<documentid="6BE6BB429910F6E03E6B6BD3A13B818A" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFCB7F07FF05FA2BE6EEDE1A"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma"docType="key"docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="103"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="102"updateTime="1698661961468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="EFF4B1D2D4300EA3AA55846E7B930204">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="2321A4870619DDF8B4403A86C9842A73" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFCB7F07FF05FA2BE6EEDE1A"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma"docType="key"docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="103"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="102"updateTime="1736268968048" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:titleid="AC588ECA301DD1E30206528B06AE7CEB">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
7A. Lower jaw projects beyond snout, not appressed to upper jaw when mouth fully closed; lateral line extends to 1/2 HL before the caudal-fin base..........................................................................
7B. Lower jaw included, not projecting beyond snout, appressed to upper jaw when mouth fully closed; lateral line extends to about anterior 23% of body......................................................................
8A. Five compound teeth on vomer; lateral-line pores present; head pores present on frontal, infraorbital posterior to eye and preopercular.................................................................................
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<mods:titleid="AC968DDBDDA85547C382DA16608B9EAE">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="9000571B3BF29FDD52BBC995CECADA2D" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFD17F1AFF05F8A9E0D3DFE6"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma melanurum Chen & Weng 1967"docType="treatment"docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="98"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="96"updateTime="1736269281465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="E034357B90500A49E6D1C6370AFCD657">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFD17F1CFF05F8A9E1FCD800" authority="Chen & Weng, 1967"authorityName="Chen & Weng"authorityYear="1967"box="[151,654,1797,1822]"class="Insecta"family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Coleoptera" pageId="10"pageNumber="96"phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species"species="melanurum">
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFD17F1CFF05F8A9E1FCD800"ID-CoL="389ZL"authority="Chen & Weng, 1967"authorityName="Chen & Weng"authorityYear="1967"box="[151,654,1797,1822]"family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anguilliformes" pageId="10"pageNumber="96"phylum="Chordata" rank="species"species="melanurum">
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFD17F1CFE0DF8AAE1FCD800"author="Chen"box="[415,654,1797,1822]"pageId="10"pageNumber="96"refString="Chen, J. T. - F. & Weng, H. T. - C. (1967) A review of the apodal fishes of Taiwan. Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series, No. 6 (art. 32), 135 - 220."type="journal article"year="1967">Chen & Weng, 1967</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD17F1CFF05F886E391D85C"box="[151,227,1833,1858]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="11.[151,244,1490,1511]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,407,1468]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,407,1468]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="FIGURE 6. Dysomma melanurum Chen & Weng, 1967. NMMB-P 10949, 2 of 3. A. 285 mm TL. B. 271 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237506/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="96">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD17F1CFF05F886E391D85C"box="[151,227,1833,1858]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="11.[151,244,1490,1511]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,407,1468]"captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,407,1468]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="FIGURE 6. Dysomma melanurum Chen & Weng, 1967. NMMB-P 10949, 2 of 3. A. 285 mm TL. B. 271 mm TL."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237506"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237506/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="96">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A–B;
<tableCitationid="E0280333FFD17F1CFEB5F886E208D85C"box="[295,378,1833,1858]"captionStart="TABLE 2"captionStartId="9.[151,231,151,172]"captionTargetBox="[151,1331,235,1802]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric and meristic data of Dysomma goslinei, Dysomma longirostrum and Dysomma melanurum. Data of D. goslinei and morphometric data of D. longirostrum are adapted from Chen & Mok (2001)."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9D56600FFD27F1FFF05FF38E088DFD1"pageId="10"pageNumber="96"tableUuid="F9D56600FFD27F1FFF05FF38E088DFD1">Table 2</tableCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFD17F1CFEE9F8C4E13CD89F"author="Chen"box="[379,590,1899,1921]"pageId="10"pageNumber="96"refString="Chen, J. T. - F. & Weng, H. T. - C. (1967) A review of the apodal fishes of Taiwan. Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series, No. 6 (art. 32), 135 - 220."type="journal article"year="1967">Chen & Weng, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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<mods:titleid="1EBD2CA02090CEDBE3926AB565DCA7E6">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:titleid="E772B2304A0C6A8B16D6F1AE1D2EA61F">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFD37F1EFF05FACFE1F7DA66" authority="Robins & Robins, 1976"authorityName="Robins & Robins"authorityYear="1976"box="[151,645,1375,1400]"class="Insecta"family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Coleoptera" pageId="8"pageNumber="94"phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species"species="goslinei">
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<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFD37F1EFEE0FAF0E1F7DA66"author="Robins"box="[370,645,1375,1400]"pageId="8"pageNumber="94"refString="Robins, C. H. & Robins, C. R. (1976) New genera and species of dysommine and synaphobranchine eels (Synaphobranchidae) with an analysis of the Dysomminae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 127, 249 - 280."type="journal article"year="1976">Robins & Robins, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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@ -131,23 +131,23 @@ has only 123 total vertebrae, less than 130–131 provided by
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<documentid="FA14ADD56D715BAC6E65217220242381" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFD67F1BFF05FCEBE766D8B0"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma polycatodon Karrer 1983"docType="treatment"docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="99"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="99"updateTime="1698661961468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="04F68EF3D313343456B3B0ADAA719F07">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="B0EC66202C3DE444D9C996CBDA6EA171" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFD67F1BFF05FCEBE766D8B0"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma polycatodon Karrer 1983"docType="treatment"docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="99"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="99"updateTime="1736269281465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="D1242E1EB1D82ECA25EE28E3AF73BCCD">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD67F1BFF05FCC8E3A8DC61"box="[151,218,871,896]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="14.[151,244,1073,1094]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1051]"captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,191,1051]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 7. Dysomma polycatodon Karrer, 1983, NMMB-P 11128, 1 of 2, 333 mm TL, collected from Dong-gang fishing port." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237507/files/figure.png"pageId="13"pageNumber="99">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD67F1BFF05FCC8E3A8DC61"box="[151,218,871,896]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="14.[151,244,1073,1094]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1051]"captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,191,1051]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 7. Dysomma polycatodon Karrer, 1983, NMMB-P 11128, 1 of 2, 333 mm TL, collected from Dong-gang fishing port."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237507"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237507/files/figure.png"pageId="13"pageNumber="99">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="E0280333FFD67F1BFF75FCC8E249DC9E"box="[231,315,871,896]"captionStart="TABLE 3"captionStartId="12.[151,231,470,491]"captionTargetBox="[159,1370,554,1935]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric and meristic data of Dysomma opisthoproctus, Dysomma polycatodon and Dysommina rugosa. Data of D. opisthoproctus are adapted from Chen & Mok (1995)."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9D56600FFD77F1AFF05FE79E1ECDD10"pageId="13"pageNumber="99"tableUuid="F9D56600FFD77F1AFF05FE79E1ECDD10">Table 3</tableCitation>
<documentid="7DDF1B626E19198072BF99293A291B69" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFD77F1BFF05FE87E00DDC0B"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma opisthoproctus Chen & Mok 1995"docType="treatment"docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="99"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="98"updateTime="1698661961468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="95CA543E85EA27E53A5C9EDFBF4496DB">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="01897DF0C8339FD2B6195CB9F9FADB5C" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFD77F1BFF05FE87E00DDC0B"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma opisthoproctus Chen & Mok 1995"docType="treatment"docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="99"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="98"updateTime="1736268968048" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:titleid="8844DE0741EF20BF573EC02E17717DF1">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFD77F1AFF05FE87E1D6DE5E" authority="Chen & Mok, 1995"authorityName="Chen & Mok"authorityYear="1995"box="[151,676,295,320]"class="Insecta"family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Coleoptera" pageId="12"pageNumber="98"phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species"species="opisthoproctus">
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFD77F1AFF05FE87E1D6DE5E"ID-CoL="389ZN"authority="Chen & Mok, 1995"authorityName="Chen & Mok"authorityYear="1995"box="[151,676,295,320]"family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12"pageNumber="98"phylum="Chordata" rank="species"species="opisthoproctus">
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFD77F1AFE53FE88E1D6DE5E"author="Chen"box="[449,676,295,320]"pageId="12"pageNumber="98"refString="Chen, Y. - Y. & Mok, H. - K. (1995) Dysomma opisthoproctus, a new synaphobranchid eel (Pisces: Synaphobranchidae) from the northeastern coast of Taiwan. Copeia, 1995 (4), 927 - 931. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447041"type="journal article"year="1995">Chen & Mok, 1995</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFD77F1AFF05FE3AE1E2DEB4" authority="Chen & Mok, 1995:930"authorityName="Chen & Mok"authorityPageNumber="930"authorityYear="1995"box="[151,656,404,426]"class="Insecta"family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Coleoptera" pageId="12"pageNumber="98"phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species"species="opisthoproctus">
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFD77F1AFF05FE3AE1E2DEB4"ID-CoL="389ZN"authority="Chen & Mok, 1995:930"authorityName="Chen & Mok"authorityPageNumber="930"authorityYear="1995"box="[151,656,404,426]"family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12"pageNumber="98"phylum="Chordata" rank="species"species="opisthoproctus">
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFD77F1AFE0CFE3BE116DEB4"author="Chen"box="[414,612,404,426]"pageId="12"pageNumber="98"refString="Chen, Y. - Y. & Mok, H. - K. (1995) Dysomma opisthoproctus, a new synaphobranchid eel (Pisces: Synaphobranchidae) from the northeastern coast of Taiwan. Copeia, 1995 (4), 927 - 931. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447041"type="journal article"year="1995">Chen & Mok, 1995</bibRefCitation>
by having a pectoral fin (vs. absent) and 7 or 8 larger compound teeth on lower jaw (vs. 4 or 5 small compound teeth followed by 1 or 2 irregular rows of small blunt teeth on lower jaw) and 120 total vertebrae (vs. 147–156). It differs from
by having 2 intermaxillary teeth (vs. 0), a relatively short snout (22.0% vs. 32.1% HL), 7 or 8 large compound teeth (vs. small multiserial teeth) on lower jaw, 120 (vs. 130) total vertebrae, and lacking POP pores (vs. 2 POP pores). It is also similar to
<documentid="30E20B15475C2800CC82AA6E7403B99C" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFDA7F13FF05FC30E09FDEB3"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma taiwanensis Ho, Smith & Tighe, 2015, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="91"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="87"updateTime="1698661961468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="4E883829946998526080363783EECA7E">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="64A39BD98466C299C4C0F40C8F163FAE" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFDA7F13FF05FC30E09FDEB3"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma taiwanensis Ho, Smith & Tighe, 2015, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="91"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="87"updateTime="1736269281465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="1ECF76D715789C0E2E54615301E05A28">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFDA7F17FF05FBAFE3AADB08"box="[151,216,1024,1046]"captionStart="FIGURE 1"captionStartId="2.[151,244,1592,1613]"captionTargetBox="[153,1436,335,1541]"captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1570]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="FIGURE 1. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P 11115, 496 mm TL, the black line denotes the joining of the anterior and posterior halves, which were imaged separately and merged for this figure. B. Paratype, NMMB-P 22194, 443 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237501/files/figure.png"pageId="1"pageNumber="87">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFDA7F17FF05FBAFE3AADB08"box="[151,216,1024,1046]"captionStart="FIGURE 1"captionStartId="2.[151,244,1592,1613]"captionTargetBox="[153,1436,335,1541]"captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1570]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="FIGURE 1. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P 11115, 496 mm TL, the black line denotes the joining of the anterior and posterior halves, which were imaged separately and merged for this figure. B. Paratype, NMMB-P 22194, 443 mm TL."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237501"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237501/files/figure.png"pageId="1"pageNumber="87">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–B, 2A–B;
<tableCitationid="E0280333FFDA7F17FEF0FBAFE2DFDB08"box="[354,429,1024,1046]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="3.[151,231,151,172]"captionTargetBox="[159,1386,199,1708]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov., Dysomma anguillare and Dysomma dolichosomatum."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9D56600FFD87F15FF05FF38E6E2DFB2"pageId="1"pageNumber="87"tableUuid="F9D56600FFD87F15FF05FF38E6E2DFB2">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ in parentheses. Head relatively short, 12.8 (10.5–12.7)% TL; origin of dorsal
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="AD153688FFDA7F17FF55F941E736D86D"blockId="1.[151,1437,1090,2015]"pageId="1"pageNumber="87">Body moderately slender, head and trunk somewhat cylindrical, becoming gradually compressed to rear end; body width at anus 3.5 (2.2–2.8)% TL; body depth relatively uniform, depth at anus 5.3 (2.5–4.2)% TL, narrowing gradually to caudal fin; depth of gill opening 4.7 (3.4–3.7)% TL. Dorsal and anal fins low and fleshy, continuous with a small caudal fin. Pectoral fin well-developed, at upper corner of gill opening.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="AD153688FFDA7F14FF55F8D1E017DE03"blockId="1.[151,1437,1090,2015]"lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,285]"lastPageId="2"lastPageNumber="88"pageId="1"pageNumber="87">Head slender in profile; snout blunt anteriorly and broad dorsally, covered by many short papillae, snout length 22.2 (24.4–26.7)% HL; tip of snout projecting slightly beyond lower jaw; eye small, covered by a thick and semitransparent membrane; eye diameter 6.1 (4.7–7.5)% HL; interorbital space broad, slightly elevated, its width 14.8 (13.9–15.1)% HL; postorbital space very wide. Anterior nostrils tubular, directed anteroventrally. Posterior nostril rounded, below anterior margin of eye, opening directed posteroventrally. Lower jaw shorter than upper, its tip reaching first pore of supraorbital series. Mouth gape far behind eye, upper jaw length 43.1 (41.1–42.2)% HL. Tongue well-attached to mouth floor. Gill opening a narrow slit.</paragraph>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD97F14FDC1F914E1EBD9CD"box="[595,665,1723,1748]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="4.[151,244,1091,1112]"captionTargetBox="[500,1091,269,1063]"captionTargetId="figure@4.[496,1091,263,1069]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov., from the holotype. A. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of lateral view of head. B. Semidiagrammatic illustration of dentition of upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right). Arrows indicate anteriormost pores of supraorbital series." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237502/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="88">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD97F14FDC1F914E1EBD9CD"box="[595,665,1723,1748]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="4.[151,244,1091,1112]"captionTargetBox="[500,1091,269,1063]"captionTargetId="figure@4.[496,1091,263,1069]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov., from the holotype. A. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of lateral view of head. B. Semidiagrammatic illustration of dentition of upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right). Arrows indicate anteriormost pores of supraorbital series."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237502"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237502/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="88">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Supraorbital pores 3, all restricted to anterior portion of snout; infraorbital pores 4, 2 pores between nostrils and 2 below eye; mandibular pores 6, all under mouth gape; preopercular pores 0; adnasal 1; supratemporal commissure 0; frontal 0. Lateral line incomplete, extending to midbody, predorsal 5 (4 or 5), prepectoral 7 (4 or 5), preanal 12 (9–12) and total 45 (right)/48 (left) (40–45).
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD97F14FE89F8E4E217D87D"box="[283,357,1867,1892]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="4.[151,244,1091,1112]"captionTargetBox="[500,1091,269,1063]"captionTargetId="figure@4.[496,1091,263,1069]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov., from the holotype. A. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of lateral view of head. B. Semidiagrammatic illustration of dentition of upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right). Arrows indicate anteriormost pores of supraorbital series." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237502/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="88">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD97F14FE89F8E4E217D87D"box="[283,357,1867,1892]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="4.[151,244,1091,1112]"captionTargetBox="[500,1091,269,1063]"captionTargetId="figure@4.[496,1091,263,1069]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURE 2. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov., from the holotype. A. Semi-diagrammatic illustration of lateral view of head. B. Semidiagrammatic illustration of dentition of upper jaw (left) and lower jaw (right). Arrows indicate anteriormost pores of supraorbital series."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237502"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237502/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="88">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B) small and pointed. Intermaxillary teeth 2, side-by-side, followed by 4 large compound vomerine teeth, uniserial, the third one largest. Maxillary with 3 to 4 irregular rows of small teeth, those in inner row slightly larger than the rest. Lower jaw with single row of 7 (7–10) large compound teeth; two smaller
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD87F15FC86F8D4E02FD88A"box="[788,861,1915,1940]"captionStart="FIGURE 1"captionStartId="2.[151,244,1592,1613]"captionTargetBox="[153,1436,335,1541]"captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1570]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="FIGURE 1. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P 11115, 496 mm TL, the black line denotes the joining of the anterior and posterior halves, which were imaged separately and merged for this figure. B. Paratype, NMMB-P 22194, 443 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237501/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="89">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFD87F15FC86F8D4E02FD88A"box="[788,861,1915,1940]"captionStart="FIGURE 1"captionStartId="2.[151,244,1592,1613]"captionTargetBox="[153,1436,335,1541]"captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,335,1570]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="FIGURE 1. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, NMMB-P 11115, 496 mm TL, the black line denotes the joining of the anterior and posterior halves, which were imaged separately and merged for this figure. B. Paratype, NMMB-P 22194, 443 mm TL."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237501"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237501/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="89">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–B), uniformly brownish including all fins; lower part of posterior one-eighth of body darker, with black base and margin on rear part of anal fin and lower part of caudal fin. Peritoneum dark grayish. Mouth cavity light brownish.
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDF7F12FC42F88CE715D825"author="Alcock"box="[976,1127,1827,1852]"pageId="4"pageNumber="90"refString="Alcock, A. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 13. On the bathybial fishes of the Bay of Bengal and neighbouring waters, obtained during the seasons 1885 - 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 4 (24), 450 - 461."type="journal article"year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having single row of 7– 10 large compound teeth on the lower jaw (vs. single row of many small teeth) and 137–139 total vertebrae (vs. 107), and from
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFDF7F12FEDBF8C3E0EFD89D"authority="Karrer & Klausewitz, 1982"authorityName="Karrer & Klausewitz"authorityYear="1982"box="[329,925,1899,1924]"class="Insecta"family="Curculionidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Coleoptera" pageId="4"pageNumber="90"phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species"species="fuscoventralis">
<taxonomicNameid="6AAA4D0BFFDF7F12FEDBF8C3E0EFD89D"authority="Karrer & Klausewitz, 1982"authorityName="Karrer & Klausewitz"authorityYear="1982"box="[329,925,1899,1924]"family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Dysomma"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4"pageNumber="90"phylum="Chordata" rank="species"species="fuscoventralis">
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDF7F12FDF5F8C3E0EFD89D"author="Karrer"box="[615,925,1899,1924]"pageId="4"pageNumber="90"refString="Karrer, C. & Klausewitz, W. (1982) Tiefenwasser- und Tiefseefische aus dem Roten Meer. II. Dysomma fuscoventralis n. sp., ein Tiefsee-Aal aus dem zentralen Roten Meer (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Dysomminae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 62 (4 / 6), 199 - 203."type="journal article"year="1982">Karrer & Klausewitz, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
@ -540,42 +540,42 @@ by having 137–139 total vertebrae (vs. 119– 124), 40–48 total lateral-line
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDF7F12FC8EF81CE0A1D8D5"author="Facciola"box="[796,979,1971,1996]"pageId="4"pageNumber="90"refString="Facciola, L. (1887) Intorno a due Lepadogastrini ed un nuovo Nettastoma del mare di Sicilia. Lettera al Ch. Dott. Cristoforo Bellotti. Naturalista Siciliano, 6, 163 - 167, pl. 3."type="journal article"year="1887">Facciolà, 1887</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDF7F12FB24F81CE62DD8D5"author="Alcock"box="[1206,1375,1971,1996]"pageId="4"pageNumber="90"refString="Alcock, A. W. (1891) Class Pisces. In: II. -- Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. -- Series II., No. 1. On the results of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890 - 91. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (43 / 44), 16 - 34, 119 - 138, pls. 7 - 8."type="journal article"year="1891">Alcock, 1891</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDF7F12FD97F878E007D8F1"author="Robins"box="[517,885,2007,2032]"pageId="4"pageNumber="90"refString="Robins, C. H. & Robins, C. R. (1989) Family Synaphobranchidae. In: Bohlke, E. B. (Ed.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, 1 (Part 9), 207 - 253."type="journal article"year="1989">Robins, Böhlke & Robins, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of well-developed pectoral fins (vs. without pectoral fin) and total vertebrae 137–139 (vs. 146–204); from
by the presence of two intermaxillary teeth (vs. without intermaxillary teeth) and a single row of large compound teeth on the lower jaw (vs. multiple series of small teeth); and from
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<mods:titleid="8C689727ED4AC28C85836199DC875EB1">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="9B7EA7B223F7C531638F826451B846AD" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFDA7F17FF05FE50E1B2DC71"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma Alcock 1889"docType="treatment"docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="87"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="87"updateTime="1736268968048" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:titleid="206F27B8DE111D95E46BFA870EAAA509">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDA7F17FE83FE51E2DBDD09"author="Alcock"box="[273,425,510,535]"pageId="1"pageNumber="87"refString="Alcock, A. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 13. On the bathybial fishes of the Bay of Bengal and neighbouring waters, obtained during the seasons 1885 - 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 4 (24), 450 - 461."type="journal article"year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDA7F17FE90FDE9E2FEDD42"author="Alcock"box="[258,396,582,604]"pageId="1"pageNumber="87"refString="Alcock, A. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 13. On the bathybial fishes of the Bay of Bengal and neighbouring waters, obtained during the seasons 1885 - 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 4 (24), 450 - 461."type="journal article"year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDA7F17FCA1FDE9E0CCDD42"author="Alcock"box="[819,958,582,604]"pageId="1"pageNumber="87"refString="Alcock, A. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ' Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 13. On the bathybial fishes of the Bay of Bengal and neighbouring waters, obtained during the seasons 1885 - 1889. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 4 (24), 450 - 461."type="journal article"year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
with a row of large compound teeth on the vomer and the following combination of characters: body stout to moderately elongate, slightly compressed in head and trunk; scales absent; pectoral fin present or not; dorsal-fin origin in front of anus; intermaxillary teeth present or not; snout projects slightly beyond lower jaw (except for
<documentid="52F7062A00386F365AD236BCDD241C53" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFDC7F1EFF05FF37E393DA2E"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma dolichosomatum Karrer 1983"docType="treatment"docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="94"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="93"updateTime="1698661961468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="9F459C48733C5FCCD28AAA3EDA2B4F6D">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="108AA2DCF38F20532A3F42206CB12169" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFDC7F1EFF05FF37E393DA2E"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma dolichosomatum Karrer 1983"docType="treatment"docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="94"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="93"updateTime="1736269281465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="EEDBD0A68335D919C924F912EBBED66C">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFDC7F11FF05FF13E391DFCA"box="[151,227,188,213]"captionStart="FIGURE 4"captionStartId="7.[151,244,1706,1727]"captionTargetBox="[174,1404,395,1649]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,365,1685]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIGURE 4. Dysomma dolichosomatum Karrer, 1983. NMMB-P 11130. A. 269 mm TL. B. 231 mm TL. Collected from Dong-gang fishing port." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237504/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="93">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFDC7F11FF05FF13E391DFCA"box="[151,227,188,213]"captionStart="FIGURE 4"captionStartId="7.[151,244,1706,1727]"captionTargetBox="[174,1404,395,1649]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,365,1685]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIGURE 4. Dysomma dolichosomatum Karrer, 1983. NMMB-P 11130. A. 269 mm TL. B. 231 mm TL. Collected from Dong-gang fishing port."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237504"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237504/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="93">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
A–B;
<tableCitationid="E0280333FFDC7F11FEB5FF13E208DFCA"box="[295,378,188,213]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="3.[151,231,151,172]"captionTargetBox="[159,1386,199,1708]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov., Dysomma anguillare and Dysomma dolichosomatum."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9D56600FFD87F15FF05FF38E6E2DFB2"pageId="7"pageNumber="93"tableUuid="F9D56600FFD87F15FF05FF38E6E2DFB2">Table 1</tableCitation>
. It is usually collected by midwater trawlers together with many mesopelagic fishes, which would indicate pelagic living. However, many specimens are also found to feed on polychelids, a demersal shrimp family.
is the only species found to possess one preopercular pore and a very short lateral line, with only 9–11 pores, among all Taiwanese species. It is similar to
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFD37F1EFF21FC58E2CFDB0E"author="Robins"box="[179,445,1015,1040]"pageId="8"pageNumber="94"refString="Robins, C. H. & Robins, C. R. (1989) Family Synaphobranchidae. In: Bohlke, E. B. (Ed.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, 1 (Part 9), 207 - 253."type="journal article"year="1989">Robins & Robins, 1989</bibRefCitation>
specimen out of NMMB-P 11121 had a relatively long predorsal measurement (23.4 % of TL) and high predorsal vertebral count (25 vertebrae). While it is possible that this specimen may represent a different species, the close correspondence of all other counts and measurements with the other specimens of
<documentid="3FA46FAF358E4BD49C64DE5B8E1D7A9D" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFDE7F10FF05FE73E650D8B3"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma anguillare Barnard 1923"docType="treatment"docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="92"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="91"updateTime="1698661961468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="DB06EA4CDCFCE809D66E39A48C1D6593">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<documentid="A1891D76EDE147A10173A1306BE2B15F" ID-CLB-Dataset="39199"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca0b84ea-10e9-4bc9-9fa7-e80cf743106b"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237500"ID-ZooBank="DCE83F63-6CBE-4166-884F-347DF0BEBB62"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461365145587"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G. & Tighe, Kenneth A."docDate="2015"docId="2503879EFFDE7F10FF05FE73E650D8B3"docLanguage="en"docName="zt04060p104.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 4060 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Dysomma anguillare Barnard 1923"docType="treatment"docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="92"masterDocId="D93AFFE6FFDB7F16FF92FFAFE372DF1E"masterDocTitle="Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)"masterLastPageNumber="104"masterPageNumber="86"pageNumber="91"updateTime="1736269281465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="04176D1FA08ACF9445A785D7BE2C3A53">Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae)</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDE7F13FE02FE73E14FDEEB"author="Barnard"box="[400,573,476,501]"pageId="5"pageNumber="91"refString="Barnard, K. H. (1923) Diagnoses of new species of marine fishes from South African waters. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (pt 8, no. 14), 439 - 445."type="journal article"year="1923">Barnard, 1923</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFDE7F13FF05FE50E385DD06"box="[151,247,511,536]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="6.[151,244,1666,1687]"captionTargetBox="[151,1424,263,1623]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,263,1644]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURE 3. Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923. A. NMMB-P 11125, 1 of 9, 372 mm TL. B. Unregistered specimen, ca. 300 mm TL. Both collected from Dong-gang fishing port." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237503/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="91">Figure 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="35912A0DFFDE7F13FF05FE50E385DD06"box="[151,247,511,536]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="6.[151,244,1666,1687]"captionTargetBox="[151,1424,263,1623]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,263,1644]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURE 3. Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923. A. NMMB-P 11125, 1 of 9, 372 mm TL. B. Unregistered specimen, ca. 300 mm TL. Both collected from Dong-gang fishing port."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237503"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237503/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="91">Figure 3</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="E0280333FFDE7F13FE96FE50E224DD06"box="[260,342,511,536]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="3.[151,231,151,172]"captionTargetBox="[159,1386,199,1708]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov., Dysomma anguillare and Dysomma dolichosomatum."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F9D56600FFD87F15FF05FF38E6E2DFB2"pageId="5"pageNumber="91"tableUuid="F9D56600FFD87F15FF05FF38E6E2DFB2">Table 1</tableCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDE7F13FEE9FDE7E17CDD40"author="Barnard"box="[379,526,584,606]"pageId="5"pageNumber="91"refString="Barnard, K. H. (1923) Diagnoses of new species of marine fishes from South African waters. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (pt 8, no. 14), 439 - 445."type="journal article"year="1923">Barnard, 1923</bibRefCitation>
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ locality: off Tugela River mouth, KwaZulu-Natal,
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDE7F13FEE3FD4EE152DDE9"author="Matsubara"box="[369,544,737,759]"pageId="5"pageNumber="91"refString="Matsubara, K. (1936) Studies on the deep-sea fishes of Japan. I. On a new apodal fish, Dysomma japonicus, with an emendation of the genus Dysomma. Zoological Magazine Tokyo, 48 (11), 960 - 962."type="journal article"year="1936">Matsubara, 1936</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDE7F13FE11FCD5E153DC8E"author="Ginsburg"box="[387,545,890,912]"pageId="5"pageNumber="91"refString="Ginsburg, I. (1951) The eels of the northern Gulf Coast of the United States and some related species. Texas Journal of Science, 3 (3), 431 - 485."type="journal article"year="1951">Ginsburg, 1951</bibRefCitation>
@ -404,10 +404,10 @@ Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to pectoral-fin base,
<bibRefCitationid="C93B4B79FFDD7F10FF05FF13E2D1DFCA"author="Robins"box="[151,419,188,213]"pageId="6"pageNumber="92"refString="Robins, C. H. & Robins, C. R. (1989) Family Synaphobranchidae. In: Bohlke, E. B. (Ed.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoirs of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research, 1 (Part 9), 207 - 253."type="journal article"year="1989">Robins & Robins, 1989</bibRefCitation>
Widespread in the Indo-west Pacific and Atlantic oceans, although the taxonomic status of the various geographic populations is still to be determined. In
<documentid="58E8A453AE348C48124DF6BAFFA2B9ED" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3936.1.2"ID-GBIF-Dataset="60942119-aabc-4fba-b245-ac8441ca2397"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237278"ID-ZooBank="B1F90AE0-B6C4-449B-B9B5-2E47DF321910"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461012853524"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian"docDate="2015"docId="2E7387E1EF12FFAFFF76FDC8FE2EFAFA"docLanguage="en"docName="zt03936p070.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 3936 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Xenopus gilli Rose and Hewitt 1927"docType="treatment"docVersion="7" masterDocId="D24AFF99EF0AFFB7FFE1FFADFFECFF91"masterDocTitle="Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians"updateTime="1698567897935" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:titleid="63DB393A953300FB157AFF3E761AFC9B">Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians</mods:title>
<documentid="CB5A9AF5CBA6DE93EE22CB61365D7C54" ID-CLB-Dataset="41843" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3936.1.2"ID-GBIF-Dataset="60942119-aabc-4fba-b245-ac8441ca2397"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="237278"ID-ZooBank="B1F90AE0-B6C4-449B-B9B5-2E47DF321910"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1461012853524"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian"docDate="2015"docId="2E7387E1EF12FFAFFF76FDC8FE2EFAFA"docLanguage="en"docName="zt03936p070.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 3936 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Xenopus gilli Rose and Hewitt 1927"docType="treatment"docVersion="10" masterDocId="D24AFF99EF0AFFB7FFE1FFADFFECFF91"masterDocTitle="Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians"updateTime="1736268745442" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="755D173537D871179DAC53E1B632EC65">Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="61DA4D74EF12FFAFFF76FDC8FDBCFDEE" authority="Rose and Hewitt 1927"authorityName="Rose and Hewitt"authorityYear="1927"box="[151,592,613,639]"class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenopus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Coleoptera" pageId="24"phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species"species="gilli">
<taxonomicNameid="61DA4D74EF12FFAFFF76FDC8FDBCFDEE"ID-CoL="5CBC4"authority="Rose and Hewitt 1927"authorityName="Rose and Hewitt"authorityYear="1927"box="[151,592,613,639]"class="Amphibia" family="Pipidae" genus="Xenopus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura" pageId="24"phylum="Chordata" rank="species"species="gilli">
<bibRefCitationid="C24B4B06EF12FFAFFEDFFDC8FDBCFDEE"author="Rose"box="[318,592,613,639]"pageId="24"refString="Rose, W. & Hewitt, J. (1927) Description of a new species of Xenopus from the Cape Peninsula. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 14, 343 - 346. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359192609519642"type="journal article"year="1927">Rose and Hewitt 1927</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="3EE12A72EF12FFAFFCB2FD01FC58FD53"box="[851,948,684,706]"captionStart-0="FIGURE 1"captionStart-1="FIGURE 2"captionStart-2="FIGURE 3"captionStart-3="FIGURE 4"captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1231,1253]"captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1199,1221]"captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1124,1146]"captionStartId-3="14.[151,250,1581,1603]"captionTargetBox-0="[319,1265,523,1175]"captionTargetBox-1="[364,1225,198,1169]"captionTargetBox-2="[323,1261,199,1090]"captionTargetBox-3="[409,1175,276,1547]"captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[294,1292,483,1210]"captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[354,1233,193,1177]"captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[314,1273,195,1102]"captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[396,1192,265,1560]"captionTargetPageId-0="7"captionTargetPageId-1="9"captionTargetPageId-2="12"captionTargetPageId-3="14"captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Family Pyxicephalidae I: A—Lectotype of Anhydrophryne rattrayi (PEM A 6334), B—Lectotype of Arthroleptella bicolor villiersi (PEM A 1568), C—Holotype of Arthroleptella drewesii (PEM A 2319), D—Holotype of Arthroleptella landdrosia (PEM A 7123)."captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Family Breviciptidae: A—Holotype of Breviceps acutirostris (PEM A 1540), B—Lectotype of Breviceps fuscus (PEM A 4826), C—Lectotype of Breviceps tympanifer (PEM A 4811), D—Lectotype of Breviceps parvus (PEM A 1534), E—Lectotype of Breviceps parvus caffer (PEM A 849)."captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Family Bufonidae I: A— Lectotype of Bufo fenoulheti rhodesianus (PEM A 9079), B—Lectotye of Bufo fenoulheti (PEM A 825), C— Lectotype of Bufo angusticeps amatolica (PEM A 828), D—Holotype of Bufo robinsoni (PEM A 2492), E— Holotype of Bufo gariepensis nubicola (PEM A 2513), F—Lectotype of Bufo rosei (PEM A 5132)."captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Family Bufonidae II: A—Lectotype of Bufo regularis pardalis (PEM A 837), B—Lectotype of Bufo regularis rangeri (PEM A 822)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/237279/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/237280/files/figure.png"httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/237281/files/figure.png"httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/237282/files/figure.png"pageId="24">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="3EE12A72EF12FFAFFCB2FD01FC58FD53"box="[851,948,684,706]"captionStart-0="FIGURE 1"captionStart-1="FIGURE 2"captionStart-2="FIGURE 3"captionStart-3="FIGURE 4"captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1231,1253]"captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1199,1221]"captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1124,1146]"captionStartId-3="14.[151,250,1581,1603]"captionTargetBox-0="[319,1265,523,1175]"captionTargetBox-1="[364,1225,198,1169]"captionTargetBox-2="[323,1261,199,1090]"captionTargetBox-3="[409,1175,276,1547]"captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[294,1292,483,1210]"captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[354,1233,193,1177]"captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[314,1273,195,1102]"captionTargetId-3="figure@14.[396,1192,265,1560]"captionTargetPageId-0="7"captionTargetPageId-1="9"captionTargetPageId-2="12"captionTargetPageId-3="14"captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Family Pyxicephalidae I: A—Lectotype of Anhydrophryne rattrayi (PEM A 6334), B—Lectotype of Arthroleptella bicolor villiersi (PEM A 1568), C—Holotype of Arthroleptella drewesii (PEM A 2319), D—Holotype of Arthroleptella landdrosia (PEM A 7123)."captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Family Breviciptidae: A—Holotype of Breviceps acutirostris (PEM A 1540), B—Lectotype of Breviceps fuscus (PEM A 4826), C—Lectotype of Breviceps tympanifer (PEM A 4811), D—Lectotype of Breviceps parvus (PEM A 1534), E—Lectotype of Breviceps parvus caffer (PEM A 849)."captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Family Bufonidae I: A— Lectotype of Bufo fenoulheti rhodesianus (PEM A 9079), B—Lectotye of Bufo fenoulheti (PEM A 825), C— Lectotype of Bufo angusticeps amatolica (PEM A 828), D—Holotype of Bufo robinsoni (PEM A 2492), E— Holotype of Bufo gariepensis nubicola (PEM A 2513), F—Lectotype of Bufo rosei (PEM A 5132)."captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Family Bufonidae II: A—Lectotype of Bufo regularis pardalis (PEM A 837), B—Lectotype of Bufo regularis rangeri (PEM A 822)."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237279"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237280"figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237281"figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.237282"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/237279/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/237280/files/figure.png"httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/237281/files/figure.png"httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/237282/files/figure.png"pageId="24">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
<mods:titleid="28BEBCCA35601DF49D038448B883BDDD">Redescription of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) - a kinorhynch tolerant to very low salinities</mods:title>
<documentid="B7D74B3541033D6262E629E962CBA2B8" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.436"ID-GBIF-Dataset="760311d4-67ec-4b7a-82a9-3b976c5e7e3a"ID-ISSN="2118-9773"ID-Zenodo-Dep="1255115"ID-ZooBank="37D0E672-FD6F-47B5-8768-E34677E02D94"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme"IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1527606654325"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Sørensen, Martin V."docDate="2018"docId="B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32"docLanguage="en"docName="ejt-436_sorensen.pdf.imf"docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 436"docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911"docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Echinoderes levanderi Karling 1954"docType="treatment"docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12"masterDocId="4436FFBBFFCAAB42FFD27C31D254FFCD"masterDocTitle="Redescription of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) - a kinorhynch tolerant to very low salinities"masterLastPageNumber="17"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="5"updateTime="1736269092758" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="0CE22BB78CA5490D7D1C6FEE63AB3458">Redescription of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) - a kinorhynch tolerant to very low salinities</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="54374B24FFCEAB46FC867FE1D1A3FC26"box="[852,1015,976,1003]"pageId="4"pageNumber="5"refId="ref6304"refString="Karling T. G. 1954. Echinoderes levanderi n. sp. (Kinorhyncha) aus der Ostsee. Arkiv for Zoologi 7: 189 - 192."type="journal article">Karling, 1954</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCEAB46FD727FC2D15CFBC3"box="[672,776,1011,1038]"captionStart-0="Fig. 2"captionStart-1="Fig. 3"captionStart-2="Fig. 4"captionStartId-0="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionStartId-1="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionStartId-2="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox-0="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetBox-1="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetBox-2="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId-0="6"captionTargetPageId-1="7"captionTargetPageId-2="8"captionText-0="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"captionText-1="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."captionText-2="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCEAB46FD727FC2D15CFBC3"box="[672,776,1011,1038]"captionStart-0="Fig. 2"captionStart-1="Fig. 3"captionStart-2="Fig. 4"captionStartId-0="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionStartId-1="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionStartId-2="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox-0="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetBox-1="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetBox-2="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId-0="6"captionTargetPageId-1="7"captionTargetPageId-2="8"captionText-0="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"captionText-1="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."captionText-2="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFCEAB46FCC67FC2D1C0FBC3"box="[788,916,1011,1038]"captionStart-0="Table 1"captionStart-1="Table 2"captionStart-2="Table 3"captionStartId-0="3.[188,257,564,590]"captionStartId-1="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionStartId-2="10.[189,258,268,294]"captionText-0="Table 1. Summary of available data on stations, species identities and catalogue numbers (SMNH-) for kinorhynch species deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Some positions are approximate due to limited locality information. All specimens were originally identified and filed as Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. Question marks refer to missing data/information."captionText-1="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character."captionText-2="Table 3. Summary of nature and location of sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, tubes and spines arranged by series in Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic characters. Abbreviations: LA: lateral accessory; LD: Laterodorsal; LV: lateroventral; MD: middorsal; ML: midlateral; PD: paradorsal; SD: subdorsal; SL: sublateral; VL: ventrolateral; VM: ventromedial; ac, acicular spine; gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic characters; * marks structures that do not appear consistently in all specimens; # marks asymmetrical structures present only in one side of the specimen." pageId="4"pageNumber="5">Tables 1–3</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFCEAB46FCC67FC2D1C0FBC3"box="[788,916,1011,1038]"captionStart-0="Table 1"captionStart-1="Table 2"captionStart-2="Table 3"captionStartId-0="3.[188,257,564,590]"captionStartId-1="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionStartId-2="10.[189,258,268,294]"captionTargetPageId-0="3"captionTargetPageId-1="9"captionTargetPageId-2="10"captionText-0="Table 1. Summary of available data on stations, species identities and catalogue numbers (SMNH-) for kinorhynch species deposited at the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Some positions are approximate due to limited locality information. All specimens were originally identified and filed as Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. Question marks refer to missing data/information."captionText-1="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character."captionText-2="Table 3. Summary of nature and location of sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, tubes and spines arranged by series in Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic characters. Abbreviations: LA: lateral accessory; LD: Laterodorsal; LV: lateroventral; MD: middorsal; ML: midlateral; PD: paradorsal; SD: subdorsal; SL: sublateral; VL: ventrolateral; VM: ventromedial; ac, acicular spine; gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic characters; * marks structures that do not appear consistently in all specimens; # marks asymmetrical structures present only in one side of the specimen."httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D9665DFFC9AB41FF6E7E05D69CFD59"httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1"httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D9665DFFC0AB48FF6F7D3DD65EFDF2"pageId="4"pageNumber="5" tableUuid-0="64D9665DFFC9AB41FF6E7E05D69CFD59"tableUuid-1="64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1"tableUuid-2="64D9665DFFC0AB48FF6F7D3DD65EFDF2">Tables 1–3</tableCitation>
<specimenCodeid="60009EAEFFCEAB46FBE17AA9D6B9F97E"box="[1075,1261,1688,1715]"collectionCode="SMNH"country="Canada"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is"name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">SMNH 157571</specimenCode>
<specimenCodeid="60009EAEFFCEAB46FE7E7A8AD033F91B"box="[428,615,1723,1750]"collectionCode="SMNH"country="Canada"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is"name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">SMNH 157573</specimenCode>
<specimenCodeid="60009EAEFFCEAB46FE897B33D042F8D1"box="[347,534,1793,1820]"collectionCode="SMNH"country="Canada"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is"name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">SMNH 157578</specimenCode>
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCEAB46FF6F7B72D648F84D"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474800"collectingDate="2011-05-26"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Albertsson"elevation="-64" latitude="63.389168"location="Bothnian Sea"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="19.8575"municipality="SE of Järnäshamn" pageId="4"pageNumber="5"specimenCode="SMNH 128787"specimenCount="15"specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="4"stateProvince="GULF OF BOTHNIA">
<locationid="3579600EFFCEAB46FE087B72D0D4F890"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32:3579600EFFCEAB46FE087B72D0D4F890"box="[474,640,1859,1885]"latitude="63.389168"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="19.8575"municipality="SE of Järnäshamn" name="Bothnian Sea"pageId="4"pageNumber="5"stateProvince="GULF OF BOTHNIA">Bothnian Sea</location>
<locationid="3579600EFFCEAB46FE087B72D0D4F890"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32:3579600EFFCEAB46FE087B72D0D4F890"box="[474,640,1859,1885]"latitude="63.389168"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="19.8575"municipality="Jarnashamn" name="Bothnian Sea"pageId="4"pageNumber="5"stateProvince="GULF OF BOTHNIA">Bothnian Sea</location>
<collectingMunicipalityid="D07DACAFFFCEAB46FC527B72D602F890"box="[896,1110,1859,1885]"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">SE of Järnäshamn</collectingMunicipality>
<specimenCodeid="60009EAEFFCEAB46FC837B57D65AF84D"box="[849,1038,1894,1920]"collectionCode="SMNH"country="Canada"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is"name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">SMNH 128787</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCEAB46FBF67B57D694F869"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474802"collectingDate="1974-04-17"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Martin"elevation="-60" latitude="61.439167"location="NE of Ljusne"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="17.628056"municipality="Umea"pageId="4"pageNumber="5"specimenCode="SMNH 157579"specimenCount="4"specimenCount-female="2"specimenCount-male="2">
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCEAB46FBF67B57D694F869"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474802"collectingDate="1974-04-17"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Martin"elevation="60" latitude="61.439167"location="NE of Ljusne"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="17.628056"municipality="Umea"pageId="4"pageNumber="5"specimenCode="SMNH 157579"specimenCount="4"specimenCount-female="2"specimenCount-male="2">
<locationid="3579600EFFCEAB46FB1F7B56D726F84D"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32:3579600EFFCEAB46FB1F7B56D726F84D"box="[1229,1394,1894,1921]"latitude="61.439167"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="17.628056"municipality="Umea"name="NE of Ljusne"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">NE of Ljusne</location>
<specimenCodeid="60009EAEFFCEAB46FC267BBBD6E7F869"box="[1012,1203,1929,1956]"collectionCode="SMNH"country="Canada"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is"name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">SMNH 157579</specimenCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCEAB46FB197BBBD298F827"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474807"collectingDate="1974-04-17"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Martin"elevation="-220" latitude="62.585278"location="E of Harnösand" longLatPrecision="17"longitude="19.056944"municipality="Umea"pageId="4"pageNumber="5"specimenCode="SMNH 157580"specimenCount="3"specimenCount-female="2"specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCEAB46FB197BBBD298F827"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474807"collectingDate="1974-04-17"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Martin"elevation="220" latitude="62.585278"location="E of Harnosand" longLatPrecision="17"longitude="19.056944"municipality="Umea"pageId="4"pageNumber="5"specimenCode="SMNH 157580"specimenCount="3"specimenCount-female="2"specimenCount-male="1">
<locationid="3579600EFFCEAB46FAB77BBBD336F80A"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32:3579600EFFCEAB46FAB77BBBD336F80A"latitude="62.585278"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="19.056944"municipality="Umea"name="E of Harnösand" pageId="4"pageNumber="5">E of Harnösand</location>
<locationid="3579600EFFCEAB46FAB77BBBD336F80A"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32:3579600EFFCEAB46FAB77BBBD336F80A"latitude="62.585278"longLatPrecision="17"longitude="19.056944"municipality="Umea"name="E of Harnosand" pageId="4"pageNumber="5">E of Harnösand</location>
<specimenCodeid="60009EAEFFCEAB46FB7E7B9CD73EF80A"box="[1196,1386,1964,1991]"collectionCode="SMNH"country="Canada"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is"name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History"pageId="4"pageNumber="5">SMNH 157580</specimenCode>
). –
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCEAB46FF007BE1D722F827" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474806" box="[210,1398,1998,2026]" collectingDate="1974-08-20"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Elmgren"elevation="-44" latitude="64.1875"location="Bothnian Bay" longLatPrecision="17"longitude="21.38889"municipality="NE of Umeå" pageId="4"pageNumber="5"specimenCode="SMNH 157581"specimenCount="2"specimenCount-female="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCFAB47FE177D3AD3DCFE84"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474805"collectingDate="1974"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Elmgren"elevation="-99"latitude="64.38416"location="SE of Skellefteå,"longLatPrecision="16"longitude="22.314444"pageId="5"pageNumber="6"specimenCode="SMNH 157582"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<materialsCitationid="80CE3C88FFCFAB47FE177D3AD3DCFE84"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1846474805"collectingDate="1974"collectingRegion="Guld of Bothnia"collectionCode="SMNH"collectorName="Elmgren"elevation="99"latitude="64.38416"location="SE of Skelleftea,"longLatPrecision="16"longitude="22.314444"pageId="5"pageNumber="6"specimenCode="SMNH 157582"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<locationid="3579600EFFCFAB47FE2C7D3AD096FEEB"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32:3579600EFFCFAB47FE2C7D3AD096FEEB"box="[510,706,267,294]"latitude="64.38416"longLatPrecision="16"longitude="22.314444"name="SE of Skellefteå,"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">SE of Skellefteå,</location>
<locationid="3579600EFFCFAB47FE2C7D3AD096FEEB"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B80F87C3FFCEAB49FDEF7FE1D129FC32:3579600EFFCFAB47FE2C7D3AD096FEEB"box="[510,706,267,294]"latitude="64.38416"longLatPrecision="16"longitude="22.314444"name="SE of Skelleftea," pageId="5"pageNumber="6">SE of Skellefteå,</location>
Adults with head, neck and eleven trunk segments (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCF57DAFD1F9FE74"box="[807,941,414,441]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCF57DAFD1F9FE74"box="[807,941,414,441]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC687DAED1B4FE74"box="[954,992,415,441]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC687DAED1B4FE74"box="[954,992,415,441]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC3C7DAED642FE74"box="[1006,1046,415,441]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC3C7DAED642FE74"box="[1006,1046,415,441]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4A</figureCitation>
). For a complete overview of measures and dimensions, see
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFCFAB47FDF17DF3D028FE11"box="[547,636,450,476]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionText="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character." pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Table 2</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFCFAB47FDF17DF3D028FE11"box="[547,636,450,476]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1"pageId="5"pageNumber="6" tableUuid="64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Distribution of cuticular structures, i.e., sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, spines and tubes, is summarized in
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFCFAB47FD387DD4D117FE32"box="[746,835,485,511]"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="10.[189,258,268,294]"captionText="Table 3. Summary of nature and location of sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, tubes and spines arranged by series in Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic characters. Abbreviations: LA: lateral accessory; LD: Laterodorsal; LV: lateroventral; MD: middorsal; ML: midlateral; PD: paradorsal; SD: subdorsal; SL: sublateral; VL: ventrolateral; VM: ventromedial; ac, acicular spine; gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic characters; * marks structures that do not appear consistently in all specimens; # marks asymmetrical structures present only in one side of the specimen." pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Table 3</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFCFAB47FD387DD4D117FE32"box="[746,835,485,511]"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="10.[189,258,268,294]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Table 3. Summary of nature and location of sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, tubes and spines arranged by series in Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic characters. Abbreviations: LA: lateral accessory; LD: Laterodorsal; LV: lateroventral; MD: middorsal; ML: midlateral; PD: paradorsal; SD: subdorsal; SL: sublateral; VL: ventrolateral; VM: ventromedial; ac, acicular spine; gco1, glandular cell outlet type 1; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic characters; * marks structures that do not appear consistently in all specimens; # marks asymmetrical structures present only in one side of the specimen."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D9665DFFC0AB48FF6F7D3DD65EFDF2"pageId="5"pageNumber="6" tableUuid="64D9665DFFC0AB48FF6F7D3DD65EFDF2">Table 3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="301936D5FFCFAB47FF6F7E17D039FD3D"blockId="5.[189,1399,550,753]"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">The head is formed by a retractable mouth cone with nine outer oral styles and an introvert with scalids. The condition of the SEM specimens did not allow a detailed description of the scalid arrangement. The neck has 16 placids, measuring 23 µm in length. The midventral placid is broadest, measuring 20 µm in width at its base, whereas all others are narrower, measuring 13 µm in width at their bases. The trichoscalid plates are well developed, and located in introvert sectors 2, 4–5, 7–8, and 10. A trichoscalid is attached to each trichoscalid plate.</paragraph>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCD37F29D1D2FCFF"box="[769,902,792,818]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCD37F29D1D2FCFF"box="[769,902,792,818]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC417F29D188FCFF"box="[915,988,792,818]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3A–C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC417F29D188FCFF"box="[915,988,792,818]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC3B7F29D661FCFF"box="[1001,1077,792,818]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4A–D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC3B7F29D661FCFF"box="[1001,1077,792,818]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4A–D</figureCitation>
). Sensory spots are located anteriorly on the segment in subdorsal and laterodorsal positions (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC697F0AD64FFC98"box="[955,1051,827,853]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC697F0AD64FFC98"box="[955,1051,827,853]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FBF57F0AD63BFC9B"box="[1063,1135,827,854]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4B, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FBF57F0AD63BFC9B"box="[1063,1135,827,854]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4B, D</figureCitation>
), and more posteriorly in ventromedial positions (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FE257F6FD00CFCB5"box="[503,600,862,888]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FE257F6FD00CFCB5"box="[503,600,862,888]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FDB67F6FD0DEFCB5"box="[612,650,862,888]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FDB67F6FD0DEFCB5"box="[612,650,862,888]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4C</figureCitation>
). On this and the following two segments, the sensory spots are medium sized and rounded or slightly oval, and made up by numerous micropapillae around a central pore. Glandular cell outlets
1 are present in middorsal and ventrolateral positions. Cuticular hairs emerge through rounded perforation sites, covering the dorsal and lateral sides densely, whereas the ventral side has a large W-shaped area without hairs (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCFA7FDAD1D1FBC8"box="[808,901,1003,1029]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCFA7FDAD1D1FBC8"box="[808,901,1003,1029]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). The posterior segment margin terminates into a pectinate fringe with long and slender fringe tips.
Segment 2 consists of a complete cuticular ring, but with weak indications on a midventral fissure, visible both inside the cuticle (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FDCC7842D022FB40"box="[542,630,1139,1165]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FDCC7842D022FB40"box="[542,630,1139,1165]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) and on the surface (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCB47842D194FB40"box="[870,960,1139,1165]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCB47842D194FB40"box="[870,960,1139,1165]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Pachycyclus of the anterior segment margin is of regular thickness and not interrupted. All specimens with tubes present in ventrolateral positions (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FEEB7888D3CFFB1E"box="[313,411,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FEEB7888D3CFFB1E"box="[313,411,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FE7B7888D39AFB1E"box="[425,462,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FE7B7888D39AFB1E"box="[425,462,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FE0F7888D055FB1E"box="[477,513,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FE0F7888D055FB1E"box="[477,513,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4E</figureCitation>
); in addition, some (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FD287888D10AFB1E"box="[762,862,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FD287888D10AFB1E"box="[762,862,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCBE7888D1C5FB1E"box="[876,913,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCBE7888D1C5FB1E"box="[876,913,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC4D7888D192FB1E"box="[927,966,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FC4D7888D192FB1E"box="[927,966,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">4D</figureCitation>
), but not all (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FBBE7888D69CFB1E"box="[1132,1224,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FBBE7888D69CFB1E"box="[1132,1224,1209,1235]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) with tubes in subdorsal positions; subdorsal tubes present in at least nine specimens, and certainly lacking in eight specimens, whereas eventual presence or absence could not be confirmed with certainty for the remaining specimens. Presence or absence of subdorsal tubes does not appear to be correlated with the specimens’ gender. Sensory spots are located in middorsal (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCCF7977D1D4FAAD"box="[797,896,1350,1376]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FCCF7977D1D4FAAD"box="[797,896,1350,1376]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), midlateral (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FBF87977D6D9FAAD"box="[1066,1165,1350,1376]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FBF87977D6D9FAAD"box="[1066,1165,1350,1376]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) and ventromedial (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FF147958D34AFA4E"box="[198,286,1385,1411]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FF147958D34AFA4E"box="[198,286,1385,1411]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
1 are present in middorsal positions. Secondary pectinate fringe present as single fringe with rather short fringe tips on anterior part of segment. On this and all following segments, the cuticular hairs are bracteate. Hairs are densely distributed around the segment, except on the ventral-most halves of the sternal plates, that only have a few, short filiform hair-like extensions. Pectinate fringe of posterior margin as on preceding segment, but with slightly longer fringe tips.
1 present in middorsal and ventromedial positions (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FB667A90D76DF976"box="[1204,1337,1697,1723]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FB667A90D76DF976"box="[1204,1337,1697,1723]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FA977A90D73DF976"box="[1349,1385,1697,1723]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFCFAB47FA977A90D73DF976"box="[1349,1385,1697,1723]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="6">3E</figureCitation>
). Secondary pectinate fringe and cuticular hairs as on preceding segment. Pectinate fringe of posterior margin as on preceding segment, but with slightly longer fringe tips.
Segment 9 without middorsal spine, but with acicular spines in lateroventral positions. Length of lateroventral spines show sexual dimorphism, with the female spines being about twice as long as the male spines and hence extending beyond the posterior margin of segment 11 (see
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FB457AD3D74EF931"box="[1175,1306,1762,1788]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Figs 2A–E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FB457AD3D74EF931"box="[1175,1306,1762,1788]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Figs 2A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FAFA7AD3D723F931"box="[1320,1399,1762,1788]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">3H, 3J</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FAFA7AD3D723F931"box="[1320,1399,1762,1788]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">3H, 3J</figureCitation>
and
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFC0AB48FF237B34D318F8D2"box="[241,332,1797,1823]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionText="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character." pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Table 2</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFC0AB48FF237B34D318F8D2"box="[241,332,1797,1823]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1"pageId="10"pageNumber="11" tableUuid="64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Sensory spots present in paradorsal, subdorsal, laterodorsal and ventrolateral positions. A cuticular depression or scar, lined with short hair, is present in middorsal position, in between the paradorsal sensory spots (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FE3F7B7AD004F8A8"box="[493,592,1867,1893]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FE3F7B7AD004F8A8"box="[493,592,1867,1893]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FD8F7B7AD0D4F8A8"box="[605,640,1867,1893]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">4G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FD8F7B7AD0D4F8A8"box="[605,640,1867,1893]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">4G</figureCitation>
inset). Large oval sieve plates, with uniformly distributed pores present in sublateral positions (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FDE17B5FD0C2F844"box="[563,662,1902,1929]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FDE17B5FD0C2F844"box="[563,662,1902,1929]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FD767B5ED09EF844"box="[676,714,1903,1929]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">3G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FD767B5ED09EF844"box="[676,714,1903,1929]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FD0B7B5ED155F844"box="[729,769,1903,1929]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">4G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC0AB48FD0B7B5ED155F844"box="[729,769,1903,1929]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">4G</figureCitation>
). Pectinate fringe of posterior segment margin as on preceding segment, except in the middorsal position, where the fringe tips are considerably shorter (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FF177D3AD37FFEE8"box="[197,299,267,293]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FF177D3AD37FFEE8"box="[197,299,267,293]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FEEE7D3AD30CFEE8"box="[316,344,267,293]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FEEE7D3AD30CFEE8"box="[316,344,267,293]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">
1 located in middorsal and ventromedial positions. The segment is completely devoid of cuticular hairs (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FEA17DCCD3A5FDDA"box="[371,497,509,535]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 4H–J</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FEA17DCCD3A5FDDA"box="[371,497,509,535]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 4H–J</figureCitation>
). Pectinate fringe of posterior segment margin present, but with considerably shorter fringe tips compared to preceding segments. Pachycycli and secondary fringe as on preceding segment.
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FD037EB4D164FD52"box="[721,816,645,671]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FD037EB4D164FD52"box="[721,816,645,671]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FCE97EB4D135FD52"box="[827,865,645,671]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FCE97EB4D135FD52"box="[827,865,645,671]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">3A</figureCitation>
) that almost equal the trunk length (see lts/TL ratio in
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFC1AB49FEC47E99D33AFD0F"box="[278,366,680,706]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionText="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character." pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Table 2</tableCitation>
<tableCitationid="7D24036EFFC1AB49FEC47E99D33AFD0F"box="[278,366,680,706]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="9.[189,258,268,294]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Table 2. Measurements from light microscopy of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954 (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). ♀ = female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂ = male condition of sexually dimorphic character. Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-5: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 5 in this species; S: segment lengths; S10-11: combined length of segments 10 and 11; SL: sublateral; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube; ♀, female condition of sexually dimorphic character; ♂, male condition of sexually dimorphic character."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1"pageId="11"pageNumber="12" tableUuid="64D9665DFFC3AB4BFF6F7D3DD622FDD1">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Females with thin but otherwise well-developed lateral terminal accessory spines (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FA907E99D350FD28"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2D–E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FA907E99D350FD28"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2D–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FEC67EFAD301FD28"box="[276,341,715,741]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">3H–I</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FEC67EFAD301FD28"box="[276,341,715,741]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">3H–I</figureCitation>
). Lateral terminal accessory spines lined with numerous, marginal hairs. Females with additional midlateral tufts of papillae, emerging from the transition between segment 10 and 11 (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FA957EDFD2B1FCE1"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FA957EDFD2B1FCE1"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Males with three pairs of thin and tubular penile spines (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FC5C7F20D646FCE1"box="[910,1042,785,812]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FC5C7F20D646FCE1"box="[910,1042,785,812]"captionStart="Fig. 2"captionStartId="6.[189,232,1789,1815]"captionTargetBox="[275,1314,275,1746]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[274,1314,271,1746]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 2. Line art illustration of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♂, dorsal overview. B. ♂, ventral overview. C. ♂, segments 10–11 with lateral terminal spines drawn to full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 9–11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 9–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; vlgco1, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vltu, ventrolateral tube"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255119"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255119/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">Figs 2A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FBCF7F23D66EFCE1"box="[1053,1082,786,812]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">3J</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FBCF7F23D66EFCE1"box="[1053,1082,786,812]"captionStart="Fig. 3"captionStartId="7.[189,232,1658,1684]"captionTargetBox="[190,1393,329,1611]"captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1393,327,1617]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 3. Light electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A–G, J. Neotype, ♂ (SMNH 157575). H. ♀ (SMNH 157577d). I. ♀ (SMNH 157577a). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1–3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1–3, ventral view. D. Segments 6–8, dorsal view. E. Segments 3–5, ventral view. F. Segments 8–9, dorsal view. G. Segments 8–9, ventral view. H–I. Segments 10–11, ventral view. J. Segment 10–11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldtu, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvac, lateroventral acicular spine; lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdac, middorsal acicular spine; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; sdtu, subdorsal tube; sltu, sublateral tube; si, sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255121"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255121/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">3J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FB947F23D630FCE1"box="[1094,1124,786,812]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">4J</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FB947F23D630FCE1"box="[1094,1124,786,812]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">4J</figureCitation>
). Sensory spots present in subdorsal (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FE897F04D3FFFC82"box="[347,427,821,847]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FE897F04D3FFFC82"box="[347,427,821,847]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">
1 not present. The segment is completely devoid of cuticular hairs in both sexes, but is densely covered with short hair-like cuticular extensions in subdorsal positions and along the margin between the tergal extensions (
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FAC47F4AD73CFC58"box="[1302,1384,891,917]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">
<figureCitationid="A89D2A50FFC1AB49FAC47F4AD73CFC58"box="[1302,1384,891,917]"captionStart="Fig. 4"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1605,1631]"captionTargetBox="[244,1344,268,1562]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[241,1346,265,1565]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1954. A. ♀, laterodorsal overview. B. ♀, segments 1–3, dorsal view, note the absence of subdorsal tubes. C. ♂, segment 1, ventrolateral view. D. ♂, segments 1–3, laterodorsal view, note the presence of subdorsal tubes. E. ♂, segments 2–3, ventral view. F. ♂, segments 4–5, sublateral view. G. ♂, details of segments 9, showing sublateral sieve plates and middorsal cuticular scar (arrow, inset). H. ♀, segment 11, lateral view. I. ♂, segments 10–11, subdorsal view. (* marks additional ldtu found in this specimen only). J. ♂, segment 11, ventrolateral view. Note that lateral terminal spines are broken off in all specimens. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldtu, laterodorsal tube (* marks additional, ldtu found in this specimen only); lvtu, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pe, penile spines; pmvf, partial midventral fissure; pt, papillar tuft; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdtu, subdorsal tube; slss, sublateral sensory spot; sltu, sublateral tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vltu, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1255123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1255123/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="12">
