, W. C. & J. L. TSAI. 1987. Three natural hybrids of the Thelypteridaceae in Taiwan. J. Sci. Engin. (Natl. Chung-Hsing Univ.) 24: 1 - 12." title="Three natural hybrids of the Thelypteridaceae in Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1987">Shieh & Tsai 1987</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC59B6761717BE8FE7CF90C" author="Wagner" box="[346,475,1697,1719]" firstAuthor="Wagner" journalOrPublisher="Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb." pageId="44" pageNumber="34" pagination="63 - 82" part="19" refId="ref115621" refString="WAGNER JR., W. H. 1993. New species of Hawaiian pteridophytes. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 63 - 82." title="New species of Hawaiian pteridophytes" type="journal article" year="1993">Wagner 1993</bibRefCitation> +; Fraser-Jenkins 1997): +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762997BE8FC06F90D" box="[690,929,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762997BE8FCBDF90D" box="[690,794,1697,1718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thelypteris</taxonomicName> +×aculodentata +</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk.[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67640E7BE8FB6EF90D" box="[1061,1225,1697,1718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67640E7BE8FB6EF90D" box="[1061,1225,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67604A7B88FF66F96D" box="[97,193,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaculosa"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67605F7B88FF66F96D" box="[116,193,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">jaculosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6760FD7B88FEE6F96D" box="[214,321,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760FD7B88FEE6F96D" box="[214,321,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67617E7B88FE1EF96D" box="[341,441,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">dentiarida</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. [ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67626D7B88FD79F96D" box="[582,734,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67626D7B88FD79F96D" box="[582,734,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella arida</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6762CE7B88FC98F96D" box="[741,831,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6762D37B88FC98F96D" box="[760,831,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67637F7B88FB6DF96C" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[852,1226,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gorkhalensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67637F7B88FC18F96D" box="[852,959,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763F97B88FBEDF96D" box="[978,1098,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">gorkhalensis</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6760427BA8FF59F94D" box="[105,254,1761,1782]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760427BA8FF59F94D" box="[105,254,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella arida</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67612F7BA8FEF1F94D" box="[260,342,1761,1782]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67613C7BA8FEF1F94D" box="[279,342,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">clarkei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761417BA8FC14F94C" authority="(W. C. Shieh & J. L. Tsai) D. D. Palmer" authorityName="D. D. Palmer" baseAuthorityName="W. C. Shieh & J. L. Tsai" box="[362,947,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761417BA8FE61F94D" box="[362,454,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761F27BA8FD99F94D" box="[473,574,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">intermedia</emphasis> +(W.C. Shieh & J.L. Tsai) D.D. Palmer +</taxonomicName> +(= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763FF7BA8FF08F8AC" authority="W. H. Wagner" authorityName="W. H. Wagner" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incesta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6763FF7BA8FB37F94C" box="[980,1168,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Thelypteris ×incesta</emphasis> +W.H. Wagner +</taxonomicName> +) [ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6760EA7A48FEC0F8AD" box="[193,359,1793,1814]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6760EA7A48FEC0F8AD" box="[193,359,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761477A48FE7FF8AC" box="[364,472,1793,1815]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761557A4BFE7FF8AC" box="[382,472,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B6761C17A48FD6AF8AC" box="[490,717,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6761C17A48FDF5F8AD" box="[490,594,1793,1814]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thelypteris</taxonomicName> +×inexpectata +</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. [ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B67637E7A48FC5DF8AD" box="[853,1018,1793,1814]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67637E7A48FC5DF8AD" box="[853,1018,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B6763D47A48FBF5F8AD" box="[1023,1106,1793,1814]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evoluta"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67643A7A48FBF5F8AD" box="[1041,1106,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">evoluta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC59B66644D7A48FE6EFF0C" authority="W. C. Shieh & J. L. Tsai" authorityName="W. C. Shieh & J. L. Tsai" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="35" order="Polypodiales" pageId="44" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedius"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC59B67644D7A48FB6EF8AD" box="[1126,1225,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="34">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660AE7DE8FF55FF0D" box="[133,242,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">intermedius</emphasis> +W.C. Shieh & J.L. Tsai +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661FF7DE8FDDEFF0D" box="[468,633,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661FF7DE8FDDEFF0D" box="[468,633,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662577DEBFD40FF0C" box="[636,743,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662A67DEBFD40FF0C" box="[653,743,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662D37DE8FBC0FF0C" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[760,1127,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaculodentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662D37DE8FCC7FF0D" box="[760,864,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66635B7DE8FC4AFF0D" box="[880,1005,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">jaculodentata</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664597DEBFB76FF0D" box="[1138,1233,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664597DEBFB76FF0D" box="[1138,1233,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664FF7DEBFF64FF6D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaculosa"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660527D88FF64FF6D" box="[121,195,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">jaculosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660FE7D88FE5AFF6C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[213,509,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kumaunica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660FE7D88FE88FF6D" box="[213,303,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66616B7D88FE01FF6D" box="[320,422,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">kumaunica</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662217D88FD3CFF6D" box="[522,667,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662217D88FD3CFF6D" box="[522,667,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella arida</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66628B7D8BFD52FF6C" box="[672,757,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procera"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66629A7D8BFD52FF6C" box="[689,757,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">procera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +?]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663247D88FB81FF6C" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[783,1062,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663247D88FCD0FF6D" box="[783,887,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663A37D88FC0BFF6D" box="[904,940,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">linii</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66641A7D88FB68FF6D" box="[1073,1231,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66641A7D88FB68FF6D" box="[1073,1231,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella clarkei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664FF7D8BFF1AFF4D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660527DA8FF1AFF4D" box="[121,189,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660E47DA8FDACFF4C" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[207,523,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nareshii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660E47DA8FE90FF4D" box="[207,311,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661637DA8FE36FF4D" box="[328,401,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">nareshii</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66623D7DA8FD1CFF4D" box="[534,699,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66623D7DA8FD1CFF4D" box="[534,699,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662947DABFCB3FF4C" box="[703,788,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procera"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662FB7DABFCB3FF4C" box="[720,788,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">procera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66630E7DA8FBDCFF4C" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[805,1147,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papilioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66630E7DA8FC2AFF4D" box="[805,909,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663B57DA8FBA6FF4D" box="[926,1025,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">papilioides</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664AD7DA8FF1CFEAD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papilio"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664AD7DA8FF1CFEAD" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella papilio</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660E97C4BFEBAFEAC" box="[194,285,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procera"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660FD7C4BFEBAFEAC" box="[214,285,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">procera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661197C48FD1CFEAC" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[306,699,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parahispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661197C48FE38FEAD" box="[306,415,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661987C48FD9FFEAD" box="[435,568,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">parahispidula</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662E27C48FC2FFEAD" box="[713,904,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662E27C48FC2FFEAD" box="[713,904,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663A47C4BFBA5FEAC" box="[911,1026,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663887C4BFBA5FEAC" box="[931,1026,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66643C7C48FF6AFE8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66643C7C48FBD1FEAD" box="[1047,1142,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664A17C48FB46FEAD" box="[1162,1249,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">altissima</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, type from Natal, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661577C68FDACFE8D" box="[380,523,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Buchanan 103b</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC49B6662337C6BFD8CFE8C" box="[536,555,290,311]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode> +, +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC49B66621E7C6BFDDBFE8C" box="[565,636,290,311]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC49B6662A97C6BFD00FE8C" box="[642,679,290,311]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">UC</collectionCode> +!) appears to be a sterile hybrid with malformed spores and involving +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660F37C0BFE99FEED" box="[216,318,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660F37C0BFE9CFEED" box="[216,315,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">C. dentata</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6661697C0BFE6CFEEC" author="Li" box="[322,459,322,343]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +listed an additional 22 described species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663477C08FB2AFEED" box="[876,1165,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyclosoriopsis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663477C08FC68FEED" box="[876,975,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664277C08FB2AFEED" box="[1036,1165,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Cyclosoriopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, all with types from mainland +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC49B66616D7C2BFE25FECC" box="[326,386,354,375]" name="China" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">China</collectingCountry> +or +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC49B66618B7C2BFE4EFECC" box="[416,489,354,375]" name="Taiwan" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +, that they consider putative hybrids, based on morphological intermediacy, lack of sori or no mature normal sori, and malformed spores. Hybrids within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663047CC8FC2EFE2D" box="[815,905,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663047CC8FC2EFE2D" box="[815,905,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can be expected whenever two species in the genus co-occur, but all suspected hybrids need substantiation by more than just morphological intermediacy and spore malformation: cytological, ecological, and nucleotide sequence evidence are also needed to confirm hybridity. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC49B6660837F4BFB30FC0C" blockId="45.[121,1252,161,1431]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC49B6660837F4BFF1FFDAC" box="[168,184,514,535]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +few intergeneric hybrids, mostly from the Paleotropics, are also suspected, with one parent a +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664327F48FBD6FDAD" box="[1049,1137,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664327F48FBD6FDAD" box="[1049,1137,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664507F48FEF8FD8C" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepalensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664507F48FB46FDAD" box="[1147,1249,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660AE7F68FF42FD8D" box="[133,229,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">nepalensis</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661427F68FDABFD8D" box="[361,524,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661427F68FDABFD8D" box="[361,524,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +× +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662347F6BFCA5FD8C" box="[543,770,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penangiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662347F6BFCA5FD8C" box="[543,770,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Menisciopsis penangiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663387F68FBE3FD8C" authority="Viane" authorityName="Viane" box="[787,1092,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="varievenulosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663387F68FCDCFD8D" box="[787,891,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663A07F68FBAEFD8D" box="[907,1033,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">varievenulosa</emphasis> +Viane +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664647F6BFF38FDED" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664647F6BFF38FDED" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +× +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660997F08FEC3FDED" box="[178,356,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660997F08FEC3FDED" box="[178,356,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +], from the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC49B6661E77F0BFD9EFDEC" box="[460,569,578,599]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B66626F7F0BFD13FDEC" author="Viane" box="[580,692,578,599]" firstAuthor="Viane" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="41 - 56" part="118" refId="ref115431" refString="VIANE, R. L. L. 1985. A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 118: 41 - 56." title="A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast" type="journal article" year="1985">Viane 1985</bibRefCitation> +); another, given a hybrid generic name, is × +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6664617F08FE69FDCC" authority="Quansah & D. S. Edwards" authorityName="Quansah & D. S. Edwards" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chrismatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="holttumii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6664617F08FF6AFDCD" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Chrismatopteris holttumii</emphasis> +Quansah & D. S. Edwards +</taxonomicName> +, from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC49B6662227F2BFDEDFDCC" box="[521,586,610,631]" name="Ghana" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Ghana</collectingCountry> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66627D7F2BFCB6FDCD" box="[598,785,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66627D7F2BFCB6FDCD" box="[598,785,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +× +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66630D7F28FC6DFDCD" box="[806,970,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66630D7F28FC6DFDCD" box="[806,970,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6663FE7F2BFB7EFDCC" author="Quansah & Edwards" box="[981,1241,610,631]" firstAuthor="Quansah" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="805 - 809" part="41" refId="ref113192" refString="QUANSAH, N. & D. S. EDWARDS. 1986. A natural bigeneric fern hybrid in Thelypteridaceae from Ghana. Kew Bull. 41: 805 - 809." title="A natural bigeneric fern hybrid in Thelypteridaceae from Ghana" type="journal article" year="1986">Quansah & Edwards 1986</bibRefCitation> +]. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660527FC8FE6FFD2C" authority="W. H. Wagner" authorityName="W. H. Wagner" box="[121,456,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660527FC8FF45FD2D" box="[121,226,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660DE7FC8FE99FD2D" box="[245,318,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">palmeri</emphasis> +W.H. Wagner +</taxonomicName> +[ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661FD7FC8FDD9FD2D" box="[470,638,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661FD7FC8FDD9FD2D" box="[470,638,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +× +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662B37FCBFCD9FD2D" box="[664,894,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyatheoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662B37FCBFCD9FD2D" box="[664,894,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Menisciopsis cyatheoides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663B97FC8FF08FD0C" authority="(Christ) J. P. Roux" authorityName="J. P. Roux" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wildemanii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663B97FC8FC49FD2D" box="[914,1006,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66642A7FC8FBCEFD2D" box="[1025,1129,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">wildemanii</emphasis> +(Christ) J.P. Roux +</taxonomicName> +, was accorded hybrid status by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6661F27FEBFDF4FD0C" author="Roux" box="[473,595,674,695]" firstAuthor="Roux" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" refId="ref113664" refString="ROUX, J. P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa." title="Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23" type="book" year="2009">Roux (2009)</bibRefCitation> +, but the putative parents were not indicated. By +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6664317FEBFB1FFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[1050,1208,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6660527F8BFF52FD6C" author="Viane" box="[121,245,706,727]" firstAuthor="Viane" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="41 - 56" part="118" refId="ref115431" refString="VIANE, R. L. L. 1985. A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 118: 41 - 56." title="A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast" type="journal article" year="1985">Viane (1985)</bibRefCitation> +, this was thought to be a hybrid involving +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662AC7F8BFCE5FD6D" box="[647,834,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662AC7F8BFCE5FD6D" box="[647,834,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is apparently most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660527FA8FF41FD4D" box="[121,230,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660527FA8FF41FD4D" box="[121,230,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661397FA8FECBFD4D" box="[274,364,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661397FA8FECBFD4D" box="[274,364,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B66627B7FABFD6CFD4C" author="Viane" box="[592,715,738,759]" firstAuthor="Viane" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="41 - 56" part="118" refId="ref115431" refString="VIANE, R. L. L. 1985. A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 118: 41 - 56." title="A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast" type="journal article" year="1985">Viane (1985)</bibRefCitation> +believed the other parent might be a species of Holttum’s +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6660527E48FE2BFCAD" box="[121,396,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pelazoneuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660527E48FF72FCAD" box="[121,213,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661247E48FE2BFCAD" box="[271,396,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which we consider members of the pseudocyclosoroid clade, since none of +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6664AA7E4BFF66FC8C" author="Holttum's" firstAuthor="Holttum's" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum’s (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +African taxa are related to the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC49B6661CF7E6BFDA8FC8C" box="[484,527,802,823]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus> +of sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662707E68FC9FFC8C" box="[603,824,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662707E68FD7EFC8D" box="[603,729,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pelazoneuron</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662CB7E6BFC93FC8C" box="[736,820,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">P. patens</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +In the Neotropics, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6663C77E6BFBCFFC8C" author="Smith" box="[1004,1128,802,823]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation> +postulated a possible origin of tetraploid +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661AF7E08FD94FCED" box="[388,563,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661AF7E08FD94FCED" box="[388,563,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris kunthii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(treated by us herein as a species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663A17E08FBA3FCED" box="[906,1028,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663A17E08FBA3FCED" box="[906,1028,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) from an allopolyploid hybridization event between two diploids, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662397E28FD74FCCD" box="[530,723,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662397E28FD74FCCD" box="[530,723,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(at the time treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663847E28FF62FC2C" authority="(Fee) Schelpe" authorityName="Schelpe" baseAuthorityName="Fee" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangularis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663847E28FB0EFCCD" box="[943,1193,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Thelypteris quadrangularis</emphasis> +(Fée) Schelpe +</taxonomicName> +, now synonymized under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661947EC8FDD6FC2D" box="[447,625,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661947EC8FDD6FC2D" box="[447,625,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662837ECBFD56FC2C" box="[680,753,898,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662837ECBFD56FC2C" box="[680,753,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">T.ovata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(treated by us herein as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663FF7EC8FB30FC2C" box="[980,1175,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663FF7EC8FB30FC2C" box="[980,1175,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Pelazoneuron ovatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). There is now some support for such a hypothesis based on topologies of discordant gene trees (Fawcett et al. in press). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC49B66608C7E8BFD48FA2C" blockId="45.[121,1252,161,1431]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +Perhaps reflecting their penchant to hybridize, members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662F37E88FC95FC6D" box="[728,818,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662F37E88FC95FC6D" box="[728,818,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have also been the subject of artificial hybridization experimentation, maybe more so than within any other genus of ferns. Results of experiments, by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6664427EABFEAAFBAC" author="Panigrahi & Manton" firstAuthor="Panigrahi" journalOrPublisher="J. Linn. Soc., Bot." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="729 - 743" part="55" refId="ref112690" refString="PANIGRAHI, G. & I. MANTON. 1958. Cytological and taxonomic observations on some members of the Cyclosorus parasiticus complex. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 729 - 743." title="Cytological and taxonomic observations on some members of the Cyclosorus parasiticus complex" type="journal article" year="1958"> +Panigrahi & +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC49B666052794BFF61FBAC" box="[121,198,1026,1047]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Manton</collectingRegion> +(1958) +</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B666114794BFD9AFBAC" author="Ghatak & Manton" box="[319,573,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Ghatak" journalOrPublisher="Brit. Fern Gaz." pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="183 - 192" part="10" refId="ref109009" refString="GHATAK, J. & I. MANTON. 1971. Further cytological and taxonomic observations on some members of the Cyclosorus parasiticus complex. Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 183 - 192." title="Further cytological and taxonomic observations on some members of the Cyclosorus parasiticus complex" type="journal article" year="1971"> +Ghatak & +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC49B666181794BFE50FBAC" box="[426,503,1026,1047]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Manton</collectingRegion> +(1971) +</bibRefCitation> +, and conclusions derived from them, were summarized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC49B6664A6794BFE84FB8C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." page="295 - 297" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" pagination="293 - 339" part="31" refId="ref109796" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella. Kew Bull. 31: 293 - 339." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1976b: 295–297)</bibRefCitation> +. Crosses were made between known diploids (especially +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663667968FC1CFB8D" box="[845,955,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663667968FC1CFB8D" box="[845,955,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) from many areas of Asia and Africa, and several tetraploids (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661EC7908FD83FBED" box="[455,548,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661EC7908FD83FBED" box="[455,548,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B666204790BFD2EFBEC" box="[559,649,1090,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B666204790BFD2EFBEC" box="[559,649,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), also from multiple sources. Chromosome pairing in the resultant triploids was often +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B666176792BFECEFBCC" box="[349,361,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis> +pairs and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661E5792BFE7DFBCC" box="[462,474,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis> +univalents, probably indicating a shared genome by the parents, as well as spore malformation (abortion). Other tetraploids used in attempted hybridizations with diploid +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663E279C8FB90FB2D" box="[969,1079,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663E279C8FB90FB2D" box="[969,1079,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +failed, suggesting that the genome of the latter was not part of the makeup of the tetraploids. The authors concluded that some tetraploids in this group (placed by them in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6661847988FDB7FB6D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[431,528,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6661847988FDB7FB6D" box="[431,528,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) were allotetraploid and shared a genome with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663F97988FBE6FB6D" box="[978,1089,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663F97988FBE6FB6D" box="[978,1089,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Additional conclusions related to whether certain characters, i.e., ones frequently used in distinguishing species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66641379A8FB35FB4D" box="[1080,1170,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66641379A8FB35FB4D" box="[1080,1170,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(and by extension, other thelypteroids), behaved as recessive or dominant in hybridizations, and the recessive characters included: 1) erect rhizomes (vs. creeping); 2) gradual reduction of proximal pinnae (vs. no reduction); 3) absence (vs. presence) of thick glandular hairs abaxially on laminae; and 4) verrucose perispore ornamentation (vs. irregular ridges). These findings have implications for erecting a usable taxonomy. In light of these discoveries, it is not surprising that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B66605278C8FF74FA2D" box="[121,211,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B66605278C8FF74FA2D" box="[121,211,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is especially confusing in the field and in the herbarium. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..42520e674c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +<document id="4F3563CF5A696D5B7CF63FFA43270BA0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Chingia acutidens Holttum" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="965F3A51C6DDB80E8BC1216B7A983C12" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="6F792F693ED3807FFE946E547DA83DF1"> +<mods:title id="38A3B11E7EE56F600D5E1DDF10F3D313">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="3C6841082B306CC9BBA6B41531B2B05A" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="59A5B65432CC29F605EA289BA946FF2C"> +<mods:roleTerm id="BE773EA8DA7D15DCCB39CF9EEA609319">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C32573D7D86A76EF0E1BDE6A2CAC8A99">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="D04BFD6692F087D9AA3D1A5DA842294C" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="A1C33E5304E4BFFD26749E40063C792C"> +<mods:roleTerm id="261E80A401D0E3EFDCF9672B9832A78B">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B094E9A8950715594E0D8783AC8221E1">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="31C842FBFE93DCE6135C73BD61A42DB4">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="B1D54DA76164142794BDD9E6AEF01626"> +<mods:dateIssued id="5463E6048E3BA89C5140DA2CF58810EF">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="C5CEB82777356C4949A243D95061ABD6">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="0E9DA5FBBFFE8B79DB84AF8B069CEAE5"> +<mods:placeTerm id="70CD496A8F02CAAF2717EC8CF7923EEF">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="20AA2E243C2C62D0EB0F3C9A94582329">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B60604A7B85FD9DFEAC" blockId="42.[97,1226,1740,1826]" lastBlockId="43.[121,1251,161,279]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="42" pageNumber="32"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7B85FEA9F959" box="[97,270,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61611E7B85FD96F959" ID-CoL="5XRSJ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[309,561,1740,1762]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutidens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61611E7B85FE7EF95A" box="[309,473,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia acutidens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162687B85FCD4F959" ID-CoL="5XS4J" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[579,883,1740,1762]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atrospinosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162687B85FDF5F95A" box="[579,594,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162707B84FD63F959" box="[603,708,1741,1762]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">atrospinosa</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163507B85FB9DF959" ID-CoL="5Y3SJ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[891,1082,1740,1762]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163507B85FC45F95A" box="[891,994,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. australis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61646A7B85FF12F8B9" ID-CoL="5Y44J" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bewaniensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61646A7B85FB6EF95A" box="[1089,1225,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. bewaniensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160967BA5FE65F8B9" ID-CoL="69RSJ" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[189,450,1772,1794]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="christii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160967BA5FEB1F8BA" box="[189,278,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. christii</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161FE7BA5FD00F8B9" ID-CoL="69S4J" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[469,679,1772,1794]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clavipilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161FE7BA5FDE8F8BA" box="[469,591,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. clavipilosa</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162917BA5FC0BF8B9" ID-CoL="HFWF" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[698,940,1772,1794]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162917BA5FCA5F8BA" box="[698,770,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. ferox</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163947BA5FF69F899" ID-CoL="5XS4K" authority="Game, S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="Game, S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fijiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163947BA5FB87F8BA" box="[959,1056,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. fijiensis</emphasis> +Game, S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160FE7A45FDA3F899" ID-CoL="5Y3SK" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[213,516,1804,1826]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horridipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160FE7A45FEEAF89A" box="[213,333,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. horridipes</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162277A45FCB5F899" ID-CoL="5Y44K" authority="(Ces.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ces." box="[524,786,1804,1826]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imponens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162277A45FDDAF899" box="[524,637,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. imponens</emphasis> +(Ces.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6063317A45FF07FF0C" ID-CoL="8R6YM" authority="(W. N. Takeuchi) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="W. N. Takeuchi" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="33" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lindleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163317A45FCDFF89A" box="[794,888,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. lindleyi</emphasis> +(W.N. Takeuchi) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60609A7DEBFE73FF0C" ID-CoL="69RSK" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[177,468,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60609A7DEBFE8CFF0D" box="[177,299,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. longissima</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061F77DEBFD3DFF0C" ID-CoL="69S4K" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[476,666,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lorzingii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061F77DEBFDE5FF0D" box="[476,578,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. lorzingii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6062877DEBFC61FF0C" ID-CoL="5XRSD" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[684,966,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malodora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6062877DEBFCBAFF0D" box="[684,797,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. malodora</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6063E57DEBFC7FFF0C" box="[974,984,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6063F37DEBFE8DFF6C" ID-CoL="8RDCK" authority="(Alston) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061187D8BFDF1FF6C" ID-CoL="5XS4D" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[307,598,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061187D8BFE05FF6C" box="[307,418,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. muricata</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60624B7D8BFCEAFF6C" ID-CoL="5Y3SD" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[608,845,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paucipaleata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60624B7D8BFD55FF6D" box="[608,754,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. paucipaleata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B60637C7D8BFB20FF6C" ID-CoL="5Y44D" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[855,1159,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrigida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B60637C7D8BFC6EFF6D" box="[855,969,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. perrigida</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6064BB7D8BFF6AFF4C" ID-CoL="69RSD" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pricei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6064BB7D8BFB46FF6C" box="[1168,1249,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. pricei</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6060FF7DABFE15FF4C" ID-CoL="69S4D" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[212,434,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoferox"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060FF7DABFEFDFF4D" box="[212,346,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. pseudoferox</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061917DABFD47FF4C" ID-CoL="5XRSF" authority="(Zeiller) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Zeiller" box="[442,736,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sakayensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061917DABFD91FF4D" box="[442,566,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. sakayensis</emphasis> +(Zeiller) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6062D97DABFC72FF4C" ID-CoL="5XS4F" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[754,981,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambasensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6062D97DABFCDAFF4D" box="[754,893,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. sambasensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6063F77DABFF6AFEAC" ID-CoL="5Y3SF" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="supraspinigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6063F77DABFBDCFF4C" box="[988,1147,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C.supraspinigera</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6060FE7C4BFE37FEAC" ID-CoL="5Y44F" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[213,400,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenerior"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6060FE7C4BFE9FFEAC" box="[213,312,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. tenerior</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC29B6061B37C4BFD9DFEAC" ID-CoL="69RSF" authority="Holttum" box="[408,570,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC29B6061B37C4BFE43FEAC" box="[408,484,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="33">C. urens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B61604A7B1BFE44F93A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B61604A7B1BFE44F93A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3d3bf7ae819 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B61604A7B1BFE44F93A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +<document id="F7A86E63B588A89481E20CF31912FB47" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC39B61604A7B1BFE44F93A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Chingia marattioides S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName=", Tryon & Lugardon" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[106,654,1617,1639]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160417B1BFEEBF9DC" bold="true" box="[106,332,1618,1639]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia marattioides</emphasis> +(Alston) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. 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Bot. +</taxonomicName> +78:227. 1940 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61608A7B39FE44F93A" ID-CoL="8RDCK" authority="(Alston) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[161,483,1648,1665]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61608A7B39FEFBF93A" box="[161,348,1648,1665]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron marattioides</emphasis> +(Alston) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B61604A7BC1FEA1F90C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B61604A7BC1FEA1F90C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8b6a0e0a948 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC39B61604A7BC1FEA1F90C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="47745017886AC4DDC30E365E716075A0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC39B61604A7BC1FEA1F90C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Chingia lindleyi S. 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N. Takeuchi) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="W. N. Takeuchi" box="[97,658,1671,1693]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lindleyi" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7BC1FEA0F926" bold="true" box="[97,263,1672,1693]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia lindleyi</emphasis> +(W.N. Takeuchi) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. 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H. Shing & C. M. Zhang) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing & C. M. Zhang" box="[121,837,1650,1671]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shimenensis" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6660527B3BFEC6F93C" bold="true" box="[121,353,1650,1671]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Christella shimenensis</emphasis> +(K.H. Shing & C.M. Zhang) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663607B38FC11F93D" bold="true" box="[843,950,1649,1670]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC49B6663607B38FC11F93D" box="[843,950,1649,1670]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC49B66639D7B3BFD91F91A" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC49B66639D7B3BFD91F91A" blockId="45.[121,1251,1452,1777]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6663E47B3CFE42F91B" authority="K. H. Shing & C. M. Zhang, Keys Vasc. Pl. 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Wuling Mts." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wulingshanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6663AC7B8CFBF5F96D" box="[903,1106,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Cyclosorus wulingshanensis</emphasis> +C.M. Zhang, Keys Vasc. Pl.Wuling Mts. +</taxonomicName> +567.1995. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC49B6660527BE1FBDFF907.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC49B6660527BE1FBDFF907.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bb745df3d6d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC49B6660527BE1FBDFF907.xml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +<document id="DB8CCC55C8A70371A8283DFE97FD334A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC49B6660527BE1FBDFF907" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Christella subacuta A. R. Sm. & S. E. 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Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662447BEEFD7DF907" bold="true" box="[623,730,1703,1724]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC49B6662447BEEFD7DF907" box="[623,730,1703,1724]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC49B6662F17BEEFBDFF907" box="[730,1144,1703,1724]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC49B6662F17BEEFBDFF907" blockId="45.[121,1251,1452,1777]" box="[730,1144,1703,1724]" pageId="45" pageNumber="35"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC49B6662D87BE3FC78F907" authority="Ching, Fl." authorityName="Ching, Fl." box="[755,991,1706,1724]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="45" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subacutus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC49B6662D87BE3FC29F900" box="[755,910,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Cyclosorus subacutus</emphasis> +Ching,Fl. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC49B6663CB7BE2FBB3F907" box="[992,1044,1707,1724]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="45" pageNumber="35">Fujian</collectingRegion> +.1:598.1982. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC69B7B621E7C76FD49FAAC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC69B7B621E7C76FD49FAAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a82d0abc1c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC69B7B621E7C76FD49FAAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,507 @@ +<document id="99FA6B66972A3C96B6A63C88E288594A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" 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id="052D1680FEDC26F16254AA8441715A99">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC69B7B621E7C76FD49FAAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC69B7B621E7C76FD49FAAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC69B7B621E7C76FD49FAAC" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B64621E7C76FC83FEE2" box="[565,804,319,345]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B64621E7C76FC83FEE2" blockId="47.[121,1145,319,381]" box="[565,804,319,345]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFC69B64621E7C76FC83FEE2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[565,804,319,345]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64621E7C76FC83FEE2" ID-CoL="62NZ2" box="[565,804,319,345]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64621E7C76FC83FEE2" bold="true" box="[565,804,319,345]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">CORYPHOPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B6460527C21FD8EFEC6" box="[121,553,360,381]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6460527C21FD8EFEC6" blockId="47.[121,1145,319,381]" box="[121,553,360,381]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFC69B6460527C21FD81FEC6" author="Coryphopteris Holttum" box="[121,550,360,381]" journal="Blumea" page="33" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6460527C21FE12FEC6" ID-CoL="62NZ2" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[121,437,360,381]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460527C21FEAAFEC6" bold="true" box="[121,269,360,381]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +Holttum, Blumea +</taxonomicName> +19:33. 1971 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B6462037C21FBDEFEC7" box="[552,1145,360,381]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6462037C21FBDEFEC7" blockId="47.[121,1145,319,381]" box="[552,1145,360,381]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC69B6462697C22FDC6FEC0" box="[578,609,363,379]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC69B6462697C22FDC6FEC0" box="[578,609,363,379]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6462417C23FC2EFEC7" ID-CoL="YSQ6" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[618,905,362,380]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6462417C23FCAEFEC0" box="[618,777,362,379]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Coryphopteris viscosa</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64638B7C23FBD6FEC7" ID-CoL="46ZY8" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[928,1137,362,380]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64638B7C23FB98FEC0" box="[928,1087,362,379]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Nephrodium viscosum</emphasis> +Baker +</taxonomicName> +]. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B6460B27CD9FD7CFE07" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6460B27CD9FE31FE1A" blockId="47.[153,731,400,444]" box="[153,406,400,417]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460B27CD9FEAEFE1B" box="[153,265,400,416]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Wagneriopteris</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC69B6461267CD9FEBCFE1A" box="[269,283,400,417]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +.LÖve & D. LÖve +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6460B27CE2FD7CFE07" blockId="47.[153,731,400,444]" box="[153,731,427,444]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6461527CE2FE56FE07" author="Holttum" box="[377,497,427,444]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1976a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6461D37CE2FD8FFE07" author="Holttum" box="[504,552,427,444]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6462057CE2FDF2FE07" author="Holttum" box="[558,597,427,444]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B64624B7CE2FD70FE07" author="Lin" box="[608,727,427,444]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al.(2013)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B6460527C98FD91FDBC" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6460527C98FD91FDBC" blockId="47.[121,1250,465,1799]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460527C98FF5FFE5D" box="[121,248,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6461307C98FEC0FE5D" box="[283,359,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">korupho</emphasis> +, latinized +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6461E77C98FDB6FE5D" box="[460,529,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Coryph</emphasis> +, summit, crest + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64629E7C9BFD4EFE5C" box="[693,745,466,487]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">pteris</emphasis> +, fern, in reference to the propensity of species of this genus to grow on ridgetops in the Paleotropics. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B6460817F5BFC95FB7C" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6460817F5BFC95FB7C" blockId="47.[121,1250,465,1799]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +Plants terrestrial (rarely epiphytic), of temperate forest understories, or tropical montane habitats, small to medium-sized ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC69B6461397F7BFEE8FDFC" box="[274,335,562,583]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity> +to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC69B64615B7F7BFE30FDFC" box="[368,407,562,583]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity> +tall); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6461FA7F7BFD97FDFC" bold="true" box="[465,560,562,583]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">rhizomes</emphasis> +erect and trunk-like (rarely creeping, e.g., in the temperate species +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6464E77F7BFF60FDDD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6464E77F7BFF60FDDD" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">C. simulata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460F07F1BFEB9FDDC" bold="true" box="[219,286,594,615]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic to weakly dimorphic (fertile fronds slightly taller and with slightly narrower pinnae), pinnate-pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatisect, rarely fully bipinnate (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6463267F3BFC3CFD3D" box="[781,923,625,647]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habbemensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6463267F3BFC3CFD3D" box="[781,923,625,647]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">C. habbemensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6463857F3BFC4EFD3C" bold="true" box="[942,1001,626,647]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, castaneous, or dull brown; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64612D7FDBFEDFFD1D" bold="true" box="[262,376,657,679]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">stipe scales</emphasis> +linear-lanceolate to ovate, thin to stiff, usually glabrous, these often transitioning to filiform scales, or uniseriate hairs on abaxial laminar axes ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC69B6462407FFBFD08FD7C" box="[619,687,690,711]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6462407FFBFD08FD7C" bold="true" box="[619,687,690,711]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2L</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6462E87FF8FCA2FD7D" bold="true" box="[707,773,689,710]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, drying green or blackish, apex gradually reduced, proximal pinnae typically largest, not or only slightly reduced, often deflexed, rarely with a few to many pairs of proximal pinnae gradually reduced (e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64630C7FBBFB8DFCBD" box="[807,1066,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64630C7FBBFC06FCBC" box="[807,929,754,775]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica">C. nipponica</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6463807FBBFB8DFCBD" box="[939,1066,753,775]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculata">C. fasciculata</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +); proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460E97E5BFF59FC9C" bold="true" box="[194,254,786,807]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">pinna</emphasis> +margins entire or slightly dentate, segments often parallel-sided and little tapered, with apices rounded, truncate, less often acute, often nearly perpendicular to costae (never strongly oblique), bases with one or more proximal pinna lobes sometimes free or sometimes with lobed acroscopic auricles; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64634F7E1BFC3EFCDC" bold="true" box="[868,921,850,871]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">veins</emphasis> +always free, mostly simple (rarely forking), reaching margins, costae grooved adaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6462A57E38FCA6FC3D" bold="true" box="[654,769,881,902]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">aerophores</emphasis> +absent or present as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6463F97E3BFBA9FC3C" box="[978,1038,882,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName> +swellings; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6464567E3BFF70FC1C" bold="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs, almost always also with glands, which may be stipitate or sessile, viscid or resinous, reddish, amber, or golden, never sulfur-colored (glands sometimes difficult to observe on dried specimens); scales often present abaxially along stipes and costae, transitioning to multicellular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64635A7E9BFB9CFC5C" bold="true" box="[881,1083,978,999]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of unicellular or septate hyaline acicular hairs restricted to axes, or also present on laminar tissue between veins, sessile or stipitate glands sometimes present; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6461547958FE71FB9D" bold="true" box="[383,470,1041,1062]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64620C795BFDE8FB9C" bold="true" box="[551,591,1042,1063]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">sori</emphasis> +usually round, sometimes slightly elongate on distal portion of segments, discrete, medial to costular, indusia typically present, these glabrous, or with acicular hairs or glands ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC69B6464A6797BFB75FBFC" box="[1165,1234,1074,1095]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6464A6797BFB75FBFC" bold="true" box="[1165,1234,1074,1095]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B646052791BFF79FBDC" bold="true" box="[121,222,1106,1127]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">sporangia</emphasis> +short-stalked, capsule lacking hairs or glands, stalk sometimes with gland; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64638D7918FC4FFBDD" bold="true" box="[934,1000,1105,1126]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">spores</emphasis> +typically pale, with perforate perine ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6460C7793BFE37FB3C" author="Patel" box="[236,400,1138,1159]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +), and often with fimbriate wings; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6462FF793BFD78FB3C" box="[724,735,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">x</emphasis> += 31, 32, 33 seven species counted, diploids, triploids and tetraploids known, although additional counts are needed to verify the base numbers. Infrageneric hybrids between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64605279F8FF47FB7C" box="[121,224,1201,1223]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64605279F8FF47FB7C" box="[121,224,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">C. japonica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64612679F8FE38FB7D" box="[269,415,1201,1222]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="musashiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64612679F8FE38FB7D" box="[269,415,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">C. musashiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are well documented ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B64625E79FBFC80FB7C" author="Nakato" box="[629,807,1202,1223]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nakato" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="89 - 105" part="55" refId="ref112390" refString="NAKATO, N., N. SAHASHI, & M. KATO. 2004. Cytotaxonomy of the Thelypteris japonica complex (Thelypteridaceae). Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 55: 89 - 105." title="Cytotaxonomy of the Thelypteris japonica complex (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2004">Nakato et al. 2004</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B6460827998FC2FFADC" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6460827998FC2FFADC" blockId="47.[121,1250,465,1799]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460827998FE0DFB5D" box="[169,426,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6461087998FE0DFB5D" box="[291,426,1233,1254]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coryphopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is most similar to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64624F7998FD5AFB5D" box="[612,765,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64624F7998FD7BFB5D" box="[612,732,1233,1254]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Amauropelta</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC69B6462C87998FD5AFB5D" box="[739,765,1233,1254]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, but it may be distinguished by its usually erect, trunk-like rhizomes, proximal pinnae largest or only slightly reduced, and by the presence of filiform scales or multicellular hairs along abaxial costae. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6461817858FD9DFA9D" box="[426,570,1297,1318]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6461817858FD9DFA9D" box="[426,570,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs from both genera in having adaxial costae lacking a groove, and veins ending before the margins. The presence of abundant septate hairs on the adaxial axes of the laminae, frequent in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6460527818FF5AFADD" box="[121,253,1361,1382]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460527818FF5AFADD" box="[121,253,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is an unusual feature within the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B646211781BFC23FADC" authority="(Holttum 1976 a)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[570,900,1362,1383]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family"> +Thelypteridaceae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6462C1781BFCD9FADC" author="Holttum" box="[746,894,1362,1383]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1976a</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B6460827838FBA5F93C" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B6460827838FBA5F93C" blockId="47.[121,1250,465,1799]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460827838FDE3FA3D" box="[169,580,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6461967838FDE3FA3D" box="[445,580,1393,1414]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coryphopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is widely distributed on mainland Asia from northeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC69B6464B9783BFB61FA3C" box="[1170,1222,1394,1415]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">India</collectingCountry> +to southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC69B6460FF78DBFEB1FA1C" box="[212,278,1426,1447]" name="Russia" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Russia</collectingCountry> +. It is most diverse in the mountainous areas of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC69B6462FC78DBFC84FA1C" box="[727,803,1426,1447]" name="Malaysia" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, and Polynesia, usually above +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC69B64649B78DBFF28FA7C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity> +. There is also a single species endemic to North America, and this has a primary distribution to the east from southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC69B646052789BFF64FA5C" box="[121,195,1490,1511]" name="Canada" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Canada</collectingCountry> +to Virginia, and disjunct populations in the Great Lakes region ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B646318789BFC08FA5C" author="Smith" box="[819,943,1490,1511]" editor="New York, U. S. A. & Oxford, UK" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="206 - 222" part="2" refId="ref114450" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1993 a. Thelypteridaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol 2. Oxford University Press, New York, U. S. A. and Oxford, UK. Pp. 206 - 222." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">Smith 1993a</bibRefCitation> +). The genus includes 68 species and reaches its greatest diversity in the mountains of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC69B64624778B8FC83F9BC" box="[620,804,1521,1543]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry> +. Throughout their range, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64643F78B8FB46F9BC" box="[1044,1249,1521,1543]" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64643F78B8FB3FF9BD" box="[1044,1176,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +often occur in acidic or low-nutrient soils. In temperate North America, habitats include forest understories, often in mixed hardwood-conifer swamps, or wetland margins, frequently in association with +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6463FE7B78FB9FF9FD" box="[981,1080,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Sphagnum</emphasis> +. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B64646D7B7BFB46F9FC" author="Holttum" box="[1094,1249,1586,1607]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +described tropical species as distributed exclusively on high elevation ridgetops, where the soils were leached, nutrient poor, and highly acidic, a habitat not normally shared with other members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64637D7B3BFC59F93C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[854,1022,1650,1671]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC69B7B60827BDBFD49FAAC" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC69B7B60827BDBFBB9FEEC" blockId="47.[121,1250,465,1799]" lastBlockId="48.[97,1227,161,1303]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="47" pageNumber="37"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6460827BDBFE58F91D" box="[169,511,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—The genus was first described by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6463707BDBFC54F91C" author="Holttum" box="[859,1011,1682,1703]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +and monographed soon after ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6460847BFBFEE4F97C" author="Holttum" box="[175,323,1714,1735]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1976a</bibRefCitation> +). Holttum’s work dealt largely with the Malesian and Pacific species, and he described 50 of the 68 currently recognized species as new to science. Only three additional species belonging to this genus ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B64645F7B9BFB7AF95C" author="Kato" box="[1140,1245,1746,1767]" firstAuthor="Kato" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="13 - 27" part="33" refId="ref110592" refString="KATO, M. 2007. Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B, 33: 13 - 27." title="Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2007">Kato 2007</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6460527BB8FE8FF8BC" author="Lorence" box="[121,296,1777,1799]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lorence" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="5 - 51" part="4" refId="ref111441" refString="LORENCE, D. H., W. L. WAGNER, K. R. WOOD, & A. R. SMITH. 2011. New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. PhytoKeys 4: 5 - 51." title="New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" type="journal article" year="2011">Lorence et al.2011</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6461057BBBFE7AF8BC" author="Ebihara" box="[302,477,1777,1799]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ebihara" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="229 - 242" part="477" refId="ref108156" refString="EBIHARA, A., N. NAKATO, T. OHI- TOMA, & K. IWATSUKI. 2020. Thelypteris sylva-nipponica, a new allotetraploid species in the Parathelypteris group (Thelypteridaceae). Phytotaxa 477: 229 - 242." title="Thelypteris sylva-nipponica, a new allotetraploid species in the Parathelypteris group (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Ebihara et al. 2020</bibRefCitation> +) have been described since +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC69B6462F67BBBFCD5F8BC" author="Holttum" box="[733,882,1778,1799]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +.Most Chinese species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6464777BB8FB47F8BD" box="[1116,1248,1777,1798]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6464777BB8FB47F8BD" box="[1116,1248,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +recognized here were treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B618A7DEBFD84FF0C" author="Ching" box="[417,547,162,183]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B626F7DE8FD70FF0D" box="[580,727,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B626F7DE8FD74FF0D" box="[580,723,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parathelypteris</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B62F77DEBFC2DFF0C" author="Holttum's" box="[732,906,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum's" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum’s (1976a)</bibRefCitation> +concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63D77DE8FB25FF0D" box="[1020,1154,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63D77DE8FB25FF0D" box="[1020,1154,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +largely followed that of Ching for Chinese species in the group, recognizing only two species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63EE7D88FBEDFF6D" box="[965,1098,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63EE7D88FBEDFF6D" box="[965,1098,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in mainland Asia: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B60BE7DABFEA0FF4D" box="[149,263,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B60BE7DABFEA0FF4D" box="[149,263,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">C. hirsutipes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B611E7DABFE39FF4D" box="[309,414,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B611E7DABFE3DFF4D" box="[309,410,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petelotii">C. petelotii</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +Despite rhizome differences—typically erect caudices in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63947DA8FBE4FF4D" box="[959,1091,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63947DA8FBE4FF4D" box="[959,1091,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, creeping rhizomes in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B60917C48FEE2FEAD" box="[186,325,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B60917C48FEE2FEAD" box="[186,325,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B61777C48FD3FFEAD" box="[348,664,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parathelypteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61777C48FE74FEAD" box="[348,467,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62267C48FD3FFEAD" box="[525,664,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in our treatment)—Holttum noted the striking similarities (notably spores and sporangia) between some species of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62A17C68FC90FE8D" box="[650,823,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62A17C68FCB1FE8D" box="[650,790,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Parathelypteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD99B7B63377C68FC90FE8D" box="[796,823,289,310]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B634C7C68FC4CFE8D" box="[871,1003,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B634C7C68FC4CFE8D" box="[871,1003,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and expressed uncertainty about the taxonomic boundaries between the two genera in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD99B7B62FD7C0BFCB5FEEC" box="[726,786,322,343]" name="China" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD99B7B63147C0BFCD2FEEC" box="[831,885,322,343]" name="Japan" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B63AB7C0BFBB3FEEC" author="Holttum" box="[896,1044,322,343]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1976a</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD99B7B60B97C2BFC50FE6C" blockId="48.[97,1227,161,1303]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B60B97C2BFE91FECC" author="Holttum" box="[146,310,354,375]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1976a)</bibRefCitation> +considered +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B619B7C28FD1EFECD" box="[432,697,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulariloba"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B619B7C28FD1EFECD" box="[432,697,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris angulariloba</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62D97C2BFC28FECD" box="[754,911,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indochinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62D97C2BFC28FECD" box="[754,911,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">C. indochinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to be among seven heterotypic synonyms of a broadly variable +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B61BD7CCBFDAEFE2D" box="[406,521,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61BD7CCBFDAEFE2D" box="[406,521,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">C. hirsutipes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but he did not have access to +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD99B7B631D7CCBFCC6FE2C" box="[822,865,386,407]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus> +material for all of his synonyms. We follow +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B608F7CEBFEE7FE0C" author="Lin" box="[164,320,418,439]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B61597CEBFD94FE0C" author="He & Zhang" box="[370,563,418,439]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang (2012)</bibRefCitation> +in recognizing these taxa as distinct. Pending further study, which may refine species delimitation, all necessary combinations in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62997C88FC91FE6D" box="[690,822,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62997C88FC91FE6D" box="[690,822,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are provided below. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD99B7B60A47CABFD1BFC8C" blockId="48.[97,1227,161,1303]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +Critical insights into the relationships among temperate and subtropical Asian +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63537CA8FBA4FE4D" box="[888,1027,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63537CA8FBA4FE4D" box="[888,1027,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD99B7B642C7CA8FB86FE4C" box="[1031,1057,481,503]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B642C7CA8FBBCFE4D" box="[1031,1051,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +were provided by molecular phylogenetic studies ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B61B37F4BFDF7FDAC" author="Ebihara" box="[408,592,514,535]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ebihara" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="63 - 74" part="37" refId="ref108117" refString="EBIHARA, A. 2011. RbcL phylogeny of Japanese pteridophyte flora and implications on infrafamilial systematics. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 37: 63 - 74." title="RbcL phylogeny of Japanese pteridophyte flora and implications on infrafamilial systematics" type="journal article" year="2011">Ebihara et al. 2011</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B62727F4BFCADFDAC" author="He & Zhang" box="[601,778,514,535]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +); these resolved +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63817F48FB92FDAD" box="[938,1077,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63817F48FB92FDAD" box="[938,1077,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in two distinct clades—one, including the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD99B7B614E7F6BFE35FD8C" box="[357,402,546,567]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus> +, resolving with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62037F68FD38FD8D" box="[552,671,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62037F68FD38FD8D" box="[552,671,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD99B7B62897F6BFD19FD8C" box="[674,702,546,567]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62897F6BFD10FD8C" box="[674,695,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +(subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B632B7F68FCD2FD8D" box="[768,885,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B632B7F68FCD2FD8D" box="[768,885,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and the other, with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B64147F68FB64FD8D" box="[1087,1219,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B64147F68FB64FD8D" box="[1087,1219,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is sister to a clade that includes +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B61FE7F08FDEBFDED" box="[469,588,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61FE7F08FDEBFDED" box="[469,588,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD99B7B627A7F0BFDCBFDEC" box="[593,620,578,599]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B627A7F0BFDC0FDEC" box="[593,615,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62537F08FCA5FDED" box="[632,770,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62537F08FCA5FDED" box="[632,770,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63137F08FC60FDED" box="[824,967,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63137F08FC60FDED" box="[824,967,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The sole North American species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B609B7F28FE2DFDCD" box="[176,394,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B609B7F28FE2DFDCD" box="[176,394,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris simulata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD99B7B61BE7F2BFE67FDCC" box="[405,448,610,631]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus> +of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61F57F2BFDCDFDCC" box="[478,618,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Wagneriopteris</emphasis> +), was shown to be closely related to a Japanese accession of the East Asian species +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B61397FC8FD21FD2C" authority="(Fawcett 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Fawcett" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[274,646,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61397FC8FE54FD2C" box="[274,499,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris nipponica</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B61D57FCBFD27FD2C" author="Fawcett" box="[510,640,642,663]" firstAuthor="Fawcett" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="107 - 111" part="108" refId="ref108238" refString="FAWCETT, S. 2018. Coryphopteris simulata (Thelypteridaceae), a new combination for the Massachusetts Fern. Amer. Fern J. 108: 107 - 111." title="Coryphopteris simulata (Thelypteridaceae), a new combination for the Massachusetts Fern" type="journal article" year="2018">Fawcett 2018</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, both of which had been treated previously in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B64137FC8FB64FD2D" box="[1080,1219,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B64137FC8FB64FD2D" box="[1080,1219,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Based on their molecular evidence, He and Zhang (2012) published new combinations in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B638C7FE8FB8CFD0D" box="[935,1067,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B638C7FE8FB8CFD0D" box="[935,1067,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B60507F88FEAEFD6D" box="[123,265,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B60507F88FEAEFD6D" box="[123,265,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. We provide new combinations for an additional 11 species below, based on additional sampling (Fawcett et al. in press) and morphological study. In the present classification, the species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63D97FA8FBD8FD4D" box="[1010,1151,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63D97FA8FBD8FD4D" box="[1010,1151,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(which has been shown to be polyphyletic) are treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B626D7E48FD6DFCAD" box="[582,714,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B626D7E48FD6DFCAD" box="[582,714,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62C17E48FCC9FCAD" box="[746,878,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62C17E48FCC9FCAD" box="[746,878,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or in three of the four subgenera of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B604A7E68FF68FC8D" box="[97,207,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Amauopelta</emphasis> +: subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B613A7E68FE3CFC8D" box="[273,411,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B613A7E68FE3CFC8D" box="[273,411,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61F67E68FDB2FC8D" box="[477,533,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Nibaa</emphasis> +, and subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62AB7E6BFD10FC8C" box="[640,695,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Venus</emphasis> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD99B7B60BB7E0BFD28FC0C" blockId="48.[97,1227,161,1303]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +Based on certain morphological similarities to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62647E08FD3DFCED" box="[591,666,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Cyathea</emphasis> +(e.g., erect caudices, septate acicular hairs on adaxial axes, short-stalked sporangia), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B61727E2BFE4DFCCC" author="Holttum" box="[345,490,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B61DE7E2BFD88FCCC" author="Holttum" box="[501,559,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">1976a</bibRefCitation> +) hypothesized that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62D87E28FCDEFCCD" box="[755,889,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62D87E28FCDEFCCD" box="[755,889,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was “primitive” in the family and derived from a tree-fern lineage. All large-scale molecular studies of fern relationships (e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B63C07ECBFB64FC2C" author="Testo & Sundue" box="[1003,1219,898,919]" firstAuthor="Testo" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="200 - 211" part="105" refId="ref115157" refString="TESTO, W. & M. SUNDUE. 2016. A 4000 - species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 105: 200 - 211." title="A 4000 - species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">Testo & Sundue 2016</bibRefCitation> +) suggest that these groups are in fact quite distantly related. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD99B7B60BA7E8BFD49FAAC" blockId="48.[97,1227,161,1303]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B60BA7E8BFF6CFC6C" box="[145,203,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Notes.</emphasis> +—The name +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B616F7E88FD8AFC6C" box="[324,557,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B616F7E88FD8AFC6C" box="[324,557,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris nipponica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has been broadly applied to plants from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD99B7B639B7E8BFC4FFC6C" box="[944,1000,962,983]" name="Japan" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD99B7B63DA7E8BFB8BFC6C" box="[1009,1068,962,983]" name="South Korea" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Korea</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD99B7B64767E8BFB3BFC6C" box="[1117,1180,962,983]" name="China" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry> +. The +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD99B7B604A7EABFF2BFC4C" box="[97,140,994,1015]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus> +is from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD99B7B60FD7EABFEA9FC4C" box="[214,270,994,1015]" name="Japan" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry> +, and has been resolved in the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62087EA8FD00FC4D" box="[547,679,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62087EA8FD00FC4D" box="[547,679,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +clade ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B62C37EABFC3EFC4C" author="Ebihara" box="[744,921,994,1015]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ebihara" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="63 - 74" part="37" refId="ref108117" refString="EBIHARA, A. 2011. RbcL phylogeny of Japanese pteridophyte flora and implications on infrafamilial systematics. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 37: 63 - 74." title="RbcL phylogeny of Japanese pteridophyte flora and implications on infrafamilial systematics" type="journal article" year="2011">Ebihara et al. 2011</bibRefCitation> +), while plants from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD99B7B64797EABFB29FC4C" box="[1106,1166,994,1015]" name="China" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry> +determined as such have been resolved near to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61C07948FD30FBAC" box="[491,663,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B61C07948FDD1FBAD" box="[491,630,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Parathelypteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD99B7B6251794BFD30FBAC" box="[634,663,1026,1047]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B628A794BFCF7FBAC" author="He & Zhang" box="[673,848,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +).Although they are strikingly similar— both have creeping rhizomes, sessile yellow glands on abaxial laminae, and several pairs of reduced proximal pinnae—typical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B612A7908FE45FBEC" baseAuthorityName="Fawcett" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[257,482,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B612A7908FE45FBEC" box="[257,482,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris nipponica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +usually has three or fewer pairs of reduced proximal pinnae, while the Chinese plants, historically recognized as this, tend to have more than three pairs of gradually reduced proximal pinnae, and are most closely allied to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B610479C8FDA5FB2D" box="[303,514,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B610479C8FDA5FB2D" box="[303,514,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Amauropelta beddomei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press). This complex group of plants is in need of critical study and taxonomic revision ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B61AC79EBFDFEFB0C" author="Ebihara & Nitta" box="[391,601,1186,1207]" firstAuthor="Ebihara" journalOrPublisher="J. Pl. Res." pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="723 - 738" part="132" refId="ref108199" refString="EBIHARA, A. & J. H. NITTA 2019. An update and reassessment of fern and lycophyte diversity data in the Japanese archipelago. J. Pl. Res. 132: 723 - 738." title="An update and reassessment of fern and lycophyte diversity data in the Japanese archipelago" type="journal article" year="2019">Ebihara & Nitta 2019</bibRefCitation> +). In tropical regions, as +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B631279EBFC7FFB0C" author="Holttum" box="[825,984,1186,1207]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1976a)</bibRefCitation> +noted, many of the localities that support +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B61247988FE32FB6D" box="[271,405,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B61247988FE32FB6D" box="[271,405,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are difficult to access and have likely never been visited by botanical collectors. He further stated that anyone wishing “to make a general study of them would need to be very energetic and also have considerable resources for travel at his disposal” ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD99B7B621F784BFD44FAAC" author="Holttum" box="[564,739,1282,1303]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" page="21" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" pagination="18 - 47" part="23" refId="ref109769" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris. Blumea 23: 18 - 47." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae X. The genus Coryphopteris" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1976a:21</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC79B64604A7DEBFB7AFEAC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC79B64604A7DEBFB7AFEAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..61a06913a06 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC79B64604A7DEBFB7AFEAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,804 @@ +<document id="114B377D54B1F22603D2F5E2D6C8B8D3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC79B64604A7DEBFB7AFEAC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Christella acuminata Lev., incertae sedis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="7C5E11F58A6318900776E2F57AB21163" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="2F4B8A7D4FE997BC38A16DA43684D128"> +<mods:title id="3B8DD5DE839CDB244F599CF507B7F60F">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="E7380C154D23B4361E4273DA8B2E3E47" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8A383BECACEE9E86E025D11574F10A3D"> +<mods:roleTerm id="CAB59A3A1731380771B4F464ECB45944">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6B4AB5728000587CD4604141BBD594BA">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="B41D4F529E47AE785160E4AD5DBCCCBC" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="DE191FD353CE6BB2966078B66FE6A0AE"> +<mods:roleTerm id="CDCA4DA91877557F2F599DC0B2EF4D13">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="D99FDA01FF6881ABD39BC6C1CA673F9F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="4D8F963C6CE62313160222EE2D522168">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="DC687BD8DBE90CAF2ADEA49345907E9C"> +<mods:dateIssued id="354C67D722D1FCEFA015A20C909A123C">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="82154C3E7EBA56A4166B7323B047439F">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="A9ADE3894D4BA7C74514BA40BE8992D3"> +<mods:placeTerm id="CF92D328C51541E2D2F2BE2CE35C8822">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="B00BF36B2CC532F3DB175666204C3A40">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC79B64604A7DEBFB7AFEAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC79B64604A7DEBFB7AFEAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC79B64604A7DEBFB7AFEAC" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC79B65604A7DEBFC71FCCC" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC79B65604A7DEBFC71FCCC" blockId="46.[97,1227,161,1815]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A7DEBFE41FF0C" box="[97,486,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Constituent species and infrageneric taxa</emphasis> +(generally following +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B6562907DEBFCEFFF0C" author="Holttum" box="[699,840,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B6563797DEBFC72FF0C" author="Li" box="[850,981,162,183]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +).—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564297DE8FF44FF6C" ID-CoL="5YH2H" authority="(Houtt.) 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Lév. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560C77D8BFE6BFF6C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[236,460,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenopelta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560C77D8BFEC8FF6D" box="[236,367,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. adenopelta</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561FC7D8BFE4AFF6C" box="[471,493,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">**</emphasis> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6561C67D8BFE5AFF6C" box="[493,509,194,215]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562207D88FD5DFF6C" authority="(D. Don) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="D. 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Brownsey & Jermy" authorityName="Brownsey & Jermy" baseAuthorityName="Forssk." box="[856,1225,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563737C0BFC11FEED" box="[856,950,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. dentata</emphasis> +(Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC79B6560427C2BFF0FFECC" box="[105,168,354,375]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560427C2BFF0FFECC" bold="true" box="[105,168,354,375]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2J</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560ED7C2BFE78FECC" authority="(Tagawa) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa" box="[198,479,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ensifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560ED7C2BFE8FFECD" box="[198,296,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. ensifera</emphasis> +(Tagawa) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561C27C2BFCA0FECC" authority="(Ching) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[489,775,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euphlebia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561C27C2BFDFCFECD" box="[489,603,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. euphlebia</emphasis> +(Ching) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563307C2BFB0CFECC" authority="(C. B. Clarke & Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke & Baker" box="[795,1195,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evoluta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563307C2BFCDFFECD" box="[795,888,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. evoluta</emphasis> +(C.B. Clarke & Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65649F7C2BFEDCFE2C" authority="(Ching) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fukienensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65649F7C2BFF6DFE2D" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. fukienensis</emphasis> +(Ching) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561BB7CCBFD49FE2C" authority="(W. H. Wagner) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="W. H. Wagner" box="[400,750,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gretheri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561BB7CCBFE50FE2D" box="[400,503,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. gretheri</emphasis> +(W.H. Wagner) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563287CCBFC79FE2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[771,990,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guamensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563287CCBFC25FE2C" box="[771,898,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. guamensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563DF7CCBFBD9FE2C" box="[1012,1150,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6563DF7CCBFBA1FE2C" box="[1012,1030,386,407]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. gueintziana +</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum [several authors, e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B6561AD7CEBFDB2FE0C" author="Schelpe" box="[390,533,418,439]" firstAuthor="Schelpe" journalOrPublisher="J. S. Afr. Bot." pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="177 - 200" part="30" refId="ref113838" refString="SCHELPE, E. 1964. Pteridophyta collected on an expedition to northern Mozambique. J. S. Afr. Bot. 30: 177 - 200." title="Pteridophyta collected on an expedition to northern Mozambique" type="journal article" year="1964">Schelpe (1964)</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B6562357CEBFD19FE0C" author="Holttum" box="[542,702,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +, and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B6562DB7CEBFCC4FE0C" author="Roux" box="[752,867,418,439]" firstAuthor="Roux" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" refId="ref113664" refString="ROUX, J. P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa." title="Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23" type="book" year="2009">Roux (2009</bibRefCitation> +, 2013), have used the altered spelling “ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560417C8BFF72FE6C" box="[106,213,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gueinziana">gueinziana</taxonomicName> +”, but this is impermissible]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561CA7C8BFD42FE6C" authority="(Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[481,741,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gustavii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561CA7C8BFDE3FE6C" box="[481,580,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. gustavii</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[placement in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65635A7C88FC6CFE6D" box="[881,971,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65635A7C88FC6CFE6D" box="[881,971,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +disputed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B65646F7C8BFB67FE6C" author="Li" box="[1092,1216,450,471]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +]; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560407CABFECAFE4C" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[107,365,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harveyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560407CABFF6BFE4D" box="[107,204,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. harveyi</emphasis> +(Mett.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65615D7CABFD1EFE4C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[374,697,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="harveyi" variety="connivens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65615D7CABFE70FE4D" box="[374,471,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. harveyi</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65622E7CABFDF8FE4C" box="[517,607,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">connivens</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562E77CABFC4AFE4C" authority="(Decne.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Decne." box="[716,1005,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562E77CABFC9BFE4D" box="[716,828,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hispidula</emphasis> +(Decne.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563DD7CABFF14FDAC" authority="(Ching) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hokouensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563DD7CABFBD1FE4D" box="[1014,1142,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hokouensis</emphasis> +(Ching) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[placement in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561687F48FE3AFDAD" box="[323,413,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561687F48FE3AFDAD" box="[323,413,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +disputed by Li et al.]; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562557F4BFC36FDAC" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[638,913,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaculosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562557F4BFD43FDAD" box="[638,740,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. jaculosa</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563B17F4BFEDFFD8C" authority="(Ching ex K. H. Shing) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jinghongensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563B17F4BFB97FDAD" box="[922,1072,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. jinghongensis</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561547F6BFCBFFD8C" authority="S. K. Behera & S. K. Barik." authorityName="S. K. Behera & S. K. Barik." box="[383,792,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kendujharensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561547F6BFD84FD8D" box="[383,547,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. kendujharensis</emphasis> +S.K. Behera & S.K. Barik. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563347F6BFC50FD8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[799,1015,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kumaunica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563347F6BFC39FD8D" box="[799,926,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. kumaunica</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564227F6BFF00FDEC" authority="(Benth.) H. Lev." authorityName="H. Lev." baseAuthorityName="Benth." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564227F6BFBD2FD8D" box="[1033,1141,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. latipinna</emphasis> +(Benth.) H. Lév. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560847F0BFE16FDEC" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[175,433,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lebeufii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560847F0BFEABFDED" box="[175,268,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. lebeufii</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561917F0BFD7AFDEC" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[442,733,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microbasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561917F0BFD90FDED" box="[442,567,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. microbasis</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562CD7F0BFC38FDEC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[742,927,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562CD7F0BFCE1FDEC" box="[742,838,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. minima</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563837F0BFBCFFDEC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[936,1128,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="modesta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563837F0BFBA9FDED" box="[936,1038,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. modesta</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65645A7F0BFF79FDCC" authority="M. Kato" authorityName="M. Kato" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moluccana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65645A7F0BFF2AFDCC" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. moluccana</emphasis> +M. Kato +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560CD7F2BFEF0FDCD" box="[230,343,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6560CD7F2BFF5FFDCC" box="[230,248,610,631]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. mutifrons +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6561487F2BFED2FDCC" box="[355,373,610,631]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Chr.) Holttum; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562247F2BFCE7FDCC" authority="(Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[527,832,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namburensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562247F2BFD3AFDCD" box="[527,669,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. namburensis</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563637F2BFC4FFDCC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[840,1000,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563637F2BFC37FDCC" box="[840,912,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. nana</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65642E7F2BFE6BFD2C" authority="(Ching ex K. H. Shing) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nanxiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65642E7F2BFB26FDCC" box="[1029,1153,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. nanxiensis</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561FF7FCBFD29FD2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[468,654,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacifica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561FF7FCBFD91FD2D" box="[468,566,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. pacifica</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562897FCBFC39FD2C" authority="(Hope) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hope" box="[674,926,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papilio"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562897FCBFD5CFD2D" box="[674,763,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. papilio</emphasis> +(Hope) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65638C7FCBFB61FD2C" authority="(Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[935,1222,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papyracea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65638C7FCBFB87FD2C" box="[935,1056,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. papyracea</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560407FE8FF78FD0C" box="[107,223,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560407FE8FF78FD0C" box="[107,223,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Lév.; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561177FE8FDF7FD0C" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[316,592,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peekelii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561177FE8FE3DFD0D" box="[316,410,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. peekelii</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562737FE8FC3FFD0C" authority="(Alston) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[600,920,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perpubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562737FE8FD4BFD0D" box="[600,748,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. perpubescens</emphasis> +(Alston) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65638B7FE8FB61FD0C" authority="(D. Don) Mazumdar" authorityName="Mazumdar" baseAuthorityName="D. Don" box="[928,1222,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65638B7FE8FC59FD0C" box="[928,1022,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. procera</emphasis> +(D. Don) Mazumdar +</taxonomicName> +, with heterotypic synonym +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65614C7F88FD19FD6C" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[359,702,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65614C7F88FDA3FD6D" box="[359,516,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. appendiculata</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +(= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562F57F88FBF9FD6C" authority="Fraser-Jenk." authorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[734,1118,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562F57F88FC78FD6D" box="[734,991,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Thelypteris appendiculoides</emphasis> +Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564477F88FEA1FD4C" authority="(Willd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Willd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolixa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564477F88FB6EFD6D" box="[1132,1225,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. prolixa</emphasis> +(Willd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561257FA8FE73FD4D" box="[270,468,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6561257FA8FE87FD4D" box="[270,288,737,758]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. pseudogueintziana +</emphasis> +(Bonap.) Alston; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65625C7FA8FC2AFD4C" authority="(Hosok.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hosok." box="[631,909,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65625C7FA8FD7AFD4D" box="[631,733,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. rupicola</emphasis> +(Hosok.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563817FA8FBB6FD4D" box="[938,1041,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6563817FA8FC1BFD4D" box="[938,956,737,758]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. scaberul +</emphasis> +a (Ching) Holttum; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65604A7E48FE02FCAC" authority="(Roxb.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[97,421,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semisagittata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A7E48FF5FFCAC" box="[97,248,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. semisagittata</emphasis> +(Roxb.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561847E48FB99FCAC" authority="(K. H. Shing & C. M. Zhang) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing & C. M. Zhang" box="[431,1086,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shimenensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561847E48FD9CFCAD" box="[431,571,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. shimenensis</emphasis> +(K.H. Shing & C.M. Zhang) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564797E48FE25FC8C" authority="(Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa & K. Iwats." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siamensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564797E48FB6FFCAC" box="[1106,1224,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. siamensis</emphasis> +(Tagawa & K. Iwats.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561A17E68FD02FC8C" authority="(Fraser-Jenk.) Ranil" authorityName="Ranil" baseAuthorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[394,677,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sledgei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561A17E68FE46FC8D" box="[394,481,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. sledgei</emphasis> +(Fraser-Jenk.) Ranil +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562867E68FC23FC8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[685,900,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subdentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562867E68FC8CFC8D" box="[685,811,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. subdentata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65638A7E68FB0CFC8C" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[929,1195,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subelata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65638A7E68FBAFFC8D" box="[929,1032,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. subelata</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65649F7E68FF0DFCED" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B65649F7E68FB61FC8D" box="[1204,1222,801,822]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. subjunc +</emphasis> +ta (Baker) Holttum; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561AA7E08FD76FCEC" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[385,721,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561AA7E08FDBAFCED" box="[385,541,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. subpubescens</emphasis> +(Blume) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562F77E08FB98FCEC" authority="(Panigrahi) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Panigrahi" box="[732,1087,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taprobanica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562F77E08FCCEFCED" box="[732,873,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. taprobanica</emphasis> +(Panigrahi) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564617E08FF12FCCC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="timorensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564617E08FB6EFCEC" box="[1098,1225,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. timorensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560967E28FD6BFCCC" authority="(C. M. Zhang) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="C. M. Zhang" box="[189,716,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wulingshanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560967E28FECBFCCD" box="[189,364,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. wulingshanensis</emphasis> +(C.M. Zhang) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562F97E28FC71FCCC" authority="(Fee) Holttum." box="[722,982,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeylanica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562F97E28FCE4FCCD" box="[722,835,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. zeylanica</emphasis> +(Fée) Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC79B6460BA7EC8FB7AFEAC" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC79B6560BA7EC8FEC2FA8C" blockId="46.[97,1227,161,1815]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560BA7EC8FEE5FC2C" box="[145,322,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Excluded names.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561697ECBFDF6FC2C" authority="Copel." authorityName="Copel." box="[322,593,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albociliata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561697ECBFDABFC2D" box="[322,524,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris albociliata</emphasis> +Copel. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562447EC8FD43FC2C" box="[623,740,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562447EC8FD43FC2C" box="[623,740,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562DC7ECBFBABFC2C" authority="Rosenst." authorityName="Rosenst." box="[759,1036,898,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562DC7ECBFC14FC2C" box="[759,947,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris assamica</emphasis> +Rosenst. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564017EC8FB1CFC2D" box="[1066,1211,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cylindrothrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564017EC8FB1CFC2D" box="[1066,1211,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. cylindrothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A7EE8FEE6FC0D" box="[97,321,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65604A7EE8FF6FFC0D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[97,200,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +benguetense +</emphasis> +Copel. [= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561877EE8FD87FC0D" box="[428,544,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561877EE8FD87FC0D" box="[428,544,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65621E7EE8FC83FC0D" box="[565,804,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Polystichum benoitianum</emphasis> +Gaudich. [= +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563827EE8FB6FFC0D" box="[937,1224,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563827EE8FBF4FC0D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[937,1107,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sphaerostephanos</taxonomicName> +benoitianus +</emphasis> +(Gaudich.) Holttum—Holttum thought it possibly related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562837E88FB67FC6C" authority="(G. Forst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[680,1216,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562837E88FCDDFC6C" box="[680,890,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Strophocaulon invisum</emphasis> +(G. Forst.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65604A7EA8FEDFFC4C" authority="Bedd." authorityName="Bedd." box="[97,376,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biauritum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A7EA8FE9EFC4D" box="[97,313,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Nephrodium biauritum</emphasis> +Bedd. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561B37EA8FE5AFC4D" box="[408,509,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6561B37EA8FE0DFC4D" box="[408,426,993,1014]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. lebeuffii +</emphasis> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562397EABFC8EFC4C" authority="Rosenst." authorityName="Rosenst." box="[530,809,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contigua"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562397EABFD6AFC4C" box="[530,717,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris contigua</emphasis> +Rosenst. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563627EA8FC1DFC4D" box="[841,954,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563627EA8FC1DFC4D" box="[841,954,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563E57EA8FF52FBAC" authority="Parish ex Bedd." authorityName="Bedd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="didymosorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563E57EA8FB6EFC4D" box="[974,1225,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Nephrodium didymosorum</emphasis> +Parish ex Bedd. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65613A7948FE23FBAC" box="[273,388,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65613A7948FE23FBAC" box="[273,388,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561BD794BFD36FBAC" authority="Copel." authorityName="Copel." box="[406,657,1026,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561BD794BFDEBFBAC" box="[406,588,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris euaensis</emphasis> +Copel. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562867948FCACFBAD" box="[685,779,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harveyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562867948FCACFBAD" box="[685,779,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. harveyi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563367948FBFEFBAC" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[797,1113,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eurostotrichum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563367948FBB9FBAD" box="[797,1054,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Nephrodium eurostotrichum</emphasis> +Baker +</taxonomicName> += +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564457948FEF4FB8C" authority="(Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distans" status="incertae sedis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564457948FF03FB8D" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella distans</emphasis> +(Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B656175796BFE7AFB8D" box="[350,477,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC79B656175796BFE7AFB8D" box="[350,477,1057,1079]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561C17968FCF7FB8C" authority="(Christ) Copel." authorityName="Copel." baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[490,848,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcatulus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561C17968FD15FB8D" box="[490,690,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Cyclosorus falcatulus</emphasis> +(Christ) Copel. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65635A7968FC44FB8D" box="[881,995,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65635A7968FC44FB8D" box="[881,995,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563DC796BFF11FBEC" authority="Rosenst." authorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtopilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563DC796BFB6EFB8D" box="[1015,1225,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris hirtopilosa</emphasis> +Rosenst. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560F37908FEECFBED" box="[216,331,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560F37908FEECFBED" box="[216,331,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65614B7908FDFCFBEC" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[352,603,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jerdonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65614B7908FDB1FBED" box="[352,534,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Cyclosorus jerdonii</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +(excluded from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65632A7908FCF8FBED" box="[769,863,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65632A7908FCF8FBED" box="[769,863,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B6563AE790BFBF7FBEC" author="Holttum" box="[901,1104,1090,1111]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." page="336" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="293 - 339" part="31" refId="ref109796" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella. Kew Bull. 31: 293 - 339." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1976b: 336</bibRefCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B656449790BFEB6FBCC" authority="Rosenst." authorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meeboldii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B656449790BFF1EFBCD" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris meeboldii</emphasis> +Rosenst. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65611A7928FE6AFBCD" box="[305,461,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabariensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65611A7928FE6AFBCD" box="[305,461,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. malabariensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561CB792BFCAAFBCC" authority="Christ" authorityName="Christ" box="[480,781,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mindanaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561CB792BFD6FFBCD" box="[480,712,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris mindanaensis</emphasis> +Christ +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563067928FC2BFBCD" box="[813,908,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563067928FC2BFBCD" box="[813,908,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65638B7928FF14FB2C" authority="(Wall. ex Kuhn) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molliuscula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65638B7928FB83FBCD" box="[928,1060,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. molliuscula</emphasis> +(Wall. ex Kuhn) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560F879C8FD1AFB2C" authority="(Baker) Holttum & Grimes" authorityName="Holttum & Grimes" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[211,701,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560F879C8FE0AFB2C" box="[211,429,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Pseudocyclosorus canus</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum & Grimes +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562E779C8FC69FB2C" authority="Punetha" authorityName="Punetha" box="[716,974,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiauriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562E779C8FCD0FB2D" box="[716,887,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. multiauriculata</emphasis> +Punetha +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563C579C8FBEAFB2D" box="[1006,1101,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563C579C8FBEAFB2D" box="[1006,1101,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65644A79C8FEF7FB0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novae-hiberniae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65644A79C8FF50FB0D" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Thelypteris novae-hiberniae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65615979E8FE73FB0D" box="[370,468,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harveyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65615979E8FE73FB0D" box="[370,468,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. harveyi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561C379E8FD5FFB0D" authority="Forst." authorityName="Forst." box="[488,760,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nymphale"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561C379E8FD10FB0D" box="[488,695,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Polypodium nymphale</emphasis> +Forst. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65633279E8FCDDFB0D" box="[793,890,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65633279E8FCDDFB0D" box="[793,890,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563A579E8FB34FB0D" authority="Mett." authorityName="Mett." box="[910,1171,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliquatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563A579E8FBF0FB0D" box="[910,1111,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Aspidium obliquatum</emphasis> +Mett. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65649879E8FF02FB6D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolixa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65649879E8FF02FB6D" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. prolixa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560917988FE65FB6D" authority="Mett." authorityName="Mett." box="[186,450,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procurrens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560917988FE22FB6C" box="[186,389,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Aspidium procurrens</emphasis> +Mett. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561CF7988FDF8FB6C" box="[484,607,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561CF7988FDF8FB6C" box="[484,607,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65625E798BFC5BFB6D" authority="Rosenst." authorityName="Rosenst." box="[629,1020,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoamboinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65625E798BFC39FB6D" box="[629,926,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris pseudoamboinensis</emphasis> +Rosenst. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564357988FB1CFB6D" box="[1054,1211,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564357988FB1CFB6D" box="[1054,1211,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. subpubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65604A79A8FE29FB4C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[97,398,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangulare"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A79A8FEC1FB4D" box="[97,358,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Nephrodium quadrangulare</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65619A79A8FD84FB4D" box="[433,547,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65619A79A8FD84FB4D" box="[433,547,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65621C79ABFCFFFB4C" authority="Alderw." authorityName="Alderw." box="[567,856,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repandula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65621C79ABFCA3FB4D" box="[567,772,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris repandula</emphasis> +Alderw. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65635279A8FC4CFB4D" box="[889,1003,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65635279A8FC4CFB4D" box="[889,1003,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. hispidula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65642B79A8FED3FAAD" authority="Tatew. & Tagawa ex Tagawa" authorityName="Tagawa" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaridus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65642B79A8FB6EFB4D" box="[1024,1225,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Cyclosorus subaridus</emphasis> +Tatew. & Tagawa ex Tagawa +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561BD7848FDE7FAAD" box="[406,576,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaculosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561BD7848FDE7FAAD" box="[406,576,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella jaculosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65627F784BFCCFFAAC" authority="Alderw." authorityName="Alderw." box="[596,872,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="submollis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65627F784BFCB2FAAD" box="[596,789,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris submollis</emphasis> +Alderw. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563A37848FC40FAAD" box="[904,999,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563A37848FC40FAAD" box="[904,999,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +]; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563D0784BFF0AFA8C" authority="Alderw." authorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumatrana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563D0784BFB6FFAAC" box="[1019,1224,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Dryopteris sumatrana</emphasis> +Alderw. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6560E27868FEFBFA8D" box="[201,348,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560E27868FEFBFA8D" box="[201,348,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. subpubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC79B6560BA7808FDDEFA6C" blockId="46.[97,1227,161,1815]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560BA7808FEE3FAEC" box="[145,324,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Excluded species.—</emphasis> +Three Hawaiian endemic species treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562C07808FCE2FAED" box="[747,837,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562C07808FCE2FAED" box="[747,837,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B656342780BFBACFAEC" author="Holttum" box="[873,1035,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B656410780BFB61FAEC" author="Palmer" box="[1083,1222,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer (2003)</bibRefCitation> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A7828FE30FACD" box="[97,407,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65604A7828FEADFACD" box="[97,266,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae">Christella boydiae</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561387828FE30FACD" box="[275,407,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyatheoides">C. cyatheoides</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561EC7828FD86FACD" box="[455,545,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wailele"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561EC7828FD86FACD" box="[455,545,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. wailele</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are here transferred to the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65634D782BFC7DFACC" box="[870,986,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65634D782BFC7DFACC" box="[870,986,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Based on a photo of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC79B65604A78C8FF2BFA2D" box="[97,140,1409,1430]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65608778C8FE44FA2C" authority="Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." box="[172,483,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burundensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65608778C8FED8FA2D" box="[172,383,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella burundensis</emphasis> +Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +, and notes on the specimen by Holttum, this is not a +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563DB78C8FBECFA2D" box="[1008,1099,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563DB78C8FBECFA2D" box="[1008,1099,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and may be +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65604A78E8FDEAFA0D" authority="(Desv.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[97,589,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A78E8FE83FA0D" box="[97,292,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Pelazoneuron kunthii</emphasis> +(Desv.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; it has free veins and the proximal pinnae are not reduced. If that species, it is likely introduced and not native to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC79B656209788BFDD2FA6C" box="[546,629,1474,1495]" name="Burundi" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Burundi</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC79B6560BA78ABFD7AF9AD" blockId="46.[97,1227,161,1815]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6560BA78ABFE8CFA4D" box="[145,299,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Incertae sedis.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65610078A8FD1CFA4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum. Based" authorityName="Holttum. Based" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[299,699,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afzelii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65610078A8FE64FA4D" box="[299,451,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella afzelii</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum. Based +</taxonomicName> +on an image of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC79B65635678A8FC0DFA4D" box="[893,938,1505,1526]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus> +, this appears to be bipinnate; veins are free and sometimes forked. It is unlikely to be a +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562567B48FD70F9AD" box="[637,727,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562567B48FD70F9AD" box="[637,727,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC79B6460BB7B6BFB7AFEAC" blockId="46.[97,1227,161,1815]" lastBlockId="47.[121,1250,162,279]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="46" pageNumber="36"> +Several Afro-Madagascan species (represented by +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562457B6BFCF9F98D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[622,862,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562457B6BFCF9F98D" box="[622,862,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563A67B68FB8AF98D" box="[909,1069,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563A67B68FB8AF98D" box="[909,1069,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella distans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in Fawcett et al. in press) are more closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6561847B08FDE8F9ED" box="[431,591,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6561847B08FDE8F9ED" box="[431,591,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562507B0BFD54F9EC" box="[635,755,1602,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562507B0BFD54F9EC" box="[635,755,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +than to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563147B08FC3EF9ED" box="[831,921,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563147B08FC3EF9ED" box="[831,921,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC79B6563B67B0BFC1EF9ED" box="[925,953,1601,1623]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563B67B0BFC14F9EC" box="[925,947,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B6563967B0BFBFBF9EC" author="Holttum" box="[957,1116,1602,1623]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="293 - 339" part="31" refId="ref109796" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella. Kew Bull. 31: 293 - 339." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XI. The genus Christella Leveille, sect. Christella" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1976b)</bibRefCitation> +considered +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65604A7B28FEA5F9CD" box="[97,258,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65604A7B28FEA5F9CD" box="[97,258,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella distans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +the most aberrant species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B65620B7B28FDDDF9CD" box="[544,634,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65620B7B28FDDDF9CD" box="[544,634,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, in part because of the swollen aerophores; we agree, and its taxonomic placement remains uncertain. Two other species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562EE7BC8FBB1F92C" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[709,1046,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562EE7BC8FCC6F92D" box="[709,865,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella friesii</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6564617BC8FEABF90C" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6564617BC8FB6EF92C" box="[1098,1225,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">C. guineensis</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, may also belong to the +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B65622B7BE8FD04F90D" box="[512,675,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Pseudocyclorosus</emphasis> ++ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562977BEBFC90F90C" box="[700,823,1698,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562977BEBFC90F90C" box="[700,823,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +clade. Based on the original description ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC79B65604C7B8BFE2DF96C" author="Rakotondrainibe & Jouy" box="[103,394,1729,1751]" firstAuthor="Rakotondrainibe" journalOrPublisher="Adansonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" pagination="223 - 235" part="34" refId="ref113224" refString="RAKOTONDRAINIBE, F. & A. JOUY. 2011. Quatre especes et une variete nouvelles dans la famille des Thelypteridaceae a Madagascar - premier signalement du genre Pronephrium C. Presl dans la region africano-malgache. Adansonia 34: 223 - 235." title="Quatre especes et une variete nouvelles dans la famille des Thelypteridaceae a Madagascar - premier signalement du genre Pronephrium C. Presl dans la region africano-malgache" type="journal article" year="2011">Rakotondrainibe & Jouy 2011</bibRefCitation> +) and images of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC79B6562697B88FDCAF96D" box="[578,621,1729,1750]" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC79B6562517B8BFD2CF96C" box="[634,651,1730,1751]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode> +!) of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6562987B88FC57F96C" authority="Rakotondr." authorityName="Rakotondr." box="[691,1008,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="darainensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6562987B88FCDBF96D" box="[691,892,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella darainensis</emphasis> +Rakotondr. +</taxonomicName> +, we note that the veins are free with the proximal one of a pair running to the sinus, the adjacent vein meeting the margin above the sinus, the rhizome is erect, and the stipe base scales are ovate and glabrous, unlike those of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC79B6563427A48FC64F8AD" box="[873,963,1793,1814]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC79B6563427A48FC64F8AD" box="[873,963,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="36">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, suggesting it may be more closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6461367DEBFE32FF0C" box="[285,405,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6461367DEBFE32FF0C" box="[285,405,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The African +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64623E7DEBFD1DFF0C" box="[533,698,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +have been the most difficult taxonomically and have been subject to the greatest taxonomic upheaval as a result of our phylogenetic study (see +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B64638B7D8BFBA7FF6C" box="[928,1024,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B64638B7D8BFBA7FF6C" box="[928,1024,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC69B6464047D8BFB67FF6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1071,1216,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC69B6464047D8BFB67FF6C" box="[1071,1216,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="37">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for further discussion). This morphologically variable, and poorly studied species group cannot be confidently placed; additional molecular sampling and study of herbarium material will be necessary before taxonomic changes are made. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6962697906FB6EFB25.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6962697906FB6EFB25.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1ea151c98fc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6962697906FB6EFB25.xml @@ -0,0 +1,338 @@ +<document id="402C7123DBF015F999A9073B906AC725" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC89B6962697906FB6EFB25" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amauropelta" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="2BB383323EC76538A880D7BC9093C427" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="997533FB118FAC427175E8F8762709AD"> +<mods:title id="16A98F348B62B408D508C29912257AD5">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="9E7A17A947C5DDBFA043DA565058D195" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="5E606E617C1BA67CAE92D80F9CFD812B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="7427AB557C2282F0E5BED510650F4A33">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="552BEE099DD4B220F1B8E85034B8E3EF">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="3C8D5DAC852FD943F816D6FD338B457E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="3459698BA0BF963DD552ADC84286E918"> +<mods:roleTerm id="0BE49C062801B94FD84B5CACCC03DA95">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="D3E7BB433CE581F15A8D2C266A1381C5">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="4719445FEA070E030655081FE3ECE06C">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="DC4486CE977825B2156A29FDA76B6AE5"> +<mods:dateIssued id="1D17C726381CB1C75633A094CFC6B9B5">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="4345D99CE1F1754A4EA291F8FEF2119E">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="0B9F95D7BBE4169266E2D861CB6E26F9"> +<mods:placeTerm id="25395EE42BE31F489FE4C8A14854905D">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="A0D7BB79F8655DEFFC2D85E539F813E6">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC89B6962697906FB6EFB25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC89B6962697906FB6EFB25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC89B6962697906FB6EFB25" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A62697906FCB0FBD2" box="[578,791,1103,1129]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A62697906FCB0FBD2" blockId="33.[121,1249,1103,1191]" box="[578,791,1103,1129]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFC89B6A62697906FCB0FBD2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[578,791,1103,1129]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A62697906FCB0FBD2" ID-CoL="TBJ" box="[578,791,1103,1129]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62697906FCB0FBD2" bold="true" box="[578,791,1103,1129]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">AMAUROPELTA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A60527931FB0DFB37" box="[121,1194,1143,1165]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A60527931FB0DFB37" blockId="33.[121,1249,1103,1191]" box="[121,1194,1143,1165]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60527931FE03FB36" authority="Kunze, Farrnkr." authorityName="Kunze, Farrnkr." box="[121,420,1143,1165]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60527931FF58FB36" bold="true" box="[121,255,1144,1165]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Amauropelta</emphasis> +Kunze, Farrnkr. +</taxonomicName> +1:86, 109, t. 51. 1843.— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFC89B6A62BB7933FB01FB37" author="A. R. Sm., Amer. Fern J." box="[656,1190,1146,1164]" issue="3" journal="Amer. Fern J." page="121" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" score="85.37874681426794" volume="63" year="1973"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A62BB7933FB8AFB30" authority="A. R. Sm., Amer. Fern J." authorityName="A. R. Sm., Amer. Fern J." box="[656,1069,1146,1164]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amauropelta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62BB7933FD44FB30" box="[656,739,1146,1163]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A633E7933FCD4FB30" box="[789,883,1146,1163]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Amauropelta</emphasis> +A.R. Sm., Amer. Fern J. +</taxonomicName> +63(3):121. 1973 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A64837932FC7CFB1C" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A64837932FC7CFB1C" blockId="33.[121,1249,1103,1191]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC89B6A64977932FB7BFB30" box="[1212,1244,1147,1163]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC89B6A64977932FB7BFB30" box="[1212,1244,1147,1163]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A609279DCFE2CFB1E" authority="Kunze" authorityName="Kunze" box="[185,395,1173,1190]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breutelii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A609279DCFEF1FB1D" box="[185,342,1173,1190]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Amauropelta breutelii</emphasis> +Kunze +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61A679DCFE31FB1E" box="[397,406,1173,1189]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">=</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A61B179DCFDFCFB1C" authority="(Sw.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[410,603,1173,1191]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61B179DCFE43FB1D" box="[410,484,1173,1190]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A.limbata</emphasis> +(Sw.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A625B79DCFCC2FB1C" authority="(Sw.) Proctor" authorityName="Proctor" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[624,869,1173,1191]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A625B79DCFD5AFB1D" box="[624,765,1173,1190]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Thelypteris limbata</emphasis> +(Sw.) Proctor +</taxonomicName> +] +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A634779DCFC1BFB1D" box="[876,956,1173,1190]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Oochlamys</emphasis> +Fée +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A605279F5FCB3FB49" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A605279F5FCB3FB49" blockId="33.[121,1250,1212,1810]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A605279F5FF46FB6A" box="[121,225,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A613679F4FECBFB69" box="[285,364,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">amauros</emphasis> +, dark + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A619579F5FE4FFB6A" box="[446,488,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">pelte</emphasis> +, shield. Referring to the darkened indusia of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC89B6A63E279F5FC53FB6A" box="[969,1012,1212,1233]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus> +species; most species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60527995FF48FB4A" box="[121,239,1244,1265]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60527995FF48FB4A" box="[121,239,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, if indusiate, have tan or stramineous indusia at maturity. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B69608279B4FF40FE4C" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B69608279B4FF40FE4C" blockId="33.[121,1250,1212,1810]" lastBlockId="34.[97,1226,162,951]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +Plants mostly terrestrial, or occasionally cremnophilous or rheophytic, mostly from (10–)30–100(–200) cm tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60527854FF7AFA89" bold="true" box="[121,221,1309,1330]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">rhizomes</emphasis> +long-creeping, short-creeping, suberect, or erect, rarely scandent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63B07854FC45FA89" bold="true" box="[923,994,1309,1330]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">fronds</emphasis> +once-pinnate to usually pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate or slightly more divided, monomorphic, usually arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64367874FBFDFAE9" bold="true" box="[1053,1114,1341,1362]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, brownish, or occasionally atropurpureous, dull to lustrous, stipe bases and rhizome scales dull brown to tan, ovate to lanceolate, rarely glabrous, usually with acicular, hyaline hairs 0.1–0.2 mm on margins and surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64787835FB32FA2A" bold="true" box="[1107,1173,1404,1425]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous, usually drying green, lanceolate, ovate to broadly deltate, proximal pinnae usually greatly to sometimes subabruptly or abruptly reduced, often> 6 pairs, basal pair(s) sometimes auriculiform or glanduliform and < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC89B6A60A07894FF63FA4A" box="[139,196,1500,1522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity> +long, blade apex gradually reduced, with distal pinnae not or only slightly decurrent, proliferous buds absent or infrequently present in axils of distal pinnae in a few spp. (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A62C478B5FCF2F9AA" box="[751,853,1532,1553]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linkiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62C478B5FCF2F9AA" box="[751,853,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. linkiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and related spp. treated in sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64A378B5FB46F9AA" box="[1160,1249,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Uncinella</emphasis> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC89B6A60BD7B54FEA1F989" author="Smith" box="[150,262,1565,1586]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="33" pageNumber="23" pagination="83 - 95" part="64" refId="ref114197" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1974. A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta. Amer. Fern J. 64: 83 - 95." title="A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta" type="journal article" year="1974"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC89B6A60BD7B54FF77F989" box="[150,208,1565,1586]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Smith</collectingRegion> +1974 +</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A613D7B54FEFBF989" bold="true" box="[278,348,1565,1586]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">pinnae</emphasis> +shallowly lobed, usually pinnatifid or pinnatisect, rarely 1-pinnate or subentire, rarely entire ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60AA7B75FF79F9EA" box="[129,222,1596,1617]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reducta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60AA7B75FF79F9EA" box="[129,222,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. reducta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), typically straight, less commonly falcate, sometimes with small acroscopic auricles; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64337B74FBEAF9E9" bold="true" box="[1048,1101,1597,1618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">veins</emphasis> +usually prominent abaxially and adaxially, lowermost pair from adjacent segments running to margin just above sinus between adjacent lobes, rarely running to sinus ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A61E57B35FD95F92A" box="[462,562,1660,1681]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linkiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61E57B35FD95F92A" box="[462,562,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. linkiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), never united to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A62F17B34FCCBF92A" box="[730,876,1660,1682]" form="excurrent" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" rank="form">form excurrent</taxonomicName> +veins that run to sinuses, veins ending at pinna margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61027BD5FE3DF90A" bold="true" box="[297,410,1692,1713]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">aerophores</emphasis> +absent or, if present, tuberculate or elongate, or with only or a small patch of darkened aerating tissue at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A618D7BF4FDD6F969" bold="true" box="[422,625,1725,1746]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">indument abaxially</emphasis> +usually of hyaline acicular hairs on rachises, costae, veins, and sometimes between veins, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61557B94FDEEF949" bold="true" box="[382,585,1757,1778]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs on rachises and costae, sometimes also on veins and between veins, hairs sometimes appressed, hairs on stipes and rachises short 0.1–1(–2) mm, sparse to dense, plants rarely glabrous or glabrescent, hairs usually single-celled, rarely septate; glands, if present, resinous or hemispherical and translucent, orangish to reddish, sometimes capitate (short-stipitate), light yellowish, borne on laminae and veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960E17DA8FE86FF4D" bold="true" box="[202,289,225,246]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962087DABFDECFF4C" bold="true" box="[547,587,226,247]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">sori</emphasis> +inframedial, medial, or infrequently submarginal, usually round, occasionally oblong or elongate along veins, indusiate or exindusiate, indusia if present round-reniform (lunate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B69604A7C6BFF75FE8D" box="[97,210,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decurtata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69604A7C6BFF75FE8D" box="[97,210,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. decurtata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or reduced to a fragment, usually whitish or tan when young, occasionally greenish ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6964377C6BFB02FE8C" box="[1052,1189,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="germaniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6964377C6BFB02FE8C" box="[1052,1189,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. germaniana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or blackish ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6960947C0BFEC5FEED" box="[191,354,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanochlaena"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960947C0BFEC5FEED" box="[191,354,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. melanochlaena</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), persistent to evanescent, hairy and or glandular to glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963917C0BFBB8FEEC" bold="true" box="[954,1055,322,343]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">sporangia</emphasis> +usually glabrous, rarely setulose; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960DF7C28FE91FECD" bold="true" box="[244,310,353,374]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">spores</emphasis> +pale brown, lacking pronounced winglike ridges or echinae, reticulate and perforate (fenestrate), with secondary sculpturing of gemmulae (Tryon and Lugardon 1991; Alvarez-Fuentes 2010); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6964277CCBFBB0FE2C" box="[1036,1047,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 29, 27, 31. This heterogeneity in chromosome base numbers in a single genus is unusual in ferns, although it is common among genera of the amauropeltoid clade. The biological significance is yet to be determined; the numbers do not appear to be miscounts. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B6960BA7F4BFB1CFCCC" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960BA7F4BFEF1FCAC" blockId="34.[97,1226,162,951]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960BA7F4BFEA0FDAC" box="[145,263,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.—</emphasis> +The genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961457F48FE42FDAD" box="[366,485,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961457F48FE42FDAD" box="[366,485,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is morphologically most similar to the other two genera of the amauropeltoid clade. It is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961A17F68FDBDFD8D" box="[394,538,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961A17F68FDBDFD8D" box="[394,538,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(eastern Asia) by the veins running to the margins, adaxially grooved costae,base chromosome number of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961917F0BFE62FDEC" box="[442,453,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 27, 29, 31 (vs.usually +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962B47F0BFD0DFDEC" box="[671,682,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCB9B6962967F0BFD4CFDEC" box="[701,747,578,599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="35.0">35in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6962C57F08FCDBFDED" box="[750,892,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962C57F08FCDBFDED" box="[750,892,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). From +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6963EE7F08FBEEFDED" box="[965,1097,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963EE7F08FBEEFDED" box="[965,1097,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6964797F08FB6EFDED" box="[1106,1225,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6964797F08FB6EFDED" box="[1106,1225,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs by the combination of usually greatly reduced proximal pinnae, lack of sessile, resinous, reddish glands on the lamina between veins (except in the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961957FC8FD8BFD2D" box="[446,556,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961957FC8FD8BFD2D" box="[446,556,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. resinifera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +group), usually creeping or suberect rhizomes (vs. upright and trunklike, except in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6960C17FE8FE67FD0D" box="[234,448,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960C17FE8FE67FD0D" box="[234,448,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Coryphopteris simulata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and usual base chromosome number of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963677FEBFCF0FD0C" box="[844,855,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 29, 27, 31 (vs. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963C67FEBFC5FFD0C" box="[1005,1016,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 31, 32, 33). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B69645C7FEBFF0EFD6C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B6960FF7F8BFED8FD6C" author="Patel" box="[212,383,706,727]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation> +noted that the spores of species of the amauropeltoid clade are frequently perforate (a rare state elsewhere in the family) but those of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961C27FA8FDC7FD4D" box="[489,608,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961C27FA8FDC7FD4D" box="[489,608,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are reticulate with low ridges, while spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6964247FA8FB34FD4D" box="[1039,1171,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6964247FA8FB34FD4D" box="[1039,1171,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +often are winged and fimbriate. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960A47E6BFB1CFCCC" blockId="34.[97,1226,162,951]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +By far the greatest species diversity of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961DD7E68FDCAFC8D" box="[502,621,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961DD7E68FDCAFC8D" box="[502,621,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is in the Neotropics, but the earliest-diverging lineages are from the Old World. The genus is here broadly defined to include +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962897E08FC21FCEC" box="[674,902,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6962897E08FC8AFCED" box="[674,813,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parathelypteris</taxonomicName> +pro parte +</emphasis> +(with some species transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B69604A7E28FF44FCCD" box="[97,227,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69604A7E28FF44FCCD" box="[97,227,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and is subdivided into four subgenera; two are strictly Old World and two predominantly New World. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B6960A47ECBFC4CFC0C" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960A47ECBFC4CFC0C" blockId="34.[97,1226,162,951]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +Most necessary combinations have been made in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B69624F7EC8FD7DFC2D" box="[612,730,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69624F7EC8FD7DFC2D" box="[612,730,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B69632A7ECBFC3EFC2C" author="Holttum" box="[769,921,898,919]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B69638A7ECBFC7AFC2C" author="Holttum" box="[929,989,898,919]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B6963C77ECBFB3AFC2C" author="Salino" box="[1004,1181,898,919]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salino" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 50" part="57" refId="ref113700" refString="SALINO, A., T. E. ALMEIDA, & A. R. SMITH. 2015. New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae. PhytoKeys 57: 11 - 50." title="New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2015">Salino et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation> +, and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B69604A7EEBFF59FC0C" author="Kuo" box="[97,254,930,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +, but new combinations in subgenera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6962777EE8FD40FC0D" box="[604,743,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962777EE8FD40FC0D" box="[604,743,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69633F7EE8FCEBFC0D" box="[788,844,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Nibaa</emphasis> +are made below. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B6961F67E92FCEBFC51" box="[477,844,986,1004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="multiple"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6961F67E92FCEBFC51" blockId="34.[97,1225,986,1182]" box="[477,844,986,1004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +KEY TO SUBGENERA OF +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6962E87E93FCEBFC51" ID-CoL="TBJ" box="[707,844,986,1002]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962E87E93FCEBFC51" box="[707,844,986,1002]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">AMAUROPELTA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B69604A7EB4FB6EFB25" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="key"> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFCB9B69604A7EB4FC2CFB85" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B69604A7EB4FB6EFB9D" blockId="34.[97,1225,986,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFCB9B69604A7EB4FB6EFB9D" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +1. Proximal pinnae abruptly or little reduced; plants of temperate, or subtropical montane +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCB9B69636B7EB4FC2EFBB5" box="[832,905,1021,1038]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">East Asia</collectingCountry> +, mostly winter-deciduous with thin,branching long-creeping rhizomes 1–2.5 mm diam.; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69627C795CFDF8FB9D" box="[599,607,1045,1062]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 27,31 ________________________________________ subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B696462795CFB6EFB9D" box="[1097,1225,1045,1062]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B696462795CFB6EFB9D" bold="true" box="[1097,1225,1045,1062]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B69604A7964FC2CFB85" blockId="34.[97,1225,986,1182]" box="[97,907,1069,1086]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFCB9B69604A7964FC2CFB85" box="[97,907,1069,1086]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +1. Proximal pinnae typically gradually reduced;plants widely distributed;rhizomes various; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963087964FC9EFB85" box="[803,825,1069,1086]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x =</emphasis> +27,29,31. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFCB9B696058790CFD45FBD5" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B696058790CFB6EFBED" blockId="34.[97,1225,986,1182]" box="[115,1225,1093,1110]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFCB9B696058790CFB6EFBED" box="[115,1225,1093,1110]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +2. Rhizomes typically erect,> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCB9B696172790CFE22FBED" box="[345,389,1093,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +diam.;predominantly neotropical; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962BE790CFD3AFBED" box="[661,669,1093,1110]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 29 ______________________________________subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B696470790CFB6EFBED" ID-CoL="TBJ" box="[1115,1225,1093,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B696470790CFB6EFBED" bold="true" box="[1115,1225,1093,1110]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960587914FD45FBD5" blockId="34.[97,1225,986,1182]" box="[115,738,1117,1134]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFCB9B6960587914FD45FBD5" box="[115,738,1117,1134]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +2. Rhizomes long creeping,< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCB9B6961737914FE22FBD5" box="[344,389,1117,1134]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +diam.;temperate or paleotropical; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962BF7914FD0CFBD5" box="[660,683,1117,1134]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x =</emphasis> +27,31. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFCB9B6960AD793CFB6EFB25" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960AD793CFB6EFB3D" blockId="34.[97,1225,986,1182]" box="[134,1225,1141,1158]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFCB9B6960AD793CFB6EFB3D" box="[134,1225,1141,1158]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +3. Plants of temperate North America;glands yellowish or colorless; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962B8793CFD3CFB3D" box="[659,667,1141,1158]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 27 ____________________________________________ subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6964B3793CFB6EFB3D" bold="true" box="[1176,1225,1141,1158]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Nibaa</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960AD79C4FB6EFB25" blockId="34.[97,1225,986,1182]" box="[134,1225,1165,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFCB9B6960AD79C4FB6EFB25" box="[134,1225,1165,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +3. Plants of temperate +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCB9B69611E79C4FEDFFB25" box="[309,376,1165,1182]" name="China" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">East Asia</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCB9B6961BA79C4FE6AFB25" box="[401,461,1165,1182]" name="Malaysia" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Malesia</collectingCountry> +;glands resinous yellow-orange to red; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6962D179C4FCA5FB25" box="[762,770,1165,1182]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 31 _________________________________ subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6964BD79C4FB6EFB25" bold="true" box="[1174,1225,1165,1182]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Venus</emphasis> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C0BFE7AFECA.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C0BFE7AFECA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f5d3b848099 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C0BFE7AFECA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="60E85F49B4CDA4E58184B92CC97380C6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C0BFE7AFECA" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Abacopteris macrophylla S. 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Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="07BA506FF7763D73675A1254651D07FD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="D7EF772F117E576CB1A07E91457F1F10"> +<mods:title id="3A6F1B744F2E100A12C97CCE754085EA">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="D158BF9F6DE4C23B19CFA7D996C6C8EB" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="16E6A71D44226EB46786B7E40EC45A62"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5044FB476CB0ED270EFFFB96B24C4489">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="1D307061FAB40D1CB8262E1F493F5701">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7DE94607C4EBB1C68BEFAE0EAA9291CE" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9C1B7B65459166E010A0B920F4768006"> +<mods:roleTerm id="07AD696D0FAD955C357E9AEE6342E836">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="FC9FE9EC5BCB8D612E4A05C43616A993">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="99AEB7AC53BB74749CD1D6E986CD67B1">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="9347614F4CF4682A37BC3A436AD73ED3"> +<mods:dateIssued id="AC7198058377D8C5DDB5F3E149037120">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="AEDB0768E5389F6BE0367408A37FE0F3">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="C1AEACABAE685ED59B9577D8896CABDB"> +<mods:placeTerm id="ACC354D78F28F0B1C4557DB31FCA6113">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="CC5782DED385FD142BB041E535A41D77">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C0BFE7AFECA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C0BFE7AFECA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C0BFE7AFECA" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A60527C0BFCD4FEED" box="[121,883,321,343]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A60527C0BFCD4FEED" blockId="33.[121,1251,161,636]" box="[121,883,321,343]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFC89B6A60527C0BFCD4FEED" box="[121,883,321,343]" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60527C0BFCA4FEEC" ID-CoL="8RTZC" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" box="[121,771,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophylla" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60527C0BFED1FEED" bold="true" box="[121,374,321,343]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Abacopteris macrophylla</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63227C08FCD4FEED" bold="true" box="[777,883,321,342]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC89B6A63227C08FCD4FEED" box="[777,883,321,342]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A63587C0BFE7AFECA" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A63587C0BFE7AFECA" blockId="33.[121,1251,161,636]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFC89B6A63A07C0CFE7FFECA" author="Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." journal="Popularis Sin." page="352" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" score="1.0" volume="4" year="1999"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A63A07C0CFED9FECA" ID-CoL="8RDLK" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." authorityName="Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63A07C0CFBF1FEED" box="[907,1110,325,342]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Pronephrium macrophyllum</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X.Lin, Fl.Reipubl.Popularis Sin. +</taxonomicName> +4:352.1999 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C31FB47FE1C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C31FB47FE1C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..65c40ae97e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C31FB47FE1C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +<document id="91BCB9EA69B274B8E3CB6BB9F3423E10" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C31FB47FE1C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Abacopteris nitida S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="745A5EB545A92842571B15FD40CBC0B4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="3BE4798B4E3C54A43F989D5C6000500F"> +<mods:title id="B5873B133B2C63DD05E9DF5CABCAD58C">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="5BD0E2CAC0764ED5159FC2ABB72DB86B" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="CD27E2B2317533690A6691A3317A2835"> +<mods:roleTerm id="E368D2546B33DB65A7BAB5058128B7F5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5BE65C4EBBFCE5F9FC6D51C1DA842C8B">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E53EDAAF6E71109E1DA929B14BB89F92" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D6E4C7C756C00F99F754649733CCFFB5"> +<mods:roleTerm id="CC45824740D38183C9F293BEDE9C8670">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="DBDA24BB6679CC741064580F8BEFF28E">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="28A759D024E61ED8B2308F86FC2835EC">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="1AE127EA012060F1992ED442B939CC49"> +<mods:dateIssued id="A2C4A7F2AB1D9F99FBB964B7B6DB2031">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="86DF7C7217B15BC6EECF41AB91233A49">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="E54DA754F99935E31DB66BFEA5037689"> +<mods:placeTerm id="BDA10DE7DA339EFDD713B17E7A53222A">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="8F8F93F9D2B79556F99265377B5DB45D">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C31FB47FE1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076083" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C31FB47FE1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C31FB47FE1C" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A60527C31FD53FE37" box="[121,756,375,397]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A60527C31FD53FE37" blockId="33.[121,1251,161,636]" box="[121,756,375,397]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFC89B6A60527C31FD53FE37" box="[121,756,375,397]" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60527C31FF25FE36" bold="true" box="[121,130,376,397]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60A97C31FD26FE36" ID-CoL="8RTX3" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[130,641,375,397]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60A97C31FE99FE36" bold="true" box="[130,318,376,397]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Abacopteris nitida</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62A27C3EFD53FE37" bold="true" box="[649,756,375,396]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC89B6A62A27C3EFD53FE37" box="[649,756,375,396]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A62DE7C3EFB47FE1C" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A62DE7C3EFB47FE1C" blockId="33.[121,1251,161,636]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A63267C32FEF4FE1C" authority="Holttum, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="urophylla" variety="nitida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63267C32FC02FE30" box="[781,933,378,395]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Dryopteris urophylla</emphasis> +(Mett.) C.Chr. var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64167C33FBCFFE30" box="[1085,1128,378,395]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">nitida</emphasis> +Holttum, Gard. Bull.Straits Settlem. +</taxonomicName> +7. 1934.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A618B7CDCFC3BFE1E" authority="(Holttum) K. Iwats." authorityName="K. Iwats." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[416,924,405,423]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="urophylla" variety="nitida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A618B7CDCFD9CFE1D" box="[416,571,405,422]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Thelypteris urophylla</emphasis> +(Mett.) K. Iwats.var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62F07CDCFCA1FE1D" box="[731,774,405,422]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">nitida</emphasis> +(Holttum) K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A63847CDCFB47FE1C" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[943,1248,405,423]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63847CDCFBECFE1D" box="[943,1099,405,422]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Pronephrium nitidum</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C44FB04FE80.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C44FB04FE80.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e61d3805124 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C44FB04FE80.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="CB4882CBFB75B20549BED1B1E7DF686D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC89B6A60527C44FB04FE80" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Abacopteris hirtisora S. 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X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." authorityName="Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yunguiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63B37F19FBF6FDDB" box="[920,1105,592,609]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Pronephrium yunguiensis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. 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Presl) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[334,676,657,679]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61657FD8FE59FD1C" box="[334,510,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Abacopteris aspera</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Ching +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC89B6A62997FDBFC8BFD1D" box="[690,812,657,679]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[121,129,1777,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1238,164,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[125,1239,162,1735]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG.5.A.Menisciopsiscyatheoides,Takeuchi1719 (UC),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.M.boydiae,Baldwin116 (US),habit.C.Menisciopsisrubrinervis,Fawcett716 (VT), pinna,abaxial view.Abacopteris aspera,James 1693 (VT).D. pinna.E.pinna,abaxial view." pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62997FDBFC8BFD1D" bold="true" box="[690,812,657,679]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Figs. 5D, 5E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A63627FDBFF76FD7C" ID-CoL="8RDKV" authority="(R. D. Dixit & Balkr.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="R. D. Dixit & Balkr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="birii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63627FDBFC2CFD1D" box="[841,907,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. birii</emphasis> +(R.D. Dixit & Balkr.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60F07FFBFD3CFD7C" ID-CoL="8RDL6" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[219,667,689,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gardneri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60F07FFBFEEFFD7D" box="[219,328,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. gardneri</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A628E7FFBFB1EFD7C" ID-CoL="8R6L7" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[677,1209,689,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A628E7FFBFCA0FD7D" box="[677,775,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. gracilis</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A64E77FFBFE18FD5C" ID-CoL="8R6L8" authority="(Hayata) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Hayata" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnopteridifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64E77FFBFE84FD5D" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. gymnopteridifrons</emphasis> +(Hayata) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A61E37F9BFC44FD5C" ID-CoL="8RFFP" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[456,995,721,743]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hekouensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61E37F9BFDE0FD5D" box="[456,583,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. hekouensis</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A63DF7F9BFE85FCBC" ID-CoL="8RFFT" authority="(C. Chr.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63DF7F9BFBFBFD5D" box="[1012,1116,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. hirtisora</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A61037FBBFCE3FCBC" ID-CoL="8RTZC" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[296,836,753,775]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61037FBBFE14FCBD" box="[296,435,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. macrophylla</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A637F7FBBFB79FCBC" ID-CoL="8RTX3" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[852,1246,753,775]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A637F7FBBFC05FCBD" box="[852,930,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. nitida</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60527E5BFE55FC9C" ID-CoL="8RFJH" authority="(Roxb.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[121,498,785,807]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60527E5BFF75FC9D" box="[121,210,785,807]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. nudata</emphasis> +(Roxb.) S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A622A7E5BFCE7FC9C" ID-CoL="8R6LG" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[513,832,785,807]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peltochlamys"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A622A7E5BFD36FC9D" box="[513,657,785,807]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. peltochlamys</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A637C7E5BFB61FC9C" ID-CoL="8R9YJ" authority="(Fee) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[855,1222,785,807]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repanda"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A637C7E5BFC1CFC9D" box="[855,955,785,807]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A.repanda</emphasis> +(Fée) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A64E77E5BFDE3FCFC" ID-CoL="8RTTW" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Y. X. Lin" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64E77E5BFF17FCFC" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. setosa</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A62607E7BFBC4FCFC" ID-CoL="8RDMJ" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[587,1123,818,839]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yunguiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62607E7BFD76FCFC" box="[587,721,818,839]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. yunguiensis</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC89B6A60827E1BFCD5FB9C" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC89B6A60827E1BFCD5FB9C" blockId="33.[121,1255,657,1063]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60827E1BFE8BFCDD" box="[169,300,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Incertae sedis.</emphasis> +—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A61677E1BFD12FCDC" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[332,693,849,871]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61677E1BFDAFFCDD" box="[332,520,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +(Christ) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, recognized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC89B6A63667E1BFC40FCDC" author="Holttum" box="[845,999,850,871]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="33" pageNumber="23" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC89B6A63DB7E1BFB8CFCDC" author="Holttum" box="[1008,1067,850,871]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">1973a</bibRefCitation> +) occurs in tropical West Africa, and is similar to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A61BB7E38FDF7FC3D" box="[400,592,881,902]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A61BB7E38FDF7FC3D" box="[400,592,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Abacopteris hirtisora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(distributed from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC89B6A62D67E3BFC97FC3C" box="[765,816,882,903]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC89B6A63677E3BFC02FC3C" box="[844,933,882,903]" name="Thailand" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Thailand</collectingCountry> +) in having narrow pinnae (~ +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC89B6A64987E3BFB45FC3C" box="[1203,1250,882,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity> +wide) that are toothed or lobed; other species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A62107ED8FD0FFC1D" box="[571,680,913,934]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A62107ED8FD0FFC1D" box="[571,680,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +typically have broader pinnae (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC89B6A63CA7EDBFBABFC1C" box="[993,1036,914,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity> +) with entire of crenate margins. Phylogenetic analyses (Fawcett et al. in press) place this taxon variably within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A63FA7EF8FB99FC7D" box="[977,1086,945,966]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63FA7EF8FB99FC7D" box="[977,1086,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A64747EF8FB1EFC7D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1119,1209,945,966]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64747EF8FB1EFC7D" box="[1119,1209,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC89B6A64EB7EFBFB7CFC7C" box="[1216,1243,946,967]" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A64EB7EFBFB72FC7C" box="[1216,1237,946,967]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, suggesting the possibility of hybrid origin. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A623B7E98FD5DFC5D" box="[528,762,977,998]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A623B7E98FD5DFC5D" box="[528,762,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Sphaerostephanos validus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A63C67E9BFBF3FC5D" box="[1005,1108,977,999]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A63C67E9BFBF3FC5D" box="[1005,1108,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">A. hirtisora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, or a synonym of it ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC89B6A60837EBBFEF9FBBC" author="Lindsay" box="[168,350,1010,1031]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lindsay" journalOrPublisher="Thai Forest Bull., Bot." pageId="33" pageNumber="23" pagination="64 - 106" part="37" refId="ref111332" refString="LINDSAY, S., D. J. MIDDLETON, T. BOONKERD, & S. SUDDEE. 2009. Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai ferns. Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 37: 64 - 106." title="Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai ferns" type="journal article" year="2009">Lindsay et al. 2009</bibRefCitation> +) but is treated as +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A622A7EBBFDDCFBBD" box="[513,635,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">incertae sedis</emphasis> +pending further study. An intergeneric hybrid has been reported between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A60E5795BFE2FFB9D" box="[206,392,1041,1063]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A60E5795BFE2FFB9D" box="[206,392,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC89B6A619D7958FCC9FB9C" authority="(Quansah & Edwards 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Quansah & Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[438,878,1041,1063]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="33" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC89B6A619D7958FDFDFB9D" box="[438,602,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="23">Christella dentata</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC89B6A624E795BFCCFFB9C" author="Quansah & Edwards" box="[613,872,1042,1063]" firstAuthor="Quansah" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="33" pageNumber="23" pagination="805 - 809" part="41" refId="ref113192" refString="QUANSAH, N. & D. S. EDWARDS. 1986. A natural bigeneric fern hybrid in Thelypteridaceae from Ghana. Kew Bull. 41: 805 - 809." title="A natural bigeneric fern hybrid in Thelypteridaceae from Ghana" type="journal article" year="1986">Quansah & Edwards 1986</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7B89FC6EF94B.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7B89FC6EF94B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7afab27b94 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7B89FC6EF94B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +<document id="5DF19708E18C96193413DC6F137EFB8C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7B89FC6EF94B" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Abacopteris birii S. 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D. Dixit & Balkr.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="R. D. Dixit & Balkr." box="[106,696,1728,1749]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="birii" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60417B89FEB3F96E" bold="true" box="[106,276,1728,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris birii</emphasis> +(R.D. Dixit & Balkr.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62EB7B89FC8CF96E" bold="true" box="[704,811,1728,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC99B6B62EB7B89FC8CF96E" box="[704,811,1728,1749]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B63007B89FC6EF94B" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B63007B89FC6EF94B" blockId="32.[97,1227,1690,1803]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63007B89FCE4F96E" box="[811,835,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B63687B8AFB6CF96F" authority="R. D. Dixit & Balkr., Indian Fern J." authorityName="R. D. Dixit & Balkr., Indian Fern J." box="[835,1227,1731,1749]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="birii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63687B8AFC62F96F" box="[835,965,1731,1748]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium birii</emphasis> +R.D. Dixit & Balkr.,Indian Fern J. +</taxonomicName> +7(1–2):20,f. +<date id="FFA01020FFC99B6B60D67B96FEEFF94B" box="[253,328,1759,1776]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" value="1990-05-01">1–5. 1990</date> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61667B97FCE0F94B" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." authorityName="Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." box="[333,839,1758,1776]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61667B97FE55F954" box="[333,498,1758,1775]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium hirsutum</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin,Fl.Reipubl.Popularis Sin. +</taxonomicName> +4:305, 351.1999. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7BBFFB34F8B0.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7BBFFB34F8B0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9fd1ec19fad --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7BBFFB34F8B0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="1591633A32F0136F83939E4CE2A4588C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC99B6B604A7BBFFB34F8B0" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Abacopteris gardneri S. E. 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Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[369,904,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="achalensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68615A79A8FDEAFB4D" box="[369,589,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta achalensis</emphasis> +(Hieron.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6863A479A8FF6AFAAC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. 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Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862527848FCE5FAAC" authority="(Ponce)" baseAuthorityName="Ponce" box="[633,834,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altitudinis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862527848FD55FAAD" box="[633,754,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. altitudinis</emphasis> +(Ponce) +</taxonomicName> +Salino & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCA9B6863837848FC1FFAAD" box="[936,952,1281,1302]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">T</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCA9B6863907848FC6CFAAD" box="[955,971,1281,1302]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. 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Almeida; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864557808FE81FACC" authority="(Brause) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864557808FB46FAED" box="[1150,1249,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. arborea</emphasis> +(Brause) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861057828FDF2FACC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[302,597,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arenosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861057828FE36FACC" box="[302,401,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. arenosa</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862757828FBB5FACC" authority="(Hieron.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[606,1042,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862757828FD77FACC" box="[606,720,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. argentina</emphasis> +(Hieron.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864307828FEFFFA2C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arrecta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864307828FBDFFACC" box="[1051,1144,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. arrecta</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68614078C8FD01FA2C" authority="(Willd.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. 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Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" box="[687,1209,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atrorubens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68628478C8FC89FA2D" box="[687,814,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. atrorubens</emphasis> +(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864E778C8FDBEFA0C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atrovirens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864E778C8FF70FA0C" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. atrovirens</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68620778E8FBD7FA0C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[556,1136,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aymarae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68620778E8FD3FFA0C" box="[556,664,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. aymarae</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864A878E8FE80FA6C" authority="(Spreng.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Spreng." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balbisii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864A878E8FB47FA0D" box="[1155,1248,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. balbisii</emphasis> +(Spreng.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68611C7888FD69FA6C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[311,718,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barvae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68611C7888FE29FA6D" box="[311,398,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A.barvae</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862FE7888FEB3FA4C" authority="(C. Sanchez, Caluff & O. Alvarez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Sanchez, Caluff & O. Alvarez" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="basisceletica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862FE7888FCF8FA6D" box="[725,863,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. basisceletica</emphasis> +(C. Sánchez, Caluff & O. Alvarez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68610D78A8FDEDFA4C" authority="(Schltdl.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Schltdl." box="[294,586,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68610D78A8FE36FA4D" box="[294,401,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. bergiana</emphasis> +(Schltdl.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68627878A8FC2DFA4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[595,906,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="binervata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68627878A8FD61FA4D" box="[595,710,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. binervata</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6863B878A8FBF9FA4C" authority="A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[915,1118,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863B878A8FBA5FA4D" box="[915,1026,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. boliviana</emphasis> +A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68644D78A8FE1EF9AC" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bonapartii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68644D78A8FB46FA4D" box="[1126,1249,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. bonapartii</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861EA7B48FD4DF9AC" authority="(Baker) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[449,746,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachypoda"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861EA7B48FDE2F9AD" box="[449,581,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. brachypoda</emphasis> +(Baker) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862D97B48FBB1F9AC" authority="(Sodiro) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[754,1046,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachypus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862D97B48FCCEF9AD" box="[754,873,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. brachypus</emphasis> +(Sodiro) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68640C7B48FF77F98C" authority="(Hieron.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hieron." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brausei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68640C7B48FB24F9AD" box="[1063,1155,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. brausei</emphasis> +(Hieron.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860C57B68FD0CF98C" authority="(Abbiatti) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Abbiatti" box="[238,683,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burkartii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860C57B68FEFAF98D" box="[238,349,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. burkartii</emphasis> +(Abbiatti) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68629E7B68FBC5F98C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[693,1122,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68629E7B68FCA8F98C" box="[693,783,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. campii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864477B68FE00F9EC" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadasii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864477B68FB46F98D" box="[1132,1249,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. canadasii</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861847B08FD45F9EC" authority="(Hieron.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[431,738,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caucaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861847B08FD8CF9EC" box="[431,555,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. caucaensis</emphasis> +(Hieron.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862C17B08FF6BF9CC" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chaparensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862C17B08FCD7F9ED" box="[746,880,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. chaparensis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860F77B28FE6CF9CC" authority="(Kunze)" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[220,459,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cheilanthoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860F77B28FEDFF9CD" box="[220,376,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. cheilanthoides</emphasis> +(Kunze) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCA9B6861E57B2BFE47F9CC" box="[462,480,1634,1655]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +.LÖve & D. LÖve; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862AF7B28FBE2F9CC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[644,1093,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiriquiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862AF7B28FCA1F9CD" box="[644,774,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. chiriquiana</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68647E7B28FB46F9CD" box="[1109,1249,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="christensenii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68647E7B28FB46F9CD" box="[1109,1249,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. christensenii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCA9B6860AB7BCBFF35F92C" box="[128,146,1666,1687]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Chr. in Christ) Salino & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCA9B6861A27BC8FE3EF92D" box="[393,409,1665,1686]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">T</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCA9B6861B77BC8FE0BF92D" box="[412,428,1665,1686]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Almeida; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862327BC8FC85F92C" authority="(Sodiro) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[537,802,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cinerea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862327BC8FDD2F92C" box="[537,629,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. cinerea</emphasis> +(Sodiro) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6863017BC8FB79F92C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[810,1246,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cochaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863017BC8FC02F92D" box="[810,933,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. cochaensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860527BE8FD2AF90C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" box="[121,653,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocos"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860527BE8FF63F90C" box="[121,196,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. cocos</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68628B7BE8FBC7F90C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[672,1120,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comptula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68628B7BE8FCB6F90D" box="[672,785,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. comptula</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. 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Salino & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCD9B6F61A37DEBFE3FFF0C" box="[392,408,162,183]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">T</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCD9B6F61B07DEBFE0CFF0C" box="[411,427,162,183]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Almeida; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62247DEBFC64FF0C" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" box="[527,963,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decrescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62247DEBFD2FFF0D" box="[527,648,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. decrescens</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63F87DEBFF5EFF6C" authority="(Link) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Link" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decurtata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63F87DEBFBE3FF0D" box="[979,1092,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. decurtata</emphasis> +(Link) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F612B7D8BFD0EFF6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. 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Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" box="[377,926,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="delasotae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61527DABFE4FFF4D" box="[377,488,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. delasotae</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F638E7DABFF6AFEAC" authority="(Baker) Boudrie & Cremers" authorityName="Boudrie & Cremers" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="demerarana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F638E7DABFB8AFF4D" box="[933,1069,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. demerarana</emphasis> +(Baker) Boudrie & Cremers +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60FF7C4BFD55FEAC" authority="(C. Sanchez & Caluff) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Sanchez & Caluff" box="[212,754,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="denudata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60FF7C4BFEE5FEAD" box="[212,322,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. denudata</emphasis> +(C. Sánchez & Caluff) Salino & T.E.Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62D27C4BFB8FFEAC" authority="(Desv.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[761,1064,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diplazioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62D27C4BFCD8FEAD" box="[761,895,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. diplazioides</emphasis> +(Desv.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64057C4BFECCFE8C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dodsonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64057C4BFB34FEAD" box="[1070,1171,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A.dodsonii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61587C6BFCB2FE8C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60A47C2BFDE9FECC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[143,590,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euthythrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60A47C2BFEAFFECD" box="[143,264,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. euthythrix</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F627D7C2BFC4FFECC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. 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Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62F87C8BFBFCFE6C" authority="(Maxon) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon" box="[723,1115,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furva"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62F87C8BFCB9FE6D" box="[723,798,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. furva</emphasis> +(Maxon) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64467C8BFE17FE4C" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. 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Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[672,1175,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosolanosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F628B7CABFCFFFE4D" box="[672,856,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. glandulosolanosa</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F649F7CABFECCFDAC" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globulifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F649F7CABFF65FDAD" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. globulifera</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61587F48FCB4FDAC" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[371,787,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glutinosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61587F48FE79FDAD" box="[371,478,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. glutinosa</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63317F48FF78FD8C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gomeziana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63317F48FC31FDAC" box="[794,918,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. gomeziana</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60CE7F68FD33FD8C" authority="(Jenman) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Jenman" box="[229,660,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilenta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60CE7F68FEFEFD8D" box="[229,345,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A.gracilenta</emphasis> +(Jenman) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F628F7F68FC10FD8C" authority="(Heward) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Heward" box="[676,951,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F628F7F68FD58FD8D" box="[676,767,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. gracilis</emphasis> +(Heward) A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63ED7F68FB61FD8C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[966,1222,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grantii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63ED7F68FBBBFD8C" box="[966,1052,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. grantii</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F604A7F08FDB1FDEC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[97,534,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grayumii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F604A7F08FF6AFDEC" box="[97,205,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. grayumii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62037F08FCA1FDEC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[552,774,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hakgalensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62037F08FD0AFDED" box="[552,685,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. hakgalensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63247F08FB0BFDEC" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" box="[783,1196,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="harrisii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63247F08FCC8FDED" box="[783,879,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. harrisii</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F649F7F08FE57FDCC" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastiloba"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F649F7F08FF12FDCD" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. hastiloba</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61D37F28FDF4FDCD" box="[504,595,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCD9B6F61D37F28FDAEFDCD" box="[504,521,609,630]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. heineri +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCD9B6F624B7F2BFDD5FDCC" box="[608,626,610,631]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Chr.) Salino & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCD9B6F63247F2BFCB8FDCC" box="[783,799,610,631]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">T</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCD9B6F63097F2BFC95FDCC" box="[802,818,610,631]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Almeida; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F638B7F28FB60FDCC" authority="(Desv.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[928,1223,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F638B7F28FBBEFDCD" box="[928,1049,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. heteroclita</emphasis> +(Desv.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F605E7FC8FE07FD2C" authority="(Desv.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[117,416,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F605E7FC8FF5EFD2D" box="[117,249,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. heteroptera</emphasis> +(Desv.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61817FC8FCDCFD2C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[426,891,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hutchisonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61817FC8FD8DFD2D" box="[426,554,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. hutchisonii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63AD7FC8FF13FD0C" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydrophila"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63AD7FC8FBA3FD2D" box="[902,1028,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. hydrophila</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60ED7FE8FDE8FD0C" authority="(Christ) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[198,591,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illicita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60ED7FE8FEBDFD0D" box="[198,282,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. illicita</emphasis> +(Christ) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F627C7FE8FBBBFD0C" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" box="[599,1052,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inabonensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F627C7FE8FD79FD0D" box="[599,734,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. inabonensis</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64057FE8FEC8FD6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64057FE8FB01FD0C" box="[1070,1190,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. inaequans</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F615E7F88FC7AFD6C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[373,989,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequilateralis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F615E7F88FDBBFD6D" box="[373,540,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. inaequilateralis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63CF7F88FF5CFD4C" authority="(Mett.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Mett." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63CF7F88FBE5FD6C" box="[996,1090,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. insignis</emphasis> +(Mett.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61287FA8FD1FFD4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[259,696,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intromissa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61287FA8FEDAFD4C" box="[259,381,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. intromissa</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62EB7FA8FBEDFD4C" authority="(Brade) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Brade" box="[704,1098,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ireneae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62EB7FA8FCBAFD4C" box="[704,797,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. ireneae</emphasis> +(Brade) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64707FA8FE58FCAC" authority="(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jimenezii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64707FA8FB6EFD4C" box="[1115,1225,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. jimenezii</emphasis> +(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62307E48FC7FFCAC" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[539,984,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juergensii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62307E48FD28FCAC" box="[539,655,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. juergensii</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63CA7E48FEE7FC8C" authority="(de la Sota) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="de la Sota" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jujuyensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63CA7E48FBF0FCAC" box="[993,1111,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. jujuyensis</emphasis> +(de la Sota) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61627E68FC87FC8C" authority="(N. C. Anthony & Schelpe) Parris" authorityName="Parris" baseAuthorityName="N. C. Anthony & Schelpe" box="[329,800,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="knysnaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61627E68FE73FC8D" box="[329,468,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. knysnaensis</emphasis> +(N.C. Anthony & Schelpe) Parris +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63017E68FF13FCEC" authority="(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63017E68FC3EFC8D" box="[810,921,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. laevigata</emphasis> +(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60977E08FE2BFCEC" authority="A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[188,396,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60977E08FE93FCED" box="[188,308,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. lanceolata</emphasis> +A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61B87E08FC97FCEC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[403,816,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leoniae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61B87E08FE4AFCED" box="[403,493,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. leoniae</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F636A7E08FBFDFCEC" authority="(Hieron.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[833,1114,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lepidula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F636A7E08FC04FCED" box="[833,931,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. lepidula</emphasis> +(Hieron.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64417E08FF53FCCC" authority="(Sw.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Sw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="limbata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64417E08FB6EFCED" box="[1130,1225,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. limbata</emphasis> +(Sw.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60D77E28FEA1FCCD" box="[252,262,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F612D7E28FD96FCCC" authority="(C. Presl) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[262,561,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linkiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F612D7E28FECBFCCD" box="[262,364,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. linkiana</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62697E28FC49FCCC" authority="(Baker) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[578,1006,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicaulis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62697E28FD18FCCD" box="[578,703,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. longicaulis</emphasis> +(Baker) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63DC7E28FE9AFC2C" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63DC7E28FBD3FCCD" box="[1015,1140,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. longipilosa</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F616D7EC8FD59FC2C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[326,766,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F616D7EC8FE13FC2D" box="[326,436,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. longisora</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F633B7EC8FB0BFC2C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[784,1196,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loreae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F633B7EC8FCC5FC2D" box="[784,866,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. loreae</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F649F7EC8FDA7FC0C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loretensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F649F7EC8FF1FFC0D" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. loretensis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F623A7EE8FBCAFC0C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[529,1133,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lumbricoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F623A7EE8FD06FC0D" box="[529,673,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. lumbricoides</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F645E7EE8FE39FC6C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F645E7EE8FB6EFC0C" box="[1141,1225,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. macra</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F618E7E88FC48FC6C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[421,1007,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madidiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F618E7E88FD8BFC6D" box="[421,556,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. madidiensis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63D47E88FE9DFC4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malangae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63D47E88FBD7FC6D" box="[1023,1136,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. malangae</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61617EA8FDCCFC4C" authority="(E. Br.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="E. Br." box="[330,619,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="margaretae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61617EA8FE6BFC4C" box="[330,460,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. margaretae</emphasis> +(E. Br.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62577EA8FBF1FC4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[636,1110,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melanochlaena"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62577EA8FCB8FC4D" box="[636,799,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. melanochlaena</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64767EA8FEE2FBAC" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64767EA8FF31FBAD" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. membranifera</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61677948FCB2FBAC" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[332,789,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mertensioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61677948FE44FBAD" box="[332,483,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. mertensioides</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63377948FB61FBAC" authority="(Ching) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[796,1222,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="metteniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63377948FC3CFBAC" box="[796,923,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. metteniana</emphasis> +(Ching) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60417968FDA7FB8C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[106,512,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60417968FF66FB8D" box="[106,193,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. micula</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F622C7968FB82FB8C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[519,1061,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F622C7968FDC2FB8C" box="[519,613,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A.minima</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M.Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64077968FE28FBEC" authority="(C. V. Morton) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. V. Morton" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64077968FB30FB8D" box="[1068,1175,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. minutula</emphasis> +(C.V. Morton) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61BD7908FC3DFBEC" authority="(L. D. Gomez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Gomez" box="[406,922,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mombachensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61BD7908FD91FBED" box="[406,566,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. mombachensis</emphasis> +(L.D. Gómez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F638A7908FF46FBCC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mortonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F638A7908FBAEFBEC" box="[929,1033,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. mortonii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60C27928FD20FBCC" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[233,647,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mosenii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60C27928FEEEFBCC" box="[233,329,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. mosenii</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62BB7928FBE3FBCC" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" box="[656,1092,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62BB7928FCA2FBCD" box="[656,773,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. muscicola</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64677928FE31FB2C" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namaphila"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64677928FB6EFBCD" box="[1100,1225,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. namaphila</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61B579C8FC3EFB2C" authority="(Brade & Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Brade & Rosenst." box="[414,921,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neglecta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61B579C8FDA7FB2D" box="[414,512,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. neglecta</emphasis> +(Brade & Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F638A79C8FF47FB0C" authority="(Jenman) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Jenman" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="negligens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F638A79C8FBAAFB2D" box="[929,1037,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. negligens</emphasis> +(Jenman) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60C379E8FC8CFB0C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[232,811,1185,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nephelium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60C379E8FEC6FB0D" box="[232,353,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. nephelium</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F631879E8FB0BFB0C" authority="(Desv.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[819,1196,1185,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F631879E8FC23FB0C" box="[819,900,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. nitens</emphasis> +(Desv.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F649F79E8FE56FB6C" authority="(Jenman) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Jenman" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nockiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F649F79E8FF12FB6D" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. nockiana</emphasis> +(Jenman) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61DC7988FC2AFB6C" authority="(Brade) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Brade" box="[503,909,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novaeana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61DC7988FDCFFB6C" box="[503,616,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. novaeana</emphasis> +(Brade) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63B67988FF47FB4C" authority="(de la Sota) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="de la Sota" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nubicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63B67988FBA4FB6D" box="[925,1027,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A.nubicola</emphasis> +(de la Sota) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60C379A8FD3EFB4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[232,665,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nubigena"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60C379A8FEF2FB4D" box="[232,341,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. nubigena</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F628179A8FBC5FB4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[682,1122,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oaxacana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F628179A8FCBAFB4C" box="[682,797,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. oaxacana</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F644179A8FE9DFAAC" authority="(Bonap.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bonap." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odontosora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F644179A8FF2FFAAC" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. odontosora</emphasis> +(Bonap.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61657848FCE1FAAC" authority="(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[334,838,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61657848FE6FFAAD" box="[334,456,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. oligocarpa</emphasis> +(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63657848FE9DFA8C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophiorhizoma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63657848FC40FAAD" box="[846,999,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. ophiorhizoma</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61607868FDF2FA8C" authority="(Vahl) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Vahl" box="[331,597,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opposita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61607868FE17FA8C" box="[331,432,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. opposita</emphasis> +(Vahl) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F624D7868FC15FA8C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[614,946,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositiformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F624D7868FCA7FA8D" box="[614,768,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. oppositiformis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63E47868FEDFFAEC" authority="(Kunze ex Mett.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Mett." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachyrhachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63E47868FBC5FA8D" box="[975,1122,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pachyrhachis</emphasis> +(Kunze ex Mett.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61547808FC8CFAEC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[383,811,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paleacea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61547808FE4FFAED" box="[383,488,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. paleacea</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F636D7808FB0AFAEC" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[838,1197,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F636D7808FC3DFAED" box="[838,922,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. patula</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F649F7808FDA9FACC" authority="(Klotzsch) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pavoniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F649F7808FF66FACC" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pavoniana</emphasis> +(Klotzsch) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F623C7828FBECFACC" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[535,1099,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pelludia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F623C7828FDDDFACD" box="[535,634,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pelludia</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64787828FEBAFA2C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peradenia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64787828FB6FFACD" box="[1107,1224,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. peradenia</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F610E78C8FD45FA2C" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[293,738,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F610E78C8FE3BFA2C" box="[293,412,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. peruviana</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62C178C8FF12FA0C" authority="(C. Chr. & Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr. & Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phacelothrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62C178C8FCD0FA2D" box="[746,887,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. phacelothrix</emphasis> +(C. Chr. & Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F609478E8FCF3FA0C" authority="(Kuhn & Christ ex Krug) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Krug" box="[191,852,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physematioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F609478E8FECFFA0D" box="[191,360,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. physematioides</emphasis> +(Kuhn & Christ ex Krug) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F634C78E8FF13FA6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piedrensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F634C78E8FC78FA0D" box="[871,991,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. piedrensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60967888FDB9FA6C" authority="(C. V. Morton) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. V. Morton" box="[189,542,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60967888FE9CFA6D" box="[189,315,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pilosissima</emphasis> +(C.V. Morton) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F620D7888FCC5FA6C" authority="(Hook.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[550,866,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosohispida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F620D7888FD1FFA6D" box="[550,696,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pilosohispida</emphasis> +(Hook.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63587888FF3AFA4C" authority="(Klotzsch & H. Karst. ex Mett.)" baseAuthorityName="Mett." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosula"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63587888FC72FA6D" box="[883,981,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pilosula</emphasis> +(Klotzsch & H. Karst. ex Mett.) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCD9B6F608F78ABFF10FA4C" box="[164,183,1506,1527]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +. LÖve & D. LÖve; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F614678A8FCE2FA4C" authority="(Sehnem) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sehnem" box="[365,837,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pleiophylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F614678A8FE55FA4D" box="[365,498,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pleiophylla</emphasis> +(Sehnem) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F637B78A8FF13F9AC" authority="(Sehnem) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sehnem" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="podotricha"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F637B78A8FC75FA4D" box="[848,978,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. podotricha</emphasis> +(Sehnem) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60967B48FD29F9AC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[189,654,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="proboscidea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60967B48FEE4F9AD" box="[189,323,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. proboscidea</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62BC7B48FB9CF9AC" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" box="[663,1083,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="proctorii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62BC7B48FCA7F9AC" box="[663,768,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. proctorii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64687B48FE87F98C" authority="(Lellinger) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Lellinger" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prolatipedis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64687B48FB6EF9AD" box="[1091,1225,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. prolatipedis</emphasis> +(Lellinger) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F611B7B68FD02F98C" authority="(Kunze ex Mett.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[304,677,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ptarmica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F611B7B68FE3BF98C" box="[304,412,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. ptarmica</emphasis> +(Kunze ex Mett.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62877B68FF58F9EC" authority="(C. Chr. & Rosenst. ex Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ptarmiciformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62877B68FCE9F98D" box="[684,846,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. ptarmiciformis</emphasis> +(C. Chr. & Rosenst. ex Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F613A7B08FDE9F9EC" authority="(Klotzsch) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" box="[273,590,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pteroidea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F613A7B08FE24F9ED" box="[273,387,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pteroidea</emphasis> +(Klotzsch) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F624A7B08FCC4F9EC" authority="(Mett.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[609,867,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F624A7B08FD1CF9ED" box="[609,699,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. pusilla</emphasis> +(Mett.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63AB7B08FF13F9CC" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="raddii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63AB7B08FC74F9ED" box="[896,979,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. raddii</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60967B28FC23F9CC" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton ex C. V. Morton) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. V. Morton" box="[189,900,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="randallii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60967B28FE82F9CD" box="[189,293,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. randallii</emphasis> +(Maxon & C.V. Morton ex C.V. Morton) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63A77B28FF78F92C" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="recumbens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63A77B28FBA0F9CD" box="[908,1031,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. recumbens</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60C47BC8FDD8F92C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[239,639,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reducta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60C47BC8FEEBF92D" box="[239,332,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A.reducta</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62B17BC8FBEBF92C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[666,1100,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regnelliana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62B17BC8FCBFF92D" box="[666,792,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. regnelliana</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F64777BC8FEACF90C" authority="(Desv.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Desv." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64777BC8FB6DF92D" box="[1116,1226,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. resinifera</emphasis> +(Desv.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F613E7BE8FD11F90C" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[277,694,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F613E7BE8FEDEF90C" box="[277,377,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. retrorsa</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F62FE7BE8FBE1F90C" authority="(Sw.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[725,1094,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retusa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F62FE7BE8FC8DF90C" box="[725,810,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. retusa</emphasis> +(Sw.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F647A7BE8FE38F96C" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rheophyta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F647A7BE8FB6EF90D" box="[1105,1225,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. rheophyta</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61827B88FCF3F96C" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[425,852,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61827B88FDBFF96C" box="[425,536,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. rigescens</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63587B88FF13F94C" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rivularioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63587B88FBA2F96D" box="[883,1029,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. rivularioides</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F60957BA8FE4AF94C" authority="(Baker) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[190,493,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roraimensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F60957BA8FEE3F94C" box="[190,324,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. roraimensis</emphasis> +(Baker) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61DD7BA8FC1AF94C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[502,957,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosenstockii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61DD7BA8FDDAF94D" box="[502,637,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. rosenstockii</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63ED7BA8FE2FF8AC" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63ED7BA8FB8CF94D" box="[966,1067,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. rosulata</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F61A57A48FC9EF8AC" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[398,825,1793,1815]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rudiformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F61A57A48FDA0F8AD" box="[398,519,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A.rudiformis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6F63637A48FBE2F8AC" authority="(Kunze) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[840,1093,1793,1815]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rudis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F63637A48FC37F8AD" box="[840,912,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A.rudis</emphasis> +(Kunze) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCD9B6E64607A48FEF4FF0C" authority="(Poir.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Poir." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="27" order="Polypodiales" pageId="36" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCD9B6F64607A48FB2DF8AD" box="[1099,1162,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="26">A. rufa</emphasis> +(Poir.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61707DEBFCA8FF0C" authority="(Klotzsch) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" box="[347,783,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruiziana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61707DEBFE62FF0C" box="[347,453,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. ruiziana</emphasis> +(Klotzsch) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E633C7DEBFBE0FF0C" authority="(Klotzsch) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" box="[791,1095,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E633C7DEBFC25FF0C" box="[791,898,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. rupestris</emphasis> +(Klotzsch) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64737DEBFE2CFF6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64737DEBFB19FF0D" box="[1112,1214,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. rupicola</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61B87D8BFCA4FF6C" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[403,771,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rustica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61B87D8BFE4BFF6C" box="[403,492,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. rustica</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63207D8BFCDBFF6D" box="[779,892,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E63207D8BFCBBFF6C" box="[779,796,194,215]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. sabaensis +</emphasis> +** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63BE7D8BFB1DFF6C" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[917,1210,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salazica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63BE7D8BFC5DFF6D" box="[917,1018,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. salazica</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64E77D8BFF13FF4C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sancta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64E77D8BFF13FF4C" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. sancta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Pic.Serm.; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E616E7DABFCE9FF4C" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[325,846,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanctae-catharinae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E616E7DABFDABFF4D" box="[325,524,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. sanctae-catharinae</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63417DABFB79FF4C" authority="(Sw.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[874,1246,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saxicola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63417DABFC69FF4D" box="[874,974,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. saxicola</emphasis> +(Sw.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60A97C4BFE93FEAC" authority="(Christ)" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[130,308,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scalaris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60A97C4BFF45FEAD" box="[130,226,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. scalaris</emphasis> +(Christ) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E61137C4BFEEDFEAC" box="[312,330,258,279]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +. LÖve & D. LÖve; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61D97C4BFC30FEAC" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[498,919,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scalpturoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61D97C4BFD37FEAC" box="[498,656,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. scalpturoides (</emphasis> +Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63B57C4BFF6BFE8C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sellensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63B57C4BFBA5FEAD" box="[926,1026,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. sellensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60FF7C6BFD22FE8C" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[212,645,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semilunata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60FF7C6BFEF4FE8D" box="[212,339,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. semilunata</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62A77C6BFB26FE8C" authority="(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. Chr." box="[652,1153,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shaferi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62A77C6BFD42FE8D" box="[652,741,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. shaferi</emphasis> +(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64A37C6BFD3AFEEC" authority="(Salino & V. A. O. Dittrich) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino & V. A. O. Dittrich" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="soridepressa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64A37C6BFF14FEEC" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. soridepressa</emphasis> +(Salino & V.A.O. Dittrich) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E628C7C0BFB20FEEC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[679,1159,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steyermarkii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E628C7C0BFC90FEED" box="[679,823,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. steyermarkii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64BB7C0BFE66FECC" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stierii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64BB7C0BFB46FEEC" box="[1168,1249,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. stierii</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61E07C2BFCDAFECC" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[459,893,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="straminea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61E07C2BFDE6FECC" box="[459,577,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. straminea</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63AC7C2BFEF6FE2C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigillosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63AC7C2BFC5AFECD" box="[903,1021,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. strigillosa</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61727CCBFDC5FE2C" authority="(Willd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[345,610,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61727CCBFE1FFE2C" box="[345,440,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. strigosa</emphasis> +(Willd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E625F7CCBFBFAFE2C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[628,1117,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="struthiopteroides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E625F7CCBFC81FE2D" box="[628,806,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. struthiopteroides</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E644F7CCBFEB3FE0C" authority="A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subacrostichoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E644F7CCBFF1BFE0D" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. subacrostichoides</emphasis> +A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61317CEBFD42FE0C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[282,741,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subscandens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61317CEBFE02FE0D" box="[282,421,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. subscandens</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62C07CEBFB22FE0C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[747,1157,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62C07CEBFCE2FE0D" box="[747,837,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A.subtilis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64A07CEBFE05FE6C" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="supina"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64A07CEBFB46FE0C" box="[1163,1249,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. supina</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61837C8BFDDCFE6C" authority="(Christ)" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[424,635,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="supranitens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61837C8BFD8DFE6C" box="[424,554,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A.supranitens</emphasis> +(Christ) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E62557C8BFD37FE6C" box="[638,656,450,471]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +.LÖve & D. LÖve; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E631F7C8BFB1BFE6C" authority="(Christ) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[820,1212,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tablana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E631F7C8BFC35FE6D" box="[820,914,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. tablana</emphasis> +(Christ) Salino & T.E.Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64E77C8BFD81FE4C" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tamandarei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64E77C8BFF43FE4D" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. tamandarei</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62067CABFBC3FE4C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" box="[557,1124,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tapantensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62067CABFD09FE4C" box="[557,686,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. tapantensis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64477CABFE30FDAC" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenerrima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64477CABFB47FE4C" box="[1132,1248,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. tenerrima</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61807F48FD7AFDAC" authority="(Jenm.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Jenm." box="[427,733,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thomsonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61807F48FD84FDAD" box="[427,547,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. thomsonii</emphasis> +(Jenm.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62D77F48FB9AFDAC" authority="(Thouars) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Thouars" box="[764,1085,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62D77F48FCD0FDAC" box="[764,887,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. tomentosa</emphasis> +(Thouars) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64637F48FE10FD8C" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trelawniensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64637F48FB46FDAD" box="[1096,1249,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. trelawniensis</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61EA7F68FCDAFD8C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[449,893,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uncinata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61EA7F68FD8BFD8C" box="[449,556,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. uncinata</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63AC7F68FF6BFDEC" authority="(Hicken) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Hicken" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vattuonei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63AC7F68FC5EFD8C" box="[903,1017,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. vattuonei</emphasis> +(Hicken) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60FE7F08FD22FDEC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[213,645,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venturae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60FE7F08FE9AFDEC" box="[213,317,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. venturae</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62A67F08FB1CFDEC" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" box="[653,1211,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vernicosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62A67F08FD59FDEC" box="[653,766,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. vernicosa</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64E77F08FDBCFDCC" authority="(L. D. Gomez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Gomez" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64E77F08FF1FFDCD" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. villana</emphasis> +(L.D. Gómez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62097F28FBFEFDCC" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[546,1113,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yungensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62097F28FD32FDCC" box="[546,661,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. yungensis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64417F28FD8FFD2C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zurquiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64417F28FB47FDCC" box="[1130,1248,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. zurquiana</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E60837FE8FBFBFD4C" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E60837FE8FBFBFD4C" blockId="37.[121,1251,161,759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60837FE8FEE7FD0C" box="[168,320,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Excluded species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61767FE8FC73FD0C" authority="(C. Sanchez & Zavaro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Sanchez & Zavaro" box="[349,980,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acunae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61767FE8FDBDFD0C" box="[349,538,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta acunae</emphasis> +(C. Sánchez & Zavaro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E642A7FE8FE64FD6C" authority="(C. Sanchez & Zavaro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Sanchez & Zavaro" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oviedoae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E642A7FE8FBA8FD0D" box="[1025,1039,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64317FE8FBCDFD0D" box="[1050,1130,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">oviedoae</emphasis> +(C. Sánchez & Zavaro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +are misplaced in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62597F88FD4DFD6D" box="[626,746,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62597F88FD4DFD6D" box="[626,746,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(contrary to +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCC9B6E63407F8BFBBBFD6C" author="Salino" box="[875,1052,706,727]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salino" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" pagination="11 - 50" part="57" refId="ref113700" refString="SALINO, A., T. E. ALMEIDA, & A. R. SMITH. 2015. New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae. PhytoKeys 57: 11 - 50." title="New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2015">Salino et al., 2015</bibRefCitation> +); rather they belong in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60BA7FA8FEB5FD4D" box="[145,274,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60BA7FA8FEA9FD4D" box="[145,270,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pelazoneuron</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and the latter is likely a sterile hybrid. We do not recognize them, pending further study. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCB9B68604A79F3FBCBFB6C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCB9B68604A79F3FBCBFB6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..62e04082264 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCB9B68604A79F3FBCBFB6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +<document id="691FF30CBEC4B87D879928C74376151A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCB9B68604A79F3FBCBFB6C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amauropelta (Amauropelta)" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="48B20B7934EDA992B6C47E524C7FD7C5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="01920F2428B76744EA27DFE08C2258F5"> +<mods:title id="8119922CBC3A98220CE56E2A1BDE6B72">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="94984F01551A689B730D7B92F29086C9" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7724D221A9DBD92187693F1412200BA5"> +<mods:roleTerm id="024F9B0C5CD5345B492DD8786EE62021">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="126505C97E02612F704694AAED2FECC1">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="7CDBA18E654997E98119868E2D9CC9BE" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="4E0AD272370FFCD892DB15B5854A5BC0"> +<mods:roleTerm id="E15DBD390D24C6140DE219B46AFFB647">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="CD8D85992E61DD503193761FD6B35953">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="8C99D88EF77B61EAC3CCF04E8D4C4717">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="3D89959A17F30AA0E5EB257E16627DB4"> +<mods:dateIssued id="DC3A2B0E8E222988ADE11CF62644D856">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="D1B1E2AC5DBB004ECBD9EF2F9ABEBA32">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="CDBEED46545525CC37736041C540ED36"> +<mods:placeTerm id="70ED75324FCCF970999C1902A15ACD6B">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="6C0360A762938413EA755F99C2D43167">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFCB9B68604A79F3FBCBFB6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076122" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076122" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFCB9B68604A79F3FBCBFB6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFCB9B68604A79F3FBCBFB6C" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B69604A79F3FE00FB74" box="[97,423,1210,1231]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B69604A79F3FE00FB74" blockId="34.[97,423,1210,1231]" box="[97,423,1210,1231]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFCB9B69604A79F3FE00FB74" bold="true" box="[97,423,1210,1231]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" reason="2"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B69604A79F3FE00FB74" authority="subg. Amauropelta" box="[97,423,1210,1231]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amauropelta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69604A79F3FF41FB74" bold="true" box="[97,230,1210,1231]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69610979F3FE00FB74" bold="true" box="[290,423,1210,1231]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B69604A79ADFD86FAA1" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B69604A79ADFD86FAA1" blockId="34.[97,1226,1252,1786]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69604A79ADFF71FB42" box="[97,214,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6960FD79ADFDA4FB42" authority="subg. Amauropelta" box="[214,515,1252,1274]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amauropelta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960FD79ADFEE8FB42" box="[214,335,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961A779ADFDA4FB42" box="[396,515,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may be distinguished from other subgenera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6963E379ADFB98FB42" box="[968,1087,1252,1273]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963E379ADFB98FB42" box="[968,1087,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69644B79ACFBCCFB41" box="[1120,1131,1253,1274]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">x</emphasis> += 29, and rhizomes typically erect, and> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCB9B6961A2784CFE66FAA2" box="[393,449,1284,1306]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +diameter. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B6960BA786DFD5DF9C1" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960BA786DFBD8FA62" blockId="34.[97,1226,1252,1786]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960BA786DFDB0FA82" box="[145,535,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961B4786DFDB0FA82" box="[415,535,1316,1337]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amauropelta</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is the largest genus within the family, and subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6963D0786DFBD4FA82" box="[1019,1139,1316,1337]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963D0786DFBD4FA82" box="[1019,1139,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is by far its largest subgenus, with 223 of the 233 species recognized here ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B6962F5780CFC3EFAE1" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[734,921,1348,1370]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B696389780CFBE1FAE1" author="Salino" box="[930,1094,1348,1370]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salino" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 50" part="57" refId="ref113700" refString="SALINO, A., T. E. ALMEIDA, & A. R. SMITH. 2015. New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae. PhytoKeys 57: 11 - 50." title="New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2015">Salino et al. 2015</bibRefCitation> +) ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFCB9B696470780CFB37FAE1" box="[1115,1168,1349,1370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B696470780CFB37FAE1" bold="true" box="[1115,1168,1349,1370]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). The greatest center of diversity in the Neotropics is in the South American Andes, but important secondary centers are in the Antilles, Mesoamerica, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCB9B69615D78CCFE78FA21" box="[374,479,1413,1434]" name="Venezuela" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +, and southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCB9B69625C78CCFD12FA21" box="[631,693,1413,1434]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry> +. It is likely that there remain dozens of undescribed species, especially in Andean countries— +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCB9B69622A78ECFDC3FA01" box="[513,612,1445,1466]" name="Colombia" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCB9B6962AD78ECFD6AFA01" box="[646,717,1445,1466]" name="Bolivia" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +—and it is evident that much of the speciation has occurred concomitant with the recent uplift of the Andes. Species are found from near sea level to over +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCB9B696405788CFBDDFA62" box="[1070,1146,1476,1498]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6960BA78ACFD5DF9C1" blockId="34.[97,1226,1252,1786]" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +Members of this subgenus are globally distributed, representing complex biogeographical patterns (see below). Species of subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961287B4DFEDCF9A2" box="[259,379,1540,1561]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961287B4DFEDCF9A2" box="[259,379,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are found generally in primary, undisturbed forests, partially disturbed forests, forest margins, and even sometimes in open areas; occasionally they grow on rocks, and on streamsides, where they tend to have smaller, more streamlined blades and can be considered rheophytes (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6963797B0DFC00F9E1" box="[850,935,1604,1626]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sancta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963797B0DFC00F9E1" box="[850,935,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. sancta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCB9B6963917B0CFC6DF9E1" box="[954,970,1605,1626]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +few species are weedy and found especially along roadsides, trails, and wet ditches (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B69628E7B2DFD4BF9C2" box="[677,748,1636,1657]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rudis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B69628E7B2DFD4BF9C2" box="[677,748,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. rudis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCB9B6860BA7BCDFBCBFB6C" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCB9B6860BA7BCDFCF7FE8C" blockId="34.[97,1226,1252,1786]" lastBlockId="35.[121,1251,161,1815]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="34" pageNumber="24"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960BA7BCDFE45F922" box="[145,482,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—The African and Pacific island species of subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6963957BCDFB92F922" box="[958,1077,1668,1689]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963957BCDFB92F922" box="[958,1077,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +represented by molecular data are nested within the neotropical radiation ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B6962A57BECFCE3F901" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[654,836,1700,1722]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B6963607BECFC4FF901" author="Patel" box="[843,1000,1700,1722]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et. al. in press). These include one species in Hawaii ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6961EF7B8DFD41F961" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[452,742,1732,1754]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globulifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6961EF7B8DFD99F962" box="[452,574,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. globulifera</emphasis> +(Brack.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +) and two in Polynesia ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6963EF7B8DFB61F961" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[964,1222,1732,1754]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grantii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6963EF7B8DFBBCF962" box="[964,1051,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. grantii</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, Society Isl.; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCB9B6960F97BADFD97F941" authority="(E. D. Brown) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="E. D. Brown" box="[210,560,1764,1786]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="margaretae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCB9B6960F97BADFEF3F941" box="[210,340,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="24">A. margaretae</emphasis> +(E.D. Brown) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, from Rapa) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCB9B69629B7BACFCE2F941" author="Holttum" box="[688,837,1765,1786]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="34" pageNumber="24" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +). There are also nine species in southern and tropical Africa and offshore islands in the Indian Ocean: the six treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6863A37DEBFB8DFF0C" author="Holttum" box="[904,1066,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +plus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68644B7DEBFE85FF6C" authority="(Bonap.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bonap." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odontosora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68644B7DEBFB46FF0D" box="[1120,1249,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. odontosora</emphasis> +(Bonap.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +from the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B6861AB7D8BFE55FF6C" box="[384,498,194,215]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861D17D8BFC87FF6C" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[506,800,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salazica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861D17D8BFDC7FF6D" box="[506,608,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. salazica</emphasis> +(Holttum) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B6863767D8BFC08FF6C" box="[861,943,194,215]" name="Réunion" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Réunion</collectingCountry> +and initially placed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6864A47D8BFF66FF4C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860F57DA8FECFFF4D" box="[222,360,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860F57DA8FECFFF4D" box="[222,360,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861B77DA8FC6DFF4C" authority="(N. C. Anthony & Schelpe) Parris" authorityName="Parris" baseAuthorityName="N. C. Anthony & Schelpe" box="[412,970,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="knysnaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861B77DA8FD21FF4D" box="[412,646,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta knysnaensis</emphasis> +(N.C. Anthony & Schelpe) Parris +</taxonomicName> +, from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B68642E7DABFB27FF4C" box="[1029,1152,226,247]" name="South Africa" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">South Africa</collectingCountry> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCA9B6864A37DABFB3FFF4C" box="[1160,1176,226,247]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +species described from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B68613A7C4BFED6FEAC" box="[273,369,258,279]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861507C4BFDFCFEAC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[379,603,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hakgalensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861507C4BFDA6FEAD" box="[379,513,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. hakgalensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +, is related to the neotropical species +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6863947C4BFB9EFEAD" box="[959,1081,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863947C4BFB9EFEAD" box="[959,1081,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">A. oligocarpa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press) and may be an escape from cultivation in the botanical garden nearby. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCA9B68608C7C0BFCF0FD2C" blockId="35.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="25"> +The neotropical species, treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6861DF7C0BFDCFFEEC" author="Smith" box="[500,616,322,343]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="83 - 95" part="64" refId="ref114197" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1974. A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta. Amer. Fern J. 64: 83 - 95." title="A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta" type="journal article" year="1974">Smith (1974</bibRefCitation> +, 1982, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6862827C0BFD7DFEEC" author="Smith" box="[681,730,322,343]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation> +) as subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68631F7C08FC0CFEED" box="[820,939,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68631F7C08FC0CFEED" box="[820,939,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6863D87C08FBFCFEED" box="[1011,1115,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863D87C08FBFCFEED" box="[1011,1115,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCA9B6864747C08FBD0FEEC" box="[1119,1143,321,343]" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864747C08FBD5FEED" box="[1119,1138,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, have been recognized as a natural group for more than a century ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6862A07C2BFC91FECC" author="Christensen" box="[651,822,354,375]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="247 - 336" part="4" refId="ref107663" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1907. Revision of the American species of Dryopteris of the group of D. opposita. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 4: 247 - 336." title="Revision of the American species of Dryopteris of the group of D. opposita. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1907">Christensen 1907</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6863147C2BFCC9FECC" author="Christensen" box="[831,878,354,375]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation> +) and treated (usually as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864737C28FB19FECD" box="[1112,1214,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864737C28FB19FECD" box="[1112,1214,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) in floristic accounts for many countries, e.g., +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B68620E7CCBFDC8FE2C" box="[549,623,386,407]" name="Mexico" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6862577CCBFCFAFE2C" author="Mickel & Smith" box="[636,861,386,407]" firstAuthor="Mickel" journalOrPublisher="Mem. New York Bot. Gard." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 1054" part="88" refId="ref112052" refString="MICKEL, J. T. & A. R. SMITH. 2004. The pteridophytes of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 1 - 1054." title="The pteridophytes of Mexico" type="journal article" year="2004">Mickel & Smith 2004</bibRefCitation> +), Mesoamerica ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B68642B7CCBFB26FE2C" author="Smith" box="[1024,1153,386,407]" editor="Davidse, G." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. Pp" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="164 - 195" refId="ref114536" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1995 a. Thelypteridaceae. In: Davidse, G., ed., Flora Mesoamericana. Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. Pp. 164 - 195." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora Mesoamericana. Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Smith 1995a</bibRefCitation> +), +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B6864B87CCBFB46FE2C" box="[1171,1249,386,407]" name="Jamaica" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Jamaica</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6860547CEBFEA1FE0C" author="Proctor" box="[127,262,418,439]" firstAuthor="Proctor" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London, UK" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" refId="ref113097" refString="PROCTOR, G. R. 1985. Ferns of Jamaica. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK." title="Ferns of Jamaica" type="book" year="1985">Proctor 1985</bibRefCitation> +), +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B6861337CEBFE28FE0C" box="[280,399,418,439]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6861B67CEBFD83FE0C" author="Proctor" box="[413,548,418,439]" firstAuthor="Proctor" journalOrPublisher="Mem. New York Bot. Gard." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 389" part="53" refId="ref113120" refString="PROCTOR, G. R. 1989. Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 53: 1 - 389." title="Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands" type="journal article" year="1989">Proctor 1989</bibRefCitation> +), Lesser Antilles ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6862F27CEBFCC7FE0C" author="Proctor" box="[729,864,418,439]" firstAuthor="Proctor" journalOrPublisher="Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, U. S. A" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" refId="ref113055" refString="PROCTOR, G. R. 1977. Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. Vol. II. Pteridophyta. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, U. S. A." title="Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. Vol. II. Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1977">Proctor 1977</bibRefCitation> +), Venezuelan Guayana ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6864787CEBFB71FE0C" author="Smith" box="[1107,1238,418,439]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Botanical Garden, Timber Press, St. Louis and Portland, U. S. A" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" refId="ref114582" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1995 b. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes, Spermatophytes, Acanthaceae - Araceae. Missouri Botanical Garden, Timber Press, St. Louis and Portland, U. S. A." title="Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes, Spermatophytes, Acanthaceae - Araceae" type="book" year="1995" yearSuffix="b">Smith 1995b</bibRefCitation> +), +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B6860527C8BFF6DFE6C" box="[121,202,450,471]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Ecuador</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6860FC7C8BFEEEFE6C" author="Smith" box="[215,329,450,471]" editor="Harling, G. & Sparre, B." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Swedish Research Council, Stockholm, Sweden. Pp" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref114304" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1983. Polypodiaceae - Thelypteridoideae [Family 14 (4)]. In Harling, G. & Sparre, B., eds., Flora of Ecuador, No. 18. Swedish Research Council, Stockholm, Sweden. Pp. 1 - 148." title="Polypodiaceae - Thelypteridoideae [Family 14" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora of Ecuador" year="1983">Smith 1983</bibRefCitation> +), +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B6861717C8BFE20FE6C" box="[346,391,450,471]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Peru</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6861BF7C8BFDA0FE6C" author="Smith" box="[404,519,450,471]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana, Bot." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 80" part="29" refId="ref114420" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1992. Pteridophyta of Peru, Part. III, 16. Thelypteridaceae. Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 1 - 80." title="Pteridophyta of Peru, Part. III, 16. Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1992">Smith 1992</bibRefCitation> +), and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCA9B6862697C8BFD22FE6C" box="[578,645,450,471]" name="Bolivia" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6862B97C8BFCCAFE6C" author="Smith & Kessler" box="[658,877,450,471]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 34" part="331" refId="ref114664" refString="SMITH, A. R. & M. KESSLER. 2017. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae. Phytotaxa 331: 1 - 34." title="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2017">Smith & Kessler 2017</bibRefCitation> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6863577C8BFC5DFE6C" author="Smith" box="[892,1018,450,471]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="83 - 95" part="64" refId="ref114197" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1974. A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta. Amer. Fern J. 64: 83 - 95." title="A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta" type="journal article" year="1974">Smith (1974)</bibRefCitation> +divided them into nine sections, based on morphological characters of the rhizomes, stipes, aerophores, buds, blade shape, sori, and indusia (or lack thereof). Some of these sections correspond to clades within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6863247F48FC2EFDAD" box="[783,905,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863247F48FC2EFDAD" box="[783,905,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, e.g., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863EF7F48FBB8FDAD" box="[964,1055,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Uncinella</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864077F48FB09FDAD" box="[1068,1198,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Lepidoneuron</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860527F68FF48FD8D" box="[121,239,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860527F68FF48FD8D" box="[121,239,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but all will need either +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861FA7F6BFDAAFD8C" box="[465,525,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName> +adjustments or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862887F6BFD7CFD8C" box="[675,731,546,567]" genus="The" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +recircumscriptions as a result of recent molecular data ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6860547F0BFE9BFDEC" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[127,316,578,599]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +, Alvarez-Fuentes 2010, Fawcett et al. in press). Within subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6863A27F08FC58FDED" box="[905,1023,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863A27F08FC58FDED" box="[905,1023,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, molecular sampling is still inadequate to arrive at any meaningful infrageneric boundaries, with 59 of about 233 species sequenced by Fawcett et al. (in press), and an additional 14 species sampled by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6862A77FCBFCF4FD2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[652,851,642,663]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCA9B6860827FEBFE5AFBAC" blockId="35.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="25"> +In broadly based molecular analyses, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68623C7FE8FD16FD0C" box="[535,689,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68623C7FE8FD29FD0D" box="[535,654,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Amauropelta</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCA9B6862BF7FEBFD16FD0C" box="[660,689,674,695]" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +is either sister to, or intercalated with, species previously treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860F27F88FEC4FD6D" box="[217,355,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860F27F88FEC4FD6D" box="[217,355,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, from eastern Asia and North America, though with low support. The relationship among the four subgenera is not well resolved (e.g., in the coalescent analysis of Fawcett et al. in press), but each is monophyletic, as is the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860D27E48FED3FCAD" box="[249,372,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860D27E48FED3FCAD" box="[249,372,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCA9B6861507E48FE32FCAC" box="[379,405,769,791]" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861507E48FE28FCAD" box="[379,399,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +This combined clade is part of a larger clade that also includes +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864347E48FB12FCAD" box="[1055,1205,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864347E48FB12FCAD" box="[1055,1205,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860527E68FEA4FC8D" box="[121,259,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860527E68FF58FC8D" box="[121,255,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coryphopteris</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +the ‘ACMP’ clade sensu +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6861C17E6BFD03FC8C" author="He & Zhang" box="[490,676,802,823]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang (2012)</bibRefCitation> +or amauropeltoid clade sensu +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6863EC7E6BFB29FC8C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[967,1166,802,823]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation> +, Fawcett et al. (in press). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861317E08FE09FCED" box="[282,430,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861317E08FE09FCED" box="[282,430,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861CA7E08FDCEFCED" box="[481,617,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861CA7E08FDCEFCED" box="[481,617,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are each monophyletic when certain species heretofore treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860BF7E28FE81FCCD" box="[148,294,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860BF7E28FE81FCCD" box="[148,294,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861CF7E28FDC9FCCD" box="[484,622,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861CF7E28FDC9FCCD" box="[484,622,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. All members of the amauropeltoid clade have free veins (not anastomosing to forming an excurrent vein to the sinus), usually rather thin-textured blades, sessile or resinous glands on the blades of many spp., and indusiate sori with round-reniform indusia (except many subgroups within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68644F7EE8FB7DFC0D" box="[1124,1242,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68644F7EE8FB7DFC0D" box="[1124,1242,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, where indusia have been lost, probably along multiple evolutionary lines; see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B6863787E8BFC65FC6C" author="Smith" box="[851,962,962,983]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFCA9B6863787E8BFC2AFC6C" box="[851,909,962,983]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Smith</collectingRegion> +1990 +</bibRefCitation> +). Although +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68641B7E88FB1CFC6D" box="[1072,1211,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68641B7E88FB1CFC6D" box="[1072,1211,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has long been recognized as a distinct genus, expanding the concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68632E7EA8FCDBFC4D" box="[773,892,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68632E7EA8FCDBFC4D" box="[773,892,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to include part of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864057EA8FB1EFC4D" box="[1070,1209,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864057EA8FB1EFC4D" box="[1070,1209,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has recently gained favor ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B686160794BFE55FBAC" author="Chang" box="[331,498,1026,1047]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chang" journalOrPublisher="Taiwania" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="367 - 395" part="64" refId="ref107176" refString="CHANG, H. M., C. W. CHEN, Y. M. HUANG, F. W. LI, Y. F. HUANG, W. SHAO, LU, P. F., C. W. CHEN, Y. H. CHANG, & W. L. CHIOU. 2019. Updating Taiwanese pteridophyte checklist: a new phylogenetic classification. Taiwania 64: 367 - 395." title="Updating Taiwanese pteridophyte checklist: a new phylogenetic classification" type="journal article" year="2019">Chang et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCA9B686082796BFBCBFB6C" blockId="35.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="25"> +Outside of the amauropeltoid clade, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862217968FD08FB8C" box="[522,687,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862217968FD26FB8D" box="[522,641,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +spp. +</taxonomicName> +are similar to the more distantly related +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6864107968FB7DFB8D" box="[1083,1242,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6864107968FB7DFB8D" box="[1083,1242,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which also has free veins, and many pairs of gradually reduced proximal pinnae. Historically, many species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6860527928FF57FBCD" box="[121,240,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6860527928FF57FBCD" box="[121,240,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +acquired names in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861807928FDA5FBCD" box="[427,514,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Aspidium</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862267928FDD8FBCD" box="[525,639,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Nephrodium</emphasis> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862A1792BFD4AFBCC" box="[650,749,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862A1792BFD4AFBCC" box="[650,749,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Dryopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B686309792BFCC0FBCC" box="[802,871,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Lastrea</emphasis> +, the last an illegitimate name now considered to be a synonym of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6861BA79C8FD23FB2C" authority="(Holub 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Holub" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[401,644,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6861BA79C8FE51FB2D" box="[401,502,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Oreopteris</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B68622F79CBFDD9FB2C" author="Holub" box="[516,638,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="Holub" journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobot. Phytotax." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="33 - 53" part="4" refId="ref110177" refString="HOLUB, J. 1969. Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 4: 33 - 53." title="Oreopteris, a new genus of the family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Holub 1969</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, native to north-temperate areas (which see for discussion). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B68605279E8FF7DFB0D" baseAuthorityName="Holub" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[121,218,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B68605279E8FF7DFB0D" box="[121,218,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also has reduced proximal pinnae similar to many +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862EC79E8FCCBFB0D" box="[711,876,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862EC79E8FC99FB0D" box="[711,830,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +spp. +</taxonomicName> +, but +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6863B179EBFC02FB0C" box="[922,933,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">x</emphasis> += 34, different spore ornamentation (echinate or winged vs. reticulate and perforate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCA9B6862547988FD52FB6D" box="[639,757,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCA9B6862547988FD52FB6D" box="[639,757,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="25">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B68632B798BFCC8FB6C" author="Wood" box="[768,879,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Wood" journalOrPublisher="J. Linn. Soc. Bot." pageId="35" pageNumber="25" pagination="191 - 202" part="67" refId="ref115815" refString="WOOD, C. C. 1973. Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 67: 191 - 202." title="Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wood 1973</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCA9B68635C7988FBC6FB6C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[887,1121,1217,1239]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="35" pageNumber="25" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCC9B6E605278DBFE10F8B9.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCC9B6E605278DBFE10F8B9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a27f47ebc4e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCC9B6E605278DBFE10F8B9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +<document id="E68BB4A7F9E5592F963511AAE289BBF6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCC9B6E605278DBFE10F8B9" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amauropelta (Parathelypteris) S. 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Ito) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="H. Ito" box="[121,762,1426,1447]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parathelypteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E605278DBFF59FA1C" bold="true" box="[121,254,1426,1447]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E611178DBFE70FA1C" bold="true" box="[314,471,1426,1447]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +(H. Ito) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E632A78D8FCCBFA1D" bold="true" box="[769,876,1425,1446]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">comb. nov.</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E634778DBFD33FA4C" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E634778DBFD33FA4C" blockId="37.[121,1249,1425,1527]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63A878DCFB3BFA1E" authority="H. Ito" authorityName="H. Ito" box="[899,1180,1429,1446]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Parathelypteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63A878DCFC72FA1D" box="[899,981,1429,1446]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63D478DCFBCAFA1D" box="[1023,1133,1429,1446]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +H. Ito +</taxonomicName> +in Nakai & Honda, Nov.Fl. +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFCC9B6E616D78F9FE1DFA7A" box="[326,442,1456,1473]" journal="Jap." page="127" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" score="0.06610328546288861" volume="4" year="1939"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFCC9B6E616D78F9FEC7FA7B" box="[326,352,1456,1472]" country="Micronesia" name="Yap" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Jap</collectingRegion> +. 4:127.1939 +</bibCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61FA78F9FD0BFA7A" authority="(H. Ito) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="H. Ito" box="[465,684,1456,1473]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61FA78F9FD98FA7A" box="[465,575,1456,1473]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +(H.Ito) Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E629478F9FB0EFA7B" authority="(H. Ito) R. M. Tryon & A. F. Tryon" authorityName="R. M. Tryon & A. F. Tryon" baseAuthorityName="H. Ito" box="[703,1193,1456,1473]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parathelypteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E629478F9FCB6FA7A" box="[703,785,1456,1473]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E636A78F9FC08FA7A" box="[833,943,1456,1473]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Parathelypteris</emphasis> +(H.Ito) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon +</taxonomicName> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCC9B6E649778F9FB7BFA7B" box="[1212,1244,1456,1472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E649778F9FB7BFA7B" box="[1212,1244,1456,1472]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60927883FD87FA67" authority="(Kunze) Y. H. Chang" authorityName="Y. H. Chang" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[185,544,1482,1500]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glanduligera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60927883FEDCFA60" box="[185,379,1482,1499]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta glanduligera</emphasis> +(Kunze) Y.H. Chang +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E621D7883FC6DFA67" authority="Kunze, Analecta Pteridogr." authorityName="Kunze, Analecta Pteridogr." box="[566,970,1482,1500]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glanduligerum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E621D7883FD48FA60" box="[566,751,1482,1499]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Aspidium glanduligerum</emphasis> +Kunze, Analecta Pteridogr. +</taxonomicName> +44. 1837]— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E64017883FE8EFA4C" authority="(Kunze) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glanduligera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64017883FB46FA60" box="[1066,1249,1482,1499]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Thelypteris glanduligera</emphasis> +(Kunze) Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E611678ACFD33FA4C" authority="(Kunze) Y. H. Chang" authorityName="Y. H. Chang" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[317,660,1509,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glanduligera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E611678ACFE5FFA4D" box="[317,504,1509,1526]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta glanduligera</emphasis> +(Kunze) Y.H. Chang +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E60527B45FC45F99A" box="[121,994,1548,1570]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E60527B45FC45F99A" blockId="37.[121,1250,1548,1794]" box="[121,994,1548,1570]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60527B45FF46F99A" box="[121,225,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61307B44FEE2F999" box="[283,325,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">para</emphasis> +, beside + +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61897B45FDAEF99A" box="[418,521,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61897B45FDAEF99A" box="[418,521,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E623F7B44FD83F999" box="[532,548,1549,1570]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +genus similar to, but distinct from, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E635F7B45FC7CF99A" box="[884,987,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E635F7B45FC7CF99A" box="[884,987,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E60827B64FB3DF939" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E60827B64FB3DF939" blockId="37.[121,1250,1548,1794]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60827B64FEA8F9F9" box="[169,271,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—Plants of temperate, or subtropical montane +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCC9B6E62C07B65FCECF9F9" box="[747,843,1580,1602]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">East Asia</collectingCountry> +, winter-deciduous with thin, branching long-creeping rhizomes, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E614F7B04FEC8F9D9" box="[356,367,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">x</emphasis> += 27, 31. In addition to biogeographical distribution, the members of this genus can usually be distinguished from the other subgenera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62277B25FD24F93A" box="[524,643,1644,1665]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62277B25FD24F93A" box="[524,643,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by proximal pinnae typically abruptly- or little reduced. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E60827BC5FE10F8B9" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E60827BC5FE10F8B9" blockId="37.[121,1250,1548,1794]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60827BC5FE06F91A" box="[169,417,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—This clade includes about six species, of continental +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCC9B6E63967BC5FBBCF919" box="[957,1051,1676,1698]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">East Asia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCC9B6E640E7BC4FBC8F919" box="[1061,1135,1677,1698]" name="Taiwan" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCC9B6E64527BC5FB15F91A" box="[1145,1202,1676,1697]" name="Japan" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Japan</collectingCountry> +, and south to the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCC9B6E60D27BE4FECAF979" box="[249,365,1709,1730]" name="Philippines" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Philippines</collectingCountry> +. Recent studies have demonstrated remarkable cytological complexity among its species ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCC9B6E60547B84FE9FF959" author="Nakato" box="[127,312,1740,1762]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nakato" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="37" pageNumber="27" pagination="63 - 76" part="53" refId="ref112353" refString="NAKATO, N., N. SAHASHI, & M. KATO. 2002. Cytotaxonomic studies of Thelypteris angustifrons complex (Thelypteridaceae). Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 53: 63 - 76." title="Cytotaxonomic studies of Thelypteris angustifrons complex (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2002">Nakato et al. 2002</bibRefCitation> +), with diploids, triploids, tetraploids, hypotetraploids, hexaploids, and hyperhexaploids known from the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60E47BA5FEFDF8BA" box="[207,346,1772,1793]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60E47BA5FEFDF8BA" box="[207,346,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">A. angustifrons</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +complex. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCC9B6E60527981FC6FFB4E.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCC9B6E60527981FC6FFB4E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..37d7845a701 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCC9B6E60527981FC6FFB4E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="2A3098EE09823B67F2264F930534A89A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCC9B6E60527981FC6FFB4E" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amauropelta nevadensis S. 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Sm., +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62E379B5FC90FAAA" bold="true" box="[712,823,1276,1297]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">comb. nov.</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E631C79B4FC37FA97" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E631C79B4FC37FA97" blockId="37.[121,1251,1186,1324]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFCC9B6E631C79B4FC37FA97" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E631C79B4FBB2FAAA" box="[823,1045,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E637B7849FBB2FAAA" ID-CoL="8R3JJ" box="[848,1045,1280,1297]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracense">Polypodium noveboracense</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +L., Sp. +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFCC9B6E647B7849FB6DFAAA" author="" box="[1104,1226,1280,1297]" journal="Pl." page="1091" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="2" year="1753"> +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFCC9B6E647B7849FB6DFAAA" box="[1104,1226,1280,1297]" journal="Pl." page="1091" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="2" year="1753">Pl. 2:1091. 1753</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60927853FE30FA90" ID-CoL="8R3JF" box="[185,407,1306,1323]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60927853FE30FA90" box="[185,407,1306,1323]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Parathelypteris noveboracensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Ching— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61D77853FD18FA90" ID-CoL="8R3QM" box="[508,703,1306,1323]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61D77853FD18FA90" box="[508,703,1306,1323]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Thelypteris noveboracensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Nieuwl.( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFCC9B6E630C7852FC22FA97" box="[807,901,1307,1324]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. 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Fawc. & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E6472780BFBCCFAEC" box="[1113,1131,1346,1367]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E6444780BFB27FAEC" box="[1135,1152,1346,1367]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">R</collectionCode> +.Sm ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFCC9B6E649A780BFF1CFACC" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E625F7E58FD7AFC9D" bold="true" box="[628,733,785,806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCC9B6E625F7E58FD7AFC9D" box="[628,733,785,806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" rank="subGenus">subg. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E62F67E5BFC74FCFA" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E62F67E5BFC74FCFA" blockId="37.[121,1249,785,833]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCC9B6E62DF7E5CFCB2FC9E" box="[756,789,789,805]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E62DF7E5CFCB2FC9E" box="[756,789,789,805]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63347E5CFC53FC9D" box="[799,1012,789,806]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63347E5CFC53FC9D" box="[799,1012,789,806]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta noveboracensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E64377E5FFB80FC9C" box="[1052,1063,790,807]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E64027E5FFB90FC9C" box="[1065,1079,790,807]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Fawc. & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E64AC7E5FFB31FC9C" box="[1159,1174,790,807]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E64B27E5FFB00FC9C" box="[1177,1191,790,807]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">R</collectionCode> +. Sm. [= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E60927E79FEDDFCFA" box="[185,378,816,833]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60927E79FEDDFCFA" box="[185,378,816,833]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Polypodium noveboracense</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L., Sp. +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFCC9B6E61847E79FD83FCFA" box="[431,548,816,833]" journal="Pl." page="1091" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="2" year="1753">Pl.2:1091.1753</bibCitation> +.]— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62147E79FCA6FCFA" box="[575,769,816,833]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62147E79FCA6FCFA" box="[575,769,816,833]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Thelypteris noveboracensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Nieuwl.( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFCC9B6E63417E79FC60FCFA" box="[874,967,816,833]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63417E79FC60FCFA" bold="true" box="[874,967,816,833]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Figs. 6B, 6C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E60527E1EFCD0FC17" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E60527E1EFCD0FC17" blockId="37.[121,1250,855,1165]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60527E1EFF7BFCD7" box="[121,220,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Etymology</emphasis> +.— +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCC9B6E60D27E11FEA2FCD6" box="[249,261,856,877]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode> +/he sleeps, is asleep, in Anishinaabemowin ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCC9B6E62937E11FC5EFCD6" author="Ojibwe Peoples Dictionary" box="[696,1017,856,877]" firstAuthor="Ojibwe Peoples Dictionary" journalOrPublisher="lib. umn. edu. Accessed December" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" part="2019" refId="ref112575" refString="OJIBWE PEOPLES DICTIONARY. 2015. Available at ojibwe. lib. umn. edu. Accessed December 2019." title="Available at ojibwe" type="journal volume" year="2015">Ojibwe Peoples Dictionary 2015</bibRefCitation> +), a language of the first peoples of the Great Lakes region, where the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCC9B6E62157E3EFDCDFC37" box="[574,618,887,908]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus> +species occurs. The name refers to the winter-deciduous habit, which distinguishes it from its tropical evergreen sister clade, subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E62D17EDEFCD7FC17" box="[762,880,919,940]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62D17EDEFCD7FC17" box="[762,880,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E60827EFEFD96FB96" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E60827EFEFD96FB96" blockId="37.[121,1250,855,1165]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E60827EFEFEADFC77" box="[169,266,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—Plants of temperate North America, winter-deciduous, with long-creeping rhizomes ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFCC9B6E647E7EF1FB3BFC76" box="[1109,1180,952,973]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E647E7EF1FB3BFC76" bold="true" box="[1109,1180,952,973]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Fig. 6C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), often forming large colonies, proximal pinnae gradually reduced, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62957E9EFD6EFC57" box="[702,713,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">x</emphasis> += 27. The two species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E63967E9EFB0CFC57" box="[957,1195,983,1005]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nibaa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E63967E9EFB93FC57" box="[957,1076,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E64587E9EFB0CFC57" box="[1139,1195,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Nibaa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +most closely resemble the Old World +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCC9B6E61887EBEFD2DFBB7" box="[419,650,1015,1037]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Venus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E61887EBEFDBDFBB7" box="[419,538,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E627F7EBEFD2DFBB7" box="[596,650,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Venus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E62B67EBEFD0FFBB7" box="[669,680,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">x</emphasis> += 31), but may be distinguished by glands yellow to colorless (vs. amber resinous orange-yellow to reddish). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCC9B6E6083797EFBE5FB36" pageId="37" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCC9B6E6083797EFBE5FB36" blockId="37.[121,1250,855,1165]" pageId="37" pageNumber="27"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCC9B6E6083797EFE3DFBF7" box="[168,410,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—The two species are restricted to temperate North America, one to northeastern deciduous forests of the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCC9B6E61007911FECFFBD6" box="[299,360,1112,1133]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">U.S.A.</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCC9B6E61BF7911FE47FBD6" box="[404,480,1112,1133]" name="Canada" pageId="37" pageNumber="27">Canada</collectingCountry> +, and the other to lower montane habitats of the western cordillera. They occur in seasonally snowy environments, in mesic to moist forest understories or in seepy mountain meadows. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b1d0c15ea6f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,464 @@ +<document id="228A6E7B4E91A5569B020F12AEE4933C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amblovenatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="715079C6D722C02995FA7F74FA5F279F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="0416E7A29942366927E58CAB57C5DB4F"> +<mods:title id="9AC0714E673FF85E02EF19ECB7CD8C34">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="A46D62D43A795218C61E5B67A2DB606F" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="5BF17CAFF3079A76EBF5D6E69C29B3B1"> +<mods:roleTerm id="C8E7953E912654090A46D7568370629A">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0F164D9EDCE50E0C6704067E60BF3AF6">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="2C2746B2B1062EC1C0554D4F0A77A6D5" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="81FC448825FFD3F9082CF08E61999FD1"> +<mods:roleTerm id="521C9774AA90219BBE171CDB74D99708">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="9CFDF363AF65A9618426BA3CB72C4593">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="AE2F9762EBA8122F86076CB79ABC488A">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="FCA4485B6889C8B34BBF1CAC4D7E02D5"> +<mods:dateIssued id="EC982B6872174E2E9B963EE908D27E60">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="6EE9FD5A43F5ADA0212D59B961E1ED73">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="6FC97E4AC8C2BAB0A9C9F1634CB2FC36"> +<mods:placeTerm id="851F29530B460104E8461BCA102059BA">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="530F79C508ACB5F6DD4978423D29BEFF">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" blockId="38.[97,1225,1242,1329]" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" ID-CoL="62989" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" bold="true" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">AMBLOVENATUM</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D604A784BFDE1FAEC" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D604A784BFBD6FA8A" blockId="38.[97,1225,1242,1329]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFCF9B6D604A784BFD95FAAC" author="J. 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Roux, Strelitzia +</taxonomicName> +23:200. 2009 +</treatmentCitation> +, a renaming of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D628D784CFCAFFAAD" box="[678,776,1285,1302]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineuron</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D6326784FFC24FAAC" author="Holttum" box="[781,899,1286,1303]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +, non +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D6387784CFBB3FAAD" box="[940,1044,1285,1302]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineurion</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D6434784FFB89FAAC" box="[1055,1070,1286,1303]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D641F784FFBF6FAAC" box="[1076,1105,1286,1303]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">DC</collectionCode> +.) Pichon— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCF9B6D648F784CFB63FAAE" box="[1188,1220,1285,1301]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D648F784CFB63FAAE" box="[1188,1220,1285,1301]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D608A7869FE42FA8B" ID-CoL="CLBF" authority="(Kaulf.) J. P. Roux" authorityName="J. P. Roux" baseAuthorityName="Kaulf." box="[161,485,1312,1329]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D608A7869FEF8FA8A" box="[161,351,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amblovenatum opulentum</emphasis> +(Kaulf.) J.P. Roux +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D61D07869FD63FA8A" ID-CoL="HGDQ" authority="Kaulf." authorityName="Kaulf." box="[507,708,1312,1329]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61D07869FD36FA8A" box="[507,657,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Aspidium opulentum</emphasis> +Kaulf. +</taxonomicName> +]— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62F17869FBD6FA8A" authority="(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk." box="[730,1137,1312,1329]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amphineuron"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62F17869FC8BFA8A" box="[730,812,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D63707869FC1AFA8A" box="[859,957,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineuron</emphasis> +(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D60AA780CFDE1FAEC" blockId="38.[129,582,1349,1367]" box="[129,582,1349,1367]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D614A780FFE7FFAEC" author="Holttum" box="[353,472,1350,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1977a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D61F4780FFDB7FAEC" author="Holttum" box="[479,528,1350,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D623D780FFD9AFAEC" author="Holttum" box="[534,573,1350,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D604A7825FD45FA59" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D604A7825FD45FA59" blockId="38.[97,1226,1388,1826]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D604A7825FF47FA3A" box="[97,224,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D612F7825FE9AFA3A" box="[260,317,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">amphi</emphasis> +, of two kinds + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61F37824FDBFFA39" box="[472,536,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">neuron</emphasis> +, nerve, pertaining to the venation of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCF9B6D638A7825FC6BFA3A" box="[929,972,1388,1409]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus> +and some other species in the genus, which varies, even within the same frond, from free, meeting the margin at the sinus, or connivent with a sinus-membrane. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D613878E5FE06FA7A" box="[275,417,1452,1473]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D613878E5FE06FA7A" box="[275,417,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, although not explained by its author, appears to be an inelegantly formed Latin translation of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60CE7885FEC5FA5A" box="[229,354,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineuron</emphasis> +meaning approximately the same thing. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6C60B978A4FF1CFD0C" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6C60B978A4FF1CFD0C" blockId="38.[97,1226,1388,1826]" lastBlockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +Plants terrestrial, of forested or somewhat disturbed habitats, medium sized (to about +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCF9B6D642A78A4FB8EF9BA" box="[1025,1065,1516,1538]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity> +tall); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D644C78A4FB6EF9B9" bold="true" box="[1127,1225,1517,1538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">rhizomes</emphasis> +long-creeping to erect, with brown setose linear-lanceolate scales; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62C67B44FC96F999" bold="true" box="[749,817,1549,1570]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, arching to erect, pinnatepinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatisect, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D618F7B64FE47F9F9" bold="true" box="[420,480,1581,1602]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">stipes</emphasis> +dull brown to stramineous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62C47B64FCC4F9FA" bold="true" box="[751,867,1580,1602]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">stipe scales</emphasis> +tangled, spreading, linear-lanceolate, dark brown and setose, readily deciduous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61DC7B05FD9EF9DA" bold="true" box="[503,569,1612,1633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, drying bifacially concolorous green to pale-olivaceous, apex subconform to gradually reduced ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62B27B25FCB5F939" box="[665,786,1644,1666]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62B27B25FCB5F939" box="[665,786,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. immersum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); proximal pinnae not reduced, or if reduced, then abruptly; proliferous buds lacking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61C97BC4FD8FF919" bold="true" box="[482,552,1677,1698]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">pinnae</emphasis> +short-petiolulate, with truncate bases, proximal pinnae gradually narrowed towards bases, not auriculate (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D622E7BE5FD01F97A" box="[517,678,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D622E7BE5FD01F97A" box="[517,678,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. subattenuatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), margins lobed to within +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCF9B6D63897BE4FC7DF97A" box="[930,986,1708,1730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +of costae, or incised only 1/3 ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D60A57B85FEA4F95A" box="[142,259,1740,1761]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60A57B85FEA4F95A" box="[142,259,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. terminans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) to costae, segments nearly perpendicular to somewhat oblique and falcate, with rounded to broadly acute apices; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60F67BA4FEB5F8B9" bold="true" box="[221,274,1773,1794]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">veins</emphasis> +free, connivent at or near sinuses, or with one or more pairs anastomosing below the sinus, and subsequent pairs running to sinus, with both states sometimes present within a single frond ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D63EA7A45FB9CF89A" box="[961,1083,1804,1825]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D63EA7A45FB9CF89A" box="[961,1083,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), veins ending at margins or terminating prior to margins ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C62097DEBFD30FF0C" box="[546,663,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62097DEBFD30FF0C" box="[546,663,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. terminans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62807DE8FCBBFF0D" bold="true" box="[683,796,161,182]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">aerophores</emphasis> +present as inconspicuous swellings and/or discoloration at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C615F7D8BFD9BFF6C" bold="true" box="[372,572,194,215]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of long (0.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C62947D8BFD51FF6C" box="[703,758,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +), hyaline, acicular hairs along rachises, costae, and veins, short (<0.1 mm) hairs along rachises, costae, veins, and sometimes laminae, small, clear stipitate glands abundant on laminae between veins, and sulfur-colored spherical, sessile or stipitate glands along costae and veins, most abundant towards segment apices, rarely with scales on costae ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C62FE7C6BFCEAFE8D" box="[725,845,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distinctum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62FE7C6BFCEAFE8D" box="[725,845,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. distinctum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63747C6BFB81FE8C" bold="true" box="[863,1062,290,311]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of long (0.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C648E7C6BFB7DFE8C" box="[1189,1242,290,311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +) hyaline acicular hairs along rachises, costae, and veins, sometimes with small, colorless stipitate glands on laminae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60527C28FF77FECD" bold="true" box="[121,208,353,374]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61377C2BFEE3FECC" bold="true" box="[284,324,354,375]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">sori</emphasis> +round, discrete to confluent, sometimes sunken in lamina ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63527C2BFC55FECC" box="[889,1010,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63527C2BFC55FECC" box="[889,1010,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. immersum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), supramedial to inframarginal, often restricted to distal portion of segments, indusiate or exindusiate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63AA7CCBFC5CFE2D" box="[897,1019,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distinctum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63AA7CCBFC5CFE2D" box="[897,1019,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. distinctum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), indusia thick, brown, sometimes bicolorous, dark in the center and pale towards margins, often bearing abundant sulfur-colored glands ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C64E77CEBFF7CFE6D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64E77CEBFF7CFE6D" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61227C8BFE24FE6C" box="[265,387,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61227C8BFE24FE6C" box="[265,387,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. immersum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) and/or setae ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C623F7C8BFD2FFE6C" box="[532,648,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C623F7C8BFD2FFE6C" box="[532,648,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. terminans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62B77C8BFCA6FE6C" bold="true" box="[668,769,450,471]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">sporangia</emphasis> +with thin stalks, which may bear stipitate glands, capsules glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61047CA8FED6FE4D" bold="true" box="[303,369,481,502]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">spores</emphasis> +dark brown to black, rarely tan ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C629E7CABFCF0FE4D" box="[693,855,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C629E7CABFCF0FE4D" box="[693,855,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. subattenuatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), perine with low thin crests; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64577CABFB20FE4C" box="[1148,1159,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">x</emphasis> +=36, two species counted: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61357F48FE3DFDAD" box="[286,410,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61357F48FE3DFDAD" box="[286,410,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is tetraploid, but both diploid and tetraploid counts are reported for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C641F7F48FB0CFDAC" box="[1076,1195,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C641F7F48FB0CFDAC" box="[1076,1195,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. terminans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. One collection from Timor may represent an infrageneric hybrid between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63237F68FC25FD8D" box="[776,898,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63237F68FC25FD8D" box="[776,898,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63847F68FB97FD8C" box="[943,1072,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63847F68FB8BFD8C" box="[943,1068,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum">A. immersum</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C64777F68FB64FD8D" box="[1116,1219,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tildeniae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64777F68FB64FD8D" box="[1116,1219,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. tildeniae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, of the Society and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C61317F0BFE07FDEC" box="[282,416,578,599]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Cook islands</collectingCountry> +, may represent an intergeneric hybrid between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63AB7F08FBA6FDED" box="[896,1025,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63AB7F08FBA6FDED" box="[896,1025,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C641F7F08FEBAFDCC" authority="(Holttum 1977 b)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C641F7F08FB46FDED" box="[1076,1249,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella dentata</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C60547F2BFEB2FDCC" author="Holttum" box="[127,277,610,631]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. Putative hybrids from the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C620A7F2BFD04FDCC" box="[545,675,610,631]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Cook Islands</collectingCountry> +, between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63297F28FCD9FDCD" box="[770,894,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63297F28FCD9FDCD" box="[770,894,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63867F28FBF4FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[941,1107,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63867F28FBF4FDCD" box="[941,1107,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C644B7F2BFB7CFDCD" box="[1120,1243,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Game 92/128</emphasis> +,! +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C60577FCBFF05FD2C" box="[124,162,642,663]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">UC</collectionCode> +), and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C60F17FC8FEF2FD2D" box="[218,341,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60F17FC8FEF2FD2D" box="[218,341,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61A97FC8FDF4FD2C" box="[386,595,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61A97FC8FDF4FD2C" box="[386,595,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Strophocaulon invisum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62757FCBFD43FD2D" box="[606,740,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +Game 89/172 +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C62FC7FC8FD43FD2D" box="[727,740,641,662]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62C47FC8FC8CFD2D" box="[751,811,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">89/173</emphasis> +,! +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C63137FCBFCF9FD2C" box="[824,862,642,663]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">UC</collectionCode> +) have been reported by Game and Smith (2014). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCE9B6C60827F8BFF18FBAC" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B6C60827F8BFF18FBAC" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60827F8BFEA3FD6C" box="[169,260,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C610A7F88FE0AFD6D" box="[289,429,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C610A7F88FE0AFD6D" box="[289,429,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C61987F8BFE68FD6C" box="[435,463,706,727]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61987F8BFE6EFD6C" box="[435,457,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is distinguished from +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62877F8BFC96FD6D" box="[684,817,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C62877F8BFCB7FD6C" box="[684,784,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Mesopteris</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C633C7F88FC96FD6D" box="[791,817,705,726]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +by the presence of long (0.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C647E7F8BFB2BFD6C" box="[1109,1164,706,727]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +) hyaline acicular hairs on axes of abaxial or adaxial laminae (vs. only minute stipitate glands or hairs> 0.5 mm long); sori typically with large, persistent conspicuous indusia (vs. sori exindusiate, with small indusia, or indusia obscured by copious resinous glands); membranaceous to thin-chartaceous laminae drying bifacially concolorous green to olivaceous (vs. thick-chartaceous laminae sometimes drying bicolorous dark brown to reddish); by the presence of opaque whitish to sulfur-colored glands (vs. translucent red or amber resinous glands)—though both genera frequently have minute colorless or golden brown stipitate glands as well; sori often restricted to distal veins of segments (vs. sori distributed the length of segments, or restricted to proximal portion of segments); and sinus membranes rarely bearing an appendage (vs. sinus-membrane usually with conspicuous projecting appendage). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63897E88FC59FC6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[930,1022,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63897E88FC59FC6D" box="[930,1022,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having more abundant hairs, especially on laminar tissue between veins, and often having characteristic orangish pear-shaped glands. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCE9B6C60827968FCECFA2C" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B6C60827968FCECFA2C" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60827968FDE4FB8D" box="[169,579,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C619D7968FDE4FB8D" box="[438,579,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amblovenatum</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is recognized herein as a genus of only six species. One of these, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C64E77968FF7CFBED" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64E77968FF7CFBED" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is widespread throughout the tropics. Its native range is ostensibly Australasia south to Queensland, Asia north to Hainan, west to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C6142792BFE60FBCC" box="[361,455,1122,1143]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C6268792BFD28FBCC" box="[579,655,1122,1143]" name="Malaysia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, and east to Tahiti. The earliest records we have found outside this range are from +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C611E79CBFED9FB2C" box="[309,382,1154,1175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.94792" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="1948.0">1948 in</quantity> +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C61A879CBFDA7FB2C" box="[387,512,1154,1175]" name="Mozambique" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mozambique</collectingCountry> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C622579C8FD3BFB2D" box="[526,668,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mendonza 4377</emphasis> +, L), and +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C62DB79CBFC9EFB2C" box="[752,825,1154,1175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92252" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="1938.0">1938 in</quantity> +Martinique ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C639C79CBFBEAFB2C" author="Smith" box="[951,1101,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." page="110" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith 1971:110</bibRefCitation> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647D79C8FF00FB0D" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Stehle & Stehle 4986</emphasis> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C609879EBFF71FB0C" box="[179,214,1186,1207]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">UC</collectionCode> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C60CB79EBFF59FB0C" box="[224,254,1186,1207]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">US</collectingCountry> +; +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C612379EBFEE7FB0C" box="[264,320,1186,1207]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">GBIF</collectionCode> +.org). This species is now widespread throughout the Antilles, Central America, much of South America, and East Africa and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C61B8798BFDAFFB6C" box="[403,520,1218,1239]" name="Madagascar" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +; it may be extirpated in Florida ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C6317798BFC1DFB6C" author="Nelson" box="[828,954,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Nelson" journalOrPublisher="Pineapple Press, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, U. S. A" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" refId="ref112548" refString="NELSON, G. 2000. The ferns of Florida. Pineapple Press, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, U. S. A." title="The ferns of Florida" type="book" year="2000">Nelson 2000</bibRefCitation> +), where it was once established in Dade Co. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C60C079ABFED8FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[235,383,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +noted that it was not common anywhere in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C633C79ABFCC4FB4C" box="[791,867,1250,1271]" name="Malaysia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, and of doubtful nativity in Java, but that cultivated plants in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C611D784BFE32FAAC" box="[310,405,1282,1303]" name="Singapore" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Singapore</collectingCountry> +had a tendency to naturalize in the vicinity. Like +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C635A7848FBB1FAAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[881,1046,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C635A7848FBB1FAAD" box="[881,1046,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C646E7848FF7FFA8C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C646E7848FF7FFA8C" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Macrothelypteris torresiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, it may be a successful weed where it has become established. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63697868FB95FA8C" box="[834,1074,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63697868FB95FA8C" box="[834,1074,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum terminans</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occupies a native range similar to that of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61777808FE7FFAED" box="[348,472,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61777808FE7FFAED" box="[348,472,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but it extends east only as far Queensland and New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C63F0780BFB83FAEC" box="[987,1060,1346,1367]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Guinea</collectingCountry> +; it is represented in Africa by few collections ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C615A782BFDA4FACC" author="Holttum" box="[369,515,1378,1399]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation> +) and may be introduced there. The species +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C638E7828FBF4FACD" box="[933,1107,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="queenslandicum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C638E7828FBF4FACD" box="[933,1107,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. queenslandicum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was described relatively recently ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C610678CBFE10FA2C" author="Holttum" box="[301,439,1410,1431]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="518" part="41" refId="ref110005" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1986. New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland. Kew Bull. 41: 518." title="New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland" type="journal article" year="1986">Holttum 1986</bibRefCitation> +) and is endemic to +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFCE9B6C624578CBFD43FA2C" box="[622,740,1410,1431]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C62C778CBFCE0FA2C" box="[748,839,1410,1431]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Australia</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCE9B63608278EBFE82FE8C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B6C608278EBFD95F92C" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C608278EBFD3CFA0D" box="[169,667,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.—Amphineuron</emphasis> +was described by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C637F78EBFC4AFA0C" author="Holttum" box="[852,1005,1442,1463]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +and its ten species were monographed by him a few years later ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C61D1788BFD28FA6C" author="Holttum" box="[506,655,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1977a</bibRefCitation> +). His circumscription was adopted by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C6428788BFB22FA6C" author="Ching" box="[1027,1157,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 19" part="16" refId="ref107554" refString="CHING, R. C. 1978. The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 1 - 19." title="The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin" type="journal article" year="1978">Ching (1978)</bibRefCitation> +, with the exception of the east Asian endemic species that Ching segregated in a newly described monotypic genus, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C647478ABFB65FA4C" box="[1119,1218,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647478ABFB65FA4C" box="[1119,1218,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C60527B4BFF5CF9AD" box="[121,251,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60527B4BFF5CF9AD" box="[121,251,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">M.tonkinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Because of some uncertainty regarding relationships among genera,the remaining species of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C644F7B48FB46F9AD" box="[1124,1249,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineuron</emphasis> +were treated in a broad concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C619C7B68FDBDF98D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[439,538,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C619C7B68FDBDF98D" box="[439,538,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C62887B6BFD46F98C" box="[675,737,1570,1591]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">China</collectingCountry> +, though +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63197B6BFC31F98C" box="[818,918,1570,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63197B6BFC31F98C" box="[818,918,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was maintained based on morphological and molecular evidence ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C618D7B0BFD89F9EC" author="Lin" box="[422,558,1601,1623]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +).Because of its similarity to the older name +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63EE7B08FBEEF9ED" box="[965,1097,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineurion</emphasis> +(Apocynaceae), also native to southeast Asia, the name +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61D37B28FDD2F9CD" box="[504,629,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineuron</emphasis> +was rejected (Middleton in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C63A87B2BFBBCF9CC" author="Brummitt" box="[899,1051,1634,1655]" firstAuthor="Brummitt" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="590 - 594" part="56" refId="ref107042" refString="BRUMMITT, R. K. 2007. Report of the nomenclature committee for vascular plants: 58. Taxon 56: 590 - 594." title="Report of the nomenclature committee for vascular plants: 58" type="journal article" year="2007">Brummitt 2007</bibRefCitation> +), and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C647E7B28FB47F9CD" box="[1109,1248,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647E7B28FB47F9CD" box="[1109,1248,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was published as its replacement ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C61917BCBFD80F92C" author="Roux" box="[442,551,1666,1687]" firstAuthor="Roux" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" refId="ref113664" refString="ROUX, J. P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa." title="Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23" type="book" year="2009">Roux 2009</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B63608C7BE8FE82FE8C" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" lastBlockId="40.[97,1226,161,311]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="29"> +In his revision of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61607BE8FE60F90D" box="[331,455,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineuron</emphasis> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C61F97BEBFD39F90C" author="Holttum" box="[466,670,1698,1719]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" page="206" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1977a: 206)</bibRefCitation> +recognized that the species “may be divided into two groups, one with conspicuous indusia, the other with indusia small or lacking.” These two groups correspond to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C647D7B88FB46F96D" box="[1110,1249,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647D7B88FB46F96D" box="[1110,1249,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C60527BABFF32F94D" box="[121,149,1761,1783]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60527BABFF28F94C" box="[121,143,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C60EC7BABFE8AF94C" box="[199,301,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60EC7BABFE8AF94C" box="[199,301,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C611F7BA8FEE9F94D" box="[308,334,1761,1782]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C611F7BA8FEEFF94D" box="[308,328,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +in our treatment. Despite some morphological similarities, these two groups are not closely related, based on molecular phylogenetic evidence, which was first demonstrated by He and Zhang (2012) and corroborated by subsequent analyses (Fawcett et al. in press). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63629F7DE8FC98FF0D" box="[692,831,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63629F7DE8FC98FF0D" box="[692,831,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC19B63636E7DEBFCC7FF0C" box="[837,864,162,183]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63636E7DEBFCFDFF0C" box="[837,858,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is well supported as a member of the christelloid clade, but because of poor resolution of backbone nodes, its closest relatives within the clade are uncertain. The +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6360A67DABFF53FF4C" box="[141,244,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360A67DABFF53FF4C" box="[141,244,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +clade, which includes the Chinese/Vietnamese endemic, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63631E7DABFC18FF4D" box="[821,959,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63631E7DABFC18FF4D" box="[821,959,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">M. tonkinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and several Malesian and Australasian species, is in the chingioid clade, sister to a clade that includes +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63637E7C48FB39FEAD" box="[853,1182,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63637E7C48FC65FEAD" box="[853,962,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Grypothrix</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363E07C4BFBE3FEAC" box="[971,1092,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisciopsis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6364657C48FB3DFEAD" box="[1102,1178,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chingia</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63604A7C68FF71FE8D" box="[97,214,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63604A7C68FF71FE8D" box="[97,214,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC19B6360C97C6BFEB0FE8C" box="[226,279,290,311]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="40" pageNumber="30"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360C97C6BFEB0FE8C" bold="true" box="[226,279,290,311]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A793BFB6DFB3C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A793BFB6DFB3C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2e558fd7c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A793BFB6DFB3C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="1FD876702CE964E4D852F0B161F34CAD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A793BFB6DFB3C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amauropelta rechingeri S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[106,636,359,381]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrulata" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60417C21FEF5FEC7" bold="true" box="[106,338,359,381]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta serrulata</emphasis> +(Ching) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62A87C2EFD49FEC7" bold="true" box="[643,750,359,380]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCF9B6D62A87C2EFD49FEC7" box="[643,750,359,380]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D62C57C2EFC62FE2C" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D62C57C2EFC62FE2C" blockId="38.[97,1227,162,407]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFCF9B6D62C57C2EFC62FE2C" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +— +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D632E7C23FC38FEC0" box="[773,927,362,379]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D632E7C23FCF0FEC0" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[773,855,362,379]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thelypteris</taxonomicName> +serrutula +</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFCF9B6D63897C22FF6FFE2C" author="Ching" journal="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." page="319" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" score="6.428951054894778" volume="6" year="1936"> +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFCF9B6D63897C22FF6FFE2C" author="Ching" journal="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." page="319" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" score="6.428951054894778" volume="6" year="1936"> +Ching, +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFCF9B6D63F17C22FF6FFE2C" journal="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." page="319" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" score="10.385887628218114" volume="6" year="1936">Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol.6:319. 1936</bibCitation> +</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +,spelling of epithet corrected by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D61927CCFFDBAFE2C" author="Ching" box="[441,541,390,407]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +to “ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62117CCFFDD8FE2C" ID-CoL="8RTX4" box="[570,639,390,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrulata">serrulata</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62547CCCFD22FE2E" box="[639,645,389,405]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">”</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62B67CCCFC62FE2C" ID-CoL="8RCQQ" authority="(Ching) Ching" box="[669,965,389,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62B67CCCFCF6FE2D" box="[669,849,389,406]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Parathelypteris serrulata</emphasis> +(Ching) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D604A7CE5FDD3FDB9" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D604A7CE5FDD3FDB9" blockId="38.[97,1226,428,514]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D604A7CE5FEB6FE79" box="[97,273,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D611C7CE5FD44FE79" ID-CoL="8R6V8" authority="(Miq.) Y. H. Chang" authorityName="Y. H. Chang" baseAuthorityName="Miq." box="[311,739,428,450]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D611C7CE5FD80FE7A" box="[311,551,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta angustifrons</emphasis> +(Miq.) Y.H. Chang +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62DD7CE5FF2FFE59" ID-CoL="8RCQ4" authority="(D. C. Eaton) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="D. C. 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Chang +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D61C77C85FC02FE59" ID-CoL="8RCQ7" authority="(Christ) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[492,933,460,482]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grammitoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61C77C85FD26FE5A" box="[492,641,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A.grammitoides</emphasis> +(Christ) S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D63EB7C85FF69FDB9" ID-CoL="8RCQG" authority="(H. Ito) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="H. 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Eaton" box="[707,1072,229,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cystopteroides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62E87DACFC3DFF4D" box="[707,922,229,246]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Parathelypteris cystopteroides</emphasis> +(D.C.Eaton) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7DB4FC3AFE97.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7DB4FC3AFE97.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0cc6f5027f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7DB4FC3AFE97.xml @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +<document id="25156BF6B1EFE5B18DB041CD9F478F46" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7DB4FC3AFE97" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amauropelta grammitoides S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[97,693,252,274]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grammitoides" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D604A7DB4FEDBFEA9" bold="true" box="[97,380,253,274]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta grammitoides</emphasis> +(Christ) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62957DB5FC8BFEAA" bold="true" box="[702,812,252,273]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCF9B6D62957DB5FC8BFEAA" box="[702,812,252,273]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D63077DB5FC3AFE97" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D63077DB5FC3AFE97" blockId="38.[97,1227,162,407]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFCF9B6D636E7C49FF58FE97" author="" journal="Boissier" page="193" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="63" year="1898"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D636E7C49FB6EFEAA" ID-CoL="8R7BN" authority="Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier" box="[837,1225,256,273]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grammitoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D636E7C49FC54FEAA" box="[837,1011,256,273]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Aspidium grammitoides</emphasis> +Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier +</taxonomicName> +63:193.1898 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D613D7C53FDE6FE97" ID-CoL="8RFFF" authority="(Christ) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[278,577,282,300]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grammitoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D613D7C53FE68FE90" box="[278,463,282,299]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Thelypteris grammitoides</emphasis> +(Christ) Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D627E7C53FC3AFE97" ID-CoL="8RCQ7" authority="(Christ) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[597,925,282,300]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grammitoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D627E7C53FC8DFE90" box="[597,810,282,299]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Parathelypteris grammitoides</emphasis> +(Christ) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7F54FC26FB8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7F54FC26FB8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4cdddc5cccb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7F54FC26FB8C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +<document id="2EFDF123370B8D03733C3B1DF43A178D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7F54FC26FB8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amauropelta (Venus) S. 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Sm., subg. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="A88305DC27914881529D65D87F885C58" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="45490CC930F52F3D774AE545B837CCCC"> +<mods:title id="81A994A516549B270CD0B1097AABB686">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="753FE9641A040F3D97834437D3FEDE57" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="ACEF109B78B8E6F04A74998106280C25"> +<mods:roleTerm id="27401DBE171A07C033C9D64949C97C12">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="81B6D7A669445EE57419999E3812735D">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="F3C8B9F3739E8845E7A6C951E36ABEDC" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="CA8E561764F0B709E2AB04A809D61005"> +<mods:roleTerm id="B65EF937B1C6DB98E407995F784904E3">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="61D5452FC96D0DC16BFEF4F5AA562671">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="78221C5C751E755D76E01186EDE95030">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="767AD8FAB22F46B875C54A9ED70EC2FC"> +<mods:dateIssued id="630A4A3E6052EB8601B75BC69BE79C68">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="C9E75A7E6D3C1C30EFED07CE05408B3A">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="2EB492FC3F4380C1E0080CFBFC8C60B9"> +<mods:placeTerm id="780CEB3F00C16BC6D75597A264198DEA">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="B7E97300165964D9FE9B59E7D2D2B303">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7F54FC26FB8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076170" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7F54FC26FB8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFCF9B6D604A7F54FC26FB8C" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D604A7F54FD3CFD8A" box="[97,667,540,562]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D604A7F54FD3CFD8A" blockId="38.[97,1225,540,588]" box="[97,667,540,562]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFCF9B6D604A7F54FD3CFD8A" box="[97,667,540,562]" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D604A7F54FD95FD89" authority="S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." box="[97,562,540,562]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Venus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D604A7F54FF41FD89" bold="true" box="[97,230,541,562]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D610B7F55FEF9FD8A" bold="true" box="[288,350,540,561]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Venus</emphasis> +S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62137F55FD3CFD8A" bold="true" box="[568,667,540,561]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCF9B6D62137F55FD3CFD8A" box="[568,667,540,561]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" rank="subGenus">subg. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D62B07F55FDDCFDF7" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D62B07F55FDDCFDF7" blockId="38.[97,1225,540,588]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCF9B6D62997F69FD76FD8B" box="[690,721,544,560]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D62997F69FD76FD8B" box="[690,721,544,560]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62F27F69FBB4FD8A" authority="(Baker) Y. H. Chang" authorityName="Y. H. Chang" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[729,1043,544,561]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62F27F69FC27FD8A" box="[729,896,544,561]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta beddomei</emphasis> +(Baker) Y.H.Chang +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D640D7F69FEA8FDF7" authority="Baker Syn. Fil." authorityName="Baker Syn. Fil." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D640D7F69FB6EFD8A" box="[1062,1225,544,561]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Nephrodium beddomei</emphasis> +Baker Syn.Fil. +</taxonomicName> +267.1867]— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D615A7F73FDDCFDF7" authority="(Baker) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[369,635,570,588]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D615A7F73FDABFDF0" box="[369,524,570,587]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Thelypteris beddomei</emphasis> +(Baker) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D604A7F28FB12FDCC" box="[97,1205,609,631]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D604A7F28FB12FDCC" blockId="38.[97,1226,609,1079]" box="[97,1205,609,631]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D604A7F28FF6EFDCD" box="[97,201,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Taken from the Chinese common name for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62577F2BFD4BFDCD" box="[636,748,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62577F2BFD4BFDCD" box="[636,748,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. beddomei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, Venus fern, 长根金星蕨 chang gen jin xing jue. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D60BA7FCBFB30FCEC" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D60BA7FCBFB30FCEC" blockId="38.[97,1226,609,1079]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60BA7FCBFF55FD2C" box="[145,242,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—Plants of the Paleotropics to subtropics, with long-creeping rhizomes, frequently forming colonies, proximal pinnae gradually reduced, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61947FEBFE7BFD0C" box="[447,476,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">x =</emphasis> +31. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62297FE8FD71FD0D" box="[514,726,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62297FE8FD71FD0D" box="[514,726,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta beddomei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from tropical regions tends to be much smaller and more delicate than their more northerly counterparts, and to have more multicellular hairs on the axes; however there seems to be some intergradation, especially in Southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCF9B6D62567FABFD1BFD4C" box="[637,700,738,759]" name="China" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">China</collectingCountry> +. The North American +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D63B87FA8FBD9FD4D" box="[915,1150,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nibaa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D63B87FA8FBADFD4D" box="[915,1034,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D646D7FA8FBD9FD4D" box="[1094,1150,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Nibaa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is most similar, but has colorless or yellowish glands, unlike the resinous orange-yellow, amber or reddish glands of subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D64A77E4BFB64FCAC" box="[1164,1219,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Venus</emphasis> +. This subgenus is also similar to some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D620E7E68FD0EFC8D" box="[549,681,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D620E7E68FD0EFC8D" box="[549,681,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +that have creeping rhizomes and resinous glands (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D649F7E6BFF1EFCEC" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D649F7E6BFF1EFCEC" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">C. nipponica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), but typically has more than three pairs of proximal pinnae gradually reduced (vs. three or fewer pairs). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D60BB7E28FC26FB8C" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D60BB7E28FC26FB8C" blockId="38.[97,1226,609,1079]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60BB7E28FDCCFCCD" box="[144,619,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D61BC7E28FDCCFCCD" box="[407,619,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei">Amauropelta beddomei</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is widespread, perhaps representing a species complex, distributed in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCF9B6D60827ECBFEA0FC2C" box="[169,263,898,919]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCF9B6D61407ECBFE0EFC2C" box="[363,425,898,919]" name="China" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">China</collectingCountry> +, and throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCF9B6D62667ECBFD30FC2C" box="[589,663,898,919]" name="Malaysia" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Malesia</collectingCountry> +including New +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCF9B6D63047ECBFCDFFC2C" box="[815,888,898,919]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Guinea</collectingCountry> +; it includes three varieties, var. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D64897EC8FE81FC0D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="beddomei" variety="eugracilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D64897EC8FF3EFC0D" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">beddomei</emphasis> +, var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60E57EE8FE81FC0D" box="[206,294,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">eugracilis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D61777EEBFDC7FC0C" authority="(Holttum 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[348,608,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="beddomei" variety="brassii"> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61AE7EE8FE65FC0D" box="[389,450,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">brassii</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D61E57EEBFDFDFC0C" author="Holttum" box="[462,602,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. We make no new varietal combinations at this time because of uncertainty in regard to their eventual rank. Plants from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCF9B6D62547E8BFD1CFC6C" box="[639,699,962,983]" name="China" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">China</collectingCountry> +frequently treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D63A27E88FBD5FC6C" box="[905,1138,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D63A27E88FBD5FC6C" box="[905,1138,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Parathelypteris nipponica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are most closely related to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D61207EA8FE78FC4D" box="[267,479,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61207EA8FE78FC4D" box="[267,479,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amauropelta beddomei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D61C67EABFD06FC4C" author="He & Zhang" box="[493,673,994,1015]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press) and are not closely related to the Japanese +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCF9B6D6092794BFF43FBAC" box="[185,228,1026,1047]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D612B794BFECAFBAC" box="[256,365,1026,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D612B794BFECAFBAC" box="[256,365,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">P.nipponica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is here treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62707948FD78FBAD" box="[603,735,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62707948FD78FBAD" box="[603,735,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D62C2794BFD5EFBAC" box="[745,761,1026,1047]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +second species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D63B87948FBA0FBAD" box="[915,1031,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rechingeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D63B87948FBA0FBAD" box="[915,1031,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. rechingeri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, presumably closely allied to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D60997968FE84FB8D" box="[178,291,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beddomei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60997968FE84FB8D" box="[178,291,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. beddomei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is of lower elevations on the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCF9B6D6213796BFD71FB8C" box="[568,726,1058,1079]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D62CA796BFCD1FB8C" author="Holttum" box="[737,886,1058,1079]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B7260527804FB65FAC7.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B7260527804FB65FAC7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..457d27ae3f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B7260527804FB65FAC7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +<document id="8FB58156BF0A394BA754A4603667A2F3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD09B7260527804FB65FAC7" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Grypothrix cuspidata S. 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[130,656,1356,1378]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260A97804FEC5FAD9" bold="true" box="[130,354,1357,1378]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix cuspidata</emphasis> +(Blume) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262B37805FCA3FADA" bold="true" box="[664,772,1356,1377]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7262B37805FCA3FADA" box="[664,772,1356,1377]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD09B72632F7819FB65FAC7" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B72632F7819FB65FAC7" blockId="57.[121,1251,1292,1831]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72632F7819FCB0FADB" box="[772,791,1360,1376]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD09B72633C7819FB6BFADA" author="" box="[791,1228,1360,1377]" journal="Pl. Javae" page="114" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" score="0.003640472263352152" volume="2" year="1828"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72633C7819FBD5FADB" ID-CoL="8RBZX" authority="Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae" box="[791,1138,1360,1377]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72633C7819FC18FADA" box="[791,959,1360,1377]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Meniscium cuspidatum</emphasis> +Blume, Enum. Pl. 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Bot. +</taxonomicName> +28:266. 1890 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72609278B9FE56F9BA" ID-CoL="8RDLM" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[185,497,1520,1537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacuspe"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72609278B9FED6F9BB" box="[185,369,1520,1537]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium megacuspe</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B72605278CBFE2BFA77.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B72605278CBFE2BFA77.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4ec22dd78f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B72605278CBFE2BFA77.xml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +<document id="A10BB7AA99D25A5439875C883AAA62B1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD09B72605278CBFE2BFA77" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Grypothrix longipetiolata S. 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Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72641578E9FE2BFA77" ID-CoL="8RDLJ" authority="(K. Iwats.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipetiolatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72641578E9FF50FA70" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium longipetiolatum</emphasis> +(K.Iwats.) 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Ind." box="[796,1124,1546,1564]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parishii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263377B42FC0AF9A0" box="[796,941,1546,1563]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Meniscium parishii</emphasis> +Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. +</taxonomicName> +, t. 184. 1866.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260927B6CFDDBF98C" authority="(Bedd.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[185,636,1573,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="triphylla" variety="parishii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260927B6CFEF3F98D" box="[185,340,1573,1590]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Abacopteris triphylla</emphasis> +(Sw.) Ching var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7261FE7B6CFDA9F98D" box="[469,526,1573,1590]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">parishii</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262BA7B6CFC3CF98C" authority="(Bedd.) Tardieu" authorityName="Tardieu" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[657,923,1573,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parishii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262BA7B6CFC87F98D" box="[657,800,1573,1590]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Cyclosorus parishii</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Tardieu +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263857B6CFB6AF98C" authority="(Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[942,1229,1573,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parishii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263857B6CFBE9F98D" box="[942,1102,1573,1590]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium parishii</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260927B09FD15F9EA" authority="(Bedd.) Nakaike" authorityName="Nakaike" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[185,690,1600,1617]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="triphyllum" variety="parishii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260927B09FECCF9EA" box="[185,363,1600,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium triphyllum</emphasis> +(Sw.) Holttum var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7261D07B09FD93F9EA" box="[507,564,1600,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">parishii</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Nakaike +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262EE7B09FB00F9EB" authority="(Bedd.) K. Iwats." authorityName="K. Iwats." baseAuthorityName="Bedd." box="[709,1191,1600,1617]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="triphylla" variety="parishii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262EE7B09FCFCF9EA" box="[709,859,1600,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Thelypteris triphylla</emphasis> +(Sw.) K. Iwats.var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263C77B09FB82F9EA" box="[1004,1061,1600,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">parishii</emphasis> +(Bedd.) K.Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B7260527B8BFDD2F94A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B7260527B8BFDD2F94A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0fe9fe7399d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD09B7260527B8BFDD2F94A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +<document id="34D8A5596B13EF8FA4E283D7139E0E24" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD09B7260527B8BFDD2F94A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Grypothrix rubicunda S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Buitenzorg." page="162" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" score="1158.670670123033" volume="2" year="1920"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263017B8CFB44F96C" ID-CoL="8RCZ3" authority="Alderw., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg." box="[810,1251,1733,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubicunda"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263017B8CFC77F96D" box="[810,976,1733,1750]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Phegopteris rubicunda</emphasis> +Alderw., Bull.Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg. +</taxonomicName> +2:162.1920 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72610D7BA9FDD2F94A" ID-CoL="8RDM3" authority="(Alderw.) 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Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262CB7BBEFCEDF8B7" bold="true" box="[736,842,1783,1804]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7262CB7BBEFCEDF8B7" box="[736,842,1783,1804]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD09B7263617BB2FD3DF89C" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7263617BB2FD3DF89C" blockId="57.[121,1251,1292,1831]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263617BB2FCFAF8B0" box="[842,861,1787,1803]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263767BB2FB19F8B7" authority="Wall. ex Hook., Icon. Pl." authorityName="Hook., Icon. Pl." box="[861,1214,1786,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263767BB2FBA2F8B0" box="[861,1029,1786,1803]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Meniscium salicifolium</emphasis> +Wall. ex Hook., Icon. Pl. +</taxonomicName> +10:t. 990.1854.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7261317A5CFD3DF89C" authority="(Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[282,666,1813,1831]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7261317A5CFE71F89D" box="[282,470,1813,1830]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium salicifolium</emphasis> +(Wall. ex Hook.) 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Chr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot." box="[782,1136,1680,1697]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263257BD9FC3EF91B" box="[782,921,1680,1696]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Dryopteris ramosii</emphasis> +C. Chr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. +</taxonomicName> +2:203. 1907 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260927BE3FE46F907" ID-CoL="8RDLZ" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[185,481,1706,1724]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260927BE3FEF0F900" box="[185,343,1706,1723]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium ramosii</emphasis> +(C.Chr.) 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E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,549,935,957]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73604A7EE1FF7FFC06" bold="true" box="[97,216,936,957]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73621A7EEEFD7CFC07" bold="true" box="[561,731,935,956]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">gen. et stat. nov.</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7362F07EEEFC2AFC6C" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7362F07EEEFC2AFC6C" blockId="56.[97,1225,895,983]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F07EEEFD55FC07" box="[731,754,935,956]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">—</emphasis> +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD19B7362D97EE2FCB5FC00" box="[754,786,939,955]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD19B7362D97EE2FCB5FC00" box="[754,786,939,955]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363377EE3FB12FC07" authority="(Blume) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[796,1205,938,956]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363377EE3FC1AFC00" box="[796,957,938,955]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix cuspidata</emphasis> +(Blume) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD19B73608A7E8CFDF6FC6C" author="" box="[161,593,965,983]" journal="Pl. Javae" page="114" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" score="0.003640472263352152" volume="2" year="1828"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73608A7E8CFE5FFC6E" ID-CoL="8RBZX" authority="Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae" box="[161,504,965,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73608A7E8CFEEFFC6D" box="[161,328,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Meniscium cuspidatum</emphasis> +Blume, Enum.Pl.Javae +</taxonomicName> +2:114.1828 +</treatmentCitation> +].— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362457E8CFC2AFC6C" authority="Holttum" box="[622,909,965,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Grypothrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362457E8CFD6AFC6D" box="[622,717,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362DD7E8CFCEEFC6D" box="[758,841,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7360AA7EA2FDCBFC47" box="[129,620,1003,1020]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7360AA7EA2FDCBFC47" blockId="56.[129,620,1003,1020]" box="[129,620,1003,1020]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7361737EA2FE69FC47" author="Holttum" box="[344,462,1003,1020]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7361DA7EA2FDCFFC47" author="Lin" box="[497,616,1003,1020]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al.(2013)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B73604A7958FF07FBFC" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B73604A7958FF07FBFC" blockId="56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73604A7958FF65FB9D" box="[97,194,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73612F795BFEE1FB9C" box="[260,326,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">grupon</emphasis> +, hooked + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361997958FE78FB9D" box="[434,479,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">thrix</emphasis> +, hair, in reference to the hooked (hamate) hairs, which are diagnostic for the genus. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7360A4791BFC86F93C" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7360A4791BFC86F93C" blockId="56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized (10–)20–80(–120) cm tall, usually in forest understories or along streams at lower elevations; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B736108793BFE25FB3C" bold="true" box="[291,386,1138,1159]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">rhizomes</emphasis> +short- to long-creeping; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73625F793BFD10FB3C" bold="true" box="[628,695,1138,1159]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, weakly or strongly dimorphic (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B736498793BFF0FFB1D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B736498793BFF0FFB1D" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. simplex</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD19B73609F79DBFF5BFB1C" box="[180,252,1170,1191]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[121,129,1754,1774]" captionTargetBox="[137,1235,163,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-8@23.[132,1243,157,1710]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 3.Grypothrix cuspidata,Lu 12803 (VT),A.habit.B. pinna,abaxial view.C. G.simplex, Lu 9270 (VT),habit." pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73609F79DBFF5BFB1C" bold="true" box="[180,252,1170,1191]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), pinnate, trifoliolate or simple, erect or arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362C879DBFCB8FB1C" bold="true" box="[739,799,1170,1191]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, dull brown or reddish, scales linear-lanceolate, brown, castaneous or black, often with hamate hairs on surfaces and margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73642C79F8FBEEFB7D" bold="true" box="[1031,1097,1201,1222]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, sometimes drying reddish, with conform apex (or expanded apex with smaller lateral lobes), proximal pinnae not reduced, proliferous buds rarely present at pinna bases (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73628179BBFCB9FABD" box="[682,798,1265,1287]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73628179BBFCB9FABD" box="[682,798,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. cuspidata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73630179BBFC2EFABC" box="[810,905,1266,1287]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73630179BBFC2EFABC" box="[810,905,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. ramosii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363B679BBFC44FABC" bold="true" box="[925,995,1266,1287]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">pinnae</emphasis> +margins usually entire, sometimes crenate, rarely shallowly lobed ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361D3785BFDFCFA9D" box="[504,603,1297,1319]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361D3785BFDFCFA9D" box="[504,603,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">P. insularis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), bases cuneate, or sometimes cordate, sessile or short-petiolulate, pinnae generally broad (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD19B736171787BFE21FAFC" box="[346,390,1330,1351]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity> +), but quite narrow (< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD19B73627F787BFD23FAFC" box="[596,644,1330,1351]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity> +) in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B736282787BFCBDFAFD" box="[681,794,1329,1351]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B736282787BFCBDFAFD" box="[681,794,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. salicifolia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73630D787BFCFCFAFC" bold="true" box="[806,859,1330,1351]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">veins</emphasis> +usually prominent both adaxially and abaxially, reaching margins, several pairs regularly anastomosing to form a series of areoles, each with an included veinlet, or less commonly, a continuous excurrent vein; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362BB7838FCA3FA3D" bold="true" box="[656,772,1393,1414]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">aerophores</emphasis> +sometimes present in the form of a darkened swelling at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73617978DBFDBAFA1C" bold="true" box="[338,541,1426,1447]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of characteristic hyaline, hamate (hook-shaped) hairs, on costae and veins, present or absent between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361CE78FBFD08FA7C" bold="true" box="[485,687,1458,1479]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hamate hairs on costae and veins, present or absent between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360DE7898FEEBFA5D" bold="true" box="[245,332,1489,1510]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">pustules</emphasis> +sometimes present on laminar tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362E9789BFD4DFA5C" bold="true" box="[706,746,1490,1511]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">sori</emphasis> +exindusiate, elongate and coalescent along crossveins, sometimes very dense, appearing acrostichoid (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73628078BBFCA8F9BD" box="[683,783,1521,1543]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73628078BBFCA8F9BD" box="[683,783,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. simplex</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or, medial, round and discrete; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73644B78BBFB6FF9BC" bold="true" box="[1120,1224,1522,1543]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or with hamate setulae or glands; spores brown or black, with fimbriate crests ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7363857B5BFBF5F99C" author="Patel" box="[942,1106,1554,1575]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73644A7B5BFBCBF99C" box="[1121,1132,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">x</emphasis> += 36, five species counted, with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B7362F47B7BFCDFF9FC" author="Holttum" box="[735,888,1586,1607]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +believed +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363FE7B78FB9FF9FD" box="[981,1080,1585,1606]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parishii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363FE7B78FB9FF9FD" box="[981,1080,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. parishii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to be a hybrid based on its variable morphology and suggested that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362737B18FD66F9DD" box="[600,705,1617,1638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362737B18FD66F9DD" box="[600,705,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. triphylla</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was one parent. Triploid counts ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363D47B1BFBBCF9DC" box="[1023,1051,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">n =</emphasis> +108) in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364437B18FB6EF9DD" box="[1128,1225,1617,1638]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364437B18FB6EF9DD" box="[1128,1225,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. simplex</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +suggest it may be a hybrid ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD19B73614A7B3BFE47F93C" author="Nakato" box="[353,480,1650,1671]" firstAuthor="Nakato" journalOrPublisher="J. Jap. Bot." pageId="56" pageNumber="46" pagination="261 - 267" part="62" refId="ref112276" refString="NAKATO, N. 1987. Notes on chromosomes of Japanese pteridophytes (1). J. Jap. Bot. 62: 261 - 267." title="Notes on chromosomes of Japanese pteridophytes (1)" type="journal article" year="1987">Nakato 1987</bibRefCitation> +). See +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73623F7B3BFDEFF93C" box="[532,584,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Notes</emphasis> +for further discussion. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD19B7260BA7BDBFD83FEEC" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD19B7260BA7BDBFD83FEEC" blockId="56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" lastBlockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360BA7BDBFF4CF91C" box="[145,235,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.—The most consistent character for distinguishing +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F47BD8FCEFF91D" box="[735,840,1681,1702]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F47BD8FCEFF91D" box="[735,840,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from other segregates of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364117BD8FB14F91D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1082,1203,1681,1702]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364117BD8FB14F91D" box="[1082,1203,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is the presence of hamate hairs somewhere on the body of the plant—scales, leaves, veins, or sporangia. Sometimes, however, these may be sparse, and difficult to observe (e.g., in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362987B98FCE8F95D" box="[691,847,1745,1766]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulawesiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362987B98FCE8F95D" box="[691,847,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. sulawesiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). Sori of all species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73641C7B98FB04F95D" box="[1079,1187,1745,1766]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73641C7B98FB04F95D" box="[1079,1187,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are exindusiate, whereas indusia are sometimes present in species of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F07BBBFC52F8BC" box="[731,1013,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F07BBBFCF5F8BC" box="[731,850,1778,1799]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisciopsis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363707BB8FC73F8BD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[859,980,1777,1798]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD19B7363F27BBBFC52F8BC" box="[985,1013,1778,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +, and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364017BB8FB38F8BD" box="[1066,1183,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364017BB8FB3DF8BD" box="[1066,1178,1777,1798]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +The sori of most continental Asian species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72622F7DE8FDCAFF0D" box="[516,621,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72622F7DE8FDCAFF0D" box="[516,621,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are elongate and coalescent along cross-veins, which is less common among other +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72611B7D88FE0CFF6D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[304,427,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72611B7D88FE0CFF6D" box="[304,427,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +segregates (but see +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262587D8BFCD9FF6D" box="[627,894,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lakhimpurensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262587D8BFCD9FF6D" box="[627,894,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Menisciopsis lakhimpurensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); members of the Malesian clade of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527DA8FF45FF4D" box="[121,226,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527DA8FF45FF4D" box="[121,226,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +more frequently have round, discrete sori. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72625F7DA8FD4AFF4D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[628,749,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72625F7DA8FD4AFF4D" box="[628,749,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7262DB7DABFCABFF4C" box="[752,780,226,247]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262DB7DABFCA1FF4C" box="[752,774,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is generally highly dimorphic ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD09B7264197DABFBD0FF4C" box="[1074,1143,226,247]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264197DABFBD0FF4C" bold="true" box="[1074,1143,226,247]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Fig.7C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), and often bears spherical yellow glands on its sporangia or elsewhere, whereas most species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263807C48FBB3FEAD" box="[939,1044,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263807C48FBB3FEAD" box="[939,1044,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are monomorphic or weakly dimorphic (with the exception of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262247C6BFDD6FE8D" box="[527,625,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262247C6BFDD6FE8D" box="[527,625,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. simplex</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which differs from nearly all +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263B07C68FBB3FE8D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[923,1044,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263B07C68FBB3FE8D" box="[923,1044,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7264307C6BFB90FE8C" box="[1051,1079,290,311]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264307C6BFB96FE8C" box="[1051,1073,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +in having simple blades, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD09B7260EB7C0BFEA2FEEC" box="[192,261,322,343]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[121,129,1754,1774]" captionTargetBox="[137,1235,163,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-8@23.[132,1243,157,1710]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 3.Grypothrix cuspidata,Lu 12803 (VT),A.habit.B. pinna,abaxial view.C. G.simplex, Lu 9270 (VT),habit." pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260EB7C0BFEA2FEEC" bold="true" box="[192,261,322,343]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) and do not bear such glands. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD09B7260827C28FBC4FE4C" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827C28FBC4FE4C" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827C28FE13FECD" box="[169,436,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Biogeography and ecology.—</emphasis> +The 12 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262497C28FD6CFECD" box="[610,715,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262497C28FD6CFECD" box="[610,715,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are Malesian, Melanesian, Australasian, and southeast Asian in distribution, with species extending into +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B72624B7CCBFD32FE2C" box="[608,661,386,407]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262B47CCBFD58FE2C" box="[671,767,386,407]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263227CCBFCCFFE2C" box="[777,872,386,407]" name="Myanmar" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Myanmar</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B72635A7CCBFC6CFE2C" box="[881,971,386,407]" name="Thailand" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Thailand</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263FE7CCBFB8DFE2C" box="[981,1066,386,407]" name="Vietnam" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7264187CCBFBD6FE2C" box="[1075,1137,386,407]" name="China" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7264507CCBFB14FE2C" box="[1147,1203,386,407]" name="Japan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7260527CEBFF12FE0C" box="[121,181,418,439]" name="South Korea" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Korea</collectingCountry> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260907CE8FED1FE0D" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[187,374,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260907CE8FED1FE0D" box="[187,374,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix triphylla</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is especially widespread, extending from subtropical +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B72635B7CEBFC62FE0C" box="[880,965,418,439]" name="China" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">east Asia</collectingCountry> +, throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7264157CEBFB2DFE0C" box="[1086,1162,418,439]" name="Malaysia" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, and into northern Queensland and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7261517C8BFE3DFE6C" box="[378,410,450,471]" name="Fiji" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Fiji</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B72618D7C8BFD9BFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[422,572,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B72626D7C8BFDDFFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[582,632,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7262AC7C8BFD30FE6C" box="[647,663,450,471]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +few species are restricted to continental Asia, and others are endemic to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7260CC7CABFE89FE4C" box="[231,302,482,503]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7261117CABFE7CFE4D" box="[314,475,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7261117CABFE73FE4D" box="[314,468,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipetiolata">G. longipetiolata</taxonomicName> +) +</emphasis> +or to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262247CABFDF1FE4C" box="[527,598,482,503]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262A87CABFD1EFE4C" box="[643,697,482,503]" name="Japan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262ED7CABFC8EFE4D" box="[710,809,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262ED7CABFC8EFE4D" box="[710,809,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">P. insularis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7263167CABFC6FFE4C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[829,968,482,503]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 13" part="18" refId="ref110256" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1959. Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18 (1): 1 - 13." title="Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1959">Iwatsuki 1959</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7263FB7CABFBFFFE4C" author="Lin" box="[976,1112,482,503]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD09B7260827F4BFDA0FB4C" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827F4BFD3EFD6C" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827F4BFE48FDAD" box="[169,495,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7262207F4BFD05FDAC" author="Holttum" box="[523,674,514,535]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +treated +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262C57F48FCF0FDAD" box="[750,855,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262C57F48FCF0FDAD" box="[750,855,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a section of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263CF7F48FBFBFDAD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[996,1116,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263CF7F48FBFBFDAD" box="[996,1116,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; all species in this section (here elevated to genus) have hamate hairs on the scales, laminae, veins, and/or sporangia. No earlier workers had recognized the taxonomic utility of these unusual hairs. This is the only Holttum segregate of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72646C7F08FB67FDED" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1095,1216,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72646C7F08FB67FDED" box="[1095,1216,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(or any of his infrageneric taxa) that we elevate in rank with identical circumscription. It can be distinguished from closely related genera on the basis of a single synapomorphy—the presence of hamate (hooked) hairs somewhere on the plant. Similar hairs also occur in distantly related taxa within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262A27FEBFC97FD0C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[649,816,674,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, e.g., in sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263817FE8FBA5FD0D" box="[938,1026,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Uncinella</emphasis> +of the mostly neotropical genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260FD7F88FE6CFD6C" authority="(Smith 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[214,459,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260FD7F88FEEAFD6D" box="[214,333,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Amauropelta</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B72617C7F8BFE62FD6C" author="Smith" box="[343,453,706,727]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="83 - 95" part="64" refId="ref114197" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1974. A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta. Amer. Fern J. 64: 83 - 95." title="A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta" type="journal article" year="1974">Smith 1974</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, and in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72623E7F88FD34FD6D" box="[533,659,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72623E7F88FD34FD6D" box="[533,659,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827FA8FBD8FCCC" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260827FA8FEB5FD4D" box="[169,274,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827FA8FEB5FD4D" box="[169,274,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +comprises two monophyletic subclades with different distributions: the species of one subclade are predominantly continental Asian, and the species of the other are Malesian. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263777E48FC62FCAD" box="[860,965,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263777E48FC62FCAD" box="[860,965,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a member of the chingioid clade which includes the monophyletic genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72621F7E68FDDAFC8D" box="[564,637,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72621F7E68FDDAFC8D" box="[564,637,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262A37E6BFD5BFC8C" box="[648,764,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262A37E6BFD5BFC8C" box="[648,764,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(also segregated from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263FB7E68FBEEFC8D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[976,1097,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263FB7E68FBEEFC8D" box="[976,1097,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7264657E68FBC2FC8C" box="[1102,1125,801,823]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264657E68FBC6FC8D" box="[1102,1121,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72645C7E6BFB7DFC8C" box="[1143,1242,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72645C7E6BFB7DFC8C" box="[1143,1242,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72608A7E08FEB1FCED" box="[161,278,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72608A7E08FEB1FCED" box="[161,278,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72610B7E08FE2EFCED" box="[288,393,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72610B7E08FE2EFCED" box="[288,393,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72619E7E0BFD8EFCEC" box="[437,553,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72619E7E0BFD8EFCEC" box="[437,553,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, like the closely related +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263227E0BFCCBFCEC" box="[777,876,834,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263227E0BFCCBFCEC" box="[777,876,834,855]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, share a tendency to turn red when dry, as suggested by some of their specific epithets: +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72621F7E28FC66FCCD" box="[564,961,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72621F7E28FCA4FCCD" box="[564,771,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubicunda">Grypothrix rubicunda</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263217E2BFC66FCCD" box="[778,961,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubida">Menisciopsis rubida</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263DF7E2BFBDEFCCD" box="[1012,1145,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrinervis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263DF7E2BFBDEFCCD" box="[1012,1145,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">M. rubrinervis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD09B7260827ECBFDA0FB4C" blockId="57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827ECBFF7BFC2C" box="[169,220,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Notes</emphasis> +.— +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7260D37ECBFEAEFC2C" box="[248,265,898,919]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +hybrid between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72618D7EC8FDA9FC2D" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[422,526,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72618D7EC8FDA9FC2D" box="[422,526,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. triphylla</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262107EC8FD09FC2D" box="[571,686,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262107EC8FD09FC2D" box="[571,686,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. cuspidata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has been reported from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263B87ECBFC7DFC2C" box="[915,986,898,919]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7263CF7ECBFBFDFC2C" author="Knapp" box="[996,1114,898,919]" firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="KBCC Press & Yuan-Liou Publishing, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" refId="ref110768" refString="KNAPP, R. 2011 Ferns and fern allies of Taiwan. KBCC Press & Yuan-Liou Publishing, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C." title="Ferns and fern allies of Taiwan" type="book" year="2011">Knapp 2011</bibRefCitation> +). +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264437EC8FF70FC0D" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7264437EC8FF73FC0D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thwaitesii">Pronephrium thwaitesii</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +an unusual taxon from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7261957EEBFE56FC0C" box="[446,497,930,951]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7262347EEBFDDBFC0C" box="[543,636,930,951]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262CF7EE8FC5CFC0D" box="[740,1019,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Grypothrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262CF7EE8FCFAFC0D" box="[740,861,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263B97EE8FC5CFC0D" box="[914,1019,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7264367EEBFB13FC0C" author="Holttum" box="[1053,1204,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1972">Holttum (1972)</bibRefCitation> +, had not been collected for more than a century, and had been presumed extinct. Holttum suggested it might be a hybrid involving +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260F37EA8FE7CFC4C" authority="(Holttum 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[216,475,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260F37EA8FEE7FC4D" box="[216,320,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G.triphylla</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7261607EABFE73FC4C" author="Holttum" box="[331,468,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1972">Holttum 1972</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +.The plant was relocated by Nayar and Geeverghese (1987), who conducted a careful examination of its morphology, including spore development, and agreed that it was a hybrid involving +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72645A7948FB7DFBAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[1137,1242,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72645A7948FB7DFBAD" box="[1137,1242,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">G. triphylla</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; they then suggested +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72616F7968FDA3FB8C" box="[324,516,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parasitica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72616F7968FDA3FB8C" box="[324,516,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Christella parasitica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is the second parent. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7262F5796BFD49FB8C" box="[734,750,1058,1079]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +hybrid described from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD09B7263F3796BFB85FB8C" box="[984,1058,1058,1079]" name="Taiwan" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +, recently treated as +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527908FEEAFBED" box="[121,333,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527908FF53FBED" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[121,244,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +insulare, +</emphasis> +is also triploid ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7261DA790BFE5AFBEC" box="[497,509,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis> += 108), and postulated to represent a cross between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7264207908FB12FBED" box="[1035,1205,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264207908FB12FBED" box="[1035,1205,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527928FEF0FBCD" box="[121,343,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527928FEF0FBCD" box="[121,343,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Pronephrium triphyllum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(considered by us to belong to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7262517928FD46FBCD" box="[634,737,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7262517928FD46FBCD" box="[634,737,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); it was given a name as a nothogenus, × +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7264767928FF64FB2D" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7264767928FB46FBCD" box="[1117,1249,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chrinephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chrinephrium</taxonomicName> +insulare +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD09B7260E579CBFF45FB2C" box="[206,226,1154,1175]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode> +. Iwats.) Nakaike ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7261A379CBFDB0FB2C" author="Kuo" box="[392,535,1154,1175]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +). As noted by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD09B7262BD79CBFC8AFB2C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[662,813,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="57" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 13" part="18" refId="ref110256" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1959. Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18 (1): 1 - 13." title="Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1959">Iwatsuki (1959)</bibRefCitation> +, in his taxonomic concept, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72640779C8FB3EFB2D" box="[1068,1177,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72640779C8FB3EFB2D" box="[1068,1177,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(which included several species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72615D79E8FE7AFB0D" box="[374,477,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72615D79E8FE7AFB0D" box="[374,477,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B72629379E8FCBCFB0D" box="[696,795,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B72629379E8FCBCFB0D" box="[696,795,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD09B7263AC79E8FC46FB0D" box="[903,993,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263AC79E8FC46FB0D" box="[903,993,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD09B7263CE79EBFC59FB0C" box="[997,1022,1186,1207]" pageId="57" pageNumber="47" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD09B7263CE79EBFC5DFB0C" box="[997,1018,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="47">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +) by lacking sinus membranes, although these are present in this purported hybrid. As putative examples of intergeneric hybridization, these hypotheses warrant further investigation. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7060527F21FBA2FD2C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7060527F21FBA2FD2C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e3225ce5dc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7060527F21FBA2FD2C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +<document id="54DD4D47E7E05E25D34DBF5C2F0B9226" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD29B7060527F21FBA2FD2C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Hoiokula sandwicensis S. 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Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD29B7063EF7FCFFC5EFD2C" box="[964,1017,646,663]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063EF7FCFFC5EFD2C" bold="true" box="[964,1017,646,663]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7060527F7BFD05FDDA.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7060527F7BFD05FDDA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c00eb2073ff --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7060527F7BFD05FDDA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="223D1197F91B5FBEC8F9AB54E8D8FFA0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD29B7060527F7BFD05FDDA" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Hoiokula pendens S. 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D. Palmer) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="D. D. Palmer" baseAuthorityYear="2664" box="[130,676,561,583]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060A97F7BFE9AFDFD" bold="true" box="[130,317,561,583]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Hoiokula pendens</emphasis> +(D.D. Palmer) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062867F78FCBFFDFD" bold="true" box="[685,792,561,582]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD29B7062867F78FCBFFDFD" box="[685,792,561,582]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7063337F7CFD05FDDA" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7063337F7CFD05FDDA" blockId="59.[121,1251,524,663]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD29B7063007F7CFF47FDDA" author="D. D. Palmer" journal="Amer. Fern J." page="81" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" score="85.37874681426794" volume="95" year="2005"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7063007F7CFB16FDFE" ID-CoL="8RB54" authority="D. D. Palmer, Amer. Fern J." authorityName="D. D. Palmer, Amer. 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Palmer" box="[246,568,592,609]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060DD7F19FE2DFDDA" box="[246,394,592,609]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Cyclosorus pendens</emphasis> +(D.D.Palmer) N. Snow +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70626A7F19FD31FDDA" bold="true" box="[577,662,592,609]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD29B70626A7F19FDDCFDDA" box="[577,635,592,609]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2H</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD29B7062A87F19FD31FDDA" box="[643,662,592,609]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="59" pageNumber="49">4B</figureCitation> +</emphasis> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d9b4a8b7bed --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,429 @@ +<document id="4AFB07E7805FD1BEFF466948FB6866D2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Leptogramma" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="A31AC468805373784E3EDAEF02A10E25" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="5D718A7CCA0CA84137AE0E30D1DA9F07"> +<mods:title id="CC4C8661C39C11996C8214CE9A654C02">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="B3BDEA0F47EE1655E85E8E605A0AE3A9" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="D101154D5BF79149C28FB6810956F28B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6871F74AE7874CB9DB767D8D4AA49EFD">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="4C7637197D0FC8873F2074DDC8627152">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="DE54419E93F0DC3FC7DBBCC40D40423A" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="1FBCD4DAB91F017045F9EFC685333860"> +<mods:roleTerm id="0A6F019A223A75FC34193BBF82851583">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="097BE5F4BF55F146C99A76F5966D12A7">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="9DC0942160185A6B0F23045548C53210">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="EDD8B295C101C8F07350C74D3EF53D29"> +<mods:dateIssued id="3F8E636C5DCF1C893FFC3CFF2E249B8E">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="1F77EA83B681A3F03AB30DCB8936CFCE">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="49645AE14C5F9DE4AD430F67B742ADAE"> +<mods:placeTerm id="3AAF4D3EFCF4DACA0D7EBCFFC36E4CF0">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="B5B042C788FE68967D9CA017E36B52F0">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" box="[572,797,703,729]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" blockId="59.[121,1250,703,791]" box="[572,797,703,729]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[572,797,703,729]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[572,797,703,729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" bold="true" box="[572,797,703,729]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">LEPTOGRAMMA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060527FAEFDE1FD46" box="[121,582,743,765]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060527FAEFDE1FD46" blockId="59.[121,1250,703,791]" box="[121,582,743,765]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD29B7060527FAEFDE5FD46" author="J. Sm., J. Bot." box="[121,578,743,765]" journal="J. Bot. (Hooker)" page="51" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" score="0.043924301147777345" volume="4" year="1842"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527FAEFE7CFD46" ID-CoL="8RG6T" authority="J. Sm., J. Bot." authorityName="J. Sm., J. Bot." box="[121,475,743,765]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527FAEFEAFFD47" bold="true" box="[121,264,743,764]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis> +J. Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) +</taxonomicName> +4:51.1842 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B70626E7FA2FCC1FCAE" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B70626E7FA2FCC1FCAE" blockId="59.[121,1250,703,791]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD29B7062737FA2FD05FD40" box="[600,674,747,763]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus> +(designated by Christensen,Ind.Fil.xxi.1905): +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064207FA2FF42FCAC" ID-CoL="8RBLB" authority="(Schltdl.) J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Schltdl." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="totta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064207FA2FB3FFD40" box="[1035,1176,747,763]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma totta</emphasis> +(Schltdl.) J. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060D17E4CFE77FCAE" ID-CoL="8R9ZS" authority="Schltdl." authorityName="Schltdl." box="[250,464,773,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Gymnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="totta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060D17E4CFE34FCAE" box="[250,403,773,789]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Gymnogramma totta</emphasis> +Schltdl. +</taxonomicName> +]— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7061CC7E4CFCC1FCAE" authority="(J. Sm.) C. V. Morton" box="[487,870,773,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Leptogramma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061CC7E4CFD9DFCAD" box="[487,570,773,790]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70624F7E4CFD6BFCAE" box="[612,716,773,789]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis> +(J.Sm.) C.V.Morton +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060B27E63FD93FCEC" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060B27E63FE3CFC87" blockId="59.[153,564,810,855]" box="[153,411,810,828]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060B27E63FEA4FC80" box="[153,259,810,827]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Craspedosorus</emphasis> +Ching & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD29B7061667E62FEC7FC80" box="[333,352,811,827]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD29B7061487E62FED2FC80" box="[355,373,811,827]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode> +. Chu +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060B27E0CFD93FCEC" blockId="59.[153,564,810,855]" box="[153,564,837,855]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +For additional generic synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B70619F7E0CFD97FCEC" author="Kuo" box="[436,560,837,855]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060527E25FBD8FC39" box="[121,1151,876,898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060527E25FBD8FC39" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" box="[121,1151,876,898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527E25FF5FFC3A" box="[121,248,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061307E25FEE0FC3A" box="[283,327,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">lepto</emphasis> +, slender + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061877E24FE51FC39" box="[428,502,877,898]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">gramme</emphasis> +, line, in reference to the linear sori on the veins ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7063E87E24FBD4FC39" author="Stewart" box="[963,1139,876,898]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart et al. 1983</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060837EC4FF69FA79" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060837EC4FF69FA79" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +Plants terrestrial or epipetric, of tropical and subtropical forest understories, streamsides and rocky banks, mostly small ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD29B7060907EE4FEB8FC79" box="[187,287,941,962]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10–50 cm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70611B7EE4FE28FC79" bold="true" box="[304,399,941,962]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping to erect, with ovate to lanceolate setose scales; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063D87EE4FB91FC79" bold="true" box="[1011,1078,941,962]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic to weakly dimorphic, erect to arching, pinnate to pinnate-pinnatisect; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063287E84FC99FC59" bold="true" box="[771,830,973,994]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to dull brown, terete (may not be visible upon drying), with long and/or short unicellular or multicellular hyaline acicular hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064357EA4FB36FBBA" bold="true" box="[1054,1169,1004,1026]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">stipe scales</emphasis> +ovate to lanceolate, castaneous, brown or pale, typically setose on margins and surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063437945FC0DFB9A" bold="true" box="[872,938,1036,1057]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, drying green, olivaceous or dark brown, hastate, ovate to lanceolate, apex gradually reduced, never pinna-like, blades often widest at or near the base, never with many pairs of gradually reduced proximal pinnae; proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527924FF18FB39" bold="true" box="[121,191,1133,1154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">pinnae</emphasis> +typically shallowly to deeply lobed, sometimes entire ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062E47924FCFCFB3A" box="[719,859,1132,1154]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyrtomioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062E47924FCFCFB3A" box="[719,859,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. cyrtomioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) to pinnatisect ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7063D77924FBFDFB39" box="[1020,1114,1133,1154]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063D77924FBFDFB39" box="[1020,1114,1133,1154]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. sinensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), pinna-bases adnate (especially distally) to short-petiolulate proximally, rounded or truncate, sometimes asymmetrical, but not strongly auricled; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70610F79E4FEFEFB79" bold="true" box="[292,345,1197,1218]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">veins</emphasis> +free, mostly simple to sometimes forking, or, if anastomosing (in sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063DD79E5FBDEFB7A" box="[1014,1145,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Haplogramma</emphasis> +), then two pairs or fewer meeting below the sinus at an acute angle; veins reaching laminar margins, or terminating before (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064E57984FF62FABA" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tottoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064E57984FF62FABA" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. tottoides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060F279A5FEEDFABA" bold="true" box="[217,330,1260,1281]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">aerophores</emphasis> +inconspicuous or absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70626379A4FC04FAB9" bold="true" box="[584,931,1260,1282]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">indument abaxially and adaxially</emphasis> +of stipes, rachises, costae, veins, and laminar tissue between veins with long and/or short hyaline acicular hairs, these unicellular (sect. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70646B7844FB18FA99" box="[1088,1215,1293,1314]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70646B7844FB18FA99" box="[1088,1215,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or multicellular (sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70611B7865FE14FAFA" box="[304,435,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Haplogramma</emphasis> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061EE7865FDBBFAFA" bold="true" box="[453,540,1324,1345]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062437864FD37FAF9" bold="true" box="[616,656,1325,1346]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">sori</emphasis> +linear to slightly elongate along ultimate veins ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD29B70647F7864FB3EFAF9" box="[1108,1177,1325,1346]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70647F7864FB3EFAF9" bold="true" box="[1108,1177,1325,1346]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); indusia absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060F47804FEE3FAD9" bold="true" box="[223,324,1357,1378]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">sporangia</emphasis> +with setulose capsules; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70620C7805FDCEFADA" bold="true" box="[551,617,1356,1377]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">spores</emphasis> +echinate ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7062E27804FC9DFAD9" author="Wood" box="[713,826,1357,1378]" firstAuthor="Wood" journalOrPublisher="J. Linn. Soc. Bot." pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="191 - 202" part="67" refId="ref115815" refString="WOOD, C. C. 1973. Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 67: 191 - 202." title="Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wood 1973</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7063697805FB8DFAD9" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[834,1066,1356,1378]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +), except in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064B87804FB7DFADA" box="[1171,1242,1356,1378]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pozoi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064B87804FB7DFADA" box="[1171,1242,1356,1378]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L.pozoi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has broad wings similar to spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062257825FC9BFA39" authority="(Patel et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Patel" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[526,828,1388,1410]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062257825FD2AFA3A" box="[526,653,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7062BC7824FC91FA39" author="Patel" box="[663,822,1388,1410]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +and one population of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70643F7825FBC7FA3A" box="[1044,1120,1388,1409]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70643F7825FBC7FA3A" box="[1044,1120,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L.pilosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, in which the echinae anastomose into loops ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B70618E78C4FD2FFA19" author="Watkins & Farrar" box="[421,648,1420,1442]" firstAuthor="Watkins" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="183 - 201" part="57" refId="ref115739" refString="WATKINS, J. E. & D. R. FARRAR. 2005. Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae). Brittonia 57: 183 - 201." title="Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Watkins & Farrar 2005</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062BC78C5FD05FA1A" box="[663,674,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">x</emphasis> += 36, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known, eight species counted. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060827885FC45F9F9" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060827885FC45F9F9" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060827885FE06FA5A" box="[169,417,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70610A7885FE06FA5A" box="[289,417,1484,1505]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptogramma</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +may be recognized by the combination of elongate exindusiate sori, setulose sporangia, and long hyaline acicular hairs on the adaxial laminae between veins. It is distinguished from its sister genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527B45FEA5F99A" box="[121,258,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527B45FEA5F99A" box="[121,258,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by veins free, or if anastomosing, only one or two pairs united below the sinus between adjacent lateral veins (vs. usually three or more), and by the presence of long multicellular hairs on rachises. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7760827B05FE5BFEEC" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060827B05FE34F899" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060827B05FE3DF9DA" box="[169,410,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—The 29 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70627E7B05FD72F9DA" box="[597,725,1612,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70627E7B05FD72F9DA" box="[597,725,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are most diverse in the Himalayan region, with numerous endemics in southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B70615D7B24FE13F939" box="[374,436,1645,1666]" name="China" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">China</collectingCountry> +, occurring from lower elevations up to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD29B7063067B24FCDFF93A" box="[813,888,1644,1666]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity> +. Within Asia, species extend north to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7060527BC5FF16F91A" box="[121,177,1676,1697]" name="Japan" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Japan</collectingCountry> +, west and south to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7061497BC4FE67F919" box="[354,448,1677,1698]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, and into eastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B70624E7BC4FD16F919" box="[613,689,1677,1698]" name="Malaysia" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, including the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7063177BC4FC0CF919" box="[828,939,1677,1698]" name="Philippines" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Philippines</collectingCountry> +, Java, and Sulawesi.One species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527BE5FF1CF97A" box="[121,187,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Gymnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="totta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527BE5FF1CF97A" box="[121,187,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. totta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is native to South and East Africa, another, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70624E7BE5FD09F97A" box="[613,686,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pozoi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70624E7BE5FD09F97A" box="[613,686,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. pozoi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, to southern Europe and North Africa; two are endemic to North America— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7061097B85FED7F95A" box="[290,368,1740,1761]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061097B85FED7F95A" box="[290,368,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. pilosa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7061A57B84FE71F959" box="[398,470,1741,1762]" name="Mexico" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Mexico</collectingCountry> +and Central America, and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062F37B85FCC5F95A" box="[728,866,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062F37B85FCF9F95A" box="[728,862,1740,1761]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burksiorum">L. burksiorum</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +in +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD29B7063AB7B84FC7FF959" box="[896,984,1741,1762]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Alabama</collectingRegion> +, in the southeastern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7064B47B84FF16F8B9" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7060977BA4FE05F8B9" author="Watkins & Farrar" box="[188,418,1772,1794]" firstAuthor="Watkins" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="183 - 201" part="57" refId="ref115739" refString="WATKINS, J. E. & D. R. FARRAR. 2005. Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae). Brittonia 57: 183 - 201." title="Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Watkins & Farrar 2005</bibRefCitation> +). They occur in shady forest understories and disturbed forest edges, or on rocky banks or cliffs, especially limestone. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760BB7DEBFE5BFEEC" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +This genus is unusual among tropical genera of the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762517DEBFCB8FF0C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[634,799,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +for having such a broad amphioceanic tropical or subtropical distribution coupled with many local endemics. Other comparable groups include +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77643E7D88FBC8FF6D" box="[1045,1135,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77643E7D88FBC8FF6D" box="[1045,1135,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is predominantly continental Asian with two native species in the Neotropics, or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763707DA8FC76FF4D" box="[859,977,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763707DA8FC76FF4D" box="[859,977,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which is most diverse in the Andes and Central America but has secondarily dispersed to Africa and several Pacific and Atlantic islands. Two genera, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760817C68FEAAFE8D" box="[170,269,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760817C68FEAAFE8D" box="[170,269,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761127C68FE1AFE8D" box="[313,445,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761127C68FE1AFE8D" box="[313,445,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, have diversified little, but are widely distributed in lowland tropics. Essentially all other genera are more regionally restricted. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B7760BA7C2BFF4EFB8C" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760BA7C2BFCC3FDCC" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760BA7C2BFE4CFECD" box="[145,491,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—John Smith’s (1842) original concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763A77C2BFBA9FECC" box="[908,1038,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763A77C2BFBA9FECC" box="[908,1038,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +included a diverse group of ferns with linear sori, including species now recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77632D7CC8FC43FE2D" authority=", Athyrium" authorityName="Athyrium" box="[774,996,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77632D7CC8FCD9FE2D" box="[774,894,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Amauropelta</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763A07CC8FC43FE2D" box="[907,996,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Athyrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7764377CC8FB65FE2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1052,1218,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7764377CC8FB65FE2D" box="[1052,1218,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77604A7CEBFF7BFE0C" author="Ching" box="[97,220,418,439]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="237 - 352" part="6" refId="ref107458" refString="CHING, R. C. 1936. A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 237 - 352." title="A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions" type="journal article" year="1936">Ching (1936</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7760CE7CEBFEB2FE0C" author="Ching" box="[229,277,418,439]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation> +) united most of the species we recognize today in his concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763A67CEBFBAAFE0C" box="[909,1037,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763A67CEBFBAAFE0C" box="[909,1037,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which was treated within a broadly defined +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77617C7C8BFE46FE6C" box="[343,481,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77617C7C8BFE46FE6C" box="[343,481,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77622E7C8BFD03FE6C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[517,676,450,471]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 10" part="31" refId="ref110356" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 a. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 10." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Iwatsuki (1964a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7762857C8BFD4BFE6C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[686,748,450,471]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 40" part="31" refId="ref110412" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 b. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 40." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">1964b</bibRefCitation> +). The Flora of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD59B7763517C8BFC11FE6C" box="[890,950,450,471]" name="China" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7763E87C8BFBF6FE6C" author="Lin" box="[963,1105,450,471]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +) recognized Ching’s genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760DC7CABFE26FE4C" box="[247,385,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760DC7CABFE26FE4C" box="[247,385,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761A67CABFDAAFE4C" box="[397,525,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761A67CABFDAAFE4C" box="[397,525,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77626E7CA8FD0CFE4D" box="[581,683,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Dictyocline</emphasis> +, plus the monotypic +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763577CA8FBA4FE4D" box="[892,1027,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Craspedosorus</emphasis> +, while +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7764607CABFB6DFE4C" author="PPG I" box="[1099,1226,482,503]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">PPG I (2016)</bibRefCitation> +adopted a broad concept of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77615E7F4BFDAEFDAC" box="[373,521,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77615E7F4BFDA2FDAC" box="[373,517,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +including all of these genera. With the recent publication of a densely sampled phylogeny—the first to include the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD59B7762267F6BFD9FFD8C" box="[525,568,546,567]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus> +of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77627E7F6BFD50FD8C" box="[597,759,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77627E7F6BFD79FD8C" box="[597,734,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName> +— +</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7762DC7F6BFC32FD8C" author="Kuo" box="[759,917,546,567]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +chose to recognize a two-genus system, although either +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77616C7F0BFE60FDEC" box="[327,455,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77616C7F0BFE60FDEC" box="[327,455,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD59B7761E67F0BFE4EFDEC" box="[461,489,578,599]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761E67F0BFE45FDEC" box="[461,482,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +plus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762377F0BFD02FDEC" box="[540,677,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762377F0BFD02FDEC" box="[540,677,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD59B7762807F0BFD60FDEC" box="[683,711,578,599]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762807F0BFD66FDEC" box="[683,705,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762CC7F0BFCD7FDEC" box="[743,880,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762CC7F0BFCD7FDEC" box="[743,880,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD59B77635D7F08FC28FDEC" box="[886,911,577,599]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77635D7F08FC2DFDED" box="[886,906,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is monophyletic. We adopt their classification here. For additional discussion, see our treatment of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762FE7F2BFCF9FDCC" box="[725,862,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762FE7F2BFCF9FDCC" box="[725,862,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760BA7FCBFD8EFCCC" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760BA7FCBFEB6FD2C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[145,273,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760BA7FCBFEB6FD2C" box="[145,273,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can be divided into two sections, sect. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762517FCBFD5DFD2C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[634,762,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762517FCBFD5DFD2C" box="[634,762,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77637E7FC8FC7EFD2D" box="[853,985,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Haplogramma</emphasis> +, which are recognized by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77604A7FEBFEA0FD0C" author="Kuo" box="[97,263,674,695]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +and correspond closely to the infrageneric classification of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763767FE8FC4DFD0D" ID-CoL="7M6H" box="[861,1002,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763767FE8FC4DFD0D" box="[861,1002,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +proposed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7764587FEBFF02FD6C" author="Iwatsuki" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 10" part="31" refId="ref110356" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 a. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 10." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Iwatsuki (1964a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7760847F8BFF4BFD6C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[175,236,706,727]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 40" part="31" refId="ref110412" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 b. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 40." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">1964b</bibRefCitation> +) with only +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761757F8BFE3DFD6C" ID-CoL="6KQKL" box="[350,410,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName> +revisions. Section +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77627B7F88FD73FD6D" box="[592,724,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Haplogramma</emphasis> +is strictly Asian, and is recognized by septate hairs along the stipes, whereas sect. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761557FABFE59FD4C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[382,510,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761557FABFE59FD4C" box="[382,510,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has a wider distribution (including Europe, Africa,and North America) and unicellular (vs. septate) hairs on stipes ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7761F57E4BFDD6FCAC" author="Kuo" box="[478,625,770,791]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +). The species within this section tend to be smaller, with more deeply lobed pinnae, and with exclusively free veins. Most necessary combinations in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763B97E6BFBB5FC8C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[914,1042,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763B97E6BFBB5FC8C" box="[914,1042,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7764147E68FB6FFC8D" ID-CoL="7M6H" box="[1087,1224,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7764147E68FB6FFC8D" box="[1087,1224,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have been made by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7761377E0BFE1DFCEC" author="Kuo" box="[284,442,834,855]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation> +, and we adopt their taxonomic concept here, including the inclusion of the monotypic genus +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760F97E28FEFEFCCD" box="[210,345,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Craspedosorus</emphasis> +within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761887E2BFD84FCCC" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[419,547,866,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761887E2BFD84FCCC" box="[419,547,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760A47ECBFF4EFB8C" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +Historically, the name +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77614E7ECBFDBDFC2C" ID-CoL="8RBL5" box="[357,538,898,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pozoi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77614E7ECBFDBDFC2C" box="[357,538,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma pozoi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +had been broadly applied to plants of both Europe and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD59B7764357ECBFBD0FC2C" box="[1054,1143,898,919]" name="China" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">East Asia</collectingCountry> +, but that taxon is now recognized as restricted to southern Europe and northern Africa, with Asian plants now treated as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77649D7EEBFECFFC6C" ID-CoL="8RBKZ" authority="(Kuo et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Kuo" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77649D7EEBFF63FC6D" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. mollissima</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7760E47E8BFEC5FC6C" author="Kuo" box="[207,354,962,983]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. However, considerable complexity in geographic, morphological, and ecological variation has been demonstrated within these taxa ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7761D17EABFD01FC4C" author="Yatabe" box="[506,678,994,1015]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yatabe" journalOrPublisher="J. Pl. Res." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="557 - 564" part="111" refId="ref115987" refString="YATABE, Y., M. TAKAMIYA, & N. MURAKAMI. 1998. Variation in the rbcL sequence of Stegnogramma pozoi subsp. mollissima (Thelypteridaceae) in Japan. J. Pl. Res. 111: 557 - 564." title="Variation in the rbcL sequence of Stegnogramma pozoi subsp. mollissima (Thelypteridaceae) in Japan" type="journal article" year="1998">Yatabe et al. 1998</bibRefCitation> +), as well as within the neotropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763DE7EABFBD2FC4C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[1013,1141,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763DE7EABFBD2FC4C" box="[1013,1141,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +lineages ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77604C794BFEF2FBAC" author="Watkins & Farrar" box="[103,341,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Watkins" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="183 - 201" part="57" refId="ref115739" refString="WATKINS, J. E. & D. R. FARRAR. 2005. Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae). Brittonia 57: 183 - 201." title="Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Watkins & Farrar 2005</bibRefCitation> +). Further detailed study of these groups may uncover unrecognized diversity deserving of species status. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B70626C7CA3FC0BFE4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B70626C7CA3FC0BFE4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e582c5e5be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B70626C7CA3FC0BFE4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,381 @@ +<document id="46B93171F5B4A82EADDBF061EBA66EAC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD39B70626C7CA3FC0BFE4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Hoiokula" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="FC1AAEB47A989124A14384DC06690867" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="59403ED898AAAFF940A0D1CD0CA4BBE2"> +<mods:title id="36ADE3BF0266700A1F81AF878A3CE5EB">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="8CE648BD631A1D2988DF6DBD1205921A" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="867A6A8966569E16D7C41B145382E7C2"> +<mods:roleTerm id="CFFF7FFE8CB4C850F25D0B096D995DC1">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="1D8251FA662DD42B9513141A099E80BB">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="8B29E20CC2AEAB456D99858106783E91" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="B50BD8B329A126DE6002C0E5FFBC7916"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2084B5537190D69EB24FB9CCC907194D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="D7822340A12B93CD450C59C009FAFBC1">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="E48D286C5B46F81B71E5ED608386D5B4">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="B48E1B9AF79BCA63A3534BDA2B94A241"> +<mods:dateIssued id="419971311271970E3ABD5F8A38163DA7">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="503976FFCD68F514E4BE13B467149455">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="F6FB089834056BA70D60708F4D513280"> +<mods:placeTerm id="1E491F1836D2880EC07EDC2C39861046">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="A4C6E06D78207646E49F0BDA465E2DA9">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD39B70626C7CA3FC0BFE4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD39B70626C7CA3FC0BFE4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD39B70626C7CA3FC0BFE4C" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B71626C7CA3FD45FDBF" box="[583,738,490,516]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B71626C7CA3FD45FDBF" blockId="58.[97,1225,490,577]" box="[583,738,490,516]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD39B71626C7CA3FD45FDBF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[583,738,490,516]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71626C7CA3FD45FDBF" ID-CoL="8RTZF" box="[583,738,490,516]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71626C7CA3FD45FDBF" bold="true" box="[583,738,490,516]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">HOIOKULA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B71604A7F5BFDA3FD9D" box="[97,516,529,551]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B71604A7F5BFDA3FD9D" blockId="58.[97,1225,490,577]" box="[97,516,529,551]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71604A7F5BFE06FD9C" authority="S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." box="[97,417,530,551]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71604A7F5BFF67FD9C" bold="true" box="[97,192,530,551]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7161807F58FDA3FD9D" bold="true" box="[427,516,529,550]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD39B7161807F58FDA3FD9D" box="[427,516,529,550]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B71622F7F5CFE49FDFA" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B71622F7F5CFE49FDFA" blockId="58.[97,1225,490,577]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD39B71623D7F5CFD92FD9E" box="[534,565,533,549]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD39B71623D7F5CFD92FD9E" box="[534,565,533,549]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162147F5CFC79FD9C" authority="(Brack.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[575,990,533,551]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162147F5CFD4DFD9D" box="[575,746,533,550]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula sandwicensis</emphasis> +(Brack.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163DA7F5CFE2AFDFA" authority="Brack., U. S. Expl. Exped., Filic." authorityName="Brack., U. S. Expl. Exped., Filic." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163DA7F5CFB6EFD9D" box="[1009,1225,533,550]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Stegnogramma sandwicensis</emphasis> +Brack.,U.S.Expl.Exped.,Filic. +</taxonomicName> +16:26.1854.] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B71604A7F1EFD24FD36" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B71604A7F1EFD24FD36" blockId="58.[97,1226,599,1804]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71604A7F1EFE98FDD7" box="[97,319,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Etymology.—Ho’i’o kula</emphasis> +is the common name for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71621A7F1EFD64FDD7" box="[561,707,599,620]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71621A7F1EFD64FDD7" box="[561,707,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">H. sandwicensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the native Hawaiian language ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B71642D7F11FB24FDD6" author="Palmer" box="[1030,1155,600,621]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer 2003</bibRefCitation> +), and it is valued for its edible fiddleheads ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7161877F31FDDEFD36" author="Pukui & Elbert" box="[428,633,632,653]" firstAuthor="Pukui" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, U. S. A. Available at wehewehe. org. Accessed Feb" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" part="2020" refId="ref113151" refString="PUKUI, M. K. & S. H. ELBERT. 2003. Hawaiian-English dictionary. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, U. S. A. Available at wehewehe. org. Accessed Feb 2020." title="Hawaiian-English dictionary" type="journal volume" year="2003"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD39B7161877F31FE4EFD36" box="[428,489,632,653]" country="Japan" name="Fukui" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pukui</collectingRegion> +& Elbert 2003 +</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B7160B97FD1FF1FFB16" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B7160B97FD1FF1FFB16" blockId="58.[97,1226,599,1804]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +Plants terrestrial, cremnophilous or rheophytic, from +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD39B7162847FD1FD4AFD17" box="[687,749,663,685]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity> +to> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD39B7163087FD1FCEDFD17" box="[803,842,663,685]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity> +tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163547FD1FC47FD16" bold="true" box="[895,992,664,685]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7164AF7FD1FB6EFD16" bold="true" box="[1156,1225,664,685]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">fronds</emphasis> +once-pinnate, monomorphic, erect ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7161907FFEFDEAFD77" box="[443,589,695,716]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7161907FFEFDEAFD77" box="[443,589,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">H. sandwicensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or pendent ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162F87FFEFC90FD77" authorityName=", Hobdy" authorityYear="2664" box="[723,823,695,716]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162F87FFEFC90FD77" box="[723,823,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">H. pendens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163607FF1FC21FD76" bold="true" box="[843,902,696,717]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous or dull brown, stipe bases and rhizome scales dull brown, glabrous or with short surficial hairs, ovate to linear-lanceolate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7164177F9EFBD9FD57" bold="true" box="[1084,1150,727,748]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous, drying green, lanceolate to broadly deltate, apex gradually reduced, with distal pinnae somewhat decurrent, proximal pinnae not or only slightly reduced, basal pair sometimes somewhat deflexed, proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7164A87E51FB6EFC96" bold="true" box="[1155,1225,792,813]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">pinnae</emphasis> +crenate, dentate, shallowly lobed (<halfway to costae), or subentire, typically straight, less commonly falcate, with acroscopic auricles, grooved adaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7161997E11FE40FCD6" bold="true" box="[434,487,856,877]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">veins</emphasis> +prominent abaxially and adaxially, anastomosing with several pairs uniting below the sinus into a zig-zag excurrent vein, veins ending at pinna margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163787E3EFC63FC37" bold="true" box="[851,964,887,908]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">aerophores</emphasis> +absent, or a small patch of darkened aerating tissue, sometimes slightly swollen or tuberculate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162C07ED1FC16FC16" bold="true" box="[747,945,920,941]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of broad-based (stout), tapering hyaline acicular hairs on veins and between veins, or restricted to veins, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163637EF1FBB7FC76" bold="true" box="[840,1040,952,973]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs on and between veins, hairs on stipes and rachises short (< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD39B7162E07E91FCA3FC56" box="[715,772,984,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +) and sparse ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163AF7E9EFBB3FC50" box="[900,1044,982,1004]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163AF7E9EFBB3FC50" box="[900,1044,982,1004]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">H. sandwicensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or long (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD39B7164A37E91FB65FC56" box="[1160,1218,984,1005]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +) and abundant ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160DA7EBEFEFAFBB0" box="[241,349,1014,1036]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7160DA7EBEFEFEFBB0" authorityName=", Hobdy" authorityYear="2664" box="[241,345,1014,1036]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">H. pendens</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD39B71614B7EB1FE04FBB6" box="[352,419,1016,1037]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71614B7EB1FE04FBB6" bold="true" box="[352,419,1016,1037]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), single-celled or septate; glands usually absent, but when present, spherical, translucent yellow-orange, on laminae, veins, and sporangia; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B716274795EFD11FB97" bold="true" box="[607,694,1047,1068]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163817951FC75FB96" bold="true" box="[938,978,1048,1069]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">sori</emphasis> +medial, round or elongate along veins, exindusiate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71617B7971FE12FBF6" bold="true" box="[336,437,1080,1101]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">sporangia</emphasis> +abundantly to sparsely setulose ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD39B7162DB7971FC91FBF6" box="[752,822,1080,1101]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162DB7971FC91FBF6" bold="true" box="[752,822,1080,1101]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2H</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), rarely glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163CB797EFB85FBF7" bold="true" box="[992,1058,1079,1100]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">spores</emphasis> +pale brown, with broad wings, in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71612B791EFE31FBD0" box="[256,406,1110,1132]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71612B791EFE31FBD0" box="[256,406,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">H. sandwicensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with secondary sculpturing of fimbriate microstructure ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7163E07911FB18FBD6" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[971,1215,1112,1133]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +). Ploidy and hybrids are unknown, but the basic chromosome number is likely to be +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163A8793EFC29FB37" box="[899,910,1143,1164]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">x</emphasis> += 36, as is the case for its closest relatives. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B7160BA79FEFD2CFA57" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B7160BA79FEFD2CFA57" blockId="58.[97,1226,599,1804]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160BA79FEFF54FB77" box="[145,243,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—In +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD39B71610D79F1FEC9FB76" box="[294,366,1208,1229]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hawaii</collectingRegion> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71615379FFFE6AFB70" box="[376,461,1206,1227]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71615379FFFE6AFB70" box="[376,461,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71628679FFFC36FB70" box="[685,913,1206,1227]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hudsoniana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71628679FFFC36FB70" box="[685,913,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Reholttumia hudsoniana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(formerly treated together with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71604A799FFF12FB50" box="[97,181,1238,1259]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71604A799FFF12FB50" box="[97,181,1238,1259]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7160FE799EFEC1FB57" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[213,358,1239,1260]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160FE799EFEC1FB57" box="[213,358,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7161597991FDAFFB56" author="Holttum" box="[370,520,1240,1261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7162397991FD2AFB56" author="Palmer" box="[530,653,1240,1261]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer 2003</bibRefCitation> +)), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71628E799FFD58FB50" box="[677,767,1238,1259]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71628E799FFD58FB50" box="[677,767,1238,1259]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71631D799EFC0DFB57" box="[822,938,1239,1260]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71631D799EFC0DFB57" box="[822,938,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by having setulose sporangia and exindusiate sori. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71610779BFFE27FAB0" box="[300,384,1270,1291]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71610779BFFE27FAB0" box="[300,384,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71627F79BFFD74FAB0" box="[596,723,1270,1291]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71627F79BFFD74FAB0" box="[596,723,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by pinnae incised less than halfway to the costae (vs. more than half-way).Hamate hairs are absent in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B716201785FFDD9FA90" box="[554,638,1302,1323]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B716201785FFDD9FA90" box="[554,638,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but frequent in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B716331785FFC3EFA90" box="[794,921,1302,1323]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B716331785FFC3EFA90" box="[794,921,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163EF785EFBEAFA97" box="[964,1101,1303,1324]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163EF785EFBEAFA97" box="[964,1101,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD39B716479785EFBC9FA97" box="[1106,1134,1303,1324]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B716479785EFBC0FA97" box="[1106,1127,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +Spores of most +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7160BF787EFEBAFAF7" box="[148,285,1335,1356]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160BF787EFEBAFAF7" box="[148,285,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B716160787EFDB3FAF6" box="[331,532,1335,1357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B716160787EFE6CFAF7" box="[331,459,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Leptogramma</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +are echinate, rather than winged, (a feature shared by +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71643E787FFBCEFAF0" box="[1045,1129,1334,1355]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71643E787FFBCEFAF0" box="[1045,1129,1334,1355]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7160EE781EFE9FFAD7" box="[197,312,1367,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160EE781EFE9FFAD7" box="[197,312,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B716167781FFE06FAD0" box="[332,417,1366,1387]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B716167781FFE06FAD0" box="[332,417,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +further differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B716247781EFD4AFAD7" box="[620,749,1367,1388]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B716247781EFD4AFAD7" box="[620,749,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having costae prominently grooved adaxially, vein endings reaching margins, multiple areoles below the sinuses (except in very small individuals), and presence of zig-zag excurrent veins. Until 2005, both species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71627578DFFD14FA10" box="[606,691,1430,1451]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71627578DFFD14FA10" box="[606,691,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +recognized herein were treated within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71641D78DEFF7FFA70" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71641D78DEFF7FFA70" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pneumatopteris sandwicensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7160C878FFFE21FA70" authorityName=", Hobdy" authorityYear="2664" box="[227,390,1462,1483]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160C878FFFE21FA70" box="[227,390,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula pendens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +represents one of the most recently recognized native species in the Hawaiian fern flora ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B71604C789EFF44FA57" author="Palmer" box="[103,227,1495,1516]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="58" pageNumber="48" pagination="80 - 83" part="95" refId="ref112655" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2005. Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii. Amer. Fern J. 95: 80 - 83." title="Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii" type="journal article" year="2005">Palmer 2005</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7160C0789EFE6BFA57" author="Vernon & Ranker" box="[235,460,1495,1516]" firstAuthor="Vernon" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="58" pageNumber="48" pagination="59 - 111" part="103" refId="ref115393" refString="VERNON, A. L. & T. A. RANKER. 2013. Current status of the ferns and lycophytes of the Hawaiian Islands. Amer. Fern J. 103: 59 - 111." title="Current status of the ferns and lycophytes of the Hawaiian Islands" type="journal article" year="2013">Vernon & Ranker 2013</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7161F8789EFD27FA57" author="Ranker" box="[467,640,1495,1516]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ranker" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="58" pageNumber="48" pagination="54 - 72" part="109" refId="ref113269" refString="RANKER, T. A., C. T. IMADA, K. LYNCH, D. D. PALMER, A. L. VERNON, & M. K. THOMAS. 2019. Taxonomic and nomenclatural updates to the fern and lycophyte flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Amer. Fern J. 109: 54 - 72." title="Taxonomic and nomenclatural updates to the fern and lycophyte flora of the Hawaiian Islands" type="journal article" year="2019">Ranker et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B7160BA78BFFEC9F9D7" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B7160BA78BFFEC9F9D7" blockId="58.[97,1226,599,1804]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160BA78BFFE49F9B0" box="[145,494,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7161B278BFFE49F9B0" box="[409,494,1526,1547]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hoiokula</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, distributed on all +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163DD78BEFB89F9B7" box="[1014,1070,1527,1548]" genus="The" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +islands ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7164A878BEFF34F997" author="Palmer" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer 2003</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7160B77B5EFF68F997" author="Palmer" box="[156,207,1559,1580]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="58" pageNumber="48" pagination="80 - 83" part="95" refId="ref112655" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2005. Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii. Amer. Fern J. 95: 80 - 83." title="Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii" type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation> +). The two recognized species differ in habit and habitat, with the larger, erect +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163937B5EFBECF990" box="[952,1099,1558,1580]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163937B5EFBECF990" box="[952,1099,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">H. sandwicensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occurring in forest understories and along stream margins, and the pendent +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162E37B7EFC89F9F0" authorityName=", Hobdy" authorityYear="2664" box="[712,814,1590,1612]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162E37B7EFC89F9F0" box="[712,814,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">H. pendens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occurring on damp rocks and cliffs, often near streams ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7160CD7B1EFEC4F9D7" author="Palmer" box="[230,355,1623,1644]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="58" pageNumber="48" pagination="80 - 83" part="95" refId="ref112655" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2005. Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii. Amer. Fern J. 95: 80 - 83." title="Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii" type="journal article" year="2005">Palmer 2005</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B7060BA7B3EFC0BFE4C" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B7060BA7B3EFC75FF6C" blockId="58.[97,1226,599,1804]" lastBlockId="59.[121,1249,162,503]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160BA7B3EFDEEF930" box="[145,585,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7161DE7B3FFDEEF930" box="[501,585,1654,1675]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hoiokula</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +bears considerable resemblance to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163B27B3EFB85F937" box="[921,1058,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163B27B3EFB85F937" box="[921,1058,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD39B71640C7B3FFBE7F937" box="[1063,1088,1654,1676]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71640C7B3FFB9CF930" box="[1063,1083,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, and the similarities must have been apparent to +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B7161967BDEFD25F917" author="Brackenridge" box="[445,642,1687,1708]" firstAuthor="Brackenridge" journalOrPublisher="Botany. Cryptogamia. Filices, including Lycopodiaceae and Hydropterides" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" part="16" refId="ref106659" refString="BRACKENRIDGE, W. D. 1854. United Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Botany. Cryptogamia. Filices, including Lycopodiaceae and Hydropterides Vol. 16. C. Sherman, Philadelphia, PA, U. S. A." title="United Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N." type="journal volume" year="1854">Brackenridge (1854)</bibRefCitation> +, who described the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD39B71636D7BDEFCD6F917" box="[838,881,1687,1708]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus> +species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163F77BDEFBC1F917" box="[988,1126,1687,1708]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163F77BDEFBC1F917" box="[988,1126,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and illustrated the elongate sori and setose sporangia in the protologue. Both of these features are shared by the three stegnogrammoid genera but are uncommon within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162777B9EFCA1F957" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[604,774,1751,1772]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +. Although +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD39B71635A7B9EFBB1F957" author="Holttum" box="[881,1046,1751,1772]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b)</bibRefCitation> +treated the plants recognized here in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71613E7BBFFECEF8B0" box="[277,361,1782,1803]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71613E7BBFFECEF8B0" box="[277,361,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7161DF7BBEFD23F8B7" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[500,644,1783,1804]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7161DF7BBEFD23F8B7" box="[500,644,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, he noted several characteristics that this “peculiar Hawaiian species” has in common with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7061B67DEBFD81FF0C" box="[413,550,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061B67DEBFD81FF0C" box="[413,550,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, such as “…venation of the apical lamina and a few thick hairs between veins on the upper surface of pinnae, and … somewhat elongate sori” ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7063387D8BFC6FFF6C" author="Holttum" box="[787,968,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" page="540" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982:540</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B70608C7DABFC0BFE4C" blockId="59.[121,1249,162,503]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49"> +Based on both concatenated and coalescent analyses (Fawcett et al. in press), the phylogenetic position of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064A77DA8FB47FF4D" box="[1164,1248,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064A77DA8FB47FF4D" box="[1164,1248,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is well-supported as sister to the stegnogrammoid ferns, which include the genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7063B07C48FBBEFEAD" box="[923,1049,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063B07C48FBBEFEAD" box="[923,1049,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70640D7C4BFB08FEAC" box="[1062,1199,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70640D7C4BFB08FEAC" box="[1062,1199,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527C6BFE3CFE8C" authority="(Kuo et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Kuo" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[121,411,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527C6BFF5EFE8C" box="[121,249,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B70612F7C6BFE32FE8C" author="Kuo" box="[260,405,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. These results should be interpreted with caution, however, since the analysis assumes a bifurcating tree. Preliminary evidence from plastid data (L. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD29B7062887C0BFD13FEEC" box="[675,692,322,343]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode> +. Kuo, unpubl. data), and conflicting topologies among gene trees (Fawcett et al. in press) suggest the possibility that this lineage may be of hybrid origin involving +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064137C2BFB1FFECC" box="[1080,1208,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064137C2BFB1FFECC" box="[1080,1208,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527CCBFF4AFE2C" box="[121,237,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527CCBFF4AFE2C" box="[121,237,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which occurs in Hawaii, Melanesia, and eastern Asia. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7063227CCBFC2DFE2C" box="[777,906,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063227CCBFC2DFE2C" box="[777,906,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distributed throughout Asia and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7060527CEBFF09FE0C" box="[121,174,418,439]" name="India" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry> +, and is scattered in Africa, Europe, and North America, while the genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70634C7CE8FC41FE0D" box="[871,998,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70634C7CE8FC41FE0D" box="[871,998,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70643F7CEBFB3AFE0C" box="[1044,1181,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70643F7CEBFB3AFE0C" box="[1044,1181,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD29B7064897CEBFB19FE0C" box="[1186,1214,418,439]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064897CEBFB10FE0C" box="[1186,1207,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +are both restricted to Southeast Asia and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7061C77C8BFD9DFE6C" box="[492,570,450,471]" name="Malaysia" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Malesia</collectingCountry> +. No species of these three genera have been collected in Hawaii. The hybrid origin hypothesis is currently under investigation (Fawcett, Kuo et al. in prep.). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e54b8e2f6f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79.xml @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +<document id="F84E5E261188066A6D4F16242DB8A8D3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Pronephrium sensu Holttum. These 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="379F3842D55E84606814EE5F2CD5E280" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="778ECC6CA7134F1F01D8847A07AA606E"> +<mods:title id="2C25D5B944AFE6FC3E1BDACF687C45B9">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="C3049D437A50E156E4B704F8A80E20BF" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="C8E20DCEE23410765E61A7479291077E"> +<mods:roleTerm id="F0FCDC044DF689C8E0EB46225DCE60A0">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="3EA56B4BC80A80F2ADA9350F5EB2D086">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="978640A22CD559CC4E9B7267E0A9A0CC" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9346E61332E0E652F139A1E09D8F802E"> +<mods:roleTerm id="73AA1A9C5A15810C3808A575B90BA7B5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="CE560B9FA1F797801E5B095FCEA44990">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="97D11E43174143B0D3DB951895EDAD19">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="ED71804D416EC6B8C7C0D8AADC7E82CB"> +<mods:dateIssued id="32455159390A120275D97AB719BBCA44">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="D134B688B7CD0FBFE9C660FDAC7E1B83">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="3CD793FBC3DE067C57018A58E73A4409"> +<mods:placeTerm id="93D4F8BCAFD4471296A596636B25EF90">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="A6AF82E609344F50D604844AF775836F">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076437" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B71604A7C24FC71FE79" blockId="58.[97,1225,364,450]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71604A7C24FF40FE3A" box="[97,231,364,386]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.— +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71612D7C25FE7BFE3A" box="[262,476,364,385]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71612D7C25FE21FE3A" ID-CoL="6WT2" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[262,390,364,385]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +insulare +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD39B7161C77C24FDA6FE39" box="[492,513,365,386]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode> +. Iwats.) Holttum (= × +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162CB7C25FC65FE3A" box="[736,962,364,385]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162CB7C25FCCCFE3A" ID-CoL="3P8N" box="[736,875,364,385]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chrinephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chrinephrium</taxonomicName> +insulare +</emphasis> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD39B7163FA7C24FC41FE39" box="[977,998,365,386]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode> +. Iwats.) Nakaike) and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71604A7CC5FE9BFE1A" ID-CoL="4MT7S" box="[97,316,396,417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thwaitesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71604A7CC5FE9BFE1A" box="[97,316,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pronephrium thwaitesii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +may represent triploid species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162A57CC5FD5EFE1A" ID-CoL="8RV2R" box="[654,761,396,417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162A57CC5FD5EFE1A" box="[654,761,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or, potentially, hybrids between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71646A7CC5FB39FE1A" ID-CoL="3P92" box="[1089,1182,396,417]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71646A7CC5FB39FE1A" box="[1089,1182,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71604A7CE5FE89FE7A" ID-CoL="8RC28" box="[97,302,428,449]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71604A7CE5FE89FE7A" box="[97,302,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Grypothrix triphyllum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but pending further study, we refrain from making new combinations. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C44FF77FEEE.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C44FF77FEEE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9b98e16f623 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C44FF77FEEE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +<document id="C26FBA05C02BC7D60BFF21AC65FF9A59" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD39B71604A7C44FF77FEEE" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Grypothrix triphylla S. 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S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[106,608,268,290]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160417C44FEE2FE99" bold="true" box="[106,325,269,290]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Grypothrix triphylla</emphasis> +(Sw.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162427C45FD7FFE9A" bold="true" box="[617,728,268,289]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD39B7162427C45FD7FFE9A" box="[617,728,268,289]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B7162F37C59FF77FEEE" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B7162F37C59FF77FEEE" blockId="58.[97,1228,161,341]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFD39B7162F37C59FF77FEEE" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162F37C59FD4CFE9B" box="[728,747,272,288]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162C07C59FC09FE9A" ID-CoL="8RC28" authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[747,942,272,289]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162C07C59FC29FE9A" box="[747,910,272,289]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Meniscium triphyllum</emphasis> +Sw. +</taxonomicName> +in +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD39B7163EC7C59FB11FE9A" author="Schrader" box="[967,1206,272,289]" journal="J. 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Bot. 1800:16. 1801 +</bibCitation> +</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7164937C59FB6EFE9B" box="[1208,1225,272,288]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71608A7C63FE3FFE87" ID-CoL="8R6LS" authority="(Sw.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[161,408,298,316]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71608A7C63FE9BFE80" box="[161,316,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Abacopteris triphylla</emphasis> +(Sw.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7161877C63FD17FE87" ID-CoL="8R4JZ" authority="(Sw.) Tardieu" authorityName="Tardieu" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[428,688,298,316]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphyllus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7161877C63FDEFFE80" box="[428,584,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Cyclosorus triphyllus</emphasis> +(Sw.) Tardieu +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162E87C63FC45FE87" ID-CoL="8RDMG" authority="(Sw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[707,994,298,316]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162E87C63FCD1FE80" box="[707,886,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pronephrium triphyllum</emphasis> +(Sw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163DE7C63FF77FEEE" ID-CoL="8RFMW" authority="(Sw.) K. Iwats." authorityName="K. Iwats." baseAuthorityName="Sw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triphylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163DE7C63FB2CFE80" box="[1013,1163,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Thelypteris triphylla</emphasis> +(Sw.) K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7D91FC5DFEBC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7D91FC5DFEBC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1a7144f3923 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7D91FC5DFEBC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +<document id="37BCA59EB07468C8A13EDEB954FEBE16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD39B71604A7D91FC5DFEBC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Grypothrix sulawesiensis S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Iwats.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats." box="[106,699,215,237]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulawesiensis" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160417D91FED4FF56" bold="true" box="[106,371,216,237]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Grypothrix sulawesiensis</emphasis> +(K. Iwats.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162E87D9EFC96FF56" bold="true" box="[707,817,213,237]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD39B7162E87D9EFC96FF56" box="[707,817,213,237]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B71631B7D93FC5DFEBC" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B71631B7D93FC5DFEBC" blockId="58.[97,1228,161,341]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71631B7D93FCE4FF50" box="[816,835,218,235]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD39B7163687D93FD21FEBC" author="K. Iwats." journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="162" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="28" year="1977"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163687D93FE59FEBC" ID-CoL="8RDMD" authority="K. Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot." authorityName="K. Iwats., Acta Phytotax. Geobot." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="rubicundum" subSpecies="sulawesiense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163687D93FBA5FF50" box="[835,1026,218,235]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pronephrium rubicundum</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum subsp. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71608A7DBCFEA6FEBD" box="[161,257,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">sulawesiense</emphasis> +K. Iwats., Acta Phytotax.Geobot. +</taxonomicName> +28:162,f.2 (1977) +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162B57DBCFC5DFEBC" ID-CoL="8RDMD" authority="(K. Iwats.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats." box="[670,1018,245,263]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulawesiense"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162B57DBCFCC3FEBD" box="[670,868,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pronephrium sulawesiense</emphasis> +(K.Iwats.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7DEBFBECFF6A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7DEBFBECFF6A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..84a5256bc39 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD39B71604A7DEBFBECFF6A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +<document id="B33FE94F55ADC864327CB810C106087F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD39B71604A7DEBFBECFF6A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Grypothrix simplex S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[106,639,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7160417DEBFE98FF0C" bold="true" box="[106,319,162,183]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Grypothrix simplex</emphasis> +(Hook.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162A17DE8FD5CFF0D" bold="true" box="[650,763,161,182]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD39B7162A17DE8FD5CFF0D" box="[650,763,161,182]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD39B7162D07DECFBECFF6A" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD39B7162D07DECFBECFF6A" blockId="58.[97,1228,161,341]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162D07DECFCA8FF0E" box="[763,783,165,181]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD39B7163247DECFB11FF0C" author="Hook." box="[783,1206,165,183]" journal="London J. Bot." page="294" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" score="5.032071861277886" volume="1" year="1842"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7163247DECFBF4FF0E" ID-CoL="8RC27" authority="Hook., London J. Bot." box="[783,1107,165,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7163247DECFC07FF0D" box="[783,928,165,182]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Meniscium simplex</emphasis> +Hook., London J. Bot. +</taxonomicName> +1:294. 1842 +</treatmentCitation> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7164937DECFB6EFF0E" box="[1208,1225,165,181]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B71608A7D89FE00FF6A" ID-CoL="8R6LR" authority="(Hook.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[161,423,192,209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71608A7D89FE92FF6A" box="[161,309,192,209]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Abacopteris simplex</emphasis> +(Hook.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B71618C7D89FE1DFF6A" box="[423,442,192,209]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">—</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7161917D89FD7FFF6A" ID-CoL="8RDMB" authority="(Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[442,728,192,209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7161917D89FDF1FF6A" box="[442,598,192,209]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Pronephrium simplex</emphasis> +(Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD39B7162C07D89FBA7FF6B" ID-CoL="8RFLY" authority="(Hook.) K. Iwats." authorityName="K. Iwats." baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[747,1024,192,209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7162C07D89FCDDFF6A" box="[747,890,192,209]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Thelypteris simplex</emphasis> +(Hook.) K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD39B7164237D89FB98FF6A" box="[1032,1087,192,209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[121,129,1754,1774]" captionTargetBox="[137,1235,163,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-8@23.[132,1243,157,1710]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 3.Grypothrix cuspidata,Lu 12803 (VT),A.habit.B. pinna,abaxial view.C. G.simplex, Lu 9270 (VT),habit." pageId="58" pageNumber="48"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD39B7164237D89FB98FF6A" bold="true" box="[1032,1087,192,209]" pageId="58" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD59B75622B78B3FC5FFD4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD59B75622B78B3FC5FFD4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fe436792b7b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD59B75622B78B3FC5FFD4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,552 @@ +<document id="77100171CD921B55E4081953FAA69B48" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD59B75622B78B3FC5FFD4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Macrothelypteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="0F87AD5B0A2CA48D542232B26C4C77CA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="8A435D16873805AA79EA83627F755B8D"> +<mods:title id="EF2EF1B50CA945B9AF5F790F0BD4E481">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="6FD6A00688D9987F5BFFDEC0DE0F31D0" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="24C623084A5A522E9A30A557C07480FE"> +<mods:roleTerm id="6EF69E3C7D7D4EB29FB641E83587C8BA">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="91D2372AEADF548803E084EA24D22DEA">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="68A23EA38C864E44F046726E96A976A8" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="F04D7BB1EF73B1374346B0E4BFE38E56"> +<mods:roleTerm id="BCC1CB437FA20AD7AD9599240AA2C4F9">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5779D0E7CCE279DADE8CCFAD7DB7B378">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="F2EAE6448F06CB25E514945DE0369581">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="D4D7D013B0470E0A0550A31F3B4D791D"> +<mods:dateIssued id="57CB00C3ECECB668656D953AE872DB3F">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="6A3E5A1CA785CEA61E2F30492E6D27D7">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="002B7079694F4EB76E27F5138BEA1B38"> +<mods:placeTerm id="02124B78268D688008B18DB8328031D3">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="E2A48137C6F27D59BC1D6FF0E1702A94">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD59B75622B78B3FC5FFD4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD59B75622B78B3FC5FFD4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD59B75622B78B3FC5FFD4C" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B77622B78B3FC8EF9AF" box="[512,809,1530,1556]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B77622B78B3FC8EF9AF" blockId="60.[97,1224,1530,1617]" box="[512,809,1530,1556]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD59B77622B78B3FC8EF9AF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[512,809,1530,1556]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77622B78B3FC8EF9AF" ID-CoL="5JQR" box="[512,809,1530,1556]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77622B78B3FC8EF9AF" bold="true" box="[512,809,1530,1556]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">MACROTHELYPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B77604A7B6BFD75F98C" box="[97,722,1570,1591]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B77604A7B6BFD75F98C" blockId="60.[97,1224,1530,1617]" box="[97,722,1570,1591]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD59B77604A7B6BFD69F98C" author="Ching" box="[97,718,1570,1591]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="308" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77604A7B6BFDFDF98C" ID-CoL="5JQR" authority="(H. Ito) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." authorityName="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." baseAuthorityName="H. Ito" box="[97,602,1570,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77604A7B6BFEB7F98C" bold="true" box="[97,272,1570,1591]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +(H. Ito) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. +</taxonomicName> +8:308. 1963 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B7762FA7B6CFE98F9EA" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7762FA7B6CFE98F9EA" blockId="60.[97,1224,1530,1617]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD59B7762C97B6CFCA5F98E" box="[738,770,1573,1589]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD59B7762C97B6CFCA5F98E" box="[738,770,1573,1589]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763217B6CFBF1F98C" ID-CoL="3XBWD" authority="(Baker) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[778,1110,1573,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligophlebia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763217B6CFC4FF98D" box="[778,1000,1573,1590]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Macrothelypteris oligophlebia</emphasis> +(Baker) Ching +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7764477B6CFE9CF9EA" ID-CoL="6S8NW" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligophlebium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7764477B6CFEADF9EA" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Nephrodium oligophlebium</emphasis> +Baker +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B7760AA7B2CFD9BF9CC" box="[129,572,1637,1655]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760AA7B2CFD9BF9CC" blockId="60.[129,572,1637,1655]" box="[129,572,1637,1655]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +For additional generic synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7761B77B2FFDADF9CC" author="Holttum" box="[412,522,1638,1655]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum,1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77623A7B2FFD90F9CC" author="Holttum" box="[529,567,1638,1655]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B77604A7BC5FE18F979" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B77604A7BC5FE18F979" blockId="60.[97,1225,1676,1794]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77604A7BC5FF6CF91A" box="[97,203,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761237BC5FEEBF91A" box="[264,332,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">makros</emphasis> +, large + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761887BC5FDB2F91A" box="[419,533,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761887BC5FDB7F91A" box="[419,528,1676,1697]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thelypteris</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +This genus has some of the largest and most deeply dissected (tripinnate-pinnatifid) fronds in the family. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B7660BA7B84FEA3FC4C" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7660BA7B84FEA3FC4C" blockId="60.[97,1225,1676,1794]" lastBlockId="61.[121,1255,162,1783]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +Plants terrestrial, fronds of determinate growth, mostly medium-sized to very large, 50–200+ cm tall; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7764407B84FB6EF959" bold="true" box="[1131,1225,1741,1762]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping to ascending or suberect, to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD59B7761D67BA4FD8BF8BA" box="[509,556,1772,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity> +diam., with brown to tan scales, these lanceolate, with scattered hairs along margins and sometimes sparingly on surface; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662417DEBFD0AFF0C" bold="true" box="[618,685,162,183]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">fronds</emphasis> +clustered, monomorphic, evergreen or dying in winter ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7664E37DEBFF70FF6D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664E37DEBFF70FF6D" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. viridifrons</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7660C27D8BFE83FF6C" bold="true" box="[233,292,194,215]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">stipes</emphasis> +to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B76616B7D8BFEDBFF6C" box="[320,380,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="80.0">80 cm</quantity> +long, +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B76619F7D8BFE50FF6C" box="[436,503,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity> +diam., not grooved adaxially, green or stramineous, less often castaneous (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7660527DABFEBCFF4C" box="[121,283,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ogasawarensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7660527DABFEBCFF4C" box="[121,283,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. ogasawarensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), sometimes glaucous (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7662017DABFD02FF4C" box="[554,677,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662017DABFD02FF4C" box="[554,677,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. torresiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662917DABFC89FF4D" bold="true" box="[698,814,225,247]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">stipe scales</emphasis> +lanceolate, stramineous to brown, +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B7664A87DABFB45FF4C" box="[1155,1250,226,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="2.0">2–20 mm</quantity> +long, thickened at their bases, usually with a hairlike tip, typically with marginal and superficial hairs and often with stipitate glands ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD49B7661337C6BFEC7FE8C" box="[280,352,290,311]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661337C6BFEC7FE8C" bold="true" box="[280,352,290,311]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2G</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661587C68FE12FE8D" bold="true" box="[371,437,289,310]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">blades</emphasis> +herbaceous to chartaceous, broadly deltate, to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B7663537C6BFC39FE8C" box="[888,926,290,311]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity> +long, usually broadest at bases or with proximal pinnae only slightly reduced (always lacking greatly reduced glanduliform pinnae), lacking buds or proliferations, pinnate-pinnatifid to bipinnate- or even tripinnate-pinnatifid, with blade apex gradually tapering and pinnatifid; rachises adaxially not grooved, bearing simple acicular, often septate hairs, sometimes with persistent scales that leave a stump or “wart” when breaking off (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7662A17CEBFCA0FE0D" box="[650,775,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="banaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662A17CEBFCA0FE0D" box="[650,775,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. banaensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76633F7CEBFC2DFE0D" box="[788,906,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiseta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76633F7CEBFC2DFE0D" box="[788,906,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. multiseta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7663BC7CEBFC51FE0C" box="[919,1014,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7663BC7CEBFC51FE0C" box="[919,1014,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. ornata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7664287CEBFBCDFE0C" box="[1027,1130,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664287CEBFBCDFE0C" box="[1027,1130,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. setigera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664547CEBFB61FE0C" bold="true" box="[1151,1222,418,439]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">pinnae</emphasis> +to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B7660527C8BFF74FE6C" box="[121,211,450,471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="15.0">15–35cm</quantity> +, subopposite proximally to alternate distally, subsessile or stalked, distal pinnae increasingly adnate, spreading or obliquely spreading, not grooved adaxially, truncate at bases, acute at tips, to ca. 15(–20) × 2(–3) cm wide, pinnatifid or pinnate-pinnatifid with pinnules adnate and sometimes interconnected at their bases, in larger species free, with or without acroscopic and/or basiscopic, more lobed basal auricles, sessile or nearly so; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7663F27F6BFBA8FD8C" bold="true" box="[985,1039,546,567]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">veins</emphasis> +free, often forking in ultimate segments, ± easily visible on both sides, vein ends clavate adaxially and not reaching segment margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7660527F28FF4DFDCD" bold="true" box="[121,234,609,630]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">aerophores</emphasis> +absent at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661EF7F2BFD2CFDCC" bold="true" box="[452,651,610,631]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">indument abaxially</emphasis> +usually of sparse to moderately dense unicellular or often septate hyaline acicular hairs 0.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B7661887FCBFE7CFD2C" box="[419,475,642,663]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity> +long, in some species also with costal scales (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7663E87FCBFB87FD2C" box="[963,1056,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7663E87FCBFB87FD2C" box="[963,1056,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. ornata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7664077FCBFB37FD2C" box="[1068,1168,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664077FCBFB37FD2C" box="[1068,1168,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. setigera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), blades often glabrescent with age, short-stipitate pale yellowish glands sometimes present along costae and costules; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664557FEBFF7FFD6C" bold="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline acicular hairs to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B7661D67F8BFD92FD6C" box="[509,565,706,727]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +long along costae, sometimes also with hairs and stalked glands on costules and ultimate veins, occasionally on laminar tissue between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7663377FA8FCD4FD4D" bold="true" box="[796,883,737,758]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminae between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664927FABFB46FD4C" bold="true" box="[1209,1249,738,759]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">sori</emphasis> +medial to supramedial, round, exindusiate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7662307E4BFDD1FCAC" box="[539,630,770,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662307E4BFDD1FCAC" box="[539,630,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. ornata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or usually with small indusia to ca. 0.3 mm diam. (often hidden in mature sori), sori not confluent at maturity; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662137E6BFD3AFC8C" bold="true" box="[568,669,802,823]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or with 1–3 short-stipitate glands ca. 0.05 mm long adjacent to annulus on capsule, sporangial stalks short; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662AD7E08FD6FFCED" bold="true" box="[646,712,833,854]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">spores</emphasis> +tan to brown, ± winged or with a fine reticulate network, but lacking a low polygonal network of ridges as in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76627E7E28FCA1FCCD" box="[597,774,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76627E7E28FCA5FCCD" box="[597,770,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudophegopteris</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +Perforations in the perine (resembling those of the distantly related +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661367EC8FE3CFC2D" box="[285,411,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7661367EC8FE30FC2D" box="[285,407,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amauropelta</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +but generally coarser) characterize the genus (although lacking in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7664017ECBFB0FFC2D" box="[1066,1192,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664017ECBFB0FFC2D" box="[1066,1192,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. viridifrons</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and distinguish it from other +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76614D7EEBFDB0FC0C" box="[358,535,930,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B76620A7EEBFD0DFC0C" author="Holttum" box="[545,682,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7662997EEBFC3DFC0C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[690,922,930,951]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7663897EEBFBE6FC0C" author="Patel" box="[930,1089,930,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +). +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7664657EEBFBFEFC0C" box="[1102,1113,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">x</emphasis> += 31, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known, with five spp. counted. No hybridization with any other genus has been demonstrated. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD49B766082794BFC3BFACC" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD49B766082794BFC3BFACC" blockId="61.[121,1255,162,1783]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B766082794BFE1AFBAD" box="[169,445,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76610A7948FE1AFBAD" box="[289,445,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Macrothelypteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is most closely related to both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7662CA7948FC2CFBAD" box="[737,907,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662CA7948FC2CFBAD" box="[737,907,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7663937948FB86FBAD" box="[952,1057,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7663937948FB86FBAD" box="[952,1057,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which all share the characteristic of lacking grooves along the rachis and costae adaxially. This separates them from all other genera of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B766052790BFE87FBEC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[121,288,1090,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7661417908FE5DFBED" box="[362,506,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661417908FE5DFBED" box="[362,506,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and some +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B766276790BFD7AFBEC" box="[605,733,1090,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B766276790BFD7AFBEC" box="[605,733,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, both of which are generally much smaller plants than +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7660527928FEBEFBCD" box="[121,281,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7660527928FEBEFBCD" box="[121,281,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The conspicuous septate hairs, more alternate pinnae, and usually indusiate sori easily separate +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76605279C8FEB2FB2D" box="[121,277,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76605279C8FEB2FB2D" box="[121,277,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76616679C8FE51FB2D" box="[333,502,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76616679C8FE51FB2D" box="[333,502,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76622A79C8FDCCFB2D" box="[513,619,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76622A79C8FDCCFB2D" box="[513,619,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a genus of temperate, and high tropical montane environments, not occurring with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76611179E8FE70FB0D" box="[314,471,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76611179E8FE70FB0D" box="[314,471,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and has medial pinnae adnate to rachis (vs. mostly free). Tryon and Lugardon (1991) photographed spores of four species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7662167988FD7DFB6D" box="[573,730,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662167988FD7DFB6D" box="[573,730,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76636C798BFC43FB6D" box="[839,996,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76636C798BFC43FB6D" box="[839,996,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. polypodioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76643D798BFBDBFB6C" box="[1046,1148,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76643D798BFBDBFB6C" box="[1046,1148,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. setigera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7664A2798BFEAAFB4C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +; figs. 151.1–151.4, respectively) are similar and show a fine reticulate perispore, somewhat similar to spores of many neotropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7661AE7848FD8BFAAD" box="[389,556,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661AE7848FE5BFAAD" box="[389,508,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Amauropelta</emphasis> +spp. +</taxonomicName> +, e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76624B7848FD6BFAAC" box="[608,716,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76624B7848FD6BFAAC" box="[608,716,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">A. concinna</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(fig. 149.5); spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B766389784BFC59FAAC" box="[930,1022,1282,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B766389784BFC59FAAC" box="[930,1022,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. ornata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B766404784BFB0CFAAC" box="[1071,1195,1282,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B766404784BFB0CFAAC" box="[1071,1195,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. torresiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(figs. 152.5, 152.7, respectively) have coarser, irregular folds, with small perforations, more like those of the Asian amauropeltoids (fig. 149.16). Even considering this variation, and incomplete sampling, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76637E7808FC56FAED" box="[853,1009,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76637E7808FC56FAED" box="[853,1009,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +appears to be readily differentiated from both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7661637828FE15FACD" box="[328,434,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661637828FE15FACD" box="[328,434,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7661CB7828FD2DFACD" box="[480,650,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7661CB7828FD2DFACD" box="[480,650,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +based on spore morphology. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD49B76608278C8FB0CF90D" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD49B76608278C8FB0CF90D" blockId="61.[121,1255,162,1783]" pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B76608278C8FDF7FA2D" box="[169,592,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B76619F78C8FDF7FA2D" box="[436,592,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Macrothelypteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises about 10 species, which are confined to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B76646878CBFB11FA2C" box="[1091,1206,1410,1431]" name="Madagascar" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Madagascar</collectingCountry> +and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B76620678EBFDC5FA0C" box="[557,610,1442,1463]" name="India" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry> +, and continental eastern Asia, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B7663BA78EBFC4BFA0C" box="[913,1004,1442,1463]" name="Australia" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B7663DD78EBFBE4FA0C" box="[1014,1091,1442,1463]" name="Malaysia" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, and Polynesia (to the Society and Austral Islands; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B766204788BFD1FFA6C" author="Holttum" box="[559,696,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation> +). +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD49B7662EC788BFD70FA6C" box="[711,727,1474,1495]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +single species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B766341788BFC41FA6C" box="[874,998,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B766341788BFC41FA6C" box="[874,998,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. torresiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is widely introduced and abundantly naturalized in the New World tropics and subtropics, extending from South Carolina and Arkansas to Florida and Louisiana ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B76614F7B4BFE54F9AC" author="Leonard" box="[356,499,1538,1559]" firstAuthor="Leonard" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="97 - 99" part="62" refId="ref111063" refString="LEONARD, S. W. 1972. The distribution of Thelypteris torresiana in the southeastern United States. Amer. Fern J. 62: 97 - 99." title="The distribution of Thelypteris torresiana in the southeastern United States" type="journal article" year="1972">Leonard 1972</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7661D57B4BFDDAF9AC" author="Smith" box="[510,637,1538,1559]" editor="New York, U. S. A. & Oxford, UK" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="206 - 222" part="2" refId="ref114450" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1993 a. Thelypteridaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol 2. Oxford University Press, New York, U. S. A. and Oxford, UK. Pp. 206 - 222." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" year="1993" yearSuffix="a">Smith 1993a</bibRefCitation> +), southward into the Antilles, southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B7664387B4BFBF8F9AC" box="[1043,1119,1538,1559]" name="Mexico" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Mexico</collectingCountry> +, and Central America, and further south through much of South America to northern +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7663067B6BFC2AF98C" box="[813,909,1570,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina</taxonomicName> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B7663907B6BFBA7F98C" box="[955,1024,1570,1591]" name="Bolivia" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +; it is also naturalized in Natal, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B76609C7B0BFE97F9EC" box="[183,304,1602,1623]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">South Africa</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7661107B0BFE61F9EC" author="Burrows" box="[315,454,1602,1623]" firstAuthor="Burrows" journalOrPublisher="Frandsen Publishers, Sandton, South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" refId="ref107068" refString="BURROWS, J. E. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton, South Africa." title="Southern African ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="1990">Burrows 1990</bibRefCitation> +), Hawai’i ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7662037B0BFD02F9EC" author="Palmer" box="[552,677,1602,1623]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer 2003</bibRefCitation> +), and perhaps elsewhere. The greatest diversity in the genus is in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD49B7660837B2BFF41F9CC" box="[168,230,1634,1655]" name="China" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">China</collectingCountry> +, with six species (but only one endemic, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7662587B2BFD57F9CC" box="[627,752,1634,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contingens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662587B2BFD57F9CC" box="[627,752,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">M. contingens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), one with two varieties ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7663CE7B2BFBD5F9CC" author="Lin" box="[997,1138,1633,1655]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +). Species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7660527BC8FEB2F92D" box="[121,277,1665,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7660527BC8FEB2F92D" box="[121,277,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occur mainly in forests (but not in deep shade) or along forest margins, along trails and streams, and in shaded wet places, often in areas with some sun or in disturbed areas, at low to middle elevations from +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD49B76646E7BEBFB01F90D" box="[1093,1190,1697,1719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2100 m</quantity> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD49B7560827B8BFB6EFD8C" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD49B7560827B8BFEBFFF4C" blockId="61.[121,1255,162,1783]" lastBlockId="62.[97,1227,161,759]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="61" pageNumber="51"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7660827B8BFE51F96D" box="[169,502,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—Both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7662147B88FD7CF96D" box="[575,731,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7662147B88FD7CF96D" box="[575,731,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD49B7663227B88FC14F96D" box="[777,947,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD49B7663227B88FC14F96D" box="[777,947,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="51">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +were first recognized at generic rank by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7660E37BABFEEEF94C" author="Ching" box="[200,329,1762,1783]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +. Holttum’s studies further clarified their distinction and differences ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7663F37BABFBC5F94C" author="Holttum" box="[984,1122,1762,1783]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum 1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7664417BABFB3DF94C" author="Holttum" box="[1130,1178,1762,1783]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD49B7664887BABFB79F94C" author="Holttum" box="[1187,1246,1762,1783]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="61" pageNumber="51" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B75604A7DEBFF3AFF0C" author="Holttum" box="[97,157,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B75608C7DEBFF7EFF0C" author="Holttum" box="[167,217,162,183]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). See comments under +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75619D7DE8FDC7FF0D" box="[438,608,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75619D7DE8FDC7FF0D" box="[438,608,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for distinctions between the two genera. These two genera have retained their rank in publications on the family by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7562647D8BFD6AFF6C" author="Smith" box="[591,717,194,215]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD79B7562647D8BFD2EFF6C" box="[591,649,194,215]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1990) +</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7562FD7D8BFC2FFF6C" author="Smith" box="[726,904,194,215]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="705 - 731" part="55" refId="ref114696" refString="SMITH, A. R., K. M. PRYER, E. SCHUETTPELZ, P. KORALL, H. SCHNEIDER, & P. G. WOLF. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55: 705 - 731." title="A classification for extant ferns" type="journal article" year="2006"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD79B7562FD7D8BFCB7FF6C" box="[726,784,194,215]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Smith</collectingRegion> +et al. (2006) +</bibRefCitation> +, and in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7563F87D8BFBE9FF6C" author="PPG I" box="[979,1102,194,215]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">PPG I (2016)</bibRefCitation> +, as well as in many recent floras. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560A47C4BFC12FE4C" blockId="62.[97,1227,161,759]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +In our analyses (Fawcett et al. in press), and also those of He and Zhang (2012), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B75635D7C4BFBEEFEAC" author="Schneider" box="[886,1097,258,279]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="61 - 70" part="51" refId="ref113867" refString="SCHNEIDER, H., L-J. HE, J. MARQUARDT, L. WANG, J. HEINRICHS, S. HENNEQUIN, & X-C. ZHANG. 2013. Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 61 - 70." title="Exploring the origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient: contrasting the sister fern genera Phegopteris and Pseudophegopteris" type="journal article" year="2013">Schneider et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +, and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7564537C4BFF77FE8C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7560F37C68FED3FE8D" box="[216,372,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560F37C68FED3FE8D" box="[216,372,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is monophyletic and sister to the clade +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562CF7C68FCE8FE8D" box="[740,847,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562CF7C68FCE8FE8D" box="[740,847,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> ++ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7563497C68FBACFE8D" box="[866,1035,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7563497C68FBACFE8D" box="[866,1035,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. These three genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75604A7C0BFF14FEEC" box="[97,179,322,343]" form="the" genus="The" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" rank="form">form the</taxonomicName> +subfamily +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561317C0BFC82FEEC" authority="Salino, A. R. Sm. & T. E. Almeida. All" authorityName="Salino, A. R. Sm. & T. E. Almeida. All" box="[282,805,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae Salino, A.R. Sm. & T.E. Almeida.All</taxonomicName> +are free-veined, often with forked veins, and the veins end before reaching the segment margins. They were clearly understood and delineated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7564057C2BFB61FECC" author="Holttum" box="[1070,1222,354,375]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969)</bibRefCitation> +, who provided a revision/synopsis of these genera in the same paper. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7563217CCBFC3BFE2C" author="Holttum" box="[778,924,386,407]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Gardens' Bull. (Singapore)" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="267 - 298" part="11" refId="ref109375" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1947. New species of vascular plants from the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bull. (Singapore) 11: 267 - 298." title="New species of vascular plants from the Malay Peninsula" type="journal article" year="1947">Holttum (1947</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B75638E7CCBFC71FE2C" author="Holttum" box="[933,982,386,407]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7563CA7CCBFBB5FE2C" author="Holttum" box="[993,1042,386,407]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) believed the phegopteroid genera in particular, but all of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561F77CEBFD24FE0C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[476,643,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, to be related to Cyatheaceae ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7563B67CEBFB83FE0C" author="Holttum" box="[925,1060,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Gardens' Bull. (Singapore)" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="267 - 298" part="11" refId="ref109375" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1947. New species of vascular plants from the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bull. (Singapore) 11: 267 - 298." title="New species of vascular plants from the Malay Peninsula" type="journal article" year="1947">Holttum 1947</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7564007CEBFBFBFE0C" author="Holttum" box="[1067,1116,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B75644F7CEBFB31FE0C" author="Holttum" box="[1124,1174,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). The +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75604A7C8BFEB2FE6C" box="[97,277,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName> +do indeed +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561AF7C8BFE7DFE6C" box="[388,474,450,471]" form="the" genus="The" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" rank="form">form the</taxonomicName> +earliest diverging branch in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562D37C8BFC07FE6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[760,928,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +in molecular analyses, but all recent evidence suggests that they are not closely related to, or derived from, Cyatheaceae. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560BB7F4BFB6EFD8C" blockId="62.[97,1227,161,759]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +All necessary combinations in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561937F48FDF3FDAD" box="[440,596,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561937F48FDF3FDAD" box="[440,596,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have been made by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B75633C7F4BFC3FFDAC" author="Ching" box="[791,920,514,535]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7563ED7F4BFBF1FDAC" author="Holttum" box="[966,1110,514,535]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7564747F4BFB36FDAC" author="Holttum" box="[1119,1169,514,535]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). One African species,heretofore included in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561E77F68FDCFFD8D" box="[460,616,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561E77F68FDCFFD8D" box="[460,616,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7562AD7F6BFCE9FD8C" author="Pichi Sermolli" box="[646,846,546,567]" firstAuthor="Pichi Sermolli" journalOrPublisher="I. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="177 - 284" part="53" refId="ref112883" refString="PICHI SERMOLLI, R. E. G. 1983. A contribution to the knowledge of the Pteridophyta of Rwanda, Burundi, and Kivu (Zaire). I. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 53: 177 - 284." title="A contribution to the knowledge of the Pteridophyta of Rwanda, Burundi, and Kivu (Zaire)" type="journal article" year="1983">Pichi Sermolli (1983)</bibRefCitation> +, is here transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7564327F68FB65FD8D" box="[1049,1218,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7564327F68FB65FD8D" box="[1049,1218,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B7560BA7F0BFEC2FD0C" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560BA7F0BFEC2FD0C" blockId="62.[97,1227,161,759]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560BA7F0BFE9CFDEC" box="[145,315,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561737F08FCD8FDEC" authority="(Tardieu & C. Chr.) Christenh." authorityName="Christenh." baseAuthorityName="Tardieu & C. Chr." box="[344,895,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="banaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561737F08FDE8FDED" box="[344,591,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Macrothelypteris banaensis</emphasis> +(Tardieu & C. Chr.) Christenh. +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7563AD7F0BFC28FDEC" box="[902,911,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7563BB7F0BFBE8FDEC" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[912,1103,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contingens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7563BB7F0BFBAAFDEC" box="[912,1037,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. contingens</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7564737F0BFF57FDCC" authority="(Baker) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiseta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7564737F0BFB6DFDED" box="[1112,1226,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. multiseta</emphasis> +(Baker) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560D17F2BFEB7FDCC" box="[250,272,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">**</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75613B7F2BFDC0FDCC" authority="(Nakai) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Nakai" box="[272,615,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ogasawarensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75613B7F2BFE1FFDCC" box="[272,440,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. ogasawarensis</emphasis> +(Nakai) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75625A7F2BFDDCFDCC" box="[625,635,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562517F2BFC05FDCC" authority="(Baker) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[634,930,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligophlebia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562517F2BFCABFDCD" box="[634,780,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. oligophlebia</emphasis> +(Baker) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7563E97F2BFF38FD2C" authority="(Wall. ex Bedd.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ornata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7563E97F2BFB86FDCC" box="[962,1057,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. ornata</emphasis> +(Wall. ex Bedd.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7560997FCBFE53FD2C" authority="(Hook.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[178,500,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polypodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560997FCBFEEAFD2D" box="[178,333,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. polypodioides</emphasis> +(Hook.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD79B75622A7FCBFDEFFD2C" box="[513,584,642,663]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75622A7FCBFDEFFD2C" bold="true" box="[513,584,642,663]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2G</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562707FCBFCF3FD2C" authority="(Blume) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[603,852,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562707FCBFD19FD2C" box="[603,702,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. setigera</emphasis> +(Blume) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75634C7FCBFB36FD2C" authority="(Gaudich.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Gaudich." box="[871,1169,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75634C7FCBFC44FD2C" box="[871,995,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. torresiana</emphasis> +(Gaudich.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75649B7FCBFEC2FD0C" authority="(Tagawa) Ching." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75649B7FCBFF66FD0D" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. viridifrons</emphasis> +(Tagawa) Ching. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B7560BA7F88FC5FFD4C" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560BA7F88FC5FFD4C" blockId="62.[97,1227,161,759]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560BA7F88FE8CFD6C" box="[145,299,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Excluded species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561627F88FD14FD6C" authority="Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." box="[329,691,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rammelooi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561627F88FDF7FD6D" box="[329,592,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Macrothelypteris rammelooi</emphasis> +Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> += +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562E07F88FF63FD4C" authority="(Pic. Serm.) A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." authorityName="A. R. Sm. & S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Pic. Serm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rammelooi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562E07F88FC47FD6D" box="[715,992,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Pseudophegopteris rammelooi</emphasis> +(Pic.Serm.) A.R. Sm. & S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7560E07FABFE06FD4C" authority="(Rosenst.)" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[203,417,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uraiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560E07FABFE9CFD4C" box="[203,315,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M.uraiensis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD79B75618E7FABFE10FD4C" box="[421,439,738,759]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +. LÖve & D. LÖve = +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562427FA8FC5FFD4C" authority="(Rosenst.) Ching" box="[617,1016,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uraiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562427FA8FCF6FD4C" box="[617,849,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Metathelypteris uraiensis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) 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class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77632F793CFC17FB3E" box="[772,944,1141,1157]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma crenata</emphasis> +Holttum,Blumea +</taxonomicName> +33:404.1988 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8f4965c17d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69.xml @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +<document id="62ECA7980FF48971D57A1649BDB476E9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" 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+<mods:role id="B922B41D606E9A98B760117C779908B9"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4C7878475CB9C56EE188BCF76C00BD54">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="551AFD93A4B32AC1819EA95816D719FD">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="FE08D0748C3A31E19485A532DF1779EE" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="A6D159F845E6903304CB24CFD578038E"> +<mods:roleTerm id="8EF7821C188C6D4475AF82D822E1FEC5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7D8647913D95C9108B4AD66BBFDA4198">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="DD69684DE97EE076EE9895B5795C039D">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="9534879018051EFEBE31612EA3B8300B"> +<mods:dateIssued id="3776772095E9285996DDE105808BBD76">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="06C66AE86A43A748E15D936648F2A97C">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="AF15E75131C4DAD29D10C7A60161F5F0"> +<mods:placeTerm id="84002BE736804DF3715FC781B8E46C49">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="8A33B52B0EFEC13469F75CE499B2FB62">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B77604A79D5FBB9FA69" blockId="60.[97,1227,1180,1490]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77604A79D5FE99FB0A" box="[97,318,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Constituent species.—**</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77611579D5FDC7FB0A" ID-CoL="8RBK9" authority="Tagawa" authorityName="Tagawa" box="[318,608,1180,1201]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77611579D5FDB4FB0A" box="[318,531,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma amabilis</emphasis> +Tagawa +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77625579D4FB62FB0A" ID-CoL="8RBKC" authority="(J. E. Watkins & Farrar) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="J. E. Watkins & Farrar" box="[638,1221,1180,1202]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burksiorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77625579D4FD58FB0A" box="[638,767,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. burksiorum</emphasis> +(J.E. Watkins & Farrar) Y.H.Chang & L.Y.Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77604A79F4FEA4FB69" ID-CoL="8RBKF" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[97,259,1212,1234]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celebica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77604A79F4FF67FB6A" box="[97,192,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. celebica</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77610B79F4FDD5FB69" ID-CoL="8RBKG" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[288,626,1212,1234]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="centrochinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77610B79F4FE63FB6A" box="[288,452,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. centrochinensis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762BB79F4FBC2FB6A" ID-CoL="8RBKH" authority="(Fraser-Jenk.) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="Fraser-Jenk." box="[656,1125,1212,1234]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chandrae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762BB79F4FD5BFB6A" box="[656,764,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. chandrae</emphasis> +(Fraser-Jenk.) Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77644779F4FE32FB49" ID-CoL="8RF6W" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77644779F4FB6FFB69" box="[1132,1224,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. crenata</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77618D7994FCC2FB4A" ID-CoL="8RBKJ" authority="(C. Chr.) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[422,869,1244,1266]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyrtomioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77618D7994FD97FB4A" box="[422,560,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. cyrtomioides</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763A97994FF6DFAAA" ID-CoL="8RBKK" authority="(Holttum) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dissitifolia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763A97994FC53FB4A" box="[898,1012,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. dissitifolia</emphasis> +(Holttum) Y.H. Chang & L.Y.Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760F979B4FE48FAA9" ID-CoL="8RBKL" authority="(Copel.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[210,495,1277,1298]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760F979B4FEFBFAA9" box="[210,348,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. gymnocarpa</emphasis> +(Copel.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77622979B4FD12FAA9" ID-CoL="8S8T2" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[514,693,1276,1298]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="himalaica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77622979B4FDD4FAAA" box="[514,627,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L.himalaica</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77629679B4FC56FAA9" ID-CoL="8RBKN" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[701,1009,1276,1298]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huishuiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77629679B4FCE2FAAA" box="[701,837,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. huishuiensis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77642579B4FEF0FA8A" ID-CoL="5YH3R" authority="Ching ex Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77642579B4FB2EFAAA" box="[1038,1161,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. intermedia</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.H. Chang & L.Y.Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761747854FD38FA89" ID-CoL="8S8T6" authority="Ching & Z. Y. Liu" authorityName="Ching & Z. Y. Liu" box="[351,671,1308,1330]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jinfoshanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761747854FE50FA8A" box="[351,503,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. jinfoshanensis</emphasis> +Ching & Z.Y. Liu +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77628D7854FBA2FA8A" ID-CoL="8S8T7" authority="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" box="[678,1029,1308,1330]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jinyunensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77628D7854FC82FA89" box="[678,805,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. jinyunensis</emphasis> +Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77643C7854FE1DFAEA" ID-CoL="5YGR6" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="Y. X. Lin" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latipinna"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77643C7854FB26FA8A" box="[1047,1153,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. latipinna</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761E67874FC75FAEA" ID-CoL="8RBKT" authority="(K. Iwats.) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats." box="[461,978,1340,1362]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptogrammoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761E67874FD25FAEA" box="[461,642,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. leptogrammoides</emphasis> +(K. Iwats.) Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763F07874FF2CFACA" ID-CoL="8RBKW" authority="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="liui"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763F07874FBB5FAEA" box="[987,1042,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. liui</emphasis> +Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760B47814FDB2FAC9" ID-CoL="8RBKZ" authority="(Fisch. Ex Kunze) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Fisch. Ex Kunze" box="[159,533,1372,1394]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760B47814FEBCFACA" box="[159,283,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. mollissima</emphasis> +(Fisch. Ex Kunze) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77621E7814FD44FAC9" ID-CoL="8S8T9" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[565,739,1372,1394]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petiolata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77621E7814FD38FACA" box="[565,671,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. petiolata</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762D37814FB31FAC9" ID-CoL="8R8WJ" authority="(M. Martens & Galeotti) Underw." authorityName="Underw." baseAuthorityName="M. Martens & Galeotti" box="[760,1174,1372,1394]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762D37814FCE0FACA" box="[760,839,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. pilosa</emphasis> +(M. Martens & Galeotti) Underw. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD59B77648F7814FFDBFA29" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." pageId="60" pageNumber="50"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77648F7814FFDBFA29" bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760B17834FE25FA29" ID-CoL="8RBL5" authority="(Lag.) Heywood" authorityName="Heywood" baseAuthorityName="Lag." box="[154,386,1405,1426]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pozoi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760B17834FF45FA29" box="[154,226,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. pozoi</emphasis> +(Lag.) Heywood +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761B47834FD31FA29" ID-CoL="8RBL6" authority="(Christ) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[415,662,1404,1426]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scallanii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761B47834FDA4FA2A" box="[415,515,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. scallanii</emphasis> +(Christ) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762B47834FB09FA2A" ID-CoL="8RBL7" authority="(Ching & W. M. Chu) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="Ching & W. M. Chu" box="[671,1198,1404,1426]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762B47834FD59FA29" box="[671,766,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. sinensis</emphasis> +(Ching & W.M. Chu) Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77649D7834FEE4FA09" ID-CoL="8RBL8" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77649D7834FF31FA09" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. sinica</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X.Lin +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77616078D4FCB2FA0A" ID-CoL="8RBL9" authority="(Alderw.) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[331,789,1436,1458]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subcalcarata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77616078D4FE71FA0A" box="[331,470,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. subcalcarata</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77631978D4FBABFA09" ID-CoL="8R9ZS" authority="(Schltdl.) J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Schltdl." box="[818,1036,1436,1458]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Gymnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="totta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77631978D4FCD4FA09" box="[818,883,1437,1458]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. totta</emphasis> +(Schltdl.) J. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77643678D4FF13FA6A" ID-CoL="8RBLC" authority="Hayata ex H. Ito" authorityName="H. Ito" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tottoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77643678D4FB25FA0A" box="[1053,1154,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. tottoides</emphasis> +Hayata ex H. Ito +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77609778F4FD4BFA6A" ID-CoL="8RBLD" authority="(Ching ex Y. X. Lin) Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" authorityName="Y. H. Chang & L. Y. Kuo" baseAuthorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[188,748,1468,1490]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xingwenensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77609778F4FEE9FA69" box="[188,334,1469,1490]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. xingwenensis</emphasis> +(Ching ex Y.X. Lin) Y.H. Chang & L.Y. Kuo +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762D878F4FBB9FA69" ID-CoL="8RBLF" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" box="[755,1054,1468,1490]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yahanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762D878F4FCD5FA6A" box="[755,882,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. yahanensis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..44c0d42eadf --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,576 @@ +<document id="4A4111BE5F87CDAE09FD1A9C063FE037" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Meniscium" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="A053337004E534748B49A3D400980275" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="917F790A701CE63332CDBC1D7B4E2EE8"> +<mods:title id="B99EAD0E08BB06239C2C7D129A533529">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="31EF3BE59F8C79B55F54F5A8E79716B3" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9D8F78AD8976BE383105DA47D63E2E31"> +<mods:roleTerm id="DC4CA0992BCE2D0F7235D2A5F816BD91">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="4580086326BAD4BE2A4EB07C090001BB">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="0310F8C58A78E821425347A0F83239D9" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="62B9C0038C94C883B95E7535639B0798"> +<mods:roleTerm id="BA3C67E40267DA83750C20F28DC12CD5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C92850B77E6AA8E142BEA8BDB2DCF28E">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="5941AB354E3353AE98D83402C6197416">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="3CC26C6BBF31ED81A952E1970C40A0E0"> +<mods:dateIssued id="B011DFF0006B33966149A019BD1B0669">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="92836E12AFE90110036CC5FAD16C5B04">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="E05784CFA287F8B7256D2BCA674A5197"> +<mods:placeTerm id="5612D3B4BD5023E9FAC7A060B3237596">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="2BC933F3C7ACB09E019B0BED47DFADC3">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD69B0A62737973FEF0FECC" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" blockId="63.[121,1250,1082,1169]" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462737973FCA6FBEF" bold="true" box="[600,769,1082,1108]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">MENISCIUM</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B746052792BFC7CFBCC" box="[121,987,1122,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B746052792BFC7CFBCC" blockId="63.[121,1250,1082,1169]" box="[121,987,1122,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B746052792BFE3FFBCC" authority="Schreber, Gen. Pl." authorityName="Schreber, Gen. Pl." box="[121,408,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B746052792BFF4DFBCC" bold="true" box="[121,234,1122,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium</emphasis> +Schreber, Gen. Pl. +</taxonomicName> +, ed. 8 +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFD69B7461E0792BFDF1FBCC" box="[459,598,1122,1143]" journal="(a)" page="757" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" score="0.09657715020186443" volume="2" year="1791">(a), 2:757. 1791</bibCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B746240792CFC7CFBCC" authority="(Schreber) C. F. Reed" authorityName="C. F. Reed" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" box="[619,987,1125,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Meniscium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B746240792CFD19FBCD" box="[619,702,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462C7792CFC9AFBCE" box="[748,829,1125,1141]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium</emphasis> +(Schreber) C.F.Reed +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7463F0792FFE14FB2A" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7463F0792FFE14FB2A" blockId="63.[121,1250,1082,1169]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD69B7463C5792FFBB3FBCC" box="[1006,1044,1126,1143]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B746432792CFB66FBCD" box="[1049,1217,1125,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B746432792CFB66FBCD" box="[1049,1217,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium reticulatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Sw.[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7460C279C9FE3DFB2A" box="[233,410,1152,1169]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460C279C9FE3DFB2A" box="[233,410,1152,1169]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Polypodium reticulatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +L.] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7460B279ECFDA6FB0C" box="[153,513,1189,1207]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7460B279ECFDA6FB0C" blockId="63.[153,513,1189,1207]" box="[153,513,1189,1207]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +For additional synonymy see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B74615E79EFFE5BFB0C" author="Fernandes" box="[373,508,1190,1207]" firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 127" part="463" refId="ref108548" refString="FERNANDES, R. S. & A. SALINO 2020. Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida). Phytotaxa 463: 1 - 127." title="Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida)" type="journal article" year="2020">Fernandes (2020)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7460527985FC14FAF9" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7460527985FC14FAF9" blockId="63.[121,1250,1228,1826]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460527985FF7DFB5A" box="[121,218,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461307985FEC8FB5A" box="[283,367,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">meniskos</emphasis> +, moon, in reference to the lunulate (crescent-moon shaped) sori that characterize this genus; these are coalescent or continuous along the arching cross-veins, which produce an excurrent vein at their union. This contrasts with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B74612D7845FED6FA9A" box="[262,369,1292,1313]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74612D7845FED6FA9A" box="[262,369,1292,1313]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, in which the discrete round sori are in pairs on the cross veins, on both sides of the origin of the excurrent veinlet, where the anastomosing cross-veins meet at an often acute angle. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B0B60827804FF69FECC" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B0B60827804FF69FECC" blockId="63.[121,1250,1228,1826]" lastBlockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +Plants terrestrial, rarely rheophytic, medium-sized (ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD69B7462EC7804FCA1FAD9" box="[711,774,1357,1378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity> +) to very large (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD69B7463847804FC7FFAD9" box="[943,984,1357,1378]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463C27804FBEFFAD9" bold="true" box="[1001,1096,1357,1378]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping, sometimes ascending, thick, nearly scaleless back from the tip; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462C67824FC96FA39" bold="true" box="[749,817,1389,1410]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic or weakly dimorphic (fertile pinnae narrower and more densely hairy than sterile ones), infrequently fully dimorphic (if so, sporangia appearing acrostichoid at frond maturity), simple to usually 1-pinnate, erect or arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74637378E4FC34FA79" bold="true" box="[856,915,1453,1474]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, dull brown, or rarely castaneous ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7460DB7884FE1FFA59" box="[240,440,1485,1506]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460DB7884FE1FFA59" box="[240,440,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Meniscium giganteum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461E07884FD99FA5A" bold="true" box="[459,574,1484,1506]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">stipe scales</emphasis> +dull brown, broadly ovate-deltate to ovate-lanceolate, often abraded in mature fronds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74613B78A5FEF4F9BA" bold="true" box="[272,339,1516,1537]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous, laminae typically drying greenish; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463F478A4FB81F9B9" bold="true" box="[991,1062,1517,1538]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">pinnae</emphasis> +adaxially grooved, entire, crenate, or infrequently serrate ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7461C07B44FDDAF99A" box="[491,637,1548,1570]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="consobrinum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461C07B44FDDAF99A" box="[491,637,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">M.consobrinum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462AC7B44FD51F999" box="[647,758,1549,1570]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462AC7B44FD51F999" box="[647,758,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">M.serratum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), never lobed, proximal pinnae not or little reduced, distal pinnae gradually to often abruptly reduced, usually with a conform or subconform apex; buds often present in axil of a proximal pinna; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461457B04FE04F9D9" bold="true" box="[366,419,1613,1634]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">veins</emphasis> +regularly anastomosing, forming parallel rows of areoles, with (3–)10–25 pairs united and forming areoles; cross veins straight, arcuate, or subsigmoid, giving rise to excurrent veins that are generally free, but sometimes continuous and straight from one areole to the next; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74630B7BC5FC33F91A" bold="true" box="[800,916,1676,1697]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">aerophores</emphasis> +absent at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7464577BC4FF7FF979" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">indument abaxially</emphasis> +lacking, sparse, or occasionally dense, of hyaline acicular, often curved hairs, generally restricted to costae, costules, and veins, less often on laminar tissue between veins, rarely of stipitate glands, scales lacking on costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460527BA4FEE7F8B9" bold="true" box="[121,320,1773,1794]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">indument adaxially</emphasis> +absent or of hyaline acicular hairs usually restricted to costae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463B17BA5FC56F8BA" bold="true" box="[922,1009,1772,1793]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue abaxially and adaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461497A44FE2DF899" bold="true" box="[354,394,1805,1826]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">sori</emphasis> +along cross-veins, often coalescent and so oblong, linear, or lunate, mostly in single rows between main lateral veins, occasionally discrete and round or nearly round and forming two rows between main lateral veins (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60EC7D8BFEE0FF6D" box="[199,327,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60EC7D8BFEE0FF6D" box="[199,327,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. lingulatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), always exindusiate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B623E7D8BFDDDFF6C" bold="true" box="[533,634,194,215]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">sporangia</emphasis> +usually without setulae (except in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63947D8BFBF8FF6D" box="[959,1119,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63947D8BFBF8FF6D" box="[959,1119,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. macrophyllum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) or glands, but with setae or stalked red to orange spherical glands sometimes borne on sporangial stalks; receptacles bearing stalked, tubular, orangish glands in a few species ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626C7C4BFD69FEAD" box="[583,718,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andreanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626C7C4BFD69FEAD" box="[583,718,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. andreanum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62F17C4BFCE0FEAC" box="[730,839,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arcanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62F17C4BFCE0FEAC" box="[730,839,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. arcanum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63777C48FC39FEAD" bold="true" box="[860,926,257,278]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">spores</emphasis> +typically black or dark brown, perispore winged, the wings echinulate or fimbriate ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B62727C6BFCE3FE8C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[601,836,290,311]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63677C6BFBB0FE8C" author="Fernandes" box="[844,1047,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 11" part="184" refId="ref108578" refString="FERNANDES, R. S., J. C. YESILYURT, & A. SALINO. 2014. New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae). Phytotaxa 184: 1 - 11." title="New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B64357C6BFB18FE8C" author="Patel" box="[1054,1215,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7C0BFFCBFEEC" box="[97,108,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">x</emphasis> += +<geoCoordinate id="EE2A5027FFA99B0B60AA7C0BFF1BFEEC" box="[129,188,322,343]" degrees="36, 2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" precision="5555" value="36.2"> +36, 2 +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B609B7C0BFF1BFEEC" box="[176,188,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">n</emphasis> +</geoCoordinate> += 72 ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60DC7C0BFEC1FEEC" box="[247,358,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60DC7C0BFEC1FEEC" box="[247,358,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. serratum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), 144 ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61827C0BFD88FEED" box="[425,559,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61827C0BFD88FEED" box="[425,559,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. reticulatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), only two of 25 spp. counted. No intrageneric or intergeneric hybrids are known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0B60BA7CCBFC25FD8C" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7CCBFC25FD8C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7CCBFF4CFE2C" box="[145,235,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA99B0B612C7CCBFEBFFE2C" box="[263,280,386,407]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +few New World species with meniscioid venation are herein treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63917CCBFB81FE2C" box="[954,1062,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63917CCBFB81FE2C" box="[954,1062,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64777CCBFB65FE2D" box="[1116,1218,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clypeata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64777CCBFB65FE2D" box="[1116,1218,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. clypeata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B604A7CEBFF16FE0D" box="[97,177,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7CEBFF16FE0D" box="[97,177,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. mollis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60967CEBFE91FE0D" box="[189,310,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="holodictya"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60967CEBFE91FE0D" box="[189,310,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. holodictya</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B616A7CEBFE1CFE0D" box="[321,443,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="liebmannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B616A7CEBFE1CFE0D" box="[321,443,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. liebmannii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61ED7CEBFD88FE0C" box="[454,559,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poiteana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61ED7CEBFD88FE0C" box="[454,559,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">G. poiteana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626A7CEBFD02FE0C" box="[577,677,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626A7CEBFD02FE0C" box="[577,677,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can be readily distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63DB7CEBFBFBFE0C" box="[1008,1116,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63DB7CEBFBFBFE0C" box="[1008,1116,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by the lack of stellate or furcate hairs on the rhizome and stipe base scales, as well as on the blades, by the usually much greater number of areoles between the costae and pinna margins, by the sori usually arcuate, linear, or confluent at maturity (vs. sori round and in two discrete rows between main lateral veins in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62C37F4BFCF5FDAC" box="[744,850,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62C37F4BFCF5FDAC" box="[744,850,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), by the usually 1-pinnate blades with entire, crenate or serrate, unlobed pinnae, and by the usually much larger frond size. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0B60BA7F08FCAFFCEC" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7F08FCAFFCEC" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7F08FEDAFDED" box="[145,381,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—The majority of the 26 species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62F37F0BFC9BFDEC" box="[728,828,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62F37F0BFC9BFDEC" box="[728,828,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are either exclusively South American or largely South American with range extensions into Mesoamerica and/or the Antilles, and most occur in Andean countries, the center of diversity for the genus; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61C57FCBFDCBFD2D" box="[494,620,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocleanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61C57FCBFDCBFD2D" box="[494,620,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. cocleanum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B625C7FCBFD43FD2D" box="[631,740,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B625C7FCBFD43FD2D" box="[631,740,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. falcatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63337FCBFC35FD2D" box="[792,914,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turrialbae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63337FCBFC35FD2D" box="[792,914,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. turrialbae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in Mesoamerica and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64757FCBFF21FD0C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64757FCBFF21FD0C" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. reticulatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the Antilles are +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B616F7FEBFE04FD0C" box="[324,419,674,695]" genus="The" pageId="64" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="major">the major</taxonomicName> +exceptions to this pattern. The range of the genus is from peninsular Florida, the Antilles, and southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B61177F8BFE23FD6C" box="[316,388,706,727]" name="Mexico" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B618A7F8BFE41FD6C" box="[417,486,706,727]" name="Bolivia" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +, southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B62617F8BFD23FD6C" box="[586,644,706,727]" name="Brazil" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B62A67F8BFD41FD6C" box="[653,742,706,727]" name="Paraguay" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Paraguay</collectingCountry> +, and northern +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B635F7F8BFC71FD6C" box="[884,982,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina</taxonomicName> +, almost exactly the range of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60537FABFF4EFD4C" box="[120,233,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60537FABFF4EFD4C" box="[120,233,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. serratum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, one of the more common and most widespread species in the genus. Most species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64377FABFB27FD4C" box="[1052,1152,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64377FABFB27FD4C" box="[1052,1152,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +tend to be widespread, but a few are narrow endemics (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626C7E4BFD64FCAD" box="[583,707,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocleanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626C7E4BFD64FCAD" box="[583,707,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.cocleanum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62E57E4BFCF8FCAD" box="[718,863,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="consobrinum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62E57E4BFCF8FCAD" box="[718,863,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.consobrinum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). They are confined to low and middle elevations, from 0–1500(–2000) m, and are found along streams, in wet forests, and ditches. At least one, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B647A7E6BFB65FC8C" box="[1105,1218,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B647A7E6BFB65FC8C" box="[1105,1218,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. serratum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, often occupies marshes and swamps, in open or partially open habitats. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0B60BA7E2BFE23F92C" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7E2BFDDCFC6C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7E2BFE47FCCD" box="[145,480,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—The species were first revised by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63697E2BFC58FCCC" author="Christensen" box="[834,1023,866,887]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen (1913)</bibRefCitation> +, later by Maxon and Morton (1938), and most recently by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B61977ECBFDC0FC2C" author="Fernandes" box="[444,615,898,919]" firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 127" part="463" refId="ref108548" refString="FERNANDES, R. S. & A. SALINO 2020. Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida). Phytotaxa 463: 1 - 127." title="Taxonomic revision of Meniscium Schreber (Thelypteridaceae: Polypodiopsida)" type="journal article" year="2020">Fernandes (2020)</bibRefCitation> +. The last author and coauthors ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63BA7ECBFBFBFC2C" author="Fernandes" box="[913,1116,898,919]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 11" part="184" refId="ref108578" refString="FERNANDES, R. S., J. C. YESILYURT, & A. SALINO. 2014. New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae). Phytotaxa 184: 1 - 11." title="New species and combinations in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2014">Fernandes et al. 2014</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B64487ECBFF4AFC0C" author="Fernandes & Salino" firstAuthor="Fernandes" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="175 - 182" part="273" refId="ref108513" refString="FERNANDES, R. S. & A. SALINO. 2016. A new species and a new combination in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 273: 175 - 182." title="A new species and a new combination in Meniscium (Thelypteridaceae) from Brazil" type="journal article" year="2016">Fernandes & Salino 2016</bibRefCitation> +) described several new species (increasing the total to 26) and provided a key to the Brazilian species. +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA99B0B604A7E8BFF3CFC6C" box="[97,155,962,983]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Smith</collectingRegion> +and Kessler (2017) treated the 13 Bolivian species. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA7EABFE1FFB0C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60BA7EABFF52FC4C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[145,245,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7EABFF52FC4C" box="[145,245,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is monophyletic in all +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61FF7EABFDABFC4C" box="[468,524,994,1015]" genus="The" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName> +phylogenetic studies ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B62CF7EABFC04FC4C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[740,931,994,1015]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press) and is sister to a clade including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61747948FE7FFBAD" ID-CoL="629W5" box="[351,472,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61747948FE7FFBAD" box="[351,472,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61CE7948FDC5FBAD" ID-CoL="5PVX" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[485,610,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61CE7948FDC5FBAD" box="[485,610,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62B37948FD5CFBAD" ID-CoL="3Y46" box="[664,763,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62B37948FD5CFBAD" box="[664,763,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA99B0B6329794BFCBBFBAC" box="[770,796,1026,1047]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6329794BFCB0FBAC" box="[770,791,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, the first two of these paleotropical, the last pantropical. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B60F4796BFEDDFB8C" author="Holttum" box="[223,378,1058,1079]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +postulated a relationship among all three of these last genera, but not to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B6477796BFB64FB8C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[1116,1219,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6477796BFB64FB8C" box="[1116,1219,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B604A7908FF6AFBED" ID-CoL="4Q6Q" box="[97,205,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7908FF6AFBED" box="[97,205,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is, in turn, sister to this combined 4-genus clade (Fawcett et al. in press). All five genera are sister to a huge clade comprising the remaining cyclosoroid genera (which includes +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62C67928FCC1FBCD" ID-CoL="6WT2" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[749,870,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62C67928FCC1FBCD" box="[749,870,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA99B0B63417928FC25FBCC" box="[874,898,1121,1143]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" sensu="lato"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63417928FCD9FBCD" box="[874,894,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">s.l</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +) Thus, the so-called “meniscioid” venation in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60FC79CBFE9AFB2C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[215,317,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60FC79CBFE9AFB2C" box="[215,317,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B616179CBFE67FB2C" ID-CoL="8RQNX" box="[330,448,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B616179CBFE67FB2C" box="[330,448,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61E679C8FD9CFB2D" ID-CoL="4Q6Q" box="[461,571,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61E679C8FD9CFB2D" box="[461,571,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B626C79C8FD65FB2D" ID-CoL="6WT2" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[583,706,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B626C79C8FD65FB2D" box="[583,706,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and a few other cyclosoroid genera appears to have evolved many times, independently. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA798BFC16FAAC" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +Miocene deposits including a fossil +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B61C2798BFDEAFB6C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[489,589,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B61C2798BFDEAFB6C" box="[489,589,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have recently been found in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA99B0B634C798BFC62FB6C" box="[871,965,1218,1239]" name="Colombia" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Colombia</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA99B0B63FA798BFBD2FB6C" author="SanIn" box="[977,1141,1217,1239]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="SanIn" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" pagination="195 - 101" part="68" refId="ref113795" refString="SANIN, D., A. J. GOMEZ- CRUZ, & M. MORENO- SANCHEZ. 2016. Fossils of Thelypteris subg. Meniscium in Miocene deposits of the Cauca Valley, Colombia. Brittonia 68: 195 - 101." title="Fossils of Thelypteris subg. Meniscium in Miocene deposits of the Cauca Valley, Colombia" type="journal volume" year="2016">SanÍn et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +); assignment of this fossil to an extant genus is likely correct based on venation and geographic location. The date of the fossil falls well within divergence estimates of the genus published by Testo and Sundue (2016). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0B60BA786BFE23F92C" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +Several genera here segregated from the Old World genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62ED7868FC98FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[710,831,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62ED7868FC98FA8D" box="[710,831,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +bear some resemblance to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B6461786BFB08FA8C" box="[1098,1199,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6461786BFB08FA8C" box="[1098,1199,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in having large, one-pinnate fronds with many pairs of anastomosing veins between the costae and pinna margins. Several species in these genera have historically been included in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B6255782BFD45FACC" box="[638,738,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B6255782BFD45FACC" box="[638,738,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +because of this similarity, but these are now treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B605078C8FF42FA2D" box="[123,229,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B605078C8FF42FA2D" box="[123,229,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B60D978C8FECAFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[242,365,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60D978C8FECAFA2D" box="[242,365,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B615178C8FE4EFA2D" box="[378,489,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B615178C8FE4EFA2D" box="[378,489,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, or +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B623B78CBFD29FA2C" box="[528,654,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B623B78CBFD2EFA2C" box="[528,649,1410,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisciopsis</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +From +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62E478C8FC9EFA2D" box="[719,825,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62E478C8FC9EFA2D" box="[719,825,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which sometimes mimics +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B646378CBFB09FA2C" box="[1096,1198,1410,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B646378CBFB09FA2C" box="[1096,1198,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in venation, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B609578EBFE85FA0C" box="[190,290,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B609578EBFE85FA0C" box="[190,290,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in lacking hamate hairs on the blades. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62FD78E8FCE4FA0D" box="[726,835,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62FD78E8FCE4FA0D" box="[726,835,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having setulose sporangia, and medial, discrete, round sori. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B615D7888FE48FA6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[374,495,1473,1494]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B615D7888FE48FA6D" box="[374,495,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having more strongly dimorphic fronds, much smaller frond size, frond apex gradually reduced (non-conform), and sometimes yellow glands on indusia and/or laminae. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B647878ABFB6FFA4C" box="[1107,1224,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B647878ABFB6FFA4C" box="[1107,1224,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in typically having discrete sori, which may be indusiate. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62F07B4BFCE7F9AC" box="[731,832,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62F07B4BFCE7F9AC" box="[731,832,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +generally differs from all of these in the frequent presence of proliferous buds in axils of proximal pinnae (though these are present in some +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B64027B68FB37F98D" box="[1065,1168,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64027B68FB37F98D" box="[1065,1168,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), sori generally coalescent or continuous along arching or straight cross-veins, and usually by the much greater number of areoles between costae and pinna margins. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B622B7B2BFDC3F9CC" box="[512,612,1634,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B622B7B2BFDC3F9CC" box="[512,612,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is strictly neotropical, whereas all of the genera segregated from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B604A7BC8FF7DF92D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[97,218,1665,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B604A7BC8FF7DF92D" box="[97,218,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are paleotropical. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA99B0A60BA7BE8FEF0FECC" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA99B0A60BA7BE8FEF0FECC" blockId="64.[97,1227,162,1783]" lastBlockId="65.[121,1251,161,375]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="64" pageNumber="54"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B60BA7BE8FE98F90C" box="[145,319,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B614D7BEBFDDAF90C" authority="Sodiro" authorityName="Sodiro" box="[358,637,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andreanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B614D7BEBFD91F90D" box="[358,566,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">Meniscium andreanum</emphasis> +Sodiro +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62A47BEBFCCAF90C" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[655,877,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62A47BEBFC8DF90D" box="[655,810,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. angustifolium</emphasis> +Willd. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B63AB7BEBFF38F96C" authority="Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd." authorityName="Willd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B63AB7BEBFBAFF90D" box="[896,1032,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. arborescens</emphasis> +Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B609A7B8BFDCBF96C" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[177,620,1730,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arcanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B609A7B8BFEB8F96C" box="[177,287,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.arcanum</emphasis> +(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62567B8BFC98F96C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[637,831,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62567B8BFCB1F96D" box="[637,790,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. chrysodioides</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B636C7B8BFF48F94C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocleanum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B636C7B8BFC62F96D" box="[839,965,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. cocleanum</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B612A7BABFD47F94C" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[257,736,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="consobrinum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B612A7BABFE32F94D" box="[257,405,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. consobrinum</emphasis> +(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0B62DA7BABFB83F94C" authority="R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" box="[753,1060,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="delicatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B62DA7BABFCCFF94D" box="[753,872,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M. delicatum</emphasis> +R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA99B0A64077BABFEAEFF0C" authority="R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="55" order="Polypodiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divergens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA99B0B64077BABFB39F94D" box="[1068,1182,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="54">M.divergens</emphasis> +R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61377DEBFE71FF0C" authority="Liebm." authorityName="Liebm." box="[284,470,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61377DEBFE2CFF0D" box="[284,395,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. falcatum</emphasis> +Liebm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61CC7DEBFD07FF0C" authority="Mett." authorityName="Mett." box="[487,672,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61CC7DEBFDC2FF0C" box="[487,613,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. giganteum</emphasis> +Mett. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62997DEBFBC5FF0C" authority="(Klotzsch) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" box="[690,1122,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hostmannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62997DEBFC91FF0D" box="[690,822,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. hostmannii</emphasis> +(Klotzsch) R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A645E7DEBFE3DFF6C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A645E7DEBFB46FF0D" box="[1141,1249,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. lanceum</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61877D8BFD4DFF6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[428,746,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61877D8BFD89FF6D" box="[428,558,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. lingulatum</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62D77D8BFC19FF6C" authority="Desv." authorityName="Desv." box="[764,958,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62D77D8BFC26FF6D" box="[764,897,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. longifolium</emphasis> +Desv. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63E57D8BFB12FF6C" authority="Kunze" authorityName="Kunze" box="[974,1205,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63E57D8BFBC8FF6D" box="[974,1135,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. macrophyllum</emphasis> +Kunze +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64E37D8BFDBBFF4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maxonianum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64E37D8BFF54FF4C" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. maxonianum</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62047DABFC2CFF4C" authority="(Mett.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[559,907,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranaceum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62047DABFD47FF4D" box="[559,736,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. membranaceum</emphasis> +(Mett.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63B87DABFB78FF4C" authority="(Maxon) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon" box="[915,1247,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minusculum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63B87DABFB86FF4D" box="[915,1057,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. minusculum</emphasis> +(Maxon) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A60A87C4BFD1AFEAC" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Jermy & T. G. Walker" authorityName="Jermy & T. G. Walker" baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[131,701,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nesioticum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A60A87C4BFEA4FEAC" box="[131,259,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. nesioticum</emphasis> +(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Jermy & T.G. Walker +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A62E47C4BFBD1FEAC" authority="(Hieron.) R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[719,1142,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachysorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A62E47C4BFCFBFEAD" box="[719,860,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. pachysorum</emphasis> +(Hieron.) R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64A37C4BFF08FE8D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reticulatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64A37C4BFF08FE8D" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. reticulatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Sw.; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A61257C6BFE16FE8C" authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." box="[270,433,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A61257C6BFED8FE8C" box="[270,383,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M.serratum</emphasis> +Cav. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A619D7C6BFCD5FE8C" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[438,882,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="standleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A619D7C6BFD80FE8D" box="[438,551,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. standleyi</emphasis> +(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A63527C6BFB67FE8C" authority="R. S. Fern. & Salino" authorityName="R. S. Fern. & Salino" box="[889,1216,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triangularis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A63527C6BFBA4FE8D" box="[889,1027,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M.triangularis</emphasis> +R.S. Fern. & Salino +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A64E37C6BFE4DFEEC" authority="(Rosenst.) Pic. Serm. Several" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turrialbae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A64E37C6BFF71FEED" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">M. turrialbae</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Pic.Serm. Several +</taxonomicName> +species described in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA89B0A629C7C0BFCBCFEEC" box="[695,795,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA89B0A629C7C0BFCBCFEEC" box="[695,795,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="55">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the Neotropics are heterotypic synonyms of species accepted above. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527E31FC18FC1C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527E31FC18FC1C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..953ebef2570 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527E31FC18FC1C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +<document id="F1D27A411763D13BA1643320431757B6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD69B7460527E31FC18FC1C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisciopsis rubida S. 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Sm. ex Hook.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="J. Sm. ex Hook." box="[130,734,887,909]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubida" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460A97E31FEF5FC36" bold="true" box="[130,338,888,909]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Menisciopsis rubida</emphasis> +(J. Sm. ex Hook.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462CC7E3EFCF4FC37" bold="true" box="[743,851,887,908]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD69B7462CC7E3EFCF4FC37" box="[743,851,887,908]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7463787E33FC18FC1C" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7463787E33FC18FC1C" blockId="63.[121,1251,556,1041]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463787E33FCC1FC30" box="[851,870,890,907]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD69B74634D7E33FF79FC1C" author="Hook., Sp. Fil." journal="Fil." page="12" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" score="8.334596789501541E-7" volume="5" year="1863"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B74634D7E33FB1EFC37" ID-CoL="8RDJ4" authority="J. Sm. ex Hook., Sp. 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Wagner +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527EE4FCC5FC67.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527EE4FCC5FC67.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..caf45575a24 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527EE4FCC5FC67.xml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +<document id="BF88A00A4502DBDF832872E50E633D52" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD69B7460527EE4FCC5FC67" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisciopsis rubrinervis S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD69B74630B7E82FCF0FC67" box="[800,855,971,988]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[121,129,1777,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1238,164,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[125,1239,162,1735]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG.5.A.Menisciopsiscyatheoides,Takeuchi1719 (UC),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.M.boydiae,Baldwin116 (US),habit.C.Menisciopsisrubrinervis,Fawcett716 (VT), pinna,abaxial view.Abacopteris aspera,James 1693 (VT).D. pinna.E.pinna,abaxial view." pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74630B7E82FCF0FC67" bold="true" box="[800,855,971,988]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5C</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527F1BFEA7FD27.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527F1BFEA7FD27.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3720d04f0d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527F1BFEA7FD27.xml @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +<document id="9A232F2E237689878662F9C1286068E1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD69B7460527F1BFEA7FD27" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisciopsis boydiae S. 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C. Eaton) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="D. C. Eaton" box="[130,684,594,615]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460A97F1BFEFBFDDC" bold="true" box="[130,348,594,615]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Menisciopsis boydiae</emphasis> +(D.C. Eaton) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. 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Eaton, Bull. Torrey Bot." authorityName="D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torrey Bot." box="[816,1161,597,615]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74631B7F1CFC16FDDD" box="[816,945,597,614]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Aspidium boydiae</emphasis> +D.C.Eaton,Bull.Torrey Bot. +</taxonomicName> +Club 6:361. 1879 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7460DF7F39FD85FD3A" ID-CoL="8R7HD" authority="(D. C. Eaton) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="D. C. Eaton" box="[244,546,624,641]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460DF7F39FEDCFD3A" box="[244,379,624,641]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Christella boydiae</emphasis> +(D.C. Eaton) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B74621C7F39FC33FD3B" ID-CoL="8R7P9" authority="(D. C. Eaton) W. H. Wagner" authorityName="W. H. Wagner" baseAuthorityName="D. C. Eaton" box="[567,916,624,641]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74621C7F39FD60FD3A" box="[567,711,624,641]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Cyclosorus boydiae</emphasis> +(D.C. Eaton) W.H. Wagner +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B74638C7F39FB44FD3B" ID-CoL="8RBNR" authority="(D. C. Eaton) K. Iwats." authorityName="K. Iwats." baseAuthorityName="D. C. Eaton" box="[935,1251,624,641]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74638C7F39FB9FFD3A" box="[935,1080,624,641]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Thelypteris boydiae</emphasis> +(D.C.Eaton) K. Iwats. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD69B7460947FC2FF52FD21" box="[191,245,650,668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[121,129,1777,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1238,164,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[125,1239,162,1735]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG.5.A.Menisciopsiscyatheoides,Takeuchi1719 (UC),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.M.boydiae,Baldwin116 (US),habit.C.Menisciopsisrubrinervis,Fawcett716 (VT), pinna,abaxial view.Abacopteris aspera,James 1693 (VT).D. pinna.E.pinna,abaxial view." pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460947FC2FF52FD21" bold="true" box="[191,245,650,668]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527F91FEEAFC9B.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527F91FEEAFC9B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f8408788d0c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD69B7460527F91FEEAFC9B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="31450D1AC03070186AE4CB5934E0B596" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD69B7460527F91FEEAFC9B" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisciopsis lakhimpurensis S. 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Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Kaulf." box="[185,478,704,721]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyatheoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460927F89FEFBFD6A" box="[185,348,704,721]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Christella cyatheoides</emphasis> +(Kaulf.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7461D87F89FCAAFD6B" authority="(Kaulf.) Farw." authorityName="Farw." baseAuthorityName="Kaulf." box="[499,781,704,721]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyatheoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461D87F89FD07FD6A" box="[499,672,704,721]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Cyclosorus cyatheoides</emphasis> +(Kaulf.) Farw. +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7463347F89FB9EFD6A" authority="(Kaulf.) Fosb." authorityName="Fosb." baseAuthorityName="Kaulf." box="[799,1081,704,721]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyatheoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463347F89FC6AFD6A" box="[799,973,704,721]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Thelypteris cyatheoides</emphasis> +(Kaulf.) Fosb. +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD69B74646A7F89FBDFFD6A" box="[1089,1144,704,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[121,129,1777,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1238,164,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[125,1239,162,1735]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG.5.A.Menisciopsiscyatheoides,Takeuchi1719 (UC),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.M.boydiae,Baldwin116 (US),habit.C.Menisciopsisrubrinervis,Fawcett716 (VT), pinna,abaxial view.Abacopteris aspera,James 1693 (VT).D. pinna.E.pinna,abaxial view." pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74646A7F89FBDFFD6A" bold="true" box="[1089,1144,704,721]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Fig.5A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD79B7462047E56FF55FDAC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD79B7462047E56FF55FDAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..225bcc43553 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD79B7462047E56FF55FDAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ +<document id="3CA591007B1D9EC4B71EBE5B1045C779" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD79B7462047E56FF55FDAC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Menisciopsis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="754D42B54E98AA59530219143D249638" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="2BEF7D575A54FC60349C6B41D2C4AFB3"> +<mods:title id="AAB2A5BD29705F56F036D80CDBB6321A">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="92B73B8C0F8BD56EE63131D1362836B9" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="A93A65A4F90AEBAC2FC40B083F6F6CFD"> +<mods:roleTerm id="495698089EC051AF1923FB16DDF3BF9B">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="6094A95C220D0AE5F18174AEEDB0B91B">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="A2DF9758E6BAB8F6E382C8D3A7BCFC5C" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="F08C0AB91838D2B27B00969B79846CDA"> +<mods:roleTerm id="BF88649BA7FD15CE774BF545E4B791B7">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B6E2C059BB20252D8B431B4A6D0955D8">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="923BDE306D851099B6E722724D4886A5">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="D0D35C6A89217610F84DCE15A96A5A23"> +<mods:dateIssued id="AA49FDC45039081D2C0EE6173796D48F">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="4139FD3FC19C87DA179BCE45E64C1CA5">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="124598B2CE32AC88C2127F1EDA22AD36"> +<mods:placeTerm id="2C570CB3CF7A05F1727BEA3639CDD9C9">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="D4FD35B32EB6A1E8E48B21B2A3614B53">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD79B7462047E56FF55FDAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076476" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD79B7462047E56FF55FDAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD79B7462047E56FF55FDAC" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B7562047E56FD5CFC82" box="[559,763,799,825]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7562047E56FD5CFC82" blockId="62.[97,1226,799,887]" box="[559,763,799,825]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD79B7562047E56FD5CFC82" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[559,763,799,825]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562047E56FD5CFC82" ID-CoL="8RQNX" box="[559,763,799,825]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562047E56FD5CFC82" bold="true" box="[559,763,799,825]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">MENISCIOPSIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B75604A7E01FEE0FCCC" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B75604A7E01FEE0FCCC" blockId="62.[97,1226,799,887]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75604A7E01FD86FCE6" authority="(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[97,545,839,861]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75604A7E01FF42FCE6" bold="true" box="[97,229,840,861]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562027E0EFD60FCE7" bold="true" box="[553,711,839,860]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">gen. et stat. nov.</emphasis> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562F17E03FBC2FCE7" authority="Holttum, Fl." authorityName="Holttum, Fl." box="[730,1125,842,860]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Menisciopsis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562F17E03FC9AFCE0" box="[730,829,842,859]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Pronephrium</emphasis> +C.Presl sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75638F7E02FBA3FCE0" box="[932,1028,843,859]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +Holttum,Fl. +</taxonomicName> +Males,Ser.2, Pterid.1(5):530.1982. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B75616E7E2FFCE8FCCC" box="[325,847,869,887]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B75616E7E2FFCE8FCCC" blockId="62.[97,1226,799,887]" box="[325,847,869,887]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD79B7561727E2CFEDEFCCE" box="[345,377,869,885]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD79B7561727E2CFEDEFCCE" box="[345,377,869,885]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561AA7E2CFCE8FCCC" authority="(Rosenst.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[385,847,869,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lakhimpurensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561AA7E2CFDF2FCCD" box="[385,597,869,886]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Menisciopsis lakhimpurensis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) S.E. Fawc.& A.R.Sm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B7560AA7EC3FDDCFC0C" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560AA7EC3FCF9FC27" blockId="62.[129,862,906,951]" box="[129,862,906,924]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFD79B7560AA7EC3FCF9FC27" box="[129,862,906,924]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7560AA7EC3FD85FC27" authority="K. Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci." box="[129,546,906,924]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyrtomiopsis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560AA7EC3FF74FC20" box="[129,211,906,923]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561297EC2FEC6FC20" box="[258,353,907,923]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Cyrtomiopsis</emphasis> +K.Iwats., Mem. Coll.Sci. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD79B75620F7EC2FDF7FC20" box="[548,592,907,923]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Kyoto</collectingRegion> +Imp. +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD79B7562507EC2FCFCFC27" author="Univ." box="[635,859,907,924]" journal="Ser, B, Biol." page="36" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" score="1.1832168684267594" volume="31" year="1964"> +<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFD79B7562507EC2FCFCFC27" author="Univ." box="[635,859,907,924]" journal="Ser, B, Biol." page="36" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" score="1.1832168684267594" volume="31" year="1964"> +Univ.,Ser, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD79B7562E17EC2FD71FC20" box="[714,726,907,923]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +, Biol.31:36.1964 +</bibCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +. +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560AA7EECFDDCFC0C" blockId="62.[129,862,906,951]" box="[129,635,933,951]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7561737EEFFE74FC0C" author="Holttum" box="[344,467,934,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7561F27EEFFDA7FC0C" author="Holttum" box="[473,512,934,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B75622D7EEFFDD5FC0C" author="Lin" box="[518,626,933,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al.2013</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B75604A7E85FEEAFBB9" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B75604A7E85FEEAFBB9" blockId="62.[97,1226,972,1794]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75604A7E85FF65FC5A" box="[97,194,972,993]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75612F7E84FECFFC59" box="[260,360,973,994]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75612F7E84FECFFC59" box="[260,360,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> ++ - +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561A37E84FE12FC59" box="[392,437,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">opsis</emphasis> +, like. The +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD79B7562307E85FDE1FC5A" box="[539,582,972,993]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus> +species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562B77E84FCE0FC5A" box="[668,839,972,994]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lakhimpurensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562B77E84FCE0FC5A" box="[668,839,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. lakhimpurensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, often has sori coalescent along arching cross veins (meniscioid). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B7560BA7944FDE6F9FA" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560BA7944FDE6F9FA" blockId="62.[97,1226,972,1794]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +Plants terrestrial, rheophytic or cremnophilous, small (< +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD79B7562937944FD52FB99" box="[696,757,1037,1058]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity> +) to very large (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD79B7563B07944FC65FB99" box="[923,962,1037,1058]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7563FF7944FB95FB99" bold="true" box="[980,1074,1037,1058]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">rhizomes</emphasis> +short-creeping, long-creeping, or forming massive erect caudices; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75621D7964FDDEFBF9" bold="true" box="[566,633,1069,1090]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic and once-pinnate, erect, ascending, or pendent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75604A7904FF3BFBD9" bold="true" box="[97,156,1101,1122]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, dull brown, or reddish; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562217904FDDAFBDA" bold="true" box="[522,637,1100,1122]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">stipe scales</emphasis> +dull brown, broadly ovate-deltate to ovate-lanceolate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7564AC7905FB6EFBDA" bold="true" box="[1159,1225,1100,1121]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous, laminae sometimes drying reddish; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562F47924FC82FB39" bold="true" box="[735,805,1133,1154]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">pinnae</emphasis> +entire, crenate, toothed, or shallowly lobed, proximal pinnae not or little reduced, distal pinnae gradually reduced, with conform or subconform frond apex; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7564BF79C4FB6EFB19" bold="true" box="[1172,1225,1165,1186]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">veins</emphasis> +anastomosing, generally with several pairs united below the sinus, forming areoles; cross-veins generally more or less straight, excurrent veins free or continuous from one areole to the next, straight or zig-zag, vein endings reaching segment margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75613F79A5FE21FABA" bold="true" box="[276,390,1260,1281]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">aerophores</emphasis> +absent or present at pinna bases as a darkened swelling of aerating tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75644D79A4FF64FA99" bold="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">indument abaxially</emphasis> +lacking, or of sparse, short, hyaline acicular hairs, generally restricted to costae and veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7564487844FF67FAF9" bold="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">indument adaxially</emphasis> +lacking, or with short hyaline acicular hairs restricted to costae, rarely on lamina between veins, scales sometimes present on costae; elongate orange resinous glands abaxially on veins in some species; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7563E07805FB85FADA" bold="true" box="[971,1058,1356,1377]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">pustules</emphasis> +present or absent on laminar tissue abaxially and adaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561D87824FDBCFA39" bold="true" box="[499,539,1389,1410]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">sori</emphasis> +inframedial, often along costae or costules, rarely coalescent along uniting cross-veins ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7560D078C4FE04FA1A" box="[251,419,1420,1442]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lakhimpurensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560D078C4FE04FA1A" box="[251,419,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M.lakhimpurensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), indusiate or exindusiate; indusia glabrous, and persistent, or shriveling at maturity; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75604A78E4FF6EFA79" bold="true" box="[97,201,1453,1474]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">sporangia</emphasis> +without setulae or glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561F378E5FDBBFA7A" bold="true" box="[472,540,1452,1473]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">spores</emphasis> +typically black, sometimes brown, with non-reticulate folds or short echinate crests ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7560D57884FE00FA59" author="Patel" box="[254,423,1484,1506]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561937885FE64FA5A" box="[440,451,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">x</emphasis> += 36, two of seven spp. counted, only diploids known. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD79B7563C97884FC55FA59" box="[994,1010,1485,1506]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +sterile triploid hybrid between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75609D78A5FE99F9BA" box="[182,318,1516,1537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyatheoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75609D78A5FE99F9BA" box="[182,318,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">M. cyatheoides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75614778A5FDB5F9BA" box="[364,530,1516,1537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75614778A5FDB5F9BA" box="[364,530,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Christella dentata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75623578A5FD68F9BA" box="[542,719,1516,1537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmeri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75623578A5FDDFF9BA" box="[542,632,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Christella</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562A278A5FD68F9BA" box="[649,719,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">palmeri</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) has been reported ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD79B7563BE78A4FBBEF9B9" author="Wagner" box="[917,1049,1517,1538]" firstAuthor="Wagner" journalOrPublisher="Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb." pageId="62" pageNumber="52" pagination="63 - 82" part="19" refId="ref115621" refString="WAGNER JR., W. H. 1993. New species of Hawaiian pteridophytes. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 63 - 82." title="New species of Hawaiian pteridophytes" type="journal article" year="1993">Wagner 1993</bibRefCitation> +), and is supported by phylogenetic data (Fawcett et al., in press). The +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD79B75627D7B45FD25F99A" box="[598,642,1548,1569]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus> +( +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD79B7562BB7B44FD73F999" box="[656,724,1549,1570]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15602" name="University of Michigan" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">MICH</collectionCode> +!) resembles the tetraploid parent +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7564367B45FB21F99A" box="[1053,1158,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7564367B45FB25F99A" box="[1053,1154,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">C. dentata</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +which presumably contributed 2/3 of the hybrid genome. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD79B7560BA7B05FBC3F8B9" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD79B7560BA7B05FBC3F8B9" blockId="62.[97,1226,972,1794]" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560BA7B05FED1F9DA" box="[145,374,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561277B05FED1F9DA" box="[268,374,1612,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Grypothrix</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +differs from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561DC7B05FDCAF9DA" box="[503,621,1612,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561DC7B05FDCAF9DA" box="[503,621,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in the presence of hamate, or hook-shaped hairs, proliferous buds, and sometimes dimorphic fronds. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7561CE7B25FDF5F93A" box="[485,594,1644,1665]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7561CE7B25FDF5F93A" box="[485,594,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in having setulose sporangia, and sori medial and discrete ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7560437BC5FF26F91A" box="[104,129,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">vs.</emphasis> +sori usually inframedial or coalescent in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562247BC5FD26F91A" box="[527,641,1676,1697]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562247BC5FD26F91A" box="[527,641,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B7562BF7BC5FCAAF91A" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[660,781,1676,1697]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B7562BF7BC5FCAAF91A" box="[660,781,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in dimorphic fronds, generally smaller size, frond apex gradually reduced (non-conform), and indusia sometimes bearing yellow glands. The neotropical genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD79B75604A7B85FF61F95A" box="[97,198,1740,1761]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD79B75604A7B85FF61F95A" box="[97,198,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="52">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +differs in the frequent presence of proliferous buds in axils of proximal pinnae, aerophores lacking, sori generally coalescent along arching cross-veins, and sporangial capsules or stalks sometimes bearing setulae. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7460827DE8FBF5FEAC" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7460827DE8FBF5FEAC" blockId="63.[121,1250,161,535]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460827DE8FE34FF0D" box="[169,403,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis> +.—Among the seven species recognized in this genus, one is restricted to the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD69B7464457DEBFB79FF0C" box="[1134,1246,162,183]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Philippines</collectingCountry> +, another is distributed in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD69B74614D7D8BFE2FFF6C" box="[358,392,194,215]" name="Fiji" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Fiji</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD69B7461BA7D8BFDBBFF6C" box="[401,540,194,215]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">New Hebrides</collectingCountry> +, and New Ireland ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7462FB7D8BFCC1FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[720,870,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7463447D8BFC07FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[879,928,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), three are in the Hawaiian archipelago ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7460EC7DABFEEFFF4C" author="Palmer" box="[199,328,226,247]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer 2003</bibRefCitation> +), and two are widespread in continental South Asia—one of these, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7463C67DABFB7CFF4C" box="[1005,1243,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penangiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463C67DABFB7CFF4C" box="[1005,1243,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Menisciopsis penangiana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, reaches elevations of +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD69B74616A7C4BFE2CFEAC" box="[321,395,258,279]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</quantity> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7461BE7C4BFDB8FEAC" author="Lin" box="[405,543,258,279]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +), but its congeners are typically of low to middle elevations. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD69B7460827C6BFF55FDAC" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD69B7460827C6BFF55FDAC" blockId="63.[121,1250,161,535]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460827C6BFE48FE8D" box="[169,495,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.—Holttum described +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462ED7C6BFC9DFE8C" box="[710,826,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462ED7C6BFC9DFE8C" box="[710,826,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a section of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7463E27C68FB79FE8C" authority="(Holttum 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[969,1246,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463E27C68FBE5FE8D" box="[969,1090,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Pronephrium</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7464667C6BFB71FE8C" author="Holttum" box="[1101,1238,290,311]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, although within this section he recognized species we here transfer to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B74631B7C08FC71FEED" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[816,982,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B74631B7C08FC71FEED" box="[816,982,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7464237C08FBD1FEED" box="[1032,1142,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7464237C08FBD1FEED" box="[1032,1142,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The three Hawaiian species were treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B74619E7C2BFDF2FECC" author="Holttum" box="[437,597,354,375]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7462AB7C2BFCAFFECC" author="Palmer" box="[640,776,354,375]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" refId="ref112628" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2003. Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, U. S. A." title="Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies" type="book" year="2003">Palmer (2003)</bibRefCitation> +as members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7463BD7C28FC57FECD" box="[918,1008,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463BD7C28FC57FECD" box="[918,1008,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7463D17C2BFB31FECC" author="Iwatsuki" box="[1018,1174,354,375]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 10" part="31" refId="ref110356" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 a. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 10." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Iwatsuki (1964a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7464B67C2BFB7DFECC" author="Iwatsuki" box="[1181,1242,354,375]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 40" part="31" refId="ref110412" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 b. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 40." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">1964b</bibRefCitation> +) treated +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7460EA7CCBFE25FE2D" box="[193,386,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boydiae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460EA7CCBFE25FE2D" box="[193,386,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Menisciopsis boydiae</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD69B7461A47CCBFE73FE2D" box="[399,468,385,407]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[121,129,1777,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1238,164,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[125,1239,162,1735]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG.5.A.Menisciopsiscyatheoides,Takeuchi1719 (UC),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.M.boydiae,Baldwin116 (US),habit.C.Menisciopsisrubrinervis,Fawcett716 (VT), pinna,abaxial view.Abacopteris aspera,James 1693 (VT).D. pinna.E.pinna,abaxial view." pageId="63" pageNumber="53"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461A47CCBFE73FE2D" bold="true" box="[399,468,385,407]" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +) in a new subgenus of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462847CC8FCB1FE2D" box="[687,790,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462847CC8FCB1FE2D" box="[687,790,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7463097CCBFC3DFE2C" box="[802,922,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Cyrtomiopsis</emphasis> +, based on its distinctive morphology and superficial resemblance to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461E87CEBFD8CFE0C" box="[451,555,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Cyrtomium</emphasis> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B74621E7CEBFD7EFE0C" box="[565,729,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dryopteridaceae</taxonomicName> +). Based on molecular phylogenetic evidence (Fawcett et al. in press) the closest relatives to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7461947C8BFD94FE6C" box="[447,563,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461947C8BFD94FE6C" box="[447,563,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462717C88FD04FE6D" box="[602,675,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462717C88FD04FE6D" box="[602,675,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7462FB7C88FCE2FE6D" box="[720,837,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7462FB7C88FCE2FE6D" box="[720,837,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and all three of these monophyletic genera are in turn sister to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7461697CA8FE0AFE4D" box="[322,429,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7461697CA8FE0AFE4D" box="[322,429,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which was treated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD69B7462BC7CABFC95FE4C" author="Holttum" box="[663,818,482,503]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +as another section of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7464247CA8FB2CFE4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1039,1163,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7464247CA8FB2CFE4D" box="[1039,1163,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in subg. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD69B7460527F4BFF4AFDAC" box="[121,237,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD69B7460527F4BFF4AFDAC" box="[121,237,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="53">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7962107926FCF2FB4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7962107926FCF2FB4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..701e000217d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7962107926FCF2FB4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +<document id="F64E475C17FBD84B97A46DBBD422377E" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD89B7962107926FCF2FB4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Cyclogramma" docType="treatment" 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httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD89B7962107926FCF2FB4C" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A62107926FCB8FB32" box="[571,799,1135,1161]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A62107926FCB8FB32" blockId="49.[121,1251,1135,1223]" box="[571,799,1135,1161]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD89B7A62107926FCB8FB32" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[571,799,1135,1161]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62107926FCB8FB32" ID-CoL="3XXB" box="[571,799,1135,1161]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62107926FCB8FB32" bold="true" box="[571,799,1135,1161]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">CYCLOGRAMMA</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A605279D1FED1FB7C" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A605279D1FED1FB7C" blockId="49.[121,1251,1135,1223]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD89B7A605279D1FD02FB16" author="Cyclogramma Tagawa" box="[121,677,1175,1197]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." page="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" score="0.07687678745166378" volume="7" year="1938"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A605279D1FD98FB16" ID-CoL="3XXB" authority="Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot." authorityName="Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot." box="[121,575,1175,1197]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A605279D1FEA0FB16" bold="true" box="[121,263,1176,1197]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. +</taxonomicName> +7:52. 1938 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD89B7A62EA79D3FED5FB7C" author="K. Iwats." journal="Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, ser. B" page="26" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" score="10.725328331126558" volume="31" year="1964"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62EA79D3FB44FB17" ID-CoL="8R48Y" authority="(Tagawa) K. Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ." baseAuthorityName="Tagawa" box="[705,1251,1178,1196]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyclogramma"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62EA79D3FCB4FB10" box="[705,787,1178,1195]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A636F79D3FC0FFB10" box="[836,936,1178,1195]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +(Tagawa) K. Iwats., Mem. Coll.Sci.Univ. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD89B7A609279FCFF40FB7E" box="[185,231,1205,1221]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Kyoto</collectingRegion> +, ser. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD89B7A612179FCFEB1FB7E" box="[266,278,1205,1221]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +, 31:26.1964 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A615E79FFFB3BFB7C" box="[373,1180,1205,1223]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A615E79FFFB3BFB7C" blockId="49.[121,1251,1135,1223]" box="[373,1180,1205,1223]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD89B7A61A279FCFE0FFB7E" box="[393,424,1205,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD89B7A61A279FCFE0FFB7E" box="[393,424,1205,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A619A79FCFD72FB7E" ID-CoL="7BVHG" authority="(Ching) Tagawa" authorityName="Tagawa" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[433,725,1205,1223]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A619A79FCFDFEFB7D" box="[433,601,1205,1222]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Cyclogramma simulans</emphasis> +(Ching) Tagawa +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62C779FCFC1FFB7C" ID-CoL="7BVHG" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[748,952,1205,1223]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62C779FCFC25FB7D" box="[748,898,1205,1222]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Thelypteris simulans</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +] = +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63E679FCFB3BFB7C" ID-CoL="6C3ZR" authority="(J. Sm.) Ching" box="[973,1180,1205,1223]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63E679FCFB8AFB7D" box="[973,1069,1205,1222]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. auriculata</emphasis> +(J. Sm.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A60B27992FD87FB57" box="[153,544,1243,1260]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A60B27992FD87FB57" blockId="49.[153,544,1243,1260]" box="[153,544,1243,1260]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD89B7A61527992FE4EFB57" author="Holttum" box="[377,489,1243,1260]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD89B7A61C47992FDB1FB57" author="Holttum" box="[495,534,1243,1260]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A60527848FBFDFAAC" box="[121,1114,1281,1303]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A60527848FBFDFAAC" blockId="49.[121,1250,1281,1815]" box="[121,1114,1281,1303]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60527848FF5FFAAD" box="[121,248,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Etymology.—</emphasis> +Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61307848FEF2FAAD" box="[283,341,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">kyklos</emphasis> +, circle +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61B3784BFE55FAAC" box="[408,498,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">+ gramme</emphasis> +, line. The sori are small, round, and in lines ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD89B7A63B5784BFBE8FAAC" author="Stewart" box="[926,1103,1282,1303]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart et al. 1983</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B796082786BFDC0FE2C" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B796082786BFDC0FE2C" blockId="49.[121,1250,1281,1815]" lastBlockId="50.[97,1226,161,1367]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized, evergreen; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A628C786BFCA2FA8C" bold="true" box="[679,773,1314,1335]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">rhizomes</emphasis> +short- to long-creeping, occasionally suberect ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64E7786BFF7FFAED" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64E7786BFF7FFAED" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. auriculata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), mostly +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD89B7A611F780BFE21FAEC" box="[308,390,1346,1367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity> +diam.; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61FB780BFDB4FAEC" bold="true" box="[464,531,1346,1367]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">fronds</emphasis> +arching to erect, moderately sized to occasionally large, typically 35–130 (–220) cm, monomorphic, blades deeply pinnate-pinnatifid; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A6295782BFD5EFACC" bold="true" box="[702,761,1378,1399]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">stipes</emphasis> +dull stramineous to brownish, blackened at bases, bearing basal scales and sparse to sometimes dense acicular and hooked hairs, the scales occasionally persistent distally ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60AB78EBFEBBFA0C" box="[128,284,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squamaestipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60AB78EBFEBBFA0C" box="[128,284,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. squamaestipes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), even onto the rachis; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61D078EBFDC9FA0D" bold="true" box="[507,622,1441,1463]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">stipe scales</emphasis> +brown to blackish, ovate to lanceolate, bearing acicular hairs and sometimes also hooked hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A618A7888FE44FA6D" bold="true" box="[417,483,1473,1494]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">blades</emphasis> +herbaceous to chartaceous, drying dark green, olivaceous, or blackish ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD89B7A6488788BFF0DFA4C" author="Ching" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="49" pageNumber="39" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching 1963</bibRefCitation> +), proximal pinnae not noticeably or only slightly shorter than more distal pinnae, or sometimes several pairs (1–5) abruptly reduced, if gradually shortened then becoming a series of hastate auricles; blade apex gradually reduced; proliferous buds absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61687B6BFE2EF98C" bold="true" box="[323,393,1570,1591]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">pinnae</emphasis> +with costae grooved adaxially, incised to 0.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD89B7A636A7B6BFCD0F98C" box="[833,887,1570,1591]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +from costae, nearly symmetrical with segments spreading or slightly oblique and sometimes falcate, rounded at tips; margins entire, pinna bases sessile to short-petiolulate, truncate, acroscopic segment of greatly reduced pinnae often slightly elongate or auriculate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64807B2BFB47F9CC" bold="true" box="[1195,1248,1634,1655]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">veins</emphasis> +readily visible, free, simple or often forked, ending at margins of lobes just above sinuses, never united, sometimes with a raised non-vascularized keel abaxially just below sinuses ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62927BEBFC96F90D" box="[697,817,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62927BEBFC96F90D" box="[697,817,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. auriculata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A636E7BE8FC11F90D" bold="true" box="[837,950,1697,1718]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">aerophores</emphasis> +at pinna bases at least swollen, greatly elongate in most species (0.5– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD89B7A61C37B8BFD83F96C" box="[488,548,1730,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A621E7B8BFD59F96C" bold="true" box="[565,766,1730,1751]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of unicellular, hooked (hamate) hairs on all axes (rachis, costae, and costules), lacking costal scales, tissue between veins glabrous and sometimes of acicular and/or hooked hairs; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61287A4BFE6CF8AC" bold="true" box="[259,459,1794,1815]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of usually long (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD89B7A62AB7A4BFD1BF8AC" box="[640,700,1794,1815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity> +), stout, hyaline acicular hairs restricted mostly to costae, with fewer, shorter ones also sometimes present on costules, veins, and (less often) on laminar tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7964027DE8FB27FF0D" bold="true" box="[1065,1152,161,182]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">pustules</emphasis> +absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79604A7D8BFF2EFF6C" bold="true" box="[97,137,194,215]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">sori</emphasis> +typically round and discrete, not elongate or confluent at maturity, lacking receptacular hairs, medial, inframedial, or subcostular, indusia absent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961A77DABFE56FF4C" bold="true" box="[396,497,226,247]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">sporangia</emphasis> +usually bearing hooked hairs on capsules like those of laminae but shorter, lacking glandular hairs on sporangial stalks and capsules; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962A37C48FD6DFEAD" bold="true" box="[648,714,257,278]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">spores</emphasis> +pale, tan, bilateral, monolete, perispore often coarsely echinate or with reticulate crests ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7961897C6BFD2AFE8C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[418,653,290,311]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7962BE7C6BFC92FE8C" author="Patel" box="[661,821,290,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79636F7C6BFCE8FE8C" box="[836,847,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">x</emphasis> += 36, 34?, three spp. counted, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7964477C6BFF22FEED" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7964477C6BFF22FEED" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. auriculata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +diploid and tetraploid, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7961437C0BFE7AFEEC" box="[360,477,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="omeiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961437C0BFE7AFEEC" box="[360,477,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. omeiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +apparently octoploid ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962937C0BFD63FEEC" box="[696,708,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">n</emphasis> += c. 136; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7963097C0BFC3FFEEC" author="Kurita" box="[802,920,322,343]" firstAuthor="Kurita" journalOrPublisher="J. Jap. Bot." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="173 - 180" part="41" refId="ref110962" refString="KURITA, S. 1966. Chromosome numbers of some Japanese ferns (6). J. Jap. Bot. 41: 173 - 180." title="Chromosome numbers of some Japanese ferns (6)" type="journal article" year="1966">Kurita 1966</bibRefCitation> +), the highest ploidy reported in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79604A7C2BFEAEFECC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[97,265,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +. There are at least three counts apparently based on +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962D27C2BFCA3FECC" box="[761,772,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">x</emphasis> += 34, which, if true, is aberrant among cyclosoroid ferns (e.g., +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7960D97CCBFE04FE2C" author="Wang & Sun" box="[242,419,386,407]" firstAuthor="Wang" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="59 - 62" part="20" refId="ref115710" refString="WANG, Z. & C. SUN. 1982. Chromosome counts in some Chinese ferns. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 59 - 62." title="Chromosome counts in some Chinese ferns" type="journal article" year="1982">Wang & Sun 1982</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7961807CCBFDFBFE2C" author="Tsai & Shieh" box="[427,604,386,407]" firstAuthor="Tsai" journalOrPublisher="J. Sci. Eng. (Taiwan)" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="137 - 158" part="20" refId="ref115354" refString="TSAI, J. L. & W. C. SHIEH. 1983. A cytotaxonomic survey of the pteridophytes in Taiwan. J. Sci. Eng. (Taiwan) 20: 137 - 158." title="A cytotaxonomic survey of the pteridophytes in Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1983">Tsai & Shieh 1983</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B7960BA7CE8FF48FD0C" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B7960BA7CE8FF48FD0C" blockId="50.[97,1226,161,1367]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960BA7CE8FE2FFE0D" box="[145,392,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79612C7CE8FE2FFE0D" box="[263,392,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyclogramma</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +can be readily distinguished from other cyclosoroid genera by a combination of characters, including exindusiate sori, free veins, hooked hairs on the axes abaxially, as well as similar hairs on sporangial capsules. The only other paleotropical genus with hooked hairs is +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962CD7CA8FCE9FE4D" box="[742,846,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962CD7CA8FCE9FE4D" box="[742,846,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which differs in having anastomosing veins and more shallowly incised pinnae. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7961C57F48FDCBFDAD" box="[494,620,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961C57F48FDCBFDAD" box="[494,620,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +usually has creeping rhizomes, but they are suberect or erect in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79604A7F6BFF7EFD8D" box="[97,217,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79604A7F6BFF7EFD8D" box="[97,217,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C.auriculata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and that species, sister to the others, also has the longest aerophores, the greatest number of reduced proximal pinnae, and cristate spores. With +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961CE7F0BFC8CFDEC" box="[485,811,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7961CE7F0BFDC0FDEC" box="[485,615,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptogramma</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962B37F0BFC80FDEC" box="[664,807,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +which are also exindusiate, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79646C7F08FB6FFDED" box="[1095,1224,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79646C7F08FB6FFDED" box="[1095,1224,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +agrees in having creeping rhizomes, and blades often lacking reduced proximal pinnae; it differs from leptogrammoid genera in usually having pronounced, conspicuous, elongate aerophores, round sori, and in the hooked hairs on blades and sporangia. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B7960BA7F88FB6DFCCC" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B7960BA7F88FB6DFCCC" blockId="50.[97,1226,161,1367]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960BA7F88FDBDFD6D" box="[145,538,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7961B17F88FDBDFD6D" box="[410,538,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyclogramma</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises nine species, and these are mostly restricted to western and southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7960977FABFF5DFD4C" box="[188,250,738,759]" name="China" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7961297FABFEEDFD4C" box="[258,330,738,759]" name="Bhutan" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Bhutan</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B79617A7FABFE2BFD4C" box="[337,396,738,759]" name="Nepal" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Nepal</collectingCountry> +, northern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7961C47FABFD83FD4C" box="[495,548,738,759]" name="India" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">India</collectingCountry> +, continental southeastern Asia ( +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7963787FABFC13FD4C" box="[851,948,738,759]" name="Myanmar" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Myanmar</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7963977FABFBB6FD4C" box="[956,1041,738,759]" name="Vietnam" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +); a few extend their ranges into +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7960FE7E4BFEB8FCAC" box="[213,287,770,791]" name="Taiwan" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +, southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7961A37E4BFE66FCAC" box="[392,449,770,791]" name="Japan" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry> +, and the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7962367E4BFD2BFCAC" box="[541,652,770,791]" name="Philippines" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Philippines</collectingCountry> +(Luzon; see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7963277E4BFC06FCAC" author="Holttum" box="[780,929,770,791]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kalikasan" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="109 - 120" part="5" refId="ref109830" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1976 c. New records of Thelypteridaceae from the Philippines. Kalikasan 5: 109 - 120." title="New records of Thelypteridaceae from the Philippines" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="c">Holttum 1976c</bibRefCitation> +). The most widely distributed species is +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7960977E68FE93FC8D" box="[188,308,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960977E68FE93FC8D" box="[188,308,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C.auriculata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, with outlying populations in the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B79625A7E6BFD79FC8C" box="[625,734,802,823]" name="Philippines" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Philippines</collectingCountry> +and perhaps +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7963727E6BFC1FFC8C" box="[857,952,802,823]" name="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Indonesia</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7963E97E6BFBEFFC8C" author="Lin" box="[962,1096,802,823]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +).Throughout its range, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7960957E08FE9AFCED" box="[190,317,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960957E08FE9AFCED" box="[190,317,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occurs in moist lowland to montane forests, from +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDB9B7963097E0BFC07FCEC" box="[802,928,834,855]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="300.0">300–2800 m</quantity> +. Seven species are restricted to southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDB9B7960907E2BFF5EFCCC" box="[187,249,866,887]" name="China" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry> +, the center of diversity in the genus, and most of these are rather local; six spp. are known from +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDB9B79645C7E2BFB61FCCC" box="[1143,1222,866,887]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Yunnan</collectingRegion> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B7960BA7ECBFCF2FB4C" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B7960BA7ECBFD2AFBCD" blockId="50.[97,1226,161,1367]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960BA7ECBFDD1FC2D" box="[145,630,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7961DF7EC8FDD1FC2D" box="[500,630,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyclogramma</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +was recognized as a discrete natural group relatively early, by the Japanese pteridologist +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7961727EEBFE42FC0C" author="Tagawa" box="[345,485,930,951]" firstAuthor="Tagawa" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="49 - 56" part="7" refId="ref115073" refString="TAGAWA, M. 1938. Cyclogramma, a new fern genus. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 49 - 56." title="Cyclogramma, a new fern genus" type="journal article" year="1938">Tagawa (1938)</bibRefCitation> +, who published combinations for eight species. Even before that, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7964627EEBFB6EFC0C" author="Ching" box="[1097,1225,930,951]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="237 - 352" part="6" refId="ref107458" refString="CHING, R. C. 1936. A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 237 - 352." title="A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions" type="journal article" year="1936">Ching (1936)</bibRefCitation> +recognized it as a natural group (his group 6) within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962797E88FCF8FC6D" box="[594,863,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phegopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962797E88FD1DFC6D" box="[594,698,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962DE7E88FCF8FC6D" box="[757,863,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; later, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B7963B77E8BFBBCFC6C" author="Ching" box="[924,1051,962,983]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +followed Tagawa’s lead in treating it as a genus, while comparing it to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962697EABFD65FC4C" box="[578,706,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962697EABFD65FC4C" box="[578,706,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Prior to that, the species had usually been treated in a comprehensive genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B796119794BFE31FBAC" box="[306,406,1026,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B796119794BFE31FBAC" box="[306,406,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Dryopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or in an even more varied and unnatural genus +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79637E7948FC66FBAD" box="[853,961,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Polypodium</emphasis> +(because of lack of an indusium). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B79608C796BFE99FB8C" author="Holttum" box="[167,318,1058,1079]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B796162796BFEDCFB8C" author="Holttum" box="[329,379,1058,1079]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) adopted many of Ching’s generic concepts in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B796371796BFBADFB8C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[858,1034,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +, including that for +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79604A7908FF78FBED" box="[97,223,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79604A7908FF78FBED" box="[97,223,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. An attempt at a taxonomic middle ground was offered by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B796326790BFC2CFBEC" author="Smith" box="[781,907,1090,1111]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDB9B796326790BFCE0FBEC" box="[781,839,1090,1111]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1990) +</bibRefCitation> +, who recognized +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79641A7908FB17FBED" box="[1073,1200,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79641A7908FB17FBED" box="[1073,1200,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as one of 20 subgenera in a heterogenous genus +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962207928FD2AFBCD" box="[523,653,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962207928FDC9FBCD" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[523,622,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDB9B7962597928FD2AFBCD" box="[626,653,1121,1142]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B7960B979CBFCF2FB4C" blockId="50.[97,1226,161,1367]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +All phylogenetic studies with broad sampling ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B79627579CBFCB1FB2C" author="He & Zhang" box="[606,790,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B79630B79CBFC47FB2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[800,992,1154,1175]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press) recover +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79608579E8FE8AFB0D" box="[174,301,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79608579E8FE8AFB0D" box="[174,301,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as sister to the clade +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79622A79EBFD25FB0C" box="[513,642,1186,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79622A79EBFD25FB0C" box="[513,642,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> ++ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962B079E8FC82FB0D" box="[667,805,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962B079E8FC82FB0D" box="[667,805,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, in Thelypteridoideae ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFDB9B79642179EBFBE6FB0C" box="[1034,1089,1186,1207]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79642179EBFBE6FB0C" bold="true" box="[1034,1089,1186,1207]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). Even before molecular studies, the affinity of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79618F7988FD84FB6D" box="[420,547,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79618F7988FD84FB6D" box="[420,547,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with leptogrammoid ferns was recognized (e.g., see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B79640F798BFB67FB6C" author="Smith" box="[1060,1216,1218,1239]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" page="270" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDB9B79640F798BFBF9FB6C" box="[1060,1118,1218,1239]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Smith</collectingRegion> +1990:270 +</bibRefCitation> +). +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79604A79A8FF47FB4D" box="[97,224,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79604A79A8FF47FB4D" box="[97,224,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +likely arose and diversified in Asia, along with its closest relatives. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C1BFD5DFBFC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C1BFD5DFBFC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..369bff5b9e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C1BFD5DFBFC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ +<document id="99639EDB6A7F511F899981F6FBB1CD39" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C1BFD5DFBFC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Coryphopteris andersonii Holttum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="BD98A25C2F057CE26D5262B03228B5E6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="868A540B993445BCE94C78341895C330"> +<mods:title id="8A96D555EB50A7EEE48EBC4DA247D603">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="2D3603043471B470CF8A8F39C787FE4A" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8E2B3D684CAED440A3AC1FEAF97D2839"> +<mods:roleTerm id="A263857A23A57960E593413EA0844367">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="1F147A5092A2E98F18A45333596C2441">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="ADDB136FFBFCA1C384D10C3A024B2794" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="36D42DF3E180CCE8A9B47C454BDF0F45"> +<mods:roleTerm id="EBF3237F43F16B823C69982770A8A678">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2725AB780DFE152217BFF95DE7347AB9">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="1AEC3802052AAFCE18AB436361465EE8">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="CB8DD9B2BB9214D57B16CD222DD57BF6"> +<mods:dateIssued id="C4FB7600C5905DAAED6FC22120086ABC">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="8816C5DD068F7EBA3BA0EC7F71AF317D">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="B7F122FC40B3E9662449BDEDB3DE06CC"> +<mods:placeTerm id="A629A3B333082982A563FB16C4A86AF7">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="FB8A668C7A6ED612CFABA248ED238029">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C1BFD5DFBFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076316" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C1BFD5DFBFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C1BFD5DFBFC" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A60527C1BFCE8FC5C" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A60527C1BFCE8FC5C" blockId="49.[121,1252,337,1095]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60527C1BFE8FFEDC" box="[121,296,338,359]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A616D7C18FD2BFEDC" ID-CoL="YSNF" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[326,652,337,359]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andersonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A616D7C18FD96FEDD" box="[326,561,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Coryphopteris andersonii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62BD7C1BFCF3FEDC" ID-CoL="YSNG" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[662,852,337,359]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andreae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62BD7C1BFD5DFEDD" box="[662,762,337,359]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. andreae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63427C1BFF1DFE3C" ID-CoL="YSNH" authority="(Ching) L. J. He & X. C. Zhang" authorityName="L. J. He & X. C. Zhang" baseAuthorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulariloba"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63427C1BFC5DFEDD" box="[873,1018,337,359]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. angulariloba</emphasis> +(Ching) L.J. He & X.C. Zhang +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60E87C3BFE0EFE3C" ID-CoL="YSNJ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[195,425,369,391]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arthrotricha"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60E87C3BFEE8FE3D" box="[195,335,369,391]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. arthrotricha</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A619F7C3BFD52FE3C" ID-CoL="YSNK" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[436,757,369,391]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="athyriocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A619F7C3BFDE0FE3D" box="[436,583,369,391]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. athyriocarpa</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62D47C3BFC7BFE3C" ID-CoL="YSNL" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[767,988,369,391]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="athyrioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62D47C3BFC25FE3D" box="[767,898,369,391]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. athyrioides</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63CD7C3BFB10FE3C" ID-CoL="YSNM" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[998,1207,369,391]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atjehensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63CD7C3BFBFBFE3D" box="[998,1116,369,391]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. atjehensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64E77C3BFECDFE1C" ID-CoL="YSNN" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="badia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64E77C3BFF0AFE1D" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. badia</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A615F7CDBFD94FE1C" ID-CoL="YSNP" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[372,563,401,423]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A615F7CDBFE70FE1D" box="[372,471,401,423]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. borealis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62167CDBFCBFFE1C" ID-CoL="YSNQ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[573,792,401,423]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevipilosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62167CDBFD1BFE1D" box="[573,700,401,423]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. brevipilosa</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63077CDBFBD6FE1C" ID-CoL="8RV2H" authority="(Tagawa) Y. H. Chang" authorityName="Y. H. Chang" baseAuthorityName="Tagawa" box="[812,1137,402,423]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castanea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63077CDBFC3EFE1C" box="[812,921,402,423]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. castanea</emphasis> +(Tagawa) Y.H. Chang +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64507CDBFD84FE7C" ID-CoL="8RCPY" authority="(Ching ex K. H. Shing) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64507CDBFB47FE1D" box="[1147,1248,401,423]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. caudata</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62147CFBFC73FE7C" ID-CoL="8RCQ2" authority="(Ching) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[575,980,433,455]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62147CFBFD0BFE7D" box="[575,684,433,455]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. chinensis</emphasis> +(Ching) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63F07CFBFE31FE5C" ID-CoL="8RCQ3" authority="(K. H. Shing & J. F. Cheng) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing & J. F. Cheng" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chingii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63F07CFBFB96FE7D" box="[987,1073,433,455]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. chingii</emphasis> +(K.H. Shing & J.F. Cheng) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61B67C9BFD17FE5C" ID-CoL="YSNR" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[413,688,466,487]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61B67C9BFDA4FE5C" box="[413,515,466,487]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. coriacea</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62E97C9BFC79FE5C" ID-CoL="YSNS" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[706,990,465,487]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diaphana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62E97C9BFC96FE5D" box="[706,817,465,487]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. diaphana</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63CE7C9BFEBEFDBC" ID-CoL="569YG" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="didymochlaenoides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63CE7C9BFB0AFE5D" box="[997,1197,465,487]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. didymochlaenoides</emphasis> +(C.B. Clarke) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A610A7CBBFDEFFDBC" ID-CoL="6B6TZ" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[289,584,497,519]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A610A7CBBFE3AFDBD" box="[289,413,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. diversisora</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A627B7CBBFC99FDBC" ID-CoL="YSNV" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[592,830,497,519]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dura"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A627B7CBBFD34FDBD" box="[592,659,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. dura</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A636D7CBBFBC9FDBC" ID-CoL="YSNW" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[838,1134,497,519]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engleriana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A636D7CBBFC66FDBD" box="[838,961,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. engleriana</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64AA7CBBFED6FD9C" ID-CoL="YSNX" authority="(E. Fourn.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="E. Fourn." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64AA7CBBFF39FD9D" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. fasciculata</emphasis> +(E. Fourn.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61AD7F5BFD1AFD9C" ID-CoL="YSNY" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[390,701,529,551]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnopoda"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61AD7F5BFDB7FD9D" box="[390,528,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. gymnopoda</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62F87F5BFBBCFD9C" ID-CoL="8S5B4" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[723,1051,529,551]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="habbemensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62F87F5BFCCFFD9D" box="[723,872,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. habbemensis</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A641A7F5BFEBCFDFC" ID-CoL="YSP2" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A641A7F5BFB0EFD9D" box="[1073,1193,529,551]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. hirsutipes</emphasis> +(C.B. Clarke) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A610E7F7BFDC9FDFC" ID-CoL="YSP4" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[293,622,561,583]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horizontalis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A610E7F7BFE0AFDFD" box="[293,429,561,583]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. horizontalis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62537F7BFCCDFDFC" ID-CoL="YSP5" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[632,874,561,583]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hubrechtensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62537F7BFCB7FDFD" box="[632,784,561,583]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. hubrechtensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63587F7BFF76FDDC" ID-CoL="8RFG5" authority="(Christ) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Christ" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indochinensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63587F7BFBADFDFD" box="[883,1034,561,583]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. indochinensis</emphasis> +(Christ) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60F07F1BFE0AFDDC" ID-CoL="YSP6" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[219,429,594,615]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inopinata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60F07F1BFEF6FDDC" box="[219,337,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. inopinata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61937F1BFD20FDDC" ID-CoL="YSP7" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[440,647,593,615]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iwatsukii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61937F1BFD8DFDDD" box="[440,554,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. iwatsukii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62B67F1BFB9EFDDC" ID-CoL="7C84J" authority="(Baker) L. J. He & X. C. Zhang" authorityName="L. J. He & X. C. Zhang" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[669,1081,594,615]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62B67F1BFCAFFDDC" box="[669,776,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. japonica</emphasis> +(Baker) L.J. He & X.C. Zhang +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64687F1BFF77FD3C" ID-CoL="YSP9" authority="(Ridl.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klossii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64687F1BFB3DFDDD" box="[1091,1178,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. klossii</emphasis> +(Ridl.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60CD7F3BFE56FD3C" ID-CoL="6B75Z" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[230,497,625,647]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kolombangarae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60CD7F3BFE32FD3D" box="[230,405,625,647]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. kolombangarae</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD89B7A622A7F3BFDEBFD3C" box="[513,588,626,647]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A622A7F3BFDEBFD3C" bold="true" box="[513,588,626,647]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2A</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62497F3BFB66FD3C" ID-CoL="8RFGJ" authority="(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. Iwats. & M. Kato" box="[610,1217,625,647]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krayanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62497F3BFD56FD3D" box="[610,753,625,647]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. krayanensis</emphasis> +(K. Iwats. & M. Kato) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64E07F3BFE32FD1C" ID-CoL="YSPB" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lauterbachii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64E07F3BFF40FD1D" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. lauterbachii</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61837FDBFD40FD1C" ID-CoL="YSPC" authority="(Hieron.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[424,743,657,679]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ledermannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61837FDBFD96FD1D" box="[424,561,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. ledermannii</emphasis> +(Hieron.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62DB7FDBFF6EFD7C" ID-CoL="YSPD" authority="(Lorence & K. R. Wood) A. R. Sm. & Lorence" authorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lorence" baseAuthorityName="Lorence & K. R. Wood" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marquesensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62DB7FDBFC22FD1C" box="[752,901,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. marquesensis</emphasis> +(Lorence & K.R. Wood) A.R. Sm. & Lorence +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60F97FFBFE06FD7C" ID-CoL="6B76J" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[210,417,689,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="meiobasis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60F97FFBFEE0FD7D" box="[210,327,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. meiobasis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61807FFBFD3CFD7C" ID-CoL="YSPF" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[427,667,689,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microlepigera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61807FFBFDE6FD7D" box="[427,577,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. microlepigera</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A628E7FFBFC6BFD7C" ID-CoL="YSPG" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[677,972,689,711]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A628E7FFBFCB0FD7D" box="[677,791,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. multisora</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63C07FFBFEEBFD5C" ID-CoL="8RFJ4" authority="(Hiyama) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Hiyama" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="musashiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63C07FFBFBD8FD7D" box="[1003,1151,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. musashiensis</emphasis> +(Hiyama) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61757F9BFC21FD5C" ID-CoL="8RCQJ" authority="(Ching ex K. H. Shing) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing" box="[350,902,722,743]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61757F9BFE72FD5C" box="[350,469,722,743]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. nigrescens</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63887F9BFE83FCBC" ID-CoL="8RFJC" authority="(Franch. & Sav.) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Franch. & Sav." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63887F9BFBB2FD5C" box="[931,1045,722,743]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. nipponica</emphasis> +(Franch. & Sav.) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A611C7FBBFDFFFCBC" ID-CoL="YSPH" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[311,600,753,775]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A611C7FBBFE38FCBD" box="[311,415,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. obtusata</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A624B7FBBFC2DFCBC" ID-CoL="YSPJ" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[608,906,753,775]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligolepia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A624B7FBBFD75FCBD" box="[608,722,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. oligolepia</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63B87FBBFEFCFC9C" ID-CoL="8RCQM" authority="(Ching ex K. H. Shing) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciloba"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63B87FBBFBA1FCBD" box="[915,1030,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. pauciloba</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A615B7E5BFD62FC9C" ID-CoL="YSPK" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[368,709,785,807]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectiniformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A615B7E5BFDA0FC9D" box="[368,519,785,807]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. pectiniformis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62CD7E5BFBA5FC9C" ID-CoL="YSPL" authority="(Ching) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[742,1026,785,807]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petelotii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62CD7E5BFCE9FC9D" box="[742,846,785,807]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. petelotii</emphasis> +(Ching) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64277E5BFF6AFCFC" ID-CoL="YSPM" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platyptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64277E5BFB2EFC9D" box="[1036,1161,785,807]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. platyptera</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60FD7E7BFE54FCFC" ID-CoL="YSPN" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[214,499,817,839]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plumosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60FD7E7BFE99FCFD" box="[214,318,817,839]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. plumosa</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61D67E7BFCB0FCFC" ID-CoL="YSPP" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[509,791,818,839]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="propria"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61D67E7BFDFAFCFC" box="[509,605,818,839]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. propria</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63007E7BFBEBFCFC" ID-CoL="YSPQ" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[811,1100,817,839]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubirachis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63007E7BFC02FCFD" box="[811,933,817,839]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. pubirachis</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A644B7E7BFEBFFCDC" ID-CoL="YSPR" authority="(E. Brown) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="E. Brown" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quaylei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A644B7E7BFB19FCFD" box="[1120,1214,817,839]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. quaylei</emphasis> +(E. Brown) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A610B7E18FE4FFCDC" ID-CoL="YSPS" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[288,488,849,871]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="raiateana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A610B7E18FE37FCDC" box="[288,400,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C.raiateana</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61D17E18FD61FCDC" ID-CoL="YSPT" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[506,710,849,871]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seemannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61D17E18FDC9FCDC" box="[506,622,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C.seemannii</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62E67E18FC3CFCDC" ID-CoL="6B76H" authority="M. Kato" authorityName="M. Kato" box="[717,923,849,871]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seramensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62E67E18FCECFCDC" box="[717,843,849,871]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. seramensis</emphasis> +M.Kato +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63867E18FB78FCDC" ID-CoL="YSPV" authority="(Davenp.) S. E. Fawc." authorityName="S. E. Fawc." baseAuthorityName="Davenp." box="[941,1247,849,871]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63867E18FBB1FCDD" box="[941,1046,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. simulata</emphasis> +(Davenp.) S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60527E38FE0AFC3C" ID-CoL="YSPW" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[121,429,881,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squamipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60527E38FF5FFC3C" box="[121,248,881,903]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. squamipes</emphasis> +(Copel.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61937E38FCAEFC3C" ID-CoL="YSPX" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[440,777,881,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stereophylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61937E38FDE1FC3D" box="[440,582,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. stereophylla</emphasis> +(Alderw.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63387E38FBA2FC3C" ID-CoL="YSPY" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[787,1029,881,903]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subbipinnata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63387E38FC0DFC3D" box="[787,938,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. subbipinnata</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD89B7A643E7E3BFBFAFC3C" box="[1045,1117,882,903]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A643E7E3BFBFAFC3C" bold="true" box="[1045,1117,882,903]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2L</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64587E38FE8EFC1C" ID-CoL="YSPZ" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subnigra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64587E38FB46FC3D" box="[1139,1249,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. subnigra</emphasis> +(Brause) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A611F7ED8FDB5FC1C" ID-CoL="YSQ2" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[308,530,913,935]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sulawesica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A611F7ED8FE12FC1D" box="[308,437,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. sulawesica</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62367ED8FB7AFC1C" ID-CoL="8RFMN" authority="(Ebihara & Nakato) S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Ebihara" authorityName="S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Ebihara" baseAuthorityName="Ebihara & Nakato" box="[541,1245,913,935]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylva-nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62367ED8FD6BFC1D" box="[541,716,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. sylva-nipponica</emphasis> +(Ebihara & Nakato) S.E. Fawc., A.R. Sm. & Ebihara +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60527EF8FEF4FC7C" ID-CoL="YSQ3" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[121,339,945,967]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tahanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60527EF8FF5FFC7D" box="[121,248,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. tahanensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61757EF8FDF4FC7C" ID-CoL="YSQ4" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[350,595,945,967]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanggamensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61757EF8FE5FFC7C" box="[350,504,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. tanggamensis</emphasis> +Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62767EF8FB65FC7C" ID-CoL="8RCQT" authority="(Ching ex K. H. Shing) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="K. H. Shing" box="[605,1218,945,967]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichochlamys"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62767EF8FD5CFC7D" box="[605,763,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. trichochlamys</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A64E77EF8FED8FC5C" ID-CoL="YSQ5" authority="(Bedd.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unidentata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A64E77EF8FF7BFC5D" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. unidentata</emphasis> +(Bedd.) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61AC7E98FD22FC5C" ID-CoL="YSQ6" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[391,645,977,999]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61AC7E98FE46FC5C" box="[391,481,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. viscosa</emphasis> +(Baker) Holttum +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A62A67E98FCE8FC5C" ID-CoL="YSQ7" authority="Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." box="[653,847,977,999]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A62A67E98FD54FC5C" box="[653,755,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">C. vitiensis</emphasis> +Holttum. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A60827EBBFD5DFBFC" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A60827EBBFD5DFBFC" blockId="49.[121,1252,337,1095]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60827EBBFE83FBBD" box="[169,292,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Incertae sedis</emphasis> +.—Based on the descriptions and illustrations, we are unable to place +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A639C7EB8FEFAFB9C" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing" authorityName="K. H. Shing" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="changbaishanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A639C7EB8FF36FB9C" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Parathelypteris changbaishanensis</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A61A77958FCF3FB9C" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing" authorityName="K. H. Shing" box="[396,852,1041,1063]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="qinlingensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A61A77958FD2EFB9D" box="[396,649,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Parathelypteris qinlingensis</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing +</taxonomicName> +with confidence in either +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A647B7958FB60FB9D" box="[1104,1223,1041,1062]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A647B7958FB60FB9D" box="[1104,1223,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60527978FF5AFBFD" box="[121,253,1073,1094]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60527978FF5AFBFD" box="[121,253,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Study of the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD89B7A6156797BFE0FFBFC" box="[381,424,1074,1095]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus> +material will be necessary to do so. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C44FDEBFE87.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C44FDEBFE87.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..da28944cde7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C44FDEBFE87.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="CFC2F262BC1EC1CB3FB40477FA879F30" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C44FDEBFE87" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Coryphopteris trichochlamys S. 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Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="F57F701C97C8EB09DE947A594E63E14E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="BBB255F4C5FE876F398D2AF59B8E0DBC"> +<mods:title id="D9EEC6829FB3D34319840E566E62EDD4">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="AF5DA66E953ACA0F14D0F591846C4291" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="AEF6378B013C8CD30EB53F5704EB1D24"> +<mods:roleTerm id="492E31B427B06CB0894FEE48798A941B">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B3A73CB20A4B5DFD708F9FF633B7AD8F">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="BD98FFCBD3D36AF3773408D727581E38" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="35F634D47C4DB84698D1269EE7CCEC6D"> +<mods:roleTerm id="469B4DE5EFFBD177D6554FBF605D1D51">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="8DF045FE738A3DA8CCADA3FF15B051C0">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="AEE026433801D12F5761276B39C59FC0">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="850BA29E113FCB4A0B53FE15A0970487"> +<mods:dateIssued id="2986F1EA0A1B92A8F7FCD45CAF778257">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="7AA1AEFD217ECE9EC7D57CC2B5A05CC5">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="E7832129D3FCAE4A0AB93171B8B3ED27"> +<mods:placeTerm id="D689C41535D069F92F79B504A40E3841">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="1BBB47FB49386E8773F5C33FF62BC573">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C44FDEBFE87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C44FDEBFE87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527C44FDEBFE87" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A60527C44FC19FE9A" box="[121,958,268,290]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A60527C44FC19FE9A" blockId="49.[121,1251,161,316]" box="[121,958,268,290]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD89B7A60527C44FC19FE9A" box="[121,958,268,290]" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60527C44FCE9FE99" ID-CoL="8RTVJ" authority="(Ching ex K. H. Shing) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Ching ex K. H. Shing" box="[121,846,268,290]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichochlamys" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60527C44FE03FE99" bold="true" box="[121,420,269,290]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Coryphopteris trichochlamys</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) S.E. Fawc.& A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A637F7C45FC19FE9A" bold="true" box="[852,958,268,289]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD89B7A637F7C45FC19FE9A" box="[852,958,268,289]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A63957C45FDEBFE87" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A63957C45FDEBFE87" blockId="49.[121,1251,161,316]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD89B7A63FC7C59FDE0FE87" author="K. H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." journal="Popularis Sin." page="320" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" score="1.0" volume="4" year="1999"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A63FC7C59FE4AFE87" ID-CoL="8RCQT" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." authorityName="K. H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichochlamys"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63FC7C59FB09FE9A" box="[983,1198,272,289]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Parathelypteris trichochlamys</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing,Fl.Reipubl.Popularis Sin. +</taxonomicName> +4:320.1999 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527D91FD8CFEBC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527D91FD8CFEBC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2224a1dc7b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527D91FD8CFEBC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="084EEA5E0B310ADAD4A046AA2F834BB6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD89B7A60527D91FD8CFEBC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Coryphopteris sylva-nipponica S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Ebihara, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="4609C36B0452FA28B05250C9B75AC8D1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="E72ED64207F04A0B815BD0C335B9B44C"> +<mods:title id="7A6AC3E2F35E1799E47E93BE26D86353">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="2AB8A3474A1F78F70639F3BFAC952E9D" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="B0A4D784279CAE732A2BC091539E9E47"> +<mods:roleTerm id="14D08C50369B2ED4D4AE7F2E4E7AD4FA">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5C2B1461CFE86AD875435698CB0CAAE4">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="04A8B63579ADF6FEE2B62662631BB057" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="8F76AD19E158C6137415D05E4CF7BF04"> +<mods:roleTerm id="33F7458F121B421A03E5B436DD47D837">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="3CF405701A565C93B532B8D51F98CD85">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="7FE0C1578A84222BE45A04F0C73B98C6">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="D41B5A3F3876F95D47B9B51D7E81575D"> +<mods:dateIssued id="6E7A9F5E79F7769BE697732FA6759421">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="8BA479AC9A1A9BEC36FACFE2ED91EA61">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="E1F31793A4DB6D37653BA4F4C01413E0"> +<mods:placeTerm id="E9E648C2C4D1FD8A8285934B78F622C4">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="2A649B21570D7D2419A0E5BA66ADFFCA">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFD89B7A60527D91FD8CFEBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076308" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD89B7A60527D91FD8CFEBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527D91FD8CFEBC" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A60527D91FBBDFF57" box="[121,1050,215,237]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A60527D91FBBDFF57" blockId="49.[121,1251,161,316]" box="[121,1050,215,237]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFD89B7A60527D91FBBDFF57" box="[121,1050,215,237]" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A60527D91FC00FF56" ID-CoL="8RV2F" authority="(Ebihara & Nakato) S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Ebihara" authorityName="S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Ebihara" baseAuthorityName="Ebihara & Nakato" box="[121,935,215,237]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylva-nipponica" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A60527D91FE15FF56" bold="true" box="[121,434,216,237]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Coryphopteris sylva-nipponica</emphasis> +(Ebihara & Nakato) S.E. Fawc., A.R. Sm. & Ebihara +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A63847D9EFBBDFF57" bold="true" box="[943,1050,215,236]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD89B7A63847D9EFBBDFF57" box="[943,1050,215,236]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD89B7A64317D9EFD8CFEBC" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD89B7A64317D9EFD8CFEBC" blockId="49.[121,1251,161,316]" pageId="49" pageNumber="39"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD89B7A641A7D93FD80FEBC" author="Ebihara & Nakato" journal="Phytotaxa" page="239" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" score="9.729594737742866" volume="477" year="2020"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD89B7A641A7D93FE1EFEBC" ID-CoL="8RFMN" authority="Ebihara & Nakato, Phytotaxa" authorityName="Ebihara & Nakato, Phytotaxa" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylva-nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD89B7A641A7D93FF70FEBE" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="39">Thelypteris sylva-nipponica</emphasis> +Ebihara & Nakato,Phytotaxa +</taxonomicName> +477:239.2020 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527DEBFDA8FF6A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527DEBFDA8FF6A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..516b001ae66 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD89B7A60527DEBFDA8FF6A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<document id="CE5336327BA7F17355879DE4B908269B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD89B7A60527DEBFDA8FF6A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Coryphopteris pauciloba S. 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Ching +</taxonomicName> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B62EA7BACFBB7F94C" ID-CoL="8RFJC" authority="(Franch. & Sav.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Franch. & Sav." box="[705,1040,1765,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B62EA7BACFCF9F94E" box="[705,862,1765,1782]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Thelypteris nipponica</emphasis> +(Franch.& Sav.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD99B7B604A7BDBFDB9F97A.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD99B7B604A7BDBFDB9F97A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..502c995976e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFD99B7B604A7BDBFDB9F97A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +<document id="A627C43918A2EF0D1E1BE4EF6C75CB85" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD99B7B604A7BDBFDB9F97A" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Coryphopteris nigrescens S. E. Fawc. & A. R. 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H. Shing) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Ching ex K. H. Shing" box="[106,818,1682,1703]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B60417BDBFED5F91C" bold="true" box="[106,370,1682,1703]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Coryphopteris nigrescens</emphasis> +(Ching ex K.H. Shing) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63107BD8FC00F91D" bold="true" box="[827,935,1681,1702]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD99B7B63107BD8FC00F91D" box="[827,935,1681,1702]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD99B7B638C7BDBFDB9F97A" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD99B7B638C7BDBFDB9F97A" blockId="48.[97,1227,1324,1783]" pageId="48" pageNumber="38"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD99B7B63EB7BDCFDBEF97A" author="K. H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." journal="Popularis Sin." page="321" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" score="1.0" volume="4" year="1999"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD99B7B63EB7BDCFE67F97A" ID-CoL="8RCQJ" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." authorityName="K. H. Shing, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="48" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD99B7B63EB7BDCFBD9F91E" box="[960,1150,1685,1702]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="38">Parathelypteris nigrescens</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing, Fl.Reipubl.Popularis Sin. +</taxonomicName> +4:321.1999 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..84b41df6ec3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED.xml @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +<document id="8F2DFBE1BB8BA3BF6FBB12ADA54E7A7A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Cyclogramma auriculata Ching" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="4224F870A60C999919D92D527013B809" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="47EEE5AD6001F6F740F2C1FEE779A3FE"> +<mods:title id="E9A534123BC15635556F365104E27C87">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="3C5CEBCEF0C4E17AC977B85CCB695FDF" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="3BAF01A93A47A7C42DB5894BE08D1AF6"> +<mods:roleTerm id="19FEB65A75C83F73E2610F9FEB894BC8">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="342507CED9FBD880A483582D0AF2B22D">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="4CAAD55E9EF13BC699779A5E34995929" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="709CD8EBF8A5B808DD31A9691FE6BA04"> +<mods:roleTerm id="2EB60050151CA8A101C9F9806F1319B7">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="977603BB67C815086142052E2801287F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="D33B4ECD6BF2E3889CAA6C5931985A90">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="F99E7392B0383CE425F11BAE76E5883E"> +<mods:dateIssued id="3B8E67B46D8309CB3C1A285E85602323">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="5FF0BD8023F2E64453AAD17EF818B50F">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="08CBE390B89D827B7F7E456DC5AE6CC0"> +<mods:placeTerm id="3536374557372BA210585F0A935333C0">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="FA945F55EAE922C74BD68BAB834327E0">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B7960BA7848FC6AFAED" blockId="50.[97,1226,161,1367]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960BA7848FE98FAAC" box="[145,319,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79614D7848FD7FFAAC" ID-CoL="6C3ZR" authority="(J. Sm.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="J. Sm." box="[358,728,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriculata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79614D7848FDEEFAAD" box="[358,585,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclogramma auriculata</emphasis> +(J. Sm.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962CA7848FC73FAAD" authority="(Ching) Tagawa" authorityName="Tagawa" baseAuthorityName="Ching" box="[737,980,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chunii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962CA7848FC95FAAD" box="[737,818,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. chunii</emphasis> +(Ching) Tagawa +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7963F77848FF6CFA8C" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing" authorityName="K. H. Shing" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costularisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7963F77848FBCBFAAD" box="[988,1132,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. costularisora</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing +</taxonomicName> +; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7960C27868FE46FA8D" authority="(Christ) Tagawa" authorityName="Tagawa" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[233,481,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexilis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960C27868FE98FA8D" box="[233,319,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. flexilis</emphasis> +(Christ) Tagawa +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7961D87868FD40FA8C" authority="(Christ) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[499,743,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leveillei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961D87868FDF3FA8D" box="[499,596,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. leveillei</emphasis> +(Christ) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962DB7868FBE9FA8C" authority="Ching ex K. H. Shing" authorityName="K. H. Shing" box="[752,1102,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maguanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962DB7868FC24FA8C" box="[752,899,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. maguanensis</emphasis> +Ching ex K.H. Shing +</taxonomicName> +; * +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79644A7868FF3DFAED" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDB9B79644A7868FBD4FA8D" box="[1121,1139,1313,1334]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. neoauriculata +</emphasis> +(Ching) Tagawa; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7961667808FDFCFAED" authority="(Baker) Tagawa" authorityName="Tagawa" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[333,603,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="omeiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961667808FE67FAEC" box="[333,448,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. omeiensis</emphasis> +(Baker) Tagawa +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962487808FC6AFAED" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Tagawa" box="[611,973,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squamaestipes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962487808FCA7FAEC" box="[611,768,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">C. squamaestipes</emphasis> +(C.B. Clarke) Tagawa +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDB9B7F621D7836FB04FC4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDB9B7F621D7836FB04FC4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..132a8ccb7d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDB9B7F621D7836FB04FC4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,573 @@ +<document id="54354872F624835ACDA085D434B9CDD2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDB9B7F621D7836FB04FC4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Cyclosorus sensu Copeland 1947" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="84214E7E69D12311BCB6E8AD73E37819" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="C76FBFB49A9A53337731BE2FBFCA927D"> +<mods:title id="E1E83119A9A1D8876E0FFE9B9C2523BB">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="97ED9E8166CE441D954157FE1FB63E85" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E0112155189107812AB74024867E2226"> +<mods:roleTerm id="A6C9ACEDBD2B937457E3CFFC6410B098">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="416E919259ACB8DB1CF3E132F92B026C">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="5409D08D9AEE0ED5BF8A83F7A415DFF3" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="1BBC7CD48519D411C8B5E82C1F648E7F"> +<mods:roleTerm id="C5C17D302E919CDE785D426C472DAFCC">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="B93806048B4D229976830AB968C1E8CB">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="805E09EF1DFAB45E74F12FAFB574A468">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="4BD5B20EFC761C3066437E964D208E0C"> +<mods:dateIssued id="E110A78FF56E46FDE9648DAC79474EE9">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="232099CBCD38A11F8AE9EB7F1E1AB055">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="4B5DF5377844E45987E2333B1ACF84CB"> +<mods:placeTerm id="55BE30C1F19C0769D00CEB2F4EEEA047">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="1AD0707ECC641A961F84C0083E9AB81D">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFDB9B7F621D7836FB04FC4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076326" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFDB9B7F621D7836FB04FC4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFDB9B7F621D7836FB04FC4C" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B79621D7836FD54FA22" box="[566,755,1407,1433]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B79621D7836FD54FA22" blockId="50.[97,1225,1407,1495]" box="[566,755,1407,1433]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFDB9B79621D7836FD54FA22" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[566,755,1407,1433]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79621D7836FD54FA22" ID-CoL="3Y46" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[566,755,1407,1433]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79621D7836FD54FA22" bold="true" box="[566,755,1407,1433]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">CYCLOSORUS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B79604A78E1FDFEFA06" box="[97,601,1447,1469]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B79604A78E1FDFEFA06" blockId="50.[97,1225,1407,1495]" box="[97,601,1447,1469]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFDB9B79604A78E1FDF2FA06" author="" box="[97,597,1447,1469]" journal="Reg. Bot. Berol." page="128" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" score="0.016057899257897745" volume="2" year="1833"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79604A78E1FE46FA06" ID-CoL="3Y46" authority="Link, Hort. Reg. Bot. Berol." box="[97,481,1447,1469]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79604A78E1FF75FA06" bold="true" box="[97,210,1448,1469]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +Link, Hort. Reg. Bot. Berol. +</taxonomicName> +2:128. 1833 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B79627378E1FE14FA6E" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B79627378E1FE14FA6E" blockId="50.[97,1225,1407,1495]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDB9B79625978E2FD36FA00" box="[626,657,1451,1467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDB9B79625978E2FD36FA00" box="[626,657,1451,1467]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7962B078E3FC1DFA07" ID-CoL="7C7QN" authority="(Schkuhr) Link" authorityName="Link" baseAuthorityName="Schkuhr" box="[667,954,1450,1468]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962B078E3FC99FA00" box="[667,830,1450,1467]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclosorus gongylodes</emphasis> +(Schkuhr) Link +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B7963FF78E3FB12FA07" ID-CoL="HFYV" authority="Schkuhr" authorityName="Schkuhr" box="[980,1205,1450,1468]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongylodes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7963FF78E3FBCAFA00" box="[980,1133,1450,1467]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Aspidium gongylodes</emphasis> +Schkuhr +</taxonomicName> +] = +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDB9B79608A788CFE14FA6E" ID-CoL="32XDV" authority="(Willd.) H. Ito" box="[161,435,1477,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79608A788CFEE2FA6E" box="[161,325,1477,1494]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Cyclosorus interruptus</emphasis> +(Willd.) H. Ito +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B7960AA78A2FE7BFA47" box="[129,476,1515,1532]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B7960AA78A2FE7BFA47" blockId="50.[129,476,1515,1532]" box="[129,476,1515,1532]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDB9B79614A78A2FE70FA47" author="Holttum" box="[353,471,1515,1532]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B79604A7B58FD6BF99C" box="[97,716,1553,1575]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B79604A7B58FD6BF99C" blockId="50.[97,1226,1553,1799]" box="[97,716,1553,1575]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79604A7B58FF65F99D" box="[97,194,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">Etymology</emphasis> +.—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961287B58FE9AF99D" box="[259,317,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">kyklos</emphasis> +, circle + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7961BA7B5BFE65F99C" box="[401,450,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">sorus</emphasis> +, sori; ferns with round sori. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDB9B7860B97B7BFDC2FD6C" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDB9B7860B97B7BFDC2FD6C" blockId="50.[97,1226,1553,1799]" lastBlockId="51.[121,1250,162,1783]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="50" pageNumber="40"> +Plants terrestrial, medium-sized (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDB9B7961D97B7BFD95F9FC" box="[498,562,1586,1607]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity> +) to large (fronds to ca. +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDB9B7963367B7BFCC1F9FC" box="[797,870,1586,1607]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity> +tall); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7963887B7BFBA4F9FC" bold="true" box="[931,1027,1586,1607]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">rhizomes</emphasis> +very long-creeping, branching, blackish when dried; rhizome scales sparse or nearly absent back from the rhizome apex; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B79640B7B1BFBC4F9DC" bold="true" box="[1056,1123,1618,1639]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">fronds</emphasis> +distant (to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDB9B79604A7B3BFF3CF93C" box="[97,155,1650,1671]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity> +apart), monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid, erect or arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7962FF7B3BFCA8F93C" bold="true" box="[724,783,1650,1671]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">stipes</emphasis> +blackish at bases, stramineous distally, adaxially grooved; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7960CA7BDBFEF4F91D" bold="true" box="[225,339,1681,1703]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">stipe scales</emphasis> +sparse, ovate-lanceolate, brown, setulose on margins and glabrous on surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDB9B7964627BD8FB2CF91D" bold="true" box="[1097,1163,1681,1702]" pageId="50" pageNumber="40">blades</emphasis> +chartaceous to subcoriaceous (often somewhat leathery), drying greenish or reddish, pinnate-pinnatifid, with proximal pinnae not reduced or lowermost pair only slightly so, lacking auricles at acroscopic base; blade apices usually short, pinnatifid to subconform and pinna-like but usually much shorter than longest lateral pinnae; rachises generally hairy to glabrous or glabrescent, hairs if present 0.1–1.0 mm long, not scaly, lacking proliferous buds in axils of pinnae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7864B07DEBFB46FF0C" bold="true" box="[1179,1249,162,183]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">pinnae</emphasis> +10–30 pairs, linear-lanceolate, short-stalked ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDA9B7862097D8BFDD4FF6C" box="[546,627,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity> +), usually alternate or becoming alternate distally, lacking auricles, bases rounded to truncate, adaxially with a groove that is not continuous with the rachis groove, shallowly lobed ca. +<superScript id="7C6B9BA8FFDA9B7860527C4BFF27FEB5" attach="none" box="[121,128,258,270]" fontSize="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">1</superScript> +⁄ +<subScript id="179A34A5FFDA9B7860A87C40FF2DFEAE" attach="left" box="[131,138,265,277]" fontSize="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">4</subScript> +– +<superScript id="7C6B9BA8FFDA9B7860BC7C4BFF39FEB5" attach="none" box="[151,158,258,270]" fontSize="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">1</superScript> +⁄ +<subScript id="179A34A5FFDA9B7860897C40FF0EFEAE" attach="left" box="[162,169,265,277]" fontSize="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">2</subScript> +their width, or in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7861737C4BFE1EFEAC" box="[344,441,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7861737C4BFE1EFEAC" box="[344,441,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. striatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to ca. 5/6 their width; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862BB7C4BFD62FEAC" bold="true" box="[656,709,258,279]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">veins</emphasis> +simple, 9–18(–30) pairs per segment, usually prominent on both sides, unbranched, basal pairs from adjacent segments united at an obtuse angle below the sinus, and forming an excurrent vein (usually +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDA9B7861577C0BFE68FEEC" box="[380,463,322,343]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity> +long) running to the sinus, next pair more oblique and meeting margin at or just above the sinus, free vein ends reaching segment margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862977C28FC89FECD" bold="true" box="[700,814,353,374]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">aerophores</emphasis> +inconspicuous or absent at pinna bases, not swollen; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860E47CCBFE3FFE2C" bold="true" box="[207,408,386,407]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of stipes, rachises, costae, veins, and often laminar tissue between veins lacking or of hyaline acicular, spreading hairs, these 0.1–0.4 mm, blades lacking capitate hairs, often (on +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7863FA7CEBFBE8FE0C" box="[977,1103,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7863FA7CEBFBE8FE0C" box="[977,1103,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) with orangish to reddish, sessile, spherical glands on costules, veins, and sometimes on laminar tissue between veins, also with scattered ovate, flat, pale brown scales on costae and sometimes on costules and veins in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7863B17CABFC5EFE4C" box="[922,1017,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7863B17CABFC5EFE4C" box="[922,1017,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. striatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7864287CABFB6EFE4C" bold="true" box="[1027,1225,482,503]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of generally short (ca. 0.2 mm) hyaline, unicellular setae on stipes, rachises, and costae, hairs lacking on veins and tissue between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7861207F68FEC5FD8D" bold="true" box="[267,354,545,566]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue on both sides; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862F77F6BFD58FD8C" box="[732,767,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">sori</emphasis> +medial to supramedial, circular, often absent from proximal 1 or 2 pairs of veins, not coalescent at maturity, indusiate, indusia sparingly hairy or glabrescent on margins and sometimes on surfaces, caducous with age; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862157F2BFD04FDCC" bold="true" box="[574,675,610,631]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">sporangia</emphasis> +without setae or glands on the capsules, but often each with orangish to reddish long-stalked (2–4 cells) gland on the sporangial stalk; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78636D7FC8FC2FFD2D" bold="true" box="[838,904,641,662]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">spores</emphasis> +dark brown, with perispore irregularly spinulose or with short perforate ridges, lacking thin wings; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862D97FEBFD5AFD0C" box="[754,765,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">x</emphasis> += 36 (both spp. counted), diploids and tetraploids known (see +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860C77F8BFEB9FD6C" box="[236,286,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Notes</emphasis> +), intergeneric hybrids not known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDA9B7860827FABFCF1FCCC" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDA9B7860827FABFCF1FCCC" blockId="51.[121,1250,162,1783]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860827FABFEA4FD4C" box="[169,259,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis</emphasis> +.— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7861347FABFE08FD4C" author="Holttum" box="[287,431,738,759]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B78619C7FABFE40FD4C" author="Holttum" box="[439,487,738,759]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) considered the essential characters of the genus to include the very long-creeping, nearly scale-less rhizomes, blades truncate at the base (without greatly reduced proximal pinnae), anastomosing veins (usually one pair), costae bearing persistent flat, ovate scales abaxially, the presence of long-stalked glands on the sporangial stalks and receptacle (illustrated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7862167E0BFD5FFCEC" author="Holttum" box="[573,760,834,855]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="195 - 215" part="43" refId="ref110127" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E., U. SEN, & D. MITTRA. 1970. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze. Blumea 43: 195 - 215." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze" type="journal article" year="1970">Holttum et al. 1970</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B78632A7E0BFCD7FCEC" author="Smith" box="[769,880,834,855]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDA9B78632A7E0BFC9CFCEC" box="[769,827,834,855]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Smith</collectingRegion> +1971 +</bibRefCitation> +), and often sessile orangish or reddish glands on the laminae. No other genus shares this combination of characters. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDA9B7860827EC8FD41FB2C" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDA9B7860827EC8FD41FB2C" blockId="51.[121,1250,162,1783]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860827EC8FDB8FC2D" box="[169,543,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7861927EC8FDB8FC2D" box="[441,543,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDA9B78620D7ECBFDE6FC2C" box="[550,577,898,919]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78620D7ECBFD9AFC2C" box="[550,573,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, as defined here, includes only two or three species ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B78647B7ECBFB7AFC2C" author="Holttum" box="[1104,1245,898,919]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7860527EEBFF14FC0C" author="Holttum" box="[121,179,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7860907EEBFF4BFC0C" author="Holttum" box="[187,236,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +), plants of freshwater swamps and wetlands, in ponds, or along streams and rivers, tropics and subtropics, growing at generally low elevations, 0–1000(–1800) m. The +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDA9B7862977E8BFD40FC6C" box="[700,743,962,983]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus> +species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78637A7E88FC13FC6D" box="[849,948,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78637A7E88FC13FC6D" box="[849,948,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is pantropical, extremely polymorphic, and not recently studied over its broad range. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B78628C7EABFC8FFC4C" author="Smith" box="[679,808,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation> +tentatively recognized three varieties in the American tropics, from Florida, Antilles, southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDA9B786248794BFD0CFBAC" box="[611,683,1026,1047]" name="Mexico" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Mexico</collectingCountry> +to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDA9B7862E2794BFCA9FBAC" box="[713,782,1026,1047]" name="Bolivia" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDA9B78633C794BFCCBFBAC" box="[791,876,1026,1047]" name="Uruguay" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Uruguay</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDA9B78638B794BFC5DFBAC" box="[928,1018,1026,1047]" name="Paraguay" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Paraguay</collectingCountry> +. This same species, perhaps comprising other varieties, occurs in Africa, southeastern Asia, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDA9B786337796BFCCEFB8C" box="[796,873,1058,1079]" name="Malaysia" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, Australasia, and Polynesia (including Hawai’i). The second species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7861D57908FDF9FBEC" box="[510,606,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7861D57908FDF9FBEC" box="[510,606,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. striatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is restricted to tropical Africa and is clearly related, based on both morphology and nucleotide sequence data. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDA9B786231792BFD8DFBCC" box="[538,554,1122,1143]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode> +late Miocene fossil described by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B78634D792BFB8BFBCC" author="Robledo" box="[870,1068,1122,1143]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Robledo" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasil. Paleontol." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="225 - 238" part="18" refId="ref113487" refString="ROBLEDO, J. M., L. C. SARZETTI, & L. M. ANZOTEGUI. 2015. Phytophagy on fossil ferns from Argentina (Palo Pintado Formation, late Miocene): a review of their fossil record and ichnotaxonomy. Revista Brasil. Paleontol. 18: 225 - 238." title="Phytophagy on fossil ferns from Argentina (Palo Pintado Formation, late Miocene): a review of their fossil record and ichnotaxonomy" type="journal article" year="2015">Robledo et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation> +from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78644E792BFB60FBCC" box="[1125,1223,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina</taxonomicName> +, is referable to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860C379C8FEC8FB2C" box="[232,367,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7860C379C8FECCFB2C" box="[232,363,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus">C. interruptus</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +suggesting the species is at least 5 mya. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDA9B7F608279EBFE18FCEC" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDA9B78608279EBFF75FA2C" blockId="51.[121,1250,162,1783]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78608279EBFDA6FB0D" box="[169,513,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis> +.— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B78623579EBFD1DFB0C" author="Holttum" box="[542,698,1186,1207]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +provided a general characterization of the genus in its restricted sense and later (1974a, 1977b, 1982) offered treatments of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7862DC7988FCFDFB6D" box="[759,858,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862DC7988FCFDFB6D" box="[759,858,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in Africa, the Pacific and Australasia, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDA9B78605279ABFF61FB4C" box="[121,198,1250,1271]" name="Malaysia" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Malesia</collectingCountry> +.In his 1974a paper he also presented a tentative key to all species in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78636E79A8FC00FB4D" box="[837,935,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78636E79A8FC00FB4D" box="[837,935,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, separating the glabrous variants as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7860B97848FE38FAAC" authority="(Thunb.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[146,415,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tottus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860B97848FF47FAAC" box="[146,224,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. tottus</emphasis> +(Thunb.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +, with a South African +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDA9B78625E7848FD07FAAD" box="[629,672,1281,1302]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus> +(many glabrous plants also occur in the Neotropics), and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7864E77848FF46FA8C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7864E77848FF46FA8C" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDA9B7860CE786BFEA7FA8D" box="[229,256,1313,1335]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860CE786BFF5CFA8C" box="[229,251,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, variously hairy, with a southern Indian +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDA9B7862A97868FD17FA8D" box="[642,688,1313,1334]" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus> +. In the same paper he also acknowledged that species intermediates existed. Because the elements and intricate interrelationships within this complex have been inadequately studied over their entire range, we prefer, in this work, to subsume +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7862C47828FC9BFACC" box="[751,828,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tottus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862C47828FC9BFACC" box="[751,828,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. tottus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7863AE7828FBA2FACC" box="[901,1029,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7863AE7828FBA2FACC" box="[901,1029,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the oldest name in the complex. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDA9B7F608378EBFB11FF6C" blockId="51.[121,1250,162,1783]" lastBlockId="52.[97,1226,162,1015]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="51" pageNumber="41"> +Prior to Holttum’s seminal works mentioned above, most authors included several other genera within +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78645378E8FB45FA0D" box="[1144,1250,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78645378E8FB79FA0D" box="[1144,1246,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyclosorus</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +This broad circumscription was adopted by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B786202788BFD69FA6C" author="Copeland" box="[553,718,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Copeland" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 247" part="5" refId="ref107963" refString="COPELAND, E. B. 1947. Genera filicum, the genera of ferns. Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5: 1 - 247." title="Genera filicum, the genera of ferns" type="journal article" year="1947">Copeland (1947)</bibRefCitation> +and followed by many subsequent authors. Even after Holttum’s studies, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B78610778ABFE62FA4C" author="Lin" box="[300,453,1505,1527]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7861DE78ABFDE9FA4C" author="Li" box="[501,590,1506,1527]" firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="609 - 638" part="51" refId="ref111155" refString="LI, Z. Y., H. E. ZHAO- RONG, & X. C. ZHANG. 2013. A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China. J. Syst. Evol. 51: 609 - 638." title="A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China" type="journal article" year="2013">Li (2013)</bibRefCitation> +, working primarily with Chinese species, included +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78646B78A8FB3DFA4D" box="[1088,1178,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78646B78A8FB3DFA4D" box="[1088,1178,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7860527B48FF79F9AD" box="[121,222,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860527B48FF79F9AD" box="[121,222,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, as well as the genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7861EB7B48FDCFF9AD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[448,616,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7861EB7B48FDCFF9AD" box="[448,616,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78625E7B4BFCADF9AC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[629,778,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78625E7B4BFCADF9AC" box="[629,778,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7863697B48FC77F9AD" box="[834,976,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7863697B48FC77F9AD" box="[834,976,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. All of these segregates are recognized as genera herein. By extension, the genera +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7862B77B68FC8CF98D" box="[668,811,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862B77B68FC8CF98D" box="[668,811,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(formerly +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7863BC7B68FBB1F98D" box="[919,1046,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Amphineuron</emphasis> +), +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7864007B6BFB35F98C" box="[1067,1170,1570,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7864007B6BFB35F98C" box="[1067,1170,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7864B47B68FB7DF98D" box="[1183,1242,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7864B47B68FB7DF98D" box="[1183,1242,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7860527B08FF4EF9ED" box="[121,233,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860527B08FF4EF9ED" box="[121,233,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7860D87B08FED0F9ED" box="[243,375,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860D87B08FED0F9ED" box="[243,375,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and other genera as well, are often included in an expanded concept of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7864087B08FB22F9ED" box="[1059,1157,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7864087B08FB22F9ED" box="[1059,1157,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Without providing new evidence, an extreme view was adopted by Mazumdar and Mukhopadhyay (2013), who subsumed all cyclosoroid genera within +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78615D7BC8FE7FF92D" box="[374,472,1665,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78615D7BC8FE7FF92D" box="[374,472,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. As discussed by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7862A97BCBFCA7F92C" author="Smith" box="[642,768,1666,1687]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDA9B7862A97BCBFD1BF92C" box="[642,700,1666,1687]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Smith</collectingRegion> +(1990) +</bibRefCitation> +, if one adopts that taxonomy, the earliest available generic name is +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B78613A7BEBFED2F90C" box="[273,373,1698,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B78613A7BEBFED2F90C" box="[273,373,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7861AA7BE8FDADF90D" box="[385,522,1697,1718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7861AA7BE8FDADF90D" box="[385,522,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also preempts +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7862BC7BE8FD5FF90D" box="[663,760,1697,1718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7862BC7BE8FD5FF90D" box="[663,760,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). An even more extreme taxonomic view was taken by Christenhusz and Chase (2014), who included all thelypteroid genera—about 1200 species—in the single genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDA9B7860527BA8FF41F94D" box="[121,230,1761,1782]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDA9B7860527BA8FF41F94D" box="[121,230,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="41">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. As a consequence of recent phylogenetic insight (especially +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7863787BA8FBAAF94C" author="He & Zhang" box="[851,1037,1761,1783]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDA9B7864337BABFB79F94C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[1048,1246,1761,1783]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="51" pageNumber="41" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; and Fawcett et al. in press), reconsideration of morphological characters, and a judgment that a more finely constructed taxonomy facilitates further evolutionary studies, we here choose to recognize +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63677D88FC08FF6D" box="[844,943,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63677D88FC08FF6D" box="[844,943,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in its most restricted sense. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F60BA7DA8FD42FE0C" blockId="52.[97,1226,162,1015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F60BA7DA8FF53FF4D" ID-CoL="3Y46" box="[145,244,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60BA7DA8FF53FF4D" box="[145,244,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +belongs to the large cyclosoroid clade, which is defined by the synapomorphy of +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F64217DABFBB2FF4C" box="[1034,1045,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">x</emphasis> += 36, and by most species having anastomosing veins. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61EF7C48FD8FFEAD" ID-CoL="3Y46" box="[452,552,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61EF7C48FD8FFEAD" box="[452,552,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +forms a clade with the southeast Asian genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63DF7C48FBD4FEAD" ID-CoL="5PVX" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1012,1139,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63DF7C48FBD4FEAD" box="[1012,1139,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +plus the paleotropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F60CD7C68FEC7FE8D" ID-CoL="629W5" box="[230,352,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60CD7C68FEC7FE8D" box="[230,352,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and these three are in turn sister to the neotropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63437C6BFC6AFE8C" ID-CoL="5P44" box="[872,973,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63437C6BFC6AFE8C" box="[872,973,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFDD9B7F63F07C6BFBB4FE8C" box="[987,1043,290,311]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63F07C6BFBB4FE8C" bold="true" box="[987,1043,290,311]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F640C7C6BFB61FE8C" author="Holttum" box="[1063,1222,290,311]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F604A7C0BFF36FEEC" author="Holttum" box="[97,145,322,343]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) considered the closest relationship of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62237C08FDCCFEED" ID-CoL="3Y46" box="[520,619,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62237C08FDCCFEED" box="[520,619,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to be with predominantly temperate +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63F97C08FB9DFEED" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[978,1082,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63F97C08FB9DFEED" box="[978,1082,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDD9B7F64147C0BFBFDFEEC" box="[1087,1114,322,343]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F64147C0BFBF2FEEC" box="[1087,1109,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, which has only two species, and with monotypic +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61E57C28FDE0FECD" ID-CoL="629W5" box="[462,583,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61E57C28FDE0FECD" box="[462,583,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but affinity with +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62DB7C28FCFFFECD" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[752,856,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62DB7C28FCFFFECD" box="[752,856,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDD9B7F63767C2BFCDEFECC" box="[861,889,354,375]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63767C2BFCD5FECC" box="[861,882,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +is now thought to be remote ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F64B97C2BFF71FE2C" author="He & Zhang" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F60F57CCBFE3EFE2C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[222,409,386,407]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F618A7CCBFDE3FE2C" author="Patel" box="[417,580,386,407]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +; Fawcett et al. in press). Possibly, the similar habitat—marshes and swamps—influenced Holttum to think the two genera were related. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F60BA7C8BFC76FD2C" blockId="52.[97,1226,162,1015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60BA7C8BFF62FE6C" box="[145,197,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Notes</emphasis> +.—Spores of both +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61537C88FD8EFE6C" box="[376,553,449,471]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61537C88FE7BFE6D" box="[376,476,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +species +</taxonomicName> +were described as having “cavate folds with echinate elements” and “short, perforate ridges” by Tryon and Lugardon (1991), and spores of their Panamanian accession of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F64357CABFB07FE4C" ID-CoL="32XDV" box="[1054,1184,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F64357CABFB07FE4C" box="[1054,1184,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and Ugandan +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F60957F4BFEB8FDAC" ID-CoL="32XNW" box="[190,287,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60957F4BFEB8FDAC" box="[190,287,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">C. striatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +resemble +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61AB7F4BFDA5FDAC" ID-CoL="32XDV" box="[384,514,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61AB7F4BFDA5FDAC" box="[384,514,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +material from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F62B97F4BFCB5FDAC" box="[658,786,514,535]" name="New Zealand" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F63357F4BFC64FDAC" author="Patel" box="[798,963,514,535]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +), but differ from the spores observed in material from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F61757F6BFE3BFD8C" box="[350,412,546,567]" name="China" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">China</collectingCountry> +, which have few broad crests and little secondary sculpturing (Dai et. al. 2002; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F64BB7F6BFF73FDEC" author="Wang & Dai" firstAuthor="Wang" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" refId="ref115680" refString="WANG Q. X. & X. L. DAI. 2010. Spores of Polypodiales (Filicales) from China. Science Press, Beijing, China." title="Spores of Polypodiales (Filicales) from China" type="book" year="2010">Wang & Dai 2010</bibRefCitation> +). The spores of the related genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F623D7F08FD37FDED" ID-CoL="629W5" box="[534,656,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F623D7F08FD37FDED" box="[534,656,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F62B77F0BFC2CFDEC" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[668,907,578,599]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +, fig. 153.4) are virtually indistinguishable from the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61347F28FE14FDCC" box="[287,435,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61347F28FE24FDCD" box="[287,387,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +spp. +</taxonomicName> +spores imaged in the same plate, while spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63B27F28FBB0FDCD" ID-CoL="5PVX" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[921,1047,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63B27F28FBB0FDCD" box="[921,1047,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also have broadly winged spores with little secondary sculpturing ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F62197FCBFCBAFD2C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[562,797,642,663]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +, figs. 153.5, 153.6). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F60A47FEBFE18FCEC" blockId="52.[97,1226,162,1015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +Chromosome counts are known from plants of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62657FE8FD68FD0C" box="[590,719,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62657FE8FD68FD0C" box="[590,719,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +growing in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F63147FEBFC25FD0C" box="[831,898,674,695]" name="Ghana" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Ghana</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F63A27FEBFC43FD0C" box="[905,996,674,695]" name="Tanzania" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Tanzania</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F63C07FEBFB84FD0C" box="[1003,1059,674,695]" name="Japan" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F64007FEBFBC7FD0C" box="[1067,1120,674,695]" name="India" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F644C7FEBFB61FD0C" box="[1127,1222,674,695]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F60A27F8BFF65FD6C" box="[137,194,706,727]" name="Japan" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry> +.Manton and Sledge (1954) found meiotic irregularities, with both triploid and tetraploids from +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F64687F8BFB06FD6C" box="[1091,1185,706,727]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry> +, but most counts made from plants of the Paleotropics are diploid. Two counts from neotropical localities, Florida and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDD9B7F604A7E4BFF08FCAC" box="[97,175,770,791]" name="Jamaica" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Jamaica</collectingCountry> +, are tetraploid. The taxonomic significance of these regional ploidy differences is unknown, but it seems quite possible, even likely, that +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F614B7E68FE43FC8C" box="[352,484,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F614B7E68FE43FC8C" box="[352,484,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">C. interruptus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, as construed herein, represents a species complex. The second species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F649F7E68FF00FCEC" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F649F7E68FF00FCEC" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">C. striatus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, has been counted as diploid. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7F60BA7E28FC55FCCC" box="[145,1010,865,887]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F60BA7E28FC55FCCC" blockId="52.[97,1226,162,1015]" box="[145,1010,865,887]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60BA7E28FE99FCCC" box="[145,318,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Constituent species</emphasis> +.—* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F614E7E28FD65FCCC" authority="(Willd.) H. Ito" authorityName="H. Ito" baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[357,706,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interruptus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F614E7E28FD92FCCC" box="[357,565,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus interruptus</emphasis> +(Willd.) H. Ito +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62FE7E28FC55FCCC" authority="(Schum.) Pic. Serm." box="[725,1010,865,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striatus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62FE7E28FC92FCCC" box="[725,821,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">C. striatus</emphasis> +(Schum.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7F60BA7EC8FB04FC4C" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F60BA7EC8FB04FC4C" blockId="52.[97,1226,162,1015]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60BA7EC8FE8FFC2C" box="[145,296,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Excluded species</emphasis> +.—Many species in the family have combinations in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63337EC8FCDCFC2D" box="[792,891,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63337EC8FCDCFC2D" box="[792,891,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F63827ECBFF35FC0C" author="Mazumdar & Mukhopadhyay" firstAuthor="Mazumdar" journalOrPublisher="Bionature" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="13 - 34" part="33" refId="ref111962" refString="MAZUMDAR, J. & R. MUKHOPADHYAY. 2013. Nomenclatural notes on some members of Thelypteridaceae. II. Bionature 33: 13 - 34." title="Nomenclatural notes on some members of Thelypteridaceae. II" type="journal article" year="2013">Mazumdar & Mukhopadhyay 2013</bibRefCitation> +), but only two species are included in our concept, which follows +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F63377EEBFC14FC0C" author="Holttum" box="[796,947,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F63CF7EEBFBC3FC0C" author="PPG I" box="[996,1124,930,951]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">PPG I (2016)</bibRefCitation> +. Excluded species belong to many different genera in our treatment, especially, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62C57E88FCDEFC6D" box="[750,889,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62C57E88FCDEFC6D" box="[750,889,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63A87E88FC7AFC6D" box="[899,989,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63A87E88FC7AFC6D" box="[899,989,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63C27E88FBF3FC6D" box="[1001,1108,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63C27E88FBF3FC6D" box="[1001,1108,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F64747E8BFB64FC6C" box="[1119,1219,962,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F64747E8BFB64FC6C" box="[1119,1219,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F604A7EABFF63FC4C" box="[97,196,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F604A7EABFF63FC4C" box="[97,196,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F60E57EA8FEEEFC4D" box="[206,329,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60E57EA8FEEEFC4D" box="[206,329,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F617F7EABFE43FC4C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[340,484,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F617F7EABFE43FC4C" box="[340,484,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61C47EA8FDCFFC4D" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[495,616,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61C47EA8FDCFFC4D" box="[495,616,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and its segregate genera, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F637C7EA8FC60FC4D" box="[855,967,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F637C7EA8FC60FC4D" box="[855,967,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63D17EA8FB39FC4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1018,1182,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63D17EA8FB39FC4D" box="[1018,1182,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDC9B7C62627B16FCE9FE0C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDC9B7C62627B16FCE9FE0C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..42298a3e8aa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDC9B7C62627B16FCE9FE0C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,349 @@ +<document id="668CBF15F21789A4EF46E7AD642467B0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDC9B7C62627B16FCE9FE0C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Goniopteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="8D863859654018FA94AEAD48B45CF43C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="3D095D4C12675FF00555F564C9494831"> +<mods:title id="211F310A43436A7DBD5C051F6B6F3469">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="6D232359E0106F503634E2ED5FD07517" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="2EB691FF8BAC0C30459627C91D149AAE"> +<mods:roleTerm id="E32D420F1235249C72D61F475E547801">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5DDDCA6831822C7577412B8F7E01542D">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="9C16FA179AFE3BEE505747739F89A608" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="39D53E61AEBF05298519CE2212C34E35"> +<mods:roleTerm id="D857EDABD7E4A72B81B56529083A1C13">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="EE2E2575A297650B374602C2A1E0E917">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="26829B299C347B917F798FA9A7CABD66">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="AB895879CE7FAAA11E4C90F3ACF63FA6"> +<mods:dateIssued id="767DDD782EDE8B2C9E379B9B3C3B2960">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="05848BC0AB027584AD6A10CAB9E79872">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="A65A8F4094848F441501C70502B5DD67"> +<mods:placeTerm id="DABEB2940D4B9330DD51D1CB7504D5B2">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="39D4ADF4BECF08BFB4AE8E54FD96F818">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFDC9B7C62627B16FCE9FE0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076336" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFDC9B7C62627B16FCE9FE0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFDC9B7C62627B16FCE9FE0C" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E62627B16FCB7F9C2" box="[585,784,1631,1657]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E62627B16FCB7F9C2" blockId="53.[121,1251,1631,1745]" box="[585,784,1631,1657]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFDC9B7E62627B16FCB7F9C2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[585,784,1631,1657]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62627B16FCB7F9C2" ID-CoL="4Q6Q" box="[585,784,1631,1657]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62627B16FCB7F9C2" bold="true" box="[585,784,1631,1657]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">GONIOPTERIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E60527BC1FCC7F90C" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E60527BC1FCC7F90C" blockId="53.[121,1251,1631,1745]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60527BC1FE18F926" authority="C. Presl, Tent. Pterid." authorityName="C. Presl, Tent. Pterid." box="[121,447,1671,1693]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60527BC1FF55F926" bold="true" box="[121,242,1672,1693]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Goniopteris</emphasis> +C. Presl, Tent.Pterid. +</taxonomicName> +181–183, pl. 7, f. +<date id="FFA01020FFDC9B7E62717BC1FD67F926" box="[602,704,1672,1693]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" value="1836-11-09">9–11.1836</date> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62F67BC3FB23F927" authority="(C. Presl) Duek, Adansonia" authorityName="Duek, Adansonia" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[733,1156,1674,1692]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Goniopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62F67BC3FC88F920" box="[733,815,1674,1691]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Thelypteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63767BC2FC14F920" box="[861,947,1675,1691]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Goniopteris</emphasis> +(C.Presl) Duek,Adansonia +</taxonomicName> +,n.s., 11:720. 1971.— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFDC9B7E60D87BECFCFBF90C" author="C. V. Morton" box="[243,860,1701,1719]" issue="4" journal="Amer. Fern J." page="154" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" score="85.37874681426794" volume="53" year="1963"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60D87BECFD43F90E" ID-CoL="8H87" authority="(C. Presl) C. V. Morton, Amer. Fern J." authorityName="C. V. Morton, Amer. Fern J." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[243,740,1701,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Goniopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60D87BECFEE2F90D" box="[243,325,1701,1718]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E615B7BECFE61F90E" box="[368,454,1701,1717]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Goniopteris</emphasis> +(C. Presl) C.V. Morton, Amer. Fern J. +</taxonomicName> +53(4):154. 1963 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E63757BEFFD1CF96A" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E63757BEFFD1CF96A" blockId="53.[121,1251,1631,1745]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDC9B7E63587BECFC1AF90E" box="[883,957,1701,1717]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus> +(designated by +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDC9B7E641E7BECFB9AF90E" box="[1077,1085,1701,1717]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode> +. +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDC9B7E646F7BEFFBD4F90C" box="[1092,1139,1702,1719]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Smith</collectingRegion> +, Hist. Fil. 191. 1875): +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60C07B89FE45F96A" authority="(Sw.) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[235,482,1728,1745]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60C07B89FEDCF96B" box="[235,379,1728,1744]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Goniopteris crenata</emphasis> +(Sw.) C.Presl +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E61D27B89FD11F96A" authority="(Bory) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Bory" box="[505,694,1728,1745]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poiteana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E61D27B89FDEBF96B" box="[505,588,1728,1744]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. poiteana</emphasis> +(Bory) Ching +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E60B27BACFCBEF94C" box="[153,793,1765,1783]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E60B27BACFCBEF94C" blockId="53.[153,793,1765,1783]" box="[153,793,1765,1783]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +For additional generic synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E619F7BAFFDE6F94C" author="Christensen" box="[436,577,1766,1783]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen (1913</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E626D7BAFFDCAF94C" author="Christensen" box="[582,621,1766,1783]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="3 - 132" part="6" refId="ref107760" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1920. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd., ser. 8, 6: 3 - 132." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation> +), +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E62527BACFD45F94C" author="Proctor" box="[633,738,1765,1783]" firstAuthor="Proctor" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London, UK" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" refId="ref113097" refString="PROCTOR, G. R. 1985. Ferns of Jamaica. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK." title="Ferns of Jamaica" type="book" year="1985">Proctor (1985</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E62C37BAFFCA8F94C" author="Proctor" box="[744,783,1766,1783]" firstAuthor="Proctor" journalOrPublisher="Mem. New York Bot. Gard." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 389" part="53" refId="ref113120" refString="PROCTOR, G. R. 1989. Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 53: 1 - 389." title="Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands" type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDF9B7D604A7DE8FF45FF4C" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDF9B7D604A7DE8FF45FF4C" blockId="54.[97,1226,161,1783]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D604A7DE8FF6EFF0D" box="[97,201,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61287DEBFE92FF0C" box="[259,309,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">gonia</emphasis> +, angle + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61A37DEBFE1BFF0C" box="[392,444,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">pteris</emphasis> +, fern, in reference to the angle of often acutely anastomosing veins below the sinus or these producing an excurrent vein joined by other connivent veins; this contrasts to the often obliquely united veins of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D60537DABFF7BFF4C" box="[120,220,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D60537DABFF7BFF4C" box="[120,220,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDF9B7D60BB7C4BFC67FC6C" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDF9B7D60BB7C4BFC67FC6C" blockId="54.[97,1226,161,1783]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +Plants terrestrial or epilithic, small to medium-sized ( +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDF9B7D62A57C4BFD42FEAC" box="[654,741,258,279]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="42.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="5.0">5–80 cm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62DE7C4BFCF4FEAC" bold="true" box="[757,851,258,279]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">rhizomes</emphasis> +typically stout, short-creeping, ascending, or erect, scales generally with stellate or furcate hairs on surfaces and/or margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63A27C6BFC6BFE8C" bold="true" box="[905,972,290,311]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">fronds</emphasis> +erect, arching, pendent, or prostrate, monomorphic, or weakly dimorphic (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D62657C0BFCB5FEEC" box="[590,786,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62657C0BFCB5FEEC" box="[590,786,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Goniopteris tetragona</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), typically pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely simple or pinnate-pinnatisect; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61077C2BFECFFECC" bold="true" box="[300,360,354,375]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to dull brown, grooved adaxially; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63147C2BFC11FECD" bold="true" box="[831,950,353,375]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">stipe scales</emphasis> +brown, deltate-ovate to linear-lanceolate, typically with furcate or stellate hairs on surfaces and/or margins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63567CC8FC18FE2D" bold="true" box="[893,959,385,406]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to thickly coriaceous, often drying dark green, apex conform or gradually reduced, base of blade unreduced, or, if reduced, without many pairs of gradually reduced pinnae, proliferous buds sometimes present adaxially along rachises, in axils of pinnae, sometimes also along costae (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D61DA7CABFD9DFE4D" box="[497,570,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61DA7CABFD9DFE4D" box="[497,570,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. alata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62667CABFD34FE4C" bold="true" box="[589,659,482,503]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">pinnae</emphasis> +petiolulate, sessile, or narrowly adnate (especially distally), margins simple, crenate to deeply lobed, bases dilated, truncate, rounded, hastate, or with acroscopic auricles; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D64BF7F4BFB6EFDAC" bold="true" box="[1172,1225,514,535]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">veins</emphasis> +anastomosing, at an angle with veins from adjacent segments, forming an excurrent veinlet to the sinus, and creating one to a series of many areoles between costae and pinna margins (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D63247F0BFCD8FDEC" box="[783,895,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63247F0BFCD8FDEC" box="[783,895,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. tetragona</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or veins simple, free or forked in smaller 1-pinnate spp. (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D615A7F2BFE61FDCD" box="[369,454,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abdita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D615A7F2BFE61FDCD" box="[369,454,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. abdita</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61F17F28FDECFDCD" bold="true" box="[474,587,609,630]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">aerophores</emphasis> +absent, rarely tuberculate at pinna bases ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D63CC7F2BFBD9FDCD" box="[999,1150,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lugubriformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63CC7F2BFBD9FDCD" box="[999,1150,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. lugubriformis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D64B87F2BFE2FFD2C" bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">indument abaxially and adaxially</emphasis> +of stipitate or sessile, branched hairs, these furcate (T- or Y-shaped) or stellate ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFDF9B7D645C7FCBFB1CFD2C" box="[1143,1211,642,663]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D645C7FCBFB1CFD2C" bold="true" box="[1143,1211,642,663]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +), hairs occasionally bifurcate or multifurcate, branched hairs sometimes co-occurring with unicellular or pluricellular hyaline acicular hairs typical of other genera, branched hairs most easily observed along the adaxial groove of rachis, but sometimes also present on all axes and laminar tissue adaxially and abaxially, glands generally absent on axes and lamina in most spp. (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D61597E48FE72FCAD" box="[370,469,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="redunca"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61597E48FE72FCAD" box="[370,469,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. redunca</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), scales usually absent, except along costae abaxially in a few South American species; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D60847E68FEA1FC8D" bold="true" box="[175,262,801,822]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">pustules</emphasis> +rarely present (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D61EB7E68FD8AFC8C" box="[448,557,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juruensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61EB7E68FD8AFC8C" box="[448,557,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. juruensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62147E6BFDC0FC8C" bold="true" box="[575,615,802,823]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">sori</emphasis> +round, typically medial, indusiate or exindusiate, discrete, indusia bearing hairs, these either acicular or variously branched ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFDF9B7D629D7E0BFD5DFCEC" box="[694,762,834,855]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D629D7E0BFD5DFCEC" bold="true" box="[694,762,834,855]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Fig. 2F</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63257E0BFCD4FCEC" bold="true" box="[782,883,834,855]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or with setulae (simple or branched); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D60E47E28FEB6FCCD" bold="true" box="[207,273,865,886]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">spores</emphasis> +brown, consistently ornamented with reticulate crests ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D631A7E2BFC7EFCCC" author="Patel" box="[817,985,866,887]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63C17E2BFC52FCCC" box="[1002,1013,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">x</emphasis> += 36, with 25 species counted, diploids and tetraploids, and a single triploid ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D62B97EC8FCAEFC2D" box="[658,777,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliterata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62B97EC8FCAEFC2D" box="[658,777,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. obliterata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) known. No intergeneric hybrids have been reported, but intrageneric hybrids are quite common, especially among the species of the calciphilic Antillean radiation ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D604C7E8BFF44FC6C" author="Smith" box="[103,227,962,983]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Biogeogr." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="255 - 264" part="20" refId="ref114507" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1993 b. Phytogeographic principles and their use in understanding fern relationships. J. Biogeogr. 20: 255 - 264." title="Phytogeographic principles and their use in understanding fern relationships. J" type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Smith 1993b</bibRefCitation> +), where more than a dozen have been reported in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDF9B7D62927E8BFD4BFC6C" box="[697,748,962,983]" name="Cuba" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Cuba</collectingCountry> +alone ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D63047E8BFC12FC6C" author="Sanchez" box="[815,949,962,983]" firstAuthor="Sanchez" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="482 - 503" part="69" refId="ref113773" refString="SANCHEZ, C. 2017. Lista de los helechos y licofitos de Cuba. Brittonia 69: 482 - 503." title="Lista de los helechos y licofitos de Cuba" type="journal article" year="2017">Sánchez 2017</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDF9B7D60BA7EABFD7AFB6C" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDF9B7D60BA7EABFD7AFB6C" blockId="54.[97,1226,161,1783]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D60BA7EABFF55FC4C" box="[145,242,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis> +—The nearly invariable presence of stellate or branched hairs somewhere on the plant, especially along the axes and on stipe base and rhizome scales, is the most diagnostic feature of the genus, readily distinguishing it from all other genera in the family. The paleotropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D620A7968FD3CFB8D" box="[545,667,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D620A7968FD3CFB8D" box="[545,667,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is similar in bearing proliferous buds and stellate hairs (see illustrations in +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D60C4790BFE03FBEC" author="Holttum" box="[239,420,1090,1111]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="195 - 215" part="43" refId="ref110127" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E., U. SEN, & D. MITTRA. 1970. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze. Blumea 43: 195 - 215." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. II. A comparative study of the type-species of Thelypteris Schmidel, Cyclosorus Link, and Ampelopteris Kunze" type="journal article" year="1970">Holttum et al. 1970</bibRefCitation> +), but the hairs are easily abraded, and less conspicuous than in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63C47908FB6FFBEC" box="[1007,1224,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D63C47908FBF9FBED" box="[1007,1118,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Goniopteris</taxonomicName> +. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D644F790BFB6FFBEC" box="[1124,1224,1090,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Meniscium</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +differs in having exindusiate sori that are frequently coalescent, many more pairs of anastomosing veins, usually entire or only serrate pinnae, and often longer-creeping rhizomes. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D62B479C8FCAFFB2D" box="[671,776,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62B479C8FCAFFB2D" box="[671,776,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +often differs in the presence of well-developed aerophores at the pinna (and sometimes costule) bases, and in most cases, a distinct cartilaginous, non-vascularized keel at the bases of the sinuses; it also lacks stellate or furcate hairs. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDF9B7D60BA79A8FF73FA4C" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDF9B7D60BA79A8FF73FA4C" blockId="54.[97,1226,161,1783]" pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D60BA79A8FE22FB4D" box="[145,389,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis> +—Numbering 138 species, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D62A779A8FD5FFB4D" box="[652,760,1249,1270]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62A779A8FD5FFB4D" box="[652,760,1249,1270]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is strictly neotropical, ranging north to Florida, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDF9B7D604A784BFF0DFAAC" box="[97,170,1282,1303]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Mexico</collectingCountry> +, through Mesoamerica and the Antilles, throughout Amazonia, and the foothills of the Andes, south to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDF9B7D64AD784BFB6EFAAC" box="[1158,1225,1282,1303]" name="Bolivia" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Bolivia</collectingCountry> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D60A2786BFF4CFA8C" box="[137,235,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina</taxonomicName> +, and east through +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDF9B7D61B2786BFE74FA8C" box="[409,467,1314,1335]" name="Brazil" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Brazil</collectingCountry> +, the Guianas and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDF9B7D6250786BFD47FA8C" box="[635,736,1314,1335]" name="Venezuela" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Venezuela</collectingCountry> +. They are predominantly plants of lower elevations, ranging to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDF9B7D60E0780BFEB3FAED" box="[203,276,1345,1367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</quantity> +in the Andes ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D618A780BFDB5FAEC" author="Smith" box="[417,530,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana, Bot." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 80" part="29" refId="ref114420" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1992. Pteridophyta of Peru, Part. III, 16. Thelypteridaceae. Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 1 - 80." title="Pteridophyta of Peru, Part. III, 16. Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1992">Smith 1992</bibRefCitation> +), and to +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDF9B7D624E780BFD09FAED" box="[613,686,1345,1367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity> +in the Antilles. They are typically plants of shady forest understories, but a diverse clade of calciphiles, numbering ~30 species, has radiated in the karst regions of the Greater Antilles ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D609378CBFE9AFA2C" author="Fawcett" box="[184,317,1410,1431]" firstAuthor="Fawcett" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern. J." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="183 - 192" part="110" refId="ref108269" refString="FAWCETT, S. 2020. A new species of Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Hispaniola. Amer. Fern. J. 110: 183 - 192." title="A new species of Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Hispaniola" type="journal article" year="2020">Fawcett 2020</bibRefCitation> +). Two serpentine specialists, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D627E78C8FD0BFA2C" box="[597,684,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crypta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D627E78C8FD0BFA2C" box="[597,684,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. crypta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62F078C8FCF7FA2D" box="[731,848,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDF9B7D62F078C8FD49FA2D" box="[731,750,1409,1430]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode> +. brittoniae +</emphasis> +, have likely independently arisen from calciphilic ancestors on +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDF9B7D616D78EBFEDCFA0C" box="[326,379,1442,1463]" name="Cuba" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Cuba</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDF9B7D618678E8FD87FA0C" box="[429,544,1441,1463]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry> +, respectively. As with many members of the family, they respond favorably to disturbance, may become weedy, and may be especially abundant on open roadcuts and in coffee and cacao plantations. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDF9B7C60BA7B4BFCE9FE0C" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDF9B7C60BA7B4BFD0EFF6C" blockId="54.[97,1226,161,1783]" lastBlockId="55.[121,1251,162,503]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="54" pageNumber="44"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D60BA7B4BFE47F9AD" box="[145,480,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +—Historically treated as a subgenus of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D637D7B4BFC1EF9AC" box="[854,953,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D637D7B4BFC1EF9AC" box="[854,953,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Dryopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the circumscription of species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D608B7B68FEABF98D" box="[160,268,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D608B7B68FEABF98D" box="[160,268,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has remained essentially unchanged for more than a century ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D637D7B6BFBA6F98C" author="Christensen" box="[854,1025,1570,1591]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen 1913</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D64237B6BFB9DF98C" author="Christensen" box="[1032,1082,1570,1591]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="3 - 132" part="6" refId="ref107760" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1920. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd., ser. 8, 6: 3 - 132." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation> +). Christensen’s treatment was the first to rely on close observation of microscopic features, and he united the species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D64777B08FB6EF9ED" box="[1116,1225,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D64777B08FB6EF9ED" box="[1116,1225,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +largely on the basis of their striking stellate or branched hairs. Although the hairs have been secondarily lost on rare occasions (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D60DE7BC8FEF9F92C" box="[245,350,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D60DE7BC8FEF9F92C" box="[245,350,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">G. macrotis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), the few taxa without them were still included by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D63637BCBFBA7F92C" author="Christensen" box="[840,1024,1666,1687]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen (1913)</bibRefCitation> +on the basis of other morphological similarities; their placement has now been supported by molecular data (Fawcett et al. in press). +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D604A7B8BFEB2F96C" author="Christensen" box="[97,277,1730,1751]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen (1913</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDF9B7D61357B8BFEE9F96C" author="Christensen" box="[286,334,1730,1751]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd." pageId="54" pageNumber="44" pagination="3 - 132" part="6" refId="ref107760" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1920. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd., ser. 8, 6: 3 - 132." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation> +) divided +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDF9B7D61807B8BFD1DF96D" box="[427,698,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="54" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Goniopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D61807B8BFDA8F96C" box="[427,527,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Dryopteris</emphasis> +subg. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D62657B88FD1DF96D" box="[590,698,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +into two sections— +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D63547B88FBA6F96D" box="[895,1025,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Asterochlaena</emphasis> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDF9B7D64197B8BFB16F96C" box="[1074,1201,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="44">Eugoniopteris</emphasis> +— recognized by apices gradually reduced, or by a conform terminal pinna, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses have shown these subdivisions to be non-monophyletic, and therefore artificial. Necessary combinations have been made for nearly all known members of the genus ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDE9B7C61D17D8BFD38FF6C" author="Salino" box="[506,671,194,215]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salino" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" pagination="11 - 50" part="57" refId="ref113700" refString="SALINO, A., T. E. ALMEIDA, & A. R. SMITH. 2015. New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae. PhytoKeys 57: 11 - 50." title="New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2015">Salino et al. 2015</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C60827DABFC2EFE2C" blockId="55.[121,1251,162,503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +Molecular phylogenetic data support the monophyly of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62EE7DABFC96FF4C" box="[709,817,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62EE7DABFC96FF4C" box="[709,817,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDE9B7C63157DABFC5AFF4C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[830,1021,226,247]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="55" pageNumber="45" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDE9B7C642D7DABFB0BFF4C" author="Patel" box="[1030,1196,226,247]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="55" pageNumber="45" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +), and show strong biogeographical signal, with distinct radiations in the Antilles, the Andes, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDE9B7C63D67C4BFB91FEAC" box="[1021,1078,258,279]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Brazil</collectingCountry> +(Fawcett et al. in press). The genus is in an early-diverging clade of cyclosoroids, and sister to a clade that includes the neotropical genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60527C0BFF7AFEEC" box="[121,221,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60527C0BFF7AFEEC" box="[121,221,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the pantropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61507C08FE79FEED" box="[379,478,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61507C08FE79FEED" box="[379,478,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDE9B7C61C97C0BFE5AFEEC" box="[482,509,322,343]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61C97C0BFE50FEEC" box="[482,503,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +, the African and Southeast Asian +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63107C08FC13FEED" box="[827,948,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63107C08FC13FEED" box="[827,948,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and the Malesian +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64487C08FB46FEED" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1123,1249,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64487C08FB46FEED" box="[1123,1249,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fawcett et al. in press). In contrast, in the less densely-sampled, mostly plastid dataset of +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDE9B7C63EA7C2BFBCAFECC" author="Patel" box="[961,1133,354,375]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="55" pageNumber="45" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C645F7C2BFB47FECC" box="[1140,1248,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C645F7C2BFB47FECC" box="[1140,1248,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is inferred be sister to the aforementioned genera, plus the remaining cyclosoroids. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C608C7CEBFCE9FE0C" blockId="55.[121,1251,162,503]" box="[167,846,418,439]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +Most necessary combinations were made by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDE9B7C62647CEBFCA6FE0C" author="Salino" box="[591,769,418,439]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salino" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" pagination="11 - 50" part="57" refId="ref113700" refString="SALINO, A., T. E. ALMEIDA, & A. R. SMITH. 2015. New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae. PhytoKeys 57: 11 - 50." title="New combinations in neotropical Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2015">Salino et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation> +, except: +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDD9B7E61C37956FE06F98C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDD9B7E61C37956FE06F98C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f1877aaf0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDD9B7E61C37956FE06F98C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ +<document id="7B2EF3D405DC52221F7D968CB736902C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDD9B7E61C37956FE06F98C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Glaphyropteridopsis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="0DD4B0E2A4F3FD33452D5F4EBC8A0ED1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="2E92098EFA48AD6BD6110955086C6812"> +<mods:title id="D6C816BA7933D63850EFFB8CB86CD125">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="16EE013ACBEFAC769A0987FDF8CFC4B7" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="ADCAEA6A5DB1D0BF4DC2C3DBC57B84D5"> +<mods:roleTerm id="617A7BAF20D0A15C60E987DEBD0248EF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7675B0FEFC16F684AD0814AACFEE1B30">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="27271BC0DA82F6D4B14ED438EAB9C7C0" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="0CD36CAFB10FC52983091682553C47B0"> +<mods:roleTerm id="00BE8C8DEE5A0445A2BD74E1666DC0A2">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="1AF2ECBDB02F8FE92D4FBCE357B28970">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="1A17022ECB515652AAD2E0897726A369">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="AE110E1F2A1AF03B8EE96F2EB49CBED7"> +<mods:dateIssued id="D58671A646AE70DA58D68790893730F2">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="BC74CA078DF0EA71239608AC85E23875">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="5060FD3A48724F6E60BA047669058D72"> +<mods:placeTerm id="0CE62F3E3F00AB3E6ACC1C9D78398017">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="59A6520EB091293496737ED5FEDBD989">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFDD9B7E61C37956FE06F98C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076332" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFDD9B7E61C37956FE06F98C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFDD9B7E61C37956FE06F98C" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7F61C37956FCE6FB82" box="[488,833,1055,1081]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F61C37956FCE6FB82" blockId="52.[97,1227,1055,1143]" box="[488,833,1055,1081]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFDD9B7F61C37956FCE6FB82" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[488,833,1055,1081]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" reason="0"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61C37956FCE6FB82" ID-CoL="4NSR" box="[488,833,1055,1081]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61C37956FCE6FB82" bold="true" box="[488,833,1055,1081]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">GLAPHYROPTERIDOPSIS</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7F604A7901FE2EFBCC" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F604A7901FE2EFBCC" blockId="52.[97,1227,1055,1143]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFDD9B7F604A7901FD04FBE6" author="Glaphyropteridopsis Ching" box="[97,675,1096,1117]" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="320" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" score="3.863100345872848" volume="8" year="1963"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F604A7901FD96FBE6" ID-CoL="4NSR" authority="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." authorityName="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." box="[97,561,1096,1117]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F604A7901FE94FBE6" bold="true" box="[97,307,1096,1117]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. +</taxonomicName> +8:320. 1963 +</treatmentCitation> +. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F628D790EFD1AFBE7" box="[678,701,1095,1116]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">—</emphasis> +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFDD9B7F62967903FE22FBCC" author="K. Iwats." journal="Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, ser. B" page="29" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" score="10.725328331126558" volume="31" year="1964"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62967903FF6CFBCC" authority="(Ching) K. Iwats., Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ." baseAuthorityName="Ching" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Glaphyropteridopsis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62967903FCA8FBE0" box="[701,783,1098,1115]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Thelypteris</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63137903FC6BFBE0" box="[824,972,1098,1115]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +(Ching) K. Iwats., Mem. Coll.Sci. Univ. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDD9B7F60E6792CFF5CFBCE" box="[205,251,1125,1141]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Kyoto</collectingRegion> +, ser. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDD9B7F6135792CFE8DFBCE" box="[286,298,1125,1141]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode> +, 31:29.1964 +</treatmentCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7F61A3792FFBB5FBCC" box="[392,1042,1125,1143]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F61A3792FFBB5FBCC" blockId="52.[97,1227,1055,1143]" box="[392,1042,1125,1143]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDD9B7F61B7792CFE1CFBCE" box="[412,443,1125,1141]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDD9B7F61B7792CFE1CFBCE" box="[412,443,1125,1141]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F61EF792CFCBBFBCC" ID-CoL="6KGYK" authority="(Hook.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Hook." box="[452,796,1125,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61EF792CFD0DFBCD" box="[452,682,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens</emphasis> +(Hook.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +[= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F6318792CFBA8FBCC" ID-CoL="4LFD7" authority="Hook." authorityName="Hook." box="[819,1039,1125,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F6318792CFC7DFBCD" box="[819,986,1125,1142]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Polypodium erubescens</emphasis> +Hook. +</taxonomicName> +] +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7F60AA79C2FDC4FB27" box="[129,611,1163,1180]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F60AA79C2FDC4FB27" blockId="52.[129,611,1163,1180]" box="[129,611,1163,1180]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +For additional synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F614A79C2FE62FB27" author="Ching" box="[353,453,1163,1180]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F61C279C2FDF8FB27" author="Holttum" box="[489,607,1163,1180]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7F604A79F8FC19FABC" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7F604A79F8FC19FABC" blockId="52.[97,1226,1201,1799]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F604A79F8FF47FB7D" box="[97,224,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Etymology.—</emphasis> +From +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F613279F8FE03FB7D" box="[281,420,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +(Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61FA79F8FD8EFB7D" box="[465,553,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">glaphyros</emphasis> +, hollow + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62A079FBFD18FB7C" box="[651,703,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">pteris</emphasis> +, fern) + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F632779FBFCE6FB7C" box="[780,833,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">-opsis</emphasis> +, like. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDD9B7F635279FBFC5FFB7C" author="Ching" box="[889,1016,1202,1223]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="52" pageNumber="42" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +alluded to the general similarity in frond size and blade dissection of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62367998FD7FFB5D" box="[541,728,1233,1254]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62367998FD7FFB5D" box="[541,728,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62DE7998FC27FB5D" box="[757,896,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +(= +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F63B6799BFBA1FB5C" box="[925,1030,1234,1255]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63B6799BFBA1FB5C" box="[925,1030,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in our treatment) in the Neotropics. However, these two genera are not closely related, as understood by Ching. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDD9B7E60A4785BFEE9FE8C" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDD9B7E60A4785BFEE9FE8C" blockId="52.[97,1226,1201,1799]" lastBlockId="53.[121,1250,162,1591]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="52" pageNumber="42"> +Plants terrestrial or on (among) rocks, medium-sized to large, 50–150(– +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDD9B7F6311785BFC25FA9C" box="[826,898,1298,1319]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="300.0">300 cm</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63B9785BFC57FA9C" bold="true" box="[914,1008,1298,1319]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">rhizomes</emphasis> +short and thick, sometimes massive, short-creeping or ascending, with sparse, ± glabrous scales at apices; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63A1787BFC6AFAFC" bold="true" box="[906,973,1330,1351]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">fronds</emphasis> +clustered or approximate, monomorphic, arching; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F6160781BFE21FADC" bold="true" box="[331,390,1362,1383]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous to tan, usually stout (2–)4–10+ mm diam., 30–100+ cm long, with sparse brown to tan, ovate, thin appressed scales at bases, with sparse acicular hairs or glabrescent; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63F97838FBB3FA3D" bold="true" box="[978,1044,1393,1414]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">blades</emphasis> +herbaceous, chartaceous or leathery, drying yellowish green to reddish brown, elliptic, with truncate bases (lacking greatly reduced pinnae), pinnate-pinnatifid, lacking pustules or glands, and generally lacking hairs between veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63D978FBFBE0FA7C" bold="true" box="[1010,1095,1458,1479]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">rachises</emphasis> +stramineous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F604A789BFF00FA5C" bold="true" box="[97,167,1490,1511]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">pinnae</emphasis> +sessile, opposite or subopposite, often large (to 50 × +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDD9B7F62A4789BFD1AFA5C" box="[655,701,1490,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity> +in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDD9B7F62F2789BFCF3FA5D" box="[729,852,1489,1511]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62F2789BFCF3FA5D" box="[729,852,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">G. erubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), linear-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid or nearly pinnatisect (incised within 1(–2) mm of costae), lowermost pinnae often narrowed at their bases, deflexed, costae grooved adaxially and sparsely to densely hairy abaxially; segments large, falcate-lanceolate, those at the base of the larger pinnae often somewhat elongate and/or toothed, and reflexed to overlap the rachis; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F63947B78FB97F9FD" bold="true" box="[959,1072,1585,1606]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">aerophores</emphasis> +absent at pinna bases or with only a small darkened patch in dried fronds; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F62B97B1BFCFEF9DC" bold="true" box="[658,857,1618,1639]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of sparse to dense acicular hairs along rachis, costae, costules, and veins, seldom with hairs between veins, glands (both sessile and stipitate) and scales lacking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60A17BDBFEF6F91C" bold="true" box="[138,337,1682,1703]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of usually dense hairs along costal grooves, costules, veins, and tissue between veins usually glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F60957BFBFF54F97C" bold="true" box="[190,243,1714,1735]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">veins</emphasis> +free, pinnate on segments, veinlets simple, to 25 pairs per segment, prominent and reaching margins, proximal pair running alongside transparent membrane below sinus or to sinus, or to margins just above sinus; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F604A7BB8FF1FF8BD" bold="true" box="[97,184,1777,1798]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">pustules</emphasis> +absent on laminar tissue; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDD9B7F61937BBBFE47F8BC" bold="true" box="[440,480,1778,1799]" pageId="52" pageNumber="42">sori</emphasis> +orbicular, exindusiate or with small indusia, these glabrous or with acicular hairs, subcostular and attached at bases of veinlets in a row on each side, close to or overlapping costules at maturity, usually confluent into a line when mature; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E623E7D8BFDDDFF6C" bold="true" box="[533,634,194,215]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">sporangia</emphasis> +glabrous or with hyaline setulae near annulus, these sometimes numerous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60CF7DA8FE81FF4D" bold="true" box="[228,294,225,246]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">spores</emphasis> +brown, elliptic, bilateral, irregularly reticulate-echinate, with perforations ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E63DB7DABFB7CFF4C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[1008,1243,226,247]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation> +) or with small tubercules on surfaces; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E61CB7C4BFE4CFEAC" box="[480,491,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">x</emphasis> += 36. Two species counted, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62DC7C4BFCD1FEAD" box="[759,886,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62DC7C4BFCD1FEAD" box="[759,886,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. erubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, both diploids and tetraploids, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E64E07C4BFF5EFE8D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufostraminea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E64E07C4BFF5EFE8D" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. rufostraminea</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, diploid. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E60827C0BFBC7FC8C" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E60827C0BFBC7FC8C" blockId="53.[121,1250,162,1591]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60827C0BFE7BFEED" box="[169,476,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E610A7C08FE7BFEED" box="[289,476,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Glaphyropteridopsis</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +resembles +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E626C7C08FD37FEED" box="[583,656,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E626C7C08FD37FEED" box="[583,656,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in frond +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62C37C0BFCE7FEEC" box="[744,832,322,343]" form="and" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName> +size, the truncate blade bases, and position of the sori, but the veins of the former are always free (vs. anastomosing below sinuses, except in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E64007C2BFBDEFECC" box="[1067,1145,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pricei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E64007C2BFBDEFECC" box="[1067,1145,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">C. pricei</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). Scales of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60527CC8FF65FE2D" box="[121,194,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60527CC8FF65FE2D" box="[121,194,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are bristly, numerous, and spreading (vs. appressed, tan, ovate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E636D7CC8FBA7FE2D" box="[838,1024,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E636D7CC8FBA7FE2D" box="[838,1024,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), and spores are sometimes reticulate and perforate (vs. echinate) ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E620B7CEBFD0FFE0C" author="Holttum" box="[544,680,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E629B7CEBFD45FE0C" author="Holttum" box="[688,738,418,439]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +). All species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63597CE8FB8AFE0D" box="[882,1069,417,438]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63597CE8FB8AFE0D" box="[882,1069,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E645E7CEBFF14FE6C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jinfushanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E645E7CEBFF14FE6C" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. jinfushanensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have subcostular sori, a character that sets it apart from most other thelypterid species and genera, except for some species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E61207CA8FEF3FE4D" box="[267,340,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E61207CA8FEF3FE4D" box="[267,340,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; however,this tendency for the sori to overlap the costules is most extreme in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E640B7CA8FB7DFE4D" box="[1056,1242,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E640B7CA8FB7DFE4D" box="[1056,1242,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Another strong synapomorphy of the genus is the tendency to have strictly opposite or at least subopposite pinnae. This feature applies not only to the proximal pinnae but also to distal pinnae and is rather striking compared to the generally alternate pinnae (at least in the middle and distal parts of the blade) in most cyclosoroid genera. Species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60527F28FE93FDCD" box="[121,308,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60527F28FE93FDCD" box="[121,308,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also resemble some neotropical +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62447F28FCB0FDCC" box="[623,791,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62447F28FD4DFDCD" box="[623,746,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +spp. +</taxonomicName> +, just outside the large clade containing the former, but +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60FA7FC8FEEAFD2D" box="[209,333,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60FA7FC8FEEAFD2D" box="[209,333,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has medial sori, more substantial indusia, more lanceolate, spreading, hairy stipe base scales, alternate pinnae above the blade base, and cristate or echinulate spores, rather than the reticulate spores of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60527F88FDA5FD6C" authority="(Patel et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Patel" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[121,514,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60527F88FE9AFD6D" box="[121,317,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E61617F8BFE5CFD6C" author="Patel" box="[330,507,706,727]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. The superficial resemblance of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63617F88FBA9FD6D" box="[842,1038,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63617F88FBA9FD6D" box="[842,1038,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to certain species of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60527FA8FF45FD4D" box="[121,226,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60527FA8FF45FD4D" box="[121,226,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(the subgroup +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E615E7FA8FE59FD4D" box="[373,510,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteris</emphasis> +), particularly +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62AC7FA8FD50FD4D" box="[647,759,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decussata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62AC7FA8FD50FD4D" box="[647,759,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">S. decussata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and allies ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E634E7FABFC7FFD4C" author="Smith" box="[869,984,738,759]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 38" part="76" refId="ref114270" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1980. Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 76: 1 - 38." title="Taxonomy of Thelypteris subgenus Steiropteris, including Glaphyropteris (Pteridophyta)" type="journal article" year="1980"> +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFDC9B7E634E7FABFC07FD4C" box="[869,928,738,759]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Smith</collectingRegion> +1980 +</bibRefCitation> +), is not indicative of a close phylogenetic relationship; that species and relatives differ in having pronounced elongate aerophores, mucilaginous croziers, non-falcate segments with rounded apices, resinous laminar glands, and broadly winged spores. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E60827E08FB23FC4C" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E60827E08FB23FC4C" blockId="53.[121,1250,162,1591]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60827E08FDD7FCED" box="[169,624,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E619F7E08FDD7FCED" box="[436,624,833,854]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Glaphyropteridopsis</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is centered in, and nearly restricted to, South +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E641A7E0BFBC8FCEC" box="[1073,1135,834,855]" name="China" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry> +, with all 11 known species occurring there, ten of them endemic, and several known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDC9B7E63E37E2BFC5AFCCC" box="[968,1021,866,887]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus> +or very few collections. The only species ranging outside of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E61FF7ECBFDB7FC2C" box="[468,528,898,919]" name="China" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry> +is the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDC9B7E627A7ECBFDD9FC2C" box="[593,638,898,919]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62AC7EC8FCA1FC2D" box="[647,774,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62AC7EC8FCA1FC2D" box="[647,774,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. erubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, whose distribution extends into northern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E64837ECBFB7AFC2C" box="[1192,1245,898,919]" name="India" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">India</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E60527EEBFF13FC0C" box="[121,180,930,951]" name="Nepal" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Nepal</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E60977EEBFEA3FC0C" box="[188,260,930,951]" name="Bhutan" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Bhutan</collectingCountry> +, northern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E61437EEBFE60FC0C" box="[360,455,930,951]" name="Myanmar" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Myanmar</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E61E47EEBFD83FC0C" box="[463,548,930,951]" name="Vietnam" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Vietnam</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E62067EEBFDD1FC0C" box="[557,630,930,951]" name="Taiwan" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Taiwan</collectingCountry> +, and in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E62EB7EEBFCADFC0C" box="[704,778,930,951]" name="Malaysia" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Malesia</collectingCountry> +only in the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E63507EEBFC4CFC0C" box="[891,1003,930,951]" name="Philippines" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Philippines</collectingCountry> +. The genus is absent from the rest of +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDC9B7E60F67E8BFE8EFC6C" box="[221,297,962,983]" name="Malaysia" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, Melanesia, and Polynesia, as well as Australasia and Africa and the New World. Species occur from +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFDC9B7E60527EABFF51FC4C" box="[121,246,994,1015]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="600.0">600–2000 m</quantity> +. They typically occur in forests or at forest margins, along streams, on rocks, or along roadsides. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E6082794BFDD7FA0C" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E6082794BFBC4FB4C" blockId="53.[121,1250,162,1591]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E6082794BFE4FFBAD" box="[169,488,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Taxonomic and phylogenetic study.</emphasis> +—Datasets based primarily on cpDNA sequences ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E63E3794BFBDFFBAC" author="He & Zhang" box="[968,1144,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E64AB794BFF14FB8C" author="Patel" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation> +) and coalescent nuclear phylogenomic analyses (Fawcett et al. in press) infer +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E638D7968FBC6FB8D" box="[934,1121,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E638D7968FBC6FB8D" box="[934,1121,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as sister to a large clade of strictly paleotropical cyclosoroids—including +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62877908FC90FBED" box="[684,823,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62877908FC90FBED" box="[684,823,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E636B7908FC2EFBED" box="[832,905,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E636B7908FC2EFBED" box="[832,905,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63B97908FC4BFBED" box="[914,1004,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63B97908FC4BFBED" box="[914,1004,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63DE7908FBFAFBED" box="[1013,1117,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63DE7908FBFAFBED" box="[1013,1117,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E644C790BFB7CFBEC" box="[1127,1243,1090,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E644C790BFB7CFBEC" box="[1127,1243,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60527928FF53FBCD" box="[121,244,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60527928FF53FBCD" box="[121,244,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E6129792BFE3DFBCC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[258,410,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E6129792BFE3DFBCC" box="[258,410,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E61837928FD81FBCD" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[424,550,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E61837928FD81FBCD" box="[424,550,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E621F7928FD7BFBCD" box="[564,732,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E621F7928FD7BFBCD" box="[564,732,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62C27928FCF9FBCD" box="[745,862,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62C27928FCF9FBCD" box="[745,862,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63B17928FBE0FBCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[922,1095,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63B17928FBE0FBCD" box="[922,1095,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but excluding +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E605279C8FF7BFB2D" box="[121,220,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E605279C8FF7BFB2D" box="[121,220,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDC9B7E60CB79CBFF5CFB2C" box="[224,251,1154,1175]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60CB79CBFF52FB2C" box="[224,245,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +and also excluding all neotropical cyclosoroid genera, except +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E636B79C8FC06FB2D" box="[832,929,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E636B79C8FC39FB2D" box="[832,926,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Christella</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +However, a concatenated analysis of the same nuclear dataset (Fawcett et al. in press) places +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E628D79E8FCC6FB0D" box="[678,865,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E628D79E8FCC6FB0D" box="[678,865,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +within the chingioid subclade ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E64B979E8FB7CFB0D" box="[1170,1243,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E64B979E8FB7CFB0D" box="[1170,1243,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60527988FF44FB6D" box="[121,227,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60527988FF44FB6D" box="[121,227,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60C4798BFEC3FB6C" box="[239,356,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60C4798BFEC3FB6C" box="[239,356,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E61B77988FDBEFB6D" box="[412,537,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E61B77988FDB4FB6D" box="[412,531,1217,1238]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName> +; +</emphasis> +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFDC9B7E6234798BFDF2FB6C" box="[543,597,1218,1239]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1</figureCitation> +). Low or conflicting support along backbone nodes in plastid and nuclear analyses suggest that the precise phylogenetic position of this lineage be interpreted with caution. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E6082784BFB32FACC" blockId="53.[121,1250,162,1591]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E6082784BFF7AFAAC" box="[169,221,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Notes</emphasis> +.— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E60D2784BFEDAFAAC" author="Ching" box="[249,381,1282,1303]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +, when describing the genus, surmised that his +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63657848FC63FAAC" box="[846,964,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eriocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63657848FC63FAAC" box="[846,964,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. eriocarpa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63DD7848FBCAFAAD" box="[1014,1133,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="splendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63DD7848FBCAFAAD" box="[1014,1133,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. splendens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +could be of hybrid origin, since they were rare and came from the same locality as +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63387868FC35FA8D" box="[787,914,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63387868FC35FA8D" box="[787,914,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. erubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63947868FBC7FA8D" box="[959,1120,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63947868FBFAFA8D" box="[959,1117,1313,1334]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufostraminea">G. rufostraminea</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +This hypothesis has not been tested. +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E6148780BFD84FAEC" author="Shieh & Tsai" box="[355,547,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Shieh" journalOrPublisher="J. Sci. Engin. (Natl. Chung-Hsing Univ.)" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 12" part="24" refId="ref114027" refString="SHIEH, W. C. & J. L. TSAI. 1987. Three natural hybrids of the Thelypteridaceae in Taiwan. J. Sci. Engin. (Natl. Chung-Hsing Univ.) 24: 1 - 12." title="Three natural hybrids of the Thelypteridaceae in Taiwan" type="journal article" year="1987">Shieh & Tsai (1987)</bibRefCitation> +described +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62A17808FC29FAED" box="[650,910,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubesquirolica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62A17808FD55FAED" box="[650,754,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Thelypteris</emphasis> +× +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63297808FC29FAED" box="[770,910,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">erubesquirolica</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which they believed to be a hybrid between +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60E57828FE56FACD" box="[206,497,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60E57828FE56FACD" box="[206,497,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62357828FCB2FACD" box="[542,789,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esquirolii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62357828FCB2FACD" box="[542,789,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Pseudocyclosorus esquirolii</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. This hypothesis needs re-examination. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E608278CBFDD7FA0C" blockId="53.[121,1250,162,1591]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +About half of the known species are illustrated by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E62B578CBFCA0FA2C" author="Lin" box="[670,775,1410,1431]" editor="Shing, K." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China. Pp" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 317" refId="ref111203" refString="LIN, Y. X. 1999. Thelypteridaceae. In Shing, K., ed., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing, China. Pp. 113 - 317." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae" year="1999">Lin (1999)</bibRefCitation> +. All necessary combinations have been made in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E605278E8FE94FA0D" box="[121,307,1441,1462]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E605278E8FE94FA0D" box="[121,307,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E617278EBFE7EFA0C" author="Ching" box="[345,473,1442,1463]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDC9B7E622D78EBFDCBFA0C" author="Lin" box="[518,620,1442,1463]" editor="Shing, K." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China. Pp" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" pagination="113 - 317" refId="ref111203" refString="LIN, Y. X. 1999. Thelypteridaceae. In Shing, K., ed., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing, China. Pp. 113 - 317." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae" year="1999">Lin (1999)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDC9B7E60827888FE06F98C" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" type="taxon_list"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDC9B7E60827888FE06F98C" blockId="53.[121,1250,162,1591]" pageId="53" pageNumber="43"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60827888FEFFFA6C" box="[169,344,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Constituent species</emphasis> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E615D7888FD42FA6C" authority="Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[374,741,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emeiensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E615D7888FD28FA6C" box="[374,655,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">Glaphyropteridopsis emeiensis</emphasis> +Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62C57888FC01FA6C" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[750,934,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eriocarpa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62C57888FCC4FA6C" box="[750,867,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. eriocarpa</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E639B7888FC1DFA6D" box="[944,954,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">*</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63917888FF10FA4C" authority="(Wall. ex Hook.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63917888FB9DFA6D" box="[954,1082,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. erubescens</emphasis> +(Wall. ex Hook.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E60EB78A8FDFBFA4C" authority="Ching & W. M. Chu ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[192,604,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E60EB78A8FE8FFA4D" box="[192,296,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. glabrata</emphasis> +Ching & W.M. Chu ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E624E78A8FC13FA4C" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[613,948,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jinfushanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E624E78A8FCA4FA4D" box="[613,771,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. jinfushanensis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E639578A8FB66FA4C" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[958,1217,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E639578A8FBA8FA4D" box="[958,1039,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. mollis</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E64E078A8FED4F9AC" authority="Ching ex Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E64E078A8FF1DF9AD" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. pallida</emphasis> +Ching ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E61A37B48FD66F9AC" authority="(Christ) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[392,705,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufostraminea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E61A37B48FD80F9AD" box="[392,551,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. rufostraminea</emphasis> +(Christ) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E62E77B48FC11F9AC" authority="Y. X. Lin" authorityName="Y. X. Lin" box="[716,950,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sichuanensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E62E77B48FCF9F9AD" box="[716,862,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. sichuanensis</emphasis> +Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E63EA7B48FBD9F9AC" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[961,1150,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="splendens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E63EA7B48FB9FF9AD" box="[961,1080,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. splendens</emphasis> +Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDC9B7E64A37B48FE06F98C" authority="Ching & W. M. Chu ex Y. X. Lin" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDC9B7E64A37B48FB46F9AD" box="[1160,1249,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="43">G. villosa</emphasis> +Ching & W.M. Chu ex Y.X. Lin +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7360527EEBFDFFFCEC.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7360527EEBFDFFFCEC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f5e8dbd8f9b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7360527EEBFDFFFCEC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,749 @@ +<document id="1C9DDCB576571C7DE099118EEEA10CD7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDE9B7360527EEBFDFFFCEC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Goniopteris abdita Salino & T. E. 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E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" box="[334,826,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abdita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61657EEBFE5DFC0D" box="[334,506,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris abdita</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63667EEBFBF0FC0C" authority="(Desv.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[845,1111,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abrupta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63667EEBFC15FC0D" box="[845,946,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. abrupta</emphasis> +(Desv.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64747EEBFB79FC0C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[1119,1246,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64747EEBFB13FC0D" box="[1119,1204,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. affinis</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60A87E8BFD21FC6C" authority="(L. D. Gomez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Gomez" box="[131,646,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alan-smithiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60A87E8BFE8FFC6D" box="[131,296,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. alan-smithiana</emphasis> +(L.D. Gómez) Salino & T.E.Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62B37E8BFD47FC6D" box="[664,736,961,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62B37E8BFD47FC6D" box="[664,736,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G.alata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Ching; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63777E8BFEBEFC4C" authority="(Salino & R. S. Fern.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino & R. S. Fern." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63777E8BFC7EFC6C" box="[860,985,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G.amazonica</emphasis> +(Salino & R.S. Fern.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61047EABFCB9FC4C" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[303,798,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ancyriothrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61047EABFE63FC4D" box="[303,452,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. ancyriothrix</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63027EABFF6BFBAC" authority="(Kunze ex Kuhn) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Kuhn" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anoptera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63027EABFC3DFC4C" box="[809,922,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. anoptera</emphasis> +(Kunze ex Kuhn) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60FF794BFEDDFBAC" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[212,378,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asterothrix"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60FF794BFEF5FBAD" box="[212,338,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. asterothrix</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61A9794BFC86FBAC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[386,801,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureola"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61A9794BFE46FBAD" box="[386,481,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. aureola</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6319794BFB86FBAC" authority="S. E. Fawc." authorityName="S. E. Fawc." box="[818,1057,1025,1047]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baorucensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6319794BFC1EFBAD" box="[818,953,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. baorucensis</emphasis> +S.E. Fawc. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6419794BFDFFFB8C" authority="(F. B. 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Sm." box="[608,1026,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="berlinii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C624B796BFD1BFB8D" box="[608,700,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. berlinii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6421796BFEEDFBEC" authority="(Baker) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bermudiana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6421796BFB32FB8D" box="[1034,1173,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. bermudiana</emphasis> +(Baker) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6170790BFCBFFBEC" authority="(Jenman) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Jenman" box="[347,792,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bibrachiata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6170790BFE7AFBED" box="[347,477,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. bibrachiata</emphasis> +(Jenman) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6301790BFB79FBEC" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[810,1246,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biformata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6301790BFC3AFBED" box="[810,925,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G.biformata</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60A8792BFE3FFBCC" authority="(Christ) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[131,408,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biolleyi"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60A8792BFF45FBCD" box="[131,226,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. biolleyi</emphasis> +(Christ) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6181792BFCBBFBCC" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[426,796,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blanda"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6181792BFDA3FBCD" box="[426,516,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. blanda</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6304792BFC60FBCC" authority="Salino" authorityName="Salino" box="[815,967,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bradei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6304792BFC23FBCD" box="[815,900,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. bradei</emphasis> +Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63F0792BFBF7FBCD" box="[987,1104,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C63F0792BFC49FBCC" box="[987,1006,1122,1143]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode> +. brittoniae +</emphasis> +(Sloss.) Ching; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60A879CBFEE4FB2C" authority="Abbiatti" authorityName="Abbiatti" box="[131,323,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burkartii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60A879CBFF57FB2D" box="[131,240,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. burkartii</emphasis> +Abbiatti +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C616179CBFCA1FB2C" authority="(L. D. Gomez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Gomez" box="[330,774,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calypso"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C616179CBFE00FB2D" box="[330,423,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G.calypso</emphasis> +(L.D. Gómez) Salino & T.E.Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C632679CBFF6BFB0C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chocoensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C632679CBFC20FB2D" box="[781,903,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. chocoensis</emphasis> +(A.R.Sm.& Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60FF79EBFCA4FB0C" authority="(Maxon & C. V. Morton) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. V. Morton" box="[212,771,1185,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clypeata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60FF79EBFE9CFB0D" box="[212,315,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. clypeata</emphasis> +(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C633E79EBFB2EFB0C" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[789,1161,1185,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C633E79EBFCD2FB0D" box="[789,885,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. cordata</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64BB79EBFE39FB6C" authority="Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64BB79EBFF67FB6C" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. costaricensis</emphasis> +Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C618D798BFC77FB6C" authority="(Caluff & C. Sanchez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Caluff & C. Sanchez" box="[422,976,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipila"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C618D798BFDBFFB6D" box="[422,536,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. crassipila</emphasis> +(Caluff & C. Sánchez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63C9798BFEB7FB4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="croatii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63C9798BFB9EFB6C" box="[994,1081,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. croatii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C613C79ABFDDFFB4C" authority="(Underw. & Maxon) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Underw. & Maxon" box="[279,632,1250,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crypta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C613C79ABFEC9FB4C" box="[279,366,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. crypta</emphasis> +(Underw. & Maxon) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62A779ABFBB9FB4C" authority="(Kunze) de Jonch. & U. Sen" authorityName="de Jonch. & U. 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Brade +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60E3784BFE6BFAAC" authority="(Christ) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[200,460,1282,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60E3784BFEB0FAAC" box="[200,279,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. curta</emphasis> +(Christ) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61FD784BFDC3FAAC" box="[470,612,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C61FD784BFE4EFAAC" box="[470,489,1282,1303]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode> +. cutaitaensis +</emphasis> +(Brade) Brade; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62D5784BFF6BFA8C" authority="(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dissimulans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62D5784BFC2DFAAD" box="[766,906,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. dissimulans</emphasis> +(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60F4786BFE41FA8C" authority="(Hieron.) Alston" authorityName="Alston" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[223,486,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eggersii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60F4786BFEE6FA8C" box="[223,321,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. eggersii</emphasis> +(Hieron.) Alston +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61C5786BFC2EFA8C" authority="(Christ) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. 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Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6120780BFE53FAEC" authority="(E. Fourn.)" baseAuthorityName="E. Fourn." box="[267,500,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="francoana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6120780BFE23FAED" box="[267,388,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. francoana</emphasis> +(E. Fourn.) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C61D2780BFDACFAEC" box="[505,523,1346,1367]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +. LÖve & D. LÖve; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62E9780BFBD5FAEC" authority="(Mett. ex Kuhn) Salino & A. R. Sm." authorityName="Salino & A. R. 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Sm. & Y.Y. Piña +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C6230782BFCC4FACC" authority="(Hieron.) Vareschi" authorityName="Vareschi" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." box="[539,867,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gemmulifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6230782BFD0EFACD" box="[539,681,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. gemmulifera</emphasis> +(Hieron.) Vareschi +</taxonomicName> +; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C6340782BFC4BFACD" box="[875,1004,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C6340782BFCD9FACC" box="[875,894,1378,1399]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode> +. glochidiata +</emphasis> +(Mett. ex +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C647B782BFBC4FACC" box="[1104,1123,1378,1399]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Chr.) Brade; ** +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60A578CBFE26FA2C" authority="(C. Chr.) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="C. 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Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C634878CBFC4AFA2C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[867,1005,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C634878CBFC64FA2D" box="[867,963,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. hastata</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C642A78CBFB62FA2C" authority="(A. R. Sm.)" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[1025,1221,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hatchii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C642A78CBFBFBFA2D" box="[1025,1116,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. hatchii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C64E078CBFB79FA2C" box="[1227,1246,1410,1431]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +. LÖve & D. LÖve; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C610278E8FD18FA0C" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" box="[297,703,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hildae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C610278E8FEDAFA0D" box="[297,381,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. hildae</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62F878E8FB65FA0C" authority="(K. U. Kramer) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="K. U. Kramer" box="[723,1218,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="holodictya"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62F878E8FCE9FA0D" box="[723,846,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. holodictya</emphasis> +(K.U. Kramer) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64E078E8FDF1FA6C" authority="(L. D. Gomez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Gomez" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64E078E8FF4FFA6D" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. hondurensis</emphasis> +(L.D. Gómez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62747888FCD0FA6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[607,887,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iguapensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62747888FD7BFA6C" box="[607,732,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. iguapensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63A77888FBFDFA6C" authority="(Liebm.)" baseAuthorityName="Liebm." box="[908,1114,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63A77888FBA7FA6D" box="[908,1024,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. imbricata</emphasis> +(Liebm.) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C644B788BFBD5FA6C" box="[1120,1138,1474,1495]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +. LÖve & D. LÖve; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C609578A8FDFDFA4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[190,602,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imitata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C609578A8FEBCFA4C" box="[190,283,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. imitata</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C624878A8FBAEFA4C" authority="(Salino) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino" box="[611,1033,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indusiata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C624878A8FD72FA4D" box="[611,725,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. indusiata</emphasis> +(Salino) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C643778A8FEF3F9AC" authority="(Hook.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamesonii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C643778A8FB37FA4C" box="[1052,1168,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. jamesonii</emphasis> +(Hook.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61777B48FBA4F9AC" authority="(Maxon ex Caluff & C. Sanchez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Caluff & C. Sanchez" box="[348,1027,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jarucoensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61777B48FE47F9AC" box="[348,480,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. jarucoensis</emphasis> +(Maxon ex Caluff & C. Sánchez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C643D7B48FF15F98C" authority="(C. Chr.) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juruensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C643D7B48FB21F9AC" box="[1046,1158,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. juruensis</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60977B68FD7AF98C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & Lellinger" box="[188,733,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="killipii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60977B68FEB3F98D" box="[188,276,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. killipii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & Lellinger) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62D97B68FCDFF98D" box="[754,888,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C62D97B68FCA2F98D" box="[754,773,1569,1590]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode> +. kuhlmannii +</emphasis> +(Brade) Brade; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C643B7B68FD82F9EC" authority="(Maxon ex Caluff & C. Sanchez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Caluff & C. Sanchez" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leonina"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C643B7B68FBD7F98D" box="[1040,1136,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. leonina</emphasis> +(Maxon ex Caluff & C. Sánchez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62137B08FD46F9EC" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[568,737,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptocladia"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62137B08FD1FF9ED" box="[568,696,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. leptocladia</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62DF7B08FB2CF9EC" authority="(E. Fourn.) Salino & T. E. 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Morton" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="liebmannii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64B67B08FF1DF9CC" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. liebmannii</emphasis> +(Maxon & C.V. Morton) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62B77B28FB92F9CC" authority="(Salino) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino" box="[668,1077,1633,1655]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littoralis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62B77B28FCA3F9CD" box="[668,772,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. littoralis</emphasis> +(Salino) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64637B28FE12F92C" authority="(Rosenst.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lugubriformis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64637B28FB47F9CD" box="[1096,1248,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. lugubriformis</emphasis> +(Rosenst.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61EC7BC8FD08F92C" authority="(Mett.) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[455,687,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lugubris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61EC7BC8FD8BF92D" box="[455,556,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G.lugubris</emphasis> +(Mett.) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62EA7BC8FC60F92C" authority="(Blume) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[705,967,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macropus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62EA7BC8FC92F92C" box="[705,821,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. macropus</emphasis> +(Blume) Ching +</taxonomicName> +(as “macropoda”); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64AE7BC8FEE3F90C" authority="(Hook.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64AE7BC8FF28F90C" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. macrotis</emphasis> +(Hook.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61667BE8FCB3F90C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[333,788,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martinezii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61667BE8FE6FF90C" box="[333,456,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. martinezii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63367BE8FBF1F90C" authority="(Schkuhr) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Schkuhr" box="[797,1110,1697,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalodus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63367BE8FC3DF90D" box="[797,922,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. megalodus</emphasis> +(Schkuhr) C. Presl +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64417BE8FE2FF96C" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64417BE8FB1AF90C" box="[1130,1213,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. minor</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61BB7B88FC69F96C" authority="(Caluff & C. Sanchez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Caluff & C. Sanchez" box="[400,974,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61BB7B88FDBDF96C" box="[400,538,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. minutissima</emphasis> +(Caluff & C. Sánchez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63CA7B88FBFCF96C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[993,1115,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63CA7B88FB95F96D" box="[993,1074,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. mollis</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64467B88FEB7F94C" authority="(C. Presl) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monosora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64467B88FB46F96C" box="[1133,1249,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. monosora</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61337BA8FD17F94C" authority="(Salino) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino" box="[280,688,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61337BA8FE23F94C" box="[280,388,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. montana</emphasis> +(Salino) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C62E97BA8FC33F94C" authority="C. Sanchez" authorityName="C. Sanchez" box="[706,916,1761,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moranii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62E97BA8FC83F94C" box="[706,804,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. moranii</emphasis> +C. Sánchez +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B73638C7BA8FF5DFF0C" authority="(Salino) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="46" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multigemmifera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C638C7BA8FBF6F94D" box="[935,1105,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">G. multigemmifera</emphasis> +(Salino) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73612A7DEBFD0BFF0C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[257,684,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="munchii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73612A7DEBFEC1FF0D" box="[257,358,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. munchii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362957DEBFBB9FF0C" authority="(Klotzsch) Vareschi" authorityName="Vareschi" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" box="[702,1054,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nephrodioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362957DEBFCFFFF0D" box="[702,856,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. nephrodioides</emphasis> +(Klotzsch) Vareschi +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73641B7DEBFE01FF6C" authority="(E. Fourn.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="E. Fourn." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73641B7DEBFB6EFF0C" box="[1072,1225,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. nicaraguensis</emphasis> +(E. Fourn.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361937D8BFC19FF6C" authority="(Ekman & C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Ekman & C. Chr." box="[440,958,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361937D8BFD81FF6C" box="[440,550,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. nigricans</emphasis> +(Ekman & C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363FB7D8BFB61FF6C" authority="(Sw.) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[976,1222,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliterata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363FB7D8BFBE5FF6D" box="[976,1090,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. obliterata</emphasis> +(Sw.) C. Presl +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7360477DABFDFAFF4C" authority="(L. D. Gomez) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Gomez" box="[108,605,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oroniensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360477DABFF40FF4C" box="[108,231,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. oroniensis</emphasis> +(L.D. Gómez) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362597DABFB9CFF4C" authority="(Salino) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino" box="[626,1083,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paranaensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362597DABFCA7FF4C" box="[626,768,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. paranaensis</emphasis> +(Salino) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364797DABFEB9FEAC" authority="(Klotzsch) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paucijuga"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364797DABFB6FFF4C" box="[1106,1224,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. paucijuga</emphasis> +(Klotzsch) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361047C4BFCB6FEAC" authority="(Donn. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Donn. Sm." box="[303,785,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paucipinnata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361047C4BFE65FEAC" box="[303,450,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. paucipinnata</emphasis> +(Donn.Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363337C4BFBB4FEAC" authority="(Willd.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[792,1043,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellita"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363337C4BFCCCFEAD" box="[792,875,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. pellita</emphasis> +(Willd.) A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73640E7C4BFF67FE8C" authority="(Poir.) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Poir." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73640E7C4BFB2EFEAC" box="[1061,1161,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. pennata</emphasis> +(Poir.) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7360ED7C6BFDFEFE8C" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[198,601,290,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peripae"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360ED7C6BFE81FE8C" box="[198,294,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. peripae</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73624A7C6BFB07FE8C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[609,1184,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilonensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73624A7C6BFD70FE8D" box="[609,727,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. pilonensis</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364987C6BFDB0FEEC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifida"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364987C6BFF60FEED" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. pinnatifida</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362077C0BFD67FEEC" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[556,704,321,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platypes"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362077C0BFD32FEED" box="[556,661,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. platypes</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362FF7C0BFC6FFEEC" authority="(Bory) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Bory" box="[724,968,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poiteana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362FF7C0BFCE6FEEC" box="[724,833,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. poiteana</emphasis> +(Bory) Ching +</taxonomicName> +* +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363F27C0BFE9CFECC" authority="(Maxon) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363F27C0BFBCAFEEC" box="[985,1133,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. praetermissa</emphasis> +(Maxon) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361687C2BFE55FECC" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[323,498,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361687C2BFE6EFECD" box="[323,457,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. pyramidata</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361D07C2BFC01FECC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[507,934,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="redunca"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361D07C2BFDF8FECD" box="[507,607,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. redunca</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363857C2BFEA3FE2C" authority="(Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="Fisch. & C. A. Mey." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="refracta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363857C2BFBC0FECD" box="[942,1127,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Goniopteris refracta</emphasis> +(Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73613C7CCBFD9EFE2C" authority="(J. F. Gmel.) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="J. F. Gmel." box="[279,569,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reptans"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73613C7CCBFED1FE2C" box="[279,374,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. reptans</emphasis> +(J.F. Gmel.) C. Presl +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD19B73626D7CCBFD2EFE2C" box="[582,649,386,407]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73626D7CCBFD2EFE2C" bold="true" box="[582,649,386,407]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2F</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +); * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73628C7CCBFBE4FE2C" authority="(Maxon) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon" box="[679,1091,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resiliens"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73628C7CCBFCABFE2D" box="[679,780,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. resiliens</emphasis> +(Maxon) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73647D7CCBFB6EFE2D" box="[1110,1225,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retroflexa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73647D7CCBFB6EFE2D" box="[1110,1225,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. retroflexa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) Salino & +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD19B7360C27CEBFF5EFE0C" box="[233,249,418,439]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">T</collectionCode> +. +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD19B7360D77CEBFEABFE0C" box="[252,268,418,439]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode> +. Almeida; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361547CEBFCECFE0C" authority="(Riba) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Riba" box="[383,843,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhachiflexuosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361547CEBFD85FE0D" box="[383,546,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. rhachiflexuosa</emphasis> +(Riba) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73634B7CEBFB39FE0C" authority="(Lindm.) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Lindm." box="[864,1182,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riograndensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73634B7CEBFC5CFE0D" box="[864,1019,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. riograndensis</emphasis> +(Lindm.) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364987CEBFEC3FE6C" authority="(C. Chr.) A. R. Sm." authorityName="A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="C. 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Moura +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363E57C8BFE17FE4C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sapechoana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363E57C8BFBF5FE6D" box="[974,1106,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. sapechoana</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361E87CABFD1DFE4C" authority="(C. Presl) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" box="[451,698,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361E87CABFDBDFE4D" box="[451,538,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. scabra</emphasis> +(C. Presl) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362E57CABFBF9FE4C" authority="(Fee) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[718,1118,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schaffneri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362E57CABFCE3FE4D" box="[718,836,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. schaffneri</emphasis> +(Fée) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73644C7CABFE35FDAC" authority="(Weath.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Weath." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schippii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73644C7CABFB6EFE4D" box="[1127,1225,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. schippii</emphasis> +(Weath.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361B27F4BFCC9FDAC" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[409,878,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361B27F4BFD89FDAD" box="[409,558,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. schomburgkii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73635E7F4BFF12FD8C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schunkei"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73635E7F4BFC78FDAD" box="[885,991,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. schunkei</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7360E17F6BFE5AFD8C" authority="(C. Chr.) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[202,509,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schwackeana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360E17F6BFEC7FD8D" box="[202,352,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. schwackeana</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362397F6BFC10FD8C" authority="(Poepp. ex Spreng.) Wherry" authorityName="Wherry" baseAuthorityName="Spreng." box="[530,951,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sclerophylla"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362397F6BFD3BFD8D" box="[530,668,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. sclerophylla</emphasis> +(Poepp. ex Spreng.) Wherry +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363E07F6BFB25FD8D" box="[971,1154,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scolopendrioides"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363E07F6BFB25FD8D" box="[971,1154,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. scolopendrioides</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(L.) +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD19B7364997F6BFB60FD8C" box="[1202,1223,546,567]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. Presl; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7360B57F0BFEE0FDEC" authority="Salino" authorityName="Salino" box="[158,327,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seidleri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360B57F0BFEA6FDED" box="[158,257,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. seidleri</emphasis> +Salino +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73617A7F0BFC87FDEC" authority="(Kunze) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[337,800,577,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semihastata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73617A7F0BFE78FDED" box="[337,479,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. semihastata</emphasis> +(Kunze) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73631E7F0BFF12FDCC" authority="(Salino & Melo) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Salino & Melo" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semirii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73631E7F0BFC34FDEC" box="[821,915,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. semirii</emphasis> +(Salino & Melo) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7360957F2BFD25FDCC" authority="(C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[190,642,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="septemjuga"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360957F2BFEE7FDCC" box="[190,320,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. septemjuga</emphasis> +(C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362BD7F2BFCDAFDCC" authority="(Sw.) J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[662,893,609,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Parathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrulata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362BD7F2BFCA0FDCD" box="[662,775,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. serrulata</emphasis> +(Sw.) J. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363AD7F2BFF13FD2C" authority="(Hook.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="skinneri"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363AD7F2BFC4AFDCD" box="[902,1005,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. skinneri</emphasis> +(Hook.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7360907FCBFEF2FD2C" authority="Salino" authorityName="Salino" box="[187,341,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360907FCBFEB3FD2D" box="[187,276,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. smithii</emphasis> +Salino +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361767FCBFC2DFD2C" authority="(A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. & M. Kessler" box="[349,906,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stephanii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361767FCBFE6DFD2D" box="[349,458,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. stephanii</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.& M. Kessler) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363B07FCBFF47FD0C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stolzeana"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363B07FCBFBACFD2D" box="[923,1035,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. stolzeana</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7360D87FE8FE5FFD0C" authority="(Baker) Ching" authorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[243,504,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="straminea"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7360D87FE8FECEFD0C" box="[243,361,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. straminea</emphasis> +(Baker) Ching +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73622A7FE8FD2AFD0C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[513,653,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73622A7FE8FDC4FD0C" box="[513,611,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. strigosa</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73628B7FE8FCD1FD0C" authority="Salino" authorityName="Salino" box="[672,886,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subdimorpha"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73628B7FE8FC93FD0D" box="[672,820,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. subdimorpha</emphasis> +Salino +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363AB7FE8FE98FD6C" authority="(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Maxon & C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subsagittata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363AB7FE8FBADFD0D" box="[896,1034,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. subsagittata</emphasis> +(Maxon & C. Chr.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361627F88FCA5FD6C" authority="(Jenman) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Jenman" box="[329,770,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenebrica"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361627F88FE1DFD6D" box="[329,442,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. tenebrica</emphasis> +(Jenman) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363277F88FC2BFD6C" authority="Fee" authorityName="Fee" box="[780,908,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363277F88FCC5FD6C" box="[780,866,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. tenera</emphasis> +Fée +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73638B7F88FB39FD6C" authority="(Sw.) C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[928,1182,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetragona"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73638B7F88FBB3FD6C" box="[928,1044,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. tetragona</emphasis> +(Sw.) C. Presl +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364987F88FEB9FD4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.)" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toganetra"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364987F88FF1FFD4C" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. toganetra</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) +</taxonomicName> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD19B7361097FABFE93FD4C" box="[290,308,738,759]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">Á</collectionCode> +. LÖve & D. LÖve; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7361CD7FA8FD60FD4C" authority="(Kunze) Brade" authorityName="Brade" baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[486,711,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tristis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7361CD7FA8FD91FD4C" box="[486,566,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. tristis</emphasis> +(Kunze) Brade +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F27FA8FB06FD4C" authority="(A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm." box="[729,1185,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tryoniorum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F27FA8FCFAFD4C" box="[729,861,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. tryoniorum</emphasis> +(A.R. Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364987FA8FD61FCAC" authority="(T. KrOmer, Acebey & A. R. Sm.) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="T. KrOmer, Acebey & A. R. Sm." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuxtlensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364987FA8FF1DFCAD" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. tuxtlensis</emphasis> +(T. KrÖmer, Acebey & A.R.Sm.) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F37E48FBC5FCAC" authority="(Sodiro) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Sodiro" box="[728,1122,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urbanii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F37E48FC93FCAD" box="[728,820,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. urbanii</emphasis> +(Sodiro) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364427E48FE87FC8C" authority="(Heward) Pic. Serm." authorityName="Pic. Serm." baseAuthorityName="Heward" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venusta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364427E48FB6EFCAC" box="[1129,1225,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. venusta</emphasis> +(Heward) Pic.Serm. +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B73611A7E68FD7AFC8C" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" box="[305,733,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verecunda"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73611A7E68FE0FFC8D" box="[305,424,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. verecunda</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7362C57E68FC44FC8C" authority="(Raddi) Brack." authorityName="Brack." baseAuthorityName="Raddi" box="[750,995,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vivipara"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7362C57E68FCF4FC8C" box="[750,851,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. vivipara</emphasis> +(Raddi) Brack. +</taxonomicName> +; +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7363C27E68FB07FC8C" authority="Salino" authorityName="Salino" box="[1001,1184,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="windischii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7363C27E68FBF8FC8D" box="[1001,1119,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G.windischii</emphasis> +Salino +</taxonomicName> +; * +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD19B7364987E68FE5DFCEC" authority="(Proctor) Salino & T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino & T. E. Almeida" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yaucoensis"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B7364987E68FF63FCEC" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">G. yaucoensis</emphasis> +(Proctor) Salino & T.E. Almeida +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD19B73622C7E0BFDECFCEC" box="[519,587,834,855]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." pageId="56" pageNumber="46"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD19B73622C7E0BFDECFCEC" bold="true" box="[519,587,834,855]" pageId="56" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2B</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527C81FCD4FDD9.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527C81FCD4FDD9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3b0984561da --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527C81FCD4FDD9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="4CBB07D144E0808DF0E85F756E60AFB6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527C81FCD4FDD9" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Goniopteris bermudiana S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="5899E0E3EC0F935F86A9D87DE592BFA5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="42EAA6746FFCC049A97877E72782475F"> +<mods:title id="4331E04AF8B18735DC9FB670645E5528">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="B7B8470E5CE9F929D66A6D15A40059BD" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7EAB17A0DE2971776661330BB95108B0"> +<mods:roleTerm id="3C90602DDD749F8B3821C6D086A150B5">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="891618EFBE6277E5B9DB57BA13E3BF08">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="59907BA556BE45D46FFEFAD064173814" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E68D962238E1E2D7099172DEAB2D2F08"> +<mods:roleTerm id="B84F8592DF790BEB9B30B8F682346D05">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7C342147417DE80880C65FF4FBBE0808">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="C33E1D2C9D60169E886B0299069B60C5">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="D04BD5365AE107DD330469556177DE0D"> +<mods:dateIssued id="2AB50470BAFAF4030986F9EE7DFAA381">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="C069A37BADCE821A4007507D1663B09E">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="00A20B9A8E9E11C521F49682E4CCAC6D"> +<mods:placeTerm id="7EE244A4B620A7100D1149FADF95215C">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="5BD8157BCBBDAA6C132DABC99A951411">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527C81FCD4FDD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076343" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527C81FCD4FDD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527C81FCD4FDD9" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C60527C81FC9EFE67" box="[121,825,455,477]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C60527C81FC9EFE67" blockId="55.[121,1251,162,503]" box="[121,825,455,477]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFDE9B7C60527C81FC9EFE67" box="[121,825,455,477]" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60527C81FD1AFE66" ID-CoL="3GXBB" authority="(Baker) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[121,701,455,477]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bermudiana" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60527C81FED8FE66" bold="true" box="[121,383,456,477]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris bermudiana</emphasis> +(Baker) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62EC7C8EFC9EFE67" bold="true" box="[711,825,455,476]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDE9B7C62EC7C8EFC9EFE67" box="[711,825,455,476]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C63127C8EFE14FE4C" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C63127C8EFE14FE4C" blockId="55.[121,1251,162,503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63797C83FBF4FE67" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[850,1107,458,476]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bermudianum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63797C83FBB8FE60" box="[850,1055,458,475]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Nephrodium bermudianum</emphasis> +Baker +</taxonomicName> +, in Hemsley, Rep. Challenger, Bot.1:86, t. 13.1884. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C60527F45FCD4FDD9" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="conservation"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C60527F45FCD4FDD9" blockId="55.[121,1249,524,610]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +In light of its endangered status (only 185 individuals extant), and inclusion in the +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C63A97F44FC1BFD99" box="[898,956,525,546]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">IUCN</collectionCode> +Red List of Threatened Species (Copeland & Malcom 2014), we provide the necessary combination in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C63307F65FC20FDFA" box="[795,903,556,577]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63307F65FC20FDFA" box="[795,903,556,577]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +for the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDE9B7C63FB7F64FB8FFDF9" box="[976,1064,557,578]" name="Bermuda" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Bermuda</collectingCountry> +Shield Fern, which is in need of more detailed taxonomic study. See +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDE9B7C626F7F04FD6BFDD9" author="Gilbert" box="[580,716,589,610]" firstAuthor="Gilbert" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Torrey Bot. Club" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 604" part="25" refId="ref109045" refString="GILBERT, B. D., 1898. Revision of the Bermuda ferns. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 59 - 604." title="Revision of the Bermuda ferns" type="journal article" year="1898">Gilbert (1898)</bibRefCitation> +for a description. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB6EFC36.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB6EFC36.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ef1ead9c50c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB6EFC36.xml @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +<document id="4BC56D975148A5CDC251394985EE6660" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB6EFC36" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Goniopteris venusta var. usitata S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm., comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="1FD72376DD394B882AF72FAF91D2DD55" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="4FB4A3310DC35BFC2C2186A6FE416030"> +<mods:title id="10B33749B17FAC1D2BE1C6A834727E1A">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="9E04C593AF38F63A7889D20372BEA3D1" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="98876247F9C7E2FC6AD0AE477ECD93F4"> +<mods:roleTerm id="651DB4026F56D9176F296B83F10FD4CF">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="8D69A9AC5CECF10AF8689DB74D769D99">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E5498455E744EDA0C011324BE9A64491" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7D94A057EA50C51623062870B5084E59"> +<mods:roleTerm id="3AC8BA6EF8EF1A12DB64D8B8537D0688">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="3CBBA68A06ADFEDDD2B805519F90F84E">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="22918F84EDA1807749EEE1A7956BB59C">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="9C70E00672B1C2871E9D9D59DBFC1A3C"> +<mods:dateIssued id="AAB6E647A2DBE83D8791C3D49DF19FBD">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="60BE1D726450A1983CAFEEEB28926624">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="FF66C8D2DE6CF7BFA0A3E04CD2934CBC"> +<mods:placeTerm id="C1E1361DEBEADE4E2CE812AA0166D58E">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="C5998D7822D822C3132138F2BFAF9544">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB6EFC36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076355" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076355" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB6EFC36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB6EFC36" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C60527E5BFB8DFC9D" box="[121,1066,785,807]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C60527E5BFB8DFC9D" blockId="55.[121,1248,785,833]" box="[121,1066,785,807]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFDE9B7C60527E5BFB8DFC9D" box="[121,1066,785,807]" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60527E5BFC10FC9C" ID-CoL="5P728" authority="(Jenman) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Jenman" box="[121,951,785,807]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="venusta" status="comb. nov." variety="usitata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60527E5BFEE1FC9D" bold="true" box="[121,326,785,807]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris venusta</emphasis> +(Heward) Pic.Serm. var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C621E7E5BFDDBFC9C" bold="true" box="[565,636,786,807]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">usitata</emphasis> +(Jenman) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm. +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C63947E58FB8DFC9D" bold="true" box="[959,1066,785,806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDE9B7C63947E58FB8DFC9D" box="[959,1066,785,806]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C64017E5BFCAEFCFB" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C64017E5BFCAEFCFB" blockId="55.[121,1248,785,833]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +— +<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFDE9B7C64697E5CFE20FCFA" author="Jenman" journal="J. Bot." page="261" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" score="11.733904942993295" volume="17" year="1879"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C64697E5CFE8EFCFB" ID-CoL="BC2ZZ" authority="Jenman, J. Bot." authorityName="Jenman, J. Bot." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usitatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C64697E5CFB47FC9E" box="[1090,1248,789,806]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Nephrodium usitatum</emphasis> +Jenman, J. Bot. +</taxonomicName> +17:261.1879 +</treatmentCitation> +.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C61B67E79FCAEFCFB" ID-CoL="5RT3D" authority="(Jenman) Proctor" box="[413,777,816,833]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="venusta" variety="usitata"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C61B67E79FD8DFCFB" box="[413,554,816,833]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Thelypteris venusta</emphasis> +var. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62667E79FDD8FCFB" box="[589,639,816,832]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">usitata</emphasis> +(Jenman) Proctor +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C60527E11FB6EFC36" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C60527E11FB6EFC36" blockId="55.[121,1249,855,909]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +Both varieties of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C613D7E1EFE6BFCD7" ID-CoL="3GXHJ" box="[278,460,855,876]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venusta"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C613D7E1EFE6BFCD7" box="[278,460,855,876]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris venusta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are endemic to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFDE9B7C62747E11FD0CFCD6" box="[607,683,856,877]" name="Jamaica" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Jamaica</collectingCountry> +and are usually distinct from each other. However, intermediate forms are known, so we follow +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFDE9B7C61FF7E3EFDF8FC36" author="Proctor" box="[468,607,887,909]" firstAuthor="Proctor" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London, UK" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" refId="ref113097" refString="PROCTOR, G. R. 1985. Ferns of Jamaica. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK." title="Ferns of Jamaica" type="book" year="1985">Proctor (1985)</bibRefCitation> +in recognizing this taxon at varietal rank, pending further study. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527F34FD27FD4C.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527F34FD27FD4C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2fcda9476ca --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527F34FD27FD4C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +<document id="25CB6FABDD3A99D3B90CB2095FFE2981" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527F34FD27FD4C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Goniopteris fuertesii S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Y. Y. Pina, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1731346806662" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="EC71D5426CF6379143D599181E70379D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="1C0F17520F6FFC22BBE23E426F33ABF0"> +<mods:title id="D2B862306B0C5B00B375A13899FEDF70">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="ADF0614ED1A4F4805B89F2D05821FB52" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="38FB750603BB87725BA6EA2A8A45B2A5"> +<mods:roleTerm id="B0A1F7631131F3F6E30EEFC146CEE02E">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="8AD26913BED7F95A87EDF3568B5B2704">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="BEFB7146B062EC4BBB72A703F8033BC0" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E20D942E36945DA1D3F126E65F58AB41"> +<mods:roleTerm id="C76D655C09BD8D90F067CA16A24BCB55">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="7E5BC43868C9920F4311F6EF437800CC">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="318E62470D894AAAA2F159DD5977ADCC">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="A5056BFC26FB972C9E57CB290C3DEA54"> +<mods:dateIssued id="CC51AE4E129DC9C6AAEF858095A2A05C">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="39DBFC57DE30F89679CF0C34D199C3FF">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="F5E3E997B36DA5CBE8884561C6BA2784"> +<mods:placeTerm id="A24026C32F7E30C08247D9823416DA58">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="AE25F02E5060A5BA0676DF261D8D1930">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527F34FD27FD4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076351" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527F34FD27FD4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFDE9B7C60527F34FD27FD4C" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C60527F34FCEBFD2A" box="[121,844,636,658]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C60527F34FCEBFD2A" blockId="55.[121,1251,636,684]" box="[121,844,636,658]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFDE9B7C60527F34FCEBFD2A" box="[121,844,636,658]" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C60527F34FD7FFD29" ID-CoL="8RTWQ" authority="(Brause) S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Y. Y. Pina" authorityName="S. E. Fawc., A. R. Sm. & Y. Y. Pina" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[121,728,636,658]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuertesii" status="comb. nov."> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C60527F34FEEBFD29" bold="true" box="[121,332,637,658]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Goniopteris fuertesii</emphasis> +(Brause) S.E. Fawc., A.R. Sm. & Y.Y. Piña +</taxonomicName> +, +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C62CB7F35FCEBFD2A" bold="true" box="[736,844,636,657]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFDE9B7C62CB7F35FCEBFD2A" box="[736,844,636,657]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</emphasis> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C63677F35FEB4FD17" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C63677F35FEB4FD17" blockId="55.[121,1251,636,684]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFDE9B7C634F7FC9FB8CFD2B" authority="Brause" authorityName="Brause" authorityYear="1913" box="[868,1067,640,657]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuertesii"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C634F7FC9FC54FD2A" box="[868,1011,640,657]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Dryopteris fuertesii</emphasis> +Brause +</taxonomicName> +, in Urban,Symb.Antill. 7:485.1913. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFDE9B7C60527F8BFD27FD4C" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFDE9B7C60527F8BFD27FD4C" blockId="55.[121,1249,705,759]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45"> +This taxon, previously known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDE9B7C626F7F8BFDD4FD6C" box="[580,627,706,727]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus> +, was recently rediscovered by Yommi Piña ( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFDE9B7C641D7F8BFB32FD6D" box="[1078,1173,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">Piña 1671</emphasis> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C64897F8BFB7AFD6C" box="[1186,1245,706,727]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15676" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15676" name="Florida Museum of Natural History, Herbarium" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">FLAS</collectionCode> +, +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFDE9B7C60527FABFF0CFD4C" box="[121,171,738,759]" country="Dominican Republic" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15541" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15541" name="Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso" pageId="55" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">JBSD</collectionCode> +) near the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFDE9B7C61237FABFE94FD4C" box="[264,307,738,759]" pageId="55" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus> +locality, after more than 100 years. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940.xml b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9ee7eb47a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@ +<document id="44ED6785239D7189C24C74C67877DBC9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Thelypteridaceae" docType="key" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1731345217528" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="A9327BB4C52076CC4C914C66DEA5AAF3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="3EC3FA6EB6EA174243FB57B0010FDECB"> +<mods:title id="DB3CED7887B26FCD27E46CB380DEF32F">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="548935E4394D8E0954D34EC9A34B59BE" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="7561DF69B4F7743C508EF7E65AB2C17B"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4BF5D53AE4B213AB9E6C59FBD7031075">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="5785CAF2794FA26CEAD4BAC74C355D3E">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="2FE4257D04EF6D2596FA197701B6653B" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E02D91037A09285DF04BC2D96A02D417"> +<mods:roleTerm id="5431BA3F4F54D052A9235620F5E32FE2">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="E64D52DC812159797AB1016792F664A9">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="51C221A968F0CF0B322DAA7D4975B98A">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:originInfo id="0BC060BCEC580056CDB90DA4397A7099"> +<mods:dateIssued id="4BAC14F2D49F88B6B79D99474C237216">2021</mods:dateIssued> +<mods:publisher id="D9625B4F387BD15DA0B5F2E2494D2AC3">BRIT Press</mods:publisher> +<mods:place id="0E7DE220C1E3A755F5339E8AA6E0345E"> +<mods:placeTerm id="55CFE50241FC236E692437DF52CF769A">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm> +</mods:place> +</mods:originInfo> +<mods:classification id="DAB00C1A7572ECF7A4480856ED4B2E07">book</mods:classification> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFF79B5561F87DEEFCF1FF02" box="[467,854,167,185]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5561F87DEEFCF1FF02" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[467,854,167,185]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<heading id="D0E9818CFFF79B5561F87DEEFCF1FF02" box="[467,854,167,185]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +KEY TO GENERA OF +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5562BD7DE1FCF1FF02" ID-CoL="626PQ" box="[662,854,168,185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">THELYPTERIDACEAE</taxonomicName> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFF79B54604A7D83FB47F940" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" type="key"> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B55604A7D83FDC7FD90" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55604A7D83FD7AFF60" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[97,733,202,219]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55604A7D83FD7AFF60" box="[97,733,202,219]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">1. Adaxial costae not grooved;veins terminating before reaching laminar margins.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55604A7F53FDC7FD90" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[97,608,538,555]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55604A7F53FDFAFD90" box="[97,605,538,555]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">1. Adaxial costae grooved;veins mostly reaching laminar margins</keyLead> +. +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560587DABFEB6FE98" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560587DABFB6EFF48" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[115,1225,226,243]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560587DABFB6EFF48" box="[115,1225,226,243]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +2. Laminae ovate to lanceolate;sori indusiate;scales restricted to stipe bases ________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55646F7DABFB6EFF48" box="[1092,1225,226,243]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Metathelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55646F7DABFB6EFF48" bold="true" box="[1092,1225,226,243]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Metathelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560587DB3FEB6FE98" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560587DB3FEB6FE98" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +2. Laminae deltate,ovate,or lanceolate;sori exindusiate or with very small indusia < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFF79B55632B7DB3FC8AFEB0" box="[768,813,250,267]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity> +diam.;scales sometimes present on stipes and costae. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560AD7C63FBFDFEE8" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7C63FB6EFE80" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[134,1225,298,315]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7C63FB6EFE80" box="[134,1225,298,315]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +3. Sori exindusiate,linear to elongate;sporangial capsules densely setulose;veins mostly simple; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5563597C63FCDDFE80" box="[882,890,298,315]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 36 __________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564787C63FB6EFE80" box="[1107,1225,298,315]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564787C63FB6EFE80" bold="true" box="[1107,1225,298,315]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7C0BFBFDFEE8" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[134,1114,322,339]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7C0BFBFDFEE8" box="[134,1114,322,339]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +3. Sori indusiate or exindusiate,round to slightly oblong; sporangia glabrous or with few setae;veins mostly forking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564277C0BFBB3FEE8" box="[1036,1044,322,339]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 30,31. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560B27C13FD3BFE08" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27C13FB6FFE38" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27C13FB6FFE38" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +4. Medial pinnae mostly adnate;laminae pinnatifid or pinnate-pinnatifid; stipe scales with marginal setae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5563FA7C13FC7EFED0" box="[977,985,346,363]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 30;temperate or paleotropical-montane ________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564487C3BFB6FFE38" box="[1123,1224,370,387]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564487C3BFB6FFE38" bold="true" box="[1123,1224,370,387]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Phegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27CC3FD3BFE08" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27CC3FD3BFE08" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +4. Medial pinnae free (adnate only towards frond apices);laminae pinnate-pinnatifid to bipinnate or more divided;stipe scales with marginal and surperficial setae; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5561D17CEBFDA5FE08" box="[506,514,418,435]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 31; paleotropical. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560807CF3FB6FFDA8" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560807CF3FB6EFE58" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560807CF3FB6EFE58" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +5. Medial pinnae mostly opposite; sori exindusiate; stipe scales brown, and of uniform thickness; hairs on laminae unicellular____________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55640D7C9BFB6EFE58" box="[1062,1225,466,483]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55640D7C9BFB6EFE58" bold="true" box="[1062,1225,466,483]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560807CA3FB6FFDA8" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560807CA3FB6FFDA8" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +5. Medial pinnae mostly alternate;sori indusiate or exindusiate; stipe scales typically pale and thickened at base;hairs on laminae often septate ____________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564117F4BFB6FFDA8" box="[1082,1224,514,531]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564117F4BFB6FFDA8" bold="true" box="[1082,1224,514,531]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Macrothelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560587F7BFC7EF988" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560587F7BFF70FDF8" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[115,215,562,579]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560587F7BFF70FDF8" box="[115,215,562,579]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">6. Veins free.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560587B6BFC7EF988" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[115,985,1570,1587]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560587B6BFC7EF988" box="[115,985,1570,1587]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">6. Veins connivent at or near sinuses,or anastomosing below the sinuses and forming an excurrent vein to sinus.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560AD7F03FD4FFCA0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7F03FDEEFDE0" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[134,585,586,603]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7F03FDEEFDE0" box="[134,585,586,603]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">7. Three or more pairs of proximal pinnae greatly reduced.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7E43FD4FFCA0" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[134,744,778,795]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7E43FD4FFCA0" box="[134,744,778,795]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">7. Fewer than three pairs of proximal pinnae greatly reduced,or none reduced.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560B27F2BFE17FD00" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27F2BFB6EFD30" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27F2BFB6EFD30" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +8. Proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to a series of auricles subtended by peg-like aerophores; strictly paleotropical ________________________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55641F7F33FB6EFD30" box="[1076,1225,634,651]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55641F7F33FB6EFD30" bold="true" box="[1076,1225,634,651]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27FDBFE17FD00" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27FDBFE17FD00" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">8. Proximal pinnae gradually reduced,rarely abruptly reduced to auricles subtended by peg-like aerophores;mostly neotropical,temperate,or boreal.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560807F8BFB6EFCB8" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560807F8BFB6EFD68" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[171,1225,706,723]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560807F8BFB6EFD68" box="[171,1225,706,723]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +9. Stipe scales with papillose outgrowths along margins;boreal and paleotropical-montane; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55635E7F8BFCDAFD68" box="[885,893,706,723]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 34 _____________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55645B7F8BFB6EFD68" baseAuthorityName="Holub" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1136,1225,706,723]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Oreopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55645B7F8BFB6EFD68" bold="true" box="[1136,1225,706,723]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Oreopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560807F93FB6EFCB8" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560807F93FB6EFCB8" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +9. Stipe scales various, often marginally setulose; mostly neotropical, subtropical, or north-temperate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5563C07F93FC54FD50" box="[1003,1011,730,747]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 27, 29, 31 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564707FBBFB6EFCB8" box="[1115,1225,754,771]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564707FBBFB6EFCB8" bold="true" box="[1115,1225,754,771]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560B27E6BFCC9FBB0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27E6BFC8AFC88" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[153,813,802,819]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27E6BFC8AFC88" box="[153,813,802,819]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">10. Fronds winter-deciduous;plants mostly of temperate regions;rhizomes creeping.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27EB3FCC9FBB0" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[153,878,1018,1035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27EB3FCC9FBB0" box="[153,878,1018,1035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">10. Fronds not winter-deciduous;plants of tropical and subtropical regions;rhizomes various.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B55609D7E73FDE2FC28" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55609D7E73FB6EFCD8" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55609D7E73FB6EFCD8" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +11. Fronds weakly dimorphic; ovate scales present on abaxial costae; veins often forked; laminar glands lacking; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564027E73FB96FCF0" box="[1065,1073,826,843]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564407E1BFB6EFCD8" box="[1131,1225,850,867]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564407E1BFB6EFCD8" bold="true" box="[1131,1225,850,867]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Thelypteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55609D7E23FDE2FC28" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55609D7E23FDE2FC28" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +11. Fronds monomorphic;scales absent on abaxial costae;veins almost always simple;sessile or stipitate glands sometimes present on lamina; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5561EA7ECBFE6EFC28" box="[449,457,898,915]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 27, 31, 32,33. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560F87ED3FB6EFC48" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560F87ED3FB6EFC78" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560F87ED3FB6EFC78" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +12. Pinna segments subentire, often tapering, oblique to costae and apices acute; glands absent or orange-yellow, spherical or hemispherical;most spp. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55623F7EFBFDBBFC78" box="[532,540,946,963]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 27, 31 ______________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564707EFBFB6EFC78" box="[1115,1225,946,963]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564707EFBFB6EFC78" bold="true" box="[1115,1225,946,963]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Amauropelta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560F87E83FB6EFC48" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560F87E83FB6EFC48" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +12. Pinna segments entire, parallel sided, nearly perpendicular to costae and apices rounded or truncate; glands usually reddish,viscid and hemispherical; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55621E7EABFD9AFC48" box="[565,573,994,1011]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">x</emphasis> += 31,32,33_______________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55647A7EABFB6EFC48" box="[1105,1225,994,1011]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55647A7EABFB6EFC48" bold="true" box="[1105,1225,994,1011]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B55609D795BFCF3FB80" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55609D795BFB6EFB98" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[182,1225,1042,1059]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55609D795BFB6EFB98" box="[182,1225,1042,1059]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +13. Plants mostly of rocky riverbeds and streamsides;rhizomes (caudices) erect;spores trilete _____________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B556472795BFB6EFB98" box="[1113,1225,1042,1059]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B556472795BFB6EFB98" bold="true" box="[1113,1225,1042,1059]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55609D7963FCF3FB80" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[182,852,1066,1083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55609D7963FCF3FB80" box="[182,852,1066,1083]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">13. Plants of various habitats;rhizomes creeping,ascending or erect;spores monolete.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560F8790BFE08FB38" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560F8790BFB6EFBE8" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[211,1225,1090,1107]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560F8790BFB6EFBE8" box="[211,1225,1090,1107]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +14. Pinnae with peg-like aerophores at bases;developing fronds covered in mucilage;neotropical ________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55644C790BFB6EFBE8" box="[1127,1225,1090,1107]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55644C790BFB6EFBE8" bold="true" box="[1127,1225,1090,1107]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560F87913FE08FB38" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560F87913FE08FB38" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +14. Pinnae without aerophores (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55622D7913FDC8FBD0" box="[518,623,1114,1131]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55622D7913FDC8FBD0" box="[518,623,1114,1131]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), or these present as inconspicuous swellings; mucilage rare or unknown;paleotropical. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560DA79C3FBFCFB70" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560DA79C3FB6EFB08" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560DA79C3FB6EFB08" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +15. Indument of abaxial axes and sporangia of hooked and straight setae; spores coarsely echinate or with reticulate crests ____________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55647C79EBFB6EFB08" box="[1111,1225,1186,1203]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55647C79EBFB6EFB08" bold="true" box="[1111,1225,1186,1203]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Cyclogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560DA79F3FBFCFB70" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[241,1115,1210,1227]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560DA79F3FBFCFB70" box="[241,1115,1210,1227]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">15. Indument of abaxial axes lacking hooked hairs;sporangia usually lacking setae;spores variously ornamented.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B556125799BFE29FA90" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B556125799BFB6EFB40" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B556125799BFB6EFB40" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +16. Plants mostly < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFF79B556186799BFE47FB58" box="[429,480,1234,1251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity> +; rhizomes forming erect caudices; abaxial laminae with hemispherical resinous glands;scales often present on abaxial axes__________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55647A79A3FB6EFB40" box="[1105,1225,1258,1275]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55647A79A3FB6EFB40" bold="true" box="[1105,1225,1258,1275]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Coryphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B556125784BFE29FA90" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B556125784BFE29FA90" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +16. Plants mostly> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFF79B556180784BFE7AFAA8" box="[427,477,1282,1299]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity> +; rhizomes creeping to erect; glands absent or various; scales typically absent on abaxial axes. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B556100787BFDC5FA30" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B556100787BFB6EFAE0" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B556100787BFB6EFAE0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +17. Abaxial laminae with amber to reddish translucent hemispherical glands; fronds drying reddish and bicolorous____________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564477803FB6EFAE0" box="[1132,1225,1354,1371]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564477803FB6EFAE0" bold="true" box="[1132,1225,1354,1371]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B556100782BFDC5FA30" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B556100782BFDC5FA30" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">17. Abaxial laminae lacking glands, or glands spherical, sulfur-colored and opaque; fronds drying greenish or brown and concolorous.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B55616278DBFC94FA00" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55616278DBFB6FFA18" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[329,1224,1426,1443]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55616278DBFB6FFA18" box="[329,1224,1426,1443]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +18. Sori inframedial,often overlapping costules;all pinnae opposite or subopposite________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55643678DBFB6FFA18" box="[1053,1224,1426,1443]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55643678DBFB6FFA18" bold="true" box="[1053,1224,1426,1443]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55616278E3FC94FA00" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[329,819,1450,1467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55616278E3FC94FA00" box="[329,819,1450,1467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">18. Sori medial to inframarginal;distal pinnae usually alternate.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B55614D788BFB6EF9A0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55614D788BFB6FFA50" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55614D788BFB6FFA50" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +19. Medial pinna with bases asymmetrical, cuneate or rounded; laminae chartaceous to stiffly coriaceous ____________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564717893FB6FFA50" box="[1114,1224,1498,1515]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564717893FB6FFA50" bold="true" box="[1114,1224,1498,1515]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Plesioneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B55614D78BBFB6EF9A0" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B55614D78BBFB6EF9A0" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +19. Medial pinna with bases more or less symmetrical, truncate; laminae membranaceous to chartaceous _________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B5564637B43FB6EF9A0" box="[1096,1225,1546,1563]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B5564637B43FB6EF9A0" bold="true" box="[1096,1225,1546,1563]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5460AD7B73FC8FFEF8" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7B73FCA9F9F0" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[134,782,1594,1611]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7B73FCA9F9F0" box="[134,782,1594,1611]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">20. At least some veins connivent at sinuses or running to sinuses without merging.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460B57C7BFC8FFEF8" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[158,808,306,323]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460B57C7BFC8FFEF8" box="[158,808,306,323]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">20. At least one pair of veins anastomosing below the sinus,forming excurrent vein.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560887B1BFD64F978" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560887B1BFD50F9D8" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[163,759,1618,1635]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560887B1BFD50F9D8" box="[163,759,1618,1635]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">21. Veins running alongside non-vascularized cartilaginous keel below sinus.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560887BFBFD64F978" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[163,707,1714,1731]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560887BFBFD64F978" box="[163,707,1714,1731]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">21. Veins connivent at or just below sinuses,cartilaginous keel absent.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5560EA7B23FB6EF910" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560EA7B23FB6EF928" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560EA7B23FB6EF928" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +22. Sporangial stalks each with a multicellular stalk capped by a spherical reddish to orange gland;costae,costules,and veins abaxially bearing narrow scales;paleotropical____________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55647A7BCBFB6EF928" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1105,1225,1666,1683]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55647A7BCBFB6EF928" bold="true" box="[1105,1225,1666,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Mesophlebion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5560EB7BD3FB6EF910" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box="[192,1225,1690,1707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560EB7BD3FB6EF910" box="[192,1225,1690,1707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +22. Sporangial stalks lacking stalked glands;axes usually lacking scales abaxially;neotropical_______________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55644C7BD3FB6EF910" box="[1127,1225,1690,1707]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Steiropteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55644C7BD3FB6EF910" bold="true" box="[1127,1225,1690,1707]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Steiropteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF79B5460EB7B83FE10FF70" blockId="30.[97,1225,167,1779]" lastBlockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF79B5460EB7B83FE10FF70" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF79B5560EB7B83FB6FF948" pageId="30" pageNumber="20"> +23. Sessile glands absent from laminar axes and tissue,but short-stipitate light yellowish glands often present;all veins connivent at or just below sinuses;neotropical________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF79B55647E7BABFB6FF948" box="[1109,1224,1762,1779]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF79B55647E7BABFB6FF948" bold="true" box="[1109,1224,1762,1779]" pageId="30" pageNumber="20">Pelazoneuron</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460F27DEBFE10FF70" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">23. Glands present on abaxial laminae;veins connivent at or just below sinuses,anastomosing below sinuses,or some- times free;paleotropical.</keyLead> +</keyStep> +</paragraph> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7D9BFB46FE90" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7D9BFB46FF40" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7D9BFB46FF40" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +24. Adaxial laminar axes with hyaline acicular hairs; abaxial laminae with opaque sulfur-colored or pale yellow spherical glands;laminae drying concolorous green or olivaceous____________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54644B7DA3FB46FF40" box="[1120,1249,234,251]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54644B7DA3FB46FF40" bold="true" box="[1120,1249,234,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7C4BFB46FE90" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7C4BFB46FE90" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +24. Adaxial laminar axes glabrous, or with short-stipitate glands, abaxial laminae with translucent reddish to orangish hemispherical glands;laminae drying bicolorous and reddish___________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AF7C53FB46FE90" box="[1156,1249,282,299]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AF7C53FB46FE90" bold="true" box="[1156,1249,282,299]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Mesopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5460907C03FDACFB30" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460907C03FCC7FEE0" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[187,864,330,347]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460907C03FCC7FEE0" box="[187,864,330,347]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">25. Pinnae entire,subentire,or shallowly lobed,typically incised less than 1/3 to costae.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460907933FDACFB30" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[187,523,1146,1163]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460907933FDACFB30" box="[187,523,1146,1163]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">25. Pinnae incised more than 1/3 to costae.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5460F27C2BFD2DFDA0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460F27C2BFE64FE30" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460F27C2BFE64FE30" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">26. Sori linear to slightly elongate, exindusiate; adaxial laminae with abundant simple hairs between veins; sporangial capsules densely setulose.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460F27CBBFD2DFDA0" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460F27CBBFD2DFDA0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">26. Sori mostly round (sometimes elongate),indusiate or exindusiate;adaxial laminae glabrous or sparsely hairy; sporangial capsules glabrous,glandular,or setulose.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7CDBFD49FE00" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7CDBFB47FE18" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[246,1248,402,419]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7CDBFB47FE18" box="[246,1248,402,419]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +27. Spores winged; endemic to Hawaiian Islands __________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464BE7CDBFB47FE18" box="[1173,1248,402,419]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464BE7CDBFB47FE18" bold="true" box="[1173,1248,402,419]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Hoiokula</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7CE3FD49FE00" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[246,750,426,443]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7CE3FD49FE00" box="[246,750,426,443]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +27. Spores echinate;native to Eurasia,Africa, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFF69B5462787CE3FD2CFE00" box="[595,651,426,443]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Mexico</collectingCountry> +or Alabama. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461387C8BFB46FE50" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461387C8BFB46FE68" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[275,1249,450,467]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461387C8BFB46FE68" box="[275,1249,450,467]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +28. Veins with two or fewer intersegmental areoles,or veins free ______________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464407C8BFB46FE68" box="[1131,1249,450,467]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464407C8BFB46FE68" bold="true" box="[1131,1249,450,467]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Leptogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461387C93FB46FE50" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[275,1249,474,491]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461387C93FB46FE50" box="[275,1249,474,491]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +28. Veins with at least three intersegmental areoles,or veins irregularly anastomosing ___________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54644B7C93FB46FE50" box="[1120,1249,474,491]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54644B7C93FB46FE50" bold="true" box="[1120,1249,474,491]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Stegnogramma</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7F6BFC0BFDD8" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7F6BFB46FDF0" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7F6BFB46FDF0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +29. Stellate or furcate hairs usually present, most easily observed on costae, rachis, and stipe base scales; neotropical ___________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464557F73FB46FDF0" box="[1150,1249,570,587]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464557F73FB46FDF0" bold="true" box="[1150,1249,570,587]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7F1BFC0BFDD8" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[246,940,594,611]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7F1BFC0BFDD8" box="[246,940,594,611]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +29. Hairs all unbranched (some furcate in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5462137F1BFD3CFDD8" box="[568,667,594,611]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5462137F1BFD3CFDD8" box="[568,667,594,611]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); paleotropical (except +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54637B7F1BFC06FDD8" box="[848,929,594,611]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54637B7F1BFC06FDD8" box="[848,929,594,611]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461387F23FE5DFD78" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461387F23FB47FD28" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461387F23FB47FD28" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +30. Sporangial stalks each with a multicellular stalk capped by a spherical reddish to orange gland; fronds abundantly proliferous;mature fronds continuing to elongate_____________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464447FCBFB47FD28" box="[1135,1248,642,659]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Ampelopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464447FCBFB47FD28" bold="true" box="[1135,1248,642,659]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Ampelopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461387FD3FE5DFD78" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461387FD3FE5DFD78" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">30. Sporangia stalks all lacking a reddish to orange multicellular gland;fronds proliferous or not; mature fronds with determinate growth.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B54611A7F83FD99FD48" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54611A7F83FB46FD60" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[305,1249,714,731]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54611A7F83FB46FD60" box="[305,1249,714,731]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +31. Hook-shaped (hamate) hairs present on laminae,these most easily observed on abaxial axes ___________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AE7F83FB46FD60" box="[1157,1249,714,731]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AE7F83FB46FD60" bold="true" box="[1157,1249,714,731]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54611A7FABFD99FD48" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[305,574,738,755]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54611A7FABFD99FD48" box="[305,574,738,755]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">31. Hairs needle-shaped (acicular).</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461657FB3FD43FC98" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461657FB3FB46FCB0" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[334,1249,762,779]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461657FB3FB46FCB0" box="[334,1249,762,779]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +32. Fronds nearly always with proliferous buds in axils of distal pinnae;endemic to Africa ______________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464A17FB3FB46FCB0" box="[1162,1249,762,779]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464A17FB3FB46FCB0" bold="true" box="[1162,1249,762,779]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Menisorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461657E5BFD43FC98" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[334,740,786,803]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461657E5BFD43FC98" box="[334,740,786,803]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">32. Fronds rarely proliferous;rare or absent in Africa.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461407E63FC38FC58" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461407E63FDF3FCD0" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461407E63FDF3FCD0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +33. Fronds strongly dimorphic to subdimorphic; pinnae mostly < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFF69B5463597E63FC3EFC80" box="[882,921,810,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity> +wide; 4 or fewer vein pairs usually anastomosing below sinuses; sessile yellowish glands typically present on laminae, sporangia,and/or indusia. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461407EF3FC38FC58" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461407EF3FC38FC58" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +33. Fronds monomorphic to subdimorphic; pinnae often> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFF69B5463167EF3FCC3FC70" box="[829,868,954,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity> +wide; 5 or more vein pairs usually anastomosing below sinuses;sessile yellowish glands usually absent. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461A27E3BFB47FC08" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461A27E3BFB47FC38" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[393,1248,882,899]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461A27E3BFB47FC38" box="[393,1248,882,899]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +34. Proximal pinnae not reduced;hairs lacking from adaxial laminae between veins___________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464597E3BFB47FC38" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1138,1248,882,899]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464597E3BFB47FC38" bold="true" box="[1138,1248,882,899]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461A27EC3FB47FC08" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461A27EC3FB47FC08" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +34. Proximal pinnae usually reduced; hairs sometimes present on adaxial laminae between veins ___________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54646F7EEBFB47FC08" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1092,1248,930,947]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54646F7EEBFB47FC08" bold="true" box="[1092,1248,930,947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461A27EA3FB99FBA8" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461A27EA3FB47FC40" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[393,1248,1002,1019]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461A27EA3FB47FC40" box="[393,1248,1002,1019]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +35. Sporangial capsules usually setulose;sori usually medial and discrete ____________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464577EA3FB47FC40" box="[1148,1248,1002,1019]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464577EA3FB47FC40" bold="true" box="[1148,1248,1002,1019]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461A2794BFB99FBA8" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[393,1086,1026,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461A2794BFB99FBA8" box="[393,1086,1026,1043]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">35. Sporangial capsules usually glabrous;sori inframedial or coalescent along cross-veins.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B54618D7953FB47FBC8" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54618D7953FB46FBF8" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54618D7953FB46FBF8" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +36. Laminae often drying reddish; proliferous buds absent; Asian, Malesian, and Hawaiian _________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54645D797BFB46FBF8" box="[1142,1249,1074,1091]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54645D797BFB46FBF8" bold="true" box="[1142,1249,1074,1091]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54618D7903FB47FBC8" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54618D7903FB47FBC8" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +36. Laminae drying greenish, olivaceous, or brown; proliferous buds sometimes present in axils of pinnae;neotropical_____________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AD792BFB47FBC8" box="[1158,1248,1122,1139]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Meniscium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AD792BFB47FBC8" bold="true" box="[1158,1248,1122,1139]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Meniscium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5460F379DBFDE4FB68" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460F379DBFB46FB00" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460F379DBFB46FB00" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +37. Stellate or furcate hairs usually present, most easily observed on adaxial costae, rachis, and stipe base scales; neotropical_______________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54645579E3FB46FB00" box="[1150,1249,1194,1211]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54645579E3FB46FB00" bold="true" box="[1150,1249,1194,1211]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Goniopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460F3798BFDE4FB68" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[216,579,1218,1235]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460F3798BFDE4FB68" box="[216,579,1218,1235]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">37. Hairs all unbranched;mostly paleotropical.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7993FB81FAB8" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7993FB47FB50" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[246,1248,1242,1259]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7993FB47FB50" box="[246,1248,1242,1259]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +38. Rhizomes forming trunk-like erect caudices;pinnae opposite;endemic to +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFF69B5463677993FC14FB50" box="[844,947,1242,1259]" name="New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">New Zealand</collectingCountry> +and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFF69B5463F37993FBBCFB50" box="[984,1051,1242,1259]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Australia</collectingCountry> +_______________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464867993FB47FB50" box="[1197,1248,1242,1259]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464867993FB47FB50" bold="true" box="[1197,1248,1242,1259]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Pakau</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD79BBFB81FAB8" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[246,1062,1266,1283]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD79BBFB81FAB8" box="[246,1062,1266,1283]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">38. Rhizomes creeping,ascending or erect;pinnae mostly alternate,at least distally;mostly paleotropical.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461387843FB9FFA10" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461387843FBD5FAA0" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[275,1138,1290,1307]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461387843FBD5FAA0" box="[275,1138,1290,1307]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +39. Rhizomes long-creeping (internodes> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFF69B5462767843FD23FAA0" box="[605,644,1290,1307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity> +),subterranean;fronds sclerophyllous,often in full or partial sun. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54613878D3FB9FFA10" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[275,1080,1434,1451]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54613878D3FB9FFA10" box="[275,1080,1434,1451]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +39. Rhizomes creeping (internodes < +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFF69B54621E78D3FDFBFA10" box="[565,604,1434,1451]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity> +), ascending,or erect;fronds membranaceous to chartaceous. +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B54611B786BFB46FA28" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54611B786BFB47FAD8" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54611B786BFB47FAD8" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +40. Ovate scales present on abaxial axes of laminae;sporangial stalks each with a multicellular stalk capped by a spherical reddish to orange gland; plants aquatic, of freshwater marshes and swamps; pantropical ________________________________________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AC781BFB47FAD8" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[1159,1248,1362,1379]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AC781BFB47FAD8" bold="true" box="[1159,1248,1362,1379]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Cyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54611B7823FB46FA28" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54611B7823FB46FA28" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +40. Scales absent from abaxial laminae; sporangial capsules with sessile glands or setae; plants not of permanently inundated habitats;paleotropical_____________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54644E78CBFB46FA28" box="[1125,1249,1410,1427]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54644E78CBFB46FA28" bold="true" box="[1125,1249,1410,1427]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B54611B78FBFBBEF980" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54611B78FBFC05FA78" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[304,930,1458,1475]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54611B78FBFC05FA78" box="[304,930,1458,1475]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">41. Hairs usually appressed and often present on adaxial laminae between veins.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54611B7B63FBBEF980" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box="[304,1049,1578,1595]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54611B7B63FBBEF980" box="[304,1049,1578,1595]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">41. Hairs,if present on adaxial laminae,usually spreading,mostly restricted to costae and rachis.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461657883FB47F998" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461657883FB47FA48" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461657883FB47FA48" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +42. Proximal pinnae typically gradually reduced; glands, if present, typically orange and clavate or pear-shaped;most diverse and abundant in continental southeast Asia and Indian subcontinent ______ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464BA78ABFB47FA48" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[1169,1248,1506,1523]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464BA78ABFB47FA48" bold="true" box="[1169,1248,1506,1523]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B54616578B3FB47F998" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B54616578B3FB47F998" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +42. Proximal pinnae mostly abruptly reduced;glands,if present,sessile,typically yellowish and spherical or oblate;most diverse and abundant in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFF69B54628E7B5BFD79F998" box="[677,734,1554,1571]" name="Malaysia" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Malesia</collectingCountry> +______________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54646F7B5BFB47F998" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1092,1248,1554,1571]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54646F7B5BFB47F998" bold="true" box="[1092,1248,1554,1571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461657B0BFE66F920" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461657B0BFB47F9D0" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461657B0BFB47F9D0" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +43. Sori inframedial to costular;stipe scales terete or linear-lanceolate and thickened,dark brown to black, dense and persistent,spreading _____________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B54648B7B13FB47F9D0" box="[1184,1248,1626,1643]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B54648B7B13FB47F9D0" bold="true" box="[1184,1248,1626,1643]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Chingia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461657B3BFE66F920" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461657B3BFE66F920" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">43. Sori medial to inframarginal;stipe scales not terete,ovate to lanceolate,brown,often caducous,often appressed.</keyLead> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +<keyStep id="30EA2E45FFF69B5461407BEBFB47F940" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B5461407BEBFB46F970" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461407BEBFB46F970" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +44. Aerophores peg-like, projecting from pinna and sometimes pinnule bases; proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to vestigial laminar fringe; fronds drying bicolorous,reddish ____________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464707BF3FB46F970" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1115,1249,1722,1739]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464707BF3FB46F970" bold="true" box="[1115,1249,1722,1739]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFF69B6B61407B9BFD5FFF06" blockId="31.[158,1249,162,1787]" lastBlockId="32.[97,1225,163,251]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +<keyLead id="30EF95D5FFF69B5461407B9BFB47F940" pageId="31" pageNumber="21"> +44. Aerophores inconspicuous;proximal pinnae gradually reduced;fronds mostly drying concolorous green or olivaceous _______________________________________________________________ +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFF69B5464527BA3FB47F940" box="[1145,1248,1770,1787]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFF69B5464527BA3FB47F940" bold="true" box="[1145,1248,1770,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="21">Reholttumia</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</keyLead> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B62197DEAFD5FFF06" box="[562,760,163,189]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62197DEAFD5FFF06" authority="Fee, Gen. Fil." authorityName="Fee, Gen. Fil." box="[562,760,163,189]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">ABACOPTERIS</taxonomicName> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B604A7D82FDA0FF5B" box="[97,519,203,224]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B604A7D82FDA0FF5B" blockId="32.[97,1225,163,251]" box="[97,519,203,224]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B604A7D82FEF9FF5B" authority="Fee, Gen. Fil." authorityName="Fee, Gen. Fil." box="[97,350,203,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B604A7D82FF7DFF5B" bold="true" box="[97,218,203,224]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +Fée, Gen. Fil. +</taxonomicName> +309, t. 18 +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC99B6B61917D82FE6BFF5B" box="[442,460,203,224]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode> +. 1852. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B622D7D82FC68FF40" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B622D7D82FC68FF40" blockId="32.[97,1225,163,251]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +— +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC99B6B62347D87FD98FF65" box="[543,575,206,222]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC99B6B62347D87FD98FF65" box="[543,575,206,222]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">TYPE</collectionCode> +</typeStatus> +: +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B626C7D87FC23FF5B" authority="Fee, Congr. Sci." authorityName="Fee, Congr. Sci." box="[583,900,206,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinarum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B626C7D87FCAEFF64" box="[583,777,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris philippinarum</emphasis> +Fée,Congr.Sci. +</taxonomicName> +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B63AE7D87FC1EFF65" box="[901,953,206,222]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">France</collectingCountry> +10(sess.1):178.1843. [ +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B644D7D86FBC8FF64" box="[1126,1135,207,223]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">=</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B64597D87FE4FFF40" authority="(C. Presl) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." authorityName="Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin." baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B64597D87FF76FF42" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris aspera</emphasis> +(C.Presl) Ching, Acta Phytotax.Sin. +</taxonomicName> +8:332.1963,based on +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62A47DA0FCFFFF40" authority="C. Presl" authorityName="C. Presl" box="[655,856,233,251]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62A47DA0FCB0FF42" box="[655,791,233,249]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Goniopteris aspera</emphasis> +C.Presl +</taxonomicName> +] ( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC99B6B634C7DA3FC63FF42" box="[871,964,233,251]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[121,129,1777,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1238,164,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-51@25.[125,1239,162,1735]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG.5.A.Menisciopsiscyatheoides,Takeuchi1719 (UC),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.M.boydiae,Baldwin116 (US),habit.C.Menisciopsisrubrinervis,Fawcett716 (VT), pinna,abaxial view.Abacopteris aspera,James 1693 (VT).D. pinna.E.pinna,abaxial view." pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B634C7DA3FC63FF42" bold="true" box="[871,964,233,251]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Figs. 5D, 5E</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B604A7C59FF16FEFD" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B604A7C59FF16FEFD" blockId="32.[97,1231,272,1669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B604A7C59FF6EFE9E" box="[97,201,272,293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</emphasis> +—Gr. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B612F7C59FEE3FE9E" box="[260,324,272,293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">abakos</emphasis> +, abacus + +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B618D7C59FE7DFE9E" box="[422,474,272,293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">pteris</emphasis> +, fern. The venation and sori resemble an abacus, or counting frame; a calculating tool. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B60BA7C18FE65FD5D" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B60BA7C18FE65FD5D" blockId="32.[97,1231,272,1669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +Plants terrestrial, medium to large (> +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC99B6B61D17C18FDBEFEDD" box="[506,537,337,358]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62007C18FD2EFEDD" bold="true" box="[555,649,337,358]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">rhizomes</emphasis> +long-creeping, rarely short-creeping; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63D97C18FB92FEDD" bold="true" box="[1010,1077,337,358]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">fronds</emphasis> +monomorphic, pinnate, erect to ascending; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61407C38FE01FE3D" bold="true" box="[363,422,369,390]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">stipes</emphasis> +stramineous, dull brown, or reddish, with hairy or glabrous brown linear-lanceolate scales on stipe bases and rhizomes; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B619E7CD9FE50FE1E" bold="true" box="[437,503,400,421]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">blades</emphasis> +membranaceous to chartaceous, drying green, each with conform or rarely subconform terminal pinna ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B615E7CF9FE7DFE7E" box="[373,474,432,453]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B615E7CF9FE7DFE7E" box="[373,474,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. hirtisora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +) and no proliferous buds, proximal pinnae not or only slightly reduced; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B64A87CF8FB6EFE7D" bold="true" box="[1155,1225,433,454]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">pinnae</emphasis> +entire to crenate or shallowly lobed <1/3 to costae ( +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B627B7C99FD10FE5E" box="[592,695,464,485]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B627B7C99FD10FE5E" box="[592,695,464,485]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. hirtisora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), bases cuneate or truncate, sessile or short-petiolulate; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B604A7CB8FF30FDBD" bold="true" box="[97,151,497,518]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">veins</emphasis> +prominent abaxially, many pairs anastomosing between secondary veins (costules), with excurrent included veinlet, or continuous excurrent vein that is usually straight (occasionally zig-zag), costae adaxially grooved; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B604A7F79FF75FDFE" bold="true" box="[97,210,560,581]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">aerophores</emphasis> +present as darkened swellings at pinna bases; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62BF7F78FCFBFDFD" bold="true" box="[660,860,561,582]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">indument abaxially</emphasis> +of hairs on and between veins, sometimes grading into small clear stipitate glands; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62067F18FD5FFDDD" bold="true" box="[557,760,593,614]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">indument adaxially</emphasis> +of hyaline, unicellular, acicular hairs on costae and veins; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60E77F39FE83FD3E" bold="true" box="[204,292,624,645]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">pustules</emphasis> +absent or sometimes present on adaxial lamina; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63277F38FC93FD3D" bold="true" box="[780,820,625,646]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">sori</emphasis> +round, medial, rarely coalescent (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B649F7F39FEAEFD1E" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnopteridifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B649F7F39FEAEFD1E" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. gymnopteridifrons</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +), indusiate or exindusiate, indusia light brown and hairy when present (e.g., +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B63D37FD9FBE8FD1E" box="[1016,1103,656,677]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63D37FD9FBE8FD1E" box="[1016,1103,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. aspera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B64487FD8FB6FFD1D" bold="true" box="[1123,1224,657,678]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">sporangia</emphasis> +usually setulose, rarely glabrous; +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61897FF9FE43FD7E" bold="true" box="[418,484,688,709]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">spores</emphasis> +light brown or black, in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62FE7FF9FC8BFD7E" box="[725,812,688,709]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62FE7FF9FC8BFD7E" box="[725,812,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. aspera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with fimbriate crests ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B642D7FF8FBD0FD7D" author="Patel" box="[1030,1143,689,710]" firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel 2019a</bibRefCitation> +); +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B64A37FF9FB34FD7E" box="[1160,1171,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">x</emphasis> += 36, with diploids and tetraploids known. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B60BA7FB9FF5CFC3D" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B60BA7FB9FF5CFC3D" blockId="32.[97,1231,272,1669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60BA7FB9FED2FCBE" box="[145,373,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +Diagnosis.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B612C7FB9FED2FCBE" box="[263,373,752,773]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62617FB9FD64FCBE" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[586,707,752,773]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62617FB9FD64FCBE" box="[586,707,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC99B6B62EC7FB9FD45FCBE" box="[711,738,752,773]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62EC7FB9FD7BFCBE" box="[711,732,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B63247FB9FC14FCBE" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[783,947,752,773]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63247FB9FC14FCBE" box="[783,947,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by monomorphic fronds and lack of yellow spherical glands on indusia. It is distinguished from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B632F7E59FCC8FC9E" box="[772,879,784,805]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B632F7E59FCC8FC9E" box="[772,879,784,805]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by lack of hamate hairs, and from +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B604A7E79FF70FCFE" box="[97,215,816,837]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B604A7E79FF70FCFE" box="[97,215,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61227E79FED4FCFE" box="[265,371,816,837]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61227E79FED4FCFE" box="[265,371,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Grypothrix</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by sori medial and discrete (rarely coalescent or inframedial), setulose sporangia, and fronds often membranaceous and rarely drying reddish. For complete synonymy, see +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B63A57E18FBB9FCDD" author="Holttum" box="[910,1054,849,870]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="105 - 126" part="20" refId="ref109495" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type="journal article" year="1972">Holttum (1972</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B640D7E18FBC7FCDD" author="Holttum" box="[1062,1120,849,870]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B64427E18FB3EFCDD" author="Holttum" box="[1129,1177,849,870]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) and +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B604A7E38FF5FFC3D" author="Lin" box="[97,248,880,902]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B60BA7ED9FF5BFBDD" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="biology_ecology"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B60BA7ED9FF5BFBDD" blockId="32.[97,1231,272,1669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60BA7ED9FDA0FC1E" box="[145,519,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +Biogeography and ecology.— +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61B17ED9FDA0FC1E" box="[410,519,912,933]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +comprises about 14 species. Most of the species diversity of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B646D7ED9FB14FC1E" box="[1094,1203,912,933]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B646D7ED9FB14FC1E" box="[1094,1203,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is restricted to continental South Asia, at lower elevations up to about +<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC99B6B62CF7EF8FC88FC7E" box="[740,815,944,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity> +. Several species were recently described by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B604A7E98FF5DFC5D" author="Lin" box="[97,250,976,998]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 398" part="4" refId="ref114070" refString="SHING, K. & Y. LIN. 1999. Pteridophyta: Hypodematiaceae, Thelypteridaceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 4: 1 - 398, i-xi." title="Pteridophyta: Hypodematiaceae, Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1999">Lin et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation> +in +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61327E86FE3FFC5F" box="[281,408,975,996]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61327E86FE33FC5F" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[281,404,975,996]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +most of which are narrow endemics in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B633E7E98FCF4FC5D" box="[789,851,977,998]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">China</collectingCountry> +, and known only from the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC99B6B64717E99FB22FC5E" box="[1114,1157,976,997]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus> +collections at PE. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B60FD7EA6FE54FBBF" box="[214,499,1007,1028]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnopteridifrons"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60FD7EA6FE54FBBF" box="[214,499,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris gymnopteridifrons</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is distributed in southern +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B62DC7EB8FC94FBBD" box="[759,819,1009,1030]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">China</collectingCountry> +and the +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B63A27EB8FC5FFBBD" box="[905,1016,1009,1030]" name="Philippines" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Philippines</collectingCountry> +, and the variable and widespread +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B60FF7959FE8DFB9E" box="[212,298,1040,1061]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60FF7959FE8DFB9E" box="[212,298,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. aspera</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +occurs throughout +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B61CD7958FD95FB9D" box="[486,562,1041,1062]" name="Malaysia" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Malesia</collectingCountry> +, northern +<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC99B6B62BD7958FCABFB9D" box="[662,780,1041,1062]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Queensland</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B633F7958FCC9FB9D" box="[788,878,1041,1062]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Australia</collectingCountry> +, and into the Pacific ( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B64127958FB64FB9D" author="Holttum" box="[1081,1219,1041,1062]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +) as far east as +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B60F47978FEA5FBFD" box="[223,258,1073,1094]" name="Fiji" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Fiji</collectingCountry> +. The earliest diverging species in the genus is +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62967979FC83FBFF" box="[701,804,1071,1093]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62967979FC83FBFF" box="[701,804,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. hirtisora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which occurs in +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B63FA7979FBA7FBFE" box="[977,1024,1072,1093]" name="Laos" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Laos</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B64227978FB99FBFD" box="[1033,1086,1073,1094]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">India</collectingCountry> +, and +<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC99B6B645A7978FB6EFBFD" box="[1137,1225,1073,1094]" name="Thailand" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Thailand</collectingCountry> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B604C7918FF56FBDD" author="Lin" box="[103,241,1104,1126]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC99B6B60BA7939FC7EF93E" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B60BA7939FDB7FA5E" blockId="32.[97,1231,272,1669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60BA7939FE46FB3F" box="[145,481,1135,1157]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis> +— +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B61D27938FD2FFB3D" author="Holttum" box="[505,648,1137,1158]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B62BA7938FD66FB3D" author="Holttum" box="[657,705,1137,1158]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation> +) treated +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B633C7926FC23FB3F" box="[791,900,1135,1156]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B633C7926FC23FB3F" box="[791,900,1135,1156]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +as a synonym of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B64077926FB03FB3F" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[1068,1188,1135,1156]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B64077926FB03FB3F" box="[1068,1188,1135,1156]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, an earlier name. However, the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC99B6B615879D9FE38FB1E" box="[371,415,1168,1189]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B619479C6FD9DFB1F" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[447,570,1167,1188]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B619479C6FD9DFB1F" box="[447,570,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B626C79D9FD16FB1F" box="[583,689,1167,1189]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineatum"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B626C79D9FD16FB1F" box="[583,689,1167,1189]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">P. lineatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, shares many morphological features (e.g., dimorphic fronds, indusia with spherical yellow glands) with members of Holttum’s +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B631A79E6FBD1FB7F" box="[817,1142,1199,1221]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Dimorphopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B631A79E6FC0CFB7F" box="[817,939,1199,1220]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63C879E6FBD1FB7F" box="[995,1142,1199,1220]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and we believe it is allied more closely to those taxa than to the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC99B6B625B7999FD3CFB5E" box="[624,667,1232,1253]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus> +of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B629C7986FC83FB5F" box="[695,804,1231,1252]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B629C7986FC83FB5F" box="[695,804,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. In our view, the best solution is to resurrect the genus +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B60E079A6FE99FABF" box="[203,318,1263,1284]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B60E079A6FE99FABF" box="[203,318,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and recognize a newly circumscribed +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62FF79A6FCF4FABF" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[724,851,1263,1284]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62FF79A6FCF4FABF" box="[724,851,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, corresponding closely to Holttum’s +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B604A7846FE4DFA9D" box="[97,490,1295,1318]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Dimorphopteris"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B604A7846FF7DFA9F" box="[97,218,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B613A7846FE04FA9F" box="[273,419,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Dimorphopteris</emphasis> +(1982) +</taxonomicName> +. Our current circumscription of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B63037846FC32FA9F" box="[808,917,1295,1316]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63037846FC32FA9F" box="[808,917,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +includes members of Holttum’s +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B604A7866FE71FAFD" authority="sect. Pronephrium" box="[97,470,1327,1350]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pronephrium"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B604A7866FF7BFAFF" box="[97,220,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sect. +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B613E7866FE37FAFF" box="[277,400,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +(1972) +</taxonomicName> +and also some taxa he treated in sect. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B637C7879FBD6FAFD" authority="(Holttum 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[855,1137,1328,1350]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B637C7879FC69FAFE" box="[855,974,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Menisciopsis</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B63F07878FBCEFAFD" author="Holttum" box="[987,1129,1329,1350]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. We also include here two species previously treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62167806FD4DFADF" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[573,746,1359,1380]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62167806FD4DFADF" box="[573,746,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62D07819FBA8FADF" box="[763,1039,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62D07819FCCAFADF" box="[763,877,1359,1381]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirtisora">A. hirtisora</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B63537819FBA8FADF" box="[888,1039,1359,1381]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peltochlamys">A. peltochlamys</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +). One of these, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B649F7819FF70FA3F" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peltochlamys"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B649F7819FF70FA3F" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">A. peltochlamys</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, was originally recognized in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61DD7826FDC4FA3F" box="[502,611,1391,1412]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61DD7826FDC4FA3F" box="[502,611,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B62AF7838FCBDFA3D" author="Holttum" box="[644,794,1393,1414]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Government Printing Office, Singapore" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" refId="ref109405" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1954. A revised flora of Malaya. Vol. II. Ferns of Malaya. Government Printing Office, Singapore." title="A revised flora of Malaya. Vol. II. Ferns of Malaya" type="book" year="1954">Holttum (1954)</bibRefCitation> +but was later transferred to +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B640F7826FF5FFA1D" authority="(Holttum 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B640F7826FB6FFA3F" box="[1060,1224,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B604C78D8FF56FA1D" author="Holttum" box="[103,241,1425,1446]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. This species is unusual in having 2–4 pairs of proximal pinnae abruptly much reduced, and sporangia bearing stipitate glands. For further discussion on the treatment of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62D778E6FBA9FA7D" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[764,1038,1455,1478]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62D778E6FCD1FA7F" box="[764,886,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +sensu Holttum +</taxonomicName> +and our recircumscription, see our description of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61B97886FDACFA5F" authorityName="sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear="1982" box="[402,523,1487,1508]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61B97886FDACFA5F" box="[402,523,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pronephrium</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC99B6B60A478B9FC7EF93E" blockId="32.[97,1231,272,1669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +In the +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B60E778B9FED6F9BE" box="[204,369,1520,1541]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName> +phylogeny (Fawcett et al. in press) +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B629278A6FC81F9BF" box="[697,806,1519,1540]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B629278A6FC81F9BF" box="[697,806,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Abacopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a member of the pseudocyclosoroid clade, sister to a clade that includes all sampled members of +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62447B46FCA8F99F" box="[623,783,1551,1572]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62447B46FCA8F99F" box="[623,783,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B636B7B59FC1FF99E" box="[832,952,1552,1573]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B636B7B59FC1FF99E" box="[832,952,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Trigonospora</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, in addition to African taxa recently treated in +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61397B66FE11F9FF" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[274,438,1583,1604]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61397B66FE11F9FF" box="[274,438,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61EB7B66FDBDF9FF" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[448,538,1583,1604]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61EB7B66FDBDF9FF" box="[448,538,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B62667B79FD79F9FE" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[589,734,1584,1605]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B62667B79FD79F9FE" box="[589,734,1584,1605]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Pneumatopteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +by +<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC99B6B62D57B79FC3BF9FE" author="Holttum" box="[766,924,1584,1605]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="32" pageNumber="22" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation> +but distantly related to the +<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC99B6B64B57B79FB6DF9FE" box="[1182,1226,1584,1605]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus> +species of those genera. +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B616A7B06FE6BF9DF" box="[321,460,1615,1636]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B616A7B06FE6BF9DF" box="[321,460,1615,1636]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Amblovenatum</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B61D37B06FDF5F9DF" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[504,594,1615,1636]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B61D37B06FDF5F9DF" box="[504,594,1615,1636]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Christella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC99B6B627C7B19FDD5F9DE" box="[599,626,1616,1637]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" sensu="stricto"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B627C7B19FDCBF9DE" box="[599,620,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">s.s</emphasis> +. +</taxonomicNameLabel> +also fall within the pseudocyclosoroid clade, and are part of the larger christelloid clade, that also includes the sphaerostephanoids and +<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC99B6B632D7B26FC2DF93F" box="[774,906,1647,1668]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B632D7B26FC2DF93F" box="[774,906,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Strophocaulon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC99B6B63BC7B39FC6CF93E" box="[919,971,1648,1669]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." pageId="32" pageNumber="22"> +<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC99B6B63BC7B39FC6CF93E" bold="true" box="[919,971,1648,1669]" pageId="32" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1</emphasis> +</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</paragraph> +</keyStep> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A9/73/AA/A973AA7E8072FFD4FEDAED9E096106ED.xml b/data/A9/73/AA/A973AA7E8072FFD4FEDAED9E096106ED.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6eef90b3237 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A9/73/AA/A973AA7E8072FFD4FEDAED9E096106ED.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1464 @@ +<document id="82B14C7DE902423256111096E12FDD35" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a28" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14075904" ID-ZooBank="10CCB38D-7D5B-47E3-865D-B220412F1BD3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" 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pageNumber="725"> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38072FFD9FEDAED9E0A0302D9" box="[335,572,965,991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FEDAED9E0A0302D9" blockId="4.[335,572,965,1022]" box="[335,572,965,991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<heading id="7A2DAC048072FFD9FEDAED9E0A0302D9" box="[335,572,965,991]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" reason="2"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8072FFD9FEDAED9E09C502D9" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[335,506,965,991]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FEDAED9E09C502D9" bold="true" box="[335,506,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Gieysztoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018072FFD9FD94ED9E0A0302D9" box="[513,572,965,991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</heading> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38072FFD9FE00EDBF0AD40535" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="description"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FE00EDBF09C202F8" blockId="4.[335,572,965,1022]" box="[405,509,996,1022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FE09EDBF09CB02F8" box="[412,500,996,1022]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="4.[813,824,1382,1400]" captionStartId-1="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionStartId-2="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionStartId-3="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox-0="[813,1453,215,1337]" captionTargetBox-1="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetBox-2="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetBox-3="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId-0="figure-614@4.[813,1456,215,1340]" captionTargetId-1="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId-3="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — Study area:A, geographical location (● Reta locality);B, sampling site." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." captionText-3="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075906" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14075906/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Figs 1-4</figureCitation> +) +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF35EA7A0AD40535" blockId="4.[160,747,1057,1075]" box="[160,747,1057,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<uri id="554B176A8072FFD9FF35EA7A0AD40535" box="[160,747,1057,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +<uuid id="557C21BD8072FFD9FEFCEA7A0AD40535" box="[361,747,1057,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">4822C132-297D-49A3-BC35-4D496B2481E2</uuid> +</uri> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38072FFD9FF11EA080AE3041B" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF11EA080AF5056C" blockId="4.[132,714,1106,1130]" box="[132,714,1106,1130]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF11EA08088A056E" baselines="1124,1124" box="[132,181,1107,1130]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<collectionCode id="47CB83AD8072FFD9FF11EA08088A056E" box="[132,181,1107,1130]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">TYPE</collectionCode> +</smallCapsWord> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF29EA030928056F" baselines="1125" box="[188,279,1112,1129]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<collectionCode id="47CB83AD8072FFD9FF29EA030928056F" box="[188,279,1112,1129]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">LOCALITY</collectionCode> +</smallCapsWord> +. — +<collectingCountry id="59CD5BF88072FFD9FED6EA090999056C" box="[323,422,1106,1130]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Argentina</collectingCountry> +, +<collectingRegion id="E31ED58A8072FFD9FE25EA080AB2056C" box="[432,653,1106,1130]" country="Argentina" name="Buenos Aires" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Buenos Aires Province</collectingRegion> +, Reta. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF11EADA0A9405EE" blockId="4.[132,775,1152,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF11EADA088A0590" baselines="1170,1170" box="[132,181,1153,1176]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<collectionCode id="47CB83AD8072FFD9FF11EADA088A0590" box="[132,181,1153,1176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">TYPE</collectionCode> +</smallCapsWord> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF2FEADD09280591" baselines="1171" box="[186,279,1158,1175]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<collectionCode id="47CB83AD8072FFD9FF2FEADD09280591" box="[186,279,1158,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">MATERIAL</collectionCode> +</smallCapsWord> +. — +<materialsCitation id="91B211358072FFD9FEAAEADB0A9405EE" collectingDate="2019-02-02" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" collectorName="Adami M. L." country="Argentina" elevation="16" latitude="-38.90167" location="Reta" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-60.35111" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Buenos Aires" typeStatus="holotype"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FEAAEADB09A3059E" bold="true" box="[319,412,1152,1176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<typeStatus id="FE61A5CA8072FFD9FEAAEADB09A3059E" box="[319,412,1152,1176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FE32EAD90A36059C" bold="true" box="[423,521,1154,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<collectingCountry id="59CD5BF88072FFD9FE32EAD90A36059C" box="[423,521,1154,1178]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Argentina</collectingCountry> +</emphasis> +• +<location id="24054DB38072FFD9FD89EADA0A75059E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A973AA7E8072FFD4FEDAED9E096106ED:24054DB38072FFD9FD89EADA0A75059E" box="[540,586,1153,1176]" country="Argentina" latitude="-38.90167" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-60.35111" name="Reta" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" stateProvince="Buenos Aires">Reta</location> +, +<collectingRegion id="E31ED58A8072FFD9FDC6EADA089005B5" country="Argentina" name="Buenos Aires" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Buenos Aires Province</collectingRegion> +, natural wetland close to a dune field; +<geoCoordinate id="44EE7DAF8072FFD9FD8DEAC00AB405B5" box="[536,651,1179,1203]" degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-38.90167">38°54’06”S</geoCoordinate> +, +<geoCoordinate id="44EE7DAF8072FFD9FD06EAC00B3E05B5" box="[659,769,1179,1203]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" precision="15" seconds="4" value="-60.35111">60°21’4”W</geoCoordinate> +; +<elevation id="AAF7FC5B8072FFD9FF11EAEE08CF05CB" box="[132,240,1205,1229]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" unit="m" value="16.0"> +<quantity id="E622B68D8072FFD9FF11EAEE088505CB" box="[132,186,1205,1229]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity> +a.s.l. +</elevation> +; +<date id="55643DA88072FFD9FF68EAEE096105CB" box="[253,350,1205,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" value="2019-02-02"> +<collectingDate id="4520C4408072FFD9FF68EAEE096105CB" box="[253,350,1205,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" value="2019-02-02">2.II.2019</collectingDate> +</date> +; +<collectorName id="8C2F7EBE8072FFD9FEFFEAEE09D005CB" box="[362,495,1205,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Adami M. 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L." country="Argentina" elevation="16" latitude="-38.90167" location="Reta" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-60.35111" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Buenos Aires" typeStatus="paratype"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FF11EAB108DB0404" bold="true" box="[132,228,1258,1282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<typeStatus id="FE61A5CA8072FFD9FF11EAB108DB0404" box="[132,228,1258,1282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus> +</emphasis> +. +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FF64EAB7096B0402" bold="true" box="[241,340,1260,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<collectingCountry id="59CD5BF88072FFD9FF64EAB7096B0402" box="[241,340,1260,1284]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Argentina</collectingCountry> +</emphasis> +• 8 whole mounts in polyvinyl-lactophenol; same data as for holotype; +<collectorName id="8C2F7EBE8072FFD9FE1DEB5F0A37041A" box="[392,520,1284,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Adami M. L.</collectorName> +leg.; MLP-He, 8021 +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38072FFD9FF11EB680A420463" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="description"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF11EB680A420463" blockId="4.[132,775,1331,1381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<typeStatus id="FE61A5CA8072FFD9FF11EB68090F044F" box="[132,304,1331,1355]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF11EB6808F4044E" baselines="1349,1348" box="[132,203,1331,1355]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Other" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">OTHER</smallCapsWord> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF47EB63090F044F" baselines="1349" box="[210,304,1336,1353]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord> +</typeStatus> +. — +<materialsCitation id="91B211358072FFD9FECEEB6F0A460463" collectingDate="2019-02-02" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" collectorName="Adami M. L." country="Argentina" elevation="16" latitude="-38.90167" location="Reta" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-60.35111" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Buenos Aires"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FECEEB6F0981044A" bold="true" box="[347,446,1332,1356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<collectingCountry id="59CD5BF88072FFD9FECEEB6F0981044A" box="[347,446,1332,1356]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Argentina</collectingCountry> +</emphasis> +• +<specimenCount id="37DCD0E18072FFD9FE41EB680A75044D" box="[468,586,1331,1355]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount> +preserved in 100% ethanol; same data as for holotype; MLP-He, 8022 +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<caption id="75A54BE08072FFD9FCB8EB3D0D89047E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14075906" box="[813,1462,1381,1400]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075906/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" startId="4.[813,824,1382,1400]" targetBox="[813,1453,215,1337]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FCB8EB3D0D89047E" blockId="4.[813,1462,1381,1400]" box="[813,1462,1381,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FCB8EB3D0B7A0470" baselines="1395,1395" box="[813,837,1382,1400]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">FIG</smallCapsWord> +. 1. — Study area: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FC4EEB3D0BD7047E" bold="true" box="[987,1000,1382,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">A</emphasis> +, geographical location (● Reta locality); +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8072FFD9FAB8EB3D0D05047E" bold="true" box="[1325,1338,1382,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">B</emphasis> +, sampling site. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38072FFD9FF11EB27093F04A8" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF11EB27093F04A8" blockId="4.[132,774,1403,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF11EB27093D0494" baselines="1421,1422" box="[132,258,1404,1427]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord> +. — Name refers to the geographic area where the species lives. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38072FFD9FF11EB9F0A9407A9" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF11EB9F0A9407A9" blockId="4.[131,777,1476,1711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF11EB9F08CE04DC" baselines="1493,1494" box="[132,241,1476,1499]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord> +. — A small, complex stylet, 50-75 Μm long, with a proximal fenestrate fibrous girdle and distally with four sets of spines: 1) the largest, robust, ventral fang-shaped spine slightly curved toward the center and proximately grooved; 2) a shorter ventral fang-shaped spine; 3) a dorsal group of seven to eight fine spines arranged as bristles; and 4) a group of 12 to 13 dorsal hollow, broad-based spines of different lengths, arranged in three rows, forming a fan shape. Copulatory bursa with two cavities separated by incomplete septum. Uterus with a conspicuous bend. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38072FFD8FF11E8890D7F03F6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="726" pageId="4" pageNumber="725" type="description"> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF11E889092A07EC" blockId="4.[130,775,1746,2027]" box="[132,277,1746,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48072FFD9FF11E889092A07EC" baselines="1765,1765" box="[132,277,1746,1772]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FF11E8A90A1906ED" blockId="4.[130,775,1746,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +Living adult specimens up to 500 Μm long and 260 Μm wide ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FF1FE94908E5062A" box="[138,218,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Fig. 2A</figureCitation> +); mature fixed adult specimens approximately 336 Μm to 600 Μm (n =11) long, and 175 Μm to 234 Μm (n =11) wide ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FF1FE90A08E5066A" box="[138,218,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Fig. 2B</figureCitation> +). Body oval, rounded at the anterior end and tapering towards the posterior end. Overall colour light brown with two pigmented black eyes (ey). Pharynx doliformis (ph): 135 Μm to 150 Μm long and 112 Μm to 150 Μm wide (n= 10), with prepharyngeal cavity (pp) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FE32E98A0A2606ED" box="[423,537,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FCD6EB880BCB076A" blockId="4.[811,1457,1491,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +Body wall musculature with an outer layer of circular muscles fibers (cm) and diagonal muscles fibers (dm). Inner longitudinal muscle fibers not observed in the stacks. Cellular epidermis about 5 Μm, with cilia (c) of approximately 6 Μm ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FCE0E8090BD8076A" box="[885,999,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688072FFD9FCD6E8290C1006ED" blockId="4.[811,1457,1491,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="725"> +Male reproductive system, testes (t) ventro-lateral, paired, 75 Μm long in caudal half of the body. Testes and copulatory organ connected by vasa deferentia (vd) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FA89E8E90D4B07CA" box="[1308,1396,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Figs 3C</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FA15E8E90D9B07CA" box="[1408,1444,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">4A</figureCitation> +). Copulatory organ on the middle axis in three individuals, and on the right side of the body in other specimens. Seminal vesicle (sv) oval, 57 Μm long and 36 Μm wide, with muscular wall (svm), posteriorly connected with prostatic vesicle (pv) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FCA1E90A0B97066A" box="[820,936,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Figs 2B, C</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FC27E9090BC6066A" box="[946,1017,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">3C, D</figureCitation> +). Prostatic vesicle 29 Μm long and 18 Μm wide, with at least four accessory glands (ag) arranged as elongated sacs reaching the stylet girdle ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FB21E9CA0D3306AD" box="[1204,1292,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Figs 2C</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FA82E9CA0D0206AD" box="[1303,1341,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">3D</figureCitation> +). Prostatic vesicle anterior to ejaculatory duct (ed) which runs inside the sclerotic stylet ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8072FFD9FC44E98A0C1C06ED" box="[977,1059,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="725">Fig. 3F</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="75A54BE08073FFD8FE55EE800C4901EB" ID-Table-UUID="75A54BE08073FFD8FE55EE800C4901EB" box="[448,1142,219,237]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/75A54BE08073FFD8FE55EE800C4901EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" startId="5.[448,459,219,237]" targetBox="[134,1438,294,545]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FE55EE800C4901EB" blockId="5.[448,1142,219,237]" box="[448,1142,219,237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48073FFD8FE55EE8009D201EA" baselines="232,233" box="[448,493,219,237]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">TABLE</smallCapsWord> +1. — Main stylet features of +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FD48EE800B6301EB" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[733,860,219,237]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FD48EE800B6301EB" box="[733,860,219,237]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Gieysztoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FCF7EE800BAD01EB" box="[866,914,219,237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +and others similar species. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FDE7EF7D0D090327" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<table id="53DAE9C880730022FF13EF7D0DA10327" box="[134,1438,294,545]" gridcols="6" gridrows="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EF7D0DA1003C" box="[134,1438,294,314]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rowspan-5="1"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EF7D0A82003C" box="[134,701,294,314]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FDE7EF7D0A86003C" bold="true" box="[626,697,294,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Length</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FD47EF7D0B69003C" box="[722,854,294,314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FD47EF7D0B02003C" bold="true" box="[722,829,294,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Number of</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FCE9EF7D0C99003C" box="[892,1190,294,314]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCE9EF7D0C99003C" bold="true" box="[892,1190,294,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Number of groupsFenestra in</emphasis> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EF1B0DA10052" box="[134,1438,320,340]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EF1B0A680052" box="[134,599,320,340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EF1B09580052" bold="true" box="[134,359,320,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Species of +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF63EF1B09580052" authorityName="Ruebush & Hayes" authorityYear="1939" box="[246,359,320,340]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF63EF1B09580052" bold="true" box="[246,359,320,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Gieysztoria</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</th> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD14EF1B0A820052" box="[641,701,320,340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FD14EF1B0A920052" bold="true" box="[641,685,320,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">(μm)</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD47EF1B0B690052" box="[722,854,320,340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FD47EF1B0B690052" bold="true" box="[722,854,320,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">single spines</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FCE9EF1B0BD80052" box="[892,999,320,340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FC1EEF1B0BD80052" bold="true" box="[907,999,320,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">of spines</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FBD1EF1B0C990052" box="[1092,1190,320,340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FBD1EF1B0C9C0052" bold="true" box="[1092,1187,320,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">the girdle</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FB2EEF1B0DA10052" box="[1211,1438,320,340]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB2EEF1B0D100052" bold="true" box="[1211,1327,320,340]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">References</emphasis> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EF380DA1007E" box="[134,1438,355,376]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EF380A68007E" box="[134,599,355,376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF13EF3808F9007E" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,198,355,376]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EF3808F9007E" box="[134,198,355,376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FF59EF3F093D007E" box="[204,258,356,376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</th> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD14EF380A82007E" box="[641,701,355,376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">50-75</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD47EF380B69007E" box="[722,854,355,376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">2</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FCE9EF380BD8007E" box="[892,999,355,376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">1</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FBD1EF380C99007E" box="[1092,1190,355,376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">yes</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FB2EEF380DA1007E" box="[1211,1438,355,376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">This study</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EF270DA10096" box="[134,1438,380,400]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EF270A680096" box="[134,599,380,400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF13EF27098A0096" authority="Reyes & Brusa, 2021" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[134,437,380,400]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EF2708D70096" box="[134,232,380,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FF7BEF27098A0096" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." box="[238,437,380,400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021">Reyes & Brusa, 2021</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD14EF270A820096" box="[641,701,380,400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">34.2</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD47EF270B690096" box="[722,854,380,400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FCE9EF270BD80096" box="[892,999,380,400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">2</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FBD1EF270C990096" box="[1092,1190,380,400]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">yes</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FB2EEF270DA10096" box="[1211,1438,380,400]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FB2EEF270D610096" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." box="[1211,1374,380,400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021"> +Reyes +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB69EF270D140096" box="[1276,1323,380,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">et al.</emphasis> +2021 +</bibRefCitation> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EFCF0DA100AE" box="[134,1438,404,424]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EFCF0A6800AE" box="[134,599,404,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF13EFCF0A7A00AE" authority="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena, 2008" authorityName="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena" authorityYear="2008" box="[134,581,404,424]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="matilde"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EFCF08D700AE" box="[134,232,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. matilde</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FF78EFCF0A7A00AE" author="BRUSA F. & DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C." box="[237,581,404,424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref7532" refString="BRUSA F., DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C. 2008. - " Dalyellioida " (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from the Rio de la Plata estuary in Argentina, with the description of two new species of Gieysztoria. 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Zoological Science 24: 803 - 810. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 24.803" type="journal article" year="2007"> +Damborenea +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAAEEFF70D5500C6" box="[1339,1386,428,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">et al.</emphasis> +2007 +</bibRefCitation> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EF9F0DA100DE" box="[134,1438,452,472]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EF9F0A6800DE" box="[134,599,452,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF13EF9F0A6800DE" authority="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena, 2005" authorityName="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena" authorityYear="2005" box="[134,599,452,472]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kasasapa"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EF9F08C500DE" box="[134,250,452,472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. kasasapa</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FF6AEF9F0A6800DE" author="DAMBORENEA C. & BRUSA F. & NORENA C." box="[255,599,452,472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1319 - 1329" refId="ref7425" refString="DAMBORENEA C., BRUSA F. & NORENA C. 2005. - New Species of Gieysztoria (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from Peruvian Amazon Floodplain with description of their Stylet Ultrastructure. 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Zoological Science 22: 1319 - 1329. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 22.1319" type="journal article" year="2005"> +Damborenea +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAAEEF9F0D5500DE" box="[1339,1386,452,472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">et al.</emphasis> +2005 +</bibRefCitation> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EF870DA100F7" box="[134,1438,476,497]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EF870A6800F7" box="[134,599,476,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF13EF8709A700F7" authority="(Marcus, 1946)" authorityName="Inaequales (Fenestratae" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,408,476,497]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="therapaina"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EF87093900F7" box="[134,262,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. therapaina</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FE84EF8609AC00F7" author="MARCUS E." box="[273,403,477,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD14EF870A8200F7" box="[641,701,476,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">33</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD47EF870B6900F7" box="[722,854,476,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">1</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FCE9EF870BD800F7" box="[892,999,476,497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FBD1EF870C9900F7" box="[1092,1190,476,497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">yes</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FB2EEF870DA100F7" box="[1211,1438,476,497]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FB2EEF860D0800F7" author="MARCUS E." box="[1211,1335,477,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus 1946</bibRefCitation> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EFAE0DA1030F" box="[134,1438,501,521]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EFAE0A68030F" box="[134,599,501,521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF13EFAE0988030F" authority="(Fuhrmann, 1914)" authorityName="Inaequales (Aberrantes" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[134,439,501,521]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complicata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EFAE0935030F" box="[134,266,501,521]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. complicata</emphasis> +(Fuhrmann, 1914) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD14EFAE0A82030F" box="[641,701,501,521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">100</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD47EFAE0B69030F" box="[722,854,501,521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">2</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FCE9EFAE0BD8030F" box="[892,999,501,521]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">2</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FBD1EFAE0C99030F" box="[1092,1190,501,521]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">no</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FB2EEFAE0DA1030F" box="[1211,1438,501,521]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FB2EEFAE0D09030F" author="MARCUS E." box="[1211,1334,501,521]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus 1946</bibRefCitation> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A80730022FF13EC560DA10327" box="[134,1438,525,545]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<th id="DC3B705680730022FF13EC560A680327" box="[134,599,525,545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FF13EC5609BF0327" authority="(Marcus, 1946)" authorityName="Inaequales (Fenestratae" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,384,525,545]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intricata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FF13EC5608D20327" box="[134,237,525,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. intricata</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FF6DEC5609440327" author="MARCUS E." box="[248,379,525,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD14EC560A820327" box="[641,701,525,545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">120</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FD47EC560B690327" box="[722,854,525,545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">1</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FCE9EC560BD80327" box="[892,999,525,545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FBD1EC560C990327" box="[1092,1190,525,545]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">yes</td> +<td id="DC3B705680730022FB2EEC560DA10327" box="[1211,1438,525,545]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FB2EEC560D090327" author="MARCUS E." box="[1211,1334,525,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus 1946</bibRefCitation> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FF0EEC2D0AC60408" blockId="5.[130,777,630,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Stylet (st) about 50-75 Μm (n= 11) long, and 40-69 Μm (n= 11) wide. Proximal portion: fibrous girdle 40-60 Μm (n= 4) wide and 17-21 Μm (n= 4) long, with dorsal discontinuity about 18 Μm wide, and circular fenestra (f) traversed by few fibers ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FEB5ECAE09440209" box="[288,379,757,783]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Fig. 2D</figureCitation> +). Distal portion with four different sets of spines of variable shape and size. Two large, single ventral spines (s1 and s2). S1, on the ventral side of stylet, the largest, robust fang-shaped spine, 27-38 Μm (n=5) long, slightly curved toward male genital atrium. Proximally fibrous and grooved, and distally inserted in a cavity (ic) connected with male atrium ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FEC5EDEE099502C9" box="[336,426,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 2D</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE23EDEE09E702C9" box="[438,472,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3E</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE76EDEE0A1A02C9" box="[483,549,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4A, B</figureCitation> +). S2 shorter than s1, also ventral, 20 Μm long, fang-shaped, similar to s1( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FD31ED8F0B3D02E9" box="[676,770,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 2D</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FF17EDAE08990509" box="[130,166,1013,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4B</figureCitation> +). Opposite to s1 and s2, there is a dorsal group of seven or eight fine spines arranged like the bristles of a paintbrush (s3) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FF28EA6F09250548" box="[189,282,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 2D</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FEBDEA6F09730548" box="[296,332,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4B</figureCitation> +). Also dorsal, but on the opposite side, group of 12 or 13 hollow spines with broad bases arranged in three rows, forming a fan shape (s4) with variable length: shorter at both ends, and longer in the center of the fan, 13 and 26 Μm long, respectively ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE44EAEF0A1305C8" box="[465,556,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 2D</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FDADEAEF0ABE05C8" box="[568,641,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3C, D</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FD1BEAEF0A8E05C8" box="[654,689,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4B</figureCitation> +). Distal part of stylet anterior to male genital atrium (ma), which enters the common genital atrium (cga) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FDDCEAA80AB50408" box="[585,650,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 3</figureCitation> +C-E; 4A). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FF0EEB480A2307CA" blockId="5.[130,777,630,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Female reproductive system, ovary single (ov), at least 60 Μm long, posterior and dorsal to the intestine, located on the left side ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE85EB0809BB046B" box="[272,388,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation> +). Vitellaria (vi) extended dorsally in the center region of the body ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE5AEB280A7B0488" box="[463,580,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 2A, B</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FDC5EB280A4D048B" box="[592,626,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3B</figureCitation> +). Vitelloduct, female duct and seminal receptacle not observed. Single yellowish shelled egg (e) about 160 Μm long (n= 8) carried in uterus ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FF60EB88095304EB" box="[245,364,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 2A, B</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FEECEB88098104EB" box="[377,446,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3B, C</figureCitation> +). Uterine bend (ub) caudal to uterus. Large, globular, conspicuous, 50 Μm long and 30 Μm wide, associated by means of muscle fibers with copulatory bursa (cb) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE91E8690967074B" box="[260,344,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Fig. 3B</figureCitation> +), opening into common genital atrium (cga) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FF5EE809097B076A" box="[203,324,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation> +). Common genital atrium surrounded by circular muscle fibers (cma) and to a lesser extent by longitudinal muscle fibers (lma) continuous with muscle fibers of male genital atrium ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FEF0E8E909DF07CB" box="[357,480,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 3C, D</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE79E8E90A2F07CA" box="[492,528,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4A</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FF0EE8890C4F03B6" blockId="5.[130,777,630,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1456,630,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Copulatory bursa 57 Μm long and 34 Μm wide (n= 2), dorsal to common genital atrium, opening into it through a ductus. Bursa with two cavities (b1 and b2) separated by an incomplete septum (s). Content observed inside both cavities ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FEB6E90A0943066A" box="[291,380,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" captionTargetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-220@6.[124,1464,216,1511]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, C, D, specimens viewed under compound microscope: A, living specimen whole mount; B, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; C, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; D, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; cb, copulatory bursa; e, egg; ey, eye; f, fenestra; i, intestine; ph, pharynx; pp, prepharyngeal cavity; pv, prostate vesicle; st, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of shorter hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 2B</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE1DE90909EC066A" box="[392,467,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">3C, D</figureCitation> +). Proximal cavity (b1) with muscular wall with strong circular fibers (cmb1) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FD3FE92A0B3D068D" box="[682,770,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 3B</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FF11E9CA089606AD" box="[132,169,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4A</figureCitation> +). Single thick muscular fiber extending from b1 wall (sfb1) to anterior end ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FEEEE9EA09EC06CD" box="[379,467,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 3C</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FE4BE9EA0A3C06CD" box="[478,515,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4A</figureCitation> +). Distal cavity (b2) with strong outer circular muscle fibers (cmb2) and fine inner longitudinal muscle fibers (lmb2) connecting with ductus communis ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FC27ECCD0C0D03B6" box="[946,1074,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 3C, D</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FBABECCD0C5C03B6" box="[1086,1123,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4A</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FCD6ECED0D7F03F6" blockId="5.[813,1456,630,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Common gonopore (gp) ventral, with four circular muscle fibers forming a sphincter (scm) ( +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FB06EC8E0D3B03F6" box="[1171,1284,725,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[228,1362,215,1781]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Gieysztoria reta n. sp. CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: A, B, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; C-F, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images A, B and C-F correspond to two different specimens. Numbers 1-4 indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; dashed lines outline the vitellaria area. Continuous arrow indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. Dashed arrow indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cb, copulatory bursa; cga, common genital atrium; cm, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; dm, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; ep, epidermis; gp, gonopore; i, intestine; ic, insertion cavity of s1 spine; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pv, prostate vesicle; s, septum; sv, seminal vesicle; svm, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; s4, group of dorsal hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Figs 3E, F</figureCitation> +; +<figureCitation id="B9E107ED8073FFD8FA84EC8D0D0A03F6" box="[1297,1333,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" captionTargetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" captionTargetId="graphics-23@8.[153,1181,215,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of Gieysztoria reta n. sp.: A, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; B, penis stylet from the holotype, blue (s1), pink (s2), yellow (s3) and green (s4). Abbreviations: ag, accessory glands; b1, copulatory bursa cavity 1; b2, copulatory bursa cavity 2; c, cilia; cga, common genital atrium; cma, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; cmb1, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; cmb2, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; e, egg; ed, ejaculatory duct; f, fenestra; gp, gonopore; ma, male genital atrium; lma, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; lmb2, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; ov, ovary; pv, prostate vesicle; sfb1, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; scm, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; sv, seminal vesicle; s1, largest spine; s2, large spine; s3, group of fine short spines; s4, group of hollow spines; t, testes; ub, uterus bend; vd, vasa deferentia; vi, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">4A</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38073FFD8FCB8ED4D0CCD06EA" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" type="discussion"> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FCB8ED4D0BAE0228" blockId="5.[810,1458,790,2028]" box="[813,913,790,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48073FFD8FCB8ED4D0BAE0228" baselines="809,809" box="[813,913,790,816]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">REMARKS</smallCapsWord> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FCB8ED6E0C7402A9" blockId="5.[810,1458,790,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Regarding stylet morphology, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FBFDED6D0D3A0249" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1128,1285,822,848]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FBFDED6D0D3A0249" box="[1128,1285,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Gieysztoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FA9FED6D0D7D0256" box="[1290,1346,822,848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +has spines of different shapes and sizes and a circular opening (fenestra) in the girdle, so it belongs to the Inaqueales Group, subgroup Fenestratae ( +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FC26EDCE0C0302B6" author="LUTHER A." box="[947,1084,917,944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 337" refId="ref7800" refString="LUTHER A. 1955. - Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela), eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1 - 337." type="journal article" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FCD6EDEE0C79072A" blockId="5.[810,1458,790,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Considering stylet morphology, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FB09EDEE0CDB02C8" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1180,1252,949,975]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB09EDEE0CDB02C8" box="[1180,1252,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FB7FEDEE0D1C02C9" box="[1258,1315,949,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +resembles its Brazilian congeners +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FC6BED8E0D7702E9" authority="Reyes & Brusa, 2021" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[1022,1352,980,1007]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FC6BED8E0C5B02E8" box="[1022,1124,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FBFDED8E0D7702E9" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." box="[1128,1352,981,1007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021">Reyes & Brusa, 2021</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FAC7ED8E0C360508" authority="Marcus, 1946" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1946" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="therapaina"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAC7ED8E0B570508" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. therapaina</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FCFAEDAE0C360508" author="MARCUS E." box="[879,1033,1012,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FB81EDAE0D440509" authority="(Fuhrmann, 1914)" authorityName="Inaequales (Aberrantes" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1044,1403,1012,1039]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complicata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB81EDAE0C990508" box="[1044,1190,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. complicata</emphasis> +(Fuhrmann, 1914) +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FCB8EA4E0C7E0528" authority="Marcus, 1946" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1946" box="[813,1089,1044,1071]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intricata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCB8EA4E0B9A0528" box="[813,933,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. intricata</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FC3EEA4E0C7E0528" author="MARCUS E." box="[939,1089,1044,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +; and Argentinian congener +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FAF0EA4E0D3F0548" authority="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena, 2008" authorityName="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena" authorityYear="2008" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="matilde"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAF0EA4E0B640548" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. matilde</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FCF6EA6E0D3F0548" author="BRUSA F. & DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C." box="[867,1280,1076,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref7532" refString="BRUSA F., DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C. 2008. - " Dalyellioida " (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from the Rio de la Plata estuary in Argentina, with the description of two new species of Gieysztoria. Zootaxa 1861: 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1861.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Brusa, Damborenea & Noreña, 2008</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FA99EA6E0C890568" authority="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena, 2007" authorityName="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena" authorityYear="2007" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="namuncurai"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FA99EA6E0D900548" box="[1292,1455,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. namuncurai</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FCB8EA0F0C890568" author="DAMBORENEA C. & BRUSA F. & NORENA C." box="[813,1206,1108,1135]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="803 - 810" refId="ref7479" refString="DAMBORENEA C., BRUSA F. & NORENA C. 2007. - New Dalyelliidae (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and their stylet ultrastructure. Zoological Science 24: 803 - 810. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 24.803" type="journal article" year="2007">Damborenea, Brusa & Noreña, 2007</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, and Peruvian congener +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FCBEEA2F0D240589" authority="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena, 2005" authorityName="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena" authorityYear="2005" box="[811,1307,1140,1167]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kasasapa"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCBEEA2F0BA10588" box="[811,926,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. kasasapa</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FC36EA2F0D240589" author="DAMBORENEA C. & BRUSA F. & NORENA C." box="[931,1307,1140,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1319 - 1329" refId="ref7425" refString="DAMBORENEA C., BRUSA F. & NORENA C. 2005. - New Species of Gieysztoria (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from Peruvian Amazon Floodplain with description of their Stylet Ultrastructure. Zoological Science 22: 1319 - 1329. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 22.1319" type="journal article" year="2005">Damborenea, Brusa & Noreña, 2005</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +( +<tableCitation id="6C582ED38073FFD8FAB3EA2F0D4E0588" box="[1318,1393,1140,1166]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[448,459,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. — Main stylet features of Gieysztoria reta n. sp. and others similar species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/75A54BE08073FFD8FE55EE800C4901EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" tableUuid="75A54BE08073FFD8FE55EE800C4901EB">Table 1</tableCitation> +). The most similar stylet to that of +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FBC3EACF0CA205A8" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1110,1181,1172,1198]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FBC3EACF0CA205A8" box="[1110,1181,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FB37EACF0CE405A8" box="[1186,1243,1172,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +is that of +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAD5EACF0D9105A8" box="[1344,1454,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FAD5EACF0D9505A8" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[1344,1450,1172,1198]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes">G. hermes</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +However, the stylet is larger in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FBEEEAEF0D2705C8" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1147,1304,1204,1230]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Giesystoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FBEEEAEF0D2705C8" box="[1147,1304,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Giesystoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FA8AEAEF0D6505C8" box="[1311,1370,1204,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +than in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FCB8EA8F0BAA05E8" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[813,917,1236,1262]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCB8EA8F0BAA05E8" box="[813,917,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(50-75 Μm and 34.2 Μm, respectively). +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FADDEA8F0B6B040B" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FADDEA8F0B6B040B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">Gieystoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FCC9EAAF0BA60408" box="[860,921,1268,1294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +has four sets of spines (two single strong ventral spines, and two groups of dorsal spines), while +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FAB5EB4F0DB9042B" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[1312,1414,1299,1326]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAB5EB4F0DB9042B" box="[1312,1414,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has three single ventral spines (the new species has one less ventral spine) ( +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FCEFEB0F0C12046B" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." box="[890,1069,1363,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021"> +Reyes +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FC2BEB0F0BCF046B" box="[958,1008,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">et al.</emphasis> +2021 +</bibRefCitation> +: fig. 12C, blue). In +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FB69EB0F0D7C046B" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1276,1347,1364,1390]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB69EB0F0D7C046B" box="[1276,1347,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FADDEB0F0DBC0468" box="[1352,1411,1364,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +, the two ventral spines seem not to be associated with the dorsal groups of spines, although +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FBC4EBCF0D2504AB" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." box="[1105,1306,1427,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021"> +Reyes +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB00EBCF0CF604AB" box="[1173,1225,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">et al.</emphasis> +(2021) +</bibRefCitation> +reported that in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FCDDEBE80B9204CB" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[840,941,1459,1485]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCDDEBE80B9204CB" box="[840,941,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the two lateral ventral spines are associated with the dorsal groups of spines. Spine s +<quantity id="E622B68D8073FFD8FB23EB880CDF04EB" box="[1206,1248,1491,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity> +the new species is larger than the largest fang-shaped spine in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FB6BEBA80D5A070B" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[1278,1381,1523,1549]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB6BEBA80D5A070B" box="[1278,1381,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FAE7EBA80BA0072B" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021"> +Reyes +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCB8E8480B5F072A" box="[813,864,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">et al.</emphasis> +2021 +</bibRefCitation> +: fig. 12C, red). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B688073FFD8FCD6E8690CCD06EA" blockId="5.[810,1458,790,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726"> +Like +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FCE8E8680BD5074A" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[893,1002,1586,1613]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCE8E8680BD5074A" box="[893,1002,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FC6EE8680C78074A" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1019,1095,1587,1613]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FC6EE8680C78074A" box="[1019,1095,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FBC4E8680CAF074B" box="[1105,1168,1587,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +has two groups of dorsal spines: a group of fine spines on one side, and a group of thicker hollow spines arranged in three rows on the other side. However, in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FC62E8C80C7E07AA" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1015,1089,1683,1709]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FC62E8C80C7E07AA" box="[1015,1089,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FBDEE8C80CB507AB" box="[1099,1162,1683,1709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +, these three rows of spines are arranged forming a fan shape, while in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FB66E8E90D6607CA" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[1267,1369,1714,1740]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB66E8E90D6607CA" box="[1267,1369,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, this arrangement is not observed, and the number of rows of spines is not mentioned, though more than three rows are shown in the drawing of the +<typeStatus id="FE61A5CA8073FFD8FC6DE9490C68062A" box="[1016,1111,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B66998073FFD8FBF2E9490D24062A" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." box="[1127,1307,1810,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021"> +Reyes +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FB3FE9490CE2062A" box="[1194,1245,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">et al.</emphasis> +2021 +</bibRefCitation> +: fig. 12C). In +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FCB8E9690BAA064D" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[813,917,1841,1868]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCB8E9690BAA064D" box="[813,917,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the dorsal group of fine spines is arranged forming a comb-like structure in the stylet, whereas +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FAB3E9090D50066D" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1318,1391,1874,1900]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAB3E9090D50066D" box="[1318,1391,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FAE0E9090D8F066A" box="[1397,1456,1874,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +has a single row of spines. Regarding the copulatory bursa, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FCB8E9C90BAB06AD" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[813,916,1937,1964]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hermes"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FCB8E9C90BAB06AD" box="[813,916,1937,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. hermes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has a single cavity with a thick wall, while +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8073FFD8FAF3E9C90D9006AD" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1382,1455,1938,1964]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8073FFD8FAF3E9C90D9006AD" box="[1382,1455,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="726">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018073FFD8FCB8E9E90B5806CA" box="[813,871,1970,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="726" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +has two cavities with circular and longitudinal muscle fibers separated by an incomplete septum. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<caption id="75A54BE08070FFDBFF10E84B0911077B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14075910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075910/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" startId="6.[133,144,1552,1570]" targetBox="[135,1454,247,1503]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="21651B688070FFDBFF10E84B0911077B" blockId="6.[133,1457,1552,1661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48070FFDBFF10E84B08A20727" baselines="1565,1566" box="[133,157,1552,1570]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">FIG</smallCapsWord> +. 2. — +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFF43E84B09680724" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[214,343,1552,1570]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFF43E84B09680724" box="[214,343,1552,1570]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">Gieysztoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFEC8E84B09AE0724" box="[349,401,1552,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFE0DE84B099A0724" bold="true" box="[408,421,1552,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">A</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFE25E84B09810724" bold="true" box="[432,446,1552,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">C</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFE5CE84B09E80724" bold="true" box="[457,471,1552,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">D</emphasis> +, specimens viewed under compound microscope: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFC1DE84B0BAA0724" bold="true" box="[904,917,1552,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">A</emphasis> +, living specimen whole mount; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFB35E84B0C920724" bold="true" box="[1184,1197,1552,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">B</emphasis> +, fixed specimen viewed under a phase contrast light microscope; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFE38E87C0984073F" bold="true" box="[429,443,1575,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">C</emphasis> +, detail of seminal vesicle, prostate vesicle and additional glands; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFC75E87C0BD1073F" bold="true" box="[992,1006,1575,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">D</emphasis> +, detail of stylet. Abbreviations: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFB63E87C0D33073F" bold="true" box="[1270,1292,1575,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">ag</emphasis> +, accessory glands; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFF10E86508A40756" bold="true" box="[133,155,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">cb</emphasis> +, copulatory bursa; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFEA9E86509780756" bold="true" box="[316,327,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">e</emphasis> +, egg; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFEEEE86509B00756" bold="true" box="[379,399,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">ey</emphasis> +, eye; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFE54E86509F80756" bold="true" box="[449,455,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">f</emphasis> +, fenestra; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFD8AE8650A1B0756" bold="true" box="[543,548,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">i</emphasis> +, intestine; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFDEAE8650AAA0756" bold="true" box="[639,661,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">ph</emphasis> +, pharynx; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFD78E8650B3B0756" bold="true" box="[749,772,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">pp</emphasis> +, prepharyngeal cavity; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFC53E8650BE40756" bold="true" box="[966,987,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">pv</emphasis> +, prostate vesicle; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFBE7E8650CBC0756" bold="true" box="[1138,1155,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">st</emphasis> +, stylet; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFB51E8650CE70756" bold="true" box="[1220,1240,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">sv</emphasis> +, seminal vesicle; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFAFEE8650D400756" bold="true" box="[1387,1407,1598,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">s1</emphasis> +, largest spine; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFF49E80F08CF0760" bold="true" box="[220,240,1620,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">s2</emphasis> +, large spine; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFEF7E80F09490760" bold="true" box="[354,374,1620,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">s3</emphasis> +, group of fine short spines; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFDF1E80F0A470760" bold="true" box="[612,632,1620,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">s4</emphasis> +, group of shorter hollow spines; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFC1BE80F0BAA0760" bold="true" box="[910,917,1620,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">t</emphasis> +, testes; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFC4BE80F0BCB0760" bold="true" box="[990,1012,1620,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">ub</emphasis> +, uterus bend; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFBFAE80F0C410760" bold="true" box="[1135,1150,1620,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">vi</emphasis> +, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; D, 20 μm. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<subSubSection id="69C048E38070FFD4FF0EE889096106ED" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="730" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" type="description"> +<paragraph id="21651B688070FFD4FF0EE8890A38070B" blockId="6.[132,775,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[130,777,1331,2027]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="730" pageId="6" pageNumber="727"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFF0EE889093607EA" authorityName="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena" authorityYear="2008" box="[155,265,1746,1772]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="matilde"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFF0EE889093607EA" box="[155,265,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. matilde</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFEA9E88909BC07EA" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[316,387,1746,1772]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFEA9E88909BC07EA" box="[316,387,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFE1DE88909FE07EA" box="[392,449,1746,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +have similar stylet lengths (54- 65 Μm and 50-75 Μm, respectively), but +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFDB9E8A90A4C060A" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[556,627,1778,1804]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFDB9E8A90A4C060A" box="[556,627,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFDECE8A90A8D060A" box="[633,690,1778,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +has two ventral large spines, while +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFE02E9490A3A062A" authorityName="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena" authorityYear="2008" box="[407,517,1810,1836]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="matilde"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFE02E9490A3A062A" box="[407,517,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. matilde</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has a single large hollow blade-like spine. Like +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFEFEE969098C064D" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[363,435,1842,1868]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFEFEE969098C064D" box="[363,435,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFE2DE96909CC064A" box="[440,499,1842,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFE6BE9690A53064D" authorityName="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena" authorityYear="2008" box="[510,620,1841,1868]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="matilde"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFE6BE9690A53064D" box="[510,620,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. matilde</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has two major groups of thin spines, one group with thicker spines than the other, though the original description does not specify their sizes. +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFF2AE9C9099506AD" authorityName="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena" authorityYear="2007" box="[191,426,1938,1964]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="namuncurai"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFF2AE9C9099506AD" box="[191,426,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">Gieystoria namuncurai</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and the new species share several stylet traits, but clear differences distinguish +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFDF4E9E90B3806CD" box="[609,775,1970,1996]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="namumcurai"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFDF4E9E90B3806CD" box="[609,775,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. namumcurai</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +from +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFF2BE98A093906ED" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[190,262,2001,2027]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFF2BE98A093906ED" box="[190,262,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFE9EE989097806EA" box="[267,327,2002,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +: the lack of a circular opening (fenestra) in the girdle, a total stylet length of 100 Μm, and the presence of several rows of spines arranged in two groups, while in the new species there is only one group. +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFB2DE9490D40062A" authorityName="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena" authorityYear="2005" box="[1208,1407,1810,1836]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kasasapa"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFB2DE9490D40062A" box="[1208,1407,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">Gieystoria kasasapa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also shows differences from +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFBBAE9690C45064D" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1071,1146,1842,1868]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFBBAE9690C45064D" box="[1071,1146,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFB16E9690CFD064A" box="[1155,1218,1842,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +: the stylet is larger in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFCBBE9090B96066D" authorityName="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena" authorityYear="2005" box="[814,937,1873,1900]" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kasasapa"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFCBBE9090B96066D" box="[814,937,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. kasasapa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +than in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFB91E9090C73066D" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1028,1100,1874,1900]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFB91E9090C73066D" box="[1028,1100,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFBC6E9090CB1066A" box="[1107,1166,1874,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +(75-85 Μm and 50-75 Μm, respectively). The Peruvian species has two groups of spines, both with less spines than the new species, and a single large hollow spine. Another species similar to +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFB6AE9E90D7206CD" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1279,1357,1970,1996]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFB6AE9E90D7206CD" box="[1279,1357,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018070FFDBFAC3E9E90DAA06CA" box="[1366,1429,1970,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +is +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8070FFDBFCBAE98A0B8206ED" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1946" box="[815,957,2001,2027]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="727" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="therapaina"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8070FFDBFCBAE98A0B8206ED" box="[815,957,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="727">G. therapaina</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has a stylet 33 Μm long, almost half the length of the stylet of the new species (50-75 Μm). Distally to the girdle, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FE85EB0F09A1046B" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1946" box="[272,414,1363,1390]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="therapaina"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FE85EB0F09A1046B" box="[272,414,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. therapaina</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has four groups of spines ( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FD22EB0F0882048B" author="MARCUS E." pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus 1946</bibRefCitation> +): three groups with several spines of different sizes and thicknesses, while the fourth group consists of a single large spine 20 Μm long, almost 2/3 of the total stylet size. +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FD35EBE8089404EB" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" class="Cestoda" genus="Gieystoria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FD35EBE8089404EB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Gieystoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A01807FFFD4FF26EB8808D104EB" box="[179,238,1491,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +has two large ventral spines, and the largest spine is about half the length of the stylet. +</paragraph> +<caption id="75A54BE08071FFDAFF11E9780A2F06EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14075913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="728" startId="7.[132,143,1827,1845]" targetBox="[228,1362,215,1781]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="21651B688071FFDAFF11E9780A2F06EC" blockId="7.[132,1457,1827,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB48071FFDAFF11E97808A20632" baselines="1840,1841" box="[132,157,1827,1845]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">FIG</smallCapsWord> +. 3. — +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB8071FFDAFF41E978096B0633" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[212,340,1827,1845]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="728" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFF41E978096B0633" box="[212,340,1827,1845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">Gieysztoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A018071FFDAFECCE97809B60633" box="[345,393,1827,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +CLSM images of whole-mounts labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin showing the muscle arrangement: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB4DE9780CDA0633" bold="true" box="[1240,1253,1827,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">A</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB7AE9780CC30633" bold="true" box="[1263,1276,1827,1845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">B</emphasis> +, caudal body section from dorsal to ventral plane; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFEE1E96209AB064A" bold="true" box="[372,404,1849,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">C -F</emphasis> +, caudal body section viewed from the right side toward the left side to sagittal plane. Images +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB37E9610C90064A" bold="true" box="[1186,1199,1850,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">A</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB2CE9610CF9064A" bold="true" box="[1209,1222,1850,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">B</emphasis> +and +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB65E9620D2F064A" bold="true" box="[1264,1296,1849,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">C -F</emphasis> +correspond to two different specimens. Numbers +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFE12E90B099C0664" bold="true" box="[391,419,1872,1890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">1-4</emphasis> +indicate circular fibers of gonopore sphincter; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFCBAE90B0BDD0664" bold="true" box="[815,994,1872,1890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">dashed lines outline</emphasis> +the vitellaria area. +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB16E90B0D1C0664" bold="true" box="[1155,1315,1872,1890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">Continuous arrow</emphasis> +indicates strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity. +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFEE4E93C09D1067F" bold="true" box="[369,494,1895,1913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">Dashed arrow</emphasis> +indicates muscle fiber that associates the uterus bend with the copulatory bursa. Abbreviations: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFA85E93C0D19067F" bold="true" box="[1296,1318,1895,1913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">b1</emphasis> +, copulatory bursa cavity 1; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFF7DE92508C10696" bold="true" box="[232,254,1918,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">b2</emphasis> +, copulatory bursa cavity 2; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFE73E92509CE0696" bold="true" box="[486,497,1918,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">c</emphasis> +, cilia; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFDB3E9250A030696" bold="true" box="[550,572,1918,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">cb</emphasis> +, copulatory bursa; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFD4BE9250AC00696" bold="true" box="[734,767,1918,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">cga</emphasis> +, common genital atrium; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFC41E9250BCF0696" bold="true" box="[980,1008,1918,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">cm</emphasis> +, circular muscle fibers of the body wall; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFAD4E9250D580696" bold="true" box="[1345,1383,1918,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">cma</emphasis> +, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFE4FE9CF0A3306A0" bold="true" box="[474,524,1940,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">cmb1</emphasis> +, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFCCDE9CF0BB506A0" bold="true" box="[856,906,1940,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">cmb2</emphasis> +, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB23E9CF0CED06A0" bold="true" box="[1206,1234,1940,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">dm</emphasis> +, diagonal muscle fibers of the body wall; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFF68E9F0093706BB" bold="true" box="[253,264,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">e</emphasis> +, egg; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFEA9E9F0096D06BB" bold="true" box="[316,338,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">ed</emphasis> +, ejaculatory duct; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFE7EE9F00A3E06BB" bold="true" box="[491,513,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">ep</emphasis> +, epidermis; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFDFDE9F00A4006BB" bold="true" box="[616,639,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">gp</emphasis> +, gonopore; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFD76E9F00AD706BB" bold="true" box="[739,744,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">i</emphasis> +, intestine; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFCD7E9F00B6D06BB" bold="true" box="[834,850,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">ic</emphasis> +, insertion cavity of s1 spine; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFBD6E9F00C6706BB" bold="true" box="[1091,1112,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">ov</emphasis> +, ovary; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB0FE9F00C8F06BB" bold="true" box="[1178,1200,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">ph</emphasis> +, pharynx; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFA9DE9F00D2206BB" bold="true" box="[1288,1309,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">pv</emphasis> +, prostate vesicle; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFF11E99908B106D2" bold="true" box="[132,142,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">s</emphasis> +, septum; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFF74E99908CA06D2" bold="true" box="[225,245,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">sv</emphasis> +, seminal vesicle; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFE1DE999099206D2" bold="true" box="[392,429,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">svm</emphasis> +, muscular wall of seminal vesicle; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFD5EE9990AE006D2" bold="true" box="[715,735,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">s4</emphasis> +, group of dorsal hollow spines; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFC7CE9990BCF06D2" bold="true" box="[1001,1008,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">t</emphasis> +, testes; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFBA2E9990C7206D2" bold="true" box="[1079,1101,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">ub</emphasis> +, uterus bend; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFB50E9990CE506D2" bold="true" box="[1221,1242,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">vd</emphasis> +, vasa deferentia; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A8071FFDAFAFBE9990D4206D2" bold="true" box="[1390,1405,1986,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="728">vi</emphasis> +, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, B, 50 μm; C, D, E, F 40 μm. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="75A54BE0807EFFD5FF11E9140A6C06EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14075916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14075916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14075916/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="729" startId="8.[132,143,1871,1889]" targetBox="[153,1392,215,1816]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure"> +<paragraph id="21651B68807EFFD5FF11E9140A6C06EC" blockId="8.[132,1455,1871,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB4807EFFD5FF11E91408A20666" baselines="1884,1885" box="[132,157,1871,1889]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">FIG</smallCapsWord> +. 4. — Graphic reconstruction of the genital system of +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807EFFD5FDF8E9140AD20667" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[621,749,1871,1889]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="729" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FDF8E9140AD20667" box="[621,749,1871,1889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">Gieysztoria reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A01807EFFD5FD61E9140B170667" box="[756,808,1871,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FCA5E9140B020667" bold="true" box="[816,829,1871,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">A</emphasis> +, genital reconstruction using confocal microscopy images; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FAA3E9140D7C0667" bold="true" box="[1334,1347,1871,1889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">B</emphasis> +, penis stylet from the holotype, blue ( +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FEDAE93D095B067E" bold="true" box="[335,356,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s1</emphasis> +), pink ( +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FE35E93D098A067E" bold="true" box="[416,437,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s2</emphasis> +), yellow ( +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FD97E93D0A28067E" bold="true" box="[514,535,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s3</emphasis> +) and green ( +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FDEAE93D0AAC067E" bold="true" box="[639,659,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s4</emphasis> +). Abbreviations: +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FC8AE93D0B0A067E" bold="true" box="[799,821,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">ag</emphasis> +, accessory glands; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FC49E93D0BCE067E" bold="true" box="[988,1009,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">b1</emphasis> +, copulatory bursa cavity 1; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FB4DE93D0CD0067E" bold="true" box="[1240,1263,1894,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">b2</emphasis> +, copulatory bursa cavity 2; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FF26E92608810689" bold="true" box="[179,190,1917,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">c</emphasis> +, cilia; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FF61E926092A0689" bold="true" box="[244,277,1917,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">cga</emphasis> +, common genital atrium; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FE7EE9260A2E0689" bold="true" box="[491,529,1917,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">cma</emphasis> +, circular muscle fibers of common genital atrium; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FC23E9260BD70689" bold="true" box="[950,1000,1917,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">cmb1</emphasis> +, circular muscles of the bursa cavity 1; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FAA3E9260D570689" bold="true" box="[1334,1384,1917,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">cmb2</emphasis> +, circular muscles of bursa cavity 2; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FEF0E9CF094F06A0" bold="true" box="[357,368,1940,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">e</emphasis> +, egg; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FE30E9CF098406A0" bold="true" box="[421,443,1940,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">ed</emphasis> +, ejaculatory duct; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FDC2E9CF0A6206A0" bold="true" box="[599,605,1940,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">f</emphasis> +, fenestra; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FD23E9CF0AF206A0" bold="true" box="[694,717,1940,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">gp</emphasis> +, gonopore; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FCA7E9CF0B7106A0" bold="true" box="[818,846,1940,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">ma</emphasis> +, male genital atrium; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FB96E9CF0C1C06A0" bold="true" box="[1027,1059,1940,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">lma</emphasis> +, longitudinal muscles fibers of common genital atrium; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FF56E9F108D006BA" bold="true" box="[195,239,1962,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">lmb2</emphasis> +, longitudinal muscle of bursa cavity 2; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FDA0E9F10A7506BA" bold="true" box="[565,586,1962,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">ov</emphasis> +, ovary; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FD19E9F10A9E06BA" bold="true" box="[652,673,1962,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">pv</emphasis> +, prostate vesicle; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FCAFE9F10B5F06BA" bold="true" box="[826,864,1962,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">sfb1</emphasis> +, strong muscle fiber of bursa cavity 1; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FB30E9F10CF406BA" bold="true" box="[1189,1227,1962,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">scm</emphasis> +, muscle fibers of gonopore sphincter; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FF48E99A08CE06D5" bold="true" box="[221,241,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">sv</emphasis> +, seminal vesicle; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FE10E99A09A606D5" bold="true" box="[389,409,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s1</emphasis> +, largest spine; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FD8FE99A0A1106D5" bold="true" box="[538,558,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s2</emphasis> +, large spine; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FD0AE99A0A8C06D5" bold="true" box="[671,691,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s3</emphasis> +, group of fine short spines; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FC35E99A0B8B06D5" bold="true" box="[928,948,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">s4</emphasis> +, group of hollow spines; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FB1CE99A0CAF06D5" bold="true" box="[1161,1168,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">t</emphasis> +, testes; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FB4DE99A0CD106D5" bold="true" box="[1240,1262,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">ub</emphasis> +, uterus bend; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FAFDE99A0D4206D5" bold="true" box="[1384,1405,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">vd</emphasis> +, vasa deferentia; +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807EFFD5FF77E98308CE06EC" bold="true" box="[226,241,2008,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="729">vi</emphasis> +, vitellaria. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, 20 μm. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="75A54BE0807FFFD4FF11EE870B68001A" ID-Table-UUID="75A54BE0807FFFD4FF11EE870B68001A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/75A54BE0807FFFD4FF11EE870B68001A" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" startId="9.[132,143,220,238]" targetBox="[134,1449,341,1246]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table"> +<paragraph id="21651B68807FFFD4FF11EE870B68001A" blockId="9.[132,1457,220,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<smallCapsWord id="27838DB4807FFFD4FF11EE87088D01EB" baselines="233,234" box="[132,178,220,238]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">TABLE</smallCapsWord> +2. — A detailed list of +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FEFBEE870AE301E8" box="[366,732,220,238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FEFBEE8709F601E8" box="[366,457,220,238]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Gieysztoria</emphasis> +Ruebush & Hayes, 1939 species +</taxonomicName> +reported in the Neotropical Region, showing group designed on the stylet morphology, country where the species was originally described and geographical distribution. Information sources: +<superScript id="D6AFB620807FFFD4FC70EEA80BD30006" attach="right" box="[997,1004,243,256]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">1</superScript> +Original description of species; +<superScript id="D6AFB620807FFFD4FB6CEEA80D3F0006" attach="right" box="[1273,1280,243,256]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">2</superScript> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FA91EEA80D560003" author="LUTHER A." box="[1284,1385,243,261]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="1 - 337" refId="ref7800" refString="LUTHER A. 1955. - Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela), eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1 - 337." type="journal article" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation> +; +<superScript id="D6AFB620807FFFD4FAE6EEA80D450006" attach="right" box="[1395,1402,243,256]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">3</superScript> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FAEBEEA808E3001A" author="BRUSA F. & DAMBORENEA C. M. & NORENA C." pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="449 - 457" refId="ref7362" refString="BRUSA F., DAMBORENEA C. M. & NORENA C. 2003. - A new species of Gieysztoria (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from Argentina and a kinship analysis of South American species of the genus. Zoologica Scripta 32: 449 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.10 46 / j. 1463 - 6409.2003.00126" type="journal article" year="2003"> +Brusa +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF11EF510891001A" box="[132,174,266,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">et al.</emphasis> +2003 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<superScript id="D6AFB620807FFFD4FF70EF5108D30011" attach="right" box="[229,236,266,279]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">4</superScript> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF65EF510941001A" author="BRUSA F. & DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C." box="[240,382,266,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref7532" refString="BRUSA F., DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C. 2008. - " Dalyellioida " (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from the Rio de la Plata estuary in Argentina, with the description of two new species of Gieysztoria. Zootaxa 1861: 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1861.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008"> +Brusa +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FEB3EF51096F001A" box="[294,336,266,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">et al.</emphasis> +2008 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<superScript id="D6AFB620807FFFD4FE1DEF5109B00011" attach="right" box="[392,399,266,279]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">5</superScript> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FE07EF510A1D001A" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. T. & BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E." box="[402,546,266,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7954" refString="REYES J., BINOW D., VIANNA R. T., BRUSA F. & MARTINS S. E. 2021. - Free-living microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from wetlands in southern Brazil, with the description of three new species. Zoological Studies 60: 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2021.60 - 22" type="journal article" year="2021"> +Reyes +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FE5EEF5109CA001A" box="[459,501,266,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">et al.</emphasis> +2021 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<superScript id="D6AFB620807FFFD4FDB9EF510A0C0011" attach="right" box="[556,563,266,279]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">6</superScript> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FDA2EF510AF8001A" author="REYES J. & SEVERINO R. & BRUSA F." box="[567,711,266,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="56 - 67" refId="ref8021" refString="REYES J., SEVERINO R. & BRUSA F. 2022. - New records of freeliving microturbellarians from the Chillon River, Peru. Neotropical Biodiversity 8: 56 - 67. http: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23766808.2022. 2040348" type="journal article" year="2022"> +Reyes +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FDE5EF510AA6001A" box="[624,665,266,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">et al.</emphasis> +2022 +</bibRefCitation> +; +<superScript id="D6AFB620807FFFD4FD44EF510AE70011" attach="right" box="[721,728,266,279]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">7</superScript> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FD49EF510B6D001A" author="XIA X. J. & LU Y. H. & WANG A. T." box="[732,850,266,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="229 - 235" refId="ref8437" refString="XIA X. J., LU Y. H. & WANG A. T. 2014. - A new species of Aequales, genus Gieysztoria (Rhabdocoela: Dalyelliidae) from China. Zoological Systematics 39: 229 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs 20140204" type="journal article" year="2014"> +Xia +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FD6EEF510B1B001A" box="[763,804,266,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">et al.</emphasis> +2014 +</bibRefCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="21651B68807FFFD4FDE2EF0E0CD805D8" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<table id="53DAE9C8807F0022FF13EF0E0D9605D8" box="[134,1449,341,1246]" gridcols="4" gridrows="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EF0E0D96006C" box="[134,1449,341,362]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" rowspan-0="1"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EF0E0BBF006C" box="[631,896,341,362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FDE2EF0E0BBF006F" bold="true" box="[631,896,341,362]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Group and Subgroup after</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEF0E0C55006C" box="[1019,1130,341,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FC6EEF0E0C75006F" bold="true" box="[1019,1098,341,361]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Original</emphasis> +</th> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EF0E0D96006C" box="[1164,1449,341,362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FB19EF0E0D43006F" bold="true" box="[1164,1404,341,362]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Geographic distribution</emphasis> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EF340D960085" box="[134,1449,367,387]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EF340A710085" box="[134,590,367,387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EF3409740085" box="[134,331,367,387]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EF3409740085" bold="true" box="[134,331,367,387]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Gieysztoria species</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EF340BBF0085" box="[631,896,367,387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FD19EF340B7C0085" bold="true" box="[652,835,367,387]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">stylet morphology</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEF340D960085" box="[1019,1449,367,387]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FB9FEF340C420085" bold="true" box="[1034,1149,367,387]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">description</emphasis> +</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EFC90D9600A0" box="[134,1449,402,422]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EFC90A7100A0" box="[134,590,402,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EFC9094200A0" authority="(Marcus, 1946) Inaequales (Aberrantes)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,381,402,422]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="acariaia"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EFC908D500A0" box="[134,234,402,422]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. acariaia</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF60EFC9094700A0" author="MARCUS E." box="[245,376,402,422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EFC90BBF00A0" box="[631,896,402,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Aberrantes)2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEFC90C5500A0" box="[1019,1130,402,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EFC90D9600A0" box="[1164,1449,402,422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EFF10D9600B8" box="[134,1449,426,446]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EFF10A7100B8" box="[134,590,426,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EFF10A7E00B8" authority="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena, 2008 Inaequales (Fenestratae)" authorityName="Brusa, Damborenea & Norena" authorityYear="2008" box="[134,577,426,446]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="atalaya"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EFF108DB00B8" box="[134,228,426,446]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. atalaya</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF7FEFF10A7E00B8" author="BRUSA F. & DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C." box="[234,577,426,446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref7532" refString="BRUSA F., DAMBORENEA C. & NORENA C. 2008. - " Dalyellioida " (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from the Rio de la Plata estuary in Argentina, with the description of two new species of Gieysztoria. 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Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EF990BBF00D1" box="[631,896,450,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales2,6</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEF990C5500D1" box="[1019,1130,450,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EF990D9600D1" box="[1164,1449,450,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil and Peru</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EF810D9600E9" box="[134,1449,474,495]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EF810A7100E9" box="[134,590,474,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EF80098800E9" authority="(Fuhrmann, 1914) Inaequales (Aberrantes)" authorityName="Inaequales (Aberrantes" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[134,439,475,495]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complicata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EF80093500E9" box="[134,266,475,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. complicata</emphasis> +(Fuhrmann, 1914) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EF810BBF00E9" box="[631,896,474,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Aberrantes)2,5</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEF810C5500E9" box="[1019,1130,474,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Colombia</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EF810D9600E9" box="[1164,1449,474,495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Colombia, Brazil and Peru</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EFA80D960301" box="[134,1449,499,519]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EFA80A710301" box="[134,590,499,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EFA809F30301" authority="Norena-Janssen, 1995 Aequales" authorityName="Norena-Janssen" authorityYear="1995" box="[134,460,499,519]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="coronae"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EFA808D00301" box="[134,239,499,519]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. coronae</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF60EFA809F30301" author="NORENA-JANSSEN C." box="[245,460,499,519]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="211 - 262" refId="ref7856" refString="NORENA-JANSSEN C. 1995. - Studies on the taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria (Plathelminthes) in the floodplain of the Parana river (Argentina) II. Taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 107: 211 - 262." type="journal article" year="1995">Noreña-Janssen, 1995</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EFA80BBF0301" box="[631,896,499,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales3</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEFA80C550301" box="[1019,1130,499,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EFA80D960301" box="[1164,1449,499,519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EC500D960319" box="[134,1449,523,543]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EC500A710319" box="[134,590,523,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EC5009A50319" authority="(Schmidt, 1861) Aequales" authorityName="Aequales" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[134,410,523,543]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuspidata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EC5008C10319" box="[134,254,523,543]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. cuspidata</emphasis> +(Schmidt, 1861) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EC500BBF0319" box="[631,896,523,543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales2,6</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEC500C550319" box="[1019,1130,523,543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Greece?</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EC500D960319" box="[1164,1449,523,543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Cosmopolitan</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EC780D960331" box="[134,1449,547,567]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EC780A710331" box="[134,590,547,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EC7809520331" authority="(Marcus, 1946) Inaequales (Aberrantes)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,365,547,567]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cypris"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EC7808E50331" box="[134,218,547,567]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. cypris</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF70EC7809570331" author="MARCUS E." box="[229,360,547,567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. 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Zoological Science 22: 1319 - 1329. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 22.1319" type="journal article" year="2005">Damborenea, Brusa & Noreña, 2005</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EC600C550356" box="[631,1130,571,592]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (without subgroup assigned)1 Peru</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EC600D960356" box="[1164,1449,571,592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Peru</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EC080D96036E" box="[134,1449,595,616]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EC080A71036E" box="[134,590,595,616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EC0F09D8036E" authority="Reyes & Brusa, 2021 Inaequales (Radiatae)" authorityName="Reyes & Brusa" authorityYear="2021" box="[134,487,596,616]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="duopunctata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EC0F0925036E" box="[134,282,596,616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. duopunctata</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FEB5EC0F09D8036E" author="REYES J. & BINOW D. & VIANNA R. 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Taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 107: 211 - 262." type="journal article" year="1995">Noreña-Janssen, 1995</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2ED1D0BBF025C" box="[631,896,838,858]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales7</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EED1D0C55025C" box="[1019,1130,838,858]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19ED1D0D96025C" box="[1164,1449,838,858]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13ED050D960274" box="[134,1449,862,882]" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13ED050A710274" box="[134,590,862,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13ED0509EC0274" authority="Norena-Janssen, 1995 Aequales" authorityName="Norena-Janssen" authorityYear="1995" box="[134,467,862,882]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quadrata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13ED0508C90274" box="[134,246,862,882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. quadrata</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF69ED0509EC0274" author="NORENA-JANSSEN C." box="[252,467,862,882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="211 - 262" refId="ref7856" refString="NORENA-JANSSEN C. 1995. - Studies on the taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria (Plathelminthes) in the floodplain of the Parana river (Argentina) II. 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Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 107: 211 - 262." type="journal article" year="1995">Noreña-Janssen, 1995</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2ED050BBF0274" box="[631,896,862,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales7</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EED050C550274" box="[1019,1130,862,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19ED050D960274" box="[1164,1449,862,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13ED2D0D96028C" box="[134,1449,886,906]" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13ED2D0A71028C" box="[134,590,886,906]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13ED2D09D3028C" authority="(Fuhrmann, 1914) Aequales" authorityName="Aequales" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[134,492,886,906]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quadridensoides"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13ED2D097F028C" box="[134,320,886,906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. quadridensoides</emphasis> +(Fuhrmann, 1914) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2ED2D0BBF028C" box="[631,896,886,906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EED2D0C55028C" box="[1019,1130,886,906]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Colombia</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19ED2D0D96028C" box="[1164,1449,886,906]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Colombia</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EDD50D9602A5" box="[134,1449,910,931]" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EDD50A7102A5" box="[134,590,910,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EDD509DC02A5" authority="(Therriault & Kolasa, 1999) Inaequales (Radiatae)" baseAuthorityName="Therriault & Kolasa" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[134,483,910,931]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reggae"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EDD508DC02A5" box="[134,227,910,931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. reggae</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF7BEDD409E102A5" author="THERRIAULT T. W. & KOLASA J." box="[238,478,911,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="371 - 381" refId="ref8067" refString="THERRIAULT T. W. & KOLASA J. 1999. - New species and records of microturbellarians from coastal rock pools of Jamaica, West Indies. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 144: 371 - 381. http: // doi. org / 10.1127 / archiv-hydrobiol / 144 / 1999 / 371" type="journal article" year="1999">Therriault & Kolasa, 1999</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EDD50BBF02A5" box="[631,896,910,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Radiatae)5</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEDD50C5502A5" box="[1019,1130,910,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Jamaica</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EDD50D9602A5" box="[1164,1449,910,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Jamaica</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EDFD0D9602BD" box="[134,1449,934,955]" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EDFD0A7102BD" box="[134,590,934,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EDFC08F902BD" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,198,935,955]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EDFC08F902BD" box="[134,198,935,955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A01807FFFD4FF59EDFC093D02BD" box="[204,258,935,955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EDFD0BBF02BD" box="[631,896,934,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Fenestratae)1</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEDFD0C5502BD" box="[1019,1130,934,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EDFD0D9602BD" box="[1164,1449,934,955]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EDE40D9602D5" box="[134,1449,959,979]" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EDE40A7102D5" box="[134,590,959,979]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EDE409BF02D5" authority="(Fuhrmann, 1894) Aequales" authorityName="Aequales" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[134,384,959,979]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubra"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EDE408EB02D5" box="[134,212,959,979]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. rubra</emphasis> +(Fuhrmann, 1894) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EDE40BBF02D5" box="[631,896,959,979]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEDE40C5502D5" box="[1019,1130,959,979]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Switzerland</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EDE40D9602D5" box="[1164,1449,959,979]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">United Kingdom, Switzerland,</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13ED820D9602EB" box="[134,1449,985,1005]" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1"> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19ED820D9602EB" box="[1164,1449,985,1005]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Denmark and Brazil</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EDAB0D960503" box="[134,1449,1008,1029]" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EDAB0A710503" box="[134,590,1008,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EDAB09CB0503" authority="Norena-Janssen, 1995 Aequales" authorityName="Norena-Janssen" authorityYear="1995" box="[134,500,1008,1029]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="santafeensis"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EDAB09280503" box="[134,279,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. santafeensis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FE88EDAA09CB0503" author="NORENA-JANSSEN C." box="[285,500,1009,1029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="211 - 262" refId="ref7856" refString="NORENA-JANSSEN C. 1995. - Studies on the taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria (Plathelminthes) in the floodplain of the Parana river (Argentina) II. Taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 107: 211 - 262." type="journal article" year="1995">Noreña-Janssen, 1995</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EDAB0BBF0503" box="[631,896,1008,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales3</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEDAB0C550503" box="[1019,1130,1008,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EDAB0D960503" box="[1164,1449,1008,1029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EA530D96051B" box="[134,1449,1032,1053]" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EA530A71051B" box="[134,590,1032,1053]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EA520A15051B" authority="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena, 2005 Inaequales (Aberrantes)" authorityName="Damborenea, Brusa & Norena" authorityYear="2005" box="[134,554,1033,1053]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sasa"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EA5208F2051B" box="[134,205,1033,1053]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. sasa</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF47EA520A15051B" author="DAMBORENEA C. & BRUSA F. & NORENA C." box="[210,554,1033,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="1319 - 1329" refId="ref7425" refString="DAMBORENEA C., BRUSA F. & NORENA C. 2005. - New Species of Gieysztoria (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from Peruvian Amazon Floodplain with description of their Stylet Ultrastructure. Zoological Science 22: 1319 - 1329. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 22.1319" type="journal article" year="2005">Damborenea, Brusa & Noreña, 2005</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EA530BBF051B" box="[631,896,1032,1053]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Aberrantes)1</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEA530C55051B" box="[1019,1130,1032,1053]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Peru</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EA530D96051B" box="[1164,1449,1032,1053]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Peru</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EA7A0D960533" box="[134,1449,1057,1077]" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EA7A0A710533" box="[134,590,1057,1077]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EA7A09A70533" authority="(Marcus, 1946) Inaequales (Fenestratae)" authorityName="Inaequales (Fenestratae" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,408,1057,1077]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="therapaina"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EA7A09390533" box="[134,262,1057,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. therapaina</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FE84EA7A09AB0533" author="MARCUS E." box="[273,404,1057,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EA7A0BBF0533" box="[631,896,1057,1077]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Fenestratae)2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEA7A0C550533" box="[1019,1130,1057,1077]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EA7A0D960533" box="[1164,1449,1057,1077]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EA620D96054B" box="[134,1449,1081,1101]" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EA620A71054B" box="[134,590,1081,1101]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EA6209BE054B" authority="(Marcus, 1946) Inaequales (Aberrantes)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,385,1081,1101]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="thymara"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EA6208D1054B" box="[134,238,1081,1101]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. thymara</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF6CEA620943054B" author="MARCUS E." box="[249,380,1081,1101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EA620BBF054B" box="[631,896,1081,1101]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Aberrantes)2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEA620C55054B" box="[1019,1130,1081,1101]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EA620D96054B" box="[1164,1449,1081,1101]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EA0A0D960563" box="[134,1449,1105,1125]" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EA0A0A710563" box="[134,590,1105,1125]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EA0A09B80563" authority="(Marcus, 1946) Inaequales (Radiatae)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,391,1105,1125]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tridesma"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EA0A08CB0563" box="[134,244,1105,1125]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. tridesma</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF6AEA0A09BD0563" author="MARCUS E." box="[255,386,1105,1125]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EA0A0BBF0563" box="[631,896,1105,1125]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Radiatae)2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEA0A0C550563" box="[1019,1130,1105,1125]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EA0A0D960563" box="[1164,1449,1105,1125]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EA320D960578" box="[134,1449,1129,1150]" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EA320A710578" box="[134,590,1129,1150]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EA3209F10578" authority="Norena-Janssen, 1995 Aequales" authorityName="Norena-Janssen" authorityYear="1995" box="[134,462,1129,1150]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tigrensis"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EA3208CE0578" box="[134,241,1129,1150]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. tigrensis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF62EA3109F10578" author="NORENA-JANSSEN C." box="[247,462,1130,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="211 - 262" refId="ref7856" refString="NORENA-JANSSEN C. 1995. - Studies on the taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria (Plathelminthes) in the floodplain of the Parana river (Argentina) II. Taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 107: 211 - 262." type="journal article" year="1995">Noreña-Janssen, 1995</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EA320BBF0578" box="[631,896,1129,1150]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales7</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEA320C550578" box="[1019,1130,1129,1150]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EA320D960578" box="[1164,1449,1129,1150]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EADA0D960590" box="[134,1449,1153,1174]" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EADA0A710590" box="[134,590,1153,1174]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EAD909A10590" authority="(Fuhrmann, 1894) Inaequales (Fenestratae)" authorityName="Inaequales (Fenestratae" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[134,414,1154,1174]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="triquetra"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EAD908CE0590" box="[134,241,1154,1174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. triquetra</emphasis> +(Fuhrmann, 1894) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EADA0BBF0590" box="[631,896,1153,1174]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Fenestratae)2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEADA0C550590" box="[1019,1130,1153,1174]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Switzerland</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EADA0D960590" box="[1164,1449,1153,1174]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil and Europe</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EAC10D9605A8" box="[134,1449,1178,1198]" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EAC10A7105A8" box="[134,590,1178,1198]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EAC109BA05A8" authority="(Marcus, 1946) Inaequales (Radiatae)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,389,1178,1198]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trisolena"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EAC108CD05A8" box="[134,242,1178,1198]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. trisolena</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF68EAC109BF05A8" author="MARCUS E." box="[253,384,1178,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EAC10BBF05A8" box="[631,896,1178,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Inaequales (Radiatae)2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEAC10C5505A8" box="[1019,1130,1178,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EAC10D9605A8" box="[1164,1449,1178,1198]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EAE90D9605C0" box="[134,1449,1202,1222]" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EAE90A7105C0" box="[134,590,1202,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EAE9095705C0" authority="(Marcus, 1946) Aequales" authorityName="Aequales" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[134,360,1202,1222]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="uncia"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EAE908EA05C0" box="[134,213,1202,1222]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. uncia</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF75EAE9095C05C0" author="MARCUS E." box="[224,355,1202,1222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus, 1946</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EAE90BBF05C0" box="[631,896,1202,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales2</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEAE90C5505C0" box="[1019,1130,1202,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EAE90D9605C0" box="[1164,1449,1202,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Brazil</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9FEA192A807F0022FF13EA910D9605D8" box="[134,1449,1226,1246]" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<th id="DC3B7056807F0022FF13EA910A7105D8" box="[134,590,1226,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF13EA91098205D8" authority="Norena-Janssen, 1995 Aequales" authorityName="Norena-Janssen" authorityYear="1995" box="[134,445,1226,1246]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="variata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF13EA9108DF05D8" box="[134,224,1226,1246]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. variata</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FF73EA91098205D8" author="NORENA-JANSSEN C." box="[230,445,1226,1246]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="211 - 262" refId="ref7856" refString="NORENA-JANSSEN C. 1995. - Studies on the taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria (Plathelminthes) in the floodplain of the Parana river (Argentina) II. Taxonomy and ecology of the Turbellaria. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 107: 211 - 262." type="journal article" year="1995">Noreña-Janssen, 1995</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FDE2EA910BBF05D8" box="[631,896,1226,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Aequales7</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FC6EEA910C5505D8" box="[1019,1130,1226,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +<td id="DC3B7056807F0022FB19EA910D9605D8" box="[1164,1449,1226,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">Argentina</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B68807FFFD4FF0EE8490980062A" blockId="9.[130,777,1331,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +Another species with similar stylet morphology to the new species is +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF7AE86809BC074A" authorityName="Inaequales (Aberrantes" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[239,387,1586,1613]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complicata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF7AE86809BC074A" box="[239,387,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. complicata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has three groups of spines: one group with two strong parallel outward-curving spines (spines a), the second group with numerous spines in shape of a crown (spines b), and the third group with numerous spines arranged like a ‘brush’ (spines c), longer and broader than spines b ( +<bibRefCitation id="454B6699807FFFD4FE8EE889099807EA" author="MARCUS E." box="[283,423,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" pagination="5 - 254" refId="ref7825" refString="MARCUS E. 1946. - Sobre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 11: 5 - 254." type="journal article" year="1946">Marcus 1946</bibRefCitation> +). However, in contrast to the new species, +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF4FE8A90955060A" authorityName="Inaequales (Aberrantes" baseAuthorityName="Fuhrmann" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[218,362,1778,1804]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complicata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF4FE8A90955060A" box="[218,362,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. complicata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +does not have a fenestrated girdle, and the stylet is longer (100 Μm). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="21651B68807FFFD4FF0EE96A096106ED" blockId="9.[130,777,1331,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730"> +The stylet in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FEA7E9690941064D" authorityName="Adami & Damborenea" authorityYear="2024" box="[306,382,1842,1868]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="reta" status="n. sp."> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FEA7E9690941064D" box="[306,382,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. reta</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="089D7A01807FFFD4FE1DE96909F8064A" box="[392,455,1842,1868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel> +is also similar to the one in +<taxonomicName id="E6DA60EB807FFFD4FF11E909093A066D" authorityName="Inaequales (Fenestratae" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[132,261,1874,1900]" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Gieysztoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="730" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intricata"> +<emphasis id="13AEC77A807FFFD4FF11E909093A066D" box="[132,261,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="730">G. intricata</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has different sets of spines: single and clustered shorter spines, and a fenestrated girdle. However, it can be clearly distinguished from the new species because its stylet is longer (120 Μm) and has a single strong spine with cuticular hairs. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file