From f87a2a85a5d728d3dfbdcaf330519e15a6cd0254 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2025 23:01:33 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-02-04 22:56:29 --- .../7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml | 1274 +++++++++++++++++ .../7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml | 382 +++++ .../7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml | 190 +++ 3 files changed, 1846 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml create mode 100644 data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml create mode 100644 data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml diff --git a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5445faaec3b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1274 @@ + + + +Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil + + + +Author + +Santos, Adalberto J. + + + +Author + +Gonzaga, Marcelo O. + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +180 + + +1 + + +155 +174 + + + + +https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12471 +0024-4082 +9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 + + + + + + +UAITEMURI +RUPICOLA + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + + + + + + + +FIGURES +1 +A +, +B + +, +2–4 +, +6–12 +, S +1 + + +Type material: + +Holotype +— +Male +from +Brazil +: + +Minas Gerais + +: S ao +~ +Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo +( +Estaç +ao +~ +de Preservaç +ao +~ +e +Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti +; + +19.8833 +° +S + +, + +43.3667 +° +W + +), + +5.VI.2010 + +, +A. J. Santos +coll. ( +UFMG 5867 +) + +. + +Paratypes +— +Female +from the same locality and date ( +UFMG 5868 +). +Male +and female from +Brazil +: + +Minas Gerais + +: +Alto Caparao +( +Parque Nacional do Caparao +; + +20.5167 +° +S + +, + +41.9 +° +W + +), + +1 +– +7. +V + + + +.2002, +Equipe Biota +coll. ( +IBSP 156031 +) + +. + + + + +Figure 3. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, female (IBSP 156027), genitalia: A, epigynum, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, internal genitalia, dorsal view, left spermatheca removed; D, detail of right spermatheca. Arrows indicate mating plugs on the copulatory openings. Abbreviations: CA, copulatory atrium; CD, copulatory duct; FD, fertilization duct; GM, spermathecal gland mound; S, spermatheca. + + + +Additional material examined: + +Brazil +: + +Esp +� ırito +Santo + +: +Santa Teresa +( +Reserva Biologica Augusto Ruschi +, +Trilha Roda +d’ +Agua +� +, + +19.893 +° +S + +, + +40.5428 +° +W + +), + +30.I.2015 + +, +T +. +G. Kloss +coll., +1 male +, +1 female +( +UFMG 18550 +) + +; + +as above ( +Trilha da Preguiça +, + +19.9102 +° +S + +, + +40.5419 +° +W + +), +1 female +( +UFMG 18594 +) + +; + + +Minas Gerais + +: +Alto Caparao +( +Parque Nacional do Caparao +, + +20.5167 +° +S + +, + +41.9 +° +W + +), + + +1 +– +7. +V +.2002 + + +, +Equipe Biota +coll., +1 male +( +IBSP 156024 +) + +; + +1 female +( +IBSP 156025 +) + +; + +6 females +( +IBSP 156027 +) + +; + +1 female +( +IBSP 156029 +) + +; + +1 female +( +IBSP 156030 +) + +; + +1 female +( +IBSP 156032 +) + +; + +1 female +( +IBSP 156033 +) + +; + +Brumadinho +(distrito de +Casa Branca +, +Espaço Verde Folhas +; + +20.0878 +° +S + +, + +44.0511 +° +W + +), + + +2. +V +.2014 + + +, +A. J. Santos +et al. +coll., +3 females +, +1 juvenile +( +UFMG 15499 +) + +; + +Carrancas +( + +21.5 +° +S + +, + +44.65 +° +W + +), 2001, +E. Mendes +coll., +3 males +, +5 females +, +1 juvenile +( +IBSP 39618 +) + +; + +Inconfidentes +( + +22.3131 +° +S + +, + +46.3306 +° +W + +), + + +IV +– +IX.2014 + + +, +M. M. Souza +coll., +2 females +( +UFMG 17467 +) + +; + +Juiz de Fora +( +Reserva Biologica Municipal Poço D’Anta +; + +21.7605 +° +S + +, + +43.3195 +° +W + +), + + +2 +– +3.IV.2011 + + +, +G. H. F. Azevedo +& +A. J. Santos +coll., +1 male +( +UFMG 5332 +) + +; + +Morro do Pilar +( +Lageado +; + +19.2298 +° +S + +, + +43.3833 +° +W + +), + + +13 +– +14.XI.2013 + + +, +P. H. Martins +et al. +coll., +1 male +, +1 female +, +6 juveniles +( +UFMG 14366 +) + +; + +S ao +~ +Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo +( +Estaç +ao +~ +de +Preservaç +ao +~ +e +Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti +; + +19.8833 +° +S + +, + +43.3667 +° +W + +), + +7.IV.2004 + +, +E. S. S. Alvares +� +& E. +T +. +Rodrigues +coll., +1 female +( +UFMG 1285 +) + +; + + +9.IV.2004 + +, E. S. S. +Alvares +� +& E. +T +. +Rodrigues +coll., +1 male +( +UFMG 1657 +) + +; + +3 females +( +UFMG 1658 +, +1659 +, +1660 +) + +; + + + +5. +VI +.2010 + + +, +A. J. Santos +coll., +3 females +, +3 juveniles +( +UFMG 5866 +) + +; + +3 females +, +1 juvenile +( +UFMG 5869 +) + +; + + +1.IX.2012 + +, M. O. +Gonzaga +et al. +coll., +3 females +( +UFMG 12042 +) + +; + + +Rio de Janeiro + +: +Petropolis +( +Fazenda Ranchinho da Roça +; + +22.5 +° +S + +, + +43.1833 +° +W + +), + + +15 +– +16.VIII.2001 + + +, +1 male +( +IBSP 156022 +) + +; + +Volta Redonda +( +Area +� +de +Relevante Interesse Ecologico Floresta da Cicuta +; + +22.5167 +° +S + +, + +44.1167 +° +W + +), + +24.IV.1994 + +, +M. O. Gonzaga +coll., +1 female +( +UFMG 651 +) + +; + +same, + +27.XII.2001 + +, +1 female +( +UFMG 3892 +) + +; + +same, + +31.VIII.2002 + +, +1 female +( +UFMG 3893 +) + +; + + +S ao ~ +Paulo + +: +Atibaia +( +Parque Municipal do Itapetinga +; + +23.1667 +° +S + +, + +46.4167 +° +W + +), + +X.2002 + +, +L. M. Rosseto +& +G. Machado +coll., +1 female +( +UFMG 3894 +) + +; + +Cotia +( +Fragmento Florestal Pedroso +; + +23.6333 +° +S + +, + +46.8833 +° +W + +), + +9.XII.2002 + +, +A. A. Nogueira +et al. +coll., +1 male +( +IBSP 131240 +) + +; + +1 male +( +IBSP 131238 +); ( +Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande +; + +23.7 +° +S + +, + +46.95 +° +W + +) + +, + + +16.XII.2002 + +, A. A. +Nogueira +et al. +coll., +1 male +, +1 female +( +IBSP 131239 +) + +; + +Guarulhos +( +Parque Estadual da Cantareira +, +Cabuçu +; + +23.4041 +° +S + +, + +46.5331 +° +W + +), + + +16 +– +22.VII.2001 + + +, +Equipe Biota +coll., +1 female +( +IBSP 156019 +) + +; + +Itapevi +, ( +Caucaia do Alto +; + +23.6833 +° +S + +, + +46.9 +° +W + +), + + +18 +– +28. +VI +.2002 + + +, +Equipe Biota +coll., +1 female +( +IBSP 156020 +) + +; + +S ao +~ +Jose do Barreiro +( +Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina +; + +22.7167 +° +S + +, + +44.6 +° +W + +), + + +28.IV +– +3. +V +.2002 + + +, equipe +Biota +coll., +1 female +( +IBSP 156021 +) + +. + + + + +Figure 4. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, male and female genitalia: A +– +C, male (IBSP 39618) right palpus, copulatory apparatus: A, retrolateral view; B, ventral view; C, prolateral view. D +– +F, female (IBSP 3893), epigynum: D, ventral view; E, posterior view; F, internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CA, copulatory atrium; CD, copulatory duct; CE, conductor extension; CO, copulatory opening; CP, conductor process; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; GM, spermathecal gland mound; MA, median apophysis; MH, median hematodocha; S, spermatheca; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TP, tegular plate. + + + +Etymology: +The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘rock-inhabiting’, and refers to the shaded places under large rocks where we have found this species. + + +Diagnosis: +Males of + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +can be distinguished from those of + +U. demariai + +by the relatively narrower and twisted embolus, the base of the conductor’s ventral plate not being projected retrolaterally, and the longer dorsal projection of the conductor, surpassing the apex of the cymbium ( + +Figs 2A +– +D + +, + +4A +– +C + +). Females can be recognized by the characters mentioned in the genus diagnosis. + + + + +Figure 5. + +Uaitemuri demariai + +sp. nov. + +, male (holotype) right palpus, copulatory apparatus: A, retrolateral view; B, ventral view; C, prolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CE, conductor extension; CP, conductor process; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median hematodocha; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TP, tegular plate. + + + + +Description: Male ( +holotype +) + +. Carapace pale brown, darker laterally and with a darker subtriangular median spot, with three dark brown longitudinal stripes over pars cephalica. Clypeus pale brown. Chelicerae dark brown, paler apically. Endites and labium pale brown, mottled with dark brown. Palpus entirely pale brown, suffused with black. Sternum brown, with lateral dusk brown spots near legs I +– +III and at the posterior tip. Femur I mottled with dark brown, with a pale brown ring on the median third. Femora of remaining legs pale brown, with median and apical dark-brown rings. Patellae pale brown, darker ventrally. Tibiae pale brown, darker ventrally and on the apical half. Metatarsi and tarsi pale brown. Opisthosoma pale brown, dorsum black medially, covered laterally with white spots. Sides with five transversal black stripes. Epigastric plate mottled with black, pulmonary plates pale brown. Post-epigastric area mottled with white, with a posterior median black spot near spinnerets. Cribellum brown, posteriorly black and with a median black spot. Spinnerets and anal tubercle brown, suffused with black. Copulatory apparatus as in the genus description and the species diagnosis. Total length 3.09. Carapace 1.27 long, 1.12 wide. Sternum 0.56 long, 0.56 wide. Leg I, length of segments: femur 1.98, patella 0.56, tibia 1.62, metatarsus 1.72, tarsus 0.76. Length of tibia II 0.66, III 0.46, IV 0.71. Opisthosoma 2.13 long. + + + + +Figure 6. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, male (IBSP 39618), tegument and setae: A, opisthosoma, pseudoserrate setae; B, tibia I, flattened seta; C, tibia I, setae and thricobothria; D, tibia I, thricobothria. + + + + + +Figure 7. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, female (IBSP 156027), spinning apparatus: A, cribellum; B, anterior lateral spinneret; C, posterior median spinneret; D, posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: AC, aciniform silk gland spigot; CY, cylindrical silk gland spigot; MAP, major ampullate silk gland spigot; mAP, minor ampullate silk gland spigot; N, nubbin of MAP; PC, paracribellar silk gland spigot; PF, pseudoflagelliform silk gland spigot; PI, piriform gland silk spigot. + + + + +Female ( +paratype +, UFMG 5868) + +. Colour as in the male, except as follows. Carapace with a median, posterior white spot. Median dark brown spot without dark brown longitudinal stripes over pars cephalica. Opisthosoma covered with white spots. Dorsum with a median black stripe. Post-epigastric area with two anterior, paramedian black spots. Cribellum brown, with an anterior, median black spot. Genital organs as in the genus description. Total length 4.77. Carapace 1.83 long, 1.32 wide. Sternum 1.12 long, 0.81 wide. Leg I, length of segments: femur 2.23, patella 0.61, tibia 1.83, metatarsus 1.88, tarsus 0.81. Length of tibia II 0.76, III 0.56, IV 0.91. Opisthosoma 3.07 long. + + + + +Figure 8. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, male (IBSP 39618), spinning apparatus: A, cribellum; B, anterior lateral spinneret; C, posterior median spinneret; D, posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: AC, aciniform silk gland spigot; MAP, major ampullate silk gland spigot; mAP, minor ampullate silk gland spigot; PI, piriform gland silk spigot. + + + +Variation: +The opisthosoma of several female specimens has almost completely faded dorsal and lateral black stripes. Measurements: males ( +N += 10), total length 2.86 +– +3.95, carapace width 1.07 +– +1.22, tibia I length 1.57 +– +1.88. Females ( +N += 38), total length 4.16 +– +5.59, carapace width 1.27 +– +1.42, tibia I length 1.83 +– +2.03. + + + +Natural history: +Uaitemuri rupicola + +was found on webs in shaded sites within crevices of large rocks ( + +Fig. 9A +– +C + +) in three localities: Estaç +~ +ao de Preservaç ao +~ +e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti ( +N += 11), Espaço Verde Folhas ( +N += 3) and Morro do Pilar (P. H. Martins, pers. commun.). All specimens were found resting on the rock surface, holding a signal thread connected to the hub of the orb web. The resting posture resembles ‘posture D’ of +Opell & Eberhard (1984) +, with the front legs flexed against the body ( +Fig. 9D, E +), although we could not see which leg holds the signal thread. This position, together with the body colour, makes the spider cryptic against the substrate. The web is composed of a mesh placed in contact with the rock and a vertical orb with a free sector ( + +Fig. 9A +– +C + +) within which passes the signal thread. No stabilimentum or any kind of web decoration was observed. The orb comprises a relatively small number of radii (mean + + +SD = 11.00 3.65, +N += 4) and spirals (8.75 1.89, +N += 4), compared to webs of other uloborid species, such as + +Zosis geniculata +( +Olivier, 1789 +) ( +Eberhard, 2014 +) + +, + +Philoponella divisa +Opell, 1979 + +, + +P. tingens +( +Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 +) + +and + +P. republicana +( +Simon, 1891 +) ( +Opell, 1979 +) + +. As reported for other uloborid orb webs ( +Lubin, 1986 +), spiral threads include zig-zag loops near the periphery of the capture area and several switchbacks ( +Fig. 9A, B +). Prey capture was not observed, but prey remains found on webs or under consumption showed that the spider wraps the prey in a dense cover of silk ( +Figs 9F, S +2 +), which probably kills the prey by compression (see +Eberhard, Barrantes & Weng, 2006 +). + + +Males were seen resting in a cryptic posture, hanging from the rock ceiling, close to females ( +Fig. 9E +). We did not observe any courtship or copulation events, but the specimens examined indicate males probably seal female copulatory openings with copulatory plugs ( +Fig. 3B +). Females of + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +build several stellate egg sacs connected to each other and to the rock surface, always suspended on an orb-like silk scaffold built around the mother’s resting site ( +Figs 9B +, +10A, B +). Egg sacs are composed exclusively of fine silk ( +sensu +Opell, 1984b +; + +Fig. 11A +– +F + +), with 17.77 lm of coating thickness and two layers. The thread diameters on external (mean SD = 1.04 0.11 lm, +N += 15) and internal (1.01 0.08, +N += 15) layers were not significantly different ( +t += 0.972, +P += 0.339). The silk covering was particularly dense throughout the egg sac, but included sparse pore-like apertures ( + +Fig. 11B +– +F + +), possibly made by the wasp mentioned below. + + + + +Figure 9. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, webs and live specimens from Estaç +~ +ao de Preservaç +~ +ao e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti: A +– +C, webs coated with corn starch. Arrows indicate the position of the female under the rock ceiling. D, female hanging from silk strand under rock ceiling; E, male hanging from the rock ceiling; F, female eating wrapped prey. Scale bars: A +– +2 cm; B, C +– +1 cm; D, E, F +– +1 mm. + + + +We observed egg sacs being attacked by +two specimens +of + +Arachnopteromalus dasys + +( +Pteromalidae +), an egg predator wasp ( + +Fig. 10C +– +E + +), in Estaç ao +~ +de Preservaç +~ +ao e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti. The wasps were seen walking around the females and their egg sacs, climbing on egg sacs and piercing them with the ovipositor. Unfortunately, due to the wasp’s small size and the poor lighting, we could not ascertain how frequently the wasps touched the spi- der silk, but the female spider seemed unresponsive to their presence, even when they were walking over and piercing the egg sacs. Four additional wasp specimens were obtained in the laboratory, from egg sacs collected in the same place. + + + + +Figure 10. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, egg sacs and parasitoids from Estaç +~ +ao de Preservaç +~ +ao e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti: A, silk scaffold (coated with corn starch) with egg sacs and a female spider (arrow) under rock ceiling; B, egg sac, with female nearby (arrow); C, parasitoid wasp ( + +Arachnopteromalus dasys + +) under rock ceiling, near a female spider (arrow); D, + +A. dasys + +, two females ovipositing on + +U. rupicola + +egg sac, with female spider nearby (arrow); E, + +A. dasys + +female photographed under stereomicroscope. Scale bars: A +– +1 cm; B, C, D +– +5 mm; E +– +1 mm. + + + +Distribution: +Known from south-eastern +Brazil +, in the states of Esp +� +ırito Santo, +Minas Gerais +, +Rio de + + +Janeiro and S +~ +ao Paulo ( +Fig. 12 +). Distribution records are from 100 to +~ +1500 m +a.s.l. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e1e3144d57c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ + + + +Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil + + + +Author + +Santos, Adalberto J. + + + +Author + +Gonzaga, Marcelo O. + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +180 + + +1 + + +155 +174 + + + + +https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12471 +0024-4082 +9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 + + + + + + + +UAITEMURI + + + + +GEN +. +NOV +. + + + + + + + + +Type +species: +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + + +Etymology: +The generic name means ‘star’ in the language of the Xacriab a +� +, an indigenous group from south-eastern +Brazil +, and refers to the shape of the egg sacs of the +type +species (see below). + +Uaitemuri + +is an indeclinable feminine name. + + + +Diagnosis: +Uaitemuri + +can be distinguished from other uloborid genera by the combined presence of two pairs of dorsal and a single posterior tubercle on the opisthosoma ( + +Fig. 1A +– +C + +), by the unique flattened, leaf-shaped dorsal setae on the patella and tibia of all legs ( + +Fig. 1A +– +C + +), and by characters of male and female genitalia. The male palpus is most similar to those of + +Polenecia + +and + +Miagrammopes + +in the embolus encircling an apical and branched conductor and a prolateral median apophysis (see +Coddington, 1990 +: figs 35, 38). + +Uaitemuri + +can be distinguished by the flattened embolus with a large base, the conductor with the distal portion forming a ventral hyaline plate and a dorsal, long and curved process arising from the basal portion. It can be further recognized by the presence of a retrolateral tegular plate ( + +Fig. 2A +– +D + +, Supporting Information, +Fig. S1A +). Females are known for only one of the two species of the genus, and they present an epigynum and internal genitalia that are highly distinctive from other genera. The female epigynum consists of a ventral bulge and a posterior sclerotized plate containing two lateral copulatory openings ( +Fig. 3A, B +). The internal genitalia contain a pair of large spermathecae with a median gland mound, flattened copulatory ducts located on inflated hyaline copulatory atria and stout fertilization ducts ( + +Figs 3C +– +D, S + +1B, C +). + + +Remarks: +As discussed below, + +Uaitemuri + +constitutes a monophyletic group within +Uloboridae +, and cannot be included in any currently described genus in the family. For an additional discussion on taxon names possibly applicable to + +Uaitemuri + +, see the Supporting Information. + + + +Figure 1. + +Uaitemuri +spp. + +, habitus: A, B, + + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, female (IBSP 3893): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, + + +Uaitemuri demariai + +sp. nov. + +, male (holotype), lateral view. + + + +Description: +Total length 2.86 +– +3.95 (males), 3.14 +– +5.59 (females). Carapace oval, narrowest anteriorly, widest at the coxae +III +( +Fig. 1A +), pars cephalica higher than pars thoracica ( +Fig. 1B +). Coloration pale brown, with lateral darker markings on the carapace, sternum, legs and dorsum of opisthosoma. Opisthosoma coloration usually reticulated, with pale brown stripes among white spots ( +Fig. 1B, C +). Whole body covered by white, pseudoserrate setae ( + +Figs 1B +– +C + +, +6A +). Thoracic fovea and dorsal grooves of carapace inconspicuous. Anterior and posterior eye rows recurved as seen from above ( +Fig. 1A +), procurved as seen frontally. All eyes black, on black tubercles. Eyes subequal in size, except by anterior laterals, which have approximately half the diameter of anterior medians. Distance between median and lateral eyes equal to approximately one median eye diameter in both rows. Median eyes approximately three diameters apart in both rows. Clypeus height equal to about one diameter of anterior median eyes. Chilum absent. Chelicerae darker than carapace, without condyle and with an irregular row of dark setae near the promargin of fang furrow. Fang length equal to about one-third of paturon length. Fang furrow with one retromarginal tooth and two median denticles. Endites subrectangular, serrula covering the entire anterior margin, visible ventrally. Labium approximately as long as wide. Sternum shield-shaped, approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, widest between coxae +II +, with posterior tip between coxae IV. Lateral margins of sternum depressed near leg coxae, forming dark, shallow pits. Anterior lateral margins of sternum bulging near endites. Female palpus with conical tarsus, with a pectinate claw surrounded by long setae. Patella with a basal and an apical, dorsally flattened macrosetae, usually hyaline. Tibia with one basal and one median similar setae, the median the largest and strongly sclerotized ( + +Figs 1A +– +C + +, +6B +). Apex of leg tibiae usually with smaller, dorsal flattened setae. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi covered with scattered needle-like and pseudoserrate setae ( +Fig. 6C +), usually stronger ventrally. Tarsus IV with a ventral row of stout macrosetae. Femora I, +II +and +III +with a dorsal row of long trichobothria ( + +Fig. 1A +– +C + +). Basal third of all tibiae gently depressed dorsally, with two rows of smaller trichobothria. Trichobothria serrated, with capsulate basis covered by a shaft with costulate texture. Leg tegument with costate texture ( +Fig. 6D +). Calamistrum located on a dorsal depression, extended over the basal three-quarters of metatarsus IV. Opisthosoma with two pairs of dorsal humps, the posterior the largest; and one posterior median tubercle on a projection that extends beyond spinnerets ( + +Fig. 1A +– +C + +). Female cribellum undivided, completely covered by cribellar spigots ( +Fig. 7A +). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a large major ampullate gland spigot and a nubbin, both on a distinct field, surrounded by ~35 short piriform gland spigots ( +Fig. 7B +). Posterior median spinnerets with an anterior, mesal minor ampullate gland spigot, a median field of ~10 aciniform gland spigots, two anterior ectal cylindrical gland spigots, and a posterior field of long paracribellar gland spigots ( +Fig. 7C +). Posterior lateral spinnerets with a posterior ectal pseudoflagelliform gland spigot, four anterior and one ectal cylindrical gland spigots and ~15 scattered aciniform gland spigots ( +Fig. 7D +). Male cribellum a wide plate, without spigots ( +Fig. 8A +). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a single, large major ampullate gland spigot, surrounded by ~ 25 piriform gland spigots ( +Fig. 8B +). Posterior median spinnerets with a single, anterior minor ampullate gland spigot, a nubbin and seven clumped aciniform gland spigots ( +Fig. 8C +). Posterior lateral spinnerets with 13 aciniform gland spigots ( +Fig. 8D +). Female tracheal opening near spinnerets, connected to two large tracheal trunks directed anteriorly, each with three smaller, posteriorly directed branches (as in +Opell, 1979 +: fig. 9). Tracheal trunks extended to prosoma, with large lateral branches inside each leg (as in +Opell, 1979 +: fig. 12). Male palpus tibia gently curved, excavated apically at the prolateral side ( +Fig. 2A, C +). Cymbium spoon-shaped, anteriorly elongated and flattened. Copulatory bulb ovoid, tegulum mostly visible from ventral and retrolateral views, prolateral side covered by a tegular plate ( +Figs 2A +, + +4A +– +C + +, + +5A +– +C + +). Subtegulum small, ring-like, connected to tegulum by a median hematodocha ( + +Figs 2B +– +D + +, + +4A +– +C + +, + +5A +– +C, S + +1A +). Median apophysis as a hyaline outgrowth arising anteriorly from prolateral side of tegulum ( +Figs 2A, B +, +4B, C +, +5B, C +). Conductor apical, with a crescent-shaped base extended retrolaterally, a ventral, lightly sclerotized plate and a dorsal process forming a furrow (which apparently accommodates the embolus apically) and a dorsal, long and curved process ( + +Figs 2B +– +D + +, + +4A +– +C + +, + +5A +– +C, S + +1A +). Embolus with a large prolateral base with a posterior lobe inserted behind the tegular plate ( +Fig. S1A +) and flattened median and apical sections around the conductor, ending dorsally to the conductor’s ventral plate ( + +Figs 2B +– +D + +, + +4A +– +C + +, + +5A +– +C, S + +1A +). Sperm duct trajectory with a marked switchback inside embolus base ( +Figs 4A +, +5A, S +1A +). Female epigynum located on a large, ventral hump on epigastric plate, with a posterior sclerotized plate containing two subtriangular copulatory openings ( +Figs 3A, B +, +4D, E +). Spermathecae oval, distinctly connected to a porous base from which ducts arise ( +Fig. 3C, D +). Copulatory ducts flattened, inserted inside large, balloon-shaped hyaline copulatory atria ( +Fig. 3C +, +4F, S +1B, C +). Fertilization ducts long and sclerotized ( +Fig. 4F +). + + + + +Figure 2. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp.nov. + +, male (IBSP 39618), left palpus, copulatory apparatus: A, ventral view; B, ventral view, detail of anterior sclerites; C, ventral +– +anterior view; D, ventral +– +anterior, detail of anterior sclerites. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CE, conductor extension; CF, conductor furrow; CP, conductor process; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; T, tegulum; TP, tegular plate. + + + +Composition: +Two species, + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. +and + +U. demariai + +sp. nov. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4aa034d1f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ + + + +Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil + + + +Author + +Santos, Adalberto J. + + + +Author + +Gonzaga, Marcelo O. + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +180 + + +1 + + +155 +174 + + + + +https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12471 +0024-4082 +9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 + + + + + + +UAITEMURI +DEMARIAI + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + + + + + + + +FIGURES +1 +C + +, +5 +, +12 + + +Type material: + +Holotype +— +Male +from +Brazil +: + +S ao ~ +Paulo + +: +Peru +� +ıbe (Estaç ao +~ +Ecologica Jureia-Itatins, Guara u +� +, N ucleo +� +Arpoador; + +24.27 +° +S + +, + +47.05 +° +W + +), + + +16 +– +20.III.1997 + + +, +A. D. Brescovit +et al. +coll. ( +IBSP 159756 +). + + + + + +Figure 11. + +Uaitemuri rupicola + +sp. nov. + +, egg sac: A, full view of egg sac; B +– +D, external silk coating, arrow indicating pore on silk coating; E, F, internal silk coating: F, detail of pore on silk coating. + + + +Additional material examined: +None. + + +Etymology: +The specific name honours our first scientific advisor, Professor Mario De Maria, from the Universidade Federal de +Minas Gerais +, in recognition for almost four years of patient and generous guidance offered during our undergraduate studies. + + +Remarks: +Despite our extensive survey on Brazilian spider collections, we could not locate additional specimens other than the +holotype +. Moreover, field expeditions of A. J. Santos’s students to the type locality in 2012 and 2015 failed to collect new specimens. Despite concerns about proposing a new species from a single specimen, we decided to describe it because the differences between this species and + +U. rupicola + +are consistent with those observed among species of other uloborid genera. Additionally, we think the possibility that this could be a relatively rare and geographically restricted species makes its description even more important, as it could require official recognition for conservation purposes. + + +Diagnosis: +Males of + +Uaitemuri demariai + +can be distinguished from those of + +U. rupicola + +by a wider and untwisted embolus, a larger conductor extension and a shorter conductor process, not surpassing the apex of the cymbium ( + +Fig. 5A +– +C + +). + + + +Description: Male ( +Holotype +) + +. Carapace pale brown, darker laterally and with a darker subtriangular median spot, with three dark brown longitudinal stripes over pars cephalica. Clypeus pale brown. Chelicerae dark brown, paler apically. Endites and labium pale brown, mottled with dark brown. Palpus entirely pale brown, suffused with black. Sternum brown, with lateral dusk brown spots near legs I +– +III and at the posterior tip. Femur I mottled with dark brown, with a pale brown ring at the median third. Femora of remaining legs pale brown, with median and apical dark brown rings. Patellae pale brown, darker ventrally. Tibiae pale brown, darker ventrally and on the apical half. Metatarsi and tarsi pale brown. Opisthosoma pale brown, dorsally suffused with black. Sides with five transversal black stripes. Epigastric plate mottled with black, pulmonary plates pale brown. Post-epigastric area mottled with black, with six median white spots. Cribellum brown, posteriorly black and with a median black spot. Spinnerets and anal tubercle brown, suffused with black. Copulatory apparatus as in the genus description and species diagnosis. Total length 3.14. Carapace 1.22 long, 1.17 wide. Sternum 0.91 long, 0.56 wide. Leg I, length of segments: femur 2.08, patella 0.56, tibia 1.62, metatarsus 1.67, tarsus 0.81. Length of tibia II 0.71, III 0.41, IV 0.71. Opisthosoma 2.13 long. + + + + \ No newline at end of file