From f8efc8abf1f07e9d7d65ee5a542e2c1ddc1b60fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 21:04:49 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-02-26 20:58:44 --- .../86/A6E5865D18455D97A4990FDC6261F08A.xml | 1336 +++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1336 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/A6/E5/86/A6E5865D18455D97A4990FDC6261F08A.xml diff --git a/data/A6/E5/86/A6E5865D18455D97A4990FDC6261F08A.xml b/data/A6/E5/86/A6E5865D18455D97A4990FDC6261F08A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..db7e763b168 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A6/E5/86/A6E5865D18455D97A4990FDC6261F08A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1336 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of the genus Leptobrachella (Anura, Megophryidae) from Gaoligong Mountain Range, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Wu, Yun-He +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 05282, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar + + + +Author + +Yu, Zhong-Bin +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 05282, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar + + + +Author + +Yang, Shen-Pin +Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve (Tengchong Bureau), 679100, Baoshan, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Duan, Zheng-Pan +Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, 679300, Dehong, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Zuo, An-Ru +Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, 679300, Dehong, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Zhang, Ding-Can +Administrative Bureau of Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, 679300, Dehong, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Kasyoka Kilunda, Felista +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China + + + +Author + +Murphy, Robert W. +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada + + + +Author + +Che, Jing +0000-0003-4246-6514 +Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 05282, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar + +text + + +Zoosystematics and Evolution + + +2025 + +2025-02-26 + + +101 + + +2 + + +449 +463 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zse.101.135560 +781F9104-575C-464C-9802-A62CD195EB5B + + + + + +Leptobrachella albomarginata +Wu, Yu, Kilunda, Murphy & Che + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 +, +4 +, +5 +, +Table 1 + + + + +Type material. + + + + +Holotype + +: • + +KIZ +050905 + +, an +adult female +from +Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve +, +Yingjiang County +, +Yunnan +, +China +( + +24.56355 ° N +, +97.58719 ° E + +, + +1,634 m +a. s. l. + +), collected on + +20 April 2023 + +by +Zhong-Bin Yu +, +Dong An +, +Yu-Xuan Wu +, and +Xian-Kun Huang +. + + + + + +Paratype + +: • + +KIZ +056551 + +, an +adult male +from +Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve +, +Yingjiang County +, +Yunnan +, +China +( + +24.63669 ° N +, +97.59515 ° E + +, + +1,318 m +a. s. l. + +), collected on + +30 April 2024 + +by +Zhong-Bin Yu +, +Peng Yang +, +Dong An +, and +Xian-Rong Wu + +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The name refers to reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with a white lining on dorsum of the new species: the specific epithet “ +albus +” is a Latin adjective which means “ white ”, and “ +marginis +” is Latin adjective for “ border, lining ”. We propose the English common name “ White-lined Leaf Litter Toad ” and the Chinese common name “ Bái Yuán Zhǎng Tū Chán (白缘掌突蟾) ”. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: (1) body size small ( +SVL +26.5 mm +in +one adult +male, +32.5 mm +in +one female +); (2) tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye; (3) tongue with a shallow notch at the posterior tip; (4) heels meeting; (5) toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes; (6) relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III; (7) reverse-triangle markings and a ˄ - shaped marking with a white lining in dorsal view; (8) black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly; (9) flanks with distinct irregular black spots; (10) iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray. + + + + + +Description of the +holotype + + + +(measurements in Table +1 +). + +KIZ + +050905, adult female, body size small ( +SVL +32.5 mm +), head longer ( +HDL +12.7 mm +) than wide ( +HDW +11.8 mm +); head triangular in dorsal view; snout short ( +SNT +/ +HDL +37.0 %), snout bluntly rounded in profile and obtusely pointed in dorsal view, projecting slightly beyond margin of the lower jaw; oval-shaped nostril dorsolaterally positioned, situated slightly below canthus, closer to tip of snout ( +SN +1.8 mm +) than to anterior margin of eye ( +DNE +2.8 mm +); loreal region oblique and slightly concave; canthus rostralis distinct; eyes large ( +ED +/ +HDL +18.9 %), eye diameter smaller than snout length ( +ED +/ +SNT +51.1 %); pupil vertical; eye diameter ( +ED +2.4 mm +) less than snout length ( +SNT +4.7 mm +); tympanum distinct, round; tympanic rim distinctly elevated relative to skin of temporal region; upper margin of tympanum in contact with supratympanic ridge; interorbital space ( +IOD +2.8 mm +) flat, less than internarial distance ( +IND +3.5 mm +) and width of upper eyelid ( +UEW +3.6 mm +); vomerine teeth absent; tongue with shallow notch at posterior tip; supratympanic ridge distinct, extending from posterior corner of eye to supra-axillary gland (Fig. +3 +). + + + + + + +Holotype of + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +( +KIZ +050905) in life. +A. +Lateral view; +B. +Lateral view of head; +C. +Dorsal view; +D. +Ventral view. Photos by Zhong-Bin Yu. + + + + + + + +Measurements (in mm) of type series of + +Leptobrachella + +. Bold font and an asterisk (*) indicate the holotype. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +KIZ +050905 * + +KIZ +056551 +
Sex♀♂
+SVL +32.526.5
+HDL +12.710.1
+HDW +11.89.1
+SNT +4.74.1
+SNT +/ +HDL +37.0 %40.6 %
+ED +4.23.6
+IOD +2.83.2
+UEW +3.62.6
+IND +3.53.0
+DNE +2.82.2
+SN +1.81.5
+ED +2.41.6
+ED +/ +HDL +18.9 %15.8 %
+ED +/ +SNT +51.1 %39.0 %
+TEY +1.31.1
+FHL +16.513.5
+HL +7.97.1
+LAD +2.11.7
+FAL +6.56.8
+HLL +47.340.2
+THL +12.711.8
+TAL +14.612.1
+TAL +/ +SVL +44.9 %45.7 %
+FL +13.110.8
+IMTL +0.91.2
+PEC +0.80.9
+FEM +0.81.0
+SUP +0.61.3
+ + +Forelimbs thin, slender; forearm shorter than hand, not enlarged ( +FAL +6.5 mm +, +HL +7.9 mm +); fingertips round, slightly swollen, almost equal to phalange width; relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III; subarticular tubercles absent on fingers; supernumerary tubercles absent; finger webbing absent; lateral fringes absent; a large, round inner metacarpal tubercle, distinctly separated from small, laterally compressed outer metacarpal tubercle (Figs +3 +, +4 +). + + + + + + +Holotype of + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +( +KIZ +050905) in preservative. +A. +Dorsal view; +B. +Ventral view; +C. +Ventral view of hand; +D. +Ventral view of toe. Photos by Zhong-Bin Yu. + + + +Hindlimbs long, tibia slightly shorter than half of the snout-vent length ( +TAL +/ +SVL +ratio 44.9 %); tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye when hindlimb is stretched along the side of the body; heels meeting when hind limbs are flexed and held perpendicular to body; tips of toes rounded, slightly swollen; relative length of toes: IV> III> V> II> I; subarticular tubercles indistinct under the base of II and III toe; narrow lateral fringes present on all toes; rudimentary webbing between toes; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct and prolonged ( +IMTL +0.9 mm +, 2.8 % +SVL +), outer metatarsal tubercle absent (Figs +3 +, +4 +). + + +Skin on dorsum shagreened, lacking enlarged tubercles or warts; the back and surfaces of limbs scattered with fine tubercles and short longitudinal folds; upper arms and upper eyelid covered by small tubercles; tiny reddish warts on flanks; ventral skin smooth; pectoral gland laterally compressed, indistinct, not easy to find, about +0.8 mm +in diameter; femoral glands small, oval, about +0.8 mm +in diameter, located on posteroventral surfaces of thighs, closer to knee than to vent; supra-axillary gland raised, about +0.6 mm +in diameter; ventrolateral glands present, dorsolaterally compressed forming an incomplete line (Fig. +3 +). + + + + +Color of the +holotype +in life + +. + +Dorsum brown backgrounding, with small, distinct darker brown markings and spots; large reverse-triangle dark brown markings with white lining between anterior corner of eyes, connected to the ˄ - shaped marking with white lining between axillae; a dark ˄ - shaped stripe with white lining on rear part of dorsal surface; upper lip with dark brown vertical bars; supratympanic ridge reddish and large black marking under supratympanic ridge from posterior corner of eye to supra-axillary glands; most of tympanum black; transverse dark brown bars on dorsal surface of fingers and toes, lower arms, tarsus, thighs and tibia; supra-axillary gland coppery orange; three distinct dark blotches and several small black spots on flanks from groin to axilla; ventral surface of throat, chest, and belly creamy white; black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly; ventral surfaces of limbs black, covered with bluish-white marbling; ventrolateral glands, pectoral glands and femoral glands white; iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray, with black reticulations throughout (Fig. +3 +). + + + + +Color of +holotype +in preservative + +. + +After one year of storage in 75 % alcohol, dorsum of the body and limbs fade to dark brown; transverse bars on limbs still distinct; three distinct dark blotches and several small black spots on flanks still clear; dark-brown, inverse reverse-triangle marking, connected to the ˄ - shaped marking and a dark ˄ - shaped stripe with a white lining on the rear part of the dorsal surface distinctly visible; elbow to upper arm distinctly creamy white in color on the dorsum; ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly dull white with well-discernable marbling; inner metatarsal tubercle, inner metatarsal tubercle, supra-axillary, femoral and pectoral glands fading to gray (Fig. +4 +). + + + + + +Description of the +paratype + + + +(measurements in Table +1 +). + +KIZ + +056551, adult male, body size small ( +SVL +26.5 mm +), head longer ( +HDL +10.1 mm +) than wide ( +HDW +9.1 mm +); head triangular in dorsal view; snout short ( +SNT +/ +HDL +40.6 %), snout bluntly rounded in profile and obtusely pointed in dorsal view, projecting slightly beyond margin of the lower jaw; oval-shaped nostril dorsolaterally positioned, situated slightly below canthus, closer to tip of snout ( +SN +1.5 mm +) than to anterior margin of eye ( +DNE +2.2 mm +); loreal region oblique and slightly concave; canthus rostralis indistinct; eyes large ( +ED +/ +HDL +15.8 %), eye diameter slightly smaller than snout length ( +ED +/ +SNT +39.0 %); pupil vertical; eye diameter ( +ED +1.6 mm +) less than snout length ( +SNT +4.1 mm +); tympanum distinct, round; tympanic rim distinctly elevated relative to skin of temporal region; upper margin of tympanum in contact with supratympanic ridge; interorbital space ( +IOD +3.2 mm +) flat, slightly larger than internarial distance ( +IND +3.0 mm) and width of upper eyelid ( +UEW +2.6 mm +); vomerine teeth absent; tongue with shallow notch at posterior tip; supratympanic ridge distinct, extending from posterior corner of eye to supra-axillary gland; male with internal subgular vocal sacs, vocal sac openings slit-like, small, paired, located posteriolaterally on mouth floor (Fig. +5 +). + + + + + + +Paratype of + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +( +KIZ +056551). +A. +Laterodorsal view in life; +B. +Dorsal view in preservative; +C. +Ventral view in preservative; +D. +Ventral view of head in preservative; +E. +Ventral view of hand in preservative; +F. +Ventral view of toe in preservative. Photos by Zhong-Bin Yu. + + + +Forelimbs thin, slender; forearm shorter than hand, not enlarged ( +FAL +6.8 mm +, +HL +7.1 mm +); fingertips round, slightly swollen, almost equal to phalange width; nuptial pad absent; relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III; subarticular tubercles absent on fingers; supernumerary tubercles absent; finger webbing absent; lateral fringes absent; a large, round inner metacarpal tubercle, distinctly separated from small, laterally compressed outer metacarpal tubercle (Fig. +5 +). + + +Hindlimbs long, tibia slightly shorter than half of the snout-vent length ( +TAL +/ +SVL +ratio 45.7 %); tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye when hindlimb is stretched along the side of the body; heels meeting when hind limbs are flexed and held perpendicular to body; tips of toes rounded, slightly swollen; relative length of toes: IV> III> V> II> I; subarticular tubercles absent; narrow lateral fringes present on all toes; rudimentary webbing between toes; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct and prolonged ( +IMTL +1.2 mm +, 4.5 % +SVL +), outer metatarsal tubercle absent (Fig. +5 +). + + +Skin on dorsum shagreened; the back and surfaces of limbs scattered with fine tubercles and short longitudinal folds; upper arms and upper eyelid covered by small tubercles; tiny reddish warts on flanks; ventral skin smooth; pectoral gland laterally compressed, indistinct, not easy to find, about +0.9 mm +in diameter; femoral glands small, oval, about 1.0 mm in diameter, located on posteroventral surfaces of thighs, closer to knee than to vent; supra-axillary gland raised, about +1.3 mm +in diameter; ventrolateral glands present, dorsolaterally compressed forming an incomplete line (Fig. +5 +). + + + + +Color of the +paratype +in life + +. + +Dorsum brown backgrounding; large reverse-triangle dark brown markings with a white lining between anterior corner of eyes, connected to the ˄ - shaped marking with a white lining between axillae; a dark 人-shaped stripe with a white lining on the rear part of dorsal surface; upper lip with dark brown vertical bars; supratympanic ridge reddish and large black marking under supratympanic ridge from posterior corner of eye to supra-axillary glands; most of tympanum black; transverse dark brown bars on dorsal surface of fingers and toes, lower arms, tarsus, thighs and tibia; supra-axillary gland coppery orange; one distinct dark blotch and several small black spots on flanks from groin to axilla (Fig. +5 A +). + + + + +Color of +paratype +in preservative + +. + +After six months of storage in 75 % alcohol, dorsum of the body and limbs fade to dark brown; transverse bars on limbs still distinct; one distinct dark blotch and several small black spots on flanks still clear; dark-brown, inverse reverse-triangle marking, connected to the ˄ - shaped marking and a dark 人-shaped stripe with white lining on the rear part of dorsal surface distinctly visible; elbow to upper arm distinctly creamy white on the dorsum; ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly dull white with well-discernable marbling; inner metatarsal tubercle, supra-axillary, femoral and pectoral glands fading to gray (Fig. +5 B – F +). + + + + +Morphological variation. + + +The +paratype +matches the overall characters of the +holotype +(see Table +1 +). The female specimen is relatively larger than the male ( +SVL +32.5 mm +in a single adult female and +26.5 mm +in a single adult male). Male with internal subgular vocal sacs, vocal sac openings slit-like, small, paired, located posteriolaterally on mouth floor. The size of the dark blotches on flanks is variable: + +KIZ + +050905 has three distinct dark blotches and several small black spots on flanks; + +KIZ + +056551 has a relatively small blotch and several small black spots on flanks. + + + + +Description of the larvae. + + + +KIZ + +051631, an early metamorph at stages 44–46 was collected on +28 April 2023 +( +Gosner 1960 +). A young froglet with a relatively elongate body, bluntly rounded snout, and slender limbs with thin, delicate digits. After one year of storage in 75 % alcohol, the ground dorsal coloration of the body and limbs now dark brown; dorsal parts of limbs with transverse dark brown bars; ventral surfaces of throat, chest and limbs creamy white (Suppl. material +3 +). + + + + +Distribution and ecology. + + + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +is only known from Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Tongbiguan Town, Yingjiang County, +Yunnan +, +China +. The new species inhabits montane streams surrounded by shrubland at elevations of approximately +1300–1600 m +(Fig. +6 +). The breeding season of this species is likely in April as the female collected during this month was gravid. This species occurs sympatrically, if not syntopically with congeners + +L. purpurus + +, + +L. yingjiangensis + +, and + +L. ventripunctata + +. In addition, other frog species also found at the site include + +Nanorana aenea + +, + +Limnonectes longchuanensis + +, and + +Jingophrys feii + +. + + + + + + +Habitat at the type locality of + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +at Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China. (Photo by Zhong-Bin Yu). + + + + + +Comparisons. + + +Phylogenetically, the matrilineal genealogy assigns + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +to clade A. Thus, we compared + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +to all other recognized species of clade A (Fei et al. 1990; +Lathrop et al. 1998 +; +Ohler et al. 2000 +, +2011 +; +Das et al. 2010 +; +Sengupta et al. 2010 +; +Rowley et al. 2010 +, +2012 +, +2015 +, +2017 +; +Jiang et al. 2013 +; +Sung et al. 2014 +; +Yang et al. 2016 +, +2018 +; +Yuan et al. 2017 +; +Hou et al. 2018 +; +Wang et al. 2018 +, +2019 +, +2020 +, +2022 +; +Chung et al. 2019 +; +Chen et al. 2019 +, +2020 +, +2021 a +, +b +, +c +, +2023 +, +2024 +; +Luo et al. 2020 +; +Lyu et al. 2020 +; +Qian et al. 2020 +; +Li et al. 2020 +, +2024 +; +Cheng et al. 2021 +; +Nguyen et al. 2021 +; +Wu et al. 2021 +; +Shi et al. 2021 +, +2023 +; +Lin et al. 2022 +; +Luo et al. 2022 +; +Luong et al. 2023 +; +Liu et al. 2023 +; +Matsui et al. 2023 +; Suppl. material +2 +). + + + +Leptobrachella albomarginata + +sp. nov. +differs from + +L. bijie + +by relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I = II = IV <III), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. jinyunensis + +by iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris gold above, gradually silver bellow), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. chishuiensis + +by relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: II <IV <I <III), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches the tympanum), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. jinshaensis + +by reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. absent); from + +L. suiyangensis + +by reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. ventral part with distinct or indistinct light brown speckling); from + +L. purpuraventra + +by ventral surface of throat, chest, and belly creamy white (vs. ventral surface gray purple), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I = II = IV <III), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. bourreti + +by a smaller body size, +SVL +32.5 mm +in +one female +(vs. 42.0–45.0 mm in adult females), nostrils closer to tip of snout than to anterior margin of eye (vs. nostrils closer to eye than to tip of snout); from + +L. dong + +by reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), eye diameter smaller than snout length (vs. eye diameter longer than snout length); from + +L. dushanensis + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches the interior corner of the eye), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. graminicola + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches the anterior edge of eye), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. wulingensis + +by iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris bicolored with bright orange or golden upper half, fades to silver in lower half), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. dorsospina + +by a larger body size, +SVL +32.5 mm +in +one female +(vs. 25.0– +26.4 mm +in +three adult +females), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I <IV <II <III), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. niveimontis + +by a larger body size, +SVL +32.5 mm +in +one female +(vs. +28.5–28.7 mm +in +three adult +females), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches beyond eye); from + +L. yeae + +by reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), heels just meeting (vs. heels partially overlapped); from + +L. yunyangensis + +by relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I <II = IV <III), heels just meeting (vs. heels overlapped), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches beyond the anterior corner of the eye); from + +L. alpina + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches anterior corner of the eye), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), ventrolateral glands forming a discontinuous line (vs. continuous); from + +L. purpurus + +by iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. upper half orange yellow, lower half sliver white), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I = II = IV <III), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes); from + +L. eos + +by a smaller body size, +SVL +32.5 mm +in +one female +(vs. +40.7 mm +in +one adult +female), nostril closer to tip of snout than to anterior margin of eye (vs. nostril closer to eye than to tip of snout), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes); from + +L. oshanensis + +by toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes (vs. absent), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I <II = IV <III); from + +L. korifi + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches beyond the anterior corner of the eye), heels just meeting (vs. heels overlapped), subarticular tubercles indistinct under the base of II and III toe (vs. subarticular tubercles at base of each toe); from + +L. sinorensis + +by heels just meeting (vs. heels overlapped), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches beyond the anterior corner of the eye); from + +L. murphyi + +by iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. upper half orange, lower half sliver white), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches beyond eye), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. ventral surface of belly creamy white with small spots on the margin); from + +L. tengchongensis + +by iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris not bicolored, uniformly dark brown and scattered with minute, coppery reticulations throughout), a larger body size, +SVL +32.5 mm +in +one female +(vs. +28.8–28.9 mm +in +two adult +females), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. tamdil + +by relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: IV <I <II <III), head longer than wide (vs. head wider than long), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. top third of iris bright orange, rest of iris grayish-cream), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes); from + +L. khasiorum + +by head longer than wide (vs. head wider than long), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: IV <I <II <III), heels just meeting (vs. heels widely separated), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. top third of iris bright orange, rest of iris yellowish-cream), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes); from + +L. yingjiangensis + +by dermal fringes in fingers absent (vs. narrow to moderate dermal fringes present on 2 +nd +to 4 +th +fingers), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris bicolored, upper half orange yellow, lower half sliver white), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches anterior corner of the eye); from + +L. namdongensis + +by relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I <II = IV <III), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. petrops + +by toes with rudimentary webbing (vs. toes lacking webbing), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches anterior edge of eye), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris gold in lower half and copper in upper half); from + +L. puhoatensis + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches anterior edge of eye), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. ventral surfaces deep reddish brown, faint white speckling on chest and belly); from + +L. liui + +by black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. absent), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes); from + +L. mangshanensis + +by iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris bicolored, bright orange upper, grayish cream below), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches anterior margin of snout); from + +L. verrucosa + +by heels just meeting (vs. heels not meeting), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches anterior corner of eye); from + +L. yunkaiensis + +by black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. surface of throat creamy white and scattered with small whitish dots, belly pinkish and scattered with small brown speckling), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes); from + +L. shimentaina + +by black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. ventral surface grayish pink, with distinct hazy brown speckling on chest and ventrolateral flanks), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. maoershanensis + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches snout), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: II <I <IV <III), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. bashaensis + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches snout), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. laui + +by relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I <IV <II <III), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches anterior margin of eye), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris uniformly coppery orange), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. ventral surface of chest and belly opaque cream white with little brown dusting along the margins of ventrolateral glands); from + +L. phiaoacensis + +by black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. throat, chest and belly pinkish white with dark brown specking), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. flaviglandulosa + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches beyond eye), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris distinctly bicolored, typically golden-orange in upper half, fading to whitish gray in lower half); from + +L. aerea + +by narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. very weak lateral fringes), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches to tip of snout), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris bronze), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. pelodytoides + +by narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. very weak lateral fringes), rudimentary webbing between toes (vs. 1 / 3 toe webbing); from + +L. minima + +by narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. absent), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris dark golden in upper part, gray in lower part); from + +L. feii + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches beyond eye), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. throat, chest and belly pinkish white with dark brown specking on belly periphery), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. aspera + +by narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. very weak lateral fringes), reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining); from + +L. ventripunctata + +by reverse-triangle markings and ˄ - shaped marking with white lining (vs. lack of white lining), ventrolateral glands forming a discontinuous line (vs. continuous); from + +L. guinanensis + +by a smaller body size, +SVL +32.5 mm +in +one female +(vs. +38.7–41.8 mm +in adult females), rudimentary webbing between toes (vs. 1 / 3 toe webbing), heels just meeting (vs. heels not meeting), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. ventral surface creamy white without dark brown spots); from + +L. shiwandashanensis + +by heels just meeting (vs. heels not meeting), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye in female (vs. reaches the shoulder in females), toes with narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary webbing (vs. without webbing and lateral fringes on toes); from + +L. wuhuangmontis + +by tongue with shallow notch at posterior tip (vs. tongue deeply notched behind), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. ventral surface grayish-white mixed with tiny white and black dots); from + +L. wumingensis + +by toes with narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary webbing (vs. absence of toe webbing and lateral fringes), tongue with shallow notch at posterior tip (vs. tongue with a deep notch at posterior tip), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. belly with tiny creamy white spots, throat creamy white with tiny light brown spots); from + +L. phiadenensis + +by head longer than wide (vs. head wider than long), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. throat, chest and belly white with dark specking on outer margins); from + +L. shangsiensis + +by narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. very weak lateral fringes), head longer than wide (vs. head wider than long); from + +L. nyx + +by a smaller body size, +SVL +32.5 mm +in +one female +(vs. 37.0–41.0 mm in adult females), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. absent), flanks with distinct irregular black spots (vs. poorly distinct spots on flanks); from + +L. damingshanensis + +by narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. very weak lateral fringes), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I <II <IV <III), black and bluish-white marbling all over ventral surfaces of throat, chest and belly (vs. absent); from + +L. nahangensis + +by a smaller body size, +SVL +26.5 mm +in +one adult +male (vs. +40.8 mm +in +one adult +male), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. absent), tongue with shallow notch at posterior tip (vs. tongue deeply notched), iris bicolored, upper 1 / 3 of the iris being coppery, lower 2 / 3 silvery gray (vs. iris gold uniformly distributed with minute black, reticulations); from + +L. pluvialis + +by tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches nostril), relative finger lengths: I ≈ II <IV <III (vs. relative finger lengths: I <II = IV <III), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. absent); from + +L. zhangyapingi + +by a smaller body size, +SVL +26.5 mm +in +one male +(vs. +45.8–52.5 mm +in +seven adult +males), heels just meeting (vs. heels widely separated), flanks with distinct irregular black spots (vs. absent), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes (vs. wide lateral fringes); from + +L. sungi + +by a smaller body size, +SVL +26.5 mm +in +one male +(vs. +48.3–52.7 mm +in adult males), three distinct dark blotches and several small black spots on flanks (vs. absent or small); from + +L. firthi + +by three distinct dark blotches and several small black spots on flanks (vs. absent), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes in female (vs. absent in females); and from + +L. isos + +by three distinct dark blotches and several small black spots on flanks (vs. absent), tibiotarsal articulation reaches the middle eye (vs. reaches to nostril), narrow lateral fringes present on all toes in male (vs. wide in males). + + + + \ No newline at end of file