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<taxonomicName id="7EC7DA4A5B9145A7B07688CA3BC92782" ID-CoL="7VWP5" class="Arachnida" family="Punctoribatidae" genus="Mycobates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carli">Mycobates carli Schweizer</taxonomicName>
, 1922 [217d-g]
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<paragraph id="1A8FFE92EEC533EE6BA8EA6014501AC1" pageNumber="407">Syn., Tax.: Sellnick 1960; Ghilarov &amp; Krivoluckij 1975 (B); Pavlitshenko 1994 (B).</paragraph>
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<normalizedToken id="928EFC3276CB580C4B6A59F6A3BE4D87" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
: In Flechten und Moosen subalpiner und alpiner Standorte.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A2AE69035141EADBF6648B4DD97C9A12" pageNumber="407">Verbreitung: Europa.</paragraph>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.8022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc89bbf1-736b-4259-b56a-1d94f103f3f0" ID-PMC="PMC4141180" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-433-77" ID-PubMed="25152674" ID-ZBK="065CFC3A4DD84759B55D040FCC3351AA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-433-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 433" ModsDocTitle="A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species" checkinTime="1451245511645" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Paulsen, M. J. &amp; Hawks, David C." docDate="2014" docId="FD00C481F850D4FD6A580CDE42E6D8DE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 433: 77-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 433" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.433.8022" docTitle="Apterocyclus kawaii Paulsen &amp; Hawks, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="73AD6671-F108-4C0F-840E-28FDD94A4842" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="CD526101B053FF86711AFF83BC67FFAB" masterDocTitle="A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1668159126795" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Lucanidae</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/73AD6671-F108-4C0F-840E-28FDD94A4842" authority="Paulsen &amp; Hawks" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus kawaii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaii">Apterocyclus kawaii Paulsen &amp; Hawks</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="84">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus kawaii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaii">Apterocyclus kawaii</taxonomicName>
Paulsen &amp; Hawks, new species. Type material: Holotype male (BPBM) labeled: a) &quot;HAWAIIAN ISLANDS / Kauai I. [Makaweli] / [19.VIII.1978 / RCA Rice&quot;; b) red paper &quot;No. 24714 / Hawaiian Coll. / BISHOP museum&quot;; c) red paper, &quot;Apterocyclus / kawaii ♂ /Paulsen &amp; Hawks 2014 / HOLOTYPE&quot;. Type locality: USA, Hawaii, Kauai Co., Makaweli. Paratype male (MJPC) labeled: a) &quot;Hawaii: Kauai / Robinson Plant Preserve / 21.V.1996 / J.C. Abbott #494; b) black-bordered &quot;[Apterocyclus / honoluluensis Wat.] / Det. John C. Abbott / [1996]; c) yellow paper, &quot;Apterocyclus / kawaii ♂ / Paulsen &amp; Hawks 2014 / PARATYPE&quot;.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
This distinctive species (Fig. 9) can be immediately recognized by the tubercles present on the ventral surface of the mandibles (Fig. 10). These are not found in any of the described species. Also, the greatly expanded shape, concavity, and rugosity of the protibiae are distinctive (Fig. 9). All other
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specimens examined have sparsely punctate protibial surfaces, and only
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus palmatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmatus">Apterocyclus palmatus</taxonomicName>
also possesses an internal tooth on the protibia.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
Figures 9-11. 9 Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus kawaii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaii">Apterocyclus kawaii</taxonomicName>
, sp. n., with labels. 10 Mandibles, oblique ventral view showing tubercles 11 Male genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
Figures 12-21. Left protibia and mandibles of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apterocyclus</taxonomicName>
species. 12, 17
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus honoluluensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="honoluluensis">Apterocyclus honoluluensis</taxonomicName>
13, 18
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus kawaii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaii">Apterocyclus kawaii</taxonomicName>
14, 19
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus munroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munroi">Apterocyclus munroi</taxonomicName>
15, 20
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16, 21
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterocyclus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apterocyclus waterhousei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waterhousei">Apterocyclus waterhousei</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="description, holotype">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Description, holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Length: 16.5 mm. Width: 8.2 mm (pronotum). Color: Black. Head: Surface granulate and with scattered moderate punctures. Eyes with ocular canthus almost obsolete. Antennal club small, short (shorter than scape), antennomeres 8 and 9 of club tomentose only distally, visible surfaces of antennomere 10 more or less entirely tomentose. Clypeofrontal area tumid. Clypeus short, not projecting, broadly triangular with pointed apex. Mandibles short, simply falcate (lacking internal tooth, but with irregular internal margin), broadly flattened; surface externally and ventrally with numerous small tubercles (Fig. 10). Mentum semicircular, surface granulate, setose. Pronotum: Form short, wider than elytra, broadly rounded laterally (posterior angles obsolete). Surface shiny on disk with moderately deep punctures, becoming granulate near angles. Elytra: Form almost circular, as wide together as long. Surface alutaceous but weakly shiny with moderate, shallow punctures, some in vague rows. Legs: Protibiae concave ventrally, widened apically, surface densely, rugosely punctate; external margin with one large tooth near apex. Apical spur short, spatulate. Meso- and metatibiae robust, lacking external teeth. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 11) with permanently everted internal sac flared at apex (as in congeners).</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="paratype variation">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Paratype variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Length: 22.9 mm. Width: 10.8 mm. Head: Clypeofrontal area indented; clypeus with apex less acute.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="85" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
The species is named for our colleague Shinya Kawai, of Tokyo, Japan, in honor of his work on
<taxonomicName family="Lucanidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" rank="family">Lucanidae</taxonomicName>
, especially on the similarly flightless genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Colophon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colophon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colophon</taxonomicName>
Gray of South Africa, and in gratitude for the assistance he has provided to MJP in both research and field collecting in Japan. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="86">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="86" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="86">Two specimens are known, both males, from the Makaweli [Kaumakani] area.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="86" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="86">
Nothing is known of the life history of this species. Although published as a rediscovery of
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, the specimen discussed by
<bibRefCitation author="Abbott, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" title="Rediscovery of Apterocyclus honoluluensis Waterhouse on Kauai (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." volume="49" year="1997">Abbott and Petr (1997)</bibRefCitation>
is the paratype of this new species. The specimen was collected at dusk on a footpath along a ridge at 1000m (
<bibRefCitation author="Abbott, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers" pageId="10" pageNumber="87" title="Rediscovery of Apterocyclus honoluluensis Waterhouse on Kauai (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." volume="49" year="1997">Abbott and Petr 1997</bibRefCitation>
), although the specimen is damaged and appears to have been stepped upon.
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="78">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/BF792073-053E-4FA8-BA99-759634A24AC7" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Geocharidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geocharidius jalapensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jalapensis">Geocharidius jalapensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="17" pageNumber="78">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 2B, 3D,
<normalizedToken originalValue="HI">H-I</normalizedToken>
, 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="GH">G-H</normalizedToken>
, 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 7A, 12D, 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="KN">K-N</normalizedToken>
, 16D, 17D, 22, 23
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="79" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
HOLOTYPE, a male, in KUNHM, point-mounted, labeled: \ GUATEMALA: Jalapa: 4km E Mataquescuintla, 14.52943 -90.14775
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
105m, 2620m, 2-VI-2009, ex. sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, LLAMA09 Wm-B-07-1-06 \ KUNHM \ HOLOTYPE
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Geocharidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geocharidius jalapensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jalapensis">Geocharidius jalapensis</taxonomicName>
Sokolov and Kavanaugh 2014 [red label] \. PARATYPES: A total of 78 specimens (4 males and 4 females were dissected), deposited in CAS and KUNHM; 10 specimens labeled same as holotype; 2 specimens labeled: \ GUATEMALA: Jalapa: 4km E Mataquescuintla, 14.53409 -90.15290
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
28m, 2325m, 3-VI-2009, ex. sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, LLAMA09 Wm-B-07-1-10 \ KUNHM \; 1 specimen labeled: \ GUATEMALA: Jalapa: 4km E Mataquescuintla, 14.52950 -90.14802
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
254m, 2600m, 1-VI-2009, ex. sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, LLAMA09 Wm-B-07-1-01 \ KUNHM \; 20 specimens labeled: \ GUATEMALA: Jalapa: 4km E Mataquescuintla, 14.53257 -90.15253
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
200m, 2400m, 1-VI-2009, ex. sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, LLAMA09 Wa-B-07-2-all \ KUNHM \; 23 specimens labeled: \ GUATEMALA: Jalapa: 4km E Mataquescuintla, 14.52780 -90.14671
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
105m, 2655m, 2-VI-2009, ex. sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, LLAMA09 Wm-B-07-1-04 \ KUNHM \; 16 specimens labeled: \ GUATEMALA: Jalapa: 4km E Mataquescuintla, 14.52987 -90.14908
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
200m, 2600m, 1-VI-2009, ex. sifted leaf litter, cloud forest on ridge top, LLAMA09 Wa-B-07-1-all \ KUNHM \; 6 specimens labeled: \ GUATEMALA: Jalapa: 4km E Mataquescuintla, 14.52705 -90.14671
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
105m, 2660m, 2-VI-2009, ex. sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, LLAMA09 Wm-B-07-1-05 \ KUNHM \.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Guatemala, Jalapa Department, 4 km E of Mataquescuintla.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">The specific epithet is a Latinized adjective in the masculine form based on the name Jalapa, the Department of Guatemala in which the type series was collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="recognition">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Recognition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Adults of this new species are distinguished from those of other members of the integripennis species group by the following combination of external characters: size large and pronotum transverse and fully covered with microsculpture. Males and female of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Geocharidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geocharidius jalapensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jalapensis">Geocharidius jalapensis</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from those of other members of the integripennis species group by the structure of the median lobe and the shape of spermatheca, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Size. Medium to large for genus (SBL range 1.33-1.57 mm, mean 1.46
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.081mm, n=25).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Habitus. Body form (Fig. 12D) moderately convex, elongate ovoid, general proportions (WE/SBL 0.39
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.007), proportions of head (WH/WPm 0.71
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.019) and pronotum (WPm/WE 0.76
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.021) average for group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Color. Body brunneorufous, appendages testaceous.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Microsculpture. Mesh pattern of irregularly isodiametric sculpticells present over all dorsal surfaces of head, pronotum and elytra. Proepisternum with evident microsculpture.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Mouthparts. Mandibles (Figs 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="GH">G-H</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Prothorax. Pronotum markedly transverse (WPm/LP 1.30
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.026), with lateral margins moderately constricted posteriorly (WPm/WPp 1.33
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.029). Posterior angles obtuse (110-120°). Widths between anterior and posterior angles of equal length (WPa/WPp 0.99
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.023).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Pterothorax (Fig. 3D).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Elytra (Fig. 2B). Moderately convex, slightly depressed along suture, moderately wide (WE/LE 0.65
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.009), without traces of striae. Humeri rounded, in outline forming right angle with longitudinal axis of body. Lateral margins convex, evenly divergent at basal third, evenly rounded to apex in apical third.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Legs. Mesotibia (Fig. 7A). Protarsus (Fig. 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Abdomen. Ventrites 3-5 (Fig. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="HI">H-I</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 13K) with shaft long and apex slightly enlarged and rounded. Ventral margin almost straight. Dorsal sclerites of internal sac in form of a long fig, tapered apically and basally in short extensions (Fig. 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="KL">K-L</normalizedToken>
). Right paramere with short and rather wide apical constriction (Fig. 13N). Left paramere with long and narrow apical constriction (Fig. 13M). Ring sclerite with almost rectangularly rounded, slightly asymmetrical, handle (Fig. 16D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Female internal genitalia. Spermatheca sclerotized, fusiform with apical bulb enlargement, straight, with long cornu and short nodulus (Fig. 17D). Length of spermathecal gland greater than length of spermatheca. Spermathecal duct coiled.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="geographical distribution">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">This species is known only from type locality, situated on the northern slopes of the former twinned volcano, remains of which form the caldera now filled with the waters of Laguna de Ayarza (Jalapa Department). Physiographically, the region is part of the volcanic chain of the Guatemalan Cordillera (Fig. 22, green triangle).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="way of life">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Way of life.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Specimens were collected by sifting cloud forest litter at elevations of 2325-2620 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="79" type="relationships">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="79">
The shapes of handle of the ring sclerite (Fig. 16D) and of the spermatheca (Fig. 17D) suggest that this species is closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Geocharidius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Geocharidius balini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balini">Geocharidius balini</taxonomicName>
(Figs 13O and 17E), described above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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(
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).
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<paragraph id="E5A115827DCB934A25CA1E90B8F77A04">- Prostrate to erect annual, up to 10 cm, with sparse glandular hairs. Leaves spirally arranged, up to 1 cm, narrowly elliptic, entire. Flowers ebracteolate, in axillary, sessile glomerules; terminal ones bisexual, with 3 tepals and 2 stamens; lateral ones female, with 1 or 2 tepals; tepals whitish, to 1 mm, hooded. Stigmas 1 or 2. Seed vertical, ellipsoidal but laterally compressed, brownish, 0.5 mm; seed-coat almost smooth.</paragraph>
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S Sk
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1949 (wool refuse). - SE Australia. The Nordic material belongs to subsp. glomulifera.
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69955" ID-PMC="PMC8516849" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-9-e69955" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3627CBB8E2915973B82E80F917CD11AD" ID-PubMed="34720635" ModsDocID="1314-2828-9-e69955" checkinTime="1633362678132" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gerdes, Klaas, Kihara, Terue Cristina, Martinez Arbizu, Pedro, Kuhn, Thomas, Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich, Mah, Christopher L, Norenburg, Jon L, Linley, Thomas D, Shalaeva, Kate, Macpherson, Enrique, Gordon, Dennis, Stoehr, Sabine, Messing, Charles G, Bober, Simon, Guggolz, Theresa, Christodoulou, Magdalini, Gebruk, Andrey, Kremenetskaia, Antonina, Kroh, Andreas, Sanamyan, Karen, Bolstad, Kathrin, Hoffman, Leon, Gooday, Andrew J &amp; Molodtsova, Tina" docDate="2021" docId="FD035FBC782E5FC7B6C1637041C2809C" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 9: e69955" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 9" docPubDate="2021-09-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69955" docTitle="Verrucidae fam subsp. inc ." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3627CBB8E2915973B82E80F917CD11AD" lastPageNumber="69955" masterDocId="3627CBB8E2915973B82E80F917CD11AD" masterDocTitle="Megafauna of the German exploration licence area for seafloor massive sulphides along the Central and South East Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="69955" masterPageNumber="69955" pageNumber="69955" updateTime="1668126247455" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Megafauna of the German exploration licence area for seafloor massive sulphides along the Central and South East Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gerdes, Klaas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Kihara, Terue Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Martinez Arbizu, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kuhn, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mah, Christopher L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Macpherson, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stoehr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Messing, Charles G</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bober, Simon</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guggolz, Theresa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Christodoulou, Magdalini</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gebruk, Andrey</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Kremenetskaia, Antonina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Bolstad, Kathrin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Hoffman, Leon</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Gooday, Andrew J</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="FD035FBC-782E-5FC7-B6C1-637041C2809C" authority="." class="Malacostraca" family="Verrucidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fam" subSpecies="inc">Verrucidae fam. inc.</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Materials</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-23" collectorName="ROPOS. COM, RV Pelagia Cruise" determinerName="Kate Shalaeva" location="South East Indian Ridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955" specimenCount="100" specimenCount-adult="100" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-23" collectorName="ROPOS. COM, RV Pelagia Cruise" determinerName="Kate Shalaeva" location="South East Indian Ridge" specimenCount="100" specimenCount-adult="100" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">ROPOS.COM</collectorName>
; individualCount:
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; lifeStage:
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; behavior: attached to sulfides; occurrenceStatus: present; preparations: Imaged only; associatedMedia: R2095_00029-2.jpg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Taxon:</emphasis>
taxonConceptID: Verrucidae fam. inc.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Hexanauplia; order: Sessilia; family: Verrucidae; taxonRank: Family; scientificNameAuthorship: Darwin, 1854;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Location:</emphasis>
waterBody: Indian Ocean; stateProvince:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD035FBC782E5FC7B6C1637041C2809C:5568D2B4D9FF4B4F1191E1A5C050522F" name="South East Indian Ridge">South East Indian Ridge</location>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD035FBC782E5FC7B6C1637041C2809C:D384C782700C282C09A468E0E0364D6D" name="Vent site 6" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Vent site 6</location>
; verbatimLocality: Cluster 12; maximumDepthInMeters: 2380; locationRemarks:
<collectorName>RV Pelagia Cruise</collectorName>
INDEX2018 Leg 2; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 24;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Kate Shalaeva</determinerName>
; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; identificationQualifier: fam. inc.;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Event:</emphasis>
eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69955" value="2018-11-23">
<date value="2018-11-23">2018-11-23</date>
</collectingDate>
; eventTime: 5:50:33 am; year: 2018; fieldNumber: INDEX2018-63ROPOS;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Record Level:</emphasis>
language: en; institutionCode: DZMB; datasetName: INDEX; basisOfRecord: Human Observation
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69955" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">
Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F7091498" captionText="Figure 14. Verrucidae fam. inc. in situ within the vent site 6 hydrothermal vent field in Cluster 12 of the INDEX area. Image corresponds with the data (Image attribution: BGR)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69955.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/544910" pageId="0" pageNumber="69955">14</figureCitation>
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View file

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Genus
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343419FF96FF61FE1FB5EEFE3F" ID-CoL="866C3" authority="Williams, 2019" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[238,394,441,467]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF61FE1FB5EEFE3F" bold="true" box="[238,394,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Speirogorgia</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CED57DE3419FF96FE1DFE1CB664FE38" box="[402,512,442,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF18FE7BB559FE1B" box="[151,317,477,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="description">
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF18FE7BB559FE1B" blockId="2.[151,512,441,503]" box="[151,317,477,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
(
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FF10FE7BB56FFE1B" box="[159,267,477,503]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1889,1914]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1977,2002]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionStartId-6="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionStartId-7="10.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetBox-7="[210,1372,192,980]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId-6="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId-7="figure@10.[188,1400,174,997]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. BC. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. BC. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. BD. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. AB. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559367" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559369" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559377" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3559367/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3559369/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3559377/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE98FE7BB550FE1B" box="[279,308,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of a portion of the eastern Pacific, Ryukyu Archipelago, and Okinawa; arrows point to the type locality of Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559381/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF18FD83B752FD1F" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF18FD83B752FD1F" blockId="2.[151,1437,549,900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF18FD83B576FDAC" bold="true" box="[151,274,549,576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Gorgonian octocoral. Axis solid, continuous, presumably highly calcareous. Interior of axis uniform throughout in transverse section, without concentric lamellae or radiating pattern of wedge-shaped columns of calcareous material. Axis unjointed, quadrangular to quadrate in cross section. Polyps completely retractile into coenenchyme, calyces absent. Retracted polyps form very low conical mounds along the polypary. Coenenchymal sclerites include elongated spindles with acute ends and narrower medial waists, as well as shorter radiates. Anthocodial sclerites are small rods. Colonies azooxanthellate.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FD58B506FCF4" bold="true" box="[199,354,765,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<typeStatus id="AA1188153419FF96FF48FD58B566FCF4" box="[199,258,766,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343419FF96FEE6FD58B6C0FCFB" ID-CoL="866VF" authority="Williams, 2019" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[361,676,765,792]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FEE6FD58B6C0FCFB" box="[361,676,765,792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CED57DE3419FF96FD24FD58B766FCF4" box="[683,770,766,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FC84B52AFCD0" bold="true" box="[199,334,802,828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name is derived from the Greek,
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FCDEFC84B7F3FCD7" box="[849,919,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">speira</emphasis>
(a winding, coil, or twist—something wound, rolled or coiled), and the suffix
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FD8EFCE0B63DFCB3" box="[513,601,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">gorgia</emphasis>
(a commonly used ending in octocoral nomenclature), in reference to the coiled or spiral growth form of the
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.
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Family
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF78FED4B5FAFE60" bold="true" box="[247,414,369,396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF18FC73B58CFC1C" bold="true" box="[151,488,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF18FC5FB559FBFF" blockId="2.[151,589,981,1043]" box="[151,317,1017,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
(
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FF10FC5FB56FFBFF" box="[159,267,1017,1043]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1889,1914]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1977,2002]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionStartId-6="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionStartId-7="10.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetBox-7="[210,1372,192,980]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId-6="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId-7="figure@10.[188,1400,174,997]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. BC. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. BC. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. BD. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. AB. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559367" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559369" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559377" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3559367/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3559369/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3559377/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE98FC5FB550FBFF" box="[279,308,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of a portion of the eastern Pacific, Ryukyu Archipelago, and Okinawa; arrows point to the type locality of Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559381/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF18FBE7B776FB4F" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF18FBE7B500FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,356,1089,1116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Species diagnosis</emphasis>
. Colonies unbranched, flagelliform/filiform, coiled. Axis quadrate in cross-section. Polyps generally arranged biserially and alternately placed along polypary. Sclerites are tuberculated spindles and capstans. Sclerite color appears white due to lack of pigmentation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF48FB08B083FAE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FB08B083FAE3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<materialsCitation id="C5C23CEA3419FF96FF48FB08B083FAE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556252286" collectingDate="1995-04-29" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="Robert F. Bolland" country="China" county="East" elevation="72" latitude="127.0" location="Ryukyu Islands" municipality="Sea" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" specimenCode="CAS 216391" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FB08B510FB24" bold="true" box="[199,372,1197,1224]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="AA1188153419FF96FEF5FB0BB582FB2B" box="[378,486,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCode id="250C9ECC3419FF96FE60FB0BB6E6FB2B" box="[495,642,1197,1223]" collectionCode="CAS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="Museum">CAS 216391</specimenCode>
,
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<collectingCountry id="0DBD76273419FF96FD4DFB0BB761FB2B" box="[706,773,1197,1223]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">China</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality id="9571ACCD3419FF96FC84FB0BB752FB2B" box="[779,822,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DBD76273419FF96FCCEFB08B7E0FB24" box="[833,900,1198,1224]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="7075606C3419FF96FC02FB0BB059FB2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0387A13419FF9DFF18FC73B636FEF3:7075606C3419FF96FC02FB0BB059FB2B" box="[909,1085,1197,1223]" country="China" county="East" latitude="127.0" municipality="Sea" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Okinawa">Ryukyu Islands</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="B76EF8553419FF96FBC8FB0BB0CBFB2B" box="[1095,1199,1197,1223]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="7075606C3419FF96FB36FB0BB10BFB2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0387A13419FF9DFF18FC73B636FEF3:7075606C3419FF96FB36FB0BB10BFB2B" box="[1209,1391,1197,1223]" country="China" county="East" latitude="127.0" municipality="Sea" name="Seragaki Tombs" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Okinawa">Seragaki Tombs</location>
,
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<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FAF6FB0BB4DFFB07" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
ENE Maeki-zaki
</locationDeviation>
; 26.00° 30.40
<geoCoordinate id="109E50703419FF96FDBFFB74B6C0FB07" box="[560,676,1233,1260]" degrees="127.00" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" precision="555" value="127.0">N 127.00°</geoCoordinate>
52.60 E;
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FC94FB77B713FB00" box="[795,887,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.165" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="m" value="71.65">
<elevation id="FE87D1843419FF96FC94FB77B713FB00" box="[795,887,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.165" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="m" value="71.65">71.65 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FC08FB77B7B7FB00" box="[903,979,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1628" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="ft" value="235.0">
<elevation id="FE87D1843419FF96FC08FB77B7B7FB00" box="[903,979,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1628" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="ft" value="235.0">235 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
) in depth;
<date id="011410773419FF96FBC1FB77B08AFB00" box="[1102,1262,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" value="1995-04-29">
<collectingDate id="1150E99F3419FF96FBC1FB77B08AFB00" box="[1102,1262,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" value="1995-04-29">29 April 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll.
<collectorName id="D85F53613419FF96FABBFB77B497FAE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Robert F. Bolland</collectorName>
; originally fixed in 75% ethanol, wet-preserved in 95% ethanol; one colony in two pieces.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF48FABFB64EF833" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="description">
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FABFB675FAD8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" box="[199,529,1305,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FABFB66EFAD8" bold="true" box="[199,522,1305,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="AA1188153419FF96FE2CFABCB66EFAD8" box="[419,522,1306,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FA98B56FFA2F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FA98B632FAB4" bold="true" box="[199,598,1341,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
External Morphology (
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE55FA9BB623FAB4" box="[474,583,1341,1368]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. BC. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. BC. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
The colony is flagelliform and spirally coiled, ca.
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FB01FA9BB088FAB4" box="[1166,1260,1341,1368]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
in length and &lt;
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FF18FAC7B4BDFA90" box="[151,217,1377,1404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter. A holdfast is absent—either the specimen is partial and the holdfast is missing, or the species is “free-living” and lacks a holdfast altogether as is the case in some other filiform gorgonians (
<bibRefCitation id="113B4B463419FF96FB29FA23B1F3FA73" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[1190,1431,1413,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" pagination="91 - 147" refId="ref6851" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1988) The genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) in West Africa. Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa 1945 - 1946. Atlantide Report, No. 14, 91 - 147." type="book chapter" year="1988">Grasshoff, 1988: 146</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113B4B463419FF96FF18FA0FB49AFA2F" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,254,1449,1475]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref6898" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1992) Die Flachwasser-Gorgonarien von Europa und Westafrika (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckengerg, 149, 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1992">1992: 42</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FA6BB787F9DC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FA6BB5E8FA04" bold="true" box="[199,396,1485,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
Axis (
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE81FA6BB51BFA04" box="[270,383,1485,1512]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1889,1914]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1977,2002]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. BD. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. AB. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559367" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559369" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559367/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 34</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
The axis is conspicuously quadrangular in shape, highly calcareous, apparently solid and uniform throughout, without concentric lamellae or radiating wedges of calcified material, superficially resembling the calcareous internodes of isidid gorgonians (
<bibRefCitation id="113B4B463419FF96FD27F9B3B733F9C3" author="Chen, J. - Y." box="[680,855,1557,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" refId="ref6487" refString="Chen, J. - Y. (2011) Combined molecular and morphological evidence for phylogeny of pennatulacean and calcaxonian octocorals. Dissertation for Master of Science in Marine Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 147 pp." type="book" year="2011">Chen, 2011: 76</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7AB).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48F99CB6D1F953" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48F99CB5CEF9B8" bold="true" box="[199,426,1593,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
Polyps (
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FEA5F99FB5FFF9B8" box="[298,411,1593,1620]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. BC. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. BC. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
The polyps are retractile and calyces are absent. The retracted polyps form very low, slightly conical mounds on the surface of the polypary. Many of the polyps form a bilateral appearance, but some are scattered on the polypary surface between the two longitudinal columns. Polyps are separated by bare areas of the polypary, between 2.5 and
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FE61F903B620F92C" box="[494,580,1701,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48F96FB64EF833" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48F96FB5DFF908" bold="true" box="[199,443,1737,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
Sclerites (
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FEB1F96FB5CAF908" box="[318,430,1737,1764]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetBox-3="[210,1372,192,980]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[188,1400,174,997]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559377" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3559377/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 58</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Sclerites of the outer coenenchyme include a predominance of highly warty, elongate spindles with narrow and smooth median waists, often approaching the shape of double cones (
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FB48F94BB172F8E4" box="[1223,1302,1773,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FAACF948B12CF8E4" box="[1315,1352,1774,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">7A</figureCitation>
). Other coenenchymal sclerites, particularly from the subsurface coenenchyme include a diverse array of radiates (
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FAD5F8B7B1FCF8C7" box="[1370,1432,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig.6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FF18F890B4D8F8BC" box="[151,188,1846,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">7B</figureCitation>
). Overall coenenchymal sclerite size range: 0.030.20 mm—double cones
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FB88F893B0C9F8BC" box="[1031,1197,1845,1872]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.100.20 mm</quantity>
, other sclerites
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FAD2F893B49EF898" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.03">0.03 0.10 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE87F8FFB510F898" box="[264,372,1881,1908]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 57</figureCitation>
). Sclerites of the polyps (presumably those of the tentacles) are small, sparsely-ornamented rods
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FF18F8DBB558F874" box="[151,316,1917,1944]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.050.08 mm</quantity>
in length. The tubercles are not ornate or elaborate, but rather are present as sparsely-distributed, low-rounded to slightly conical mounds or knob-like processes on the sclerite surface (
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FBF6F807B0DBF857" box="[1145,1215,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox="[210,1372,192,980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[188,1400,174,997]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559377/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). All sclerites from throughout the colony are colorless.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="21D5663F3418FF97FF18F8D4B543F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" startId="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1887]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="751536B73418FF97FF18F8D4B543F81B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1906,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53418FF97FF18F8D4B571F867" bold="true" box="[151,277,1906,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343418FF97FE93F8D2B65FF867" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,571,1907,1931]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53418FF97FE93F8D2B65FF867" box="[284,571,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53418FF97FDCDF8D5B6A9F867" bold="true" box="[578,717,1906,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">gen. &amp; sp. n.</emphasis>
A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. BC. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21D5663F341FFF90FF18F977B76AF8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" startId="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" targetBox="[151,1435,196,1673]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="751536B7341FFF90FF18F977B76AF8DD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1745,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FF18F977B577F906" bold="true" box="[151,275,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341FFF90FE95F974B65CF906" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,568,1746,1770]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FE95F974B65CF906" box="[282,568,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FDB0F974B6A3F906" bold="true" box="[575,711,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">gen. &amp; sp. n.</emphasis>
A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. BC. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3DB0653C341FFF9DFF48F8C6B636FEF3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="751536B7341FFF90FF48F8C6B082F872" blockId="4.[151,1436,1888,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FF48F8C6B52AF896" bold="true" box="[199,334,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is named for Dr. Robert F. Bolland, who collected the
<typeStatus id="AA118815341FFF90FBE2F8C6B0ABF896" box="[1133,1231,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
during his time as a professor of biology at the University of
<collectingRegion id="B76EF855341FFF90FDFAF822B686F872" box="[629,738,1924,1950]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Maryland</collectingRegion>
University College Asian Division,
<collectingRegion id="B76EF855341FFF90FBF6F822B086F872" box="[1145,1250,1924,1950]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751536B7341FFF90FF48F801B694F80A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1888,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FF48F801B63BF82E" bold="true" box="[199,607,1959,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
Habitat and distribution (
<figureCitation id="ED912A32341FFF90FE73F801B634F82E" box="[508,592,1959,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of a portion of the eastern Pacific, Ryukyu Archipelago, and Okinawa; arrows point to the type locality of Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. &amp; sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559381/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Mixed sand and coral rubble. At present known only from the
<typeStatus id="AA118815341FFF90FAAAF80FB131F82F" box="[1317,1365,1961,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
local-ity—Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands,
<collectingCountry id="0DBD7627341FFF90FD8FF86BB627F80B" box="[512,579,1997,2023]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="B2529B52341FFF90FDC2F86AB6E2F80B" box="[589,646,1996,2023]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="72.0">72 m</quantity>
in depth.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="751536B7341EFF91FF18F8C7B00CF809" blockId="5.[151,1437,1889,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341EFF91FF18F8C7B577F896" bold="true" box="[151,275,1889,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341EFF91FE95F8C4B653F896" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,567,1890,1914]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341EFF91FE95F8C4B653F896" box="[282,567,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341EFF91FDB2F8C4B6A1F896" bold="true" box="[573,709,1889,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">gen. &amp; sp. n.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. BD. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21D5663F341DFF92FF18F81FB160F819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559369/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="423" startId="6.[151,250,1977,2002]" targetBox="[151,1436,206,1919]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="751536B7341DFF92FF18F81FB160F819" blockId="6.[151,1436,1977,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341DFF92FF18F81FB571F83E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1977,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341DFF92FE92F81CB658F83E" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[285,572,1978,2002]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="423" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341DFF92FE92F81CB658F83E" box="[285,572,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341DFF92FDCBF81CB6B4F83E" bold="true" box="[580,720,1977,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">gen. &amp; sp. n.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. AB. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21D5663F341CFF93FF18F800B734F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="424" startId="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" targetBox="[151,1435,174,1886]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="751536B7341CFF93FF18F800B734F80E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1958,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341CFF93FF18F800B571F853" bold="true" box="[151,277,1958,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341CFF93FE92F801B658F853" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[285,572,1959,1983]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="424" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341CFF93FE92F801B658F853" box="[285,572,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341CFF93FDCAF801B6B5F853" bold="true" box="[581,721,1958,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">gen. &amp; sp. n.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenen-chyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21D5663F3413FF9CFF18F968B67DF8E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="425" startId="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1722]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="751536B73413FF9CFF18F968B67DF8E6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1742,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFF18F968B577F90B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1742,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343413FF9CFE96F969B652F90A" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,566,1742,1766]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="425" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFE96F969B652F90A" box="[281,566,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFDB3F968B6A6F90A" bold="true" box="[572,706,1742,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">gen. &amp; sp. n.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenen-chyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751536B73413FF9DFF48F89EB664FF17" blockId="8.[151,1437,1848,2019]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,287]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFF48F89EB5B6F8BF" bold="true" box="[199,466,1848,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343413FF9CFE53F89FB60AF8BF" authority="Williams, 2019" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[476,622,1849,1875]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFE53F89FB60AF8BF" box="[476,622,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">Speirogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other calcaxonian taxa in that it possesses distinctive coenenchymal sclerites that predominantly resemble double cones, as well as a filiform growth form, completely retractile polyps without calyces, and has a uniform axial interior throughout. Isidids have jointed axes with alternating proteinaceous nodes and calcareous internodes. Primnoids and chyrsogorgiids have non-retractile polyps, well-spiculated polyp bodies, and sclerites that are mostly plates, scales, or rods with sparse ornamentation. The el- lisellid and pennatulacean sister groups have radiating wedge-shaped columns of calcareous material that comprise the axis. The ifalukellids have a bushy or plumose growth form, and small scale-like, often oval sclerites with a course, granular surface texture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751536B73412FF9DFF48FEA2B636FEF3" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,287]" box="[199,594,260,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53412FF9DFF48FEA2B509FEF3" bold="true" box="[199,365,260,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="426">Comparisons.</emphasis>
A monotypic taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="EFEC855A60144BA6FE421A5A444F5AB7">An annotated checklist of the Pyralidae of the region of Murcia (Spain) with new records, distribution and biological data (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Pyralidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="696C9B3D1664A84FE2A5A3F19DC3E7D2" ID-CoL="36BZ6" ID-ENA="455495" LSID="FD038B84-20BF-5677-9FE2-8AB88C2D383B" authority="(Staudinger, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Staudinger" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Dioryctria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioryctria pineae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pineae">Dioryctria pineae (Staudinger, 1859)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="00004B7F5E5630B3783F4FE5250AD675" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD226EBBDA426A43E914A2991BCC4CB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255">Mediterranean-Asiatic</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1475BA44842C258C84FDFB210E3DB11D" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3ED926723E11B31FAA78A927B21CBD08" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255">
References:
<bibRefCitation id="17530278E012D8FD38900AFF42FEB231" author="Perez de-Gregorio, J. J." journalOrPublisher="Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="79255" pagination="125 - 145" refId="B7552341" refString="Perez de-Gregorio, J. J., Requena, E., 2014. Microlepidopteros (Pyralidae, Crambidae) nuevos o interesantes para la fauna catalana e iberica, XII. Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia 14 (2): 125 - 145" title="Microlepidopteros (Pyralidae, Crambidae) nuevos o interesantes para la fauna catalana e iberica, XII." volume="14" year="2014">
<normalizedToken id="5E1D84776A0777629BE52420B87CAF13" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
de-Gregorio and Requena (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
. Biological data: Univoltine. Flight period: IX-X.
</paragraph>
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classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authority="Spinola, 1838" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Parnopes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parnopes fischeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fischeri">Parnopes fischeri Spinola, 1838</taxonomicName>
Plate 45
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Parnopes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parnopes fischeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fischeri">
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fischeri
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:
<bibRefCitation author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="437 - 546" title="Comte rendu des Hymenopteres recuillis par M. Fischer pendant son voyage en Egypte, et communiques par M. le Docteur Waltl a Maximilien Spinola." volume="7" year="1838">Spinola 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 455.
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Egypt.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Holotype ♀.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Parnopes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parnopes Fischeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Fischeri">Parnopes Fischeri</taxonomicName>
, Spin.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Égypte">Egypte</normalizedToken>
?
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Catalogue Casolari &amp; Casolari Moreno.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Parnopes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parnopes fischeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fischeri">Parnopes fischeri</taxonomicName>
, 1, 23, 91, 1 (box 52).
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Spinola, 1838.
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Plate 45.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Parnopes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parnopes fischeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fischeri">Parnopes fischeri</taxonomicName>
Spinola, holotype A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.
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Pallas, 1772
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<paragraph id="25920349B23BCFB32A896A9A445E51AC" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Morocco, Anti Atlas: Douar Zaouia, 1♂, 1♀, 11-VI-2015 (net sweeping). First record for Morocco.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="77AB4252F343082703CA04EFFA478839" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">World distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6EB312F03F8577A5F60AB7E1BD46981" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
Italy, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Burkina Faso, Kenya (
<bibRefCitation id="D043B999FCB4FBB971179A107631FE78" author="Norrbom, AL" editor="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="Myia" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" pagination="65 - 251" title="Systematic database of names." volume="9" volumeTitle="Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database." year="1999">Norrbom et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B6D3C8138FEBD6B9453E10D746B76FE2" author="Merz, B" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Fauna of the UAE" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="769 - 779" title="Order Diptera, family Tephritidae, additions and the description of a new species." volume="4" year="2011">Merz 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
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,
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
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<paragraph id="81D26B09AA94A8E7038E9F526FAD3E2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5BE3A43E7E057BD884956FD456F32B21" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="63A021FCE402D7C93764172D71743806" ID-CoL="68G7X" LSID="http://zoobank.org/832A74D6-8C31-4BC7-A927-AF864F5ACFAF" authority="Yin, Shen &amp; Li" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Batrisodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Batrisodes songxiaobini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songxiaobini">Batrisodes songxiaobini Yin, Shen &amp; Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FBADC3EF43BB7EC5B50622F778E7FE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 4B, 6
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="36AC2DA88644343722B0DE6107CA9E61" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type material</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E8BFDB63781DCC8A975229B8A59B8D72" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
(6 ♂♂). Holotype: China: ♂, labeled 'China: Yunnan, Tengchong Co. [腾冲县], Mingguang Town [明光乡], Zizhi Vill. [自治村], Donghe [东河],
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25°42
<normalizedToken id="9398FC183A0047032C161A2B6758D2BB" originalValue="55">'55''</normalizedToken>
N
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,
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98°34
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E
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, 2100 m, 01.v.2014, X.-B. Song, [from a nest of
<taxonomicName id="08E8A27734691377365A6DDF6847BF1B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
sp.]' (SNUC). Paratypes: China: 5 ♂♂, same label data as holotype (SNUC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D96A39F12B285D320ABC97F95D0B36A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="C98D5C00294A7929AC221138739D548B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6887598445C0E1ED5B5541AF76423B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Male (Fig. 4B). Body reddish brown, BL 2.54-2.60 mm. Head slightly longer than wide, HL 0.52-0.55 mm, HW 0.53-0.54 mm; with small vertexal foveae; frons strongly protruding anteriorly at middle (Fig. 6C); clypeus lacking punctation, with round anterior margin; lateral vertexal carinae present from level of anterior margins of eyes to posterolateral margins of head, with short median vertexal carina; each eye composed of about 55 facets, lacking ocular canthi; postgenal area with many long erect setae visible in dorsal view. Antennal clubs (Fig. 6A) formed by apical three antennomeres; antennomeres VII expanded at base, with one long, thick seta at apex of expansion, antennomeres
<normalizedToken id="AFE7AF2ECB15A736F6C90CAAC11F27BE" originalValue="VIIIXI">VIII-XI</normalizedToken>
each elongate, XI (Fig. 6B) with small denticle at base. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, PL 0.57-0.59 mm, PW 0.51-0.57 mm; disc slightly convex; with distinct median and lateral longitudinal sulci; lacking median antebasal fovea; with small basolateral tubercles. Elytra wider than long, EL 0.75-0.77 mm, EW 0.88-0.90 mm; each elytron with three large nude basal foveae; with shallow discal striae; marginal striae complete. Mesofemora (Fig. 6D) with small, sharp ventral spine, mesotibiae (Fig. 6E) with small ventral denticle and small, acute apical spur; metatibiae (Fig. 6F) with short apical tuft of setae. AL 0.68-0.71 mm, AW 0.77-0.78 mm; abdominal tergite IV (first visible tergite) with oblique marginal carinae; discal carinae short. Length of aedeagus (Fig. 6
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) 0.40 mm, median lobe nearly symmetric, with one spine-like sclerite at middle of anterior margin of foramen.
</paragraph>
<caption id="73334352033E92C7EE9AB2B02E5ED811" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<paragraph id="C52FFDD037701C2D135AF2A6CD0ECC14" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Figure 6. Diagnostic features of
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, male. A. antennomeres
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; B. antennomere XI, enlarged; C. median projection of frons; D. mesotrochanter and mesofemur; E. mesotibia; F. metatibia; G. aedeagus, in dorsal view; H. same, in lateral view; I. same, in ventral view. Scales: A,
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= 0.2 mm; B, C = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="410655E914965252ABBD371046C7EF8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A7A98C9BE92E258072F47CCC97A312E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="994B2528761574388023E221D66E768E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="043AD4CE795A020A0976A4D9F3BCE473" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
The protruding anterior margin of the frons is shared in a number of Asian species, e.g.
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(Kurbatov) (transferred from the genus
<taxonomicName id="9DC8803481E938624326FC483158F5A4" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Basitrodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Basitrodes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Basitrodes</taxonomicName>
, see below), and
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Jeannel. But the characteristic forms of the antennomeres
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and protruding frons in the male, as well as the aedeagal structure readily separate this new species from all other congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="89908F5B57C5611CD7A8C9DAE8BF65D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="biology">
<paragraph id="82E53DB98B789C077790C6DE03D56C81" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70ED82810D51ECEBA6048FC7F6149AEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Adults were collected from a colony of a
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ant nesting under a rock.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BC2A845FBD88483F77E8F2524A10492" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="40D9CA75A910ADA3FFB4F814C789ED5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE06777CB1C92D46229E031E70D8A160" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Southwestern China: Yunnan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DBE714B6BBEB76C482633D51BA961CE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="95CF36FDA9C394E0EB017B61023FCBE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C0997B90EEE06880F274BE6D7E34CB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">The species epithet recognizes the collecting efforts of Xiao-Bin Song, who collected the type series and many other interesting pselaphines.</paragraph>
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Microlestes negrita
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Materials</paragraph>
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; individualCount:
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; Location: countryCode: BG; locality:
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; verbatimElevation:
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; verbatimCoordinates:
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,
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; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" value="2010-05-06">06/05/2010</collectingDate>
; habitat: meadow, single shrubs
</materialsCitation>
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; individualCount:
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; Location: countryCode: BG; locality:
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; verbatimCoordinates:
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.024889">E28°01'29.6&quot;</geoCoordinate>
; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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; habitat: meadows
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; individualCount:
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; verbatimElevation:
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; verbatimCoordinates:
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,
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Type status:
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; verbatimElevation:
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; verbatimCoordinates:
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.068056">E28°04'05.0&quot;</geoCoordinate>
; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; verbatimElevation:
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; verbatimCoordinates:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.895725">N41°53'44.6&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.865473">E27°51'55.7&quot;</geoCoordinate>
; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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</materialsCitation>
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; individualCount:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kiyiköy">Kiyikoey</normalizedToken>
surroundings
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
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; verbatimCoordinates:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.65714">N41°39'25.7&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.086445">E28°05'11.2&quot;</geoCoordinate>
; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1933-06" collectionCode="NMNHS &amp; NMP" collectorName="J. Maran &amp; K. Taborsky" location="Maslen nos Cape" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mařan">Maran</normalizedToken>
&amp; K. Taborsky
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">2</specimenCount>
; Location: countryCode: BG; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD05500FC93DCE431ABB3F5A240F0C1A:FEF497382B0B08F06C935B118906F138" name="Maslen nos Cape" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Maslen nos Cape</location>
; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" value="1933-06">VI.1933</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">NMNHS &amp; NMP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation location="Ahtopol" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Other material</typeStatus>
. Location: countryCode: BG; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD05500FC93DCE431ABB3F5A240F0C1A:BA31FAD0E9BF7525A64672A725ABF77F" name="Ahtopol" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Ahtopol</location>
; Record Level: bibliographicCitation: Hieke &amp; Wrase (1988: 158)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation location="Tsarevo (= Micurin)" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Other material</typeStatus>
. Location: countryCode: BG; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD05500FC93DCE431ABB3F5A240F0C1A:3174FE326B024CC99340F40AF452B32F" name="Tsarevo (= Micurin)" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Tsarevo (= Micurin)</location>
; Record Level: bibliographicCitation: Hieke &amp; Wrase (1988: 158)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation location="Mouth of Ropotamo River" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Other material</typeStatus>
. Location: countryCode: BG; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD05500FC93DCE431ABB3F5A240F0C1A:BA2E828F0F9AA8FC718D77ED6ED77C32" name="Mouth of Ropotamo River" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Mouth of Ropotamo River</location>
; Record Level: bibliographicCitation: Hieke &amp; Wrase (1988: 158)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-05-25" collectionCode="NMNHS" collectorName="B. Gueorguiev" location="Veleka River near Mladezko Village" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">
B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guéorguiev">Gueorguiev</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">3</specimenCount>
; Location: countryCode: BG; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD05500FC93DCE431ABB3F5A240F0C1A:D8606C268248ED4DADB94317010E5735" name="Veleka River near Mladezko Village" pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">Veleka River near Mladezko Village</location>
; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8135" value="1995-05-25">25/05/1995</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8135">NMNHS</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
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<treatment id="FD057F199163C08A2F5DBCBB498DC2EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6288924" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100134797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6288924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD057F199163C08A2F5DBCBB498DC2EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD057F199163C08A2F5DBCBB498DC2EE" lastPageNumber="57" pageNumber="56">
<subSubSection id="1CA8A74F2BF4971740D51CD697CB36CB" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="58D3FF02A4ABBA82BB67EFA2BE48776E" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="D23D10DA5EC9B763E82A75D1FA0086A0" ID-CoL="K6Z" ID-ENA="43085" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" pageNumber="56" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9AA34080439172FD92EE27AAC4C29CA9" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED5C109C9E9D9EF3C6CEA467D2B4810F" pageNumber="56">
Postpetiole separated from the third abdominal segment by a constriction which is more or less marked (except in the Odontomachini and in certain males of Ponerini), almost always as broad as the third segment (except in
<taxonomicName id="EFBA3B24A275C95166F1CD5D1A5B14AF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24801" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmecia Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmecia</taxonomicName>
and a few others). Worker and female with a powerful sting. As a rule there is a stridulating organ on the basal surface of the tergite following the postpetiole; it consists of very fine transversal striae of the articulating surface. Median spur of the tibiae pectinate, when present, except on the middle tibiae of a few genera; lateral spur simple. Fore wing as a rule with two closed cubital cells; but there are many exceptions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B7FC3710A6FD09FF72FBE75765068A0" pageNumber="56">
The dimorphism of the worker is feebly marked (except in
<taxonomicName id="408E91A2B2C71837255D8D73C8923A22" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:239086" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Megaponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Megaponera foetens" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foetens">Megaponera foetens</taxonomicName>
, where it is very pronounced) and the female as a rule is not very different from the worker; ergatoid females exist in many genera. In a few cases the male has no constriction behind the postpetiole; such males can usually be recognized from male Dolichoderinae by the feeble development of the mandibles. Ergatoid males are known for certain Ponerini.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95CA86C63F478AB497F235A7268FD89C" pageNumber="56">
larvae with the mandibles powerfully developed for ant larvae; the anterior portion of the body long, slender and neck-like, folded over the swollen abdominal portion; the segments are either densely hairy all over or covered with rows of peculiar tubercles beset with more or less prominent bristles; the larvae of
<taxonomicName id="E27FA08E0F030C88DC654A36A77B4563" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147053" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Megaponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Megaponera Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaponera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1704C164DE8F042BF74B0332BB9D078E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146834" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothroponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Bothroponera Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothroponera</taxonomicName>
are hairless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="898AD9C99DA284D86B1F02863193E0DD" pageNumber="56">
Nymphs enclosed in a resistant cocoon, which may be opened by the adult without intervention of the worker. The West African
<taxonomicName id="4C23700D3D36E8E2CAC56DB64E83D0BC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28622" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Discothyrea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Discothyrea oculata Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">Discothyrea oculata Emery</taxonomicName>
is the only case in which the nymphs are described as having no cocoon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5822CEAE02CAA53A500F7C5F26E8419E" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="CDD967CDC74F54BA07D497C29276FE6C" lastPageNumber="57" pageNumber="56">
In the Ponerinae the larvae are nearly always fed with pieces of solid food, which is almost invariably animal matter. Arnold says that
<taxonomicName id="51D20715EFE07AD8140EC411608C02A3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228140" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera (Brachyponera) sennaarensis (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">Euponera sennaarensis (Mayr)</taxonomicName>
is possibly an exception to the rule:
<subSubSection id="BDEF6B8F9E0255273AF0E5E1EDE48D4A" type="biology_ecology">This ant preys unceasingly on termites, but its nest very often contains considerable accumulations of grass seeds, which may perhaps be used as food.1</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="883F39AA08ADD9E760014BB2B13577F7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DB2066ECB0BFEABCB8CD87DE37646B1F" pageNumber="57">
The economic value of the Ponerinae in tropical countries can hardly be overestimated, for it may be safely asserted that at least 80 per cent, of their food consists of termites, and they thereby constitute one of the chief checks to these pests of the tropics. Certain species are exceptional, such as
<taxonomicName id="67B8CDBA9D6FE03C9AB91677AEBAAFC3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34264" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plectroctena" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Plectroctena mandibularis Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandibularis">Plectroctena mandibularis</taxonomicName>
, which feeds chiefly on millipedes and beetles, and
<taxonomicName id="D0BCC3FEA837BB02484F1373092FC377" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34215" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Platythyrea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Platythyrea arnoldi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnoldi">Platythyrea arnoldi Forel</taxonomicName>
, whose food consists entirely of small beetles, mostly Tenebrionidae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02D263FE15CC2A4377617541618A3A4D" pageNumber="57">
The colonies are usually small in ponerine ants, but may be very numerous in some species, such as
<taxonomicName id="CCAECEC92388AA0D506A9317A9D6E730" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146394" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Paltothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Paltothyreus tarsatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatus">Paltothyreus tarsatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="69F5FA24FC2B0B97756A906AA1B81067" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:239086" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Megaponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Megaponera foetens" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foetens">Megaponera foetens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CB5220D688FBF125B87AE14143B1F61D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228140" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Euponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Euponera (Brachyponera) sennaarensis (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">Euponera sennaarensis</taxonomicName>
, many species of
<taxonomicName id="50C7123D246B4A7ED70AC45C4E565803" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptogenys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Leptogenys Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptogenys</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB20DE44732D1EF9CEE0D02BCE81E709" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:187810" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus haematoda (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematoda">Odontomachus haematoda</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9B19A9DE8B6321CA1C0EF98CF6FD027" pageNumber="57">
The habit of foraging in files has been observed in several species of Ponerinae in different parts of the world. In our region this habit is displayed by
<taxonomicName id="79333E60BC3E4FD29CCD6BAD95D9CD37" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:239086" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Megaponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Megaponera foetens" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foetens">Megaponera foetens</taxonomicName>
, and to a slight extent by
<taxonomicName id="D8E5D0F3532B4D2F78A0DF050AF968EC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146394" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Paltothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Paltothyreus tarsatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatus">Paltothyreus tarsatus</taxonomicName>
. The former marches in double file, and the striking disparity in size between the two forms composing the colony has a very singular appearance. Their prey consists entirely of termites, and when a suitable hunting-ground containing these animals has been found, the columns break up and pour into every hole and crack which leads to the invaded galleries. The method then adopted is as follows: each ant brings to the surface one or more termites, and then re-enters the galleries to bring up more victims. This is continued until each ant has retrieved about half a dozen termites, which, in a maimed condition, are left struggling feebly at the surface. The whole army reassembles again outside and each marauder picks up as many termites as it can conveniently carry, usually 3 or 4. The columns are then re-formed and march home. Less order is shown by
<taxonomicName id="0AD6694665F80AD2E70C30183C8B62D5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146394" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Paltothyreus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Paltothyreus tarsatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatus">P. tarsatus</taxonomicName>
, but I have often seen this ant carrying termites, in short single files composed of about a dozen workers. (G. Arnold, op. cit., pp. 7-8).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="4E94229E06665168D1ED777E89C10C48">The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark.</mods:title>
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<pageStartToken id="A15CE79D1D8F17F37B997ECA8A9E88C6" pageNumber="129">50</pageStartToken>
.
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, 1846 Figs. 201, 202,208,212, 214, 217.
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<paragraph id="4B6AE7CE21CEDA407D26264176DA2FEF" pageNumber="129">
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, 1846a: 909.
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Worker. Bicoloured with gaster dark brown, rest of body reddish with varying amount of dark colour on head and promesonotum. Head strongly excised posteriorly; maxillary
<pageStartToken id="D4C90C0423218F53E8C73A360FCACDE6" pageNumber="130">palps</pageStartToken>
6 segmented, long as half head length. Scale strongly emarginate. Eyes with very distinct erect hairs which are normally abundant. Body pilosity variable - erect hairs on all gaster tergites, on clypeus and on dorsum of head, sometimes also on occipital margins. Clypeus not impressed. Length: 4.5-7.5 mm.
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<paragraph id="8B6B80D867DC4C51BE9FB0045FDDD38A" pageNumber="129">
Figs. 197-200.
<taxonomicName id="6EA0C1B8200DEE2D483DCCADE2F1A1C5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29199" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica rufibarbis Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufibarbis">Formica rufibarbis Fabr</taxonomicName>
. - 197: worker in profile; 198: head of queen in dorsal view; 199: queen in profile; 200: head of male in dorsal view: Scale: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E884B5BDF369C49BA2CCDDF65B6BEDFA" pageNumber="130">
<pageStartToken id="53623C5C778A3E9B2504EE934E16460A" pageNumber="130">Queen</pageStartToken>
. As worker, head normally somewhat darker and promesonotum more or less dark brown. Head pilosity very variable but eyes always distinctly haired. Length: 7.5-9.5 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A84B8E4D7DC4B22B157C3645FD426F1" pageNumber="130">Male. Dark brownish black, appendages yellowish to brown. Head broadly emarginate, scale excised. Eyes with distinct but sparse hairs. Maxillary palps 6 segmented, long. Length: 6.2-9.0 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="D34DC2C8D23C48CE4972E3282DC4C445" pageNumber="130">Distribution. Throughout Denmark and Fennoscandia, very common. - Local in Southwest England and Scottish Highlands. - Range: Central Spain to Urals, Appenines to extreme north of Europe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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Biology. This is an active aggressive species building mounds of leaf litter in open woodland, moorland and rough pasture. On disturbance the ants swarm out and bite vigorously. Nests may contain a thousand or more workers with more than one queen. They are often grouped with amicable interchange of workers between each.
<taxonomicName id="A09F5AD2AAAB0725AF9686BBB4CA33D4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29074" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" genus.bestMatchDistance="438" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica exsecta Nylander" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exsecta">F. exsecta</taxonomicName>
is mainly aphidicolous tending aphids on Juniperus, Picea and other trees but is also predaceous. Colonies extend by nest splitting but single queens also start colonies by securing acceptance in nests of
<taxonomicName id="010ADD791653F23D95547B63F7ACEE64" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29119" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica lemani Bondroit" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemani">Formica lemani</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="F4574C4FC60FDDEA61E75D6FDB67E4F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29086" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" genus.bestMatchDistance="2396" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica fusca Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">F. fusca</taxonomicName>
. Alatae occur in July.
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<paragraph id="6CCABB57253FD70C9B6270826120ABBF" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="F73B3DD1E0DC5C7DC1386260D5A1BB2F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:190989" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Archaeoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Archaeoteleia simulans Masner" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">Archaeoteleia simulans Masner</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A271C1F60F772077E87A14D1E295BE48" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="E691E29BD672EB1BF1BB830AB096B69B" pageNumber="43">Figures 68-71</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D117B03F04C4A9726AE30BCD34A556E" pageNumber="43">Description: Female. Length 2.55 mm. Color: generally ebony black; with the exception of A5, mandible (except for very tip), palpi, tegula, legs including coxae, yellowish; hind coxa slightly darker than remainder of legs; wings clear, without cloud of pigmentation below marginal, stigmal veins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47EE795B6AF5782B3CDA2FD8814A4EDA" pageNumber="43">Head (Figs. 69-71): vertex, occiput, frons (except facial striae), upper gena smooth, without microsculpture, with minimum appressed minute setae; upper frons, interocellar space glabrous; eye glabrous; LOL slightly greater than OOL; occipital carina fine, but complete, with minuscule crenulation; frons without median keel, but shallow depression present above antennal insertion; facial striae dense, reaching inner orbit, reaching not beyond lower third of height of eye, very short posterior to malar sulcus; clypeus triangular, smooth, anterolateral corners minute; rim of torulus confluent with dorsal margin of clypeus; antenna remarkably slender: A1 5.4-6.0 times as long as wide; A2 2.3 times as long as wide; A3 3.6-3.8 times as long as wide; flagellum with fairly short setae; claval formula A6-A12/2-2-2-2-2-2-1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8FF926A82B2A3F5720679B24C127159" pageNumber="44">
<pageStartToken id="B8BEAB973B5A55B20AA93AFC80AF2EA3" pageNumber="44">
<pageStartToken id="151FF6DA8A9A035C48BDD793E1410C6A" pageNumber="44">Mesosoma</pageStartToken>
</pageStartToken>
(Figs. 70-71): transverse pronotal carina sharp, slightly arcuate, curved forward medially, anterolateral corners angular, but not spikelike; vertical epomial carina present, distinct in upper half, somewhat irregular ventrally; horizontal epomial carina complete, sharp, pronotal shoulders well developed, with row of foveolae both along the horizontal carina and adjacent to mesoscutum, moderately developed, nearly smooth between foveolae; lateral pronotum with large glabrous field, with very delicate microsculpture; netrion well defined by foveolae, considerable micropilosity; mesoscutum with middle lobe smooth and shining, entire surface, particularly posterior two-thirds, regularly covered with setigerous punctures, setae semidecumbent, lateral lobe of mesoscutum almost entirely glabrous, with only few setigerous punctures near posterior notaulus; admedian lines present, fine; notaulus complete, rather narrow, finely foveolate, subparallel; parapsidal line absent or faintly indicated; transscutal articulation well developed, posterior flanking foveolae large; scutellum without microsculpture, with only few setigerous punctures; scutellar spines short, pointed, slightly incurved, distinctly shorter than length of scutellar disk; mesopleural carina absent; dorsal portion of mesopleuron smooth, glabrous, mesepisternum smooth, with fairly dense appressed pilosity; acetabular carina sharply raised; chain of foveolae along posterior margin of mesopleuron well developed, extending ventrally to mid coxal cavity; metapleuron with dense pilosity, both upper and lower parts almost smooth, without microsculpture; propodeum with fine pilosity, almost without medial depression, but median keels well-developed; wings almost clear, widely surpassing tip of metasoma; basal vein, M, Cu, Rs nebulous, with delicate infuscation under marginal vein; postmarginal vein stublike, extremely short; stigmal vein short, slightly curved apically; legs extremely long and slender, femora very weakly incrassate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D8925BB13099B0A0D414CDD8B1553C8B">
<paragraph id="BD81AD1E71BCB1F595B425451084A726" pageNumber="44">
FIGURES 68-71.
<taxonomicName id="386812F32BCB171C62832355DD31C7F9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:190989" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Archaeoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Archaeoteleia simulans Masner" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">Archaeoteleia simulans</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E1E90CE59D78CA838592F88AB315C2" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype female (OSUC 146493) 68, Lateral habitus; 69, head, frontal view; 70, head and mesosoma, lateral view; 71, head and mesosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="47169969307866570BFF1B91C2B950D5" pageNumber="45">
<pageStartToken id="DED5BBB97F277C97CFB5C6A4084C444A" pageNumber="45">
<pageStartToken id="280A850053C5EDF710D8164B620C773D" pageNumber="45">Metasoma</pageStartToken>
</pageStartToken>
(Figs. 68, 71) relatively short, length 2.4 times width, most terga with rather long, scattered, semierect hairs; T1 entirely longitudinally costate except for narrow, smooth band along posterior margin, horn not or only weakly developed, anterior margin with only moderate elevation, length of T1 0.5 times width; length of T2 0.5 times width, strongly costate throughout; length of T3 0.4 times width, costae finer than on T2, both T2, T3 with narrow smooth band along posterior margin; length of T4 0.5 times width, with finer longitudinal costae, larger smooth area posteriorly; length of T5 0.5 times width, predominantly with very short longitudinal rugulosity anteriorly, mostly smooth in posterior half; T6 very short, bluntly triangular, length 0.8 times width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC6FC3B87F40BAF7AD972A58DC201647" pageNumber="45">Male. Differing from the female in the following characters: both A4 and A5 with keels, keels not exceeding basal third of antennomere; length of A1 4.3 times width; length of A2 1.3 times width; length of A3 1.8 times length of A1; propodeal keels less pronounced than in female; all metasomatic terga longitudinally costate, but progressively finer, on T4 only anterior half with longitudinal sculpture.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="1DEEB1BB968482C913A6508AFAA66042" pageNumber="45">
Diagnosis. Most similar to
<taxonomicName id="A2F4548540871B2D28D7372FBB11D1CA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:4038" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Archaeoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Archaeoteleia araucana Masner" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucana">A. araucana</taxonomicName>
, distinguished by the even coverage of distinct setigerous punctures on the entire middle lobe of the mesoscutum, and the low and completely striate bulge on T1 in the female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B351272E5E6F945B467F8796A7A9A432" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BBC6CC6298385995CF9AE02C13769208" pageNumber="45">
Etymology. The specific epithet simulans, derived from Latin for imitate or copy, refers to the similarity of this species to
<taxonomicName id="7FA258E84F6AC5829F4F2199EC5F487C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:4038" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Archaeoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Archaeoteleia araucana Masner" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucana">Archaeoteleia araucana</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="51DD0410A2C54AE197A371C8265323C7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D12EB08E70943F7AA79CF3819EAC7F6E" pageNumber="45">Link to Distribution Map. [http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu:210/hymenoptera/eol_scelionidae.content _page?page_level=3&amp;page_id=taxon_page_data&amp;page_version=190989&amp;page_option1=M]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D5601E8F185E9E124C7D5832FE2729B" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7A758FC685BF938866BF6D094920C3D6" pageNumber="45">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation id="C787DD630B4D2370655601A719EAB2E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892564" collectingDate="1988-02-16" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="L. Masner" country="CHILE" location="Antillanca, 1300 m, Nothofagus tree line, Puyehue N. P." specimenCode="OSUC 174423" stateProvince="Osorno Prov., Los Lagos Reg." typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus id="67907D597D2659E1E80132644BCA701E">Holotype</typeStatus>
female:
<collectingCountry id="B45B3E0BDE814F84DA20A5584680C5B4">CHILE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="B36409B5EE58006EEECDBF35DBED2BC5">Los Lagos</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="3074933821DC02953496EF70CDE282C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:3074933821DC02953496EF70CDE282C6" country="CHILE" name="Antillanca, 1300 m, Nothofagus tree line, Puyehue N. P." stateProvince="Los Lagos">
Antillanca, 1300 m,
<taxonomicName id="B2A542550A5FC434ACF9EC8554D184B9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
tree line, Puyehue N.P.
</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="D041CA78090DD039C76404842DB2127F">Osorno Prov.</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="32EF63CF4E8CC2A71CE361D609786FCF" day="16" month="02" value="1988-02-16" year="1988">
<collectingDate id="0B905F8F879D7A457055A41A3C16A64E" day="16" month="02" value="1988-02-16" year="1988">16.II.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="5198BEA14959B10012E2816374E842B6">L. Masner</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="F13FD12E3820B402A555F1AFCC221B32">OSUC 174423</specimenCode>
. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="9FDBCC63062E01C58050ED1B78ECF26D" collectionName="Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian National Collection of Insects">CNCI</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB797BEBC28E5244DCDC16E0FBD6E57C" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="655F88AA25895D1367B4339ACDE85C61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892540" collectingDate="1993-02-02" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="L. E. Pena" country="CHILE" location="Monte Verde, Carahue" specimenCode="OSUC 146493" stateProvince="Prov. de Cautin, Araucania Reg." typeStatus="Paratype">
<typeStatus id="0E1E29E8A480AA7D8504A1C2F92E5F44">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="51691C31F03552C7CC15ABA61ACD60AB">CHILE</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="E82F5FD1D412AC17B8F1EB9926944A85">Araucania</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="3556B7127E0D6D17EBF214C59017B94B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:3556B7127E0D6D17EBF214C59017B94B" country="CHILE" name="Monte Verde, Carahue" stateProvince="Araucania">Monte Verde, Carahue</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="B4613EB0B5E1031AEEF414C8682803F0">Prov. de Cautin</collectingRegion>
, 29.I-
<date id="8E8253E8AE10FB0EFB8A2172168E5D23" day="02" month="02" value="1993-02-02" year="1993">
<collectingDate id="DB1D55174389DA52E719DF8524E50AE4" day="02" month="02" value="1993-02-02" year="1993">2.II.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="50C909ECC10D045199F00F9CCFC1F172">L.E. Pena</collectorName>
, female,
<specimenCode id="6BBEC0337B3E89F9B6526E1752F4EE87">OSUC 146493</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="4EB56A2EDA6C00015472B3202615C1ED" collectionName="Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian National Collection of Insects">CNCI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E3414B86A70FB90AF864DFCD9E368064" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892536" collectingDate="2005-02-09" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="L. Masner" country="Chile" location="Nahuelbuta National Park, forest" specimenCode="OSUC 203943, 203944" stateProvince="Araucania Reg." typeStatus="Paratypes">
<location id="FE9F01CEADF9008F27044543A9CCCDDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:FE9F01CEADF9008F27044543A9CCCDDC" country="Chile" name="Nahuelbuta National Park, forest" stateProvince="Prov. De Cautin">Nahuelbuta National Park, forest</location>
,
<date id="8FECF59E113733A43ECFF2FF9BD05C04" day="09" month="02" value="2005-02-09" year="2005">
<collectingDate id="1CE28139DAADD49979AD79293B106A2F" day="09" month="02" value="2005-02-09" year="2005">9.II.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="11F759D3A560F65D3CB82C018AB44387">L. Masner</collectorName>
, 2 females,
<specimenCode id="AAFF086172789CC51AED555700FDF89D">OSUC 203943, 203944</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="79377F00FEF3EE9F2FD60121212CD142" collectionName="Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian National Collection of Insects">CNCI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="CBCB17F62F0E5699B7295222ADAA33BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892566" collectingDate="2005-02-13" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="UCR AToL" country="Chile" latitude="-42.8125" location="Lago Tepuhueico, 15 m, shoreline forest, Miraflores, Chiloe Isl." longitude="-73.94" specimenCode="OSUC 174444" stateProvince="Chiloe Prov., Los Lagos Reg." typeStatus="Paratype">
<collectingRegion id="7FCA8B3B645FF00206578BA0E75FFE53">Los Lagos</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="FC95A7A3D3AADC564D153D348F37901F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:FC95A7A3D3AADC564D153D348F37901F" latitude="-42.8125" longitude="-73.94" name="Lago Tepuhueico" stateProvince="Los Lagos">Lago Tepuhueico</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="61BDDC912F625EA5C1CF3DAB9EE4FE40" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-42.8125">42°48'45&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2B55E1453BE1D9CF1F1D61FDEDD03262" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-73.94">73°56'24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="D1BA06BE22550E8A971F1D563744EF8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:D1BA06BE22550E8A971F1D563744EF8E" latitude="-42.8125" longitude="-73.94" name="15 m" stateProvince="Los Lagos">15 m</location>
,
<collectorName id="29D1012897643648A1D2773336BEFA58">UCR AToL</collectorName>
C05-015,
<location id="8AB035EA2A78D7EC4B5E0496CF87E15D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:8AB035EA2A78D7EC4B5E0496CF87E15D" latitude="-42.8125" longitude="-73.94" name="shoreline forest, Miraflores" stateProvince="Los Lagos">shoreline forest, Miraflores</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="FDC9DB3E52CF734EE74FD14A746C2316">Chiloe Isl.</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FE7C76620F35609E4DC7663C44BEAE00" day="13" month="02" value="2005-02-13" year="2005">
<collectingDate id="8E24855B2D72808F07A659EC9375F814" day="13" month="02" value="2005-02-13" year="2005">13.II.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, male,
<specimenCode id="A195614E8E729A610EA017ECCD8F2A99">OSUC 174444</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="2D13A66DFC1984B7064BCC76F4A91F44" collectionName="Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian National Collection of Insects">CNCI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53B6AE7265D676421324A11922BB2BB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892563" collectingDate="1988-02-12" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="L. Masner" country="Chile" location="Las Trancas, 500 m, Nothofagus, 30 km W La Union" specimenCode="OSUC 203936 - 203939, 203945" stateProvince="Valdivia Prov." typeStatus="Paratypes">
<location id="7F44EAB898DA1B46B47DB771CC1CF82D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:7F44EAB898DA1B46B47DB771CC1CF82D" name="Las Trancas, 500 m, Nothofagus, 30 km W La Union" stateProvince="Valdivia Prov.">
Las Trancas, 500 m,
<taxonomicName id="8490ED285EF29EC33545B3259B35DCEE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
, 30 km W La Union
</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="65852AE2C9144CEE466E8EFFB4AADED5">Valdivia Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 7-
<date id="40031D127FD8877010ADC30BCD2F9007" day="12" month="02" value="1988-02-12" year="1988">
<collectingDate id="BB4194BEC5387C1207634D9F6DF6F92B" day="12" month="02" value="1988-02-12" year="1988">12.II.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="626A651599165BF2A2EEBC94A396AAD0">L. Masner</collectorName>
, 4 males, 1 female,
<specimenCode id="8C6ADBF010EBB8B2739C05B482F23B13">OSUC 203936-203939, 203945</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="0F892A63AF3A17ED565AE6F2B967616C" collectionName="Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian National Collection of Insects">CNCI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="406C47DEC9C296846F50FFB0CE38C8BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892557" collectingDate="1968-03-29" collectionCode="AEIC" collectorName="L. E. Pena" country="Chile" location="Petrohue" specimenCode="OSUC 151832" stateProvince="Llanquihue Prov. (old)" typeStatus="Paratype">
<location id="01921CDA135A38C14F7D1022CA22D4BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:01921CDA135A38C14F7D1022CA22D4BA" name="Petrohue" stateProvince="Llanquihue Prov. (old)">Petrohue</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="E84502299E88C448EA3B0BB83A30D7B9">Llanquihue Prov. (old)</collectingRegion>
, 26-
<date id="BBFDE1CEEDC640E63FC1EBAEC2BA75B1" day="29" month="03" value="1968-03-29" year="1968">
<collectingDate id="D536866AE6837D27E18F6E9BB79C31AB" day="29" month="03" value="1968-03-29" year="1968">29.III.1968</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="20BAE645BBD033C9B5D732276EA0627A">L.E. Pena</collectorName>
, male,
<specimenCode id="CC6676E425C5AF059ED6D3CA411F0BCB">
OSUC
<date id="E256D6327A9906A1EB2005A171CE5887" day="15" month="18" value="32-18-15" year="32">151832</date>
</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="579256447E7055E2B3E1C4596BCAB38B" collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, American Entomological Institute">AEIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="532738AAFED9864C8E161B2C0FCFBBB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892559" collectingDate="1988-02-24" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="L. Masner" country="Chile" location="Puntra River, 100 m, Nothofagus forest, Route 5, Chiloe Isl." specimenCode="OSUC 203941" stateProvince="Chiloe Prov., Los Lagos Reg." typeStatus="Paratypes">
<location id="B2B4A6598F048C3333B222F304A6902F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD06618995F5806C024EDA14CF47A0F4:B2B4A6598F048C3333B222F304A6902F" country="Chile" name="Puntra River, 100 m, Nothofagus forest, Route 5" stateProvince="Chiloe Isl., Los Lagos Reg.">
Puntra River, 100 m,
<taxonomicName id="DA2262283A3AA45219632F8E33294C1A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
forest, Route 5
</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="1172B125F9A9322909BC294C3FCA324D">Chiloe Isl., Los Lagos Reg.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="D6AAEBD03DA6D038A8632CD53B3BF968">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="109C65B22A4E8BF3CA001B778D8C564E" day="24" month="02" value="1988-02-24" year="1988">
<collectingDate id="20E616EBF06DFE5A46117FCAD91E62ED" day="24" month="02" value="1988-02-24" year="1988">24.II.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="7F4F0A333D025C96FD298A8A4793FB57">L. Masner</collectorName>
, 2 males,
<specimenCode id="1815D13BB2A98083DACAA52306765D15">OSUC 203941</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="0AA4109AD6BE6E115242FA4A7A1589D7" collectionName="Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian National Collection of Insects">CNCI</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
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<treatment id="FD0680D9BF98298237190F40FF97A903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0680D9BF98298237190F40FF97A903" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD0680D9BF98298237190F40FF97A903" lastPageNumber="36094" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">
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<paragraph id="DF4996F922007759E277149D1E3390CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">
<taxonomicName id="4BF2D273E024FD7577533957F711A3F9" ID-CoL="8XSP3" authority="(Haitlinger, 2003) [L]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Abrolophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrolophus bohdani" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bohdani">Abrolophus bohdani (Haitlinger, 2003) [L]</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9706A58912C9194F88504DE77E82554" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F62844DC6D446E40701C4B26210F540E" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3030CB0171CEE5B29103C6E887087460" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">
<materialsCitation id="6478450ABE7776FBACA7CBD0BE8B80EA" collectingDate="2005-06-25" collectingMethod="T" collectorName="MG" latitude="60.5881" location="Dale" longitude="5.8178" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus id="053275E531CA4A76A04514A2C7EAA416" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordNumber: 1 L; recordedBy:
<collectorName id="27B126CF1AC03161A7EA6118FE63F386" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">MG</collectorName>
; Location: county: NOR-Hordaland; locality:
<location id="E7CF24B09511FE6D358A87F538BF2F03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0680D9BF98298237190F40FF97A903:E7CF24B09511FE6D358A87F538BF2F03" latitude="60.5881" longitude="5.8178" name="Dale" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Dale</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation id="BDF08421ED625C3BF92A7249984E47D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">50</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate id="94954135AA4A86D3871DB4ED432CB582" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" value="60.5881">60.5881</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate id="AA838FE417218D0F4955BD3186E6DD3B" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" value="5.8178">5.8178</geoCoordinate>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod id="8E81723B6DADFEF6A8CDC5C020661066" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">T</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate id="C1A56932FB9E2E0E9BFD08B3A640E7E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" value="2005-06-25">25/06/2005</collectingDate>
; habitat: Litter, soil, humus
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="CD3A5542E0DD64A2076BE3DD524A00A3" collectingDate="2003-05-17" collectingMethod="T" collectorName="MG, SS" latitude="61.56" location="Sognefjellet" longitude="7.9628" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus id="D937DBA543B4B8FB9D4EE44AA7895EBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordNumber: 3 L; recordedBy:
<collectorName id="104BE55017C2618E2941EDF0B178FBF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">MG, SS</collectorName>
; Location: county: NOR-Oppland; locality:
<location id="5E7B0CA1D4CEAF1A750EF497D99B46BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0680D9BF98298237190F40FF97A903:5E7B0CA1D4CEAF1A750EF497D99B46BD" latitude="61.56" longitude="7.9628" name="Sognefjellet" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Sognefjellet</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation id="57590EBCBA6111C3338DFAF1906D9695" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">1 400</elevation>
; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod id="215A8B7BD5AE01E545BB55CDA69911FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">T</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate id="04FF474C059AC942351B4047DE9457C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" value="2003-05-17">17/05/2003</collectingDate>
; habitat: Moss and lichens on rocks
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="F7E4F2B1D74D93C3A8EDC08AA716FF9C" collectingDate="2002-07-04" collectingMethod="T" collectorName="MG, PS, SS" latitude="61.4047" location="Rorvik" longitude="6.2178" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus id="EB808DC3D98313F508E69156B5FC8C0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordNumber: 1 L; recordedBy:
<collectorName id="DC7020B4A755160C000C07BB07B6947D" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">MG, PS, SS</collectorName>
; Location: county: NOR-Sogn og Fjordane; locality:
<location id="C94B3ED0A6771097EC2CB7DBB6CD9941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0680D9BF98298237190F40FF97A903:C94B3ED0A6771097EC2CB7DBB6CD9941" latitude="61.4047" longitude="6.2178" name="Rorvik" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">
<normalizedToken id="B65AC25375FD726D545B1AE9357700E6" originalValue="Rørvik">Rorvik</normalizedToken>
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
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; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate id="F8FFCD2E93DC4E03E01498D5825C53E3" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" value="61.4047">61.4047</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate id="8E727E655A73558955F7E298C0EECBA7" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" value="6.2178">6.2178</geoCoordinate>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod id="EFB6C4A1015034E4CE9434C9BF7709D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">T</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate id="CAE84F4F6FFD466E08D094D19AAA6CE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" value="2002-07-04">04/07/2002</collectingDate>
; habitat: Moss, lichens and humus on rocks
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B83C98C13B88B91E72EEC5CBD07E3716" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="89D86712C28F91F188A13CA9E301BCA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="934BA0CAA62508380725AA8C9E82D76D" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">New for Norway.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
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<taxonomicName LSID="FD068B26-C6F2-5438-84C1-0261F88E70D4" authority="(Hemsl.) Dunn, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 158. 1913" authorityName="(Hemsl.) Dunn, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 158." authorityYear="1913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Coleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleus carnosifolius" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosifolius">Coleus carnosifolius (Hemsl.) Dunn, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 158. 1913</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hemsl" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plectranthus carnosifolius" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnosifolius">Plectranthus carnosifolius</taxonomicName>
Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 270. 1890. Type: China, Guangdong Prov., Aug. 1887, C. Ford 107 (holotype: K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SE. China.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="CADCE5AB4F34010356BD5903B3DE7563" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
(E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803)
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<emphasis id="23A4040F04D3020DF3349E64A5E00D7F" italics="true" pageNumber="559">[Civetta] indica</emphasis>
E.
<bibRefCitation id="52965FE003EC01812D4AFE56F242CF49" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." refId="ref118357" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 272 pp." year="1803">Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="504AB556522B292E431A3189DD7CF668" author="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" pageNumber="559" pagination="113" title="Civetta indica" volumeTitle="Cat. Mamm. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat." year="1803">
Cat. Mamm.
<collectingRegion id="159E7FE5074A55748CB3E49B5E7B9CBA" country="Turkey" name="Mus">Mus</collectingRegion>
. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 113
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="0BD909B9612258A4C5AD9A72B66E1350" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="312362FA480370648C94F86EA5C35565" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="559">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="ACBBBFF5C124CCC8717C1A8C8DFC2EA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350608" country="India" pageNumber="559">
&quot;l'Inde&quot; [
<collectingCountry id="3F212241E07937448BECB2DE176B53FF" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
].
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="B0B037B96EE247F8451213A221B9C9BD" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="1E485EA41F3F4003B585839A3B859C44" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="559">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="631B138E4241CB8B08B36414B9650B33" language="eng" pageNumber="559">Small Indian Civet</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4BA52173A8AAE6FDBA95BF94DEF97F6B" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="B4C2AA1592D0AF9C9283810D5A7E95D8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="559">Subspecies:</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CAA6D7E3CCB772BAC123EF96765CE9AE" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="1F0427820D69ABA541075B874AF88141" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="indica">
<emphasis id="DC4E6C594C48C36E6C41507265B60333" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="7B7C599E0BF35AF41062AFC100114EEC" italics="true" pageNumber="559">indica</emphasis>
E.
<bibRefCitation id="F56C6A5AC4BAC1437C703038E66F15FB" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." refId="ref118357" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 272 pp." year="1803">Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B92C843DDFEA2F68E8F20423F6B44FC" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="AD4145795962BC16C31DB07D244D8DDA" authority="Sody 1931" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="atchinensis">
<emphasis id="5DE1E16487199BDE37B874689EBB197B" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="8FED16C8AB7AA9DFC0BC950B126C51F0" italics="true" pageNumber="559">atchinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B6D7A41BA9DC3A0D756456E5555C3ED0" author="Sody, H. J. V." refId="ref332541" refString="Sody, H. J. V. 1931. Six new mammals from Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 91: 349 - 360." year="1931">Sody 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00993AB642B66474D8C2EAD228001318" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="2CF074D03E46D9326840E467BA555DD3" authority="Sody 1931" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="baliensis">
<emphasis id="414492B63B7676715B606BED5D980488" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="9069913A99704439D769D228C84B209B" italics="true" pageNumber="559">baliensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="28B3C39D6E977B8585DEDB06444D7CA3" author="Sody, H. J. V." refId="ref332541" refString="Sody, H. J. V. 1931. Six new mammals from Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 91: 349 - 360." year="1931">Sody 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79930426F8872036F549924FBA6E17EE" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="E89A710CB10F3DC6CC378C9C8E399864" authority="Pocock 1933" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="baptistae">
<emphasis id="58231E4A1F0E9C9AC0978D10C32641E0" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="1774ACA5CDB80AE3C8EA06C519BA827C" italics="true" pageNumber="559">baptistae</emphasis>
Pocock 1933
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF03B98BA900FE4C622291DFFEF2AD32" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="671CC8C71C509241D36717D6103BA29A" authority="Bonhote 1898" authorityName="Bonhote" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="deserti">
<emphasis id="B0FE8D9DB24DFBCF46E633C10905FC9F" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="4815EBB0D1B215B809DFC08DB9D82899" italics="true" pageNumber="559">deserti</emphasis>
Bonhote 1898
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96AACE103D81E905416B338D2BB27F3F" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="C49746BFFAC2BC0DDBFCD19C45D24872" authority="Pocock 1933" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="klossi">
<emphasis id="E43C525690BB6B4B90309F193623B4D4" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="EB2697DCFADA368D6F78F7AC19952609" italics="true" pageNumber="559">klossi</emphasis>
Pocock 1933
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="491C0E420C14B530961954157DC2BEEC" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="FE55B9A3AAFBB472C24F26142D8FBF68" authority="Pocock 1933" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="mayori">
<emphasis id="5240DFF29A6056BECDE63BA53C3A9BD7" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="9DA826749E6D8125B0E9985FF37ABD8D" italics="true" pageNumber="559">mayori</emphasis>
Pocock 1933
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="684DF8381D56EF52C1A7D3A8BB23486D" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="15392BC58724152C0332E00B77D11A61" authority="Sody 1931" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="muriavensis">
<emphasis id="D276626D76234E100F3ADAB3FE5225AA" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="90135A75BE0A582F89D8997CE066042A" italics="true" pageNumber="559">muriavensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37A8200347B1D4872CA32FCA4BC929CF" author="Sody, H. J. V." refId="ref332541" refString="Sody, H. J. V. 1931. Six new mammals from Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 91: 349 - 360." year="1931">Sody 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="772570BE0B55CDE3C2C933C0DDC73F23" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="0A84D70B05D8D6482B15CA2A4989A7FD" authority="Gray 1831" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="pallida">
<emphasis id="536711ECED32FA16904F5697C0474F49" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="56ABA376AD527F40FDD31FFC7553D8C2" italics="true" pageNumber="559">pallida</emphasis>
Gray 1831
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E216557DF972C883B51EE1E167939E80" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="A30984E66B92EDE3ED3A73B56494FDB0" authority="Pollen 1866" authorityName="Pollen" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="schlegelii">
<emphasis id="EBCFA3679F5CF64E8A6C23F97F471A0D" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="4ACC3994308DB1C93CBF2F836A16B0AF" italics="true" pageNumber="559">schlegelii</emphasis>
Pollen 1866
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78A76C272547543B11E2AF68DF5E3FDA" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="8D19951C5E3F1FE8B263D8583F64A33E" authority="Kloss 1919" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1919" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="thai">
<emphasis id="DCA85653907B0F97052D501CB356BC04" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="FD45765F944A3F17A84C67EF4923B960" italics="true" pageNumber="559">thai</emphasis>
Kloss 1919
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="180C2E9E908244B1319DF651F6F9D549" pageNumber="559">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="FDC499A17EE250E02AB351C84C056B74" authority="Pocock 1933" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="wellsi">
<emphasis id="04421F4E0ECF67ED28B76C2BF9CE0545" italics="true" pageNumber="559">Viverricula indica</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="39A1EABB3E022B487A664FDC284CCEEC" italics="true" pageNumber="559">wellsi</emphasis>
Pocock 1933
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06B3F42443D052668EDCEB07DA2A597F" pageNumber="559" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C2489AC26F55351EF7FAC5C453698F5D" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="42506FC47265FF2490E8E58128E57A52" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="559">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="CD70C04D068DF097B3805E151635DA33" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1A14B7F338B4412F29D22E05E9533D14" name="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0A060D9A2E5136CC56A4FB7AFFC0AFEE" name="Myanmar">Burma</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9374560E75B24D76D465D4269C3E1371" name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8A3ECBEC1E714C145709AB9ADFF827EF" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="86A0C65B7AD41408122F229CB0AD76FE" name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="414B1EF7A0DBBCD01CF6A759CB2DA305" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1884282805C8B9EBEE40384DE91F44B0" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(Borneo,
<collectingRegion id="663BE4B543AB9D8869E8FFB154D7BC47" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="BB9F7EBD1743ECCA3F672CD18CF36BCF" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
, Kangean Isl, Sumbawa,
<collectingRegion id="C41F970D699F9E697119D777650AFB29" country="Indonesia" name="Bali">Bali</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="9227103A4953966FF049C2E3FF5DDF3F" name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9681F0F507EC071656CE6E184059BE2C" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D07E568E55A0B0B7D73420A4BC64BFA3" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1793BC20559106619E5839872FBF28C3" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="085657233C200F9DE406C0E6CCD1A1AD" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F8BF8E76EC21BC83C8464EA796E760C1" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="457BA4F649C7AAADBAEA832C30625DAB" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8DC572C75029E32B8A18361FD53B1E0D" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. Introduced to
<collectingCountry id="D3B783B6F077270D58BB6E3C99234EEA" name="Yemen">Yemen</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9F0F9465C44CD5262A13CC74E6D1E726" name="Tanzania">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="418DB2A9657CCA089B267C130FD22877" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba">Pemba</collectingRegion>
Isl,
<collectingCountry id="30C43321A6C1511063CF53E5AC2B00B6" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Isl,
<collectingCountry id="8DF33C995A1318A3A46E5F83955AEF65" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, the Comoro Isls, and the
<collectingCountry id="A90807D27A0F625F8FCA256B37075D2F" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
; scattered distribution on many SE Asian islands due to introductions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A80B1D435B955468CA8AC34EA87C7B4" pageNumber="559" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="80DBF77FAAB745EC49DC9B2926B474A3" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="29B6EFAEC3A3F8F98459E9235BF6E052" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="559">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="E5E668B08F45179DEE6742BDE58E2E31">CITES</collectionCode>
Appendix III (
<collectingCountry id="3824580D1DA2347FC00D5F310E3F5DA6" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
);
<collectionCode id="9B6F4FDDBA4DC6F562544DEA906600AF">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4CFF1AA03576209D21894AF24C29A36E" pageNumber="559" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AEE3810328A221C4C0CC64B48AAD94F6" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="F622BA25887B48256D4019530D54562A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="559">Discussion:</emphasis>
Subspecies arranged according to
<bibRefCitation id="1122201507579AB053719CC89C73872E" author="Pocock, R. I." refId="ref290176" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1933 b. The civet cats of Asia. Part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 36 (3): 629 - 656." year="1933">
Pocock (1933
<emphasis id="D29F055433151F244AAC5510FE219864" italics="true" pageNumber="559">b</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="9DBDBD8B6D3F10B22D5A9332D47914F9" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
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<taxonomicName id="4E0BCF138FBEDBB07DBD9C999684D073" ID-CoL="36GGW" authority="Gravenhorst, 1820" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diphyus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diphyus salicatorius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicatorius">Diphyus salicatorius (Gravenhorst, 1820)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B283F8F72280593E0954772ED7A78C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
<taxonomicName id="2799A1FBA87DE910C181FDEFEF5CE376" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon salicatorius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicatorius">Ichneumon salicatorius</taxonomicName>
Gravenhorst, 1820
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B290BEA902C5B1BCA6B66243EBD83981" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
<taxonomicName id="D2945EF70E58A44CB46F92830DE85BC2" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ethelurgina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethelurgina cinctorius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctorius">cinctorius</taxonomicName>
(Stephens, 1835,
<taxonomicName id="0F4D9A891E6E3A5CA695D7D893022AE3" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ichneumon</taxonomicName>
) preocc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4CC78081759C10F7403C72327FF6923" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
<taxonomicName id="8C330C3181013585AAFC7957660D5F7A" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ethelurgina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethelurgina indocilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indocilis">indocilis</taxonomicName>
(Wesmael, 1845,
<taxonomicName id="2785F138C89E8CCEB530DF66F3BE6CE8" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Amblyteles" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblyteles</taxonomicName>
) synonymy by
<bibRefCitation id="68B95F58A6EEBBAB58C4F60C32D951A5" author="Horstmann, K." journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" pagination="3 - 12" title="Revisionen von Schlupfwespen-Arten II (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae)" volume="88" year="1998">Horstmann (1998b)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4598DD6D2B0DA0B6A3C96912B3B03BE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
<taxonomicName id="B2C17C30B8BDE8DE41025DBCD6830EB4" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ethelurgina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethelurgina relucens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relucens">relucens</taxonomicName>
(Desvignes, 1856,
<taxonomicName id="6BE280C00A8C8487730A73A5EBDC04D5" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ichneumon</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="082576331820CF07748624B879D8B5AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
<taxonomicName id="316D4615E111406FAF5A84889798B932" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ethelurgina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethelurgina inaciculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaciculatus">inaciculatus</taxonomicName>
(Pic, 1927,
<taxonomicName id="5EFA20A5F23B8EFBA7DDADB6DC7C1498" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Amblyteles" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblyteles</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EACA9920BF3797B8C94871832E8DF4F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
<taxonomicName id="FDE801C4552C4BE05EF153C1D89139FF" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ethelurgina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethelurgina nigrobinotatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrobinotatus">nigrobinotatus</taxonomicName>
(Pic, 1927,
<taxonomicName id="67F3200E81D803AC63E3BF2FA49F577B" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Amblyteles" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblyteles</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B61D3EAB11B27056CF2E205AF03A2D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="409DD42CD74890CCFF53EB6E0D50973F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="522E7B5CA950606267974EE1ADD1B2C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England, Scotland, Wales</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1098-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" ID-ZooBank="B4F4033F296E43CCBE54B9413BC19268" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A47440D3-8DC7-474C-88A4-9F060DF006C2" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1098-1" checkinTime="1651618226429" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rakotonirina, Jean Claude &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2022" docId="FD0748C769085176A1B9770C37040519" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1098: 1-180" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1098" docPubDate="2022-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223" docTitle="Camponotus karsti Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A47440D3-8DC7-474C-88A4-9F060DF006C2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="B22184E75B1A59C9B985C0DD9F092196" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Myrmosaga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1651618226429" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Revision of the Malagasy Camponotus subgenus Myrmosaga (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) using qualitative and quantitative morphology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rakotonirina, Jean Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Madagascar Biodiversity Center, BP 6257, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo, Madagascar &amp; Departement d'Entomologie-Culture, Elevage, Sante; Faculte des Sciences, BP 906, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jcrakoto25@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3270</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number>2022-05-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1098</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A47440D3-8DC7-474C-88A4-9F060DF006C2" authority="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher, 2022" authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus karsti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karsti" status="sp. nov.">Camponotus karsti</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Mesosoma and petiolar node in lateral view A C. karsti (CASENT 0217292) B C. harenarum (CASENT 0499207)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678064" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Camponotus karsti A lateral view B head in full-face view C dorsal view of holotype minor worker CASENT 0217292 D distribution map." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678121" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 62</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype worker">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype worker.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Madagascar</emphasis>
: Province
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antsiranana</emphasis>
: RS Ankarana, 7 km SE Matsaborimanga, -12.9, 49.11667, 150 m, tropical dry forest, low vegetation, 27 Nov 1990 (P.S. Ward) collection code: PSW11005, specimen code: CASENT0217292 (CAS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="paratype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1 minor worker with same data as holotype but respectively specimen coded as: CASENT0837940 (CAS).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="RS Ankarana, P. S. Ward" country="Madagascar" elevation="150" location="Dry Forest" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antsiranana">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana">Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName>RS Ankarana</collectorName>
,
<locationDeviation location="Matsaborimanga">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
SE Matsaborimanga
</locationDeviation>
, -12.9, 49.11667,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0748C769085176A1B9770C37040519:E39A06CDD88B1869AA93C0D5D70891A3" country="Madagascar" name="Dry Forest" stateProvince="Antsiranana">Dry Forest</location>
, (
<collectorName>P.S. Ward</collectorName>
) (CAS)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
With head in full-face view, eye not breaking lateral cephalic margin; mesonotum short and lacking constriction; promesonotum an even convexity; propodeum with blunt angle at ca. posterior 1/2; anterior margin of petiolar node in profile very low, dorsal surface noticeably horizontal, ca. 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as posterior surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor worker.</emphasis>
With head in full-face view, lateral margins anterior to eye level approximately parallel, progressively rounding evenly towards slightly concave rear margin; eye protruding and large (EL/CL: 0.26
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.25-0.26), not breaking lateral cephalic margin, location of its posterior margin at posterior 1/4 of head (PoOc/CL: 0.26
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.25-0.27); frontal carinae parallel, not widely opened posteriorly (FR/CS: 0.25); clypeus with blunt or poorly defined anterolateral angle, anteromedian margin broadly convex; two apical teeth of mandible normally spaced; antennal scape relatively long (SL/CS: 1.65
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03; 1.63-1.67). Promesonotum noticeably convex, followed by a slightly visible metanotal groove; anterior portion of propodeal dorsum sloping along its first 1/2 then slightly convex and rounding to declivity surface. Anterior margin of petiolar node ca. 1/2 height of posterior margin, dorsal margin separated by an angle from anterior margin and inclined posteriorly to jointly rounding to posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">First and second gastral tergites without a pair of white spots; erect hairs on lateral margin of head present on anterior and behind eye level; posterior margin of head with two elongate, erect hairs; antennal scape covered with appressed hairs; junction of propodeal dorsum and declivity with two pairs of erect hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major worker.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. karsti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="karsti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. karsti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is limited to the dry forest of the RS Ankarana in the north of Madagascar (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="F62" captionText="Figure 62. Camponotus karsti A lateral view B head in full-face view C dorsal view of holotype minor worker CASENT 0217292 D distribution map." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678121" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">62D</figureCitation>
). Nest site for this species is unknown, but foraging is carried out on lower portions of vegetation.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1098.73223.figure62" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/678121" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 62" startId="F62">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 62.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus karsti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karsti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camponotus karsti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
head in full-face view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of holotype minor worker CASENT0217292
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
distribution map.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus karsti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karsti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camponotus karsti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be confounded with
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. harenarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="harenarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. harenarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because both species are characterized by the presence of a blunt angle at approximately the posterior 1/2 of propodeal dorsum. However,
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. harenarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="harenarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. harenarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the separate convexity of its mesonotum and anterior 1/2 of propodeum, and its petiolar node is approximately as high as long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The species name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rakotonirina &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus karsti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karsti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Camponotus karsti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a non-Latin singular noun used in apposition.
</paragraph>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.837.32057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3b0408de-0dbe-4b70-81ae-82213844bbad" ID-PMC="PMC6477869" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-837-1" ID-PubMed="31048963" ID-ZBK="4A18822935804DB7B1229F131F6A0AC8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-837-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 837" ModsDocTitle="A monograph on the genus Tetraserica from the Indochinese region (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini)" checkinTime="1555318524876" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fabrizi, Silvia, Dalstein, Vivian &amp; Ahrens, Dirk" docDate="2019" docId="FD0785F187B9E514D1275D27E2AA4B93" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 837: 1-155" docOrigin="ZooKeys 837" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.837.32057" docTitle="Tetraserica phoupaneensis Fabrizi, Dalstein &amp; Ahrens, 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="53992DA5-8CA1-4B27-BF5F-329FD5065D14" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="677ECC24FFFF2100C748FFF7FFF0E909" masterDocTitle="A monograph on the genus Tetraserica from the Indochinese region (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini)" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668167136029" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A monograph on the genus Tetraserica from the Indochinese region (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Fabrizi, Silvia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Ahrens, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/53992DA5-8CA1-4B27-BF5F-329FD5065D14" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Tetraserica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetraserica phoupaneensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoupaneensis">Tetraserica phoupaneensis</taxonomicName>
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Figures 36, 51
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material examined.
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Holotype: ♂ &quot;LAOS-NE, Houa Phan prov., 20°11-13'N, 103°59'-104°01'E, Ban Saluei -&gt; Phou Pane Mt., 9.-17.vi.2009, 1300-1900 m, Michael Geiser leg./ NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague, Laos 2009, Expedition: M Brancucci, M Geiser, Z Kraus, D Hauck, V
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kubáň">Kuban</normalizedToken>
/ 912
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Asia spec.&quot; (NHMB).
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<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Length of body: 8.3 mm; length of elytra: 5.9 mm; maximum width: 4.5 mm. Surface of labroclypeus and disc of frons glabrous. Smooth area anterior to eye twice as wide as long. Eyes small, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.54. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.6. Posterior margin of metafemur with blunt tooth. Metatibia moderately long and wide, ratio width/length: 1/3.5; basal group of dorsal spines of metatibia at first third of metatibial length.</paragraph>
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Aedeagus: Fig. 36
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. Habitus: Fig. 36D.
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Figure 36.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Tetraserica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetraserica phoupaneensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoupaneensis">Tetraserica phoupaneensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype)
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. vietnamensis" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">T. vietnamensis</taxonomicName>
(Frey, 1972) (holotype)
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nonglomensis" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="nonglomensis">T. nonglomensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (holotype) A, E, I aedeagus, left side lateral view C, G, K aedeagus, right side lateral view B, F, J parameres, dorsal view D, H, L habitus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Habitus not to scale.
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<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Female unknown.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Tetraserica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetraserica phoupaneensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoupaneensis">Tetraserica phoupaneensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. vietnamensis" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">T. vietnamensis</taxonomicName>
(Frey, 1972); the new species differs by the left paramere being as long as phallobase and by the right paramere having a longer basal lobe which is directed distally. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. vietnamensis" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="vietnamensis">T. vietnamensis</taxonomicName>
the left paramere is only half as long as phallobase, and the right paramere has no basal lobe.
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">The new species is named after the type locality, Mt Phou Pane (adjective in the nominative singular).</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF00FF815B5A34F8FE1CA398" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF00FF8D5B5A34F8FD58A3AD" blockId="4.[264,1323,393,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF00FF8D5B5A34F8FD55A3AD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765836" collectingDate="1981-05-04" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. Harman" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="1950" location="Wau, Kaiserik Road" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="B. M. 1982-387" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Morobe Province">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF00FF8D5B5A34F8FEC3A3C5" bold="true" box="[264,304,393,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">HT</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF00FF8D5B6D34F8FEA0A3FB" box="[319,339,393,413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="male"></specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="0DB6D0BBBF00FF8D5B3134F8FDB9A3C5" box="[355,586,393,419]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="B7655EC9BF00FF8D580434F8FCD6A3C5" box="[598,805,393,419]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Morobe Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="707EC6F0BF00FF8D596034F8FBD1A3C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD08213DBF00FF815B5A346DFE1CA398:707EC6F0BF00FF8D596034F8FBD1A3C5" box="[818,1058,393,419]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Wau, Kaiserik Road" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Morobe Province">Wau, Kaiserik Road</location>
,
<quantity id="B2593DCEBF00FF8D5E7F34F8FB79A3C5" box="[1069,1162,393,419]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1950.0">
<elevation id="FE8C7718BF00FF8D5E7F34F8FB79A3C5" box="[1069,1162,393,419]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1950.0">1950 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="011FB6EBBF00FF8D5EC434F8FAF1A3C5" box="[1174,1282,393,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="1981-05-04">
<collectingDate id="115B4F03BF00FF8D5EC434F8FAF1A3C5" box="[1174,1282,393,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="1981-05-04">4.V.1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="D854F5FDBF00FF8D5F5C34F8FE9AA3AD" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">A. Harman</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="25073850BF00FF8D5B2734C0FDC3A3AD" box="[373,560,433,459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">B. M. 1982-387</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF00FF8D581234C0FD6CA3AD" box="[576,671,433,459]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF00FF8D5B6A34A8FE6DA07D" blockId="4.[264,1323,393,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF00FF8D5B6A34A8FE69A07D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765825" collectingDate="2000-10" collectionCode="FH" country="Papua Neuguinea" location="Jerri Mumeng" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="No. 0379-1" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Morobe Prov" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF00FF8D5B6A34A8FEA9A395" bold="true" box="[312,346,473,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">PT</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF00FF8D5B3834A8FE8DA38B" box="[362,382,473,493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="female"></specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="0DB6D0BBBF00FF8D5BDC34A8FD91A395" box="[398,610,473,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Papua Neuguinea</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="B7655EC9BF00FF8D583F34A8FCFDA395" box="[621,782,473,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Morobe Prov</collectingRegion>
.,
<location id="707EC6F0BF00FF8D594D34A8FC3AA395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD08213DBF00FF815B5A346DFE1CA398:707EC6F0BF00FF8D594D34A8FC3AA395" box="[799,969,473,499]" country="Papua Neuguinea" name="Jerri Mumeng" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Morobe Prov">Jerri Mumeng</location>
, via IFTA,
<date id="011FB6EBBF00FF8D5E0234A8FB43A395" box="[1104,1200,473,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="2000-10">
<collectingDate id="115B4F03BF00FF8D5E0234A8FB43A395" box="[1104,1200,473,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="2000-10">X. 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
(coll.
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF00FF8D5EAC34A8FAD5A395" box="[1278,1318,473,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FH</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCode id="25073850BF00FF8D5B5A3770FE62A07D" box="[264,401,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">No. 0379-1</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF00FF8D5B5A373DFE61A003" blockId="4.[264,1323,588,1894]" box="[264,402,588,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF00FF8D5B5A373DFE61A003" box="[264,402,588,613]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF00FF8D5B6A3702FB92A6F0" blockId="4.[264,1323,588,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF00FF8D5B003702FE46A0EB" bold="true" box="[338,437,627,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
(
<figureCitation id="ED9A8CAEBF00FF8D5B083702FE50A0EB" box="[346,419,627,653]" captionStart="FIGURE. 5" captionStartId="6.[264,372,1693,1717]" captionText="FIGURE. 5. Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp.: ɗ (BMNH, 68.1 mm) FIGURE 6. Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp.: Ƀ (coll. FH, 84.4 mm) FIGURE 7. Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier, 1855): Ƀ (BMNH) reproduced from Westwood, 1859, plate 1: 2 (atypical colouration)." pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Medium-sized (body length
<quantity id="B2593DCEBF00FF8D59543705FC81A0E8" box="[774,882,628,654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="68.1">68.1 mm</quantity>
), very colourful
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF00FF8D5E613705FB2FA0E8" box="[1075,1244,628,654]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurycanthinae">Eurycanthinae</taxonomicName>
with a moderately broadened body (maximum body width measured at metathorax
<quantity id="B2593DCEBF00FF8D5EFF37EDFAEDA0D0" box="[1197,1310,668,694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
); abdomen narrower than thorax. Body surface entirely smooth and strongly shining. General colouration reddish mid brown, fore and hind legs as well as metatibiae and all tarsi sepia. Pro- and mesonotum with a blackish tinge. Anterior margins of all body segments with a transverse yellow stripe. Metanotum, median segment and tergites IIIX with a bold transverse black marking in anterior half, which is divided medially on VIX. Tergites II IX posteriorly with an even broader bright red transverse marking. Mesopleurae becoming reddish towards the posterior, metapleurae plain red. Prosternum dark red with two black markings at posterior margin. Meso- and metasternum blackish in anterior 2/3 and becoming dark red towards posterior margin. Abdominal sternites IIVII red with two bold black markings at anterior margin. Poculum dark brown. Posterior surface of coxae black, membranous coxal areas pale yellow. Bases of tibiae slightly greenish. Enlarged spines of hind legs black. Antennae, except scapus and pedicellus, pale greenish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF00FF8D5B6A31D5FEB4A798" blockId="4.[264,1323,588,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Head: Slightly longer than wide and distinctly widened towards the posterior. Vertex flat and with a very faint, slightly impressed longitudinal median line. Between the eyes with an impressed V-shaped marking and a further, distinctly smaller C-shaped impression between the bases of the antennae. Eyes large and slightly convex. Antennae thickened, reaching at least half way along mesonotum and consisting of at least 18 segments (broken in the unique HT). Scapus slightly compressed dorsoventrally, oval in cross-section, parallel-sided and about 1.5x longer than wide. Pedicellus half the length of scapus, cylindrical. Antennomeres 314 slightly increasing, following decresing in length. All thickened apically.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF00FF8C5B6A337DFC54A35F" blockId="4.[264,1323,588,1894]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,1193]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
Thorax: Pronotum slightly longer and wider than head and trapezoidal, being gradually widened towards the posterior. Dorsally with a distinctly impressed, longitudinal median line. Transverse median depression slightly displaced towards anterior of segments, curved and almost reaching lateral margins of segment. Mesothorax slightly longer than head and pronotum combined,
<date id="011FB6EBBF00FF8D58EA33DDFD26A4A0" box="[696,725,1708,1734]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">2x</date>
longer than wide and parallel-sided. Mesonotum with an impressed longitudinal median line and minutely punctured laterally. Metanotum less than 1/3 the length of mesonotum but slightly broader and transverse. Lateral margins gently rounded, posterior margin concave. Meso- and metapleurae minutely rugulose. Sterna smooth with lateral margins minutely punctured. Metasternum distinctly separated from 1st abdominal sternite by a deeply impressed sulcus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF01FF8C5B6A3436FDD9A0AF" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Abdomen: Median segment shorter than metanotum, slightly transverse and anterior margin prominently rounded. Segments IIVI of equal width, parallel-sided and distinctly wider than long. IIV slightly increasing in length, VIIX shorter than V. Tergite VIII with lateral margins gently rounded and slightly broader than previous. IX slightly constricted towards posterior margin and strongly convex. Anal segment slightly longer than IX and tectiform with a distinct median keel, posterior margin elevated into a blunt spine at lateral angles (Fig. 18). Posterior margin of sternites IIVII raised. Supraanal plate small and roughly triangular. Vomer well developed and sclerotized with a single point. Cerci small and cylindrical, finely bristled. Poculum scoop-like, truncate apically and reaching half way along anal segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF01FF8C5B6A37A6FE0EA6CF" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Legs: Antero- and posteroventral carinae of pro- and mesofemora with a minute subapical spine, otherwise unarmed. Pro- and mesotibiae with a few minute spines along medioventral carina, otherwise unarmed. Metafemora strongly thickened and prominently larger than pro- and mesofemora. Antero- and posteroventral carinae with a strong and prominent sub-apical spine. Medioventral carina raised and in basal half armed with a longitudinal row of small spines which slightly increase in size towards mid of femur. Submedially a very large and prominent back-curving spine. Other carinae irregularly tuberculate. Metatibiae about 2/3 the length of metafemora, slightly down-curving basally and in apical half with three prominent, blunt spines on medioventral carina (Fig. 10). Remaining carinae armed with several blunt spines of variable size, which increase towards apex of tibia. Tarsi about 2/3 the length of corresponding tibiae, basitarsus indistinctly longer than following tarsomere.</paragraph>
<caption id="21DEC0A3BF01FF8C5B5A31AFFC14A690" ID-Table-UUID="21DEC0A3BF01FF8C5B5A31AFFC14A690" box="[264,999,1246,1270]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/21DEC0A3BF01FF8C5B5A31AFFC14A690" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[280,1244,1305,1809]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF01FF8C5B5A31AFFC14A690" blockId="5.[264,999,1246,1270]" box="[264,999,1246,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF01FF8C5B5A31AFFE8EA690" bold="true" box="[264,381,1246,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">TABLE 1:</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF01FF8C58F231AEFC56A690" box="[672,933,1247,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF01FF8C58F231AEFC56A690" box="[672,933,1247,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF01FF8C59F931AFFC14A690" box="[939,999,1246,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF01FF8C5919306AFB59A577" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<table id="07A1628BBF0100765B4A3068FB2FA577" box="[280,1244,1305,1809]" gridcols="3" gridrows="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A3068FB2FA756" box="[280,1244,1305,1328]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="8840FB15BF01007659193068FC16A756" box="[843,997,1305,1328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">HT, ♂ (BMNH)</th>
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765E223068FB2FA756" box="[1136,1244,1305,1328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">PT, Ψ (FH)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A3034FB2FA73C" box="[280,1244,1349,1370]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A3034FE4CA73C" box="[280,447,1349,1370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Body:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF01007659193034FC16A73C" box="[843,997,1349,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">68.1</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E223034FB2FA73C" box="[1136,1244,1349,1370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">84.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A301CFB2FA7E4" box="[280,1244,1389,1410]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A301CFE4CA7E4" box="[280,447,1389,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Pronotum:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765919301CFC16A7E4" box="[843,997,1389,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">7.1</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E22301CFB2FA7E4" box="[1136,1244,1389,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A30E4FB2FA7CC" box="[280,1244,1429,1450]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A30E4FE4CA7CC" box="[280,447,1429,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mesonotum</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF010076591930E4FC16A7CC" box="[843,997,1429,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">16.5</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E2230E4FB2FA7CC" box="[1136,1244,1429,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">20.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A30CCFB2FA7B4" box="[280,1244,1469,1490]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A30CCFE4CA7B4" box="[280,447,1469,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Metanotum:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF010076591930CCFC16A7B4" box="[843,997,1469,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">4.2</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E2230CCFB2FA7B4" box="[1136,1244,1469,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A3094FB2FA79C" box="[280,1244,1509,1530]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A3094FE4CA79C" box="[280,447,1509,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Median segment:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF01007659193094FC16A79C" box="[843,997,1509,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">5.1</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E223094FB2FA79C" box="[1136,1244,1509,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A337CFB2FA444" box="[280,1244,1549,1570]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A337CFE4CA444" box="[280,447,1549,1570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Profemora:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765919337CFC16A444" box="[843,997,1549,1570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">11.2</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E22337CFB2FA444" box="[1136,1244,1549,1570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">12.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A3344FB2FA42C" box="[280,1244,1589,1610]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A3344FE4CA42C" box="[280,447,1589,1610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mesofemora:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF01007659193344FC16A42C" box="[843,997,1589,1610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">11.0</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E223344FB2FA42C" box="[1136,1244,1589,1610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">11.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A332CFB2FA414" box="[280,1244,1629,1650]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A332CFE4CA414" box="[280,447,1629,1650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Metafemora:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765919332CFC16A414" box="[843,997,1629,1650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">18.1</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E22332CFB2FA414" box="[1136,1244,1629,1650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">16.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A33F5FB2FA4FF" box="[280,1244,1668,1689]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A33F5FE4CA4FF" box="[280,447,1668,1689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Protibiae:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF010076591933F5FC16A4FF" box="[843,997,1668,1689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">10.9</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E2233F5FB2FA4FF" box="[1136,1244,1668,1689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">12.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A33DDFB2FA4A7" box="[280,1244,1708,1729]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A33DDFE4CA4A7" box="[280,447,1708,1729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Mesotibiae:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF010076591933DDFC16A4A7" box="[843,997,1708,1729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">9.7</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E2233DDFB2FA4A7" box="[1136,1244,1708,1729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A33A5FB2FA48F" box="[280,1244,1748,1769]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A33A5FE4CA48F" box="[280,447,1748,1769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Metatibiae:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF010076591933A5FC16A48F" box="[843,997,1748,1769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">13.1</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E2233A5FB2FA48F" box="[1136,1244,1748,1769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">14.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0100765B4A338DFB2FA577" box="[280,1244,1788,1809]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<th id="8840FB15BF0100765B4A338DFE4CA577" box="[280,447,1788,1809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Antennae:</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765919338DFC16A577" box="[843,997,1788,1809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">&gt; 23.0</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0100765E22338DFB2FA577" box="[1136,1244,1788,1809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="21DEC0A3BF02FF8F5B5A33ECFD51A544" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF02FF8F5B5A33ECFD51A544" blockId="6.[264,1323,1691,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5B5A33ECFE79A4D3" bold="true" box="[264,394,1693,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE.5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF02FF8F5BCA33ECFD6FA4D2" box="[408,668,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5BCA33ECFD6FA4D2" box="[408,668,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F58F033ECFCC5A4D3" bold="true" box="[674,822,1693,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF02FF8F58F033ECFD1CA4D3" box="[674,751,1693,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.
</emphasis>
: ɗ (BMNH, 68.1 mm)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5B5A33B3FE78A4BC" bold="true" box="[264,395,1730,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF02FF8F5BCA33B3FD6FA4BF" box="[408,668,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5BCA33B3FD6FA4BF" box="[408,668,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F58F033B3FCC5A4BC" bold="true" box="[674,822,1730,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF02FF8F58F033B3FD1CA4BC" box="[674,751,1730,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.
</emphasis>
: Ƀ (coll. FH, 84.4 mm)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5B5A3396FE78A499" bold="true" box="[264,395,1767,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF02FF8F5BC83399FC99A499" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" box="[410,874,1768,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5BC83399FD76A499" box="[410,645,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Dryococelus australis</emphasis>
(Montrouzier, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
: Ƀ (BMNH) reproduced from Westwood, 1859, plate 1: 2 (atypical colouration).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21DEC0A3BF02FF8F5B5A325EFE46A509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174974/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[271,1301,342,1661]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF02FF8F5B5A325EFE46A509" blockId="6.[264,1323,1691,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5B5A325EFE79A521" bold="true" box="[264,394,1839,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF02FF8F5BC83241FC99A521" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" box="[410,874,1840,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF02FF8F5BC83241FD76A521" box="[410,645,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Dryococelus australis</emphasis>
(Montrouzier, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
: ɗ (BMNH) reproduced from Westwood, 1859, plate 1: 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF03FF8E5B6A346AFD73A158" blockId="7.[264,1323,283,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF03FF8E5B04346AFE4FA353" bold="true" box="[342,444,283,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">(Fig. 6):</emphasis>
Medium-sized
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF03FF8E5829346DFCD7A350" box="[635,804,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurycanthinae">Eurycanthinae</taxonomicName>
(body length
<quantity id="B2593DCEBF03FF8E5983346DFBCCA350" box="[977,1087,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.44" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="84.4">84.4 mm</quantity>
) with a moderately broadened body (maximum body width at metathorax
<quantity id="B2593DCEBF03FF8E59DE3435FC0AA338" box="[908,1017,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
), abdomen equal in width to mesothorax. Body surface entirely smooth and strongly shining. General colouration sepia dorsally, the head, abdominal tergites, all tibiae and tarsi slightly olive. Pro-, meso- and metasternum orange brown, abdominal stera dark reddish brown. Anterior margins of most body segments slightly yellowish. Pronotum with two faint, roughly triangular blackish markings in posterior half, prosternum with two black sports at posterior margin. Mesonotum with a small, transverse black lateral marking about half way on and close to lateral margins. Anterolateral margins of metanotum with a black, transverse spot, metasternum with a small, black spot close to lateral margins. Metapleurae dark red. Anterior margin of median segment and tergites IIVII with four roughly C-shaped, black markings. Sternites IIVI with a very indistinct blackish, transverse marking close to anterior margin. Subgenital plate bright red. Posterior surface of coxae black. Enlarged spines of hind legs brown with black tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF03FF8E5B6A363DFCA4A100" blockId="7.[264,1323,283,1710]" box="[312,855,843,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Head: Generally as in ♂, but eyes less convex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF03FF8E5B6A3605FDB7A1D0" blockId="7.[264,1323,283,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Thorax: Pro- and mesothorax as in ♂. Metanotum generally as in ♂, but posterior margin less distinctly concave.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF03FF8E5B6A36B5FB40A708" blockId="7.[264,1323,283,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
Abdomen: Median segment shorter than metanotum, more than
<date id="011FB6EBBF03FF8E5E6C36B5FBAFA1B8" box="[1086,1116,964,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">2x</date>
wider than long, anterior margin gently rounded. Segments IIVI of uniform width, IIV increasing in length, II 3.5x, V
<date id="011FB6EBBF03FF8E5B8E3165FE0AA648" box="[476,505,1044,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">2x</date>
wider than long. VI as long as IV. VII slightly broader than previous with lateral margins gently rounded. Sternites IIVII with a distinct longitudinal median keel and slightly tectiform. Tergites VIIIX gradually tapered. VIII
<date id="011FB6EBBF03FF8E5E733115FBCDA618" box="[1057,1086,1124,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">3x</date>
wider than long, IX with posterior margin considerably narrower than anterior margin and strongly convex. Anal segment almost as long as VIII and IX combined and tapered towards the apex which is slightly elongated and notched medially (
<figureCitation id="ED9A8CAEBF03FF8E594031ADFC99A690" box="[786,874,1244,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1747,1771]" captionText="FIGURE 15. Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp.: Ψ apex of abdomen (dorsal view) FIGURE 16. Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp.: Ψ apex of abdomen (lateral view) FIGURE 17. Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp.: Ψ apex of abdomen (ventral view) FIGURE 18. Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp.: ♂ apex of abdomen (dorsal view)" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Supraanal plate very small, roughly triangular and hidden underneath apical elongation of anal segment (Fig. 17). Cerci very small and cylindrical, finely bristled. Subgenital plate short, scoop-like with posterior margin truncate and slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergite IX (Fig. 16).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF03FF8E5B6A300DFDF9A4C8" blockId="7.[264,1323,283,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Legs: Generally as in ♂, but relatively shorter and spination of hind legs less prominent. Metafemora slightly broader than pro- and mesofemora. Medioventral carina faint and with a longitudinal row of 1012 variably sized tubercles. In apical half with a distinctly enlarged, pointed spine. Antero- and posteroventral carinae with a distinct sub-apical spine, about equal in size to the enlarged spine on median carina. Remaining carinae unarmed. Metatibiae slightly shorter than metafemora, all carinae tuberculate. Medioventral carinae with several, blunt teeth and a slightly enlarged spine some 2/3 the way along tibia. Tarsi as in male.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF03FF8E5B5A3395FAD9A528" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<table id="07A1628BBF0300765B5A3395FAD9A528" box="[264,1322,1764,1870]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<tr id="CB919269BF0300765B5A3395FAD9A49B" box="[264,1322,1764,1789]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="8840FB15BF0300765B5A3395FD46A49B" box="[264,693,1764,1789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF03FF8E5B5A3395FE70A49B" box="[264,387,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Comments</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0300765B5A327DFAD9A540" box="[264,1322,1804,1830]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<th id="8840FB15BF0300765B5A327DFD46A540" box="[264,693,1804,1830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Unfortunately, nothing is known</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF03007658EF327DFBEDA540" box="[701,1054,1804,1830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">about the biology, food-plants</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0300765E77327DFAD9A540" box="[1061,1322,1804,1830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">and natural habitats of</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0300765B5A3245FAD9A528" box="[264,1322,1844,1870]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<th id="8840FB15BF0300765B5A3245FD46A528" box="[264,693,1844,1870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">this striking new genus and species,</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF03007658EF3245FBEDA528" box="[701,1054,1844,1870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">except that the HT was found</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0300765E773245FAD9A528" box="[1061,1322,1844,1870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">on a mossy tree trunk</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0CFF815B5A346DFCD4A3B0" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
(personal communication with A.J.E. Harman). However, due to many habitual similarities to
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815B0B3435FDBEA338" authority="Gurney" authorityName="Gurney" box="[345,589,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B0B3435FE1EA33B" box="[345,493,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Dryococelus</emphasis>
Gurney
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF8158DA3435FC67A338" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[648,916,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8158DA3435FCE2A33B" box="[648,785,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
Boisduval
</taxonomicName>
, it is likely to inherit similar habitats and hence to hide in tree holes or cavities of fallen tree trunks during the daytime. As in these genera, the strongly enlarged and heavily armed hind legs of males are presumably used for active defence against predators.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0CFF815B6A3495FE1CA398" blockId="8.[264,1323,284,510]" box="[312,495,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eggs unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
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<mods:title id="6512D5E25E97AD7F49021FB6D84E67F2">Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp. a new Eurycanthinae from Papua New Guinea, with notes on the genus Dryococelus Gurney, 1947 and description of the egg (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae: Eurycanthinae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="751E902BBF05FF885B5A30EDFDFAA7D0" blockId="1.[264,521,1436,1462]" box="[264,521,1436,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="2E562747BF05FF885B5A30EDFDFAA7D0" bold="true" box="[264,521,1436,1462]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF05FF885B5A30EDFDFAA7D0" bold="true" box="[264,521,1436,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF05FF885B5A30EDFE43A7D0" box="[264,432,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF05FF885B5A30EDFE43A7D0" bold="true" box="[264,432,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Papuacocelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF05FF885BE530EDFDFAA7D0" box="[439,521,1436,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF05FF885B5A3097FBCFA467" blockId="1.[264,1084,1510,1537]" box="[264,1084,1510,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF05FF885B5A3097FE5CA466" bold="true" box="[264,431,1510,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Type-species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF05FF885BE43096FD27A466" box="[438,724,1511,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF05FF885BE43096FD27A466" box="[438,724,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF05FF88588E3097FCEDA466" box="[732,798,1510,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF05FF88588E3097FCEDA466" bold="true" box="[732,798,1510,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by present designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF05FF8B5B5A3346FC1EA654" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF05FF885B5A3346FE8CA436" blockId="1.[264,1323,1591,1897]" box="[264,383,1591,1616]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF05FF885B5A3346FE8CA436" box="[264,383,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF05FF8B5B6A332FFC17A669" blockId="1.[264,1323,1591,1897]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1322,912,1144]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
♂, ♀: Medium-sized, moderately broadened, apterous and conspicuously colourful
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF05FF885B5A33F6FE42A4C7" box="[264,433,1671,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurycanthinae">Eurycanthinae</taxonomicName>
with an entirely unarmed, smooth and strongly shiny body surface. Complete dorsal surface of body with a fine, slightly impressed longitudinal median line. Body slightly flattened dorsoventrally, ventral surface of abdomen of females with a longitudinal median keel. Body in ♀♀ of uniform width, in ♂♂ abdomen distinctly narrower than thorax. Head unarmed, smooth, slightly longer than wide and distinctly widened towards the posterior; vertex flat. Eyes prominent and just slightly convex. Antennae considerably
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5B5A3689FEEFA676" bold="true" box="[264,284,1016,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5B783689FE3BA669" box="[298,456,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurycanthinae">Eurycanthinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5B803688FCADA669" authority="Boisduval, 1835" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1835" box="[466,862,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5B803688FD55A676" box="[466,678,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Eurycantha horrida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF06FF8B58FF3689FCADA669" author="Boisduval" box="[685,862,1016,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Boisduval, J. A. (1835) Faune Entomologique de l'Ocean Pacifique, avec l'illustration des Insectes nouveaux, etc. Orthopteres. In: J. Tastu: Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe, Paris, pp. 647 - 650, plate 2." type="journal article" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view
</paragraph>
<caption id="21DEC0A3BF06FF8B5B5A36E1FDDEA18B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174973/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[275,1310,349,882]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF06FF8B5B5A36E1FDDEA18B" blockId="2.[264,1322,912,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5B5A36E1FE48A1CE" bold="true" box="[264,443,912,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 14:</emphasis>
Anal segments of females of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B594A36E1FC41A1C1" box="[792,946,912,935]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurycanthinae">Eurycanthinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B59BD36E1FB5BA1C1" box="[1007,1192,912,935]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heteropterygidae</taxonomicName>
(subgenital plate removed) [scale = 2 mm]. AS = anal segment (tergite X), SP = supraanal plate, CE = cercus, UG = upper gonapophyses.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF06FF8B5B5A316AFC1EA654" blockId="2.[264,1322,912,1144]" box="[264,1005,1051,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5B5A316AFEE8A655" bold="true" box="[264,283,1051,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5B78316AFE3BA654" box="[298,456,1051,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurycanthinae">Eurycanthinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5B80316AFCAEA654" authority="Boisduval, 1835" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1835" box="[466,861,1051,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5B80316AFD55A654" box="[466,678,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Eurycantha horrida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF06FF8B58FF316AFCAEA654" author="Boisduval" box="[685,861,1051,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Boisduval, J. A. (1835) Faune Entomologique de l'Ocean Pacifique, avec l'illustration des Insectes nouveaux, etc. Orthopteres. In: J. Tastu: Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe, Paris, pp. 647 - 650, plate 2." type="journal article" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF06FF8A5B5A314CFCAFA7DA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF06FF8B5B5A314CFBDEA611" blockId="2.[264,1322,912,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5B5A314CFEE8A633" bold="true" box="[264,283,1085,1109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5B78314FFE14A633" box="[298,487,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heteropterygidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5BA3314FFC6DA633" authority="Parkinson, 1789" authorityName="Parkinson" authorityYear="1789" box="[497,926,1086,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Heteropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5BA3314FFD25A633" box="[497,726,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Heteropteryx dilatata</emphasis>
(Parkinson, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5B5A3111FEE8A61E" bold="true" box="[264,283,1120,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5B783111FE14A611" box="[298,487,1120,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heteropterygidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF06FF8B5BA33110FC6DA611" authority="Parkinson, 1789" authorityName="Parkinson" authorityYear="1789" box="[497,926,1120,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Heteropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF06FF8B5BA33110FD25A61E" box="[497,726,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Heteropteryx dilatata</emphasis>
(Parkinson, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF06FF8A5B5A31B8FD5BA037" blockId="2.[264,1323,1225,1891]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,593]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
thickened and obviously segmented, reaching at least half way along mesonotum (broken in all known specimens). Scapus slightly compressed dorsoventrally, oval in cross-section, parallel-sided and about 1.5x longer than wide. Pedicellus half the length of scapus, cylindrical. Pronotum longer than head, trapezoidal, posterior broader than anterior. Mesonotum parallel-sided,
<date id="011FB6EBBF06FF8B5BBF3018FDF8A7E5" box="[493,523,1385,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">2x</date>
longer than wide and slightly longer than combined length of head and pronotum. Metanotum transverse and broader than mesonotum. Pleurae and sterna smooth. Median segment transverse, anterior margin distinctly rounded. Abdominal segments IIVII parallel-sided, all transverse. Tergite VIII of ♂♂ and VII of ♀♀ with lateral margins gently rounded and slightly broader than previous segments. Tergites VIII to X tapered. Anal segment of ♂♂ tectiform, of ♀♀ with a median carina and with apex slightly elongated and notched medially. Supraanal plate small, roughly triangular, in ♀♀ hidden underneath elongation of anal segment. Cerci very small and cylindrical. Subgenital plate of both sexes short, scoop-like with posterior margin truncate and slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergite IX. Legs short, stout and indistinctly carinate. Femora rectangular, tibiae slightly trapezoidal in cross-section. Profemora shorter than head and pronotum combined, mesofemora about half the length of mesonotum, metatibiae considerably shorter than metafemora. Profemora very gently curved basally. Pro- and mesofemora unarmed except for a minute sub-apical spine on antero- and posteroventral carinae. Medioventral carina very indistinct. Pro- and mesotibiae unarmed, except for some minute spines along medioventral carina. Metafemora of ♂♂ strongly thickened and heavily armed ventrally. Medioventral carina distinct in ♂♂ but faint in ♀♀ and armed with a prominent spine about 2/3 the way along femur. Antero- and posteroventral carinae each with a prominent sub-apical spine (less distinct in ♀♀). Metatibiae with several blunt spines along medioventral carinae and tuberculate dorsally. Tarsi short, basitarsi not considerably longer than 2nd tarsomere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B5A37F3FE46A0FD" blockId="3.[264,1323,642,1468]" box="[264,437,642,667]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5B5A37F3FE46A0FD" box="[264,437,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Differentiation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A37DBFE23A102" blockId="3.[264,1323,642,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
The dorsoventrally flattened body, smooth head and unarmed, strongly shining body surface shows relation to
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A586837A3FC84A08A" authority="Gurney, 1947" authorityName="Gurney" authorityYear="1947" box="[570,887,722,748]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A586837A3FD3DA08D" box="[570,718,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Dryococelus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF07FF8A588437A3FC84A08A" author="Gurney" box="[726,887,722,748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Gurney, A. B. (1947) Notes on some remarkable Australian walking sticks, including a synopsis of the genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 40, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="1947">Gurney, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the secondarily reduced, scooplike subgenital plate of ♀♀ show close relation to
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5935378BFB1CA172" authority="Gunther, 1929" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1929" box="[871,1263,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Thaumatobactron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5935378BFBCBA175" box="[871,1080,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Thaumatobactron</emphasis>
Günther, 1929
</taxonomicName>
. The slightly elongated anal segment of ♀♀ on the other side indicates relation to
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5EF03653FE38A102" authority="Boisduval, 1835" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5EF03653FAD8A15D" box="[1186,1323,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Eurycantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF07FF8A5B5A363BFE38A102" author="Boisduval" box="[264,459,842,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" refString="Boisduval, J. A. (1835) Faune Entomologique de l'Ocean Pacifique, avec l'illustration des Insectes nouveaux, etc. Orthopteres. In: J. Tastu: Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe, Paris, pp. 647 - 650, plate 2." type="journal article" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A3603FCEAA64A" blockId="3.[264,1323,642,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
From
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5BD33603FDE6A1ED" box="[385,533,882,907]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5BD33603FDE6A1ED" box="[385,533,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Dryococelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the new genus differs by: the relatively longer mesonotum (only 1.5x longer than wide in
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A586936EBFD3CA1D5" box="[571,719,922,947]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A586936EBFD3CA1D5" box="[571,719,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Dryococelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and entirely smooth and unarmed thorax of both sexes; apically elevated and elongated anal segment and short, scoop-like subgenital plate of ♀♀, and prominent sub-median spine on the medioventral carina of the metafemora of ♂♂ (on anteroventral carina in
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A58263163FCFBA64D" box="[628,776,1042,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A58263163FCFBA64D" box="[628,776,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Dryococelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A314BFAE6A77A" blockId="3.[264,1323,642,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
From
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5BD1314BFD33A632" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[387,704,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Thaumatobactron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5BD1314BFDA7A635" box="[387,596,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Thaumatobactron</emphasis>
Günther
</taxonomicName>
it differs by: the relatively shorter, dorsoventrally compressed mesothorax (cylindrical and at least 2.3x longer than wide in
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5ED23113FEC4A6C5" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Thaumatobactron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5ED23113FEC4A6C5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Thaumatobactron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); entirely smooth and unarmed body surface; more elongate head; short tarsi and metatibiae being considerably shorter than the metafemora. ♀♀ furthermore differ by the apically elevated and elongated anal segment and posteriorly truncate subgenital plate, and ♂♂ by the parallel-sided mesonotum (constricted towards anterior in
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5E663073FAF6A77D" box="[1076,1285,1282,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Thaumatobactron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5E663073FAF6A77D" box="[1076,1285,1282,1307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Thaumatobactron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A305BFE93A7F2" blockId="3.[264,1323,642,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
From
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5B2D305BFD7BA722" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[383,648,1322,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5B2D305BFDFBA725" box="[383,520,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Eurycantha</emphasis>
Boisduval
</taxonomicName>
it is easily distinguished by lacking any lateral spination of the dorsal body segments, unarmed fore and mid legs, and ♀♀ lacking a beak-like ovipositor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A30D3FCAFA7DA" blockId="3.[264,1323,642,1468]" box="[312,860,1442,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
For a more detailed differentiation see
<tableCitation id="3823A590BF07FF8A58AD30D3FCAAA7DA" box="[767,857,1442,1468]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[269,1316,454,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 2: Differentiation of Dryococelus Gurney, Papuacocelus n. gen., Thaumatobactron Günther and Eurycantha Boisduval." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/21DEC0A3BF0BFF865B5A346AFD79A333" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" tableUuid="21DEC0A3BF0BFF865B5A346AFD79A333">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF07FF8A5B5A309DFBA5A418" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B5A309DFE76A463" blockId="3.[264,1322,1516,1662]" box="[264,389,1516,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5B5A309DFE76A463" box="[264,389,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A3365FBA5A418" blockId="3.[264,1322,1516,1662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
The generic name is combined from “Papua” referring to the geographical distribution of the new genus, and “cocelus” to emphasize the close relation to
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5E62334DFEB5A418" authority="Gurney, 1947" authorityName="Gurney" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5E62334DFB37A433" box="[1072,1220,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Dryococelus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF07FF8A5E9F334DFEB5A418" author="Gurney" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Gurney, A. B. (1947) Notes on some remarkable Australian walking sticks, including a synopsis of the genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 40, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="1947">Gurney, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. It means as much as “hidden in Papua” or ”inhabitant of Papua”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF07FF8A5B5A33C5FD37A508" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B5A33C5FE64A4AB" blockId="3.[264,1237,1716,1782]" box="[264,407,1716,1741]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5B5A33C5FE64A4AB" box="[264,407,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A33ADFB26A490" blockId="3.[264,1237,1716,1782]" box="[312,1237,1756,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
Central Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province (Jerri Mumeng &amp; Wau
<quantity id="B2593DCEBF07FF8A5E3933ADFB3BA490" box="[1131,1224,1756,1782]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1950.0">1950 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B5A325DFE3FA523" blockId="3.[264,708,1836,1902]" box="[264,460,1836,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5B5A325DFE3FA523" box="[264,460,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Species included</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF07FF8A5B6A3225FD37A508" blockId="3.[264,708,1836,1902]" box="[312,708,1876,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
1.
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF07FF8A5B0E3225FD89A50B" box="[348,634,1876,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A5B0E3225FD89A50B" box="[348,634,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF07FF8A58D33225FD37A508" box="[641,708,1876,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF07FF8A58D33225FD37A508" bold="true" box="[641,708,1876,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
<document id="6755128C65552D4D8FFE66916302CF90" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174972" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2d14ad6-25f1-4783-8fba-240db7722b18" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174972" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459794031078" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hennemann, Frank H. &amp; Conle, Oskar V." docDate="2006" docId="FD08213DBF0CFF805B5A372DFD1CA3E0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01375p049.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1375" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Dryococelus Gurney 1947" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="01315945BF04FF895A523571FFF3A266" masterDocTitle="Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp. a new Eurycanthinae from Papua New Guinea, with notes on the genus Dryococelus Gurney, 1947 and description of the egg (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae: Eurycanthinae)" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698219450577" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9AE99D1E7CE5181680F5B85A99448A52">Papuacocelus papuanus n. gen., n. sp. a new Eurycanthinae from Papua New Guinea, with notes on the genus Dryococelus Gurney, 1947 and description of the egg (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae: Eurycanthinae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A372DFE6DA010" bold="true" box="[264,414,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Dryococelus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A37D7FE5CA0A6" bold="true" box="[264,431,678,704]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Type-species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815BE437D6FC47A0A7" authority="Montrouzier, 1855: 86" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1855" box="[438,948,679,705]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815BE437D6FD57A0A6" box="[438,676,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Karabidion australe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF8158F937D6FC79A0A7" author="Montrouzier" box="[683,906,679,705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier, 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 86
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, by original designation of
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: 386.
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A366EFE7CA150" box="[264,399,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Dryococelus</emphasis>
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: 384
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<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815B6A364FFE22A133" author="Vickery" box="[312,465,830,853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australian Division for Entomology, Technical Paper, 20, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
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: 21.
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: 131.
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A36EEFE70A1D0" box="[264,387,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Carabidion</emphasis>
,
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: 339
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. [emendation of
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A36CEFE77A1B0" box="[264,388,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
,
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: 62
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ff. (in part)
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A36AEFE70A190" box="[264,387,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Karabidion</emphasis>
,
<treatmentCitation id="F400B63ABF0CFF815BC236AFFDDBA193" author="Stal" box="[400,552,990,1013]" page="90" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" year="1875">
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: 90
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. [invalid designation of
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF81596336AEFC54A190" box="[817,935,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">K. australe</emphasis>
Montrouzier
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as the type-species] [
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B43368FFEC5A670" bold="true" box="[273,310,1022,1046]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">not</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815B11368EFD3BA673" authority="Montrouzier, 1855: 81" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1855" box="[323,712,1022,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B11368EFE4DA670" box="[323,446,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Karabidion</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F400B63ABF0CFF815B98368FFD3BA673" author="Montrouzier" box="[458,712,1022,1045]" page="81" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" year="1855">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815B98368FFD69A673" author="Montrouzier" box="[458,666,1022,1045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier, 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 81
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. (Type-species:
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8159D2368EFBA9A670" box="[896,1114,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha horrida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815E34368FFAECA673" author="Boisduval" box="[1126,1311,1022,1045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" refString="Boisduval, J. A. (1835) Faune Entomologique de l'Ocean Pacifique, avec l'illustration des Insectes nouveaux, etc. Orthopteres. In: J. Tastu: Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe, Paris, pp. 647 - 650, plate 2." type="journal article" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Unnecessary replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF8158D73153FC44A65E" authority="Boisduval, 1835" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1835" box="[645,951,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8158D73153FCF2A65F" box="[645,769,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF81595A3150FC44A65E" author="Boisduval" box="[776,951,1057,1080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" refString="Boisduval, J. A. (1835) Faune Entomologique de l'Ocean Pacifique, avec l'illustration des Insectes nouveaux, etc. Orthopteres. In: J. Tastu: Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe, Paris, pp. 647 - 650, plate 2." type="journal article" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8159833150FB57A65F" bold="true" box="[977,1188,1057,1081]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">objective synonym</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815E953153FE53A63D" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815E953153FED9A63D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
Boisduval
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<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A31FEFE70A6CE" box="[264,387,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0CFF815B6A31C6FE92A4D7" blockId="8.[264,1323,1167,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815B6A31C6FDD1A6B7" author="Gurney" box="[312,546,1207,1233]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Gurney, A. B. (1947) Notes on some remarkable Australian walking sticks, including a synopsis of the genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 40, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="1947">Gurney (1947: 384)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF8158E731C6FCBAA6B6" box="[693,841,1207,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8158E731C6FCBAA6B6" box="[693,841,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Dryococelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include only one species,
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815EF131C6FDBAA69F" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815EF131C6FE9BA69E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Karabidion australe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815B3D31AEFDBAA69F" author="Montrouzier" box="[367,585,1247,1273]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier, 1855</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Lord Howe Island, which was formerly treated a member of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815B793076FD70A747" authority="Boisduval, 1835" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1835" box="[299,643,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B793076FE47A746" box="[299,436,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815BEF3076FD70A747" author="Boisduval" box="[445,643,1287,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" refString="Boisduval, J. A. (1835) Faune Entomologique de l'Ocean Pacifique, avec l'illustration des Insectes nouveaux, etc. Orthopteres. In: J. Tastu: Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe, Paris, pp. 647 - 650, plate 2." type="journal article" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. He placed it in close relation to
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815E483076FAD5A747" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[1050,1318,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815E483076FB50A746" box="[1050,1187,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
Boisduval
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815B5A305EFD7DA72F" authority="Gunther, 1929" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1929" box="[264,654,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Thaumatobactron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A305EFE2AA72E" box="[264,473,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Thaumatobactron</emphasis>
Günther, 1929
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF81589E305EFC37A72F" authority="Stal, 1875" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1875" box="[716,964,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Canachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF81589E305EFCB2A72E" box="[716,833,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Canachus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815919305EFC37A72F" author="Stal" box="[843,964,1327,1353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Stal, C. (1875) Recensio Orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthopteres descrits par Linne, de Geer et Thunberg, 3. P. A. Norstedt &amp; Soner, Stockholm, pp. 4 - 105." type="journal article" year="1875">Stål, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and provided a key to distinguish between these genera.
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF8158363026FC8CA717" author="Montrouzier" box="[612,895,1367,1393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier (1855: 81)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815E523026FB74A716" box="[1024,1159,1367,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815E523026FB74A716" box="[1024,1159,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Karabidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815B81300EFD11A7FF" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[467,738,1407,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B81300EFDAFA7FE" box="[467,604,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
Boisduval
</taxonomicName>
(Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF8159F9300EFEB6A7A7" authority="Boisduval, 1835" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8159F9300EFB6EA7FE" box="[939,1181,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha horrida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815EFE300EFEB6A7A7" author="Boisduval" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" refString="Boisduval, J. A. (1835) Faune Entomologique de l'Ocean Pacifique, avec l'illustration des Insectes nouveaux, etc. Orthopteres. In: J. Tastu: Voyage de decouvertes de l'Astrolabe, Paris, pp. 647 - 650, plate 2." type="journal article" year="1835">Boisduval, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy) and included
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF8158CF30D6FC6AA7A7" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" box="[669,921,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8158CF30D6FCE4A7A6" box="[669,791,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">E. horrida</emphasis>
Boisduval
</taxonomicName>
, the only previously known member of the genus, as well as three new species, among which was
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815E7A30BEFB5EA78E" box="[1064,1197,1487,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815E7A30BEFB5EA78E" box="[1064,1197,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">K. australe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815EBB30BEFE1EA477" author="Montrouzier" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier (1855: 81)</bibRefCitation>
had not designated a type-species for his
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF8159A73086FB8FA476" box="[1013,1148,1527,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF8159A73086FB8FA476" box="[1013,1148,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Karabidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it took on
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815F433086FE11A45F" authority="Boisduval" authorityName="Boisduval" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815F433086FE92A45E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">E. horrida</emphasis>
Boisduval
</taxonomicName>
as the type-species (ICZN, 1999), and consequently became an objective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815B803336FC24A407" authority="Boisduval (Gurney, 1947: 386)" authorityName="Boisduval (Gurney" authorityPageNumber="386" authorityYear="1947" box="[466,983,1607,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B803336FDA8A406" box="[466,603,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Eurycantha</emphasis>
Boisduval (
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF8158B83336FC3EA407" author="Gurney" box="[746,973,1607,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" refString="Gurney, A. B. (1947) Notes on some remarkable Australian walking sticks, including a synopsis of the genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 40, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="1947">Gurney, 1947: 386</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The subsequent designation of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815B7B331EFDB4A4EF" authority="Montrouzier" authorityName="Montrouzier" box="[297,583,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B7B331EFE5FA4EE" box="[297,428,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">K. australe</emphasis>
Montrouzier
</taxonomicName>
as the type-species of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0CFF815907331EFC2FA4EE" box="[853,988,1647,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815907331EFC2FA4EE" box="[853,988,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Karabidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0CFF815E59331EFB48A4EF" author="Stal" box="[1035,1211,1647,1673]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Stal, C. (1875) Recensio Orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthopteres descrits par Linne, de Geer et Thunberg, 3. P. A. Norstedt &amp; Soner, Stockholm, pp. 4 - 105." type="journal article" year="1875">Stål (1875: 90)</bibRefCitation>
was thus invalid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0CFF815B5A3396FD15A537" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<table id="07A1628BBF0C00765B5A3396FAD9A537" box="[264,1322,1767,1873]" gridcols="9" gridrows="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<tr id="CB919269BF0C00765B5A3396FAD9A566" box="[264,1322,1767,1792]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="8840FB15BF0C00765B5A3396FD15A566" box="[264,742,1767,1792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0CFF815B5A3396FE64A566" box="[264,407,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Distribution</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0C00765B5A327EFAD9A54F" box="[264,1322,1807,1833]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<th id="8840FB15BF0C00765B5A327EFD15A54F" box="[264,742,1807,1833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Lord Howe Island about 800 km off</th>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C007658BF327EFCE2A54F" box="[749,785,1807,1833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">the</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C0076594B327EFC60A54F" box="[793,915,1807,1833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Australian</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C007659C9327EFC3BA54F" box="[923,968,1807,1833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">east</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C00765983327EFBFEA54F" box="[977,1037,1807,1833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">coast</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C00765E47327EFBA1A54F" box="[1045,1106,1807,1833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">(now</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C00765E08327EFB40A54F" box="[1114,1203,1807,1833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">extinct)</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C00765EEE327EFB14A54F" box="[1212,1255,1807,1833]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">and</td>
<td id="8840FB15BF0C00765EBC327EFAD9A54F" box="[1262,1322,1807,1833]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Balls</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CB919269BF0C00765B5A3246FAD9A537" box="[264,1322,1847,1873]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="8840FB15BF0C00765B5A3246FD15A537" box="[264,742,1847,1873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Pyramid 23 km southeast of Lord Howe.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A346DFE3FA353" blockId="9.[264,817,284,390]" box="[264,460,284,309]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A346DFE3FA353" box="[264,460,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Species included</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A3435FD1CA3E0" blockId="9.[264,817,284,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
1.
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B7F3435FCDEA338" authority="Montrouzier, 1855: 86" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1855" box="[301,813,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B7F3435FDE8A33B" box="[301,539,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Karabidion australe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF8058713435FCF2A338" author="Montrouzier" box="[547,769,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier, 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 86
</taxonomicName>
. =
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B16341DFD19A3E0" authority="Kirby, 1904a: 441" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="441" authorityYear="1904" box="[324,746,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Eubulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B16341DFDFFA3E3" box="[324,524,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eubulides spuria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805841341DFD43A3E0" author="Kirby" box="[531,688,364,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) Notes on Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, with descriptions of new species, Part I &amp; II. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, (7) 13, 372 - 377 &amp; 429 - 449." type="journal article" year="1904" yearSuffix="a">Kirby, 1904a</bibRefCitation>
: 441
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
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<mods:identifier id="3F14F8F0160C032E5FA74CCB08E15053" type="GBIF-Dataset">f2d14ad6-25f1-4783-8fba-240db7722b18</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E8CE175F7DBF25595CDAE5F6ABB3E63" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AC0339BD522CC7C8FDF57742E3C60E34" type="Zenodo-Dep">174972</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FD08213DBF0DFF855B5A3490FD53A3C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5616761" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119350799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5616761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD08213DBF0DFF855B5A3490FD53A3C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD08213DBF0DFF855B5A3490FD53A3C8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0DFF805B5A3490FDFFA078" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A3490FCE6A39D" blockId="9.[264,789,481,542]" box="[264,789,481,507]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="2E562747BF0DFF805B5A3490FCE6A39D" bold="true" box="[264,789,481,507]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A3490FCE6A39D" ID-CoL="8P9XD" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" box="[264,789,481,507]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A3490FCE6A39D" bold="true" box="[264,789,481,507]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A3490FDFEA39D" bold="true" box="[264,525,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Dryococelus australis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF8058763490FCFEA39D" author="Montrouzier" box="[548,781,481,507]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier, 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A3775FDFFA078" blockId="9.[264,789,481,542]" box="[264,524,516,542]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Figs. 79, 1112 &amp; 19</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0DFF805B5A3720FB71A0EE" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A3720FAD8A001" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[264,1323,590,616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B1B705BF0DFF805B5A3720FAD8A001" box="[264,1323,590,616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A3720FD1BA001" ID-CoL="8PCKP" authority="Montrouzier, 1855: 86" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1855" box="[264,744,592,616]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A3720FE17A00E" box="[264,484,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Karabidion australe</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F400B63ABF0DFF805BBC3721FD1BA001" author="Montrouzier" box="[494,744,592,615]" page="86" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" year="1855">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805BBC3721FD4FA001" author="Montrouzier" box="[494,700,592,615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier, 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 86
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. ST, ♂ &amp; ♀: Lord Howe Island, Mr. Want Esquire
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3700FB71A0EE" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,1154,625,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">(Institution Sainte Marie de Saint-Chamond, Loire believed to be destroyed).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0DFF805B6A37E0FDB6A0AE" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A37E0FDC9A0CE" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,570,657,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A37E0FE15A0CE" author="Etheridge" box="[312,486,657,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Etheridge, R. (1889) The general zoology of Lord Howe Island. Australian Museum Memoirs, 2, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1889">Etheridge, 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 3133.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A37C0FDB6A0AE" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,581,689,712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A37C0FE55A0AE" author="Lea" box="[312,422,689,712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Lea, A. M. (1916) Notes on the Lord Howe Island phasma, and on an associated longicorn beetle. Transcripts, Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australi a, 40, 145 - 147, 7 plates." type="book chapter" year="1916">Lea, 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 145, pl. 9: 17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0DFF805B5A37A3FDE4A12D" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A37A3FD42A08E" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[264,689,721,745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A37A3FD5EA08E" authority="Kirby, 1904: 395" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="395" authorityYear="1904" box="[264,685,721,745]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A37A3FE14A08F" box="[264,487,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Karabidion australis</emphasis>
, Kirby, 1904: 395
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A3783FC0BA14C" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B1B705BF0DFF805B5A3783FC0BA14C" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A3783FD08A16E" ID-CoL="8P7H4" authority="Redtenbacher, 1908: 340" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="340" authorityYear="1908" box="[264,763,753,777]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Carabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A3783FE12A16F" box="[264,481,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Carabidion australe</emphasis>
,
<treatmentCitation id="F400B63ABF0DFF805BBC3780FD08A16E" author="Redtenbacher" box="[494,763,753,776]" page="340" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805BBC3780FD35A16E" author="Redtenbacher" box="[494,710,753,776]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden, III. Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 341 - 589, plates 16 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 340
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A3662FD39A14C" ID-CoL="8P9XD" authority="Gurney, 1947: 384" authorityName="Gurney" authorityPageNumber="384" authorityYear="1947" box="[264,714,787,810]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A3662FE00A14C" box="[264,499,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Dryococelus australis</emphasis>
,
<treatmentCitation id="F400B63ABF0DFF8058523662FD39A14C" author="Gurney" box="[512,714,787,810]" page="384" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" year="1947">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF8058523662FD66A14C" author="Gurney" box="[512,661,787,810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Gurney, A. B. (1947) Notes on some remarkable Australian walking sticks, including a synopsis of the genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 40, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="1947">Gurney, 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 384
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 10 (♀) and 1112 (♂).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3645FDE4A12D" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,535,820,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3645FE2EA12D" author="Smithers" box="[312,477,820,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Smithers, C. N. (1966) On some remains of the Lord Howe Island Phasmid (Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier) (Phasmida )) from Ball's Pyramid. Entomologist's monthly Magazine, 105, 252." type="journal article" year="1966">Smithers, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 252.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0DFF805B6A3625FDBAA64B" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3625FD49A10D" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,698,852,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3625FE19A10D" author="McAlpine" box="[312,490,852,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="McAlpine, D. K. (1967) Rediscovery of Lord Howe Island Phasmid. Australian Entomological Society News Bulletin, 2 (3), 71 - 72." type="journal article" year="1967">McAlpine, 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 71. [Rediscovery]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3607FD36A1EB" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,709,883,909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3607FE5AA1EB" author="Key" box="[312,425,886,909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Key, K. H. L. (1974) Phasmatodea (Stick-Insects). In: Parker, S. F. (ed.): Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. Vol. 2, 379 - 383, New York, McGraw Hill." type="journal article" year="1974">Key, 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 403, fig. 25.14 a &amp; b (♂).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A36E7FE1CA1CB" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,495,918,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A36E7FE22A1CB" author="Vickery" box="[312,465,918,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australian Division for Entomology, Technical Paper, 20, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A36C7FDADA1AB" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,606,950,973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A36C7FDD6A1AB" author="Balderson" box="[312,549,950,973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="47" refString="Balderson, J., Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Roach, A. M. E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In: Houston, W. W. K. &amp; Wells, A. (Eds.): Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 23 Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 347 - 376, 451 - 456." type="journal article" year="1998">Balderson et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 367.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A36A7FDFEA18B" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,525,982,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A36A7FE1DA18B" author="Humphrey" box="[312,494,982,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Humphrey, M. (2001) Sticks in the Press - encore. Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 87, 6." type="journal article" year="2001">Humphrey, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3687FDBEA66B" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,589,1014,1037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3687FDF5A66B" author="Priddel" box="[312,518,1014,1037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Priddel, D., Carlile, N., Humphrey, M., Fellenberg, S. &amp; Hiscox, D. (2003) Rediscovery of the ' extinct' Lord Howe Island stick-insect (Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier )) (Phasmatodea) and recommendations for its Conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12 (7), 1391 - 1403." type="journal article" year="2003">Priddel et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 1391.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3167FDBAA64B" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,585,1046,1069]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3167FDFCA64B" author="Otte" box="[312,527,1046,1069]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of stick and leaf insects of the world. Second Edition. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, CafePress. com, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 131.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0DFF805B5A3148FD27A614" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A3148FC4BA629" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[264,952,1078,1104]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B1B705BF0DFF805B5A3148FC4BA629" box="[264,952,1078,1104]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A3148FD20A629" ID-CoL="8P9XD" authority="Westwood, 1859: 65" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1859" box="[264,723,1080,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A3148FE1BA636" box="[264,488,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eurycantha australis</emphasis>
,
<treatmentCitation id="F400B63ABF0DFF805BA73149FD20A629" author="Westwood" box="[501,723,1080,1103]" page="65" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" year="1859">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805BA73149FD5FA629" author="Westwood" box="[501,684,1080,1103]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 plates." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
: 65
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1: 1 (♂) &amp; 2 (♀).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A312AFD27A614" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,724,1113,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A312AFE4EA614" author="Lucas" box="[312,445,1115,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Lucas, M. H. (1872) Remarques sur une nouvelle espece d' Eurycantha, precedes de quelques observations synonymiques sur cette coupe generique de l'ordre des Orthopteres et de la famille des Phasmides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, (2) 5, 19 - 31, plates 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1872">Lucas, 1872</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 10: 13 (hind leg of ♂)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0DFF835B6A310DFC57A338" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A310DFAD9A6B1" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
Clark Sellick, 1998: 224, fig. 34A. [Egg]
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A31EFFCB0A6D3" authority="Sharp, 1895: 274" authorityName="Sharp" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1895" box="[264,835,1182,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis" subGenus="Karabidion">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A31EFFD8FA6D3" box="[264,636,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eurycantha (Karabidion) australis</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF8058DB31EFFCFDA6D3" author="Sharp" box="[649,782,1182,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Sharp, D. (1895) Fam. V. Phasmidae - Stick and Leaf Insects. In: Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 5, Edited by Harmer S. F. &amp; Shipley, A. E., pp. 260 - 278." type="journal article" year="1895">Sharp, 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 274
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 160 (♂).
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B5A31B0FD62A6B1" authority="Kirby, 1904a: 441" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="441" authorityYear="1904" box="[264,657,1216,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Eubulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B5A31B0FE33A6BE" box="[264,448,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eubulides spuria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B9B31B1FDAAA6B1" author="Kirby" box="[457,601,1216,1239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) Notes on Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, with descriptions of new species, Part I &amp; II. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, (7) 13, 372 - 377 &amp; 429 - 449." type="journal article" year="1904" yearSuffix="a">Kirby, 1904a</bibRefCitation>
: 441
</taxonomicName>
. HT, ♂ (nymph):
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF80590D31B0FBDAA6BE" box="[863,1065,1217,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF80590D31B0FBDAA6BE" box="[863,1065,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eurycantha spuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Australia, Mr. Stevens
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3190FC40A69E" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,947,1249,1272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
Coll. (BMNH). [synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF8058F23190FC84A69E" author="Otte" box="[672,887,1249,1272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of stick and leaf insects of the world. Second Edition. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, CafePress. com, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 131]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3070FDF1A77E" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,514,1281,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3070FE3BA77E" author="Kirby" box="[312,456,1281,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 b) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. British Museum, London, Vol. I." type="book" year="1904" yearSuffix="b">Kirby, 1904b</bibRefCitation>
: 395.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3050FE1CA75E" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,495,1313,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3050FE22A75E" author="Vickery" box="[312,465,1313,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australian Division for Entomology, Technical Paper, 20, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1983">Vickery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B6A3030FDADA73E" blockId="9.[264,1323,590,1368]" box="[312,606,1345,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF805B6A3030FDD6A73E" author="Balderson" box="[312,549,1345,1368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="47" refString="Balderson, J., Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Roach, A. M. E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In: Houston, W. W. K. &amp; Wells, A. (Eds.): Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 23 Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 347 - 376, 451 - 456." type="journal article" year="1998">Balderson et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 367.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF805B5A30F8FC7AA7C5" blockId="9.[264,1323,1417,1883]" box="[264,905,1417,1443]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Material examined [5 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, 10 nymphs, 9 eggs]:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0DFF835B6A30C0FC57A338" blockId="9.[264,1323,1417,1883]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1322,283,350]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF805B6A30C0FC99A795" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765828" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="McGillivray" country="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805B6A30C0FE91A7A3" box="[312,354,1457,1483]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805B2030C0FD60A7AD" authority="Atlas Westw" authorityName="Atlas Westw" box="[370,659,1457,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805B2030C0FDCDA7AC" box="[370,574,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eurycantha Atlas</emphasis>
Westw
</taxonomicName>
male, 55 53, Admiralty Coll.
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF8059AD30C0FB32A7AD" box="[1023,1217,1457,1483]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Mr. McGillivray</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF805E8330C0FAD8A7AD" box="[1233,1323,1457,1483]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
- specimen illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF80586730A8FD0EA795" author="Westwood" box="[565,765,1497,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 plates." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1: 1)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF8059D030A8FD86A47D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765826" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Australia" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Lord Howes Island">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF8059D030A8FC5DA78B" box="[898,942,1497,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF8059EC30A8FEAAA47D" authority="Atlas Westw, Lord Howes" authorityName="Atlas Westw, Lord Howes" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF8059EC30A8FB7FA794" box="[958,1164,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eurycantha Atlas</emphasis>
Westw,
<collectingRegion id="B7655EC9BF0DFF805EA030A8FEAAA47D" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Lord Howes</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
Island, 5464 (
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF80585D3370FD9EA47D" box="[527,621,1537,1563]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF8058DB3370FB6EA47D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765830" box="[649,1181,1537,1563]" collectingDate="1954-01" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Lord Howes Island">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF8058DB3370FD41A473" box="[649,690,1537,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(nymph): Lord Howes
<date id="011FB6EBBF0DFF8059953370FC0FA47D" box="[967,1020,1537,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="1954-01">I. 54</date>
61 (
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF805E653370FB66A47D" box="[1079,1173,1537,1563]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF805EE23370FAF6A425" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765834" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Australia" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-egg="6">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805EE23370FB0FA47D" box="[1200,1276,1537,1563]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="egg">6 eggs</specimenCount>
(on card): Eggs of
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805BE93358FD34A424" box="[443,711,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eurycanthus horribilis</emphasis>
, No. 1314, 5685
<collectingRegion id="B7655EC9BF0DFF8059FA3358FB7EA425" box="[936,1165,1577,1603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Lord Howes Island</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF805ECC3358FB0EA425" box="[1182,1277,1577,1603]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF805F4E3358FE84A4DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765831" collectingDate="1883-09" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Challenger" country="Australia" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="5">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805F4E3358FEDCA403" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805B6F3320FE89A403" box="[317,378,1617,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(subadult),
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF8058573320FDB1A403" box="[517,578,1617,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(nymphs):
<collectingRegion id="B7655EC9BF0DFF8058953320FC54A40D" box="[711,935,1617,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Lord Howes Island</collectingRegion>
det.
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF8059B23320FE64A4F5" authority="Mont., Lord Howe" authorityName="Mont., Lord Howe" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF8059B23320FB25A40C" box="[992,1238,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Eurycantha australis</emphasis>
Mont.,
<collectingRegion id="B7655EC9BF0DFF805B5A3308FE64A4F5" box="[264,407,1657,1683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Lord Howe</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
Island: other particulars wanting, possibly
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF80599B3308FBB9A4F5" box="[969,1098,1657,1683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Challenger</collectionCode>
Coll.
<date id="011FB6EBBF0DFF805EF63308FAD8A4F5" box="[1188,1323,1657,1683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="1883-09">
<collectingDate id="115B4F03BF0DFF805EF63308FAD8A4F5" box="[1188,1323,1657,1683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="1883-09">Sept. 1883</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF805B4233D0FE9DA4DD" box="[272,366,1697,1723]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF805BDB33D0FDA3A485" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765837" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Australia" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805BDB33D0FE41A4D3" box="[393,434,1697,1723]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(penultimate instar): 5447, Lord Howe Isld,
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF80598633D0FEB2A485" authority="(Montr.) Lord" authorityName="(Montr.) Lord" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Eurycantha australis (Montr.) Lord</taxonomicName>
Howes Isl. (
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF805BB833B8FDBAA485" box="[490,585,1737,1763]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF80583E33B8FB36A56D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765827" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Australia" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF80583E33B8FD69A4BB" box="[620,666,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: 86, 5447 Lord Howe Isld.,
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF805E4433B8FB23A485" authority="Mont." authorityName="Mont." box="[1046,1232,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF805E4433B8FB8EA484" box="[1046,1149,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">australis</emphasis>
Mont.
</taxonomicName>
female (
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF805B423380FE99A56D" box="[272,362,1777,1803]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
specimen illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0DFF8058CE3380FC91A56D" author="Westwood" box="[668,866,1777,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 plates." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1: 2, atypical colouration)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF805E853380FBF8A555" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765829" collectingDate="1883-09" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Challenger" country="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-egg="3" stateProvince="Lord Howes Island">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805E853380FAD5A56D" box="[1239,1318,1777,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="egg">3 eggs</specimenCount>
: Lord Howe Is.: possibly
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF80586A3268FD4AA555" box="[568,697,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Challenger</collectionCode>
Coll.,
<date id="011FB6EBBF0DFF8059423268FC62A555" box="[784,913,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="1883-09">
<collectingDate id="115B4F03BF0DFF8059423268FC62A555" box="[784,913,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" value="1883-09">Sept. 1883</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF8059F63268FBF1A555" box="[932,1026,1817,1843]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0DFF835E773268FE84A350" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765833" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Br. v. W." country="Australia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="No. 693" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805E773268FBA0A54B" box="[1061,1107,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805E363268FB56A54B" box="[1124,1189,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0DFF805EE53268FAD4A555" box="[1207,1319,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">1 nymph</specimenCount>
: Coll.
<determinerName id="80C27CEFBF0DFF805B1A3230FE5DA53D" box="[328,430,1857,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Br. v. W.</determinerName>
Lord Howe Isl., det. Br. v. W.
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0DFF8059433230FBF5A53C" box="[785,1030,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0DFF8059433230FBF1A53C" box="[785,1026,1857,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Carabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">Carabidion australe</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
2.355 &amp; 8.759 (
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0DFF805E963230FAD4A53D" box="[1220,1319,1857,1883]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">NHMW</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCode id="25073850BF0EFF835B5A346DFE9DA350" box="[264,366,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">No. 693</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0EFF835BC3346DFB6FA350" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765832" box="[401,1180,283,310]" collectingDate="1916-07" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="P. R. Pedley" country="Australia" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0EFF835BC3346DFE21A349" box="[401,466,283,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0EFF835BB6346DFDD7A349" box="[484,548,283,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingRegion id="B7655EC9BF0EFF835865346DFCE4A350" box="[567,791,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Lord Howe Island</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="D854F5FDBF0EFF835977346DFC5CA350" box="[805,943,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P.R. Pedley</collectorName>
<date id="011FB6EBBF0EFF8359E8346DFBC3A350" box="[954,1072,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" value="1916-07">
<collectingDate id="115B4F03BF0EFF8359E8346DFBC3A350" box="[954,1072,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" value="1916-07">July 1916</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0EFF835E11346DFB67A350" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[1091,1172,284,310]" collectionName="USA, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">ANSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C5C99A76BF0EFF835EE5346DFC53A338" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2465765835" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Australia" location="Lord Howes Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0EFF835EE5346DFB17A349" box="[1207,1252,283,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="63A75BA2BF0EFF835EA7346DFAD0A349" box="[1269,1315,283,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: Museum Paris, 55,
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BB93435FCDBA338" authority="Mont." authorityName="Mont." box="[491,808,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BB93435FD29A33B" box="[491,730,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Karabidion australe</emphasis>
Mont.
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="13B008EEBF0EFF8359653435FC6BA338" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[823,920,324,350]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="21DEC0A3BF0EFF835B5A30CCFEB7A4E4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174975/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[374,1197,399,1453]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0EFF835B5A30CCFEB7A4E4" blockId="10.[264,1323,1469,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A30CCFE78A7B3" bold="true" box="[264,395,1469,1493]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BC330CFFCACA7B3" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" box="[401,863,1470,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BC330CFFD8FA7B3" box="[401,636,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Dryococelus australis</emphasis>
(Montrouzier, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
: left hind leg of ♂ (lateral view)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A3091FE64A79E" bold="true" box="[264,407,1504,1528]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCC3090FD50A79E" box="[414,675,1505,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCC3090FD50A79E" box="[414,675,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF8358FB3091FCCEA79E" bold="true" box="[681,829,1504,1528]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF0EFF8358FB3091FD06A79E" box="[681,757,1504,1528]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.
</emphasis>
: left hind leg of ♂, HT (lateral view)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A3372FE65A47D" bold="true" box="[264,406,1539,1563]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCF3372FC98A47C" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" box="[413,875,1539,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCF3372FD7BA47C" box="[413,648,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Dryococelus australis</emphasis>
(Montrouzier, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
: Ψ apex of abdomen (lateral view)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A3354FE64A45B" bold="true" box="[264,407,1573,1597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCC3357FC9FA45B" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" box="[414,876,1574,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCC3357FD7AA45B" box="[414,649,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Dryococelus australis</emphasis>
(Montrouzier, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
: Ψ apex of abdomen (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A3339FE6BA406" bold="true" box="[264,408,1608,1632]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCD3338FC0FA439" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle, 1997" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="1997" box="[415,1020,1608,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Thaumatobactron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCD3338FD38A406" box="[415,715,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Thaumatobactron guentheri</emphasis>
Hennemann &amp; Conle, 1997
</taxonomicName>
: Ψ apex of abdomen (lateral view)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21DEC0A3BF0EFF835B5A33FCFEB7A4A1" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0EFF835B5A33FCFEB7A4A1" blockId="10.[264,1323,1469,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A33FCFE64A4C3" bold="true" box="[264,407,1677,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCC33FFFC0BA4C3" authority="Hennemann &amp; Conle, 1997" authorityName="Hennemann &amp; Conle" authorityYear="1997" box="[414,1016,1678,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Thaumatobactron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guentheri">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCC33FFFD3BA4C3" box="[414,712,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Thaumatobactron guentheri</emphasis>
Hennemann &amp; Conle, 1997
</taxonomicName>
: Ψ apex of abdomen (ventral view)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21DEC0A3BF0EFF835B5A33A2FB5CA534" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0EFF835B5A33A2FB5CA534" blockId="10.[264,1323,1469,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A33A2FE64A48D" bold="true" box="[264,407,1747,1771]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCC33A2FD50A48C" box="[414,675,1747,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCC33A2FD50A48C" box="[414,675,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF8358FB33A2FCCEA48D" bold="true" box="[681,829,1747,1771]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF0EFF8358FB33A2FD06A48D" box="[681,757,1747,1771]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.
</emphasis>
: Ψ apex of abdomen (dorsal view)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A3384FE64A56B" bold="true" box="[264,407,1781,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCC3387FD50A56B" box="[414,675,1782,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCC3387FD50A56B" box="[414,675,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF8358FB3384FCCEA56B" bold="true" box="[681,829,1781,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF0EFF8358FB3384FD06A56B" box="[681,757,1781,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.
</emphasis>
: Ψ apex of abdomen (lateral view)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A3269FE64A556" bold="true" box="[264,407,1816,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCC3268FD50A556" box="[414,675,1817,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCC3268FD50A556" box="[414,675,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF8358FB3269FCCEA556" bold="true" box="[681,829,1816,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF0EFF8358FB3269FD06A556" box="[681,757,1816,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.
</emphasis>
: Ψ apex of abdomen (ventral view)
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835B5A324AFE64A535" bold="true" box="[264,407,1851,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0EFF835BCC324AFD50A534" box="[414,675,1851,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Papuacocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF835BCC324AFD50A534" box="[414,675,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Papuacocelus papuanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0EFF8358FB324AFCCEA535" bold="true" box="[681,829,1851,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6F142BF0EFF8358FB324AFD06A535" box="[681,757,1851,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.
</emphasis>
: ♂ apex of abdomen (dorsal view)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3DBBC3A0BF0FFF855B5A346DFD53A3C8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0FFF825B5A346DFE70A353" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,1510]" box="[264,387,284,309]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF825B5A346DFE70A353" box="[264,387,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0FFF825B6A3435FD62A088" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,1510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF825B6A3435FDA0A338" author="Montrouzier" box="[312,595,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="Montrouzier, P. (1855) Essai sur la faune de l'ile de woodlark ou Moiou. Annales des la Societe d´agriculture de Lyon, (2) 7, 1 - 5, 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1855">Montrouzier (1855: 86)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF82588B3435FC38A33B" box="[729,971,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF82588B3435FC38A33B" box="[729,971,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Karabidion australe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from males(s) and female(s) obtained on Lord Howe Island. The original
<typeStatus id="AA1A2E89BF0FFF82594A341DFCB8A3E0" box="[792,843,364,390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
specimens were deposited at the Institution Sainte Marie de Saint-Chamond, Loire (France) and appear to have been destroyed during military occupation in the two World Wars (
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF82590C34CDFBD7A3B0" author="Vickery" box="[862,1060,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="49" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australian Division for Entomology, Technical Paper, 20, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1983">Vickery, 1983: 6</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, any more comprehensive treatment of this species, or a revisional study of the
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF825E793495FB27A398" box="[1067,1236,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurycanthinae">Eurycanthinae</taxonomicName>
should include the designation of a
<typeStatus id="AA1A2E89BF0FFF825838377DFD39A040" box="[618,714,524,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, in order to fix Montrouziers species.
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF825EFD377DFEA5A028" author="Westwood" pageId="11" pageNumber="49" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp., 40 plates." type="book" year="1859">Westwood (1859)</bibRefCitation>
provided descriptions and illustrations of both sexes (pl. 1, figs. 1 &amp; 2), and having identified the invalidity of Montrouziers
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF8258A7372DFC8FA013" box="[757,892,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Karabidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF8258A7372DFC8FA013" box="[757,892,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Karabidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, included it in
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF825E62372DFB4AA013" box="[1072,1209,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF825E62372DFB4AA013" box="[1072,1209,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Eurycantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The distinctive hind leg of the male was accurately figured by
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF8259F337F5FB36A0F8" author="Lucas" box="[929,1221,644,670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="Lucas, M. H. (1872) Remarques sur une nouvelle espece d' Eurycantha, precedes de quelques observations synonymiques sur cette coupe generique de l'ordre des Orthopteres et de la famille des Phasmides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, (2) 5, 19 - 31, plates 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1872">Lucas (1872, pl. 10: 13)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF825E8037F5FE61A0A0" author="Gurney" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="Gurney, A. B. (1947) Notes on some remarkable Australian walking sticks, including a synopsis of the genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 40, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="1947">Gurney (1947: 384)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in his new genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF82588437DDFC99A0A3" box="[726,874,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF82588437DDFC99A0A3" box="[726,874,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Dryococelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and provided descriptions and photos (1947, figs. 1012) of both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0FFF825B6A378DFCFAA6A8" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,1510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF825B6A378DFDD6A170" author="Kirby" box="[312,549,764,790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) Notes on Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, with descriptions of new species, Part I &amp; II. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, (7) 13, 372 - 377 &amp; 429 - 449." type="journal article" year="1904" yearSuffix="a">Kirby (1904a: 441)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF8258E2378DFC8DA173" box="[688,894,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Eubulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF8258E2378DFC8DA173" box="[688,894,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Eubulides spuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a unique presumed adult ♂, which from the original description appears to be a nymph.
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF8259883655FB14A158" author="Balderson" box="[986,1255,804,830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" refString="Balderson, J., Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Roach, A. M. E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In: Houston, W. W. K. &amp; Wells, A. (Eds.): Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 23 Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 347 - 376, 451 - 456." type="journal article" year="1998">Balderson et al. (1998</bibRefCitation>
: 367) presumed the HT of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF825BAF363DFD0EA100" authority="Kirby, 1904" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1904" box="[509,765,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Heteropterygidae" genus="Eubulides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF825BAF363DFD9AA103" box="[509,617,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">E. spuria</emphasis>
Kirby, 1904
</taxonomicName>
to be lost.
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF8259D2363DFB40A100" author="Otte" box="[896,1203,844,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="49" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of stick and leaf insects of the world. Second Edition. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, CafePress. com, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock (2005: 131)</bibRefCitation>
stated the HT to be not traced in BMNH and that the only specimen represented in that collection and labelled “
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF825BE136EDFD61A1D3" box="[435,658,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF825BE136EDFD61A1D3" box="[435,658,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Eurycantha spuria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Australia” was shorter than the 55.0 mm recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF825B5A36B5FE04A1B8" author="Kirby" box="[264,503,964,990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) Notes on Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, with descriptions of new species, Part I &amp; II. Annuals and Magazine of Natural History, London, (7) 13, 372 - 377 &amp; 429 - 449." type="journal article" year="1904" yearSuffix="a">Kirby (1904a: 441)</bibRefCitation>
. Judith Marshall (BMNH) has kindly examined this specimen and found that the length is
<quantity id="B2593DCEBF0FFF825872369DFD80A660" box="[544,627,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
if the antennae are included and that the dimensions of the mesonotum (Kirby erroneously stated “pronoti”) are 10.0 mm x 8.0 mm, just as given by that author. Therefore, and as the specimen agrees with every other aspect of the original description, it can be regarded the presumed lost HT of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF8259E43115FB31A618" authority="Kirby, 1904" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1904" box="[950,1218,1124,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF8259E43115FBD5A61B" box="[950,1062,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">E. spuria</emphasis>
Kirby, 1904
</taxonomicName>
. As it is merely a ♂ nymph of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF82584F31FDFB59A6C0" authority="(Montrouzier) Otte &amp; Brock (2005: 131)" authorityName="(Montrouzier) Otte &amp; Brock" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="2005" box="[541,1194,1164,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF82584F31FDFD58A6C3" box="[541,683,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">D. australis</emphasis>
(Montrouzier)
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF82593B31FDFB59A6C0" author="Otte" box="[873,1194,1164,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="49" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of stick and leaf insects of the world. Second Edition. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, CafePress. com, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock (2005: 131)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have synonymised
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF825BD331C5FDCAA6A8" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" box="[385,569,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Eurycantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuria">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF825BD331C5FE1EA6AB" box="[385,493,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">E. spuria</emphasis>
Kirby
</taxonomicName>
with this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0FFF825B6A31ADFE1BA7F0" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,1510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
Clark Sellick (1998: 224, fig. 34A) briefly described the micropylar plate and figured the egg of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF825BDF3075FDEAA77B" box="[397,537,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF825BDF3075FDEAA77B" box="[397,537,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">D. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but no formal description and illustration have so far been published. Several authors (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF82580F305DFCEDA720" author="Etheridge" box="[605,798,1324,1350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="Etheridge, R. (1889) The general zoology of Lord Howe Island. Australian Museum Memoirs, 2, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1889">Etheridge, 1889</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF82597E305DFC54A720" author="Lea" box="[812,935,1324,1350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="Lea, A. M. (1916) Notes on the Lord Howe Island phasma, and on an associated longicorn beetle. Transcripts, Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australi a, 40, 145 - 147, 7 plates." type="book chapter" year="1916">Lea, 1916</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF8259E7305DFB88A720" author="McAlpine" box="[949,1147,1324,1350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refString="McAlpine, D. K. (1967) Rediscovery of Lord Howe Island Phasmid. Australian Entomological Society News Bulletin, 2 (3), 71 - 72." type="journal article" year="1967">McAlpine, 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1130EDDABF0FFF825ED8305DFEB7A708" author="Priddel" pageId="11" pageNumber="49" refString="Priddel, D., Carlile, N., Humphrey, M., Fellenberg, S. &amp; Hiscox, D. (2003) Rediscovery of the ' extinct' Lord Howe Island stick-insect (Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier )) (Phasmatodea) and recommendations for its Conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12 (7), 1391 - 1403." type="journal article" year="2003">Priddel et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
) have dealt with the biology and natural habitats of
<taxonomicName id="B2A1EBA8BF0FFF8259F03025FBDFA70B" box="[930,1068,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Dryococelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF8259F03025FBDFA70B" box="[930,1068,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">D. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Lord Howe Island and Balls Pyramid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0FFF825B6A30D5FECEA780" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,1510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Body lengths (mm): ♂♂ 98.0112.0 mm, ♀♀ (including subgenital plate) 108.0133.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0FFF825B5A336DFE41A453" blockId="11.[264,1323,1564,1870]" box="[264,434,1564,1589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="47D54C39BF0FFF825B5A336DFE41A453" box="[264,434,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
Eggs (
<figureCitation id="ED9A8CAEBF0FFF825B01336DFE5AA453" box="[339,425,1564,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="12.[264,367,1200,1224]" captionTargetBox="[573,992,539,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[573,1013,529,1192]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 19: Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier, 1855): egg, dorsal view (BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174976/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF0FFF855B6A3335FD4CA338" blockId="11.[264,1323,1564,1870]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1322,284,430]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Large, oval, capsule 1.7x longer than wide and slightly narrowed anteriorly, sub-cylindrical in cross-section. Colouration of capsule, micropylar plate and operculum dull black. Capsule surface entirely covered with a fine, raised net-like structure. Similar structure on operculum but roughly radially directed. Operculum slightly oval and convex with a blunt spine in the centre. Micropylar plate very small and displaced towards posterior half of capsule, the anterior end roughly at mid point of dorsal capsule surface. Roughly spearshaped, tapered towards the anterior and with a constricted, pointed posterior end. Outer margin distinctly raised and with a fine whitish line dorsally. Micropylar cup indistinct and placed close to posterior end of plate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E902BBF08FF855B6A341DFD53A3C8" blockId="12.[264,1322,284,430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Measurements (mm): Length (including operculum) 6.2, length 6.0, width 3.6, height 3.8, length of micropylar plate 2.4.</paragraph>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.33.5061" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249252" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-33-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7D155703F503537C5C5AFFCDF60FFFE6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574823" ModsDocID="1314-2607-33-63" checkinTime="1621553024816" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sarzetti, Laura C., Genise, Jorge F., Sanchez, M. Victoria, Farina, Juan L. &amp; Molina, M. Alejandra" docDate="2013" docId="FD0879516E95985A13C7E308388AF394" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 33" docPubDate="2013-08-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.33.5061" docTitle="Ptiloglossa matutina" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7D155703F503537C5C5AFFCDF60FFFE6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="7D155703F503537C5C5AFFCDF60FFFE6" masterDocTitle="Nesting behavior and ecological preferences of five Diphaglossinae species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Colletidae) from Argentina and Chile" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1643537343696" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Nesting behavior and ecological preferences of five Diphaglossinae species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Colletidae) from Argentina and Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Sarzetti, Laura C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CONICET, Division Icnologia, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot;, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405. Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lsarzetti@macn.gov.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Genise, Jorge F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CONICET, Division Icnologia, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot;, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, 1405. Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, M. Victoria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Farina, Juan L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Lorenzo Scaglia &quot;, Area Entomologia, Av. Libertad 3099, Plaza Espana, 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Molina, M. Alejandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CONICET, Instituto Superior de Entomologia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 S. M. de Tucuman, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ptiloglossa_matutina" authority="(Schrottky, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Schrottky" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Ptiloglossa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptiloglossa matutina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matutina">
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matutina (Schrottky, 1904)
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Locality and nesting site.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
Observations were carried out during 2012 on March 11th and November 10th in the Karadya Bioreserve (
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="52.233" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.87055">25°52.233'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="58.167" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-53.96945">53°58.167'W</geoCoordinate>
), near Andresito, Misiones province, Argentina (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). The locality is included in the Upper
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="69" start="start">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
Atlantic Forest Region. The climate is warm subtropical, without a dry season, MAT around 20° C and a MAP around 2000 mm (Servicio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Meteorológico">Meteorologico</normalizedToken>
Nacional, 2012). During March, 11th, males of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schrottky" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Ptiloglossa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matutina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Ptiloglossa matutina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected, probably before their emergence, inside tunnels exposed in a soil vertical section. On November 10th, one nest was excavated in a patch of lateritic soil, altered by human activities, containing abundant roots, litter, and some rocks.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" start="Figures 2429" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Figures 24-29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schrottky" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Ptiloglossa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matutina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Ptiloglossa matutina</emphasis>
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(Schrottky, 1904).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">24</emphasis>
General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">25</emphasis>
Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil(arrow), scale line:1 cm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">26</emphasis>
Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">27</emphasis>
Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">28</emphasis>
Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">29</emphasis>
Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="69" type="daily activity">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Daily activity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
The nest was excavated at midday and the female was found inside the main tunnel. Some weeks ago, similar nests were observed with the entrance open and females flying close to them after 06:00 pm (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Julián">Julian</normalizedToken>
Baigorria, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="69" type="description of the nest">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Description of the nest.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="69">
The entrance was circular, 0.7 cm in diameter, without tumulus, and closed by a soil plug (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
). The main tunnel was circular in cross section, 25 cm long, nearly straight and slightly inclined downwards (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1923" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 23. 19 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa tarsata (Friese, 1900). 20 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, spiral closure, and entrance tunnel of Ptiloglossa tarsata 21 Nest architecture of Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904) 22 Nest architecture of Cadeguala albopilosa (Spinola, 1851) 23 Cell with provisions and egg, cell neck, location of the cell closure and entrance tunnel of Cadeguala albopilosa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11777" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Figs 21</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">26</figureCitation>
). It was 0.6-0.7 in maximum diameter. The nest contained four closed cells. One pair at a depth of 20 cm, were possibly connected to the main tunnel by a common tunnel filled with soil, 3 cm long. The other two cells, at a depth of 26 cm, were located at the other side of the main tunnel and also 3-4 cm of it (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). The cells were vertical, rounded at the bottom and the neck was strongly curved (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Figs 27 and 29</figureCitation>
). The vertical portion of the cell was 2.3 cm long and 1.3 cm in maximum diameter (n: 4). The neck was 0.8 cm in diameter (n: 4). The inner surface of cells and the neck were lined with a whitish semitransparent, cellophane-like material (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Figs 27 and 28</figureCitation>
). Three cells contained eggs and one a young larva (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Figs 27 and 28</figureCitation>
). The eggs, whitish, cylindrical and lightly curved, were 2.8 mm long and 0.4 mm wide. They laid on top of the yellow semiliquid provisions. The young larva was also whitish, curved, and almost submerged in the provisions. An earthen cell closure was not observed. Instead, a closure of white, cotton-like material that seems to be spirally arranged was observed (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2429" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Ptiloglossa matutina (Schrottky, 1904). 24 General view of the nesting site at Reserva Karadya, Andresito (Misiones province) 25 Nest entrance closed by a plug of soil (arrow), scale line: 1 cm 26 Soil with roots, litter, some rocks, and remains of the main tunnel (arrow) 27 Cell showing the larva partially submerged in provisions, cellophane lining, and the wad cotton-like material attached the cell closure, scale line: 0.5 cm 28 Detail of the cell closure with the cotton-like material 29 Cell and neck wall with the lining removed. Note the high curvature." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11778" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
).
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<paragraph id="85D1687BA26D079291CBD34C1F79E98B" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Taxon classification Animalia Stylommatophora Camaenidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7542E7BF8858EED84B8D20D30D43B446" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B8171CE17A3D580A3867B414F11D444A" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="D08899BAC5F65B17623588809AB80769" ID-CoL="7Q2KJ" authority="Fulton, 1896" authorityName="Fulton" authorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Amphidromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphidromus sumbaensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumbaensis">Amphidromus sumbaensis Fulton, 1896</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3F131FD1E9487547A14D629DAB2A4F35" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D8DA708C15992C626BAA531957117925" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="B019749CC0B1FAC9F6BBC2D516B7FAD1" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Amphidromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphidromus sumbaensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sumbaensis">Amphidromus sumbaensis</taxonomicName>
Fulton, 1896a: 102.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44A40894D3B0FE3B451AF0CB10C82C35" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="F4964D6FB72FA7025CC3F4349D2F5EB7" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CF71D6C1DACAC3B56A9B6C5A29FEBF52" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Sumba (Soemba) Island [Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E4D8F3AA7DFE7FB1532F47969F36B44" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" type="type material">
<paragraph id="2FCEA6959E833DA3F9B613FF59BD9CCF" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF4D543CC4DBD70271D03F7E1FB89689" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Lectotype NHMUK 96.6.13.41 (Fig. 15B; H=34.1 mm, W=16.6 mm), paralectotype NHMUK 1896.6.13.42 (1S).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA6411368DACEFC02FD6EA70B" box="[151,678,1011,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DACEFC02FD6EA70B" blockId="1.[151,678,1011,1074]" box="[151,678,1011,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<heading id="2E568189A6411368DACEFC02FD6EA70B" bold="true" box="[151,678,1011,1038]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DACEFC02FD6EA70B" bold="true" box="[151,678,1011,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A6411368DACEFC02FDDFA708" ID-CoL="84ZY" authority="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityName="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,535,1011,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Upsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DACEFC02FF1DA70B" bold="true" box="[151,213,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Upsa</emphasis>
Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6578CA6411368D87DFC02FD6EA70B" box="[548,678,1012,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA6411368DACEFBE1FC20A521" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DACEFBE1FE41A737" blockId="1.[151,678,1011,1074]" box="[151,393,1047,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
(
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A6411368DAC6FBE1FF25A737" box="[159,237,1047,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1104,1129]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[144,1444,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the distribution of all the known Endroedyolini species with the type locality of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species in Alexandria forest. All the forests in South Africa (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006) are marked in green on the main map and major cities indicated with black circles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625854/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A6411368DAA2FBEEFE88A737" box="[251,320,1048,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">2A, C</figureCitation>
, EG)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DACEFBADFCA0A771" blockId="1.[151,872,1115,1140]" box="[151,872,1115,1140]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A6411368DB71FBABFD15A771" authority="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityName="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2020" box="[296,733,1115,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Upsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centennial" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DB71FBABFE06A771" box="[296,462,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Upsa centennial</emphasis>
Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6578CA6411368D8BEFBAAFCABA771" box="[743,867,1115,1140]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DACEFB54FC01A7E5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DACEFB54FF1FA7B9" bold="true" box="[151,215,1186,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Head</emphasis>
. Punctate with punctures small and close together; clypeus bidentate, denticles small, separated by approximately two times their length; antennae yellow; eyes not visible dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EFB1CFB56A62C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EFB1CFE88A601" bold="true" box="[199,320,1258,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Pronotum</emphasis>
. Strongly convex with lateral sides somewhat explanate; punctures small, irregularly spaced, two times further apart than their diameter and sometimes with short, recurved, associated setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EFAC4FEEAA675" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EFAC4FEDBA649" bold="true" box="[199,275,1330,1356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Elytra</emphasis>
. Dark brown; short and sparse golden-brown recurved setae located in punctures; striae double grooved; elytra fused.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EFA8FFC66A6BD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EFA8FFEE7A691" bold="true" box="[199,303,1401,1428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Sternum</emphasis>
. Mesosternum and metasternum fused, suture evenly round; mesosternum relatively wide medially with more than three irregular rows fitting in between coxae (
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A6411368D910FA68FC69A6BD" box="[841,929,1438,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EFA37FD50A6D9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" box="[199,664,1473,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EFA37FEF2A6D9" bold="true" box="[199,314,1473,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Pygidium</emphasis>
. Punctures indistinct (
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A6411368D86CFA34FD43A6D9" box="[565,651,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EFA13FB95A505" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" box="[199,1117,1509,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EFA13FEFDA505" bold="true" box="[199,309,1509,1536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Foretibia</emphasis>
. Narrow at base, gradually widening; three denticles on outside margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EF9FFFC20A521" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" box="[199,1000,1545,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EF9FFFEF2A521" bold="true" box="[199,314,1545,1572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Aedeagus</emphasis>
. Symmetrical, with parameres flattened terminally (
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A6411368D9DDF9FCFC13A521" box="[900,987,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA6411368DA9EF9D8FD7EA569" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EF9D8FD7EA569" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EF9D8FE80A54D" bold="true" box="[199,328,1582,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Etymology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A6411368DB0EF9D8FE55A54D" authority="Deschodt &amp; Sole &amp; Scholtz, 2020" authorityName="Deschodt &amp; Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2020" box="[343,413,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Upsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">UPSA</taxonomicName>
is the international coden (or acronym) for the University of Pretoria entomological collection (
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A6411368DA87F9A4FE44A569" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[222,396,1618,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refId="ref3745" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2019) The insect and spider collections of the world website. Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / codens / (accessed 27 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Evenhuis 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA6411368DA9EF983FDD8A5B1" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EF983FDD8A5B1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EF983FE91A595" bold="true" box="[199,345,1653,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Distribution</emphasis>
. This monotypic genus is currently only known from the Alexandria forest in the
<collectingRegion id="B765F807A6411368DF5FF981FF33A5B1" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="0DB67675A6411368DB79F96CFE67A5B1" box="[288,431,1690,1716]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A6411368DBE7F96CFE37A5B1" box="[446,511,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1104,1129]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[144,1444,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the distribution of all the known Endroedyolini species with the type locality of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species in Alexandria forest. All the forests in South Africa (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006) are marked in green on the main map and major cities indicated with black circles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625854/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA6411368DA9EF948FD9AA441" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A6411368DA9EF948FD9AA441" blockId="1.[151,1437,1186,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DA9EF948FEFCA5DD" bold="true" box="[199,308,1726,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Remarks</emphasis>
. This genus looks superficially most similar to
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A6411368D911F948FAC4A5DD" authority="Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987" authorityName="Scholtz &amp; Howden" authorityYear="1987" box="[840,1292,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Outenikwanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368D911F948FC20A5DD" box="[840,1000,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Outenikwanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A6411368D9A9F948FAC4A5DD" author="Scholtz, C. H. &amp; Howden, H. F." box="[1008,1292,1726,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" pagination="75 - 119" refId="ref4042" refString="Scholtz, C. H. &amp; Howden, H. F. (1987) A revision of the southern African Ca [n] thonina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 50, 75 - 119." type="journal article" year="1987">Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A6411368DF45F948FA5CA5DC" box="[1308,1428,1726,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Fig. 2B, D</figureCitation>
) by virtue of the very wide medial separation between the metasternum and mesosternum. It can readily be separated, however, by having fewer setae and by the shape of the meso-and metasternal suture being evenly rounded whereas the suture of
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A6411368DB73F8DCFE02A441" authorityName="Scholtz &amp; Howden" authorityYear="1987" box="[298,458,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Outenikwanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A6411368DB73F8DCFE02A441" box="[298,458,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Outenikwanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is angulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
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<mods:title id="18DFA1A5AE201008679579F7F341AA29">Upsa centennial, a new genus and species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Endroedyolini) from the Southern Mistbelt forest in South Africa celebrating 100 years of entomology at the University of Pretoria</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDACEFAF5FCF2A618" blockId="2.[151,826,1282,1345]" box="[151,826,1282,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<heading id="2E568189A642136BDACEFAF5FCF2A618" bold="true" box="[151,826,1282,1309]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDACEFAF5FCF2A618" bold="true" box="[151,826,1282,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A642136BDACEFAF5FD56A618" ID-CoL="7DM72" authority="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityName="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,670,1282,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Upsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centennial" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDACEFAF5FE93A618" bold="true" box="[151,347,1282,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Upsa centennial</emphasis>
Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6578CA642136BD8F3FAF5FCF2A618" box="[682,826,1283,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA642136BDACEFAD1FE41A644" box="[151,393,1319,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDACEFAD1FE41A644" blockId="2.[151,826,1282,1345]" box="[151,393,1319,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
(
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A642136BDAC6FAD1FF25A644" box="[159,237,1319,1345]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1104,1129]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,181,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[144,1444,181,1078]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the distribution of all the known Endroedyolini species with the type locality of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species in Alexandria forest. All the forests in South Africa (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006) are marked in green on the main map and major cities indicated with black circles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625854/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A642136BDAA2FAD1FE88A644" box="[251,320,1319,1345]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">2A, C</figureCitation>
, EG)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA642136BDACEFA99FEF1A6F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDACEFA99FB67A6A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDACEFA99FE8DA68C" bold="true" box="[151,325,1390,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="C5C93CB8A642136BDB15FA99FB67A6A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2558265180" collectingDate="1987-05-12" collectionCode="TMSA" collectorName="S. Afr &amp; Endrody-Younga" location="Alexandria For. St." pageId="2" pageNumber="359" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="AA1A8847A642136BDB15FA99FE7CA68C" box="[332,436,1391,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="63A7FD6CA642136BDBE5FA99FE1CA68C" box="[444,468,1391,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="male"></specimenCount>
: “
<collectorName id="D8545333A642136BDBB3FA99FDE0A68C" box="[490,552,1391,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">S.Afr</collectorName>
;SE.
<collectingRegion id="B765F807A642136BD80AFA99FD1CA68C" box="[595,724,1391,1417]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
<location id="707E603EA642136BD8BFFA99FC7DA68C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0887F3A642136DDACEFAF5FE29A21A:707E603EA642136BD8BFFA99FC7DA68C" box="[742,949,1391,1417]" name="Alexandria For. St." pageId="2" pageNumber="359" stateProvince="Western Cape">Alexandria For.St.</location>
| 33[°].43[ʹ] S26[°].23[ʹ] E ||
<date id="011F1025A642136BDF53FA98FAB6A68C" box="[1290,1406,1390,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" value="1987-05-12">
<collectingDate id="115BE9CDA642136BDF53FA98FAB6A68C" box="[1290,1406,1390,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" value="1987-05-12">5.12.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
;E- Y:2553 | groundtraps, 2 days | leg.
<collectorName id="D8545333A642136BD845FA65FD14A6A8" box="[540,732,1427,1453]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Endrödy-Younga</collectorName>
|| groundtrap with | faeces bait” (
<collectionCode id="13B0AE20A642136BDE17FA65FB6AA6A8" box="[1102,1186,1427,1453]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">TMSA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDA9EFA41FEF1A6F0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Additional notes from Endrödy-Youngas field diary: “old indig.[enous] for.[est] on sand. Very dry cond.[itions].”</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA642136ADA9EFA08FA82A3FF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="360" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="description">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDA9EFA08FEAFA53B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDA9EFA08FDAAA51C" bold="true" box="[199,610,1534,1561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="AA1A8847A642136BDBF3FA09FDDAA51C" box="[426,530,1535,1561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, male.
</emphasis>
Body: 2.3 (maximum length with head extended) x
<quantity id="B2599B00A642136BDE99FA09FAD1A51C" box="[1216,1305,1535,1561]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
(maximum width over elytra).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDA9EF9B1FAF8A5AC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDA9EF9B1FECFA564" bold="true" box="[199,263,1607,1633]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Head</emphasis>
. Clypeus bidentate, with genae slightly protruding anteriorly to form two small denticles next to each denticle; teeth separated by almost two times their length; surface punctate with punctures close together; genal suture straight forming obtuse angle with frontoclypeal suture; frontoclypeal suture medially incomplete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDA9EF945FCDFA5F4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDA9EF945FE88A5C8" bold="true" box="[199,320,1715,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Pronotum</emphasis>
. Surface covered with small punctures, punctures sometimes bearing setae, close together; setae light brown, recurved; lateral edges somewhat explanate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDA9EF90DFE59A458" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDA9EF90DFEDBA410" bold="true" box="[199,275,1787,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Elytra</emphasis>
. Striae with punctures separated by about two puncture widths, punctures slightly larger than width of striae; interstriae with single rows of setiferous punctures with short recurved setae, punctures separated by up to eight puncture widths.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDA9EF891FB4DA4CC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDA9EF891FE10A484" bold="true" box="[199,472,1895,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Meso- and metasterna</emphasis>
. Meso- and metasterna fused, mesometasternal suture evenly curved; mesosternum punctate, medial area with fewer punctures, mesosternum about eight puncture widths wide medially; metasternum with slightly smaller punctures that are separated by about two puncture widths (
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A642136BDE46F859FBB0A4CC" box="[1055,1144,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A642136BDA9EF824FB87A4E8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1390,2029]" box="[199,1103,2002,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A642136BDA9EF824FEF2A4E8" bold="true" box="[199,314,2002,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Pygidium</emphasis>
. Indistinctly punctate with small closely arranged punctures (
<figureCitation id="ED9A2A60A642136BD9B4F825FB8AA4E8" box="[1005,1090,2003,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,517,1892]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Upsa centennial Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz, new species (A, C, EG) and Outenikwanus tomentosus Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987 (B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A643136ADA9EFF6EFAE4A3D2" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADA9EFF6EFEFDA3B6" bold="true" box="[199,309,152,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Foretibia</emphasis>
. Narrow at base and widening to two times the basal width at the first denticle; outside margin crenulate in basal half with three denticles in distal half; end of foretibia blunt with a downward pointing spur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A643136ADA9EFF16FA82A3FF" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,502]" box="[199,1354,224,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADA9EFF16FEF2A3FE" bold="true" box="[199,314,224,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Aedeagus</emphasis>
. Parameres symmetrical with terminal area flattened, similar to other Endroedyolini species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA643136ADA9EFEF3FB23A21B" box="[199,1259,260,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A643136ADA9EFEF3FB23A21B" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,502]" box="[199,1259,260,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADA9EFEF3FE86A21A" bold="true" box="[199,334,261,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Etymology.</emphasis>
This new species celebrates a century of entomology at the University of Pretoria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB656EA643136DDA9EFEDFFE29A21A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A643136ADA9EFEDFFED2A2F3" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADA9EFEDFFEFCA246" bold="true" box="[199,308,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Remarks</emphasis>
. The new genus occurs within the Southern Mistbelt group that consists of three different forest
<typeStatus id="AA1A8847A643136ADF38FEDFFA54A246" box="[1377,1436,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">types</typeStatus>
as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A643136ADB62FEBBFD96A262" author="Von Maltitz, G. &amp; Mucina, L. &amp; Geldenhuys, C. J. &amp; Lawes, M. &amp; Eeley, H. &amp; Adie, H. &amp; Vink, D. &amp; Fleming, G. &amp; Bailey, C." box="[315,606,332,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" refId="ref4092" refString="Von Maltitz, G., Mucina, L., Geldenhuys, C. J., Lawes, M., Eeley, H., Adie, H., Vink, D., Fleming, G. &amp; Bailey, C. (2003) Classification system for South African Indigenous Forests: An objective classification for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Unpublished Environmentek Report ENV-P-C 2003 - 017, CSIR, Pretoria, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Von Maltitz
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADB95FEBBFDC8A263" box="[460,512,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">et al</emphasis>
. (2003)
</bibRefCitation>
. One of these forest
<typeStatus id="AA1A8847A643136AD908FEBBFC44A262" box="[849,908,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">types</typeStatus>
comprises the Albany Coastal Mistbelt forest consisting of five isolated forest patches. These patches often cover undulating coastal plains and include Alexandria Forest (
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A643136ADB79FE63FDE6A2AA" author="Von Maltitz, G. &amp; Mucina, L. &amp; Geldenhuys, C. J. &amp; Lawes, M. &amp; Eeley, H. &amp; Adie, H. &amp; Vink, D. &amp; Fleming, G. &amp; Bailey, C." box="[288,558,404,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" refId="ref4092" refString="Von Maltitz, G., Mucina, L., Geldenhuys, C. J., Lawes, M., Eeley, H., Adie, H., Vink, D., Fleming, G. &amp; Bailey, C. (2003) Classification system for South African Indigenous Forests: An objective classification for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Unpublished Environmentek Report ENV-P-C 2003 - 017, CSIR, Pretoria, 284 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Von Maltitz
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADBE9FE63FE2AA2AB" box="[432,482,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
). Although it receives less rain than most of the other forest
<typeStatus id="AA1A8847A643136ADE85FE63FADFA2AA" box="[1244,1303,405,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">types</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A643136ADF7EFE62FE9DA2D6" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." pageId="3" pageNumber="360" refId="ref3948" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
), rain can be expected any time of the year. This forest is protected within the Addo National Park boundaries.
</paragraph>
<caption id="21DE666DA643136ADACEF881FBD3A4D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3625856" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3625856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3625856/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" startId="3.[151,250,1911,1936]" targetBox="[168,1421,530,1887]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="751E36E5A643136ADACEF881FBD3A4D2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1911,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADACEF881FEDCA495" bold="true" box="[151,276,1911,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A643136ADBC4F88FFC9DA495" authority="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityName="Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2020" box="[413,853,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Upsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centennial" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADBC4F88FFD8BA495" box="[413,579,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Upsa centennial</emphasis>
Deschodt, Sole &amp; Scholtz
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE6578CA643136AD939F88EFC12A495" box="[864,986,1911,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A, C, EG) and
<taxonomicName id="B2A14D66A643136ADECBF88EFE55A4B1" authority="Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987" authorityName="Scholtz &amp; Howden" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Outenikwanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosus">
<emphasis id="47D5EAF7A643136ADECBF88EFA54A495" box="[1170,1436,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Outenikwanus tomentosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A643136ADACEF86DFE55A4B1" author="Scholtz, C. H. &amp; Howden, H. F." box="[151,413,1947,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" pagination="75 - 119" refId="ref4042" refString="Scholtz, C. H. &amp; Howden, H. F. (1987) A revision of the southern African Ca [n] thonina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 50, 75 - 119." type="journal article" year="1987">Scholtz &amp; Howden, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(B, D). A, B, habitus, dorsal view; C, D, line diagram of the meso- and metasternum; E, aedeagus, dorsal view; F, pygidium; G, labels. Scale bar = 1.0 mm for 2AD and 0.5 mm for 2E, F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751E36E5A644136DDA9EFF6FFE29A21A" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">
The main forest patch of Alexandria forest is
<quantity id="B2599B00A644136DD880FF6FFCEAA3B6" box="[729,802,153,179]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" unit="km" value="78.0">78 km</quantity>
<superScript id="82D49BADA644136DD97BFF6EFCE2A3A3" attach="left" box="[802,810,152,166]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">2</superScript>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A644136DD962FF6FFBB2A3B1" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." box="[827,1146,153,180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" refId="ref3948" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and there are four other forest patches of the same
<typeStatus id="AA1A8847A644136DDB9CFF4BFE3DA3D2" box="[453,501,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">type</typeStatus>
that this species may possibly inhabit. On the basis of current knowledge this new species should be assessed as endangered B2ac(iv)—see
<bibRefCitation id="11304B14A644136DD979FF17FABBA3FE" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Subcommittee" box="[800,1395,225,251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" refId="ref3832" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2014) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedList- Guidelines. pdf. (accessed 27 September 2019)" type="book" year="2014">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2014)</bibRefCitation>
for an explanation of the criteria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
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<mods:title id="B2F6FD04C9BB6C9BA20EC9F7EA78B660">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B1FA2AC7EE5C0C1B3503FD753E7CB159">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="2E56A93AEC70042A1B0CF895D78B3974" bold="true" box="[832,1257,1825,1850]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1B0CF895D78B3974" bold="true" box="[832,1257,1825,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1B0CF895D7543974" bold="true" box="[832,1078,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Kramerella lunulata</emphasis>
(Haller, 1878)
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Materials examined.
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and 1 tritonymph from flight feathers of the little owl,
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1C38F8CFD67A39DD" box="[1140,1304,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Athene noctua</emphasis>
(Scopoli, 1769)
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(
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:
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),
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,
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,
<date id="011F3896EC70042A1D0EF82ED01E399C" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" value="2022-02-20">20 February 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC70042A1C89F80ED661399C" box="[1221,1283,1978,2002]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[114,193,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[113,1493,714,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-290@6.[113,1493,714,1273]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6. Kramerella species—A-B. Kramerella aluconis, male and female, C. Kramerella lunulata, male (scale bars: 100)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830307/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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Remarks. The genus
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1C09F847D7A13645" box="[1093,1219,2035,2059]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Kramerella</emphasis>
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currently includes 10 species associated with birds of the orders
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1D0BF7A7D6B63665" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1351,1492,2067,2091]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Strigiformes</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7304291835F8C5D24239C7" author="Dubinin, V. B." box="[121,288,1905,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refId="ref6391" refString="Dubinin, V. B. 1953. Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part II. Families Epidermoptidae and Freyanidae. Fauna SSSR. Paukoobraznye. Vol. 6, fasc. 6. Moscow-Leningrad, AN SSSR, 412 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1953">Dubinin, 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7304291967F8C5D2D239C7" author="Gaud, J." box="[299,432,1905,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refId="ref6840" refString="Gaud, J. 1980. Acariens Sarcoptiformes plumicoles parasites sur les oiseaux Psittaciformes, Strigiformes et Caprimulgiformes en Afrique. Tervuren: Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales Serie in 8 ° Sciences Zoologiques, Vol. 230, 106 pp. [In French]" type="book" year="1980">Gaud, 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC73042919F7F8C5D1DA39C7" author="Gaud, J. &amp; Atyeo, W. T." box="[443,696,1905,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refId="ref7004" refString="Gaud, J. and Atyeo, W. T. 1996. Feather mites of the world (Acarina, Astigmata): The supraspecific taxa (Part I). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences Zoologiques, Belgium, Vol. 277 (Part 1), 193 pp." type="book" year="1996">Gaud and Atyeo, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7304291A8FF8DBD22D39E7" author="Cerny, V. &amp; Wiesner, J." pageId="6" pageNumber="64" pagination="85 - 87" refId="ref6231" refString="Cerny, V. and Wiesner, J. 1992. Kramerella glaucidii spec. nov. (Acari, Sarcoptiformes, Kramerellidae) - eine neue Milbenart vom Sperlingskauz - Anzeiger des Vereins Thuringer Ornithologen, 1: 85 - 87. [In German]" type="journal article" year="1992">Černý and Wiesner, 1992</bibRefCitation>
). In the previous studies in Africa and Eurasia,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291898F804D2D13986" baseAuthorityName="Lonnfors" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[212,435,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Kramerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aluconis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291898F804D2D13986" box="[212,435,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Kramerella aluconis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found on
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291A17F804D1B33986" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[603,721,1968,1992]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Strix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aluco">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291A17F804D1B33986" box="[603,721,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Strix aluco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC730429183EF864D38F39A9" baseAuthorityName="Haller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[114,237,1999,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Kramerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC730429183EF864D38F39A9" box="[114,237,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">K. lunulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was formally reported from several owl species,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC73042918E2F85AD1713648" authority="(Scopoli, 1769)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[174,531,2030,2054]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Athene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctua">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC73042918E2F85AD2313648" box="[174,339,2030,2054]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Athene noctua</emphasis>
(Scopoli, 1769)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291A6FF85AD2693668" authority="(Temminck, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Bubo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291A6FF85AD1D73648" box="[547,693,2030,2054]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Bubo lacteus</emphasis>
(Temminck, 1820)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291955F7BAD13F366B" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[281,605,2061,2085]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Otus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scops">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291955F7BAD2EF366B" box="[281,397,2062,2085]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Otus scops</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291AD1F7BAD09739C7" authority="(Scopoli, 1769)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[669,1013,1905,2085]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291AD1F7BAD065366B" box="[669,775,2061,2085]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Tyto alba</emphasis>
(Scopoli, 1769)
</taxonomicName>
, as was summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7304291D69F8C5D6B039C7" author="Philips, J. R." box="[1317,1490,1905,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" pagination="210 - 231" refId="ref8894" refString="Philips, J. R. 2000. A review and checklist of the parasitic mites (Acarina) of the Falconiformes and Strigiformes. Journal of Raptor Research, 34 (3): 210 - 231." type="journal article" year="2000">Philips (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. However, all subspecies, formerly recognized in
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291D27F825D0353989" baseAuthorityName="Haller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Kramerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291D27F825D0353989" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">K. lunulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and restricted to particular genera of owls (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7304291D3DF804D01F39A9" author="Dubinin, V. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refId="ref6391" refString="Dubinin, V. B. 1953. Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part II. Families Epidermoptidae and Freyanidae. Fauna SSSR. Paukoobraznye. Vol. 6, fasc. 6. Moscow-Leningrad, AN SSSR, 412 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1953">Dubinin, 1953</bibRefCitation>
), at present are considered full species (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7304291DDDF87BD01C3649" author="Gaud, J." pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refId="ref6840" refString="Gaud, J. 1980. Acariens Sarcoptiformes plumicoles parasites sur les oiseaux Psittaciformes, Strigiformes et Caprimulgiformes en Afrique. Tervuren: Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales Serie in 8 ° Sciences Zoologiques, Vol. 230, 106 pp. [In French]" type="book" year="1980">Gaud, 1980</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, the reports of
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291CFEF85BD6493648" baseAuthorityName="Haller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[1202,1323,2030,2054]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Kramerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291CFEF85BD6493648" box="[1202,1323,2030,2054]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">K. lunulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on hosts other than owls of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7304291C01F7B9D7F9366B" authorityName="F. Boie" authorityYear="1822" box="[1101,1179,2061,2085]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Athene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7304291C01F7B9D7F9366B" box="[1101,1179,2061,2085]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="64">Athene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, quite probabaly represent records of other
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281977FF27D1793EE5" box="[315,539,147,171]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Kramerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281977FF27D2DB3EE5" box="[315,441,147,171]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Kramerella</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281A69FF27D0653EE5" baseAuthorityName="Lonnfors" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[549,775,147,171]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Kramerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aluconis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281A69FF27D0653EE5" box="[549,775,147,171]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Kramerella aluconis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC72042818DBFF07D3893E84" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,235,178,202]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Strix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aluco">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC72042818DBFF07D3893E84" box="[151,235,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">S. aluco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC720428196BFF07D2C33E84" baseAuthorityName="Haller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[295,417,178,202]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Kramerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC720428196BFF07D2C33E84" box="[295,417,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">K. lunulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on its
<typeStatus id="AA1AA0F4EC72042819BEFF07D1463E85" box="[498,548,179,203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
host,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281A20FF07D1B63E84" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[620,724,179,202]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Athene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctua">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281A20FF07D1B63E84" box="[620,724,179,202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">A. noctua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are reported herein for the first time in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A44FF66D1013EA4" box="[520,611,210,234]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
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<mods:title id="9254ADD06D47C6AFDEA270FCE1F87BF1">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6252FAE1915928BCD617C3E8E921AD34">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="208A57AC3E96F6AEFC1AEB1E39A441E2">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="14F8816E520ABCB9CF6428332A689A69">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45572198A24F2BE612673EC3845A09CB">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="80E6568894E97AA792F55ACF0CC147AB">Mironov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FCA4361B1F0FF21648F602302D30EFBB">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D93EEE89B654B2F9F7601E58D1AF3F77">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3F11A4A1BA66B6B417649662B8353317">Acarological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CC17D927A2FFB0AC0F245B9188924A70">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="FD08AF40EC70042A183EF939D7AE3BF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10377834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10377834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD08AF40EC70042A183EF939D7AE3BF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD08AF40EC70042A183EF939D7AE3BF4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC70042A183EF939D16638E8" box="[114,516,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC70042A183EF939D16638E8" blockId="5.[114,516,1677,1703]" box="[114,516,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC70042A183EF939D16638E8" bold="true" box="[114,516,1677,1703]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A183EF939D16638E8" authority="(Robin, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Robin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[114,516,1677,1703]" class="Arachnida" family="Gabuciniidae" genus="Gabucinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delibata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A183EF939D16638E8" bold="true" box="[114,516,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A183EF939D23738E8" bold="true" box="[114,341,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Gabucinia delibata</emphasis>
(Robin, 1877)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC70042A183EF97DD7AE3BF4" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC70042A183EF97DD1D03970" blockId="5.[114,775,1737,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC70042A1922F97DD2BB38AF" box="[366,473,1737,1761]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and 1 tritonymph from flight feathers of the hooded crow,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1A43F95CD3B73951" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornix">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1A43F95CD1C538B1" box="[527,679,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Corvus cornix</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A18AAF8B3D2EC3951" box="[230,398,1799,1823]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A19D7F8B3D1673951" box="[411,517,1799,1823]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC70042A1A55F8B3D1163951" box="[537,628,1799,1823]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC70042A1ACDF8B3D1BE3951" box="[641,732,1799,1823]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC70042A1AA5F8B3D27E3971" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" value="2022-02-22">22 February 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC70042A1A2AF892D1C63970" box="[614,676,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[114,193,663,687]" captionTargetBox="[123,1496,151,644]" captionTargetId="figure-288@6.[113,1506,140,655]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Gabucinia delibata—A. Female, B. Tritonymph (scale bars: 100)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830305/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC70042A183EF8D4D7AE3BF4" blockId="5.[114,776,1888,2100]" lastBlockId="5.[832,1494,1380,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
Remarks. All three presently known species of the genus
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A183EF834D27B39D9" box="[114,281,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A183EF834D38339D6" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1905" box="[114,225,1920,1944]" class="Arachnida" family="Gabuciniidae" genus="Gabucinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gabucinia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1954F834D1B339D6" authority="(Robin, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Robin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[280,721,1920,1944]" class="Arachnida" family="Gabuciniidae" genus="Gabucinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delibata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1954F834D29C39D6" box="[280,510,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Gabucinia delibata</emphasis>
(Robin, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1ABEF834D2C439F9" authority="Gaud, 1960" authorityName="Gaud" authorityYear="1960" class="Arachnida" family="Gabuciniidae" genus="Gabucinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiscapulata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1ABEF834D27439F9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">G. gladiscapulata</emphasis>
Gaud, 1960
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A19A9F82BD3CF3998" authority="Hernandes, 2020" authorityName="Hernandes" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Gabuciniidae" genus="Gabucinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A19A9F82BD11939F8" box="[485,635,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">G. neotropica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC70042A1AC9F82BD3CF3998" author="Hernandes, F. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref7358" refString="Hernandes, F. A. 2020. A review of the feather mite family Gabuciniidae Gaud &amp; Atyeo (Acariformes: Astigmata: Pterolichoidea) of Brazil, with descriptions of eleven new species. Zootaxa, 4747 (1): 1 - 53. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Hernandes, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
— are associated with crows
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1A7DF80AD1F53998" box="[561,663,1982,2006]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1AFCF80AD3AE39BB" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC70042A18AAF869D28339B8" author="Mironov, S. &amp; Literak, I. &amp; Sychra, O. &amp; Capek, M." box="[230,481,2013,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" pagination="568 - 579" refId="ref8278" refString="Mironov, S., Literak, I., Sychra, O. and Capek, M. 2014. Two new species of the feather mite family Gabuciniidae (Acariformes: Pterolichoidea) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae). Acta Parasitologica, 59 (4): 568 - 579. doi: 10.2478 / s 11686 - 014 - 0287 - 2" type="journal article" year="2014">Mironov et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A19B5F869D1AC39BB" baseAuthorityName="Robin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[505,718,2013,2037]" class="Arachnida" family="Gabuciniidae" genus="Gabucinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delibata">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A19B5F869D1AC39BB" box="[505,718,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Gabucinia delibata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been reported so far on hosts belonging to the genera
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A183EF7A8D3DF367D" box="[114,189,2076,2099]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A183EF7A8D3DF367D" box="[114,189,2076,2099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Corvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A189EF7A8D245367A" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[210,295,2076,2100]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Coloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A189EF7A8D245367A" box="[210,295,2076,2100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Coloeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1934F7A9D2C5367A" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1760" box="[376,423,2077,2100]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1934F7A9D2C5367A" box="[376,423,2077,2100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Pica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
across the Holarctic region (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC70042A1B0BFAD0D70A3B32" author="Negm, M. W. &amp; Hassan, H. M." box="[839,1128,1380,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref8552" refString="Negm, M. W. and Hassan, H. M. 2019. Redescription of the feather mite Gabucinia delibata (Robin, 1877) (Astigmata: Gabuciniidae), newly recorded from the hooded crow, Corvus cornix (Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Corvidae) in Egypt. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 80 (1): 1 - 6. doi: 10.1186 / s 41936 - 019 - 0091 - 5" type="journal article" year="2019">Negm and Hassan, 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC70042A1C3BFAD0D6223B32" author="Hernandes, F. A." box="[1143,1344,1380,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref7358" refString="Hernandes, F. A. 2020. A review of the feather mite family Gabuciniidae Gaud &amp; Atyeo (Acariformes: Astigmata: Pterolichoidea) of Brazil, with descriptions of eleven new species. Zootaxa, 4747 (1): 1 - 53. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Hernandes, 2020</bibRefCitation>
); in the present study, it is reported on the hooded crow,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1DC6FA30D0E73BF4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornix">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1DC6FA30D0E73BF4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Corvus cornix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for the first time in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC70042A1C20FA16D7A53BF4" box="[1132,1223,1442,1466]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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<mods:title id="3E3B3E2B601B5BBE3775D480421009AD">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDD8C71B379C129C9F9AB459472DC10A">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="55809778C1B5C5214BFBD0895221F07A">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A6600EDD52805D0AA423FD3F43D2DFC9">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C0F6132250665FBD57DE60452346BEE4">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="741B764AFF992EF5C57798BC7ED405F8">Mironov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D7944CECF251D1973BA2F4F53CFAD89">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1B0CF9FBD7563826" bold="true" box="[832,1076,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Kramerella aluconis</emphasis>
(Lönnfors, 1937)
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Materials examined.
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and
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from flight feathers of the tawny owl,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1CD8F91ED6B7388F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1172,1493,1705,1729]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Strix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aluco">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1CD8F91ED672388F" box="[1172,1296,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Strix aluco</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(
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:
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),
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,
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,
<date id="011F3896EC70042A1D53F97DD6B238AF" box="[1311,1488,1737,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" value="2022-03-22">22 March 2022</date>
, coll. G. Eren (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC70042A1C2DF95CD7FD394E" box="[1121,1183,1768,1792]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[114,193,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[113,1493,714,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-290@6.[113,1493,714,1273]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6. Kramerella species—A-B. Kramerella aluconis, male and female, C. Kramerella lunulata, male (scale bars: 100)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830307/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
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@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
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<heading id="2E56A93AEC71042B1B0CF948D798395B" bold="true" box="[832,1274,1788,1813]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1B0CF948D798395B" authority="(Michael, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Michael" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[832,1274,1788,1813]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" genus="Michaelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acari" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteropus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1B0CF948D798395B" bold="true" box="[832,1274,1788,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1B0CF948D751395B" bold="true" box="[832,1075,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Michaelia heteropus</emphasis>
(Michael, 1881)
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Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1C7BF88CD7F6391E" box="[1079,1172,1848,1872]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1C9BF88CD628391E" box="[1239,1354,1848,1872]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the great cormorant,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1CA9F8E3D76C39C0" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbo">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1CA9F8E3D6B73921" box="[1253,1493,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Phalacrocorax carbo</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1C64F8C2D7BC39C0" box="[1064,1246,1910,1934]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Pelecaniformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1CBFF8C2D6AB39C0" box="[1267,1481,1910,1934]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phalacrocoracidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC71042B1B0CF822D0F939E0" box="[832,923,1942,1966]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1BE0F821D76539E3" box="[940,1031,1941,1965]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC71042B1C5BF822D78139E0" box="[1047,1251,1942,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2022-01-19">19 January 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC71042B1BE1F801D08F3983" box="[941,1005,1973,1997]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[114,193,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[114,1475,814,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-503@5.[114,1475,814,1314]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Michaelia heteropus—A. Male, B. Female (scale bars: 200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830303/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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Remarks. The genus
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1C08F85BD7D23649" box="[1092,1200,2031,2055]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Michaelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes five described species, and all of them are associated with cormorants (
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1946FAD0D2BC3B32" box="[266,478,1380,1404]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phalacrocoracidae</taxonomicName>
) in Africa, America, Asia, and Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC70042A1944FA37D2D13BD5" author="Dubinin, V. B." box="[264,435,1411,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" refId="ref6391" refString="Dubinin, V. B. 1953. Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part II. Families Epidermoptidae and Freyanidae. Fauna SSSR. Paukoobraznye. Vol. 6, fasc. 6. Moscow-Leningrad, AN SSSR, 412 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1953">Dubinin, 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC70042A198CFA37D1A73BD5" author="Gaud, J. &amp; Atyeo, W. T." box="[448,709,1411,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" pagination="177 - 187" refId="ref6962" refString="Gaud, J. and Atyeo, W. T. 1982. The feather mite family Freyanidae, Dubinin. 2. The subfamily Michaeliinae. Acarologia, 23 (2): 177 - 187. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1982">Gaud and Atyeo, 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC70042A1A9FFA30D2363BF4" author="Hernandes, F. A. &amp; Mironov, S. V. &amp; Bauchan, G. R. &amp; Ochoa, R. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="63" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref7412" refString="Hernandes, F. A., Mironov, S. V., Bauchan, G. R. and Ochoa, R. A. 2016. A new asymmetrical feather mite of the genus Michaelia Trouessart, 1884 (Astigmata: Freyanidae) from the Neotropical Cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Pelecaniformes). Acarologia, 56 (1): 45 - 61. doi: 10.1051 / acarologia / 20162187" type="journal article" year="2016">Hernandes et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In the present study,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A1A2BFA16D3DF3B97" baseAuthorityName="Michael" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" genus="Michaelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acari" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteropus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A1A2BFA16D3DF3B97" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Michaelia heteropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the great cormorant,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC70042A19BAFA75D1803B97" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[502,738,1473,1497]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbo">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC70042A19BAFA75D1803B97" box="[502,738,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Phalacrocorax carbo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is reported for the first time in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC70042A19F4FA55D1713BB7" box="[440,531,1505,1529]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
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Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B192BFA51D2A63BB2" box="[359,452,1508,1533]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the common swift,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B196DF9B0D13E3855" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[289,604,1539,1563]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B196DF9B0D2F33855" box="[289,401,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Apus apus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A26F9B7D0663855" box="[618,772,1539,1563]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Apodiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B183EF997D3803875" box="[114,226,1571,1595]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Apodidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC71042B18B8F997D22D3875" box="[244,335,1571,1595]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1916F997D2D73875" box="[346,437,1571,1595]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC71042B198CF997D1353875" box="[448,599,1571,1595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2022-05-10">10 May 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC71042B1944F9F6D2243814" box="[264,326,1602,1626]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[114,193,699,723]" captionTargetBox="[123,1464,150,683]" captionTargetId="figure-501@5.[113,1474,140,693]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mites of the family Eustathiidae—A. Chauliacia securigera, male, B. Neochauliacia minuscula, male, C. Eustathia cultrifera, male (scale bars: 100)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830299/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC71042B183EF9C8D20B3983" blockId="4.[114,775,1660,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B193FF9C8D2BC38DA" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1905" box="[371,478,1660,1684]" class="Arachnida" family="Eustathiidae" genus="Eustathia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B193FF9C8D2BC38DA" box="[371,478,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Eustathia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes nine described species associated with birds of the order
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A19F92FD18B38FD" box="[597,745,1691,1715]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Apodiformes</taxonomicName>
in the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New World (North America and South America). In the previous studies conducted in world,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B19B4F94DD1B7395F" baseAuthorityName="Robin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[504,725,1785,1809]" class="Arachnida" family="Eustathiidae" genus="Eustathia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cultrifera">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B19B4F94DD1B7395F" box="[504,725,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Eustathia cultrifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported on the African black swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A13F8ADD063397E" baseAuthorityName="P. L. Sclater" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[607,769,1816,1840]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1A13F8ADD063397E" box="[607,769,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Apus barbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the common swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1907F88CD2DE3901" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[331,444,1848,1871]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1907F88CD2DE3901" box="[331,444,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Apus apus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the little swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A39F88CD1B6391E" baseAuthorityName="J. E. Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[629,724,1848,1872]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1A39F88CD1B6391E" box="[629,724,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the white-rumped swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1912F8E3D2823921" baseAuthorityName="M.H.K.Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[350,480,1879,1903]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cafferhas">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1912F8E3D2823921" box="[350,480,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. cafferhas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Horus swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1AEBF8E3D0633921" baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[679,769,1879,1903]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1AEBF8E3D0633921" box="[679,769,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. horus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Pacific swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1904F8C2D2AF39C0" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[328,461,1910,1934]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1904F8C2D2AF39C0" box="[328,461,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and alpine swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1AF7F8C2D20D39E3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Tachymarptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melba" subGenus="Apus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1AF7F8C2D3AB39E3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Tachymarptis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1892F822D27639E3" box="[222,276,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Apus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1967F821D20D39E3" box="[299,367,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">melba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
been reported (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1A7BF822D06039E0" author="Kwanyuen, P." box="[567,770,1942,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refId="ref7802" refString="Kwanyuen, P. 1973. A taxonomic revision of the feather mite family Eustathiidae (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Youngstown State University, 163 pp." type="book" year="1973">Kwanyuen, 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Peterson et al., 1980).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
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<mods:title id="BD7F656E8ED093604FE1E22EE695E111">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="93FB6E9DA35F68146DE5B2A6DB34000A">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C3F5A03A7EE04170121762D6DD07133C">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="18C22EE4146807ACAA0B2B9721E2CADC">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CA8B47DA03D0847818F1F1904ACEAE75">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC71042B183EFCBFD1453D6B" box="[114,551,779,805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC71042B183EFCBFD1453D6B" blockId="4.[114,551,779,805]" box="[114,551,779,805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC71042B183EFCBFD1453D6B" bold="true" box="[114,551,779,805]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B183EFCBFD1453D6B" authority="(Robin, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Robin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[114,551,779,805]" class="Arachnida" family="Eustathiidae" genus="Chauliacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securigera">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B183EFCBFD1453D6B" bold="true" box="[114,551,779,805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B183EFCBFD21A3D6B" bold="true" box="[114,376,779,805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Chauliacia securigera</emphasis>
(Robin, 1877)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B192BFCF3D2A63D11" box="[359,452,839,863]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the common swift,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B196DFCD2D13E3D30" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[289,604,870,894]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B196DFCD2D2F33D30" box="[289,401,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Apus apus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A26FCD2D0663D30" box="[618,772,870,894]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Apodiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B183EFC31D3803DD3" box="[114,226,901,925]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Apodidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC71042B18B8FC31D22D3DD3" box="[244,335,901,925]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1916FC31D2D73DD3" box="[346,437,901,925]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC71042B198CFC31D1353DD3" box="[448,599,901,926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2022-05-10">10 May 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC71042B1944FC11D2243DF3" box="[264,326,933,957]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[114,193,699,723]" captionTargetBox="[123,1464,150,683]" captionTargetId="figure-501@5.[113,1474,140,693]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Mites of the family Eustathiidae—A. Chauliacia securigera, male, B. Neochauliacia minuscula, male, C. Eustathia cultrifera, male (scale bars: 100)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830299/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC71042B183EFC6BD18B3B01" blockId="4.[114,776,991,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B193AFC6BD28E3DB9" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1905" box="[374,492,991,1015]" class="Arachnida" family="Eustathiidae" genus="Chauliacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B193AFC6BD28E3DB9" box="[374,492,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Chauliacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes six described species associated with birds of the order
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A19FC4AD18B3A58" box="[597,745,1022,1046]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Apodiformes</taxonomicName>
in the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New World (North America and South America). In the previous studies conducted in world,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B19B2FBE8D1F23A3D" baseAuthorityName="Robin" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[510,656,1116,1139]" class="Arachnida" family="Eustathiidae" genus="Chauliacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securigera">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B19B2FBE8D1F23A3D" box="[510,656,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">C. securigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported on the common swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B19B2FBCFD1173ADD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[510,629,1147,1171]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B19B2FBCFD1173ADD" box="[510,629,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Apus apus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the white-rumped swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B195DFB2ED20E3AFC" baseAuthorityName="M. H. K. Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[273,364,1178,1202]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caffer">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B195DFB2ED20E3AFC" box="[273,364,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. caffer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Horus swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A62FB2ED1EA3AFC" baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[558,648,1178,1202]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1A62FB2ED1EA3AFC" box="[558,648,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. horus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Pacific swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B18FBFB0ED25B3A9C" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[183,313,1210,1234]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B18FBFB0ED25B3A9C" box="[183,313,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pallid swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A5DFB0ED1EB3A9F" baseAuthorityName="Shelley" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[529,649,1209,1233]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1A5DFB0ED1EB3A9F" box="[529,649,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the plain swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B18FBFB6DD2513ABF" baseAuthorityName="Jardine" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[183,307,1241,1265]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B18FBFB6DD2513ABF" box="[183,307,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. unicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the African palm swift
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1AD7FB6DD3DF3B5E" baseAuthorityName="M. H. K. Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Cypsiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1AD7FB6DD3DF3B5E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Cypsiurus parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B189CFB4CD2F83B5E" author="Kwanyuen, P." box="[208,410,1272,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refId="ref7802" refString="Kwanyuen, P. 1973. A taxonomic revision of the feather mite family Eustathiidae (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Youngstown State University, 163 pp." type="book" year="1973">Kwanyuen, 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Peterson et al., 1980). In the present study, three eustathiid species detected on
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1ABEFAACD3C43B00" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1ABEFAACD3C43B00" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. apus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are new records for feather mite fauna in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1AC6FA83D1873B01" box="[650,741,1335,1359]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
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Family
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Remarks. The family
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is restricted to swifts (
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1835FE2BD2713FF9" box="[121,275,415,439]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Apodiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1951FE2BD2E83FF9" box="[285,394,415,439]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Apodidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B198FFE2BD11A3FF9" authorityName="Oberholser" authorityYear="1906" box="[451,632,415,439]" class="Aves" family="Hemiprocnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hemiprocnidae</taxonomicName>
). Up to now, this family has included 63 described species in 16 genera (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1835FE69D2223FBB" author="Kwanyuen, P." box="[121,320,477,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refId="ref7802" refString="Kwanyuen, P. 1973. A taxonomic revision of the feather mite family Eustathiidae (Acarina: Sarcoptiformes). Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Youngstown State University, 163 pp." type="book" year="1973">Kwanyuen, 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Peterson et al., 1980). In studies conducted so far, three aforementioned eusththiid species,
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,
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B192DFDA8D1343C7A" box="[353,598,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Chauliacia securigera</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1A24FDA8D3863C1D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Neochauliacia minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and also
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1915FD8FD12C3C1D" box="[345,590,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Thysanocercus cypseli</emphasis>
(Canestrini and Berlese, 1881)
</taxonomicName>
(
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:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B19F4FDEED11E3C3C" box="[440,636,602,626]" class="Arachnida" family="Thysanocercidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thysanocercidae</taxonomicName>
) are known to be common on
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1905FDCED2D93CDF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[329,443,634,657]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" genus="Apus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1905FDCED2D93CDF" box="[329,443,634,657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Apus apus</emphasis>
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(
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; Peterson et al., 1980;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B18B6FD2DD1783CFF" author="Gaud, J. &amp; Peterson, P." box="[250,538,665,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" pagination="265 - 275" refId="ref7105" refString="Gaud, J. and Peterson, P. 1987. Especes Africaines du genre Thysanocercus Gaud, 1957 (Alloptidae, Thysanocercinae). Acarologia, 28: 265 - 275. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1987">Gaud and Peterson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
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<mods:namePart id="32B4E8242C290E4135637E60998F6191">Nisbet, Hatice Özlem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="26FC23ED7D4F9D76A1918434FD4E589D">Department of Wild Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E840E5F32C93EA28B82264D81AFAE4EA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C3FBD6A83307808600366097D721C639">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BF41ADCE9D501C305486F3D8C05E0A49">Açici, Mustafa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EE790420357DECD28F030B166CD2F39A">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="00A947D1DD5C331CA8B57F241DCDBDD6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5553BE76955E0016780B73938F439AF3">
<mods:title id="093035F8CAB030BE2DCC5984F3CD77E5">Acarological Studies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C1CF867AE7F49A0957904029C72DF392">
<mods:date id="330687CB1FD74AF0F312E82A0C44869B">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="317047FF7DDCA9A93CAB26941684911D">2023-07-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="3993BF4491C7C8D1CBDFC5BAF5A83D5F">5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="10B18D23FCF8F64727C0899EAD36A9E2">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2A8B8B812040231CF1F54A52ADEA4E98">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C1A4829F2AFC1E0282E038DFD755A6FB" type="DOI">10.47121/acarolstud.1244323</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="58F09BEB4F7AC195A61739D8E71480F2" type="ISSN">2667-5684</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="FD08AF40EC71042B1B0CFD66D6173860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10377828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10377828" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD08AF40EC71042B1B0CFD66D6173860" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD08AF40EC71042B1B0CFD66D6173860" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC71042B1B0CFD66D6603CA5" box="[832,1282,722,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC71042B1B0CFD66D6603CA5" blockId="4.[832,1282,722,747]" box="[832,1282,722,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC71042B1B0CFD66D6603CA5" bold="true" box="[832,1282,722,747]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1B0CFD66D6603CA5" authority="(Buchholz, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[832,1282,722,747]" class="Arachnida" family="Falculiferidae" genus="Falculifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1B0CFD66D6603CA5" bold="true" box="[832,1282,722,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1B0CFD66D74A3CA5" bold="true" box="[832,1064,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Falculifer rostratus</emphasis>
(Buchholz, 1869)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC71042B1B0CFCB9D6173860" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC71042B1B0CFCB9D7CF3A50" blockId="4.[832,1494,781,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1C7BFCB9D7F63D6B" box="[1079,1172,781,805]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1C9BFCB9D6283D6B" box="[1239,1354,781,805]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the rock pigeon
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1CDDFC98D6B73D0A" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[1169,1493,812,836]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livia">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1CDDFC98D64F3D0A" box="[1169,1325,812,836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Columba livia</emphasis>
Gmelin, 1789
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1B0BFCFFD09E3D2D" box="[839,1020,843,867]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Columbiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1C41FCFFD7FB3D2D" box="[1037,1177,843,867]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Columbidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC71042B1CFDFCFFD7993D2D" box="[1201,1275,843,867]" country="Turkey" name="Artvin" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Artvin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1D40FCFFD6053D2D" box="[1292,1383,843,867]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC71042B1D34FCF8D01E3DCD" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2022-06-14">14 June 2022</date>
, coll. G. Eren;
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1C6DFCDFD7193DCD" box="[1057,1147,875,899]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1CFAFCDFD6463DCD" box="[1206,1316,875,899]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
from the same host species,
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC71042B1B95FC3ED7563DEC" box="[985,1076,906,930]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1C73FC3ED7F83DEC" box="[1087,1178,906,930]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC71042B1CEAFC3ED61A3DEC" box="[1190,1400,906,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2022-02-22">22 February 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk;
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1BD1FC1DD0953D8F" box="[925,1015,937,961]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC71042B1C7EFC1DD7C23D8F" box="[1074,1184,937,961]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the Eurasian collared dove,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1C25FC7CD0AA3A4E" authority="(Frivaldszky, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Frivaldszky" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Streptopelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaocto">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1C25FC7CD6003DAE" box="[1129,1378,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Streptopelia decaocto</emphasis>
(Frivaldszky, 1838)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1B97FC5CD7F23A4E" box="[987,1168,1000,1024]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Columbiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1CD3FC5CD6493A4E" box="[1183,1323,1000,1024]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Columbidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC71042B1D0EFC5CD6FC3A4E" box="[1346,1438,1000,1024]" country="Turkey" name="Sakarya" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Sakarya</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1DE1FC5CD01E3A51" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC71042B1BCAFBB3D7753A51" box="[902,1047,1031,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" value="2022-07-20">20 July 2022</date>
, coll. G. Eren.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC71042B1B0CFBF5D6173860" blockId="4.[832,1494,1089,1582]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1C04FBF5D7D03A17" authorityName="Railliet" authorityYear="1896" box="[1096,1202,1089,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Falculiferidae" genus="Falculifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1C04FBF5D7D03A17" box="[1096,1202,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Falculifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes ten described species associated with birds of the order
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1D69FBD4D6B63A36" box="[1317,1492,1120,1144]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Columbiformes</taxonomicName>
in the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New World (North America, South America, and the West Indies) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1BC2FB0AD73C3A98" author="Trouessart, E. L." box="[910,1118,1214,1238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" pagination="289 - 292" refId="ref9049" refString="Trouessart, E. L. 1898. Diagnoses preliminaires d'especes nouvelles de Sarcoptides plumicoles [Acar.]. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 3 (15): 289 - 292. [In French] doi: 10.3406 / bsef. 1898.22236" type="journal article" year="1898">Trouessart, 1898</bibRefCitation>
; Gaud, 1976;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1D40FB0AD01F3ABB" author="Gaud, J. &amp; Atyeo, W. T." pageId="4" pageNumber="62" pagination="329 - 344" refId="ref6925" refString="Gaud, J. and Atyeo, W. T. 1976. Discordances between geographical distribution areas of feather Sarcoptiform mites and their hosts. Acarologia, 18 (2): 329 - 344." type="journal article" year="1976">Gaud and Atyeo, 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1BC3FB69D7C03AB8" author="Gaud, J. &amp; Barre, N." box="[911,1186,1245,1270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" pagination="367 - 375" refId="ref7060" refString="Gaud, J. and Barre, N. 1992. Falculiferidae (Astigmata, Pterolichoidea) parasites des oiseaux columbiformes des Antilles. II. Le genre Falculifer. Acarologia, 33 (4): 367 - 375. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1992">Gaud and Barré, 1992</bibRefCitation>
). In the previous studies conducted in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1BABFB48D7203B5A" box="[999,1090,1276,1300]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1C1FFB48D64D3B5A" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1107,1327,1276,1300]" class="Arachnida" family="Falculiferidae" genus="Falculifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1C1FFB48D64D3B5A" box="[1107,1327,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Falculifer rostratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported on the rock pigeons,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1CCAFAA8D67C3B7A" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[1158,1310,1308,1332]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livia">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1CCAFAA8D67C3B7A" box="[1158,1310,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Columba livia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and its domestic form,
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1BE5FA88D7253B1D" box="[937,1095,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">C. l. domestica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1C1BFA8FD62C3B1D" author="Eren, G. &amp; ACici, M." box="[1111,1358,1339,1363]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" pagination="21 - 27" refId="ref6535" refString="Eren, G. and ACici, M. 2022. A contribution to avian ectoparasite fauna of Turkey: the reports of feather mites and tick on the Great tit (Parus major L.). Acarological Studies, 4 (1): 21 - 27. doi: 10.47121 / acarolstud. 970440" type="journal article" year="2022">Eren and AÇıcı, 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The Eurasian collared dove
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1C65FAEED67D3B3C" baseAuthorityName="Frivaldszky" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1065,1311,1370,1394]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Streptopelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaocto">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1C65FAEED67D3B3C" box="[1065,1311,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Streptopelia decaocto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new host record for
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1B89FACDD7C23BDF" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[965,1184,1401,1425]" class="Arachnida" family="Falculiferidae" genus="Falculifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1B89FACDD7C23BDF" box="[965,1184,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Falculifer rostratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1C83FACDD6483BDF" box="[1231,1322,1401,1425]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
, although formerly it was reported from doves
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1C92FA2DD6C23BFE" box="[1246,1440,1433,1457]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Streptopelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1C92FA2DD6043BFF" box="[1246,1382,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Streptopelia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and pigeons
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1BEDFA0CD7593B9E" box="[929,1083,1464,1488]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1BEDFA0CD7613B9E" box="[929,1027,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Columba</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
in the Africa (
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1CAEFA0CD6443B9E" box="[1250,1318,1464,1488]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Egypt</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1D2FFA0CD6A83B9E" box="[1379,1482,1464,1488]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Morocco</collectingCountry>
), America (
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1BE1FA63D0963BA1" box="[941,1012,1495,1519]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1BB2FA63D75B3BA1" box="[1022,1081,1495,1519]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Chile</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1C38FA63D6F03BA1" box="[1140,1426,1495,1519]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">United States of America</collectingCountry>
), Asia (
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1B0BFA43D0EE3841" box="[839,908,1527,1551]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1BE8FA43D0823841" box="[932,992,1527,1551]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1BBBFA43D75E3840" box="[1015,1084,1527,1550]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Korea</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1CDDFA43D7823841" box="[1169,1248,1527,1551]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Russia</collectingCountry>
), Europe (
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1D21FA43D6B33841" box="[1389,1489,1527,1551]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1B0CF9A3D0ED3860" box="[832,911,1559,1582]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1BD5F9A2D0853860" box="[921,999,1558,1582]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Greece</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC71042B1C51F9A2D7313860" box="[1053,1107,1558,1582]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Italy</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1C25F9A2D60A3860" author="Gaud, J. &amp; Atyeo, W. T." box="[1129,1384,1558,1582]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" pagination="329 - 344" refId="ref6925" refString="Gaud, J. and Atyeo, W. T. 1976. Discordances between geographical distribution areas of feather Sarcoptiform mites and their hosts. Acarologia, 18 (2): 329 - 344." type="journal article" year="1976">Gaud and Atyeo, 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
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<mods:namePart id="C0316E28FB3C54C6727BCDCB1E5639E2">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FF88E78CE3295D75B97B6505BDBF6537">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F7D0B8D1DEE00184909EBDE5FD05A790" type="email">gokhaneren54@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="379ADB24D50C79448B871764FF39CD8D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4FE170985F0A01769F1B6DC2090EAFCC">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3462B36A23C86506AD3782355F21ECC3">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CDB355B63E94613E25FDCDB057883ACA">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F25363CFAF82AE4C19667C5E97BC645E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C6768A4E08A58BD41DA9B0948BBD90D5">
<mods:roleTerm id="C340D06BB87987CE5C4536D9BCC2F848">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8D93C3DF115B40B38CFE4E003071B646">Mironov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1BDA7C3426ECED13C2D75AE809EB10F8">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B0EB84D27FDCD1DD826601D7916659A6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="068B9C5528E5E20F7108B296F92570DB">
<mods:roleTerm id="1E33BEECCBEEBB928CD96FB9710145A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="931320D20CA51660456C7CC05BD05C8E">Nisbet, Hatice Özlem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F479952C920E845AFDA7A9F0C46088A2">Department of Wild Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A4265CD2D2B8115A774C282181E08528" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F01F7FCFEFBCEC5F690129D2D5CF0D13">
<mods:roleTerm id="A413A3A6A8A7C3F307F11A49AFE961A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1A64C795B8E1E91A9E49DE8F2E9EEF22">Açici, Mustafa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E9666F81BD569D73603667896505E442">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A56B8D2D17582A569122D77EE9611D25">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1DCCD1DD65A32588EC4A4ED44D8F0F8C">
<mods:title id="EFC6D5C39AE2322D00191C9D20447B23">Acarological Studies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5AA3366155BAE47B473219D5D58AA569">
<mods:date id="994B6F4DBA6B29C6C90D5F90F1008AD9">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D52764F2B506144B375CC3790004728E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="02956D81723CCE43DD478A5CA9117720">2023-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="50C15B8D5E7E11BDB680D67E8DD00C37" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8BD1636510AF8E73CA3BF163372B218B">5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FCAC0B692BE5EFDF96711BFB0D102156" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C5AE56F772056733CFE443592DC00D69">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="781802A0F72DB60AFBCAD359D2CC6B63" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A21FF7D0A440B7F47030E3E5D42785C5">58</mods:start>
<mods:end id="61CC150EFD03522C185728C8C3E9C4CF">68</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="9D25077F6C9E8217F2B45F290FA9877D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5C5039613178FC6C9E4E6F298E8AF1FC" type="DOI">10.47121/acarolstud.1244323</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E699C8935FB3701475A01B45E56C9C6C" type="ISSN">2667-5684</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AF9C0F6657D10922A541E26534CDE9D8" type="Zenodo-Dep">10830293</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="FD08AF40EC720428183EFE0CD7933E85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD08AF40EC720428183EFE0CD7933E85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD08AF40EC720428183EFE0CD7933E85" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC720428183EFE0CD15E3F9F" box="[114,572,440,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC720428183EFE0CD15E3F9F" blockId="7.[114,572,440,465]" box="[114,572,440,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC720428183EFE0CD15E3F9F" bold="true" box="[114,572,440,465]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC720428183EFE0CD15E3F9F" authority="(Canestrini, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[114,572,440,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Pterolichidae" genus="Ardeacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardeae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC720428183EFE0CD15E3F9F" bold="true" box="[114,572,440,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC720428183EFE0CD2343F9F" bold="true" box="[114,342,440,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ardeacarus ardeae</emphasis>
(Canestrini, 1878)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC720428183EFE47D7933E85" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC720428183EFE47D1213C24" blockId="7.[114,775,499,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC7204281922FE47D2A63C45" box="[366,452,499,523]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC7204281A40FE47D1143C45" box="[524,630,499,523]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the great egret,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC720428198AFDA7D0653C65" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[454,775,531,555]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Ardea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC720428198AFDA7D1273C65" box="[454,581,531,555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ardea alba</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281835FD86D24C3C04" box="[121,302,562,586]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Pelecaniformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281976FD86D2C43C04" box="[314,422,562,586]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ardeidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC72042819F5FD86D1763C04" box="[441,532,562,586]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A6CFD86D1193C04" box="[544,635,562,586]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC7204281ACAFD86D3CC3C24" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" value="2022-02-02">2 February 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC72042819BBFDE5D1573C24" box="[503,565,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="6.[114,193,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[123,1473,1343,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-292@6.[113,1483,1332,1839]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 7. Ardeacarus ardeae—A-B. Male and female (scale bars: 200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830309/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC720428183EFD3FD1DF3D30" blockId="7.[114,776,651,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281921FD3FD28F3CED" authorityName="Dubinin" authorityYear="1951" box="[365,493,651,675]" class="Arachnida" family="Pterolichidae" genus="Ardeacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281921FD3FD28F3CED" box="[365,493,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ardeacarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes only one species,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC72042818E1FD1ED2E33C8C" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[173,385,682,706]" class="Arachnida" family="Pterolichidae" genus="Ardeacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardeae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC72042818E1FD1ED2E33C8C" box="[173,385,682,706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ardeacarus ardeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, having a cosmopolitan distribution (Africa, Asia, Europe, and America), has been report- ed so far on herons of the genera
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281A48FD5DD1253D4F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[516,583,745,769]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Ardea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281A48FD5DD1253D4F" box="[516,583,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ardea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281A1AFD5DD1D93D4F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[598,699,745,769]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Bubulcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281A1AFD5DD1D93D4F" box="[598,699,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Bubulcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281A86FD5ED3CA3D6E" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1852" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Butorides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281A86FD5ED3CA3D6E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Butorides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC72042818FFFCBDD26A3D6E" authorityName="T. Forster" authorityYear="1817" box="[179,264,777,800]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Egretta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC72042818FFFCBDD26A3D6E" box="[179,264,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC720428195FFCBCD2EE3D6E" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[275,396,776,800]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Ixobrychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC720428195FFCBCD2EE3D6E" box="[275,396,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ixobrychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281984FCBDD1223D6E" box="[456,576,777,800]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281984FCBDD1223D6E" box="[456,576,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Nycticorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281A02FCBCD0663D6E" box="[590,772,776,800]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Pelecaniformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC720428183EFC9CD3BE3D0E" box="[114,220,808,832]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ardeidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC72042818BFFC9CD2FF3D71" author="Dubinin, V. B." box="[243,413,807,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refId="ref6438" refString="Dubinin, V. B. 1956. Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part III. Family Pterolichidae. Fauna SSSR. Paukoobraznye, Vol. 6, fasc. 7. Moscow-Leningrad, AN SSSR, 813 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1956">Dubinin, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC72042819E5FC91D15B3D71" author="Cerny, V." box="[425,569,805,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref6134" refString="Cerny, V. 1967. Catalogo de la fauna Cubana - XX - Lista de los acaros parasitosde aves reportadas de Cuba. Museo &quot; Felipe Poey &quot; de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Trabajos de Divulgacion, 45: 1 - 23. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1967">Černý, 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7204281A09FC9CD1A93D0E" author="Gaud, J." box="[581,715,808,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="806 - 828" refId="ref6888" refString="Gaud, J. 1981. Acariens Sarcoptiformes plumicoles des oiseaux Ciconiiformes d'Afrique. 1. Introduction et parasites des Ardeidae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 95: 806 - 828. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1981">Gaud, 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7204281A94FC9CD3943D11" author="Han, Y. D. &amp; Song, J. H. &amp; Min, G. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="324 - 332" refId="ref7299" refString="Han, Y. D., Song, J. H. and Min, G. S. 2016. New record of two feather mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research, 5 (3): 324 - 332. doi: 10.12651 / JSR. 2016.5.3.324" type="journal article" year="2016">Han et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281946FCF3D2BF3D11" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[266,477,839,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Pterolichidae" genus="Ardeacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardeae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281946FCF3D2BF3D11" box="[266,477,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ardeacarus ardeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the great egret,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC7204281A88FCF3D3C13D30" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Ardea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC7204281A88FCF3D3C13D30" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ardea alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is reported herein for the first time in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A11FCD2D1DA3D30" box="[605,696,870,894]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC720428183EFC14D7933E85" blockId="7.[114,775,928,2109]" lastBlockId="7.[832,1492,147,203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">
Considering the investigations of the feather mite fauna conducted in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC720428195CFC0BD2093D99" box="[272,363,959,983]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
, it is remarkable that these studies were mainly carried out in coastal provinces of the Black sea, especially
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC7204281953FC4AD2843A58" box="[287,486,1022,1046]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Samsun province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC72042819BBFC4AD1B33A58" author="Gurler, A. T. &amp; Mironov, S. V. &amp; Yavuz, K." box="[503,721,1022,1046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="17 - 23" refId="ref7247" refString="Gurler, A. T., Mironov, S. V. and Erciyes- Yavuz, K. 2013. Avian feather mites (Acari: Astigmata) of Samsun, Turkey. Acarologia, 53 (1): 17 - 23. doi: 10.1051 / acarologia / 20132078" type="journal article" year="2013">Gürler et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7204281A93FC4AD24F3A7B" author="Per, E. &amp; Aktas, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="394 - 401" refId="ref8787" refString="Per, E. and Aktas, M. 2018. The monitoring of feather mites (Acari, Astigmata) of the Warbler (Aves: Sylviidae) species in the Kizilirmak delta, Samsun, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 42 (4): 394 - 401. doi: 10.3906 / zoo- 1711 - 12" type="journal article" year="2018">Per and Aktaş, 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Other countries bordering the Black Sea seem to have similar ornithofauna with
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A7BFB88D1F23A1A" box="[567,656,1084,1108]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
according to checklists provided by the Avibase - World Bird Database (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC72042818F8FBCFD2303ADD" author="Lepage, D." box="[180,338,1147,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refId="ref7834" refString="Lepage, D. 2022. Avibase, the world bird database. Available from https: // avibase. bsc-eoc. org / (Last accessed: 29 October 2022)." type="url" year="2022">Lepage, 2022</bibRefCitation>
), and therefore it would not be wrong to predict that the feather mites faunas of the countries around the Black Sea will also show similarity. The studies carried out so far in these countries reported: about 300 feather mite species in entire
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A4FFB4CD12C3B5E" box="[515,590,1272,1296]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Russia</collectingCountry>
and the former
<collectionCode id="13B08693EC720428183EFAA3D3CC3B61" box="[114,174,1303,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">USSR</collectionCode>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC720428188CFAA3D2093B61" author="Dubinin, V. B." box="[192,363,1303,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refId="ref6391" refString="Dubinin, V. B. 1953. Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part II. Families Epidermoptidae and Freyanidae. Fauna SSSR. Paukoobraznye. Vol. 6, fasc. 6. Moscow-Leningrad, AN SSSR, 412 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1953">Dubinin, 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7204281937FAA3D2DB3B61" author="Dubinin, V. B." box="[379,441,1303,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refId="ref6438" refString="Dubinin, V. B. 1956. Feather mites (Analgesoidea). Part III. Family Pterolichidae. Fauna SSSR. Paukoobraznye, Vol. 6, fasc. 7. Moscow-Leningrad, AN SSSR, 813 pp. [In Russian]" type="book" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC720428198BFAA3D1143B61" author="Mironov, S. V." box="[455,630,1303,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="521 - 539" refId="ref8025" refString="Mironov, S. V. 1996. Feather mites from passerines of the north-west of Russia. Parazitologiya, 30: 521 - 539. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1996">Mironov, 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Mironov et al., 2022), including 146 species from only passerines in the coastal areas of Russian Black sea (Mironov et al., 2022); over 160 species in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC72042819F6FAC1D1763BC3" box="[442,532,1397,1421]" name="Ukraine" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(Burdejnaja and Kivganov, 2009a-c; 2011a,b;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC720428198AFA20D3CD3B82" author="Kivganov, D. A. &amp; Chernichko, E. I." pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref7540" refString="Kivganov, D. A. and Chernichko, E. I. 2007. The feather mites of waders of Sivash. Branta: Sbornik trudov Azovo-Chernomorskoi ornitologicheskoi stantsii, Ecology, 10: 65 - 73. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="2007">Kivganov and Chernichko, 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC72042818F0FA07D26A3B85" author="Kivganov, D. A. &amp; Chernichko, E. I." box="[188,264,1459,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="87 - 92" refId="ref7583" refString="Kivganov, D. A. and Chernichko, E. I. 2009 a. A review of feather mites from waders in the south of Ukraine. Zapovidna sprava v Ukraini, 15 (2): 87 - 92. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="2009">2009a</bibRefCitation>
,b; 2012); over 150 species in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A20FA07D1AE3B85" box="[620,716,1459,1483]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC7204281A90FA00D2663BA5" author="Kolarova, N." pageId="7" pageNumber="65" refId="ref7726" refString="Kolarova, N. 2015. Feather mites of the Superfamily Analgoidea (Acari: Astigmata) from Passerines in South Dobrudzha, Bulgaria. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Sofia University &quot; St. Clement of Ohrid &quot;, 223 pp." type="book" year="2015">Kolarova, 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC720428195DFA67D15F3BA5" author="Kolarova, N. &amp; Ilieva, M." box="[273,573,1491,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref7768" refString="Kolarova, N. and Ilieva, M. 2021. Three new records of feather mite species (Acari: Astigmata) for Bulgaria. ZooNotes, 185: 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="2021">Kolarova and Ilieva, 2021</bibRefCitation>
), over 30 species in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC72042818DAFA46D3993844" box="[150,251,1522,1546]" name="Romania" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC720428195EFA46D1003844" author="Constantinescu, I. C. &amp; ChiSamera, G. &amp; Pocora, V. &amp; Stanciu, C. &amp; Adam, C." box="[274,610,1522,1546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="267 - 276" refId="ref6278" refString="Constantinescu, I. C., ChiSamera, G., Pocora, V., Stanciu, C. and Adam, C. 2013. Two new species of feather mites (Acarina: Analgoidea) from the Moustached warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon (Passeriformes, Acrocephalidae) in Romania. Zootaxa, 3709 (3): 267 - 276. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Constantinescu et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
), and only 2 feather mites in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281977F9A5D2F53867" box="[315,407,1553,1577]" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Georgia</collectingCountry>
/Sakartvelo (Bauer, 1939). The diversity of feather mite fauna in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A43F985D1083807" box="[527,618,1585,1609]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
, including to date 56 species in 34 genera and 15 families, takes the fourth places among the countries having a coast to the Black Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC72042818A0F93AD2BF38E8" author="Eren, G. &amp; ACici, M." box="[236,477,1678,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="65" pagination="21 - 27" refId="ref6535" refString="Eren, G. and ACici, M. 2022. A contribution to avian ectoparasite fauna of Turkey: the reports of feather mites and tick on the Great tit (Parus major L.). Acarological Studies, 4 (1): 21 - 27. doi: 10.47121 / acarolstud. 970440" type="journal article" year="2022">Eren and AÇıcı, 2022</bibRefCitation>
; Eren et al., 2022; present study). De facto, when is compared the number of bird species in ornithoofaunas of the relevant countries according to the eBird database (2022),
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A7CF958D1EB394A" box="[560,649,1772,1796]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
places the second, with 496 bird species (versus
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A71F8BFD1E9396D" box="[573,651,1803,1827]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Russia</collectingCountry>
: 690;
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A9BF8BFD3CD390D" name="Bulgaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
: 389;
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC72042818B1F89FD23B390D" box="[253,345,1835,1859]" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Georgia</collectingCountry>
: 361;
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC72042819EAF89FD167390D" box="[422,517,1835,1859]" name="Ukraine" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
: 361;
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281A1EF89FD1D9390D" box="[594,699,1835,1859]" name="Romania" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Romania</collectingCountry>
: 324). The main reason for the relatively low number of recovered feather mite fauna in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC72042819EDF8DDD29E39CF" box="[417,508,1897,1921]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
, comparing to the richness of its ornithofauna, is the incomparably limited number of parasitological studies of avian hosts conduct- ed in this country. Although the first feather mite report in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC72042818C2F852D38A39B0" box="[142,232,2022,2046]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
dates back to the 1970s, the number of studies conducted in the past 50 years does not exceed a dozen. With this study, which is a continuation of the feather mite fauna studies in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC7204281C71FF27D7FA3EE5" box="[1085,1176,147,171]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="65">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
, we aimed to contribute to ornitho-parasitological investigations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
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<mods:title id="7015D4ACEF2DEB52B72E7F31CA6524B6">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D34C76476A0AFB17E8850BBD446203C">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8933B31000728C00C6C11EEF2F5F412">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="021CCFCC0BC986D3F0415CD6086A5329">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E4F4E9EB8DFC4BC2C840EF8568DBFEA5">Mironov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC74042E183EF8C3D13239DE" box="[114,592,1911,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC74042E183EF8C3D13239DE" blockId="1.[114,592,1911,1936]" box="[114,592,1911,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC74042E183EF8C3D13239DE" bold="true" box="[114,592,1911,1936]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E183EF8C3D13239DE" authority="(Buchholz, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[114,592,1911,1936]" class="Arachnida" family="Analgidae" genus="Diplaegidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbae">
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E183EF8C3D21539DE" bold="true" box="[114,375,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Diplaegidia columbae</emphasis>
(Buchholz, 1869)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC74042E183EF806D0E939E9" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC74042E183EF806D0F63B37" blockId="1.[114,775,1970,2088]" lastBlockId="1.[832,1494,1345,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC74042E1925F806D2A43984" box="[361,454,1970,1994]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC74042E1A45F806D1193984" box="[521,635,1970,1994]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the rock pigeon,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1989F865D06539A7" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[453,775,2001,2025]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livia">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1989F865D10239A7" box="[453,608,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Columba livia</emphasis>
Gmelin, 1789
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1835F844D24C3646" box="[121,302,2032,2056]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Columbiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1973F844D2A93646" box="[319,459,2032,2056]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Columbidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC74042E19AFF844D14F3646" box="[483,557,2032,2056]" country="Turkey" name="Artvin" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Artvin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC74042E1A72F844D1FB3646" box="[574,665,2032,2056]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC74042E1AE5F844D3CC3666" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" value="2022-06-14">14 June 2022</date>
, coll. G. Eren;
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC74042E191FF7A4D2CF3666" box="[339,429,2064,2088]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC74042E19ABF7A4D1343666" box="[487,598,2064,2088]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
from the same host species,
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC74042E1B95FAF5D7513B17" box="[985,1075,1345,1369]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC74042E1C73FAF5D7F83B17" box="[1087,1178,1345,1369]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC74042E1CEAFAF5D61A3B17" box="[1190,1400,1345,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" value="2022-02-22">22 February 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC74042E1B0CFA2ED0E939E9" blockId="1.[831,1494,1434,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1C78FA2ED7D63BFC" authorityName="Hull" authorityYear="1932" box="[1076,1204,1434,1458]" class="Arachnida" family="Analgidae" genus="Diplaegidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1C78FA2ED7D63BFC" box="[1076,1204,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Diplaegidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has included seven species so far, and all of them are associated with birds of the order
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1BD6FA6DD72B3BBF" box="[922,1097,1497,1521]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Columbiformes</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC74042E1C20FA63D6723BBF" author="Cerny, V." box="[1132,1296,1495,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref6185" refString="Cerny, V. 1975. Parasitic mites of Surinam XXXII. New species of mites (Sarcoptiformes, Analgoidea). Folia Parasitologica, 22: 233 - 240. doi: 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 017 - 7106 - 1 _ 3" type="journal article" year="1975">Černý, 1975</bibRefCitation>
; Gaud, 1976).
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1B0CFA4CD751385E" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[832,1075,1528,1552]" class="Arachnida" family="Analgidae" genus="Diplaegidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1B0CFA4CD751385E" box="[832,1075,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Diplaegidia columbae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which we report in this study, has been reported several times from the rock pigeons,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1DFDF9ACD0DE3801" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livia">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1DFDF9ACD0DE3801" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Columba livia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and its domestic form,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1C9AF983D03B3820" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="livia" subSpecies="domestica">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1C9AF983D03B3820" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Columba livia domestica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in previous studies in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC74042E1C22F9E2D7A53820" box="[1134,1223,1622,1646]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC74042E1C94F9E2D6C53820" author="Merdivenci, A." box="[1240,1447,1622,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" refId="ref7908" refString="Merdivenci, A. 1970. Turkiye parazitleri ve parazitolojik yayinlari. Istanbul Universitesi, Cerrahpasa Tip Fakultesi Yayinlari, Kutulmus Matbaasi, Istanbul, Turkiye, 324 pp. [In Turkish]" type="book" year="1970">Merdivenci, 1970</bibRefCitation>
). In addition to the studies in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC74042E1C23F9C1D7A838C3" box="[1135,1226,1653,1677]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1C9AF9C2D60238C3" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1238,1376,1653,1677]" class="Arachnida" family="Analgidae" genus="Diplaegidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1C9AF9C2D60238C3" box="[1238,1376,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">D. columbae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been reported so far on birds of the genera
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1CB2F921D0193882" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1CB2F921D60238E3" box="[1278,1376,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Columba</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1BF0F900D6713882" authority="Bonaparte, 1855" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[956,1299,1716,1740]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Streptopelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1BF0F900D7263882" box="[956,1092,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Streptopelia</emphasis>
Bonaparte,
<quantity id="B259B3B3EC74042E1C94F900D6713882" box="[1240,1299,1716,1740]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7116999999999996" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="in" value="1855.0">1855</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in Africa (Gaud 1976),
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1BD7F967D7AF38A5" authority="Bonaparte, 1838" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[923,1229,1747,1771]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Zenaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1BD7F967D09638A5" box="[923,1012,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Zenaida</emphasis>
Bonaparte,
<quantity id="B259B3B3EC74042E1CDEF967D7AF38A5" box="[1170,1229,1747,1771]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66852" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="in" value="1838.0">1838</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in North and South America (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC74042E1BFCF947D7F53945" author="Goulart, T. M. &amp; Moraes, D. L. &amp; Prado, A. P." box="[944,1175,1779,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" refId="ref7142" refString="Goulart, T. M., Moraes, D. L. and Prado, A. P. 2011. Mites associated with the eared dove, Zenaida auriculata" type="book" year="2011">Goulart et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC74042E1CE8F947D6A93945" author="Grossi, A. &amp; Proctor, H." box="[1188,1483,1779,1803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" pagination="9" refId="ref7202" refString="Grossi, A. and Proctor, H. 2021. Variation in Ectosymbiont Assemblages Associated with Rock Pigeons (Columba livia) from Coast to Coast in Canada. Diversity, 13 (1): 9. doi: 10.3390 / d 13010009" type="journal article" year="2021">Grossi and Proctor, 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and also on the
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1BBFF8A6D7EE3964" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[1011,1164,1810,1834]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livia">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1BBFF8A6D7EE3964" box="[1011,1164,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Columba livia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Europa (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC74042E1D43F8A6D6FA3964" author="Rozsa, L." box="[1295,1432,1810,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" pagination="115 - 119" refId="ref9024" refString="Rozsa, L. 1990. The ectoparasite fauna of feral pigeon populations in Hungary. Parasitologia Hungarica, 23: 115 - 119." type="journal article" year="1990">Rózsa 1990</bibRefCitation>
). The feather mite,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC74042E1BACF886D7083907" baseAuthorityName="Buchholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[992,1130,1841,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Analgidae" genus="Diplaegidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC74042E1BACF886D7083907" box="[992,1130,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">D. columbae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a potential source of allergens for domestic pigeon breeders or people who have close contact with pigeons (Fernández-
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC74042E1D7CF8C4D01D39E9" author="Caldas, E. &amp; Puerta, L. &amp; Caraballo, L. &amp; Iraola, V. &amp; Lockey, R. F." pageId="1" pageNumber="59" pagination="213 - 235" refId="ref6668" refString="Fernandez- Caldas, E., Puerta, L., Caraballo, L., Iraola, V. and Lockey, R. F. 2020. Mite allergens. In: Allergens and allergen immunotherapy: Subcutaneous, sublingual, and oral. 6 th edn. Lockey, R. F. and Ledford, D. K. (Eds). CRC Press, FL, USA, 213 - 235. doi: 10.1201 / 9781351208994 - 14" type="book chapter" year="2020">Caldas et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
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<mods:title id="2F299755C7E95B6BEB4FBABE4F00C475">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88F21538E7051365C8220B42162BCA70">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5A3A52E5B423047CBE49BE9575F2789D">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="CDB72069B2FFFC776941FFEA0CB46059">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E1739A0DD9CC5570DF01EB54F4084CA">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F2214C82D574F495BBD43764F1A6FE8B">Acarological Studies</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC76042C1B0CF938D67738E8" box="[832,1301,1676,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC76042C1B0CF938D67738E8" blockId="3.[832,1301,1676,1702]" box="[832,1301,1676,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC76042C1B0CF938D67738E8" bold="true" box="[832,1301,1676,1702]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1B0CF938D67738E8" authority="Robin, 1877" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" box="[832,1301,1676,1702]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troncatus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1B0CF938D67738E8" bold="true" box="[832,1301,1676,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1B0CF938D71838EB" bold="true" box="[832,1146,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Proctophyllodes troncatus</emphasis>
Robin, 1877
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="751E1E56EC76042C1B0CF97CD6EC3951" blockId="3.[832,1493,1736,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC76042C1C63F97CD71F38AE" box="[1071,1149,1736,1760]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 1 tritonymph from flight feathers the barn owl,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1C0CF953D7CB38B1" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[1088,1193,1767,1791]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1C0CF953D7CB38B1" box="[1088,1193,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Tyto alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1CFBF953D62838B1" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1207,1354,1767,1791]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Strigiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1D18F953D6A838B1" authorityName="Ridgway" authorityYear="1914" box="[1364,1482,1767,1791]" class="Aves" family="Tytonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tytonidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC76042C1B0CF8B2D0F93950" box="[832,923,1798,1822]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC76042C1BE9F8B2D7623950" box="[933,1024,1798,1822]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC76042C1C45F8B2D7DA3950" box="[1033,1208,1798,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" value="2022-01-01">1 January 2022</date>
, coll. by M. Öztürk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC76042B1B0CF8F4D2353EA4" blockId="3.[832,1494,1856,2099]" lastBlockId="4.[114,775,147,234]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
Remarks. The feather mite
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1CC2F8F4D6D73916" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" box="[1166,1461,1856,1880]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troncatus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1CC2F8F4D6D73916" box="[1166,1461,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Proctophyllodes troncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with the sparrows of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1DC1F8D4D6B73939" box="[1421,1493,1888,1911]" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" genus="Passer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1DC1F8D4D6B73939" box="[1421,1493,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Passer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1B04F8CBD0AA39D9" box="[840,968,1919,1943]" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Passeridae</taxonomicName>
) in worldwide (Europa, Asia, Africa, and America) (Atyeo and Braasch, 1966;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC76042C1D47F82AD01F399B" author="Gaud, J. &amp; Atyeo, W. T." pageId="3" pageNumber="61" pagination="329 - 344" refId="ref6925" refString="Gaud, J. and Atyeo, W. T. 1976. Discordances between geographical distribution areas of feather Sarcoptiform mites and their hosts. Acarologia, 18 (2): 329 - 344." type="journal article" year="1976">Gaud and Atyeo, 1976</bibRefCitation>
), and the finding on the barn owl,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1D58F80AD61C399B" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[1300,1406,1981,2005]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Tyto" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1D58F80AD61C399B" box="[1300,1406,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Tyto alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in this study is most probably a case of contamination most probabaly caused by the interaction between prey and predator. In studies previously conducted in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC76042C1D1BF7AFD6D0367D" box="[1367,1458,2075,2099]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042B1D8DF7A8D3BF3EE5" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="62" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troncatus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042B1D8DF7A8D3BF3EE5" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">P. troncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the house sparrow
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1A45FF20D1B13EE5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[521,723,147,171]" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" genus="Passer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="domesticus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1A45FF20D1B13EE5" box="[521,723,147,171]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Passer domesticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Spanish sparrow
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC71042B1922FF07D1443E84" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[366,550,178,202]" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" genus="Passer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispaniolensis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC71042B1922FF07D1443E84" box="[366,550,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">P. hispaniolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC71042B1835FF66D2283EA4" author="Gurler, A. T. &amp; Mironov, S. V. &amp; Yavuz, K." box="[121,330,210,234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" pagination="17 - 23" refId="ref7247" refString="Gurler, A. T., Mironov, S. V. and Erciyes- Yavuz, K. 2013. Avian feather mites (Acari: Astigmata) of Samsun, Turkey. Acarologia, 53 (1): 17 - 23. doi: 10.1051 / acarologia / 20132078" type="journal article" year="2013">Gürler et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="EF9E1FDC54CCA197A6B3F53744765520">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A101CD859CD59CB75EF6A3A3A025177">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="53928640F8DC6253D183FF0C7D116D40">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FD7BE2B95472147EABAB7C7845996BAE">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0476C5D61CCB53E17A61711F12F8D7D4">Mironov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="2E56A93AEC76042C183EF894D17E3977" bold="true" box="[114,540,1824,1849]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C183EF894D17E3977" authority="Gaud, 1957" authorityName="Gaud" authorityYear="1957" box="[114,540,1824,1849]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C183EF894D2E93977" bold="true" box="[114,395,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Proctophyllodes sylviae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC76042C19DDF895D17E3977" author="Gaud, J." box="[401,540,1825,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" pagination="105 - 136" refId="ref6753" refString="Gaud, J. 1957. Acariens plumicoles (Analgesoidea) parasites des oiseaux du Maroc. I. Proctophyllodidae. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc, 37: 105 - 136. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gaud, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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Materials examined.
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and
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from flight feathers of the Eurasian blackcap,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1A75F8CED06339DC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[569,769,1914,1938]" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Sylvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricapilla">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1A75F8CED06339DC" box="[569,769,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Sylvia atricapilla</emphasis>
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; (
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1835F82DD24339FF" box="[121,289,1945,1969]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1974F82DD2C139FF" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1820" box="[312,419,1945,1969]" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sylviidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC76042C198DF82DD17E39FF" box="[449,540,1945,1969]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC76042C1A7FF82DD1EC39FF" box="[563,654,1945,1969]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC76042C1AE9F82DD3CC399F" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" value="2022-05-30">30 May 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk.
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Remarks. The feather mite
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C19E5F847D1CE3645" box="[425,684,2035,2059]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Proctophyllodes sylviae</emphasis>
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is associated with the Eurasian blackcap,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1A52F7A6D1BC3664" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[542,734,2066,2090]" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Sylvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricapilla">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1A52F7A6D1BC3664" box="[542,734,2066,2090]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Sylvia atricapilla</emphasis>
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, in Europa and Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC76042C1C71FAEDD7AC3B3F" author="Gaud, J." box="[1085,1230,1369,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" pagination="105 - 136" refId="ref6753" refString="Gaud, J. 1957. Acariens plumicoles (Analgesoidea) parasites des oiseaux du Maroc. I. Proctophyllodidae. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc, 37: 105 - 136. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gaud, 1957</bibRefCitation>
; Atyeo and Braasch, 1966). In studies previously conducted in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC76042C1D60FACDD6E53BDF" box="[1324,1415,1401,1425]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1DD8FACED00F3BFE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">P. sylviae</emphasis>
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from the common reed warbler
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1D49FA2CD0EE3B81" baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Acrocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scirpaceus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1D49FA2CD0EE3B81" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Acrocephalus scirpaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Cetti's warbler
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1C36FA0CD7913B81" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1146,1267,1464,1487]" class="Aves" family="Cettiidae" genus="Cettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cetti">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1C36FA0CD7913B81" box="[1146,1267,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Cettia cetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the common chiffchaff
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1BCDFA63D71A3BA1" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[897,1144,1495,1519]" class="Aves" family="Phylloscopidae" genus="Phylloscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collybita">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1BCDFA63D71A3BA1" box="[897,1144,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Phylloscopus collybita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Eurasian blackcap
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1DD8FA63D0D63840" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Sylvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricapilla">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1DD8FA63D0D63840" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Sylvia atricapilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the garden warbler
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1C87FA42D6453840" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[1227,1319,1526,1550]" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Sylvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borin">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1C87FA42D6453840" box="[1227,1319,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">S. borin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the common whitethroat
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1B9DF9A1D73E3863" authorityName="Latham" authorityYear="1787" box="[977,1116,1557,1581]" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Sylvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1B9DF9A1D73E3863" box="[977,1116,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">S. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the lesser whitethroat
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1D39F9A1D03B3802" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Sylvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curruca">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1D39F9A1D03B3802" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">S. curruca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the Sardinian warbler
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1CEFF981D6063802" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1187,1380,1588,1612]" class="Aves" family="Sylviidae" genus="Sylvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocephala">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1CEFF981D6063802" box="[1187,1380,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">S. melanocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC76042C1BFEF9E0D7E03822" author="Gurler, A. T. &amp; Mironov, S. V. &amp; Yavuz, K." box="[946,1154,1620,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" pagination="17 - 23" refId="ref7247" refString="Gurler, A. T., Mironov, S. V. and Erciyes- Yavuz, K. 2013. Avian feather mites (Acari: Astigmata) of Samsun, Turkey. Acarologia, 53 (1): 17 - 23. doi: 10.1051 / acarologia / 20132078" type="journal article" year="2013">Gürler et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC76042C1CC1F9E0D6163822" author="Per, E. &amp; Aktas, M." box="[1165,1396,1620,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" pagination="394 - 401" refId="ref8787" refString="Per, E. and Aktas, M. 2018. The monitoring of feather mites (Acari, Astigmata) of the Warbler (Aves: Sylviidae) species in the Kizilirmak delta, Samsun, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 42 (4): 394 - 401. doi: 10.3906 / zoo- 1711 - 12" type="journal article" year="2018">Per and Aktaş, 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:affiliation id="36A2AC0474F7DCEC9E2AC47E6659D47B">Department of Wild Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="2E56A93AEC76042C183EFAECD1153B3F" bold="true" box="[114,631,1368,1393]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C183EFAECD1153B3F" authority="(Koch, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[114,631,1368,1393]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scolopacinus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C183EFAECD1153B3F" bold="true" box="[114,631,1368,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C183EFAECD2B03B3F" bold="true" box="[114,466,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Proctophyllodes scolopacinus</emphasis>
(Koch, 1842)
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Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC76042C1925FA20D2A53BE5" box="[361,455,1427,1452]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC76042C1A45FA20D11E3BE5" box="[521,636,1427,1452]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
adult from flight feathers the Eurasian woodcock,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1A77FA07D2433BA4" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Scolopax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusticola">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1A77FA07D0653B85" box="[571,775,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Scolopax rusticola</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C197CFA66D2933BA4" box="[304,497,1490,1514]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Charadriiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C19B0FA66D1F63BA4" box="[508,660,1490,1514]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scolopacidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC76042C1AEBFA66D0603BA4" box="[679,770,1490,1514]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC76042C183EFA45D3AF3847" box="[114,205,1521,1545]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC76042C189AFA46D2F63844" box="[214,404,1522,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" value="2022-01-27">27 January 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk.
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<paragraph id="751E1E56EC76042C183EF99FD2A038B1" blockId="3.[114,776,1579,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
Remarks. The feather mite
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C19E5F99FD18C380D" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[425,750,1579,1603]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scolopacinus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C19E5F99FD18C380D" box="[425,750,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Proctophyllodes scolopacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with the Eurasian woodcock,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1A13F9FFD1BD382C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[607,735,1610,1634]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Scolopax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusticola">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1A13F9FFD1BD382C" box="[607,735,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">S. rusticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in Europe and Asia, and the American woodcock,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1AE8F9DED3D738EF" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Scolopax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1AE8F9DED3D738EF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Scolopax minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in North America and (Atyeo and Braasch, 1966). In studies previously conducted in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC76042C1A5EF91CD10F388E" box="[530,621,1704,1728]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1A30F91DD3FA3891" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scolopacinus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1A30F91DD3FA3891" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">P. scolopacinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Eurasian woodcock,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC76042C1A5DF97CD1F238AE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[529,656,1736,1760]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Scolopax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rusticola">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC76042C1A5DF97CD1F238AE" box="[529,656,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">S. rusticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC76042C18A8F953D2D738B1" author="Gurler, A. T. &amp; Mironov, S. V. &amp; Yavuz, K." box="[228,437,1767,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" pagination="17 - 23" refId="ref7247" refString="Gurler, A. T., Mironov, S. V. and Erciyes- Yavuz, K. 2013. Avian feather mites (Acari: Astigmata) of Samsun, Turkey. Acarologia, 53 (1): 17 - 23. doi: 10.1051 / acarologia / 20132078" type="journal article" year="2013">Gürler et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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</document>

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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D183EF9CFD23738DA" bold="true" box="[114,341,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Pterodectes rutilus</emphasis>
Robin, 1877
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Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC77042D192BF902D2A63880" box="[359,452,1718,1742]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the common house martin,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D19E6F961D3D43942" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Delichon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="urbicum">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D19E6F961D11938A3" box="[426,635,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Delichon urbicum</emphasis>
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(
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),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC77042D1A77F941D1F43943" box="[571,662,1781,1805]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D1AE4F940D0613942" box="[680,771,1780,1804]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC77042D183EF8A0D26B3962" box="[114,265,1812,1836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" value="2022-06-21">21 June 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC77042D1A1FF8A0D1F03962" box="[595,658,1812,1836]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[114,193,1280,1304]" captionTargetBox="[113,1503,705,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-548@3.[113,1503,705,1273]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mites of the family Proctophyllodidae—A. Pterodectes rutilus, male (scale bar: 100), B-C. Proctophyllodes musi- cus, male (scale bar: 200) and female (scale bar: 100)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830297/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D183EF8FAD7843FE8" blockId="2.[114,775,1870,1987]" lastBlockId="2.[832,1494,147,422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1911F8FAD2BD3928" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" box="[349,479,1870,1894]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pterodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1911F8FAD2BD3928" box="[349,479,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Pterodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is monotypic, and its only representative,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1969F8D9D29439CB" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" box="[293,502,1901,1925]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pterodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1969F8D9D29439CB" box="[293,502,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Pterodectes rutilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a cosmopolitan mite occurring on swallows (
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D19DCF838D14E39EA" box="[400,556,1932,1956]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hirundinidae</taxonomicName>
) worldwide (Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America). Although this mite species most commonly occurs on the barn swallow,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1DFFFF20D7EC3E84" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Hirundo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rustica">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1DFFFF20D0B73E84" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Hirundo rustica</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, in the studies conducted so far, it has also been reported on the following of hirundinids:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1B33FF45D66D3F47" authority="(Wied, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Wied" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[895,1295,241,265]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Atticora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1B33FF45D70F3F47" box="[895,1133,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Atticora melanoleuca</emphasis>
(Wied, 1820)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1D50FF46D0BA3F66" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Delichon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="urbicum">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1D50FF46D6F73F47" box="[1308,1429,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">D. urbicum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1BAAFEA5D7BE3F66" authority="Gray, 1845" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[998,1244,272,297]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Hirundo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1BAAFEA5D7333F66" box="[998,1105,273,296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">H. nigrita</emphasis>
Gray, 1845
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1CA7FEA5D0B73F09" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Riparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparia">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1CA7FEA5D6F13F66" box="[1259,1427,273,296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Riparia riparia</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1BACFE84D6473F06" authority="(Vieillot, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[992,1317,303,328]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Riparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paludicola">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1BACFE84D7123F09" box="[992,1136,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">R. paludicola</emphasis>
(Vieillot, 1817)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1D2DFE9BD0E43FC8" authority="(Vieillot, 1817) (Valim and Hernandes, 2008)" authorityName="Valim and Hernandes" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Stelgydopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1D2DFE9BD0853F29" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Stelgydopteryx ruficollis</emphasis>
(Vieillot, 1817) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1C88FEFBD01D3FC8" author="Valim, M. P. &amp; Hernandes, F. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="41 - 55" refId="ref9097" refString="Valim, M. P. and Hernandes, F. A. 2008. Redescriptions of four species of the feather mite genus Pterodectes Robin, 1877 (Acari: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) described by Herbert F. Berla. Acarina, 14 (1): 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="2008">Valim and Hernandes, 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In our study,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C7AFEDBD7F93FC8" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" box="[1078,1179,366,390]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Pterodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C7AFEDBD7F93FC8" box="[1078,1179,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. rutilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1CABFEDBD6013FC8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1255,1379,366,390]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" genus="Delichon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="urbicum">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1CABFEDBD6013FC8" box="[1255,1379,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">D. urbicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported for the first time in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D1CCBFE3AD7803FE8" box="[1159,1250,398,422]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D1B0CFE73D0193FB1" blockId="2.[832,1492,455,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1B89FE73D0193FB1" authority="Megnin and Trouessart, 1884" authorityName="Megnin and Trouessart" authorityYear="1884" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Proctophyllodinae">Proctophyllodinae Mégnin and Trouessart, 1884</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
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<mods:title id="4EAD09AA8417BB971AF13195321FF9DA">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="E48BAED6EA0F9A9664C10ABA8F078C25">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC77042D183EFCDDD1713DCD" box="[114,531,873,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D183EFCDDD1713DCD" blockId="2.[114,531,873,899]" box="[114,531,873,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC77042D183EFCDDD1713DCD" bold="true" box="[114,531,873,899]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D183EFCDDD1713DCD" authority="Mironov, 1989" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1989" box="[114,531,873,899]" class="Arachnida" family="Avenzoariidae" genus="Zachvatkinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larica">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D183EFCDDD1713DCD" bold="true" box="[114,531,873,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D183EFCDDD2393DCC" bold="true" box="[114,347,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Zachvatkinia larica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D192DFCDFD1713DCD" author="Mironov, S. V." box="[353,531,875,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="91 - 115" refId="ref7942" refString="Mironov, S. V. 1989. A brief review of the feather mites of the genus Zachvatkinia in the USSR (Analgoidea, Avenzoariidae). Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 36: 91 - 115. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1989">Mironov, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC77042D183EFC11D2213BE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D183EFC11D1FF3A55" blockId="2.[114,775,933,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC77042D1912FC11D2D43DF3" box="[350,438,933,957]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 1 tritonymph from flight feathers of the black-headed gull,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A59FC70D2CB3DB5" authority="(Linnaeus, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Chroicocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridibundus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1A59FC70D3A03DB5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Chroicocephalus ridibundus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1766)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D198AFC57D1E53DB5" box="[454,647,995,1019]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Charadriiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1AECFC57D1993DB5" box="[672,763,995,1019]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Laridae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC77042D183EFBB7D3AF3A55" box="[114,205,1027,1051]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D189AFBB6D2533A54" box="[214,305,1026,1050]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC77042D1977FBB7D2883A55" box="[315,490,1027,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" value="2022-01-01">1 January 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D183EFB88D2213BE3" blockId="2.[114,775,1084,1453]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D19C9FB88D1743A1A" authorityName="Dubinin" authorityYear="1949" box="[389,534,1084,1108]" class="Arachnida" family="Avenzoariidae" genus="Zachvatkinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D19C9FB88D1743A1A" box="[389,534,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Zachvatkinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes eighteen species that are associated with birds belonging to the order
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1948FBCFD2DD3ADD" box="[260,447,1147,1171]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Charadriiformes</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1983FBCFD1023ADD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[463,608,1147,1171]" class="Aves" family="Dromadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dromadidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A27FBCFD1A13ADD" box="[619,707,1147,1171]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Laridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A83FBCFD3843AFC" class="Aves" family="Stercorariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Stercorariidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D197EFB2ED2C03AFC" baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[306,418,1178,1202]" class="Aves" family="Sternidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sternidae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D19B9FB2ED1D93AFC" box="[501,699,1178,1202]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Procellariiformes</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A98FB2ED3803A9F" authorityName="G. R. Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Aves" family="Diomedeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diomedeidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D18A2FB0DD2EE3A9F" authorityName="Mathews" authorityYear="1912" box="[238,396,1209,1233]" class="Aves" family="Hydrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hydrobatidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D19DBFB0DD17D3A9F" box="[407,543,1209,1233]" class="Aves" family="Oceanitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Oceanitidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A11FB0DD19D3A9F" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1820" box="[605,767,1209,1233]" class="Aves" family="Procellariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Procellariiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Procellariidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1835FB6DD2323ABF" author="Negm, M. W. &amp; Nasser, M. G. D. &amp; Alatawi, F. J. &amp; Al Ahmad, A. M. &amp; Shobrak, M." box="[121,336,1241,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="61 - 71" refId="ref8469" refString="Negm, M. W., Nasser, M. G. D., Alatawi, F. J., Al Ahmad, A. M. and Shobrak, M. 2013. Feather mites of the genus Zachvatkinia Dubinin, 1949 (Astigmata: Analgoidea: Avenzoariidae) from Saudi Arabia: A new species and two new records. Zootaxa, 3710 (1): 61 - 71. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3710.1.4" type="journal article" year="2013">Negm et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
). In studies conducted to date,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A85FB6DD2753B5E" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1989" class="Arachnida" family="Avenzoariidae" genus="Zachvatkinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larica">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1A85FB6DD2753B5E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Zachvatkinia larica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from over 20 species and subspecies of gulls worldwide (Asia, Europe, and America) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D18A1FA82D2FC3B00" author="Mironov, S. V." box="[237,414,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="91 - 115" refId="ref7942" refString="Mironov, S. V. 1989. A brief review of the feather mites of the genus Zachvatkinia in the USSR (Analgoidea, Avenzoariidae). Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 36: 91 - 115. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1989">Mironov, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D19E1FA83D10D3B00" author="Han, Y. D. &amp; Song, J. H. &amp; Min, G. S." box="[429,623,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="324 - 332" refId="ref7299" refString="Han, Y. D., Song, J. H. and Min, G. S. 2016. New record of two feather mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research, 5 (3): 324 - 332. doi: 10.12651 / JSR. 2016.5.3.324" type="journal article" year="2016">Han et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D1AE4FA82D0613B00" box="[680,771,1334,1358]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
, this mite species has been reported so far only from the yellow-legged gull,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1919FAC2D0653BC3" authority="Naumann, JF, 1840" authorityName="Naumann, JF" authorityYear="1840" box="[341,775,1397,1421]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michahellis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1919FAC2D1793BC3" box="[341,539,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Larus michahellis</emphasis>
Naumann, JF, 1840
</taxonomicName>
(Eren et al., 2022).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="066B69CE6F1F92F375AF92AA1BFA05D2">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="F2DAB81C3B9640402E2CF73A884DEB5B">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A64F30932ED8B8FE01366C46B05E6BE2">Artvin (BorkÇa) Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Artvin, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5F26C4BAF84AB2311DD81706208CDA05" type="email">gokhaneren54@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7A48F9517F57D4E9CD3B3E3230A222AA">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="78150350665CC73987B9E7D474DB614B">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="E04FE8150833264C8725F1DACA04BD64">Mironov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FAE4AE6FE7CFAE3F2610EF103EF0388E">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="282215132C842B48435A8C9F757213B8">Nisbet, Hatice Özlem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1FCFAB84696BCBAEDB67F60A40B9C2F8">Department of Wild Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="31B955B65CC57A2C181B04F186A1A674">Açici, Mustafa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="13837EC35CC0BE96B05C13582EF2E106">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4F506B5B5C90FF7CE3BF2A88C0FA7918">Acarological Studies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B3A30ACC3BCFFF4E0C09F330A8A6B64B">
<mods:date id="FA7BBC54DF4BBA9B2E9FA23F431DCB78">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E5E24701CCF961B178A2F3FC6177BB2">2023-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="063AC953E6A06B2737E79FEA5168BC83">5</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FD08AF40EC77042D183EFF78D2803D41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10377800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10377800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD08AF40EC77042D183EFF78D2803D41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD08AF40EC77042D183EFF78D2803D41" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC77042D183EFF78D2693F4A" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D183EFF78D2693F4A" blockId="2.[114,776,204,260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC77042D183EFF78D2693F4A" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D183EFF78D2693F4A" authority="Dubinin and Dubinina, 1940" authorityName="Dubinin and Dubinina" authorityYear="1940" class="Arachnida" family="Avenzoariidae" genus="Scutomegninia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalacrocoracis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D183EFF78D2693F4A" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D183EFF78D29C3EAB" bold="true" box="[114,510,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Scutomegninia phalacrocoracis</emphasis>
Dubinin and Dubinina, 1940
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC77042D183EFE92D2803D41" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D183EFE92D1213FD2" blockId="2.[114,775,294,413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC77042D192DFE93D2CD3F70" box="[353,431,294,319]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 1 tritonymph from flight feathers of the grey heron,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D19FEFEF2D0653F13" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[434,775,325,350]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Ardea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D19FEFEF2D12F3F13" box="[434,589,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Ardea cinerea</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1835FED1D24C3F33" box="[121,302,357,381]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Pelecaniformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1976FED1D2C43F33" box="[314,422,357,381]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ardeidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC77042D19F5FED1D1763F33" box="[441,532,357,381]" country="Turkey" name="Samsun" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Samsun</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D1A6CFED1D1193F33" box="[544,635,357,381]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC77042D1ACAFED1D3CC3FD2" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" value="2022-02-07">7 February 2022</date>
, coll. M. Öztürk (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC77042D19BBFE30D1503FD2" box="[503,562,388,412]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[114,193,654,678]" captionTargetBox="[118,1497,141,637]" captionTargetId="figure-550@3.[108,1507,131,647]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Scutomegninia phalacrocoracis—A. Male, B. Tritonymph (scale bars: 200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830295/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D183EFE0AD2803D41" blockId="2.[114,776,446,783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1932FE0BD1463F98" authorityName="Dubinin" authorityYear="1951" box="[382,548,447,470]" class="Arachnida" family="Avenzoariidae" genus="Scutomegninia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1932FE0BD1463F98" box="[382,548,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Scutomegninia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes fourteen described species associated with birds of the order
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A81FE69D3933C5B" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Pelecaniformes</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D194CFE49D2E43C5B" authorityName="Reichenbach" authorityYear="1849" box="[256,390,509,533]" class="Aves" family="Anhingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anhingidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D19DEFE49D1043C5B" box="[402,614,509,533]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phalacrocoracidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A3EFE49D1A73C5B" authorityName="Reichenbach" authorityYear="1849" box="[626,709,509,533]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sulidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A81FE49D3A93C7A" class="Aves" family="Pelecanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pelecanidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1946FDA8D2B93C7A" authorityName="Poche" authorityYear="1904" box="[266,475,540,564]" class="Aves" family="Threskiornithidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Threskiornithidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D19BFFDA8D1C13C7A" author="Mironov, S. V." box="[499,675,540,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="9 - 58" refId="ref8055" refString="Mironov, S. V. 2000. A review of the feather mite genus Scutomegninia Dubinin, 1951 (Acarina: Analgoidea: Avenzoariidae). Acarina, 8 (1): 9 - 58." type="journal article" year="2000">Mironov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). In fact,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D183EFD8FD2B83C1D" authorityName="Dubinin and Dubinina" authorityYear="1940" box="[114,474,571,595]" class="Arachnida" family="Avenzoariidae" genus="Scutomegninia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalacrocoracis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D183EFD8FD2B83C1D" box="[114,474,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Scutomegninia phalacrocoracis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with the great cormorant,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1972FDEED14A3C3C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[318,552,602,626]" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbo">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1972FDEED14A3C3C" box="[318,552,602,626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Phalacrocorax carbo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and its finding on the grey heron in this study is certainly a case of accidental contamination. As a matter of fact,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1AFCFD2DD3983C9E" authorityName="Dubinin and Dubinina" authorityYear="1940" class="Arachnida" family="Avenzoariidae" genus="Scutomegninia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalacrocoracis">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1AFCFD2DD3983C9E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">S. phalacrocoracis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported a few on cormorant
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1A98FD0CD38B3CBE" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1760" class="Aves" family="Phalacrocoracidae" genus="Phalacrocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1A98FD0CD38B3CBE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Phalacrocorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hosts in African, Asia, and Europe (Atyeo and Peterson, 1967;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1966FD43D2B73D41" author="Mironov, S. V." box="[298,469,759,783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="43 - 55" refId="ref7983" refString="Mironov, S. V. 1990. A review of species of feather mites in the genus Scutomegninia (Analgoidea, Avenzoariidae) from cormorants. Parazitologiya, 24 (1): 43 - 55. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1990">Mironov, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1B0CF99BD70A3806" bold="true" box="[832,1128,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes musicus</emphasis>
Vitzthum, 1922
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Materials examined.
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and
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from flight feathers of the common blackbird,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C9FF93ED0C4388F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merula">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C9FF93ED61A38EC" box="[1235,1400,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Turdus merula</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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(
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:
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),
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,
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,
<date id="011F3896EC77042D1DFBF91DD0D638AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" value="2022-06-22">22 June 2022</date>
, coll. G. Eren (as shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9A02D3EC77042D1CACF97CD67D38AE" box="[1248,1311,1736,1760]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[114,193,1280,1304]" captionTargetBox="[113,1503,705,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-548@3.[113,1503,705,1273]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Mites of the family Proctophyllodidae—A. Pterodectes rutilus, male (scale bar: 100), B-C. Proctophyllodes musi- cus, male (scale bar: 200) and female (scale bar: 100)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10830297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10830297/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
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Remarks. The feather mite
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1CD6F8B6D6D13954" box="[1178,1459,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes musicus</emphasis>
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is restricted to thrushes of the genus
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C9DF896D6423974" box="[1233,1312,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Turdus</emphasis>
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(
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) and it has been reported from birds of this genus in Africa, Asia, and Europe (Atyeo and Braasch, 1966).
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1D18F8D4D0B539D9" authorityName="Vitzthum" authorityYear="1922" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="musicus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1D18F8D4D0B539D9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes musicus</emphasis>
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on the common blackbird,
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<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1D5EF8CBD6D539D9" box="[1298,1463,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Turdus merula</emphasis>
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, is reported herein for the first time in
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.
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<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC77042D1B0CFBDCD7703AEF" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D1B0CFBDCD7703AEF" blockId="2.[832,1494,1128,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC77042D1B0CFBDCD7703AEF" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1B0CFBDCD7703AEF" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1B0CFBDCD64A3ACF" authority="Mack-Fira" authorityName="Mack-Fira" box="[832,1320,1128,1153]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1B0CFBDCD7FF3ACF" bold="true" box="[832,1181,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes mesocaulus</emphasis>
Mack-Fira
</taxonomicName>
and Cristea- Nastasescu, 1968
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBB4DDDEC77042D1B0CFB76D6A83841" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D1B0CFB76D79A3B76" blockId="2.[832,1493,1218,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Materials examined.
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC77042D1C7BFB77D7F63A94" box="[1079,1172,1218,1243]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="63A7D5DFEC77042D1C9BFB77D6283A94" box="[1239,1354,1218,1243]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
from flight feathers of the black redstart,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C94FB56D0943B57" authority="(Gmelin, 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Phoenicurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochruros">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C94FB56D6B73AB4" box="[1240,1493,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Phoenicurus ochruros</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1774)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C43FAB5D7D53B57" box="[1039,1207,1281,1305]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C87FAB5D6083B57" box="[1227,1386,1281,1305]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muscicapidae</taxonomicName>
),
<collectingRegion id="B765D0B4EC77042D1DCBFAB5D6B33B57" box="[1415,1489,1281,1305]" country="Turkey" name="Artvin" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Artvin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D1B0CFA95D0F93B77" box="[832,923,1313,1337]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="011F3896EC77042D1BE8FA95D7003B77" box="[932,1122,1313,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" value="2022-01-21">21 January 2022</date>
, coll. G. Eren.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D1B0CFAEED6A83841" blockId="2.[832,1494,1370,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Remarks. The feather mite
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1CDAFAEED6B73B3C" box="[1174,1493,1370,1394]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1CDAFAEED6B73B3C" box="[1174,1493,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes mesocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously known only from the common redstart,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1B0CFA2DD6213BFF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[832,1347,1433,1457]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Phoenicurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenicurus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1B0CFA2DD7033BFF" box="[832,1121,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Phoenicurus phoenicurus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
, in Europe (
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D1B0BFA0CD0D33B9E" box="[839,945,1464,1488]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Romania</collectingCountry>
) (Mack-Firă and Cristea- Năstăsescu, 1968; Mironov et al., 2022). The finding of
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1CA5FA63D0F73841" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1CA5FA63D0F73841" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes mesocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1BF1FA43D72B3841" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[957,1097,1527,1551]" class="Aves" family="Muscicapidae" genus="Phoenicurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochruros">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1BF1FA43D72B3841" box="[957,1097,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Ph. ochruros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new host record for this mite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
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<mods:title id="28487DC09D1C85D7854C5FD6620D35F3">New records of feather mites (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmata) from some birds in Türkiye</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88DEC33D5074F9D82BD3ACDEFA449A46">Eren, Gökhan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1ED370E4B61E40465597E2E9EC8F84BD">Öztürk, Mehmet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5BC0DC9EB830815A136BF18D5203F4A1">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz MayIs University, Samsun, Türkiye</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DB7D69B5EA6D991C1EC652AFC4417C96">Mironov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D1B0CFD95D7AC3C77" blockId="2.[832,1230,544,569]" box="[832,1230,544,569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="2E56A93AEC77042D1B0CFD95D7AC3C77" box="[832,1230,544,569]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" reason="3">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1BC0FD94D7AC3C77" authority="Robin, 1877" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" box="[908,1230,544,569]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1BC0FD94D75C3C76" box="[908,1086,544,568]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes</emphasis>
Robin, 1877
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="751E1E56EC77042D1B0CFDEED7263A06" blockId="2.[832,1494,602,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
Remarks. The genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C7AFDEED78A3C3C" authorityName="Robin" authorityYear="1877" box="[1078,1256,602,626]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C7AFDEED78A3C3C" box="[1078,1256,602,626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 184 described species is most species-rich genus among all feather mite families (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1BE7FD2DD73E3CFF" author="Mironov, S. V." box="[939,1116,665,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="130 - 158" refId="ref8093" refString="Mironov, S. V. 2012. New species of the feather mite genus Proctophyllodes Robin, 1877 (Acari: Analgoidea: Proctophyllodidae) from European passerines (Aves: Passeriformes), with an updated checklist of the genus. Acarina, 20 (2): 130 - 158." type="journal article" year="2012">Mironov, 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1C26FD2DD7CA3CFF" author="Mironov, S. V." box="[1130,1192,665,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="151 - 164" refId="ref8214" refString="Mironov, S. V. 2019. Two new feather mites of the genus Proctophyllodes Robin (Acariformes: Proctophyllodidae) associated with passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in the Russian Far East. Acarina, 27 (2): 151 - 164. doi: 10.21684 / 0132 - 8077 - 2019 - 27 - 2 - 151 - 164" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1CFAFD2DD01C3C9E" author="Pedroso, L. G. A. &amp; Hernandes, F. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="1081 - 1096" refId="ref8729" refString="Pedroso, L. G. A. and Hernandes, F. A. 2021. Two new feath- er mites of the genus Proctophyllodes Robin (Acariformes: Proctophyllodinae) from passerines in Brazil. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 26 (6): 1081 - 1096. doi: 10.11158 / saa. 26.6.6" type="journal article" year="2021">Pedroso and Hernandes, 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Mites of this genus are mainly associated with birds of the order
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C5FFD6CD7D43CBE" box="[1043,1206,728,752]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
, with a few species from birds of the orders
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C76FD43D7AC3D41" box="[1082,1230,759,783]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Apodiformes</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1CADFD43D6FE3D41" box="[1249,1436,759,783]" class="Aves" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Charadriiformes</taxonomicName>
and Piciformes (Atyeo and Braasch, 1966;
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1D49FCA2D0CF3D03" author="Mironov, S. V. &amp; Hallan, J." pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="23 - 28" refId="ref8345" refString="Mironov, S. V. and Hallan, J. 2022. Substitute names for six cases of primary homonyms in the feather mite genus Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868 (Acariformes: Proctophyllodidae). Acarina, 30 (1): 23 - 28. doi: 10.21684 / 0132 - 8077 - 2022 - 30 - 1 - 23 - 28" type="journal article" year="2022">Mironov and Hallan, 2022</bibRefCitation>
). In studies previously conducted in
<collectingCountry id="0DB65EC6EC77042D1D07FC81D6C43D03" box="[1355,1446,821,845]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
, ten species of this genus,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C35FCE1D71C3DC2" authority="Badek, Mironov and Dabert, 2008" authorityName="Badek, Mironov and Dabert" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cetti">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C35FCE1D6133D22" box="[1145,1393,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Proctophyllodes cetti</emphasis>
Badek, Mironov and Dabert, 2008
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1CC2FCC0D6D33DC2" authority="Fritsch, 1961" authorityName="Fritsch" authorityYear="1961" box="[1166,1457,884,908]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1CC2FCC0D66A3DC2" box="[1166,1288,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. clavatus</emphasis>
Fritsch, 1961
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1D8EFCC0D7303DE5" authority="Gaud, 1957" authorityName="Gaud" authorityYear="1957" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doleophyes">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1D8EFCC0D0D93DE5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. doleophyes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1B84FC27D7303DE5" author="Gaud, J." box="[968,1106,915,939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="105 - 136" refId="ref6753" refString="Gaud, J. 1957. Acariens plumicoles (Analgesoidea) parasites des oiseaux du Maroc. I. Proctophyllodidae. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc, 37: 105 - 136. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gaud, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C2FFC20D08B3D85" authority="Burdejnaja and Kivganov, 2009 a" authorityName="Burdejnaja and Kivganov" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusciniae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C2FFC20D7873DE5" box="[1123,1253,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. lusciniae</emphasis>
Burdejnaja and
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1DF8FC27D08B3D85" author="Kivganov, D. A. &amp; Chernichko, E. I." pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="87 - 92" refId="ref7583" refString="Kivganov, D. A. and Chernichko, E. I. 2009 a. A review of feather mites from waders in the south of Ukraine. Zapovidna sprava v Ukraini, 15 (2): 87 - 92. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="2009">Kivganov, 2009a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1BB9FC07D6B33D84" authority="Mac-Fira and Cristea, 1968" authorityName="Mac-Fira and Cristea" authorityYear="1968" box="[1013,1489,946,970]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesocaulus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1BB9FC07D7F23D84" box="[1013,1168,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. mesocaulus</emphasis>
Mac-Fira and Cristea, 1968
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1B0CFC67D7F13DA4" authority="(Koch, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[832,1171,978,1002]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubeculinus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1B0CFC67D0863DA4" box="[832,996,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. rubeculinus</emphasis>
(Koch, 1941)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1CEBFC67D01E3A47" authority="Vitzthum, 1929" authorityName="Vitzthum" authorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scolopacinus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1CEBFC67D6343DA4" box="[1191,1366,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. scolopacinus</emphasis>
Vitzthum, 1929
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1BC0FC46D7AA3A47" authority="(Buckholz 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Buckholz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[908,1224,1009,1033]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stylifer">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1BC0FC46D0953A47" box="[908,1015,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. stylifer</emphasis>
(Buckholz 1869)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1C95FC46D6B73A47" authority="Gaud, 1957" authorityName="Gaud" authorityYear="1957" box="[1241,1493,1009,1033]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1C95FC46D6203A47" box="[1241,1346,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. sylviae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1D02FC45D6B73A47" author="Gaud, J." box="[1358,1493,1009,1033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="105 - 136" refId="ref6753" refString="Gaud, J. 1957. Acariens plumicoles (Analgesoidea) parasites des oiseaux du Maroc. I. Proctophyllodidae. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc, 37: 105 - 136. [In French]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gaud, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A165D5EC77042D1B3EFBA5D7FF3A66" authority="Megnin, 1877" authorityName="Megnin" authorityYear="1877" box="[882,1181,1040,1064]" class="Arachnida" family="Proctophyllodidae" genus="Proctophyllodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troncatus">
<emphasis id="47D5C244EC77042D1B3EFBA5D0953A66" box="[882,1015,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">P. troncatus</emphasis>
Mégnin, 1877
</taxonomicName>
, have been reported so far (
<bibRefCitation id="113063A7EC77042D1B04FB84D75A3A06" author="Eren, G. &amp; ACici, M." box="[840,1080,1072,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" pagination="21 - 27" refId="ref6535" refString="Eren, G. and ACici, M. 2022. A contribution to avian ectoparasite fauna of Turkey: the reports of feather mites and tick on the Great tit (Parus major L.). Acarological Studies, 4 (1): 21 - 27. doi: 10.47121 / acarolstud. 970440" type="journal article" year="2022">Eren and AÇıcı, 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
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<mods:title id="4427230751126A3273B54C7ED9214CE3">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 2. Nymphaceae bis Primulaceae (2 nd edition) (p. 956): Saxifragaceae</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="04C81541E338156B5921C24F50263415" authority="Engler" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="null" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="presolanensis">
Saxifraga
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Engler
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<paragraph id="BAD1A58DCB6AE1171ED701920A38F891" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">Presolana-Steinbrech</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</title>
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<paragraph id="FB1EA014359DDDC689F8EFD43B8A0FD1" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis id="F61476DF3877D047AEAC545F5B825B11" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">S. muscoides</emphasis>
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(Nr. 30). Abgestorbene und ausgetrocknete
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ebenfalls silbergrau.
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der Rosetten wie bei
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<taxonomicName id="E07EFFC1D66BE1DE875C81FDFEB9E5D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="null" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscoides">S. muscoides</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Stengel 8-12 cm lang,
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;
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etwa 2mal so lang wie bei
<emphasis id="797C9A7187C6347833201896AE3B8B9D" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">
<taxonomicName id="13B98D87D08968227E2FDE023ED4FAD9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="null" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscoides">S. muscoides</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
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nach dem Grunde
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(bei
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<emphasis id="D82B7B1E5C89D86985DEF5585ABAA0A0" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">S. muscoides</emphasis>
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nicht
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).
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schmal
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,
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als die
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und etwa 2mal so lang wie diese,
<emphasis id="33FE544B317C0E63750D315F99B36EE1" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">an der Spitze mit 2 Zipfeln und dazwischen mit kleinem, spitzem Zahn</emphasis>
(an der Form der
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von den
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Arten leicht zu unterscheiden). -
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: Sommer.
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<emphasis id="4AAAF2D653D68029FB19B37A046BD65C" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="D2097A1AF25F090AA909C30B29A49446" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">16:</emphasis>
Material vom Monte Arera in den Bergamasker Alpen (Damboldt und Podlech 1963).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1D95941F5D641488E76FC5EA2B7057FB" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">Standort.</emphasis>
Subalpin (1750-2000 m).
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,
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und Kamine der Kalkfelsen, meist in Nordexposition.
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<paragraph id="DA23EE9630941B3065503F718F251B9B" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="E74715276DE2E0F815A62A2A12E1F67C" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">Verbreitung. Pflanze der Bergamasker Alpen.</emphasis>
Nur in den Bergamasker Alpen: Monte Presolana, Monte Arera, Monte Pegherolo, Pizzo Camino, Cimone di Bagozza.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9B7B61F774755984A1142B9CE0C027F" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="B6DA2E56E83C834B9970B98F816139B1" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">
Bemerkungen.
<taxonomicName id="65C2B6F1371888A3F863A3F1B16AD325" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="null" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="presolanensis">S. presolanensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
wurde 1894 von A. Engler am Monte Presolana (Bergamasker Alpen) entdeckt, wurde aber nur wenig bekannt. 1956 von
<normalizedToken id="430412385B60EC5A595B36E49DB8AA81" originalValue="Merxmüller" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">Merxmueller</normalizedToken>
am Monte Arera neu gefunden. Die Angaben
<normalizedToken id="8D6A344F4DE16390DB0029047AC71AAA" originalValue="über" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">ueber</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="525D4582CC9EC5E3C08E9114BE1F0C17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="null" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="presolanensis">
<emphasis id="743CADF951C0271D96E8CD46E594B7B4" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">S. presolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sind z. T.
<normalizedToken id="400D34FE1A089261B863BD74A3B72746" originalValue="Merxmüller" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">Merxmueller</normalizedToken>
und Wiedmann (1957) entnommen. Unsere Zeichnung nach lebendem Material vom Monte Presolana. Fundortsangaben (mit Karte) und Abbildungen der Pflanze von Arieti und Fenaroli (1960). Die Verbreitung von
<taxonomicName id="9B20A0356C7AAF0CD8A6E0DCC4DACCC3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="null" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="presolanensis">
<emphasis id="7CA4A963123FABBC611AB617713DA219" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="293">S. presolanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sollte in den Bergamasker Alpen weiter untersucht werden.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
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Subsection
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77301637-1" authority="T. Boza &amp; M. Kessler" authorityName="T. Boza &amp; M. Kessler" authorityYear="2022" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pepea" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pepea" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus" status="sect. nov.">Pepea T.Boza &amp; M.Kessler</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sect. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shrubs or trees, 1-2 lateral leaflet pairs; lower leaflet surfaces lanate or sericeous; fruit slightly twisted with short spines, densely sericeous.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis pepei" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="pepei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis pepei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B.B. Simpson.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The subsectional epithet
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. Boza &amp; M. Kessler" authorityYear="2022" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pepea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pepea" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pepea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
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@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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<mods:title>Two new xylophile cytheroid ostracods (Crustacea) from Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, with remarks on the systematics and phylogeny of the family Keysercytheridae, Limnocytheridae, and Paradoxostomatidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Tanaka, Hayato</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tokyo Sea Life Park, 6 - 2 - 3 Rinkai-cho, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134 - 8587, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yoo, Hyunsu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory (MERIL), 17, Gosan-ro, 148 beon-gil, Gun-po-si, Gyoenggi-do, 15180, South Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pham, Huyen Thi Minh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Karanovic, Ivana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-9952</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea &amp; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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Keysercythere enricoi Karanovic and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
, 2015
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron microscope images of valves of Keysercythere enricoi. A RV, external lateral view B LV, external lateral view C LV, internal lateral view D RV, internal lateral view. Scale bar: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.79.e62282.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553300" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128195305" accessionNumber="SMF 57049" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Four, Seventy-five, All, KuramBio II, RV Sonne, Expedition" elevation="5134" latitude="43.794" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="151.74184" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName>Four</collectorName>
specimens dissected, valves preserved in one cardboard cell slide (
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SMF57049">SMF 57049</accessionNumber>
-57052).
<collectorName>Seventy-five</collectorName>
specimens undissected, stored in one vial filled with 80% ethanol.
<collectorName>All</collectorName>
specimens were collected from the sampling station SO250_9 of
<collectorName>KuramBio II</collectorName>
expedition (
<collectorName>
RV
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Sonne</emphasis>
</collectorName>
, 250th
<collectorName>Expedition</collectorName>
), trawled from
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="48.43" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="43.807167">43°48.43'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="44.35" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="151.73917">151°44.35'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1339999999999995" unit="m" value="5134.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1339999999999995" unit="m" value="5134.0">5134 m</elevation>
</quantity>
to
<geoCoordinate degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="47.64" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="43.794">43°47.64'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="44.51" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="151.74184">151°44.51'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.101" unit="m" value="5101.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.101" unit="m" value="5101.0">5101 m</elevation>
</quantity>
by AGT on 19th August, 2016
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
This species has been found from the abyssal plain of Northwestern Pacific, ranging from 39°43.47ʹN, 147°10.11ʹE, 5229 m to 39°42.54ʹN, 147°9.51ʹE, 5217 m (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.09.008" author="Karanovic, I" journalOrPublisher="Deep-Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" pagination="76 - 94" refId="B37" refString="Karanovic, I, Brandao, SN, 2015. Biogeography of deep-sea wood fall, cold seep and hydrothermal vent Ostracoda (Crustacea), with the description of a new family and a taxonomic key to living Cytheroidea. Deep-Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography 111: 76 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.09.008" title="Biogeography of deep-sea wood fall, cold seep and hydrothermal vent Ostracoda (Crustacea), with the description of a new family and a taxonomic key to living Cytheroidea." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.09.008" volume="111" year="2015">
Karanovic and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). This study is the second record of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karanovic and Brandao" authorityYear="2015" class="Ostracoda" family="Keysercytheridae" genus="Keysercythere" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Keysercythere enricoi" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enricoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Keysercythere enricoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and it is collected from sunken natural wood pieces on deep-sea in the same way as previous report (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.09.008" author="Karanovic, I" journalOrPublisher="Deep-Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" pagination="76 - 94" refId="B37" refString="Karanovic, I, Brandao, SN, 2015. Biogeography of deep-sea wood fall, cold seep and hydrothermal vent Ostracoda (Crustacea), with the description of a new family and a taxonomic key to living Cytheroidea. Deep-Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography 111: 76 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.09.008" title="Biogeography of deep-sea wood fall, cold seep and hydrothermal vent Ostracoda (Crustacea), with the description of a new family and a taxonomic key to living Cytheroidea." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.09.008" volume="111" year="2015">
Karanovic and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Because we found this species approximately 600 km to the southwest from the type locality, it must be widely distributed in this area, and its distribution can be associated with natural wood falls scattered on the deep-sea floor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="171" type="dna sequence">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">DNA sequence.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">The 18S rDNA sequence of two specimens were obtained. GenBank accession numbers are MW338924 (1704 bp) and MW338925 (1256 bp).</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/asp.79.e62282.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553300" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscope images of valves of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karanovic and Brandao" authorityYear="2015" class="Ostracoda" family="Keysercytheridae" genus="Keysercythere" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Keysercythere enricoi" order="Podocopida" pageId="0" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enricoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">Keysercythere enricoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">A</emphasis>
RV, external lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">B</emphasis>
LV, external lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">C</emphasis>
LV, internal lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="171">D</emphasis>
RV, internal lateral view. Scale bar: 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="743">S. testae labro antice mucronato, dorso muricato, cauda erecta acuta.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="744">
<emphasis italics="true">
<pageBreakToken pageNumber="744">Rumph</pageBreakToken>
. mus. t.
</emphasis>
37.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="744">
<emphasis italics="true">Gvalt. test. t.</emphasis>
32.
<emphasis italics="true">f. H.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="744">
<emphasis italics="true">Argenv. conch. t.</emphasis>
17.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="744">
<emphasis italics="true">Klein. ostr. t.</emphasis>
6.
<emphasis italics="true">f.</emphasis>
106.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="744">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
O. Asiae.
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<heading id="2E57D5384818FFC7FF77F9BCFE72401A" bold="true" box="[151,488,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464818FFC7FF77F9BCFED5401B" bold="true" box="[151,335,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Sphaeriodiscus</emphasis>
Fisher 1910
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464818FFC7FF77F9F1FEA840D9" box="[151,306,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Sphaeriodiscus</emphasis>
Fisher, 1910: 171
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; 1911: 167; Tortonese &amp; A.M. Clark, 1956: 343;
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54818FFC7FC31F9F1FB0F40D9" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[977,1173,1659,1683]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref19835" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halpern, 1970b: 79</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454818FFC7FB38F9F1FEED40F8" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J." page="249" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54818FFC7FB38F9F1FEED40F8" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J." pageId="33" pageNumber="494" refId="ref18485" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976: 249</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454818FFC7FE61F910FD3E40F8" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[385,676,1690,1714]" page="265" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54818FFC7FE61F910FD3E40F8" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[385,676,1690,1714]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey, 1992: 265</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; H.E.S.
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454818FFC7FD17F910FBB440F8" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[759,1070,1690,1714]" page="133" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54818FFC7FD17F910FBB440F8" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[759,1070,1690,1714]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref18546" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight, 2001: 133</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4818FFC7FF77F96AFAF2412C" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464818FFC7FF77F96AFE8A40B0" bold="true" box="[151,272,1760,1786]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF77F8A2FAF2412C" blockId="33.[151,1436,1832,1895]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
Body pentagonal. Abactinal plates weakly tabulate, covered by evenly distributed granules. Marginal plates few, tumid with swollen or enlarged penultimates. Pedicellariae spatulate. Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54818FFC7FBAFF8C6FAFE412C" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[1103,1380,1868,1895]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF481BFFC4FF77FF1DFB694757" pageId="34" pageNumber="495" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F6254481BFFC4FF77FF1DFE8446FB" blockId="34.[151,286,151,177]" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="34" pageNumber="495">
<heading id="2E57D538481BFFC4FF77FF1DFE8446FB" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="495" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481BFFC4FF77FF1DFE8446FB" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="34" pageNumber="495">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481BFFC4FF77FF55FB694757" blockId="34.[151,1437,223,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="495">
The difficult distinction between
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481BFFC4FDEEFF55FD2346B3" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1910" box="[526,697,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sphaeriodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="495" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481BFFC4FDEEFF55FD2346B3" box="[526,697,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="495">Sphaeriodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481BFFC4FD11FF55FCCC46B3" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[753,854,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="495" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481BFFC4FD11FF55FCCC46B3" box="[753,854,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="495">Peltaster</emphasis>
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has been outlined elsewhere (e.g. Mah 2011, 2018) with difficulties lying in the variable diagnostic character, the enlarged penultimate marginal plates.
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FF77FC7EFECE4246" author="Forbes, E." box="[151,340,1012,1036]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="114 - 129" refId="ref19383" refString="Forbes, E. (1839) On the Asteriadae of the Irish Sea. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh, 8, 114 - 129." type="journal article" year="1839">Forbes, 1839: 120</bibRefCitation>
;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FDEEFC7EFCD94241" author="Danielssen, D. C. &amp; Koren, J." box="[526,835,1011,1036]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="267 - 299" refId="ref18715" refString="Danielssen, D. C. &amp; Koren, J. (1882) Fra den norske Nordhavsexpedition, Echinodermer. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 27, 267 - 299." type="journal article" year="1882">Danielssen &amp; Koren 1882: 50</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FCAFFC7EFB9F4241" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[847,1029,1011,1036]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 452</bibRefCitation>
;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FB31FC7EFA024241" author="Acloque, A." box="[1233,1432,1011,1036]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" refId="ref17876" refString="Acloque, A. (1900) Faune de France contenant la description de toutes les especes indigenes-avec une preface par E. Perrier. Bailliere, Paris, 500 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34225" type="book" year="1900">Acloque 1900: 256</bibRefCitation>
;
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;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FDACFB98FD2F4260" author="Hayashi, R." box="[588,693,1042,1066]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="107 - 204" refId="ref19976" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the Classification of the sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (7), 107 - 204." type="journal article" year="1940">1940: 174</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FD5FFB98FC1F4260" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[703,901,1042,1066]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref18787" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) n. k. Morskie Zvezdy Morei SSSR T U, 34, 1 - 203. [translated as Dyakonov, A. M. (1968) In: Strelkov, A. A. (Ed.), Sea stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the USSR. Vol. 34. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Israel Program for scientific translations Ltd., Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 183.]" type="book chapter" year="1950">Djakonov 1950: 65</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FC70FB98FBEA4260" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[912,1136,1042,1066]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="241 - 277" refId="ref18135" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1964) Asteroideos argentinos. Claves para los ordenes, familias, subfamilies y generos. Physis Buenos Aires, 24, 241 - 277." type="journal article" year="1964">Bernasconi 1964: 258</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FB9AFB98FB794260" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[1146,1251,1042,1066]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="211 - 281" refId="ref18166" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1970) Equinodermos Antarticos. II. Asteroideos. 3. Asteroideos de la extremidad Norte de la Peninsula Antarctica. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot; e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales, 9 (10), 211 - 281, 20 pls." type="journal article" year="1970">1970: 249</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FB0EFB98FEAA4203" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." pageId="37" pageNumber="498" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 301</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF77FBFDFE8A42DB" bold="true" box="[151,272,1143,1169]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF77FB35FA004323" blockId="37.[151,1437,1215,1386]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
Arms 7 to 17. Abactinal skeleton composed of close-set cruciform or rounded plates (paxillae also referred to as pseudopaxillae) with non-penicillate spinelets. Papular pores single. Marginal plates paxillate in some species, disproportionately sized small superomarginals similar in stature to abactinal paxillae, inferomarginals, prominent, 3X to 4X larger than abactinal paxillae, evenly spaced along arm length. Actinal plates spinose with multifid tips. Subambulacral spines forming distinct transverse fans. Furrow spines palmate, unwebbed. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FAE0FAC5FA0C4323" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1280,1430,1359,1385]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref21224" refString="Mah, C. L. (2023 b) New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea). Zootaxa, 5310 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5310.1.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Mah (2023b)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF481CFFC3FF77FA27FD3B40AB" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF77FA27FE84438D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1453,1479]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481CFFC3FF77FA65FF694043" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,243,1519,1545]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF77FA65FF694043" box="[151,243,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Solaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely occurring, contains 23 species known primarily from cold to temperate water settings, notably those at high latitudes.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481CFFC3FE44F999FDC14067" box="[420,603,1555,1581]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FE44F999FD9A4067" box="[420,512,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Solaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
present in tropical and subtropical regions (e.g.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FB6DF999FAD74067" box="[1165,1357,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Solaster tropicus</emphasis>
Fisher 1913
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) occur almost entirely in deep-sea settings with some present at considerable depths (
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). Although full ecological data on all species is incomplete, available observations and gut content data indicate known
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481CFFC3FF0DF9F5FED340D3" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1839" box="[237,329,1663,1689]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF0DF9F5FED340D3" box="[237,329,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Solaster</emphasis>
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are predators, primarily on other echinoderms, notably sea cucumbers, ophiuroids, and sea stars (Jangoux 1982). Character differences among Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481CFFC3FCE3F929FC0F40F4" box="[771,917,1699,1726]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FCE3F929FCC540F7" box="[771,863,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Solaster</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
summarized in
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are at times, problematic and revision is desirable.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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Body stellate, Rr=2.7. Arms six, slender, disc large, flat, interbrachial arcs rounded. Abactinal surface covered by small subpaxillate plates, each with spinelets, 2 to 4. Distinct bare interradial space present with a prominent madreporite present in one bare interradius. Marginal plates composed of a large, single paxillae, widely spaced, each with pointed spines, 5 to 6, directed outward, spines perpendicular to the plane of the disc. Adambulacral furrow spines 4 to 5, parallel to furrow, subambulacral spines small. Modified from
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.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FF77FCE8FDC04531" bold="true" box="[151,602,865,892]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FF77FCE8FE394536" bold="true" box="[151,419,865,892]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Laetmaster spectabilis</emphasis>
(
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)
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF481DFFC2FF77FC0FFE8545D5" box="[151,287,901,927]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254481DFFC2FF77FC0FFE8545D5" blockId="36.[151,602,865,927]" box="[151,287,901,927]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1481DFFC2FF77FC0FFE8545D5" box="[151,287,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="36.[152,255,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1193,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-158@36.[151,1436,1193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 16. Laetmaster spectabilis Mona Canyon, Puerto Rico. 3915 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910761/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">FIGURE 16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF481DFFC2FF77FC40FCA9424B" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="751F6254481DFFC2FF77FC40FD6445A8" blockId="36.[151,819,970,1025]" box="[151,766,970,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481DFFC2FF77FC40FD8045A8" ID-CoL="6BMT8" authority="Perrier 1881: 18" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,538,970,994]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Ctenaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FF77FC40FEF645A8" box="[151,364,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Ctenaster spectabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481DFFC2FE93FC40FD8045A8" author="Perrier, E." box="[371,538,970,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref22038" refString="Perrier, E. (1881) Report on the Results of dredging in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877 - 79, by the United States Coastal Survey Steamer Blake. 14. Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 9, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1881">Perrier 1881: 18</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481DFFC2FDC5FC40FD1445A8" author="Perrier, E." box="[549,654,970,994]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref22098" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragage faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Nouvelles a rchives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">1884: 215</bibRefCitation>
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;
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A481DFFC2FF77FC63FCA9424B" box="[151,819,1000,1025]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445481DFFC2FF77FC63FDBE424B" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[151,548,1000,1025]" page="88" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" year="1908">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481DFFC2FF77FC63FDBE424B" ID-CoL="6NST9" authority="Fisher 1908: 88" authorityName="Fisher" authorityPageNumber="88" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,548,1000,1025]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Laetmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FF77FC63FEE6424A" box="[151,380,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Laetmaster spectabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481DFFC2FE62FC62FDBE424B" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[386,548,1000,1025]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref19167" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1908) Necessary changes in the nomenclature of starfishes. Smithsonian Miscellaneous collections (Quarterly), 52, 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="1908">Fisher 1908: 88</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481DFFC2FDCFFC62FC8B424A" author="Kennedy, B. R. C. &amp; Cantwell, K. &amp; Sowers, D. &amp; Quattrini, A. M. &amp; Cheadle, M. J. &amp; McKenna, L." box="[559,785,1000,1024]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" refId="ref20271" refString="Kennedy, B. R. C., Cantwell, K., Sowers, D., Quattrini, A. M., Cheadle, M. J. &amp; McKenna, L. (2015) EX 1502 L 3 Expedition Report- Oceano Profundo 2015: Exploring Puerto Rico's Seamounts, Trenches, and Troughs. OER Expedition Rep. 2015 - 02 - 03. Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Office of Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Research, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, 93 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.7289 / V 5 NG 4 NM 8" type="book" year="2015">
Kennedy
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FD70FC63FD5E424A" box="[656,708,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
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: 22
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<heading id="2E57D538481DFFC2FF77FBA4FE8A4202" bold="true" box="[151,272,1070,1096]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FF77FBA4FE8A4202" bold="true" box="[151,272,1070,1096]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481DFFC2FF77FBFDFEB442DB" blockId="36.[151,302,1143,1169]" box="[151,302,1143,1169]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">As for genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="751F6254481DFFC2FF78F819FC1541E1" blockId="36.[152,911,1939,1963]" box="[152,911,1939,1963]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FF78F819FEBF41E1" bold="true" box="[152,293,1939,1963]" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7481DFFC2FECBF81EFD3641E1" authority="Mona Canyon" authorityName="Mona Canyon" box="[299,684,1939,1963]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Laetmaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="36" pageNumber="497" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481DFFC2FECBF81EFD8941E1" bold="true" box="[299,531,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="497">Laetmaster spectabilis</emphasis>
Mona Canyon
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, Puerto Rico. 3915 m.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF481CFFC3FF77FF1DFBEF47E7" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" type="discussion">
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<heading id="2E57D538481CFFC3FF77FF1DFE8446FB" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF77FF1DFE8446FB" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF77FF55FE95472F" blockId="37.[151,1437,223,430]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
This is the first observation of this species since its description and the first time it has been observed
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FAADFF6AFA0F46B3" box="[1357,1429,224,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">in situ</emphasis>
. The observed individual is consistent with the description of the
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6481CFFC3FC9EFE89FC794757" box="[894,995,259,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, MCZ 910, as summarized in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5481CFFC3FADFFE89FED1470B" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." pageId="37" pageNumber="498" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. Arm number is identical to that of the
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6481CFFC3FCE0FEADFCFC470B" box="[768,870,295,321]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Color of the observed individual is white with tan highlights.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF27FEE5FBEF47E7" blockId="37.[151,1437,223,430]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
The individual was observed on a vertical rock face, which was covered by dark brown, flocculent material. Depth occurrence (
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) was considerably deeper than that of the
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6481CFFC3FC7DFE19FC6547E7" box="[925,1023,403,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF481CFFC3FF77FE75FCBD44CC" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF77FE75FEB34453" blockId="37.[151,297,511,537]" box="[151,297,511,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF77FE75FEB34453" bold="true" box="[151,297,511,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF77FDCDFCBD44CC" blockId="37.[151,807,583,646]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
Only known occurrence.
<collectingRegion id="B764ACB6481CFFC3FE52FDC2FD904428" box="[434,522,584,610]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Havana</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4481CFFC3FDF6FDCDFDCB442B" box="[534,593,583,609]" name="Cuba" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB1481CFFC3FD86FDCDFD214428" box="[614,699,583,610]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.521" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="1521.0">1521 m</quantity>
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF27FDE6FEE744CF" box="[199,381,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">New occurrence</emphasis>
. Mona Canyon,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4481CFFC3FDD8FDE6FD5A44CF" box="[568,704,619,646]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB1481CFFC3FD2BFDE1FCB944CC" box="[715,803,619,646]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.915" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="3915.0">3915 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF481CFFC3FF77FD5DFC174514" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF77FD5DFEFC44BB" blockId="37.[151,358,727,753]" box="[151,358,727,753]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
<heading id="2E57D538481CFFC3FF77FD5DFEFC44BB" bold="true" box="[151,358,727,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46481CFFC3FF77FD5DFEFC44BB" bold="true" box="[151,358,727,753]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Image Observed</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF77FCAAFDAE4570" blockId="37.[151,909,799,862]" box="[151,564,799,826]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">
Mona Canyon,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4481CFFC3FEA5FCAAFE574573" box="[325,461,799,826]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB1481CFFC3FE38FC95FDAA4570" box="[472,560,799,826]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.915" pageId="37" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="3915.0">3915 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254481CFFC3FF77FCC9FC174514" blockId="37.[151,909,799,862]" box="[151,909,835,862]" pageId="37" pageNumber="498">EX1502L3_IMG_20150414T185040Z_ROVHD_ASR_TIGHT.jpg</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="751F62544820FFFFFF77F8A2FD834109" blockId="25.[151,537,1832,1895]" box="[151,537,1832,1859]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
<heading id="2E57D5384820FFFFFF77F8A2FD834109" bold="true" box="[151,537,1832,1859]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74820FFFFFF77F8A2FD834109" ID-CoL="3DJ6V" authority="Mah 2015" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,537,1832,1859]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="watlingi">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF77F8A2FD834109" bold="true" box="[151,537,1832,1859]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF77F8A2FE0F4109" bold="true" box="[151,405,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma watlingi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFE7CF8A3FD834109" author="Mah, C. L." box="[412,537,1833,1859]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20826" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 5), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah 2015</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="751F62544820FFFFFF77F8C7FEC9412D" blockId="25.[151,537,1832,1895]" box="[151,339,1869,1895]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14820FFFFFF77F8C7FEC9412D" box="[151,339,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-22@26.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. Evoplosoma watlingi (Goniasteridae) A. Dumbell Seamount, 2396 m. B. Corner Rise 1 Seamount, 2450 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910736/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">FIGURE 11AB</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFF77F81BFE8341E0" author="Mah, C. L." box="[151,281,1937,1962]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20826" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 5), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah 2015: 8</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="751F62544823FFFCFF78F9F8FAE340C0" blockId="26.[152,1401,1650,1674]" box="[152,1401,1650,1674]" pageId="26" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464823FFFCFF78F9F8FD2E40C0" bold="true" box="[152,692,1650,1674]" pageId="26" pageNumber="487">
FIGURE 11.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74823FFFCFECAF9F8FD9E40C0" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2015" box="[298,516,1650,1674]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="487" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="watlingi">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464823FFFCFECAF9F8FD9E40C0" bold="true" box="[298,516,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="487">Evoplosoma watlingi</emphasis>
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(
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74823FFFCFDF2F9F8FD3740C0" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[530,685,1650,1674]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="487" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
A. Dumbell Seamount, 2396 m. B. Corner Rise 1 Seamount, 2450 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4823FFFCFF77F956FADD41CC" pageId="26" pageNumber="487" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F62544823FFFCFF77F956FE8A40BC" blockId="26.[151,272,1756,1782]" box="[151,272,1756,1782]" pageId="26" pageNumber="487">
<heading id="2E57D5384823FFFCFF77F956FE8A40BC" bold="true" box="[151,272,1756,1782]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="487" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464823FFFCFF77F956FE8A40BC" bold="true" box="[151,272,1756,1782]" pageId="26" pageNumber="487">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544823FFFCFF77F8AEFADD41CC" blockId="26.[151,1437,1828,1927]" pageId="26" pageNumber="487">Body strongly stellate, interradial arcs rounded, arms triangular with arm tips tapering. Dense round, smooth granules covering abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces. Abactinal surface covered by evenly distributed conical spines. Furrow spines, four to five. Both furrow and subambulacral spines round in cross-section with conical tips.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4822FFFDFF77FF1DFC4F4708" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544822FFFDFF77FF1DFEB246FB" blockId="27.[151,296,151,177]" box="[151,296,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">
<heading id="2E57D5384822FFFDFF77FF1DFEB246FB" bold="true" box="[151,296,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77FF1DFEB246FB" bold="true" box="[151,296,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Body stellate with elongate arms, (
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/r=2.8), interradial arcs weakly curved to straight. Dense, round, smooth granules covering abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces. Abactinal surface mostly covered by evenly distributed conical spines. Furrow spines 4 to 5. Color of disk is yellow, arms orange.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4822FFFDFF77FE19FACD44CF" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F62544822FFFDFF77FE19FE8447E7" blockId="27.[151,286,403,429]" box="[151,286,403,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">
<heading id="2E57D5384822FFFDFF77FE19FE8447E7" bold="true" box="[151,286,403,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77FE19FE8447E7" bold="true" box="[151,286,403,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544822FFFDFF77FE51FB634474" blockId="27.[151,1436,475,646]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">
These individuals were identified based on the granules covering the abactinal and marginal surfaces with evenly distributed conical spines (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14822FFFDFE27FE75FDBB4453" box="[455,545,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). This is the second occurrence of this species, following its discovery at Bear Seamount. Observations reported here are also extensions of this species known bathymetric range.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544822FFFDFF27FDCDFACD44CF" blockId="27.[151,1436,475,646]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">
Color of the specimen from Dumbell Seamount (
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) differs in having a yellow disk and orange arms. In situ images of the
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF64822FFFDFE85FDE6FE0F44CC" box="[357,405,620,646]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">type</typeStatus>
specimen and the specimen in
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14822FFFDFD13FDE1FCCF44CF" box="[755,853,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="38.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-66@38.[151,1436,309,1754]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 17. Solaster and solasterid-pterasterid predation event.A. Solaster sp. feeding. B. Solasterid-pterasterid predation. Blake Spur Trough, North Atlantic, 3611 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910763/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
both show a more uniform dark orange color.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4822FFFDFF77FD5DFC6D4514" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751F62544822FFFDFF77FD5DFEB344BB" blockId="27.[151,297,727,753]" box="[151,297,727,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77FD5DFEB344BB" bold="true" box="[151,297,727,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
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Bear Seamount,
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,
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, North Atlantic,
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.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF27FCCEFEE74517" box="[199,381,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">New occurrence</emphasis>
. Dumbell Seamount,
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,
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-
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to 2396 m.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77FC25FEFC4583" bold="true" box="[151,358,943,969]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Image Observed</emphasis>
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Dumbell Seamount, North Atlantic
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,
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,
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(
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).
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Corner Rise 1 Seamount,
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<geoCoordinate id="109404934822FFFDFDD6FBB5FD234210" box="[566,697,1087,1114]" degrees="51.520257" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" precision="1" value="-51.520256">-51.520257</geoCoordinate>
,
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(
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).
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74820FFFFFF77FF1DFE5E46FB" ID-CoL="7NZZ4" authority="Fisher 1906" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,452,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF77FF1DFEB146F8" bold="true" box="[151,299,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFED3FF1DFE5E46FB" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[307,452,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref19137" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFF77FF56FEC946BE" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[151,339,220,244]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref19137" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906: 1065</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFEBEFF56FD8846BE" author="Koehler, R." box="[350,530,220,244]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref20380" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Asteries recueillies par l'Investigator dans l'ocean Indien. I. Les Asteries de Mer Profonde. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 5, 1 - 143, 13 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5038 / bin. books. 1017" type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909: 96</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFDFDFF56FC8946BE" author="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. R." box="[541,787,220,244]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="107" refId="ref22427" refString="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. R. (1966) Asterozoans, Part U: Echinodermata In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. 3 (1). University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, U 4 - U 107." type="book chapter" year="1966">Spencer &amp; Wright 1966</bibRefCitation>
: U58;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFCB6FF56FBEF46BE" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[854,1141,220,245]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 241</bibRefCitation>
; A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFB5BFF56FAF946BE" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1211,1379,220,244]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref18441" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993: 253</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFA8EFF56FEEA4759" author="Mah, C. L. &amp; Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L." pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref21498" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Mah
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF27FF71FF604759" box="[199,250,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 278
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFE9AFF71FE644759" author="Mah, C. L." box="[378,510,251,275]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20826" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 5), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah 2015: 2</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFDE9FF71FDF84759" author="Mah, C. L." box="[521,610,251,275]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref21115" refString="Mah, C. L. (2022) New Genera, Species and Occurrence of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the Tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa, 5164 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022: 42</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4820FFFFFF77FEEFFD9A42AA" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF77FEEFFE8A4735" bold="true" box="[151,272,357,383]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544820FFFFFF77FE27FBCD4239" blockId="25.[151,1437,429,1248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
Body strongly stellate. Arm narrow, elongate.
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/r ranges from 2.34.11 (most between 3.04.0). Interradial arcs straight to weakly curved. Abactinal plates, flat and platform-like. Carinal series poorly distinguished. Abactinal plates tightly articulated. Body covered by tissue layer with pulpy texture that overlies plates and spines (seen more clearly in wet specimens). Prominent spines on abactinal, superomarginal, inferomarginal and actinal plates in most species. Spine morphology variable from blunt conical to pointed, to cylindrical or small and spinelet-like. Granules with spiny tips in most
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFE7FFDEBFE304431" bold="true" box="[415,426,609,635]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">s</emphasis>
pecies, with some having rounded surfaces. Granules present but with variable abundance among species. Tong-like pedicellariae with serrated valves present or absent on abactinal, marginal or actinal surface. Marginal plates generally quadrate in shape, some showing direct 1:1 superomarginal/inferomarginal correspondence but others being more offset. Marginals relatively numerous ranging in number from 3070 per interradius. Some species with bare marginal plate surface, but most with even to dense granule covering. Granules varying from having rounded surface to pointed or prismatic edges. Large prominent spine or spines known in all but one species. Large single spines observed as a linear series in several species. Spinelets or multiple shorter spines observed on marginal plate surfaces of other species. Pedicellariae variably present on either supero or inferomarginal series. Actinal intermediate regions relatively small with fewer than six rows present (three or four present in most species).Actinal plate boundaries obscured by pulpy tissue layer and/or granulation. Granules round or with spiny edges present on all species. Primary spines present on actinal plate surface in most species. Furrow spines varying in number from 23, to 712. Spines generally compressed, quadrate to polygonal in cross section. Tips varying from smooth and blunt to jagged with furrowed tips. Subambulacral spination variable but a felipedal (clamp-like bivalve) pedicellariae present among the subambulacrals in most species. Subambulacrals varying but spination ranging from blunt spines, pointed spinelets to pointed or rounded granules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544820FFFFFF27FBF7FDBE42F1" blockId="25.[151,1437,429,1248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
Based on
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFED7FBF4FEE742DD" box="[311,381,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">in situ</emphasis>
observations herein and from prior accounts (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFC57FBF7FBF542DD" author="Mah, C. L. &amp; Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L." box="[951,1135,1149,1175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref21498" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Mah
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFC12FBF4FBB142DD" box="[1010,1067,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
), the color of most species ranges from yellow to deep orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544820FFFFFF27FB4FFD9A42AA" blockId="25.[151,1437,429,1248]" box="[199,512,1221,1248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFE94FB4FFE6642AA" author="Mah, C. L." box="[372,508,1221,1248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20826" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 5), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4820FFFFFF77FABBFC4A43B5" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF77FABBFE844301" bold="true" box="[151,286,1329,1355]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544820FFFFFF77FAF3FC4A43B5" blockId="25.[151,1436,1401,1535]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
A total of 11 species of
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFE6FFAF3FD8343D9" box="[399,537,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known, four of which are known only from the Atlantic, including
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74820FFFFFAF2FAF3FE1743FD" authority="Downey 1981" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1981" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scorpio">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFAF2FAF3FF7143FD" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma scorpio</emphasis>
Downey 1981
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74820FFFFFE77FA17FC9943FD" authority="Downey 1982" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1982" box="[407,771,1437,1463]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virgo">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFE77FA17FDFA43FD" box="[407,608,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma virgo</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFD85FA17FC9943FD" author="Downey, M. E." box="[613,771,1437,1463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="772 - 773" refId="ref19008" refString="Downey, M. E. (1982) Evoplosoma virgo, a new goniasterid starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95 (4), 772 - 773." type="journal article" year="1982">Downey 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74820FFFFFCECFA17FBF143F2" authority="Mah 2015" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2015" box="[780,1131,1437,1464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="watlingi">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFCECFA17FC6D43FD" box="[780,1015,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma watlingi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFC1BFA17FBF143F2" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1019,1131,1437,1464]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20826" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 5), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74820FFFFFB7DFA17FE954391" authority="Mah 2020" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2020" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nizinskiae">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFB7DFA17FA0643FD" box="[1181,1436,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma nizinskiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54820FFFFFF77FA4BFE954391" author="Mah, C. L." box="[151,271,1473,1499]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref21000" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New Species, Occurrence Records and Observations of Predation by Deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA Ship Okeanos nExplorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Most observations and records of
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFD7CFA4BFCBC4391" box="[668,806,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were made from the western and tropical Atlantic with only
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74820FFFFFF30FA6FFE2F43B5" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1981" box="[208,437,1509,1535]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scorpio">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF30FA6FFE2F43B5" box="[208,437,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Evoplosoma scorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from the western and eastern Atlantic.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464820FFFFFF77F9DBFEFC4021" bold="true" box="[151,358,1617,1643]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">Image Observed</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="751F62544820FFFFFF77F913FD504092" blockId="25.[151,892,1689,1752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="486">
Kurchatov Ridge, North Atlantic,
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<geoCoordinate id="109404934820FFFFFD71F913FC8F40FE" box="[657,789,1689,1716]" degrees="29.385243" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="486" precision="1" value="-29.385242">-29.385243</geoCoordinate>
,
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. EX2205_IMG_20220725T134301Z_ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
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@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
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<heading id="2E57D5384822FFFDFF77FB45FDA042A3" bold="true" box="[151,570,1231,1258]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74822FFFDFF77FB45FDA042A3" ID-CoL="3DJ6Q" authority="Downey 1981" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,570,1231,1258]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scorpio">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77FB45FDA042A3" bold="true" box="[151,570,1231,1258]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77FB45FE1142A3" bold="true" box="[151,395,1231,1258]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Evoplosoma scorpio</emphasis>
Downey 1981
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4822FFFDFF77FB79FEB94324" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" type="description">
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<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14822FFFDFF77FB79FEA94347" box="[151,307,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-16@29.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Corallivorous Goniasteridae. A. Evoplosoma scorpio (Goniasteridae), Kurchatov Ridge, 1725 m. B. Floriaster maya (Goniasteridae), Key West Scarp, 1112 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910742/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 12A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544822FFFDFF77FAB2FEB94324" blockId="27.[151,1436,1335,1390]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">
Downey, 1981, p. 561; Gage
<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFE20FAB2FE69431A" box="[448,499,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">et al.</emphasis>
, 1983, p. 280;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54822FFFDFD6CFAB2FCE0431A" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[652,890,1336,1360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, p. 242;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54822FFFDFC32FAB2FBD6431A" author="Clark, A. M." box="[978,1100,1336,1360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref18441" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation>
, p. 253;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54822FFFDFB43FAB2FAD6431A" author="Mah, C. L. &amp; Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L." box="[1187,1356,1336,1360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref21498" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M. &amp; Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Mah
<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFB38FAB2FA91431A" box="[1240,1291,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 281,
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14822FFFDFF27FADCFE854324" box="[199,287,1366,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Figure 6</figureCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77FA16FE8A43FC" bold="true" box="[151,272,1436,1462]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Body strongly stellate with elongate arms (
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/r&gt; 3.0). Abactinal, marginal and actinal plate surfaces covered by dense cover of granules which are spiny with angular tips, but polygonal in shape. Prominent, but short, stout conical spines irregularly present or absent on abactinal and actinal plate surfaces. Marginal plates with a single large, prominent spine on each. Furrow spines 57, approximately 6066 marginal plates per interradius.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464822FFFDFF77F936FE84409C" bold="true" box="[151,286,1724,1750]" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Comments</emphasis>
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The figured individual was identified based on the abundance of conical spines present on the disc and arms, especially the single spine on each marginal plate (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14822FFFDFD3FF8A2FCD04109" box="[735,842,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-16@29.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Corallivorous Goniasteridae. A. Evoplosoma scorpio (Goniasteridae), Kurchatov Ridge, 1725 m. B. Floriaster maya (Goniasteridae), Key West Scarp, 1112 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910742/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="488">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). This represents a third apparent occurrence of this species within the distributed range established by prior occurrence records, between the Rockall Trough/European Basin and off the depths of
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in the western North Atlantic.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFF77FF1DFEB346FB" bold="true" box="[151,297,151,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Occurrence</emphasis>
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South-west Rockall Trough to northeastern European Basin (
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) extended herein to off
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,
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFF27FEA2FEE7470B" box="[199,381,296,321]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">New occurrence</emphasis>
. Kurchatov Ridge, North Atlantic,
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<mods:title id="482106AA75B9A4B023DA3F680276E13F">Two New Taxa of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) and Noteworthy Observations of Deep-Sea Asteroidea by the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer in the North and Tropical Atlantic</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFF77FDCBFEC24416" bold="true" box="[151,344,577,604]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Floriaster maya</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14825FFFAFF77FDECFEA844CA" box="[151,306,614,640]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-16@29.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Corallivorous Goniasteridae. A. Evoplosoma scorpio (Goniasteridae), Kurchatov Ridge, 1725 m. B. Floriaster maya (Goniasteridae), Key West Scarp, 1112 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910742/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">FIGURE 12B</figureCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54825FFFAFF77FD21FEC64488" author="Downey, M. E." box="[151,348,682,707]" pageId="28" pageNumber="489" pagination="346 - 349" refId="ref18968" refString="Downey, M. E. (1980) Floriaster maya, new genus and species of the family Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93, 346 - 349." type="journal article" year="1980">Downey 1980: 105</bibRefCitation>
; Clark &amp; Downey 1993: 244;
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.
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Body stellate,
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/r=2.1, arms short, triangular. Interradial arcs linear to weakly curved. Abactinal plates tumid, close-set, each surrounded by rough, indented granules, variably bare or with with granules, 13, enlarged, rounded. Superomarginal plates tumid, surface smooth, each with tubercles or pointed granules, 13 per plate. Actinal plates each with a pointed tubercular spine. Furrow spines 7, flattened with chisellike tips. Single, large pedicellariae present behind furrow spines.
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This represents the second observation of this species since being observed at the Berg Bits locality, off the southeastern
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(
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFF77FA86FE3C436C" bold="true" box="[151,422,1292,1318]" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Ecological Comments</emphasis>
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The figured individual was observed perched vertically while adhered to, and presumably feeding upon a branched colonial organism, possibly an octocoral, hydroid, or a bryozoan (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14825FFFAFC93FAF2FC4343D9" box="[883,985,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-16@29.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Corallivorous Goniasteridae. A. Evoplosoma scorpio (Goniasteridae), Kurchatov Ridge, 1725 m. B. Floriaster maya (Goniasteridae), Key West Scarp, 1112 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910742/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). Prior in situ observation of this species showed it perched on dead
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFE30FA16FDAE43FC" box="[464,564,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Lophelia</emphasis>
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corals and isidid (bamboo coral) stalks, suggesting predation on the coral or post-mortem epizoic organisms.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFF77F9A6FEB3400C" bold="true" box="[151,297,1580,1606]" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Occurrence</emphasis>
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Mona South Ridge, Berg Bits, off Southeastern
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, southern end of Yucatan Channel.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFF77F88FFEFC4154" bold="true" box="[151,358,1796,1823]" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Image Observed</emphasis>
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Key West Scarp, North Atlantic,
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. EX2107_IMG_20211110T201003Z_ROVHD.jpg
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464825FFFAFF77FE19FE8A47E4" bold="true" box="[151,272,403,430]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">Floriaster</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="751F62544825FFFAFF77FE52FD1347BA" blockId="28.[151,649,471,496]" box="[151,649,471,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="489">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54825FFFAFF77FE52FEC647A5" author="Downey, M. E." box="[151,348,471,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="489" pagination="346 - 349" refId="ref18968" refString="Downey, M. E. (1980) Floriaster maya, new genus and species of the family Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93, 346 - 349." type="journal article" year="1980">Downey 1980: 105</bibRefCitation>
; Clark &amp; Downey 1993: 243.
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FF77FF1DFE1446F8" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,398,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Rhianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isosceles" status="n. gen.">Rhianastra isosceles</taxonomicName>
n. gen. n. sp.
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4827FFF8FF77FF31FE34469F" box="[151,430,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF77FF31FE34469F" blockId="30.[151,559,151,213]" box="[151,430,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FF77FF31FECB469F" box="[151,337,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">FIGURE 13AF</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FEBDFF31FE34469F" box="[349,430,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhianastra isoceles n. gen, n. sp. in situ. A. Holotype, Gosnold Seamount, 1752 m. B. Six rayed variant, Retreiver Seamount, 1878 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910750/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">14AB</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77FE89FE844757" bold="true" box="[151,286,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Etymology</emphasis>
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The genus is named for Dr. Rhian Waller, Biology Science Lead of EX2104 who collected the specimen. The epithet
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77FEE5FF6147C3" box="[151,251,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">isosceles</emphasis>
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refers to the distinctive triangular arms present on this species.
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<heading id="2E57D5384827FFF8FF77FE51FE8A47BF" bold="true" box="[151,272,475,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77FE51FE8A47BF" bold="true" box="[151,272,475,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Strongly stellate body form with sharply triangular arms ending in strongly tapering tips (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FB69FDA9FA884477" box="[1161,1298,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13A, E</figureCitation>
). Arms five, but with
<specimenCount id="63A6A9DD4827FFF8FF1AFDC2FE08442B" box="[250,402,583,610]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
showing six. Abactinal plates tabulate (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FCADFDCDFC48442B" box="[845,978,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
), papular region along six to seven series from disc to armtip along central radius along arm. Surface covered by dense covering of granules (3 count along a 1.0 mm line) (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FEB4FD05FE2644E3" box="[340,444,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). Marginal plates, approximately 6465 per interradius, quadrate in shape, covered by granules (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FEE6FD39FEF54487" box="[262,367,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Furrow spines, 8 to 10, narrow, blunt with square tips in straight to weakly furrow formation (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FF7FFD5DFEB944BB" box="[159,291,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13EF</figureCitation>
). Subambulacral spines adjacent to furrow spines, with 6 thick spines, approximately twice as thick as each furrow spine. Third and distalmost subambulacral “spines”, identical in stature to granules on actinal surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4827FFF8FF77FCEDFCD0437B" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF77FCEDFE8445CB" blockId="30.[151,1437,871,1330]" box="[151,286,871,897]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<heading id="2E57D5384827FFF8FF77FCEDFE8445CB" bold="true" box="[151,286,871,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77FCEDFE8445CB" bold="true" box="[151,286,871,897]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF77FC01FBC24213" blockId="30.[151,1437,871,1330]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FF77FC01FEE545EF" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,383,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Rhianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isosceles" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77FC01FEE545EF" box="[151,383,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Rhianastra isosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FE65FC01FD8345EF" bold="true" box="[389,537,907,933]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4827FFF8FE65FC01FE4945EF" box="[389,467,907,933]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
n. sp.
</emphasis>
possesses a generalized
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FCCDFC06FC2B45EC" baseAuthorityName="Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[813,945,908,934]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FCCDFC06FC2B45EC" box="[813,945,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Ceramaster</emphasis>
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-like goniasterid set of characters, including tabulate abactinal plates along the radial region (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FD51FC25FCA04583" box="[689,826,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13AC</figureCitation>
), the relatively well-developed radial fasciolar grooves and papular regions as well as the consistent, complete granule covering over the abactinal, marginal and actinal intermediate plate surface (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FE31FC7DFDC1425B" box="[465,603,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13AF</figureCitation>
). However, the body form and abactinal/marginal plate arrangement are reminiscent of taxa in the
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FE27FB91FDDC427F" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1884" box="[455,582,1051,1077]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Paxillosida</taxonomicName>
, especially in the
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FCF6FB91FC50427F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[790,970,1051,1077]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Astropectinidae</taxonomicName>
, which are known for having triangularshaped arms with elongate, tapering arm tips with lateral-facing marginal plate series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF27FBE9FB9042A3" blockId="30.[151,1437,871,1330]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FF27FBE9FED94237" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,323,1123,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Rhianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF27FBE9FED94237" box="[199,323,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Rhianastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FEAFFBE9FE384237" bold="true" box="[335,418,1123,1149]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4827FFF8FEAFFBE9FE384237" box="[335,418,1123,1149]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
invites comparison with taxa such as
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FC8AFBE9FB834237" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[874,1049,1123,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Pseudarchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FC8AFBE9FB834237" box="[874,1049,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Pseudarchaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FBCBFBE9FA924237" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1067,1288,1123,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Pseudarchasteridae</taxonomicName>
), which also have tabulate abactinal plates, and in some species elongate, triangular arms. However the actinal plate pattern in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FF77FB21FE89428F" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,275,1195,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Rhianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77FB21FE89428F" box="[151,275,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Rhianastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctly chevron-like, unlike those in pseudarchasterines, and the marginal plates, while wide, do not encroach onto the abactinal surface as they do in most
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74827FFF8FD1CFB45FB9042A3" box="[764,1034,1231,1257]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pseudarchasteridae" genus="Pseudarchaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FD1CFB45FC3142A3" box="[764,939,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Pseudarchaster</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF27FB79FCD0437B" blockId="30.[151,1437,871,1330]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Other than the comparison of tabulate plate and granule characters, which are generalized for goniasterids, it was difficult to find an obviously close taxon for comparison.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4827FFF8FF77FA09FD9F4040" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF77FA09FEB343D7" blockId="30.[151,297,1411,1437]" box="[151,297,1411,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<heading id="2E57D5384827FFF8FF77FA09FEB343D7" bold="true" box="[151,297,1411,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77FA09FEB343D7" bold="true" box="[151,297,1411,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF77FA41FD9F4040" blockId="30.[151,1436,1483,1546]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
Only known specimen from Gosnold “Shallow” Seamount with second observation from Retriever Seamount, both in North Atlantic,
<quantity id="B258CFB14827FFF8FE83FA65FD9B4040" box="[355,513,1519,1546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.815" metricValueMax="1.878" metricValueMin="1.752" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" unit="m" value="1815.0" valueMax="1878.0" valueMin="1752.0">17521878 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4827FFC7FF77F9D1FB5B4583" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF77F9D1FEB2403F" blockId="30.[151,296,1627,1653]" box="[151,296,1627,1653]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
<heading id="2E57D5384827FFF8FF77F9D1FEB2403F" bold="true" box="[151,296,1627,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="491" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464827FFF8FF77F9D1FEB2403F" bold="true" box="[151,296,1627,1653]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544827FFF8FF77F929FEEA4163" blockId="30.[151,1436,1699,1833]" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">
Body strongly stellate (
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914827FFF8FE41F929FE2F40F7" box="[417,437,1699,1725]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">R</collectionCode>
/r=4.2), arms sharply triangular, arm tips tapering, upturned (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FB8DF929FB6C40F4" box="[1133,1270,1699,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 13A, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FAE4F929FA1440F7" box="[1284,1422,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhianastra isoceles n. gen, n. sp. in situ. A. Holotype, Gosnold Seamount, 1752 m. B. Six rayed variant, Retreiver Seamount, 1878 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910750/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
). Interradial arcs angular. Disc, arms thick. Specimen shows five arms but another imaged, but not collected specimen shows six (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14827FFF8FEF8F961FE1A414F" box="[280,384,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhianastra isoceles n. gen, n. sp. in situ. A. Holotype, Gosnold Seamount, 1752 m. B. Six rayed variant, Retreiver Seamount, 1878 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910750/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="491">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
). Marginal plate surfaces with strongly lateral facing, with strongly angular dorsolateral and actinolateral edges.
</paragraph>
<caption id="21DF32DC4826FFF9FF78F965FF244105" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="492" startId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="751F62544826FFF9FF78F965FF244105" blockId="31.[151,1436,1775,1871]" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464826FFF9FF78F965FD2D414D" bold="true" box="[152,695,1775,1799]" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">
FIGURE 13.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74826FFF9FECEF965FD9F414D" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[302,517,1775,1799]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Rhianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="492" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isosceles">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464826FFF9FECEF965FD9F414D" bold="true" box="[302,517,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">Rhianastra isosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. gen, n. sp. A.
</emphasis>
Abactinal.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464826FFF9FCD0F965FCDD414D" bold="true" box="[816,839,1775,1799]" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">B.</emphasis>
Abactinal plates.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464826FFF9FBE1F965FB83414D" bold="true" box="[1025,1049,1775,1799]" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">C.</emphasis>
Abactinal surface.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464826FFF9FB03F965FB66414D" bold="true" box="[1251,1276,1775,1799]" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">D.</emphasis>
Lateral surface showing marginal plates.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464826FFF9FE79F899FE2A4161" bold="true" box="[409,432,1811,1835]" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">E.</emphasis>
Actinal view.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464826FFF9FDA2F899FDCF4161" bold="true" box="[578,597,1811,1835]" pageId="31" pageNumber="492">F.</emphasis>
Furrow and actinal surface. Scale: A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="21DF32DC4819FFC6FF78F9F8FE5840E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10910750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910750/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="493" startId="32.[152,255,1650,1674]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="751F62544819FFC6FF78F9F8FE5840E4" blockId="32.[151,1436,1650,1710]" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464819FFC6FF78F9F8FD0740C0" bold="true" box="[152,669,1650,1674]" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">
FIGURE 14.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74819FFC6FED3F9F8FD9B40C0" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[307,513,1650,1674]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Rhianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="493" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="isoceles">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464819FFC6FED3F9F8FD9B40C0" bold="true" box="[307,513,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">Rhianastra isoceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. gen, n. sp.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464819FFC6FD47F9F9FD6A40C0" box="[679,752,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">in situ.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464819FFC6FD19F9F8FC8840C0" bold="true" box="[761,786,1650,1674]" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">A.</emphasis>
Holotype, Gosnold Seamount, 1752 m.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464819FFC6FB20F9F8FB4240C0" bold="true" box="[1216,1240,1650,1674]" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">B.</emphasis>
Six rayed variant, Retreiver Seamount, 1878 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751F62544819FFC7FF27F88AFA0F470B" blockId="32.[151,1437,1792,2035]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="494" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">
Abactinal surface with discrete radial papular regions (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14819FFC6FCD3F88AFC214151" box="[819,955,1792,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">Fig. 13A, C</figureCitation>
) with fasciolar regions present amidst low tabulate plates (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14819FFC6FEACF8AEFE294175" box="[332,435,1828,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) in 6 to 7 series beginning on disc, extending along arms, decreasing to a single series along distalmost arm tip (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14819FFC6FE5CF8C2FDD24129" box="[444,584,1864,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">Fig. 13A, C</figureCitation>
). Abactinal plates on disc and on adradial regions on arms becoming flush with surface distally along arm. Radial fasciolar grooves shallow but with distinct fasciolar grooves, proximally eventually “shallowing out” out distally. Single row of plates extending to arm tip. Surface covered by coarse, round granules, approximately 3 granules counted along a 1.0 mm line. Abactinal plates on radial regions, round to hexagonal in outline (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14819FFC6FE4EF852FD8C41B9" box="[430,534,2008,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="493">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Each of these radial abactinal plates with 9 to 40 granules, widely spaced per plate. Peripheral granules, 7 to 30, more quadrate in shape, central granules round, 2 to 10. Granular cover on non-radial regions, round and homogenous in size and shape, more densely arranged than on radial regions, which are more widely spaced. Non-radial regions covered by granules that obscure plate boundaries. Madreporite irregularly round set within a deep impression below the granules with deep, well-defined sulci. Anus flanked by five round to elongate quadrate-shaped plates, each covered by 2030 granules. No pedicellariae observed on abactinal surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF27FEC1FC924453" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
Marginal plates approximately 65 per interradius, armtip to armtip (32 per arm with 1 interradially), Inferomarginals with an extra interradial plate in each interradius, triangular in shape, present in each interradius (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FF7FFE19FE9D47E7" box="[159,263,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Both series of marginal plates quadrate in shape with distinct corners with W&gt;L, inferomarginals wider than superomarginals. Inferomarginal lower plate extending onto actinal surface (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FBC0FE3DFB1E479B" box="[1056,1156,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
). Marginal plate surfaces covered with uniformly distributed, round granules, approximately 150400, identical to those on the abactinal surface (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FF17FE75FEC54453" box="[247,351,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). No pedicellariae on marginal plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF27FDA9FD0044E3" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
Actinal plates diamond to round in shape, in 4 full series in chevron arrangement (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FB82FDA9FB6A4477" box="[1122,1264,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Figs. 13EF</figureCitation>
). Actinal plates covered by granules, 7 to 30 widely spaced, quadrate to polygonal. Simple two-piece pedicellariae present on proximal 3 to 6 actinal plates, 3 observed adjacent to the oral plates 1 to 2 pedicellariae on other actinal plates, tending to be present closer to the oral region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF27FD39FC7145CB" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
Adambulacral plates with spines in three series. Furrow spines, 8 to 10, narrow, blunt with square tips in straight to weakly palmate formation (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FE0EFD5DFDE444BB" box="[494,638,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Figs. 13EF</figureCitation>
). Subambulacral spines adjacent to furrow spines, with 6 thick spines, approximately twice as thick as each furrow spine. Third and distalmost subambulacral “spines”, identical to actinal granules in stature. Each row of spines on adambulacral plates widely spaced from one another. Oral plate furrow spines 11, oral plates with 1520 short, thickened spinelets, evenly spaced from one another (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FB5CFCC9FABB4517" box="[1212,1313,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
). Spinelets arranged on either half of the oral plates, separated by a wide central fossae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF27FC01FAE545EF" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,1407,907,933]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
Tube feet unpointed, in biserial series, decreasing to a single series distally. Each furrow wide (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FB10FC01FAE945EF" box="[1264,1395,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1775,1799]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetId="figure-16@31.[151,1435,181,1751]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhianastra isosceles n. gen, n. sp. A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates. C. Abactinal surface. D. Lateral surface showing marginal plates. E. Actinal view. F. Furrow and actinal surface. Scale:A,E=10.0 mm, B=1.0 mm, C, F=3.0 mm, D=2.0 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910744/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig. 13EF</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF27FC25FB5B4583" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,1217,943,969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
Color in life pale orange, darkening on radial regions and along lateral edges (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FBD1FC25FB2F4583" box="[1073,1205,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhianastra isoceles n. gen, n. sp. in situ. A. Holotype, Gosnold Seamount, 1752 m. B. Six rayed variant, Retreiver Seamount, 1878 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910750/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig 14AB</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4818FFC7FF77FB90FEBC43AF" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464818FFC7FF77FB90FE11427E" bold="true" box="[151,395,1050,1076]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF77FBE9FC1042EB" blockId="33.[151,1436,1122,1221]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF64818FFC7FF77FBE9FE994237" box="[151,259,1123,1149]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914818FFC7FEEEFBE9FEC54237" box="[270,351,1123,1149]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1658841. Gosnold “shallow” Seamount.
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<geoCoordinate id="109404934818FFC7FC74FBE8FC664237" box="[916,1020,1122,1149]" degrees="62.5329" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" precision="5" value="-62.5329">-62.5329</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB14818FFC7FBE7FBE8FBC54237" box="[1031,1119,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.752" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" unit="m" value="1752.0">1752 m</quantity>
. Coll. NOAA Ship
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74818FFC7FADAFBE9FEE742EB" authority="Explorer (R. Waller)" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464818FFC7FADAFBE9FF6042EB" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Okeanos Explorer</emphasis>
(R. Waller)
</taxonomicName>
<date id="011E44944818FFC7FE64FB0DFD8242EB" box="[388,536,1159,1185]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" value="2021-07-24">24 July 2021</date>
. 1 wet spec.
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914818FFC7FD47FB0DFD2042EB" box="[679,698,1159,1185]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">R</collectionCode>
=
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r=
<quantity id="B258CFB14818FFC7FCD7FB0DFC1C42EB" box="[823,902,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF27FB21FD60428F" blockId="33.[151,1436,1122,1221]" box="[199,762,1195,1221]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">EX2104_IMG_20210724T163944Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF77FA9CFEA5437A" blockId="33.[151,319,1302,1328]" box="[151,319,1302,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464818FFC7FF77FA9CFEA5437A" bold="true" box="[151,319,1302,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Other images</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF77FAD5FD5043D7" blockId="33.[151,1436,1374,1509]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
North Atlantic Gosnold “shallow” seamount,
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<geoCoordinate id="109404934818FFC7FCF3FAD4FC0D4333" box="[787,919,1374,1401]" degrees="62.533149" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" precision="1" value="-62.53315">-62.533149</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB14818FFC7FC42FAD5FC6D4333" box="[930,1015,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" unit="m" value="1778.0">1778 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FBE6FAD5FBF44333" box="[1030,1134,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhianastra isoceles n. gen, n. sp. in situ. A. Holotype, Gosnold Seamount, 1752 m. B. Six rayed variant, Retreiver Seamount, 1878 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910750/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
). EX2104_IMG_20210724T155922Z_ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544818FFC7FF77FA2DFEBC43AF" blockId="33.[151,1436,1374,1509]" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">
Retriever Seamount,
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<geoCoordinate id="109404934818FFC7FE17FA2DFDE1438B" box="[503,635,1447,1473]" degrees="66.230123" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" precision="1" value="-66.230125">-66.230123</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB14818FFC7FD62FA2DFD4C438B" box="[642,726,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.878" pageId="33" pageNumber="494" unit="m" value="1878.0">1878m</quantity>
.(6rayed form) (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14818FFC7FC65FA2DFC72438B" box="[901,1000,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-22@32.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhianastra isoceles n. gen, n. sp. in situ. A. Holotype, Gosnold Seamount, 1752 m. B. Six rayed variant, Retreiver Seamount, 1878 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910750/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="494">Fig.14B</figureCitation>
).EX2104_IMG_20210727T173546Z_ ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4828FFF7FF77FB0CFE3F42EA" box="[151,421,1158,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF77FB0CFE3F42EA" blockId="17.[151,421,1158,1221]" box="[151,421,1158,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
<heading id="2E57D5384828FFF7FF77FB0CFE3F42EA" bold="true" box="[151,421,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74828FFF7FF77FB0CFE3F42EA" box="[151,421,1158,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FF77FB0CFE3F42EA" bold="true" box="[151,421,1158,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FF77FB0CFEFE42EB" bold="true" box="[151,356,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
sp. 1
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4828FFF7FF77FB21FE5F403F" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF77FB21FEDD428F" blockId="17.[151,421,1158,1221]" box="[151,327,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FF77FB21FEDD428F" box="[151,327,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">FIGURE 7AB</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF77FB78FEB24346" blockId="17.[151,296,1266,1292]" box="[151,296,1266,1292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
<heading id="2E57D5384828FFF7FF77FB78FEB24346" bold="true" box="[151,296,1266,1292]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FF77FB78FEB24346" bold="true" box="[151,296,1266,1292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF77FAB1FE50401B" blockId="17.[151,1437,1339,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
Body shape more weakly stellate to stellate
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914828FFF7FD72FAB1FD3F431F" box="[658,677,1339,1365]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">R</collectionCode>
/r= approximately 1.6 to 2.0 (estimated), arms triangular, tapering, interradial arcs weakly curved to linear. Abactinal plates widely spaced, with surficial granules (indistinct). Superomarginals wide, 2428 (30?) per interradius with penultimate plate twice the size of adjacent superomarginals. Distalmost penultimate superomarginal plates closely abutted. Surface of superomarginal plates with quadrate-shaped bald patch on plate surface. Bald patch on inferomarginal plate rectangular present on upper half of plate surface adjacent to contact with superomarginal. Surficial granules (or spinelets) present on both surfaces, widely spaced. Pointed spine present on terminal plate. Adambulacral spination is not clearly visible but single furrow spines present from armtip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF27F9D1FE5F403F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1339,1653]" box="[199,453,1627,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Color in life is orange.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4828FFF7FF77F94CFE054197" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF77F94CFE8440AA" blockId="17.[151,286,1734,1760]" box="[151,286,1734,1760]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
<heading id="2E57D5384828FFF7FF77F94CFE8440AA" bold="true" box="[151,286,1734,1760]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FF77F94CFE8440AA" bold="true" box="[151,286,1734,1760]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF77F885FC494107" blockId="17.[151,1437,1807,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
The observed individual was placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74828FFF7FD30F885FC154163" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[720,911,1807,1833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FD30F885FC154163" box="[720,911,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on its weakly tabulate abactinal plates, body shape, and the bald patches present on the marginal plates (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FC8DF8B9FC5C4107" box="[877,966,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF27F8DDFE054197" blockId="17.[151,1437,1807,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
Although comparable to
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74828FFF7FE07F8DDFC82413B" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[487,792,1879,1905]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FE07F8DDFC82413B" box="[487,792,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Bathyceramaster kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FCC1F8DDFCF9413B" bold="true" box="[801,867,1879,1905]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4828FFF7FCC1F8DDFCF9413B" box="[801,867,1879,1905]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
this specimen differs in several respects, notably body shape, color, distinct bald patches on the superomarginal plates and differing superomarginal surface convexity, abutted superomarginal plates over the midline, more elongate and tapering arms and likely represents an undescribed species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="751F6254482BFFF4FF78F89AFD1C413A" blockId="18.[151,1436,1808,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482BFFF4FF78F89AFE644162" bold="true" box="[152,510,1808,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="479">
FIGURE 7.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482BFFF4FEFCF89AFE644162" box="[284,510,1808,1832]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="479" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482BFFF4FEFCF89AFE574162" bold="true" box="[284,461,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="479">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482BFFF4FDE3F89BFDDA4162" box="[515,576,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="479">in situ</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482BFFF4FDB2F89AFD784162" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[594,738,1808,1832]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="479" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482BFFF4FD0DF89AFCCA4162" bold="true" box="[749,848,1808,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="479">A. and B.</emphasis>
Same individual.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482BFFF4FBE3F89AFB784162" box="[1027,1250,1808,1832]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="479" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">Bathyceramaster sp. 1</taxonomicName>
. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482AFFF5FF77FF1DFCAA4757" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FF1DFE3C46FB" blockId="19.[151,422,151,177]" box="[151,422,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77FF1DFE3C46FB" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Ecological Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FF55FCAA4757" blockId="19.[151,1436,223,286]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
The observed individual had its arms and tube feet extended and was positioned over, and presumably feeding upon, cladorhizid sponges, similar to
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FE16FE89FD204754" box="[502,698,259,286]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Asbestopluma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FE16FE89FD094757" box="[502,659,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Asbestopluma</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482AFFF5FD29FE89FCB94757" box="[713,803,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482AFFF5FF77FEE5FD504474" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FEE5FEFC47C3" blockId="19.[151,358,367,393]" box="[151,358,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="2E57D538482AFFF5FF77FEE5FEFC47C3" bold="true" box="[151,358,367,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77FEE5FEFC47C3" bold="true" box="[151,358,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Image Observed</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FE3DFD5047BC" blockId="19.[151,930,439,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
North
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Tritop, North Atlantic
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,
<geoCoordinate id="10940493482AFFF5FD2DFE3DFCD84798" box="[717,834,439,466]" degrees="60.33573" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" precision="1" value="-60.33573">-60.33573</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB1482AFFF5FCADFE3DFC384798" box="[845,930,439,466]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.578" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" unit="m" value="2578.0">2578 m</quantity>
EX2104_IMG_20210703T152451Z_ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FE75FD504450" blockId="19.[151,930,439,574]" box="[151,714,511,538]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">EX2104_IMG_20210703T152704Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FDA9FD504474" blockId="19.[151,930,439,574]" box="[151,714,547,574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">EX2104_IMG_20210703T152837Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482AFFF5FF77FD05FE3F44E3" box="[151,421,655,682]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FD05FE3F44E3" blockId="19.[151,421,655,717]" box="[151,421,655,682]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="2E57D538482AFFF5FF77FD05FE3F44E3" bold="true" box="[151,421,655,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FF77FD05FE3F44E3" box="[151,421,655,682]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77FD05FE3F44E3" bold="true" box="[151,421,655,682]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77FD05FEFE44E0" bold="true" box="[151,356,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
sp. 2
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482AFFF5FF77FD39FDE24258" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FD39FEBE4487" blockId="19.[151,421,655,717]" box="[151,292,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482AFFF5FF77FD39FEBE4487" box="[151,292,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">FIGURE 7C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FD71FEB2455F" blockId="19.[151,296,763,789]" box="[151,296,763,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="2E57D538482AFFF5FF77FD71FEB2455F" bold="true" box="[151,296,763,789]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77FD71FEB2455F" bold="true" box="[151,296,763,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FCC9FA1645A7" blockId="19.[151,1437,835,1042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
Body thick, pentagonal to weakly stellate (
<collectionCode id="13B1FA91482AFFF5FD8DFCC9FD1B4517" box="[621,641,835,861]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">R</collectionCode>
/r=1.6), interradial arcs weakly curved.Abactinal plates appear tabulate, rounded all homogeneous in size, shape and densely arranged. Surface of each plate were indistinct but appear densely granulated or spinulose (i.e. accessories dense). Superomarginal plates 18 per interradius, each plate strongly convex in cross-section. Granules evenly cover superomarginal plate surface. Distalmost 2 to 3 superomarginal plate pairs abutted over midline with proximal most in contact only on partial upper corner. Actinal surface not visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF27FC7DFDE24258" blockId="19.[151,1437,835,1042]" box="[199,632,1015,1042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Color was white to light tan or orange.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482AFFF5FF77FBE9FB654043" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FBE9FE844237" blockId="19.[151,286,1123,1149]" box="[151,286,1123,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77FBE9FE844237" bold="true" box="[151,286,1123,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77FB21FE454347" blockId="19.[151,1437,1195,1546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
Based on
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482AFFF5FEE9FB21FEFB428F" box="[265,353,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
, this species was determined to most likely be undescribed. Other species of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FB36FB21FA0F428F" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[1238,1429,1195,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FB36FB21FA0F428F" box="[1238,1429,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, aside from
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FEF7FB5AFE3C42A3" box="[279,422,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FEF7FB5AFE3842A3" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[279,418,1231,1257]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae">B. kelliottae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
have not been reported from the Atlantic and the individual shown is dissimilar from any of the known Pacific species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF27FA92FB654043" blockId="19.[151,1437,1195,1546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
Numerous other potential species were not compatible with characters observed.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FBD6FA92FF42431F" authority="(Retzius, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Retzius" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granularis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FBD6FA92FAAE437B" box="[1078,1332,1303,1330]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Ceramaster granularis</emphasis>
(Retzius, 1893)
</taxonomicName>
possesses distinct bald patches on each superomarginal plate surface, displays more angular superomarginals with a more flattened abactinal surface, shows a dissimilar abactinal surface texture, and is a much different color. This species lacks the secondary plates which characterize
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FCD4FA09FB9B43D7" baseAuthorityName="Tortonese" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[820,1025,1411,1437]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="placenta">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FCD4FA09FB9B43D7" box="[820,1025,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Peltaster placenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although superomarginal plates are similar. Superomarginal plates in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FDF9FA2DFD0F438B" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[537,661,1447,1473]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FDF9FA2DFD0F438B" box="[537,661,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Plinthaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not as wide and the abactinal plates are flat without any of the apparent granulation or plate surface convexity observed on the specimen.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FC14FA41FB6E43AF" box="[1012,1268,1483,1510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FC14FA41FB2943AF" box="[1012,1203,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
sp. 2
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482AFFF5FAE5FA41FAC443AF" box="[1285,1374,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
) also showed a more pentagonal shape with shorter arms than
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FCF2FA65FB944043" box="[786,1038,1519,1546]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FCF2FA65FC4B4043" box="[786,977,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
shown in
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482AFFF5FB62FA65FB614043" box="[1154,1275,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Fig. 7AB</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482AFFF5FF77F9D1FE6C414F" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77F9D1FE3C403F" blockId="19.[151,422,1627,1653]" box="[151,422,1627,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="2E57D538482AFFF5FF77F9D1FE3C403F" bold="true" box="[151,422,1627,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77F9D1FE3C403F" bold="true" box="[151,422,1627,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Ecological Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77F929FE6C414F" blockId="19.[151,1436,1699,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
The observed individual in
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482AFFF5FE37F929FDD140F7" box="[471,587,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyceramaster spp. in situ. (Goniasteridae) A. and B. Same individual.Bathyceramaster sp. 1. B shows different angle highlighting abactinal surface. Sp. 1. feeding on cladorhizid sponge, North Bermuda Tritop, 2578 m. C. Sp. 2. feeding on encrusting organism, Yakutat seamount, 2096 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910722/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Figure 7C</figureCitation>
was perched on what appeared to be a sponge, upon which it was likely feeding. This would be consistent with other observations of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482AFFF5FCA3F94DFBA240A8" box="[835,1080,1735,1762]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FCA3F94DFB9840AB" box="[835,1026,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
feeding on sponges in deep-sea settings (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482AFFF5FECDF961FE38414F" author="Mah, C. L." box="[301,418,1771,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref20884" refString="Mah, C. L. (2016) Deep-sea (&gt; 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species. Zootaxa, 4175 (2), 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Mah 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482AFFF5FE4DF961FE70414F" author="Mah, C. L." box="[429,490,1771,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref21000" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New Species, Occurrence Records and Observations of Predation by Deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA Ship Okeanos nExplorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482AFFF5FF77F8DDFD504197" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77F8DDFEFC413B" blockId="19.[151,358,1879,1905]" box="[151,358,1879,1905]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="2E57D538482AFFF5FF77F8DDFEFC413B" bold="true" box="[151,358,1879,1905]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482AFFF5FF77F8DDFEFC413B" bold="true" box="[151,358,1879,1905]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">Image Observed</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482AFFF5FF77F815FD504197" blockId="19.[151,1000,1951,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="480">
Yakutat Shallow seamount, North Atlantic,
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<geoCoordinate id="10940493482AFFF5FD1DF815FC1A41F0" box="[765,896,1951,1978]" degrees="51.351242" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" precision="1" value="-51.351242">-51.351242</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B258CFB1482AFFF5FC6BF815FC7941F0" box="[907,995,1951,1978]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.096" pageId="19" pageNumber="480" unit="m" value="2096.0">2096 m</quantity>
. EX2104_IMG_20210709T190138Z_ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
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<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FB9AFD0A4260" blockId="20.[151,656,1040,1103]" box="[151,656,1040,1066]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<heading id="2E57D538482DFFF2FF77FB9AFD0A4260" bold="true" box="[151,656,1040,1066]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FF77FB9AFD0A4260" ID-CoL="5YV8K" authority="(A. H. Clark 1916)" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[151,656,1040,1066]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FB9AFD0A4260" bold="true" box="[151,656,1040,1066]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FB9AFE324260" bold="true" box="[151,424,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Circeaster americanus</emphasis>
(A.H.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FE1BFB9AFD124260" author="Clark, A. H." box="[507,648,1040,1066]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref18363" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916) A new starfish (Lydiaster americanus) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 6, 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1916">Clark 1916</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482DFFF2FF77FBBFFC2442DB" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FBBFFE024205" blockId="20.[151,656,1040,1103]" box="[151,408,1077,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482DFFF2FF77FBBFFED34205" box="[151,329,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-36@21.[151,1436,237,1682]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Circeaster americanus (Goniasteridae) New Observations, East Atlantic. A. Kuchatov Ridge, 1756 m. B. Kuchatov Ridge, 1658 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910726/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">FIGURE 8AB</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482DFFF2FEB4FBBFFE024205" box="[340,408,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[152,255,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-48@22.[151,1436,417,1862]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Circeaster americanus (Goniasteridae) A. Cachalote Guyote, 1462 m. B. Million Mounds (east coast of Florida), 816 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910730/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">9AB</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FBF3FC2442DB" blockId="20.[151,958,1145,1169]" box="[151,958,1145,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FF77FBF3FE2F42DB" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[151,437,1145,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 237</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FE5FFBF3FDD942DB" author="Mah, C. L." box="[447,579,1145,1169]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20826" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 5), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah 2015: 2</bibRefCitation>
; Garcia-Guillen
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FD0DFBF0FCBA42DB" box="[749,800,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">et al.</emphasis>
2023: 231, 233
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482DFFF2FF77FB35FB0C43C7" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FB35FE8A4293" blockId="20.[151,272,1215,1241]" box="[151,272,1215,1241]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<heading id="2E57D538482DFFF2FF77FB35FE8A4293" bold="true" box="[151,272,1215,1241]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FB35FE8A4293" bold="true" box="[151,272,1215,1241]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FA8DFB0C43C7" blockId="20.[151,1436,1287,1422]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
Body stellate, (
<collectionCode id="13B1FA91482DFFF2FEA1FA8DFECE436B" box="[321,340,1287,1313]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">R</collectionCode>
/r= ~2.4 to 4.0). Granules round, scattered over abactinal disc, arm surfaces. Arm plates enlarged, bare relative to disc plates; Disc plates transition gradually to those on arm, overall disc plates similar to arm plates in overall size and shape. Superomarginal plates abutted at midline. Row of enlarged subambulacral spines present adjacent to furrow spines. Bivalve pedicellariae present on actinal and adambulacral plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482DFFF2FF77FA55FE2C40BC" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FA55FE8443B3" blockId="20.[151,286,1503,1529]" box="[151,286,1503,1529]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<heading id="2E57D538482DFFF2FF77FA55FE8443B3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1503,1529]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FA55FE8443B3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1503,1529]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77F9A2FE2C40BC" blockId="20.[151,1437,1575,1782]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
Two clear observations of this distinctive species were observed
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FC87F9A2FC31400B" box="[871,939,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">in situ</emphasis>
for the first time from Kuchatov Ridge (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482DFFF2FA8FF9ADFF41402F" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[152,255,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-36@21.[151,1436,237,1682]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Circeaster americanus (Goniasteridae) New Observations, East Atlantic. A. Kuchatov Ridge, 1756 m. B. Kuchatov Ridge, 1658 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910726/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Fig. 8AB</figureCitation>
) and Cachalote Guyote in the eastern Atlantic. A determination of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FC05F9C6FBC0402C" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[997,1114,1612,1638]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FC05F9C6FBC0402C" box="[997,1114,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Circeaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was clear from the images. This further confirms a significant new range occurrence for this species, which has historically been known only from the tropical western Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FDFCF919FC8440E7" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[540,798,1683,1710]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
; Halpern 1970). Garcia-Guillen et al (2023) recorded this species in the eastern Atlantic, south of the
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.
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FD36F932FC86409B" box="[726,796,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">In situ</emphasis>
observations from EX2107 extend the lower depth range of this species to
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.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77F8CDFEB3412B" bold="true" box="[151,297,1863,1889]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Tropical Atlantic. Florida, Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico, North Carolina and the Caribbean, including Columbia,
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, Leeward Islands,
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,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4482DFFF2FD95F839FD654187" box="[629,767,1971,1997]" name="Netherlands" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, Antilles,
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,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4482DFFF2FBE3F839FBF44187" box="[1027,1134,1971,1997]" name="Suriname" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Suriname</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4482DFFF2FB49F839FABA4187" box="[1193,1312,1971,1997]" name="Venezuela" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
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.
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North Atlantic. Manning Seamount.
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.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482CFFF3FF27FF31FE1E469E" box="[199,388,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="482">New occurrence.</emphasis>
Eastern Atlantic. South of
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. Kurchatov Ridge and Cachalote Guyote.
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.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482CFFF3FF78F923FBA3408B" bold="true" box="[152,1081,1705,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="482">
FIGURE 8.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482CFFF3FEC6F920FD8E4088" bold="true" box="[294,532,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="482">Circeaster americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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) New Observations, East Atlantic
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482CFFF3FBAAF923FBF8408B" bold="true" box="[1098,1122,1705,1729]" pageId="21" pageNumber="482">A.</emphasis>
Kuchatov Ridge, 1756 m.
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482CFFF3FA65F920FA064088" bold="true" box="[1413,1436,1706,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="482">B.</emphasis>
Kuchatov Ridge, 1658 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482CFFF3FF77F8B2FEEB4118" bold="true" box="[151,369,1848,1874]" pageId="21" pageNumber="482">Images Observed</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Kurchatov Ridge, North Atlantic (near
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),
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,
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,
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EX2205_IMG_20220725T122132Z_ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
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Kurchatov Ridge, North Atlantic,
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,
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.
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<paragraph id="751F6254482FFFF0FF77FF31FD5046B3" blockId="22.[151,1065,150,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="483">
Cachalote Guyote, North Atlantic (near
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),
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,
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,
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EX2205_IMG_20220728T150553Z_ROVHD.jpg
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="751F6254482FFFF0FF77FEADFBB3470B" blockId="22.[151,1065,150,393]" box="[151,1065,294,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="483">
Million Mounds dive site, western North Atlantic,
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,
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.
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FF77FF1DFE5B46FB" ID-CoL="7NSY6" authority="Koehler 1909" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,449,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FF1DFE8946FB" bold="true" box="[151,275,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Circeaster</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FF56FE9B46B9" box="[151,257,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Circeaster</emphasis>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FE2CFF56FD0246B9" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[460,664,219,244]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" refId="ref19796" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 a) A monographic revision of the goniasterid sea stars of the North Atlantic. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 253 pp." type="book" year="1970">Halpern 1970a: 265</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445482DFFF2FD41FF56FCC046BE" author="Downey, M. E." box="[673,858,220,244]" page="47" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FD41FF56FCC046BE" author="Downey, M. E." box="[673,858,220,244]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref18926" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey 1973: 47</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 55, pl. 21A, B;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FBE1FF56FBC946BE" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[1025,1107,220,244]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp;</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FF71FD6E4758" blockId="20.[151,1107,219,275]" box="[151,756,250,275]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
Downey 1992: 237. A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FE40FF70FDD24758" author="Clark, A. M." box="[416,584,250,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref18441" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993: 250</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FDB3FF70FD274758" author="Mah, C. L." box="[595,701,250,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref20684" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 927.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482DFFF2FF77FECAFC6B44D4" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FECAFE8A4710" blockId="20.[151,272,320,346]" box="[151,272,320,346]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<heading id="2E57D538482DFFF2FF77FECAFE8A4710" bold="true" box="[151,272,320,346]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FECAFE8A4710" bold="true" box="[151,272,320,346]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FE03FC6B44D4" blockId="20.[151,1437,392,671]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<collectionCode id="13B1FA91482DFFF2FF77FE03FF3347E9" box="[151,169,393,419]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">R</collectionCode>
/r&gt; 2.5. Disc swollen, large. Abactinal arm plates two to three times larger than disc plates. Arm plates generally bare. Disc plates with granules, round, hemispherical. Marginal plates wide in most species. Spinelets or granules present along dorsolateral/ventrolateral edges and surfaces of marginal plates. Greater density of spinelets/granules on inferomarginals than on superomarginals. Superomarginal plates abutted over midline in several species. Arms elongate tapering, with tips upturned. Interradial arcs linear to curved. Actinal plates irregular in some species, covered with granules or spinelets. Pedicellariae uncommonly present. Adambulacral furrow spines 615. Enlarged subambulacral spine or spines present. Prominent, paddle-like, bivalve, or sunken pedicellariae with jagged teeth present. Pedicellariae present on adambulacral plates. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FC84FD0EFC7644D4" author="Mah, C. L." box="[868,1004,644,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref20684" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482DFFF2FF77FD7AFC0E45F5" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FD7AFE844540" blockId="20.[151,286,752,778]" box="[151,286,752,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<heading id="2E57D538482DFFF2FF77FD7AFE844540" bold="true" box="[151,286,752,778]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FD7AFE844540" bold="true" box="[151,286,752,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482DFFF2FF77FCB3FC0E45F5" blockId="20.[151,1436,824,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FF77FCB3FE964519" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,268,825,851]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF77FCB3FE964519" box="[151,268,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Circeaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes eight species, which primarily occur in tropical deep-sea Pacific and Indian Ocean habitats, excluding the Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FE72FCD7FD0A453C" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[402,656,861,887]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FE72FCD7FD0A453C" box="[402,656,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Circeaster americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Two other goniasterid genera,
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FC0BFCD6FB68453D" authority="Koehler 1909" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[1003,1266,860,887]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Lydiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FC0BFCD6FBCE453C" box="[1003,1108,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Lydiaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FBBAFCD6FB68453D" author="Koehler, R." box="[1114,1266,860,887]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref20380" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Asteries recueillies par l'Investigator dans l'ocean Indien. I. Les Asteries de Mer Profonde. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 5, 1 - 143, 13 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5038 / bin. books. 1017" type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FAC6FCD6FE9145D1" authority="Mah 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Atheraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FAC6FCD6FA06453C" box="[1318,1436,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Atheraster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FF77FC0AFE9145D1" author="Mah, C. L." box="[151,267,896,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref21115" refString="Mah, C. L. (2022) New Genera, Species and Occurrence of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the Tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa, 5164 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Mah 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
show close morphological affinities.
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FD59FC0BFC9B45D0" box="[697,769,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">In situ</emphasis>
videos show observations of several
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FB4EFC0BFAE645D0" box="[1198,1404,896,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FB4EFC0BFAB945D1" box="[1198,1315,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Circeaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
as well as
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482DFFF2FF0DFC2EFEF945F4" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[237,355,932,958]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Atheraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482DFFF2FF0DFC2EFEF945F4" box="[237,355,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="481">Atheraster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are predators of deep-sea coral (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FD30FC2EFCDD45F5" author="Mah, C. L." box="[720,839,932,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref20826" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) A new Atlantic species of Evoplosoma with taxonomic summary and in situ observations of Atlantic deep-sea corallivorous Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea). Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 5), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214001407" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482DFFF2FCB2FC2FFC1645F5" author="Mah, C. L." box="[850,908,933,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="481" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref21115" refString="Mah, C. L. (2022) New Genera, Species and Occurrence of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the Tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa, 5164 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
)
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</subSubSection>
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<heading id="2E57D538482EFFF1FF77FF1DFE3C46FB" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482EFFF1FF77FF1DFE3C46FB" ID-CoL="7NSZH" authority="Verrill 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,422,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77FF1DFE3C46FB" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77FF1DFE9146F8" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Cladaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FEF2FF1DFE3C46FB" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[274,422,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23232" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FF56FDEE4758" blockId="23.[151,1437,219,274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FF77FF56FED046B9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,330,219,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23232" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899: 175</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FEB5FF56FD9C46BE" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[341,518,220,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref19197" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911: 221</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FDF1FF56FD7246BE" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[529,744,219,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref18094" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1963) Asteroideos argentinos. 4. Familia Goniasteridae. Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia. Zoologia, 9 (1), 1 - 25, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1963">Bernasconi 1963: 13</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FD14FF51FCC546B9" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[756,863,219,243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="241 - 277" refId="ref18135" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1964) Asteroideos argentinos. Claves para los ordenes, familias, subfamilies y generos. Physis Buenos Aires, 24, 241 - 277." type="journal article" year="1964">1964: 255</bibRefCitation>
; Halpern 1970: 179;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FBD9FF56FAC646BE" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[1081,1372,220,244]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 238</bibRefCitation>
; A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FF27FF70FEF54758" author="Clark, A. M." box="[199,367,250,274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref18441" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993: 251</bibRefCitation>
; Mah 2011: 19; 2018: 29.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482EFFF1FF77FECAFAE1478D" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FECAFAE1478D" blockId="23.[151,1436,320,455]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77FECAFE904710" bold="true" box="[151,266,320,346]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Body weakly stellate to stellate. Abactinal plates low tabulate with weakly to strongly expressed fasciolar channels. Hemispherical, coarse grained granules present on abactinal, marginal, and actinal plate surface which are deciduous on preserved specimens. Large, spatulate
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6482EFFF1FCE6FE03FCAC47E9" box="[774,822,393,419]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
pedicellariae. Furrow spines, blunt to spatulate, oval in cross-section. Large, thick subambulacral spine present in addition to furrow spine. Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FB0FFE26FAED478D" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1263,1399,428,455]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref20949" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="F0C19E02BD45D0179DDCBB216F519129">Two New Taxa of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) and Noteworthy Observations of Deep-Sea Asteroidea by the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer in the North and Tropical Atlantic</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482EFFF1FF77FD92FE714478" box="[151,491,536,563]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FD92FE714478" blockId="23.[151,491,536,599]" box="[151,491,536,563]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<heading id="2E57D538482EFFF1FF77FD92FE714478" bold="true" box="[151,491,536,563]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482EFFF1FF77FD92FE714478" ID-CoL="VN8M" authority="Verrill 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,491,536,563]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Cladaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rudis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77FD92FE714478" bold="true" box="[151,491,536,563]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77FD92FECA4479" bold="true" box="[151,336,536,563]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Cladaster rudis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FEB7FD92FE714478" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[343,491,536,562]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23232" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482EFFF1FF77FDB7FEAE44F2" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FDB7FEC9441D" blockId="23.[151,491,536,599]" box="[151,339,573,599]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482EFFF1FF77FDB7FEC9441D" box="[151,339,573,599]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladaster rudis (Goniasteridae) A. In situ. B. Abactinal C. Abactinal surface with pedicellariae. D. Actinal E. Adambulacral furrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910734/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">FIGURE 10AE</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FD0BFEAE44F2" blockId="23.[151,1436,641,696]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FF77FD0BFED044D3" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,330,641,665]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23232" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899: 175</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FEB6FD0BFD9D44D3" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[342,519,641,665]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref19197" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911: 223</bibRefCitation>
; 1940: 125;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FD6AFD0BFCFB44D3" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[650,865,641,665]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref18094" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1963) Asteroideos argentinos. 4. Familia Goniasteridae. Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia. Zoologia, 9 (1), 1 - 25, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1963">Bernasconi 1963: 14</bibRefCitation>
; Halpern 1970: 180;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FBDEFD0BFAF844D3" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[1086,1378,641,665]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 240</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FA8EFD0BFEAA44F2" author="Mah, C. L." pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref21000" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New Species, Occurrence Records and Observations of Predation by Deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA Ship Okeanos nExplorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020: 220</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482EFFF1FF77FD6FFBEE4222" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FD6FFDD144B5" blockId="23.[151,587,741,767]" box="[151,587,741,767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<heading id="2E57D538482EFFF1FF77FD6FFDD144B5" bold="true" box="[151,587,741,767]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77FD6FFDD144B5" bold="true" box="[151,587,741,767]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Diagnosis &amp; Summary Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FCA4FBEE4222" blockId="23.[151,1437,814,1128]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
Body stellate, (
<collectionCode id="13B1FA91482EFFF1FEA4FCA4FEC24502" box="[324,344,814,840]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">R</collectionCode>
/r=1.92.1), arms triangular, interradial arcs curved (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482EFFF1FC51FCA4FBFD4502" box="[945,1127,814,840]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladaster rudis (Goniasteridae) A. In situ. B. Abactinal C. Abactinal surface with pedicellariae. D. Actinal E. Adambulacral furrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910734/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Figs 10A, B, D</figureCitation>
). Abactinal plates irregular to polygonal in shape on disc extending to proximal region on arms (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482EFFF1FC58FCD8FBDF4526" box="[952,1093,850,876]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladaster rudis (Goniasteridae) A. In situ. B. Abactinal C. Abactinal surface with pedicellariae. D. Actinal E. Adambulacral furrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910734/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Fig. 10AB</figureCitation>
). Pedicellariae, paddle-shaped abundant on abactinal surface (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482EFFF1FE11FCFCFDEC45DA" box="[497,630,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladaster rudis (Goniasteridae) A. In situ. B. Abactinal C. Abactinal surface with pedicellariae. D. Actinal E. Adambulacral furrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910734/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
). Superomarginal plates, two to three pairs, abutted over midline distally (Fig. A-B). Abactinal and marginal plates covered by deciduous round granules, with shallow to distinct convexities on each plate. Superomarginal plates tumid, approximately 1314 per interradius. Small peripheral granules present around each marginal plate. Actinal plates covered by widely spaced granules, 18 per plate surface. Furrow spines 24 per plate, spatulate to flat. One enlarged subambulacral spine, at least 2 to 3X the thickness, length of the furrow spines (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482EFFF1FF0DFBA0FEC9420E" box="[237,339,1066,1092]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladaster rudis (Goniasteridae) A. In situ. B. Abactinal C. Abactinal surface with pedicellariae. D. Actinal E. Adambulacral furrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910734/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
). Subambulacral granules 1 to 3, small present on each plate. Pedicellariae present, small paddle-shaped, approximately the size of two granules, present on actinal surface (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1482EFFF1FC00FBC4FBF24222" box="[992,1128,1102,1128]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="24.[152,255,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[151,1436,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladaster rudis (Goniasteridae) A. In situ. B. Abactinal C. Abactinal surface with pedicellariae. D. Actinal E. Adambulacral furrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910734/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Fig. 10D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482EFFF1FF77FB33FD96402A" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FB33FE844299" blockId="23.[151,286,1209,1235]" box="[151,286,1209,1235]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<heading id="2E57D538482EFFF1FF77FB33FE844299" bold="true" box="[151,286,1209,1235]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77FB33FE844299" bold="true" box="[151,286,1209,1235]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77FA88FD96402A" blockId="23.[151,1436,1282,1632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<collectionCode id="13B1FA91482EFFF1FF77FA88FF724356" box="[151,232,1282,1308]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1674028 represents a dramatic range extension for this species, which had previously been known only from western tropical Atlantic settings off
<collectingRegion id="B764ACB6482EFFF1FD62FAACFD49430A" box="[642,723,1318,1344]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Florida</collectingRegion>
and the Blake Plateau (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5482EFFF1FC08FAACFBFE430A" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1000,1124,1318,1344]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" pagination="201 - 260" refId="ref21000" refString="Mah, C. L. (2020) New Species, Occurrence Records and Observations of Predation by Deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA Ship Okeanos nExplorer. Zootaxa, 4766 (2), 201 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mah 2020</bibRefCitation>
). It is similar to previously reported specimens sharing consistent
<collectionCode id="13B1FA91482EFFF1FDA8FAC0FDC0432E" box="[584,602,1354,1380]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">R</collectionCode>
/r ratios, granulation, superomarginals joined over mid radius, plate shape, and similar furrow spine shape and number. The most significant character difference in this specimen versus those specimens studied from the western tropical Atlantic is the presence of 4050 small paddle-shaped pedicellariae (Fig. BC), each sitting on an abactinal plate but widely distributed from one another, primarily occurring on plates around the distal edge of the disc adjacent to the contact with the superomarginal plates. Pedicellariae have been used to diagnose species among asteroids, but their use, such as in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482EFFF1FC60FA75FB9C4052" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[896,1030,1535,1560]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FC60FA75FB9C4052" box="[896,1030,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Hippasteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7482EFFF1FBCBFA74FB2E4052" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[1067,1204,1534,1560]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FBCBFA74FB2E4052" box="[1067,1204,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been dependent on pedicellariae
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6482EFFF1FEB2F9A8FE184076" box="[338,386,1570,1596]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">type</typeStatus>
as well as consistent presence and position. Pedicellariae in this specimen appear variable in their position on the disc surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF482EFFF1FF77F93BFEAE4116" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77F93BFEB34081" blockId="23.[151,297,1713,1739]" box="[151,297,1713,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<heading id="2E57D538482EFFF1FF77F93BFEB34081" bold="true" box="[151,297,1713,1739]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="484" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF77F93BFEB34081" bold="true" box="[151,297,1713,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF77F970FC71415E" blockId="23.[151,1436,1786,1884]" box="[151,1003,1786,1812]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
Off
<collectingRegion id="B764ACB6482EFFF1FF25F970FE83415E" box="[197,281,1786,1812]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Florida</collectingRegion>
, Stetson Mesa North and West, Blake Plateau,
<collectingRegion id="B764ACB6482EFFF1FCC5F970FCE5415E" box="[805,895,1786,1812]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
Channel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254482EFFF1FF27F895FEAE4116" blockId="23.[151,1436,1786,1884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46482EFFF1FF27F895FEE74172" box="[199,381,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">New occurrence</emphasis>
. Mid Atlantic Ridge, Rendonda,
<collectingRegion id="B764ACB6482EFFF1FD11F894FCDA4172" box="[753,832,1822,1848]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="23" pageNumber="484">Azores</collectingRegion>
(40 27”
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29 54” 26.1” W).
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150
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.
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FIGURE 10.
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Abactinal
<emphasis id="47D4BE464821FFFEFC99F962FC0B414A" bold="true" box="[889,913,1768,1792]" pageId="24" pageNumber="485">C.</emphasis>
Abactinal surface with pedicellariae.
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Actinal
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Adambulacral furrow.
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; A.M.
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</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77F927FC39408E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1646,1794]" box="[151,931,1708,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A4830FFEFFF77F927FC39408E" box="[151,931,1708,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFF77F927FE7E408E" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[151,484,1708,1732]" page="326" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFF77F927FE7E408E" ID-CoL="BGHQ2" authority="Sladen, 1889: 326" authorityName="Sladen" authorityPageNumber="326" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,484,1708,1732]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Leptogonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77F927FEB3408E" box="[151,297,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Leptogonaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFED0F926FE7E408E" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[304,484,1708,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen,1889: 326</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFE0FF926FD2A408E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[495,688,1708,1732]" page="1070" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFE0FF926FD2A408E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[495,688,1708,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref19137" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher, 1906: 1070</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFD5AF926FCF6408E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[698,876,1708,1732]" page="169" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFD5AF926FCF6408E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[698,876,1708,1732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref19197" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911: 169</bibRefCitation>
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, 173.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77F941FCD940A9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1646,1794]" box="[151,835,1739,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A4830FFEFFF77F941FCD940A9" box="[151,835,1739,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFF77F941FE4F40A9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,469,1739,1763]" page="173" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFF77F941FE4F40A9" ID-CoL="BG77B" authority="Verrill, 1899: 173" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,469,1739,1763]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Antheniaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77F941FE8240A9" box="[151,280,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Antheniaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFEFFF941FE4F40A9" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[287,469,1739,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref23232" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill, 1899: 173</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFE00F941FD3B40A9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[480,673,1739,1763]" page="1067" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFE00F941FD3B40A9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[480,673,1739,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref19137" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher, 1906: 1067</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFD4BF941FC8840A9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[683,786,1739,1763]" page="169" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFD4BF941FC8840A9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[683,786,1739,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref19197" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">1911: 169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 173
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77F960FDE3414B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1646,1794]" box="[151,633,1769,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF64830FFEFFF77F960FF534148" box="[151,201,1770,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFEC6F963FDE3414B" authority="Perrier, 1881" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[294,633,1769,1793]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="piercei">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFEC6F963FE75414B" box="[294,495,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Anthenoides piercei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFE16F963FDE3414B" author="Perrier, E." box="[502,633,1769,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref22038" refString="Perrier, E. (1881) Report on the Results of dredging in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877 - 79, by the United States Coastal Survey Steamer Blake. 14. Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 9, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1881">Perrier, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4830FFECFF77F8D9FA8046B3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77F8D9FE8A4127" blockId="9.[151,272,1875,1901]" box="[151,272,1875,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="2E57D5384830FFEFFF77F8D9FE8A4127" bold="true" box="[151,272,1875,1901]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77F8D9FE8A4127" bold="true" box="[151,272,1875,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFECFF77F811FA8046B3" blockId="9.[151,1436,1947,2010]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFF77F811FEA941FF" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,307,1947,1973]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
with stellate body form, pointed, triangular arms, broad interradial arcs, abactinal plates abutted, papulae present over radial regions on disc and arms, absent interradially. Continuous granule-invested tegument covers abactinal, marginal, actinal surface. Marginal plates quadrate forming distinct abactinal-actinal facing border with granules or short spinelets. Pedicellariae present or absent. Furrow spines, fine slender, subambulacral spination variable but some species with both bivalve and forceps-like pedicellariae. Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFB6EFF55FA8C46B3" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1166,1302,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref20949" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4833FFECFF77FEC0FE84472E" box="[151,286,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77FEC0FE84472E" blockId="10.[151,286,330,356]" box="[151,286,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<heading id="2E57D5384833FFECFF77FEC0FE84472E" bold="true" box="[151,286,330,356]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77FEC0FE84472E" bold="true" box="[151,286,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4833FFECFF77FE19FCDB4453" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77FE19FCDB4453" blockId="10.[151,1436,403,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74833FFECFF77FE19FEBB47E7" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,289,403,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77FE19FEBB47E7" box="[151,289,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Anthenoides</emphasis>
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is a widely distributed goniasterid present in relatively deep-sea habitats (approximately
<quantity id="B258CFB14833FFECFACCFE19FF34479B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="100.0">1001000 m</quantity>
) in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. There have been comprehensive taxonomic accounts of Pacific (e.g. Fisher, 1909;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFED2FE51FDD647BF" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[306,588,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref18546" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight 2001</bibRefCitation>
), Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFCE6FE51FCE747BF" author="Mah, C. L." box="[774,893,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref20949" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and Atlantic species (e.g. Halpern, 1970;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFABEFE51FEC24453" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey, 1992</bibRefCitation>
) but little is known regarding their biology.
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@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464831FFEEFF77F88BFE1F4151" bold="true" box="[151,389,1792,1819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="469">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFE6CF88AFDB24150" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[396,552,1792,1818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="165 - 205" refId="ref22897" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I. Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14749" type="journal article" year="1879">Verrill, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74831FFEEFF77F8E0FDB841CB" ID-CoL="58335" authority="Verrill, 1879: 201" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,546,1897,1921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464831FFEEFF77F8E0FEFB41CB" box="[151,353,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="469">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFE88F8E3FDB841CB" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[360,546,1897,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="165 - 205" refId="ref22897" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I. Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 165 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14749" type="journal article" year="1879">Verrill, 1879: 201</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFDCEF8E3FD0341CB" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[558,665,1897,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="503 - 645" refId="ref23051" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1885) Results of the explorations made by the steamer Albatross off the northern coast of the United States in 1883. Reports of the US Fisheries Commission, 1883, 503 - 645, pls. 10 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12059" type="journal article" year="1885">1885: 638</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFD45F8E3FC9541CB" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[677,783,1897,1921]" page="141" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFD45F8E3FC9541CB" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[677,783,1897,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref23184" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1895) Distribution of the echinoderms of north - eastern America. American Journal of Science, 3 (49), 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 49.290.127" type="journal article" year="1895">1895: 141</bibRefCitation>
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; Dons 1929: 98;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFC23F8E3FBE241CB" author="Blacker, R. W." box="[963,1144,1897,1921]" page="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFC23F8E3FBE241CB" author="Blacker, R. W." box="[963,1144,1897,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref18262" refString="Blacker, R. W. (1957) Benthic animals as indicators of hydrographic conditions and climatic change in Svalbard waters. Fisheries Investigations of the Ministry of Agriculture of London, 20, 1 - 49, 30 figures." type="book chapter" year="1957">Blacker 1957: 34</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFB64F8E3FAA641CB" author="Nesis, K. N." box="[1156,1340,1897,1921]" page="1886" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFB64F8E3FAA641CB" author="Nesis, K. N." box="[1156,1340,1897,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="1886 - 1888" refId="ref21917" refString="Nesis, K. N. (1960) On the distribution of the starfish Tremaster mirabili s Verrill. Zoologiechesky Zhurnal, 39, 1886 - 1888, 1 fig." type="journal article" year="1960">Nesis 1960: 1886</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFAA8F8E3FEA441D5" author="Jangoux, M." page="152" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFAA8F8E3FEA441D5" author="Jangoux, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref20148" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982 b) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux 1982b: 152</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFEAAF80DFD9041EA" author="Leeling, B." box="[330,522,1927,1952]" page="274" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFEAAF80DFD9041EA" author="Leeling, B." box="[330,522,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="261 - 276" refId="ref20432" refString="Leeling, B. (1984) Zur Morphologie und Systematik der Gattung Tremaster Verrill, 1879 (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) [Translation: The morphology and systematics of the genus Tremaster Verrill, 1879]. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 81, 261 - 276." type="journal article" year="1984">Leeling 1984: 274</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFDF5F80DFCA341D5" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[533,825,1927,1952]" page="196" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFDF5F80DFCA341D5" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[533,825,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 196</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFCA5F80DFBB541EA" author="Branch, M. L. &amp; Jangoux, M. &amp; Alva, V. &amp; Massin, C. L. &amp; Stampanato, S." box="[837,1071,1927,1952]" page="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFCA5F80DFBB541EA" author="Branch, M. L. &amp; Jangoux, M. &amp; Alva, V. &amp; Massin, C. L. &amp; Stampanato, S." box="[837,1071,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="37 - 70" refId="ref18304" refString="Branch, M. L., Jangoux, M., Alva, V., Massin, C. L. &amp; Stampanato, S. (1993) The Echinodermata of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23, 1 (2), 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="1993">
Branch
<emphasis id="47D4BE464831FFEEFC76F802FC5041D5" box="[918,970,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
1993: 42
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, 64;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFB82F80DFA0241D5" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[1122,1432,1927,1952]" page="163" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFB82F80DFA0241D5" author="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G." box="[1122,1432,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref18546" refString="Clark, H. E. S. &amp; McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark &amp; McKnight 2001: 163</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFF27F82CFD9C41F4" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters, J. W." box="[199,518,1958,1982]" page="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFF27F82CFD9C41F4" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters, J. W." box="[199,518,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref21949" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters, J. W. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">OLoughlin &amp; Waters 2004: 36</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFDF1F82CFCC841F4" author="Stampanato, S. &amp; Jangoux, M." box="[529,850,1958,1983]" page="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFDF1F82CFCC841F4" author="Stampanato, S. &amp; Jangoux, M." box="[529,850,1958,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref22487" refString="Stampanato, S. &amp; Jangoux, M. (2004) The asteroid fauna (Echinodermata) of Marion and Prince Edward Islands. Annals of the South African Museum, 112 (1), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2004">Stampanato &amp; Jangoux 2004: 4</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFCBDF82CFBBD41F4" author="Gale, K. S. P. &amp; Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Mercier, A." box="[861,1063,1958,1982]" page="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFCBDF82CFBBD41F4" author="Gale, K. S. P. &amp; Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Mercier, A." box="[861,1063,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref19535" refString="Gale, K. S. P., Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Mercier, A. (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 80, 25 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2013.05.016" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gale
<emphasis id="47D4BE464831FFEEFC72F82DFC5C41F4" box="[914,966,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="469">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 32
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 33, 35;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFB9DF82CFA0241F4" author="Clark, M. R. &amp; Bowden, D. A." box="[1149,1432,1958,1982]" page="169" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFB9DF82CFA0241F4" author="Clark, M. R. &amp; Bowden, D. A." box="[1149,1432,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref18656" refString="Clark, M. R. &amp; Bowden, D. A. (2015) Seamount biodiversity: high variability both within and between seamounts in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. Hydrobiologia, 761, 161 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 015 - 2327 - 9" type="journal article" year="2015">Clark &amp; Bowden 2015: 169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 171;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454831FFEEFF1BF84FFDA14197" author="Ringvold, H. &amp; Andersen, T." box="[251,571,1989,2013]" page="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54831FFEEFF1BF84FFDA14197" author="Ringvold, H. &amp; Andersen, T." box="[251,571,1989,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="469" pagination="22 - 30" refId="ref22318" refString="Ringvold, H. &amp; Andersen, T. (2016) Starfish (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from the Faroe Islands; spatial distribution and abundance. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 107, 22 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2015.09.004" type="journal article" year="2016">Ringvold &amp; Andersen 2016: 25</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FF1DFDDF46E4" blockId="9.[151,897,150,236]" box="[151,581,150,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A4830FFEFFF77FF1DFDDF46E4" box="[151,581,150,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFF77FF1DFDDB46E4" author="Clark, H. L." box="[151,577,150,175]" page="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFF77FF1DFDDB46E4" ID-CoL="58334" authority="H. L. Clark, 1941: 53 - 55" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="53 - 55" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,577,150,175]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77FF1DFEA446E5" box="[151,318,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Tremaster laevis</emphasis>
H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFE9AFF1DFDDB46E4" author="Clark, H. L." box="[378,577,150,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref18591" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 1 - 154, 10 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941: 5355</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FF3CFC1B4687" blockId="9.[151,897,150,236]" box="[151,897,181,206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A4830FFEFFF77FF3CFC1B4687" box="[151,897,181,206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFF77FF3CFD0A4687" author="Jangoux, M." box="[151,656,181,206]" page="152" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1982">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFF77FF3CFD0A4687" authority="Jangoux, 1982 b: 152" authorityName="Jangoux" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,656,181,206]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaecaledoneae">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77FF3CFE294687" box="[151,435,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Tremaster novaecaledoneae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFE5AFF3CFD0A4687" author="Jangoux, M." box="[442,656,181,206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="155 - 163" refId="ref20148" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982 b) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163." type="book chapter" year="1982">Jangoux, 1982b: 152</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFD35FF3FFCE74687" author="Clark, A. M." box="[725,893,181,205]" page="228" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFD35FF3FFCE74687" author="Clark, A. M." box="[725,893,181,205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref18441" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993: 228</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FF5FFD4646A6" blockId="9.[151,897,150,236]" box="[151,732,212,236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A4830FFEFFF77FF5FFD4646A6" box="[151,732,212,236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454830FFEFFF77FF5FFD4246A6" author="Leeling, B." box="[151,728,212,236]" page="274" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" year="1984">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFF77FF5FFD4246A6" authority="Leeling 1984: 274" authorityName="Leeling" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,728,212,236]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="mirabilis" subSpecies="novaecaledoneae">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77FF5FFD8F46A6" box="[151,533,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Tremaster mirabilis novaecaledoneae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFDFBFF5EFD4246A6" author="Leeling, B." box="[539,728,212,236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="261 - 276" refId="ref20432" refString="Leeling, B. (1984) Zur Morphologie und Systematik der Gattung Tremaster Verrill, 1879 (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) [Translation: The morphology and systematics of the genus Tremaster Verrill, 1879]. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 81, 261 - 276." type="journal article" year="1984">Leeling 1984: 274</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4830FFEFFF77FEB4FD084432" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FEB4FE8A4712" blockId="9.[151,272,318,344]" box="[151,272,318,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="2E57D5384830FFEFFF77FEB4FE8A4712" bold="true" box="[151,272,318,344]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77FEB4FE8A4712" bold="true" box="[151,272,318,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FE0CFD084432" blockId="9.[151,1436,390,633]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
Body pentagonal to sub pentagonal, strongly arched. Arms five, short, confluent with disc. Abactinal plates imbricate, with variable accessories ranging from large conical to small granuliform spinelets. Actinal spines single, tall, slender, and spatulate. Marginal plates imbricate, indistinct on lateral surface. Actinal plates in oblique transverse series, each with a large, single spine. Four rows of tube feet. Superambulacral, superactinal plates absent. Interradius very wide, thin, supported by interior distal keels on actinal plates meeting abactinal plates. Five plated ducts forming distinct channel between abactinal and actinal interradial openings. Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFAF8FDB0FED34432" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters, J. W." pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref21949" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Waters, J. W. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">OLoughlin &amp; Waters (2004</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFE9FFDD4FD084432" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[383,658,606,633]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4830FFEFFF77FD40FA9F451A" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FD40FE8444AE" blockId="9.[151,286,714,740]" box="[151,286,714,740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="2E57D5384830FFEFFF77FD40FE8444AE" bold="true" box="[151,286,714,740]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77FD40FE8444AE" bold="true" box="[151,286,714,740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FC98FA9F451A" blockId="9.[151,1436,786,849]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
This species has recently been reviewed (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFD8AFC98FD744566" author="Mah, C. L." box="[618,750,786,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref21224" refString="Mah, C. L. (2023 b) New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea). Zootaxa, 5310 (1), 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5310.1.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Mah 2023b</bibRefCitation>
) and is distributed widely in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans. Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFEB7FCBDFDAE451A" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[343,564,822,848]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tremaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFEB7FCBDFDAE451A" box="[343,564,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Tremaster mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFD04FCBDFCAB451A" box="[740,817,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">in situ,</emphasis>
feeding on gorgonians (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54830FFEFFBA0FCBCFB60451A" author="Gale, K. S. P. &amp; Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Mercier, A." box="[1088,1274,822,848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref19535" refString="Gale, K. S. P., Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Mercier, A. (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 80, 25 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2013.05.016" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gale
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFB9EFCBDFB2C451A" box="[1150,1206,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4830FFEFFF77FC28FC8242F3" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FC28FEB345F6" blockId="9.[151,297,930,956]" box="[151,297,930,956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="2E57D5384830FFEFFF77FC28FEB345F6" bold="true" box="[151,297,930,956]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77FC28FEB345F6" bold="true" box="[151,297,930,956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FC60FA844206" blockId="9.[151,1436,1002,1209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
Atlantic. In western Atlantic from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, to south of
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFBE5FC60FBD9424E" box="[1029,1091,1002,1028]" name="Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, including Whaley Seamount, Nygren Canyon, St. Croix,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFE32FB85FDC64262" box="[466,604,1038,1065]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, Gulf of Mexico (South of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFC78FB84FBD14262" authority="Ridge" authorityName="Ridge" box="[920,1099,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Okeanos Ridge</taxonomicName>
). In the northeast Atlantic off central
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and Arctic from Labrador, southeast
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFD07FBB8FCC54206" box="[743,863,1074,1100]" name="Greenland" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, southeast
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFC38FBB8FBB74206" box="[984,1069,1074,1100]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, and the Barents Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF27FBDCFC8242F3" blockId="9.[151,1436,1002,1209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
Also throughout the tropical Pacific and Antarctic/High-Latitude. Ross
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74830FFEFFBE7FBDCFADF423A" authority=", Kerguelen and Marion" authorityName="Kerguelen and Marion" box="[1031,1349,1110,1136]" genus="Deep" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" rank="species" species="sea">Sea, Kerguelen and Marion</taxonomicName>
Island,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFF77FBF0FF7F42DE" box="[151,229,1146,1172]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Tristan</collectingCountry>
de
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFEF4FBF0FEFA42DE" box="[276,352,1146,1172]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Cunha</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFE8FFBF0FDF842DE" box="[367,610,1146,1172]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
(Scotia Sea), Scott Island Bank (South Pacific), Cape Horn, Tierra del Fuego (South Atlantic). Broad depth range:
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4830FFEFFF77FA80FCE243DB" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FA80FEF6436E" blockId="9.[151,364,1290,1316]" box="[151,364,1290,1316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464830FFEFFF77FA80FEF6436E" bold="true" box="[151,364,1290,1316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Image Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FAD8FD0E4327" blockId="9.[151,888,1362,1425]" box="[151,660,1362,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">
St. Croix,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44830FFEFFEEAFAD9FE084326" box="[266,402,1362,1389]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, approximately
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<quantity id="B258CFB14830FFEFFDA6FAD8FD0A4327" box="[582,656,1362,1389]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.58" pageId="9" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="858.0">858 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544830FFEFFF77FAFCFCE243DB" blockId="9.[151,888,1362,1425]" box="[151,888,1398,1425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="470">EX1502L3_IMG_20150427T173941Z_ROVHD_ASR_AUD.jpg</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77FDE0FE1D44CF" bold="true" box="[151,391,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Anthenoides peircei</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77FD59FEFB44A1" box="[151,353,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Anthenoides peircei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFE8AFD59FD8344A1" author="Perrier, E." box="[362,537,723,747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref22038" refString="Perrier, E. (1881) Report on the Results of dredging in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877 - 79, by the United States Coastal Survey Steamer Blake. 14. Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 9, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1881">Perrier, 1881: 23</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFDC6FD59FD1544A1" author="Perrier, E." box="[550,655,723,747]" page="168" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFDC6FD59FD1544A1" author="Perrier, E." box="[550,655,723,747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="127 - 276" refId="ref22098" refString="Perrier, E. (1884) Memoire sur les etoiles de mer recueillies dans la mer des Antilles et le golfe du Mexique: durant les expeditions de dragage faites sous la direction de M. Alexandre Agassiz. Nouvelles a rchives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris, 6 (2), 127 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82184" type="journal article" year="1884">1884: 168</bibRefCitation>
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, 170, 247, pl. 8 fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFC60FD59FBA744A1" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[896,1085,723,747]" page="326" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFC60FD59FBA744A1" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[896,1085,723,747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen, 1889: 326</bibRefCitation>
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, 756pl;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFB7AFD59FAD344A1" author="Perrier, E." box="[1178,1353,723,747]" page="38" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFB7AFD59FAD344A1" author="Perrier, E." box="[1178,1353,723,747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref22242" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp., 26 pls." type="book" year="1894">Perrier, 1894: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFAB5FD59FEB54540" author="Verrill, A. E." page="113" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFAB5FD59FEB54540" author="Verrill, A. E." pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref23289" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1915) Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by the Bahama expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletins from the Laboratories of Natural History, 7 (1), 1 - 232, 29 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12035" type="journal article" year="1915">Verrill, 1915: 113</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl..3; fig. 2 pl. 10; figs. 11b, 22f;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFD49FD78FCC64540" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[681,860,754,778]" page="328" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFD49FD78FCC64540" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[681,860,754,778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref19197" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911: 328</bibRefCitation>
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, 331;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFC7BFD78FBD54540" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[923,1103,754,778]" page="328" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFC7BFD78FBD54540" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[923,1103,754,778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 547" refId="ref19248" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3 (100), 1 - 547. 156 pls." type="journal article" year="1919">Fisher, 1919: 328</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 331, 332; H.L.
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFB16FD78FA024540" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1270,1432,754,778]" page="49" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFB16FD78FA024540" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1270,1432,754,778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref18591" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15 (1), 1 - 154, 10 pls." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941: 49</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; D. D. John &amp; A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFE7CFC9AFDD44563" author="Clark, A. H." box="[412,590,784,809]" page="139" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFE7CFC9AFDD44563" author="Clark, A. H." box="[412,590,784,809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="373 - 379" refId="ref18399" refString="Clark, A. H. (1954) Echinoderms (other than Holothurians) of the Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Bulletin, U. S. Fisheries &amp; Wildlife Service, 55 (89), 373 - 379." type="journal article" year="1954">Clark, 1954: 139</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; A.H.
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFD74FC9AFCDC4562" author="Clark, A. H." box="[660,838,784,808]" page="375" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFD74FC9AFCDC4562" author="Clark, A. H." box="[660,838,784,808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="373 - 379" refId="ref18399" refString="Clark, A. H. (1954) Echinoderms (other than Holothurians) of the Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Bulletin, U. S. Fisheries &amp; Wildlife Service, 55 (89), 373 - 379." type="journal article" year="1954">Clark, 1954: 375</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFCB3FC9AFBB34563" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[851,1065,784,809]" page="272" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFCB3FC9AFBB34563" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[851,1065,784,809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref19796" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 a) A monographic revision of the goniasterid sea stars of the North Atlantic. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 253 pp." type="book" year="1970">Halpern, 1970a: 272</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 2930;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFB5AFC9AFE11450D" author="Florez, C. &amp; Martinez de Rodriguez, A." page="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFB5AFC9AFE11450D" author="Florez, C. &amp; Martinez de Rodriguez, A." pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="3 - 8" refId="ref19339" refString="Florez, C. &amp; Martinez de Rodriguez, A. (1971) Status de la familia Goniasteridae (Asteroidea: Phanerozonia) en la region oriental de Venezuela. Boletim Instituto Oceanografico, 9, 3 - 8, 6 figs." type="journal article" year="1971">Florez &amp; Martinez de Rodriguez, 1971: 5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFE76FCBAFDC8450D" author="Downey, M. E." box="[406,594,815,840]" page="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFE76FCBAFDC8450D" author="Downey, M. E." box="[406,594,815,840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref18926" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey, 1973: 48</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 17, figs. AB;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFCEDFCA5FC76450D" author="Walenkamp, J. H. C." box="[781,1004,815,839]" page="63" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFCEDFCA5FC76450D" author="Walenkamp, J. H. C." box="[781,1004,815,839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref23361" refString="Walenkamp, J. H. C. (1976) The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 147, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1976">Walenkamp, 1976: 63</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 8c, 21, pl. 12, fig. 3, pl. 13, figs. 14, pl..14, figs. 1,3,4; pl. 15, fig. 2; Jangoux, 1978: 95;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFD37FCC4FC23452C" author="Walenkamp, J. H. C." box="[727,953,846,870]" page="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFD37FCC4FC23452C" author="Walenkamp, J. H. C." box="[727,953,846,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref23390" refString="Walenkamp, J. H. C. (1979) Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Guyana Shelf. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 170, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1979">Walenkamp, 1979: 36</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs.11,13, pl. 9, figs. 14;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFB37FCC4FEB545CF" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." page="228" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFB37FCC4FEB545CF" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey, 1992: 228</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 54E; Clark, A.M. 1993: 242.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77FC01FCE04588" blockId="10.[151,1437,723,962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A4833FFECFF77FC01FCE04588" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454833FFECFF77FC01FDEE45E9" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[151,628,907,931]" page="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" year="1956">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74833FFECFF77FC01FDEE45E9" ID-CoL="5VBBJ" authority="Bernasconi, 1956: 33" authorityName="Bernasconi" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,628,907,931]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77FC01FE0B45E9" box="[151,401,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Anthenoides brasiliensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFE78FC01FDEE45E9" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[408,628,907,931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="33 - 36" refId="ref17989" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1956) Dos nuevos Equinodermos de la costa del Brasil. Neotropica, 2, 33 - 36, 2 figs." type="journal article" year="1956">Bernasconi, 1956: 33</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1; 1958: 131, pl. 3, figs. 45; 1961: 24, pl. 2; 1963: 20, pol. 1, fig. 3, pl.2, fig4, pl. 5, fig. 1; 1964: 254 (as part of key); Clark, A.M. 1993: 242.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4833FFECFF77FC7AFD7F42D0" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77FC7AFE0F4240" blockId="10.[151,405,1008,1034]" box="[151,405,1008,1034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<heading id="2E57D5384833FFECFF77FC7AFE0F4240" bold="true" box="[151,405,1008,1034]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77FC7AFE0F4240" bold="true" box="[151,405,1008,1034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Nomenclatural Note</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77FBB2FD7F42D0" blockId="10.[151,1436,1080,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
As outlined by Lawrence &amp; Pomory in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFDB9FBB2FD744218" author="Mah, C. L." box="[601,750,1080,1106]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref21174" refString="Mah, C. L. (2023 a) World Asteroidea Database. Anthenoides peircei Perrier, 1881. Available from: https: // marinespecies. org / asteroidea. / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 178061 (accessed 26 October 2023)" type="url" year="2023">Mah (2023a)</bibRefCitation>
, The species name is commonly misspelled
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74833FFECFB07FBB3FAD84218" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[1255,1346,1081,1107]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="piercei">
«
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFB15FBB3FAD84218" box="[1269,1346,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">piercei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
» as has been observed in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFEBDFBD6FD33423C" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[349,681,1116,1143]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992: 228)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFD00FBD6FC1B423C" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[736,897,1116,1142]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen (1889)</bibRefCitation>
. The correct spelling
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74833FFECFB93FBD7FB54423C" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[1139,1230,1117,1143]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peircei">
«
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFB61FBD7FB54423C" box="[1153,1230,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">peircei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
» was named for a professor of astronomy and mathematics at Harvard.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4833FFECFF77FB66FB98406C" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77FB66FE8A434C" blockId="10.[151,272,1260,1286]" box="[151,272,1260,1286]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<heading id="2E57D5384833FFECFF77FB66FE8A434C" bold="true" box="[151,272,1260,1286]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77FB66FE8A434C" bold="true" box="[151,272,1260,1286]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77FABEFB98406C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1332,1575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
Body stellate, arms triangular, sharply tapering (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14833FFECFD4BFABEFC9E4304" box="[683,772,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Body surface covered by a distinct dermis, which obscures plates in some individuals. Abactinal plates flat, polygonal, in regular rows along radial regions (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14833FFECFB39FAD2FAA94338" box="[1241,1331,1368,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Papular pores large, single. Secondary plates present, numerous. Marginal plates blocklike with inferomarginal plates bevelled, projecting slightly beyond superomarginal plates. Up to 12 pairs of superomarginal plates abutted medially (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14833FFECFF7FFA4EFE874394" box="[159,285,1476,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Figs 4BC</figureCitation>
). Granules close and abundant on actinal surface, absent or reduced on abactinal surface. Adambulacral plates narrow, each with furrow spines, 4 to 8, two conical subambulacral spines present. Pedicellariae bivalve, variably abundant on actinal surface. Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFD08F986FC67406C" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[744,1021,1548,1575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4833FFEDFF77F9F2FE75479B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77F9F2FE8440D8" blockId="10.[151,286,1656,1682]" box="[151,286,1656,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<heading id="2E57D5384833FFECFF77F9F2FE8440D8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1656,1682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77F9F2FE8440D8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1656,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77F94AFC234169" blockId="10.[151,1436,1728,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
Clark and Downey s (1992) designation of MCZ 480 as a
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF64833FFECFCD0F94AFC084090" box="[816,914,1728,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFC2AF94AFB0D4090" author="Halpern, J. A." box="[970,1175,1728,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="193 - 286" refId="ref19835" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Halperns (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
statement that the type material for this species as lost are incorrect.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFD6DF96EFCAD40B4" author="Perrier, E." box="[653,823,1764,1790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref22038" refString="Perrier, E. (1881) Report on the Results of dredging in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877 - 79, by the United States Coastal Survey Steamer Blake. 14. Description sommaire des especes nouvelles d'Asteries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 9, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1881">Perriers (1881</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54833FFECFCA2F96EFCE140B4" author="Perrier, E." box="[834,891,1764,1790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" refId="ref22242" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp., 26 pls." type="book" year="1894">1894</bibRefCitation>
) original description is based on a
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF64833FFECFB1FF96FFACC40B5" box="[1279,1366,1765,1791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series in the
<collectingRegion id="B764ACB64833FFECFF3DF883FEA94169" box="[221,307,1801,1827]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">MNHN</collectingRegion>
collections (MNHN-IE-2014-148) which remains extant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFECFF77F8FEFE1341C4" blockId="10.[151,393,1908,1934]" box="[151,393,1908,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<heading id="2E57D5384833FFECFF77F8FEFE1341C4" bold="true" box="[151,393,1908,1934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77F8FEFE1341C4" bold="true" box="[151,393,1908,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFF77F8FEFF7C41C4" bold="true" box="[151,230,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">In situ</emphasis>
Observation
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544833FFEDFF77F836FEA04757" blockId="10.[151,1437,1980,2043]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14833FFECFF77F836FEB1419C" box="[151,299,1980,2006]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">Figure 4AC</figureCitation>
shows to the best of knowledge, the first published observations of this species
<emphasis id="47D4BE464833FFECFB52F837FB6D419C" box="[1202,1271,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="471">in situ</emphasis>
. The upturned arms have been observed on nearly all preserved specimens, but observed here on a living specimen, this suggests this is its natural posture with elongate tube feet extended. Actinal surface appears flush with or impressed into the sediment, which appears displaced (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14832FFEDFDBEFF31FD20469F" box="[606,698,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), suggesting that this species may be a detritivore or an infaunal predator.
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14832FFEDFEE3FF55FEE446B3" box="[259,382,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">Figure. 4C</figureCitation>
shows
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74832FFEDFE37FF55FDDC46B2" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[471,582,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="472" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peircei">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFE37FF55FDDC46B2" box="[471,582,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">A. peircei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
elevated on a substrate covered by encrusting organisms upon which it is likely feeding.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544832FFEDFF27FEADFCC1472F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">
Color of living individuals is tan to brown with dark orange or brown highlights present interradially, on arm tips and on irregular positions on the abactinal plates (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14832FFEDFD16FEC1FCD4472F" box="[758,846,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544832FFEDFF27FEE5FE75479B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54832FFEDFF27FEE5FE2C47C3" author="Mecho, A. &amp; Easton, E. E. &amp; Sellanes, J. &amp; Gorny, M. &amp; Mah, C." box="[199,438,367,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472" pagination="91" refId="ref21687" refString="Mecho, A., Easton, E. E., Sellanes, J., Gorny, M. &amp; Mah, C. (2019) Unexplored diversity of the mesophotic echinoderm fauna of the Easter Island ecoregion. Marine Biology, 166, 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 019 - 3537 - x" type="journal article" year="2019">
Mecho
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFEC1FEE5FEC547C3" box="[289,351,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
presented
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFDD9FEE5FD1947C2" box="[569,643,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">in situ</emphasis>
imagery of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74832FFEDFCFCFEE5FC4E47C3" box="[796,980,367,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="472" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFCFCFEE5FC3C47C3" box="[796,934,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">Anthenoides</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, from Rapa Nui, which were possibly
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74832FFEDFF77FE19FDB547E7" authority="(Mah 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Mah" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[151,559,403,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="472" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="epixanthus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFF77FE19FE3B47E7" box="[151,417,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">Anthenoides epixanthus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54832FFEDFE4FFE19FDBD47E7" author="Mah, C. L." box="[431,551,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472" pagination="401 - 450" refId="ref21057" refString="Mah, C. L. (2021) The East Pacific / South Pacific Boundary: New Taxa and Occurrences from Rapa Nui (Easter Island), New Caledonia and adjacent regions. Zootaxa, 4980 (3), 401 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.3.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Mah 2021</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species was variably a dark, solid orange color to white with dark orange highlights with white arm tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="21DF32DC4832FFEDFF78F8FEFD7C41E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="472" startId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="751F62544832FFEDFF78F8FEFD7C41E5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1907,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFF78F8FEFE6A41C6" bold="true" box="[152,496,1907,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">
FIGURE 4.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74832FFEDFEC0F8F9FE6A41C6" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1881" box="[288,496,1907,1932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anthenoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="472" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peircei">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFEC0F8F9FE6A41C6" bold="true" box="[288,496,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">Anthenoides peircei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFE1DF8FEFD8C41C6" bold="true" box="[509,534,1908,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">A.</emphasis>
Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFBECF8FEFBBE41C6" bold="true" box="[1036,1060,1908,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">B.</emphasis>
On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464832FFEDFEC0F812FEA341FA" bold="true" box="[288,313,1944,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="472">C.</emphasis>
Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFF77FF1DFEB346FB" bold="true" box="[151,297,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FF55FEF7472C" blockId="12.[151,1437,223,358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
Central to South West Atlantic Ocean: Virginia, North and South Carolina, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFF77FE89FF6A4757" box="[151,240,259,285]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. Caribbean Sea.
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFE59FE89FD8B4757" box="[441,529,259,285]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Columbia, Antillean Islands from
<collectingRegion id="B764ACB64835FFEAFC51FE8EFB914754" box="[945,1035,260,286]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFBD8FE89FB354757" box="[1080,1199,259,285]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFB5EFE8EFAD14757" box="[1214,1355,259,286]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFABAFE89FA034757" box="[1370,1433,259,285]" name="Cuba" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Cuba</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFF77FEADFF7B470B" box="[151,225,295,321]" name="Belize" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFF0EFEADFECD470B" box="[238,343,295,321]" name="Bahamas" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFE83FEADFDA7470B" box="[355,573,295,321]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Trinidad &amp; Tobago</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFDAAFEADFCAC470B" box="[586,822,295,321]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFCA2FEADFC06470B" box="[834,924,295,321]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFC48FEADFB90470B" box="[936,1034,295,321]" name="Suriname" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Surinam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFBF6FEADFBC4470B" box="[1046,1118,295,321]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFB89FEA2FB554708" box="[1129,1231,296,322]" name="Uruguay" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
: Cabo Polonio (to ~31˚S).
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFF77FE3DFEED479B" bold="true" box="[151,375,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Images Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FD8AFD454453" blockId="12.[151,813,511,718]" box="[151,735,511,538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFF77FD8AFE854453" box="[151,287,511,538]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="109404934835FFEAFECAFE75FE0C4450" box="[298,406,511,538]" degrees="18.15403" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" precision="1" value="18.15403">18.15403</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="109404934835FFEAFE41FE75FD8D4450" box="[417,535,511,538]" degrees="67.51924" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" precision="1" value="-67.51924">-67.51924</geoCoordinate>
,
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<quantity id="B258CFB14835FFEAFDC2FE75FDF64450" box="[546,620,511,538]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.72" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" unit="m" value="472.0">472 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14835FFEAFD9FFE75FD4C4453" box="[639,726,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FDA9FCB74474" blockId="12.[151,813,511,718]" box="[151,813,547,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">EX1502L3_IMG_20150415T160037Z_ROVHD_ASR.jpg</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FDC2FDF5442B" blockId="12.[151,813,511,718]" box="[151,623,583,610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
Lang Bank,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFEC1FDC2FE33442B" box="[289,425,583,610]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="63A6A9DD4835FFEAFE54FDCDFD984428" box="[436,514,583,610]" count="286" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" type="generic">
<quantity id="B258CFB14835FFEAFE54FDCDFE644428" box="[436,510,583,610]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" unit="m" value="286.0">286 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14835FFEAFDF1FDCDFDFD442B" box="[529,615,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FDE1FD5044CC" blockId="12.[151,813,511,718]" box="[151,714,619,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">EX2206_IMG_20220829T195328Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FD1AFDF544E3" blockId="12.[151,813,511,718]" box="[151,623,655,682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
Lang Bank,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44835FFEAFEC1FD1AFE3344E3" box="[289,425,655,682]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="63A6A9DD4835FFEAFE54FD05FD9844E0" box="[436,514,655,682]" count="312" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" type="generic">
<quantity id="B258CFB14835FFEAFE54FD05FE6444E0" box="[436,510,655,682]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" unit="m" value="312.0">312 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14835FFEAFDF1FD05FDFD44E3" box="[529,615,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-141@11.[151,1436,489,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthenoides peircei. A. Puerto Rico, 472 m. Green dots (lasers)=10 cm. B. On vertical wall, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 286 m. C. Feeding, Lang Bank, Puerto Rico, 312 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FD39FD504484" blockId="12.[151,813,511,718]" box="[151,714,691,718]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">EX2206_IMG_20220829T192514Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
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<mods:title id="4695AB7F658E04F12892B560B0D1C29A">Two New Taxa of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) and Noteworthy Observations of Deep-Sea Asteroidea by the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer in the North and Tropical Atlantic</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4835FFEAFF77FC95FE014573" box="[151,411,799,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FC95FE014573" blockId="12.[151,411,799,826]" box="[151,411,799,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
<heading id="2E57D5384835FFEAFF77FC95FE014573" bold="true" box="[151,411,799,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74835FFEAFF77FC95FE014573" ID-CoL="9FY9V" authority="Mah 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,411,799,826]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Atheraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFF77FC95FE014573" bold="true" box="[151,411,799,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFF77FC95FE8C4570" bold="true" box="[151,278,799,826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Atheraster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54835FFEAFEFEFC95FE014573" author="Mah, C. L." box="[286,411,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref21115" refString="Mah, C. L. (2022) New Genera, Species and Occurrence of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the Tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa, 5164 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Mah 2022</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4835FFEAFF77FCEDFB6C4213" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" type="diagnosis">
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<heading id="2E57D5384835FFEAFF77FCEDFE8A45CB" bold="true" box="[151,272,871,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFF77FCEDFE8A45CB" bold="true" box="[151,272,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FC25FB6C4213" blockId="12.[151,1437,943,1114]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
Body strongly stellate (R/r=3.84.0) with arms, elongate and tapering. Abactinal arm plates twice to three times larger than those on the disc. Sharp, thorn-like spines, variably well developed to incipient, present on all superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, forming regular series. Two of the known species with multiple spines present on interradial superomarginal and inferomarginal plates which become single, prominent spines distally. Granules with pointed tips. Pedicellariae paddle-like. Furrow spine number,
<quantity id="B258CFB14835FFEAFC0FFBB5FBDE4213" box="[1007,1092,1087,1114]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">515 in</quantity>
known species.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4835FFEAFF77FB21FE6D4333" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFF77FB21FE84428F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Comments</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="751F62544835FFEAFF77FB79FE6D4333" blockId="12.[151,1437,1267,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
A genus described to accommodate
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74835FFEAFDA3FB7EFC824347" box="[579,792,1267,1294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFDA3FB7EFD224344" box="[579,696,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Circeaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74835FFEAFC6AFB7EFB764347" authority="Mah 2006" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2006" box="[906,1260,1267,1294]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arandae">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFC6AFB7EFBF34347" box="[906,1129,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Circeaster arandae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54835FFEAFB95FB79FB764347" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1141,1260,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="473" pagination="917 - 954" refId="ref20684" refString="Mah, C. L. (2006) Phylogeny and biogeography of the deep-sea goniasterid, Circeaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including descriptions of six new species. Zoosystema, 28 (4), 917 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Mah 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but displaying prominent spines on the marginal plates (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14835FFEAFD9CFA9DFD5E4378" box="[636,708,1303,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[152,255,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,904]" captionTargetId="figure-16@13.[151,1436,181,904]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Atheraster sp. undescribed. Hopscotch seamount, North Atlantic, 2501 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910712/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Two species, including
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFC10FA9DFB54437B" box="[1008,1230,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Atheraster arandae</emphasis>
(
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and
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464835FFEAFF77FAB1FE0A431F" box="[151,400,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="473">Atheraster symphonia</emphasis>
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from the Indo-Pacific are known. Both species have been observed feeding on octocoral colonies (
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77FF1DFEFE46F8" bold="true" box="[151,356,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77FE89FE8A4757" bold="true" box="[151,272,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Abactinal plates tabulate, low to moderate in height with fasciolar grooves, variably shallow to well-developed, plates lacking stellate bases. Abactinal, marginal, actinal surfaces covered by densely arranged polygonal to round granules. Body stellate, many species with well-developed arms (
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/ r=1.84.0). Based on
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.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77FE75FE844453" bold="true" box="[151,286,511,537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Comments</emphasis>
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A genus described in order to accommodate
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FD7BFDCDFCF6442B" box="[667,876,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Mediaster elegans</emphasis>
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, a species assigned to
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FB96FDCDFB72442B" box="[1142,1256,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Mediaster</emphasis>
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but lacking the stellate radiating base, which was shared between species in
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FCD2FDE1FC3E44CF" box="[818,932,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Mediaster</emphasis>
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and related genera, such as
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FB36FDE6FAC044CC" box="[1238,1370,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Ceramaster</emphasis>
(
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)
</taxonomicName>
. It currently includes five Pacific species, which all occur in deep-sea settings. Although
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FB3DFD05FF654487" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster kelliottae</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FEE7FD39FEDD4487" bold="true" box="[263,327,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4837FFE8FEE7FD39FEDD4487" box="[263,327,691,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is the first Atlantic species described, images suggest the possibility that one or two more species were observed.
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<mods:identifier id="1D9E279EACD9769DB7B7776DDAFA9D96" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5432.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="86933312FD8C0AE5CBD6A1380269583A" type="Zenodo-Dep">10910698</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="FD09D3424837FFF7FF77FCC9FD50427F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10910728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD09D3424837FFF7FF77FCC9FD50427F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD09D3424837FFF7FF77FCC9FD50427F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4837FFE8FF77FCC9FDBE4517" box="[151,548,835,862]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77FCC9FDBE4517" blockId="14.[151,548,835,897]" box="[151,548,835,862]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="2E57D5384837FFE8FF77FCC9FDBE4517" bold="true" box="[151,548,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77FCC9FDBE4517" bold="true" box="[151,548,835,862]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FF77FCC9FE414514" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,475,835,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77FCC9FE414514" bold="true" box="[151,475,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. sp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4837FFE8FF77FCEDFED245CB" box="[151,328,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77FCEDFED245CB" blockId="14.[151,548,835,897]" box="[151,328,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FF77FCEDFED245CB" box="[151,328,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">FIGURE 6AG</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4837FFE8FF77FC25FDCE4213" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77FC25FE844583" blockId="14.[151,286,943,969]" box="[151,286,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="2E57D5384837FFE8FF77FC25FE844583" bold="true" box="[151,286,943,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77FC25FE844583" bold="true" box="[151,286,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77FC7DFDCE4213" blockId="14.[151,1436,1015,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
This species is named for Kelley Suhre (formerly Elliott) Deputy Chief, Explorations &amp; Expeditions Division at NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research to honor her efforts supporting deep-sea research, especially those of NOAA ship
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FE64FBB5FDCE4213" authority="Explorer." authorityName="Explorer." box="[388,596,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FE64FBB5FDCE4213" box="[388,596,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Okeanos Explorer.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4837FFE8FF77FB21FC374067" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77FB21FE8A428F" blockId="14.[151,272,1195,1221]" box="[151,272,1195,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="2E57D5384837FFE8FF77FB21FE8A428F" bold="true" box="[151,272,1195,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77FB21FE8A428F" bold="true" box="[151,272,1195,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77FB79FC374067" blockId="14.[151,1437,1267,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
A stellate species (
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914837FFE8FE86FB79FEE34347" box="[358,377,1267,1293]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">R</collectionCode>
/r=2.22) distinguished by the presence of short, moderate length tabulate plates (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FB1AFB79FA0E4347" box="[1274,1428,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Fig. 6A, B, D</figureCitation>
) topped with round and polygonal granules (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FD9AFA9DFD48437B" box="[634,722,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Stellate, internally expressed radial ossicles on abactinal plates (as in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FF3AFAB1FED6431F" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[218,332,1339,1365]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mediaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF3AFAB1FED6431F" box="[218,332,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Mediaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) absent. Fasciolar grooves present (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FD3AFAB1FCAE431F" box="[730,820,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Marginal plates, 30 per interradius (at
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914837FFE8FB0FFAB1FA99431F" box="[1263,1283,1339,1365]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">R</collectionCode>
=6.0) covered with round, coarse granules (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FE3DFAD5FDE24333" box="[477,632,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Fig. 6A, C, D</figureCitation>
) and small spatulate pedicellariae. Actinal surface covered by granules. Adambulacral plates flanked by a continuous series of actinal plates, each bearing a single large, transversely oriented bivalve pedicellariae, these arranged serially and extending adjacent to the adambulacral plates to the arm tip (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FF25FA41FEDE43AF" box="[197,324,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Fig. 6DG</figureCitation>
). Adambulacral plates with spines in four series. Furrow spines, triangular in cross-section, 2 to 6, mostly 5 to 6 decreasing to 2 or 3 distally, adjacent to the terminus. Second and third subambulacral spine series each with four spines with last series showing five spines (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FCC8F999FC3B4067" box="[808,929,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Fig. 6FG</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4837FFF6FF77F9F5FC5344CF" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77F9F5FE8440D3" blockId="14.[151,286,1663,1689]" box="[151,286,1663,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="2E57D5384837FFE8FF77F9F5FE8440D3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1663,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FF77F9F5FE8440D3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1663,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544837FFE8FF77F94DFCE34197" blockId="14.[151,1437,1735,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
This is the first
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FEAEF94DFDF240AB" box="[334,616,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FEAEF94DFD9740AB" box="[334,525,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
known from the Atlantic. The presence of large (i.e. bisect the plate on which they sit), serial bivalve pedicellariae adjacent to the adambulacral plates (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FC1CF961FBE6414F" box="[1020,1148,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Figs. 6EG</figureCitation>
) distinguishes this species apart from
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FEF3F885FD294163" authority="Mah 2022" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2022" box="[275,691,1807,1833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inornata">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FEF3F885FDA34163" box="[275,569,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster inornata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54837FFE8FDA1F885FD294163" author="Mah, C. L." box="[577,691,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref21115" refString="Mah, C. L. (2022) New Genera, Species and Occurrence of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the Tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa, 5164 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Mah 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FD09F885FB024163" authority="(Fisher, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[745,1176,1807,1833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="smithi">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FD09F885FC694163" box="[745,1011,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster smithi</emphasis>
(Fisher, 1913)
</taxonomicName>
which completely lack pedicellariae.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FED5F8B9FD364107" authority="Mah 2016" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[309,684,1843,1869]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="teres">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FED5F8B9FDAB4107" box="[309,561,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster teres</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54837FFE8FDD9F8B9FD364107" author="Mah, C. L." box="[569,684,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref20884" refString="Mah, C. L. (2016) Deep-sea (&gt; 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species. Zootaxa, 4175 (2), 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Mah 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FD5AF8B9FBDB4107" authority="Mah 2016" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[698,1089,1843,1869]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="careyi">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FD5AF8B9FC5C4107" box="[698,966,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster careyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54837FFE8FC2EF8B9FBDB4107" author="Mah, C. L." box="[974,1089,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref20884" refString="Mah, C. L. (2016) Deep-sea (&gt; 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species. Zootaxa, 4175 (2), 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Mah 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FB60F8B9FED34138" authority="(Ludwig, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FB60F8B9FA074107" box="[1152,1437,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster elegans</emphasis>
(Ludwig, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
possess either small tong-shaped or clam-shaped bivalve pedicellariae similar in size to adjacent granules. Subambulacral and furrow spines on
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FD78F8F1FC5E41DF" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[664,964,1915,1941]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FD78F8F1FC5E41DF" box="[664,964,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FC29F8F1FB9C41DF" bold="true" box="[969,1030,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4837FFE8FC29F8F1FB9C41DF" box="[969,1030,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
occur in two distinct series separated from one another (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14837FFE8FE87F815FE7141F3" box="[359,491,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Figs. 6FG</figureCitation>
). This is distinctly different from other Pacific
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74837FFE8FC18F815FA9541F3" box="[1016,1295,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464837FFE8FC18F815FB2D41F3" box="[1016,1207,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="475">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
which show dissimilar morphologies and spine number (see
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54837FFE8FD50F849FCBF4197" author="Mah, C. L." box="[688,805,1987,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" pagination="101 - 141" refId="ref20884" refString="Mah, C. L. (2016) Deep-sea (&gt; 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species. Zootaxa, 4175 (2), 101 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4175.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Mah 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54837FFE8FCD0F849FCF74197" author="Mah, C. L." box="[816,877,1987,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="475" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref21115" refString="Mah, C. L. (2022) New Genera, Species and Occurrence of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the Tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa, 5164 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="21DF32DC4836FFE9FF78F8A3FB1E41C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="476" startId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="751F62544836FFE9FF78F8A3FB1E41C3" blockId="15.[151,1437,1833,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FF78F8A3FDA6410B" bold="true" box="[152,572,1833,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">
FIGURE 6.
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74836FFE9FEC2F8A3FDA6410B" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[290,572,1833,1857]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="476" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FEC2F8A3FDA6410B" bold="true" box="[290,572,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">Bathyceramaster kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4836FFE9FDA4F8A3FDE5410B" box="[580,639,1833,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476" rank="species">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FDA4F8A3FDE3410B" bold="true" box="[580,633,1833,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74836FFE9FD6EF8A3FC84410B" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[654,798,1833,1857]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="476" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FCCDF8A3FCDC410B" bold="true" box="[813,838,1833,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">A.</emphasis>
Abactinal.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FC5FF8A3FC4C410B" bold="true" box="[959,982,1833,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">B.</emphasis>
Abactinal plates, closeup.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FB0DF8A3FA9F410B" bold="true" box="[1261,1285,1833,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">C.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FAEEF8A0FACA410B" box="[1294,1360,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">In situ</emphasis>
image.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FF77F8C7FF2A412F" bold="true" box="[151,176,1869,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">D.</emphasis>
Abactinal-superomarginal edge.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FDEEF8C7FDBF412F" bold="true" box="[526,549,1869,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">E.</emphasis>
Actinal.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FD6AF8C7FD07412F" bold="true" box="[650,669,1869,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">F.</emphasis>
Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae.
<emphasis id="47D4BE464836FFE9FB09F8C7FA99412F" bold="true" box="[1257,1283,1869,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="476">G.</emphasis>
Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF6FF27FF1DFC5344CF" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FF27FF1DFE6646FB" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,508,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FF27FF1DFE6646FB" box="[199,508,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Bathyceramaster kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FDE9FF1DFDD446FB" bold="true" box="[521,590,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4829FFF6FDE9FF1DFDD446FB" box="[521,590,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also invites comparison with
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FC5DFF1DFAEF46FB" authority="(Storm, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Storm" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[957,1397,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nidarosiensis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FC5DFF1DFB5E46FB" box="[957,1220,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster nidarosiensis</emphasis>
(Storm, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
an apparent synonym of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FE66FF31FD9B469F" baseAuthorityName="Tortonese" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[390,513,187,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="placenta">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FE66FF31FD9B469F" box="[390,513,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">P. placenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characterized by the presence of a similar series of pedicellariae on the actinal plate series adjacent to the adambulacral series. While
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FD57FF55FCEC46B3" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[695,886,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FD57FF55FCEC46B3" box="[695,886,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears some general similarity with
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FB1FFF55FAFE46B3" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1279,1380,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FB1FFF55FAFE46B3" box="[1279,1380,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. granules cover abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces), it differs in possessing well-developed tabulate plates and fasciolar grooves versus abutted plates with indirect or shallow fasciolar grooves. Also, marginal plates are fewer in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FF55FEC1FE80472F" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[181,282,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FF55FEC1FE80472F" box="[181,282,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(approximately 15 at
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914829FFF6FDF5FEC1FDB2472F" box="[533,552,331,357]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">R</collectionCode>
=
<quantity id="B258CFB14829FFF6FDD7FEC1FD1E472F" box="[567,644,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" unit="cm" value="4.7">4.7 cm</quantity>
in
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914829FFF6FD4AFEC1FD61472F" box="[682,763,331,357]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
38229) versus
<quantity id="B258CFB14829FFF6FC49FEC1FC79472F" box="[937,995,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FC0BFEC1FBE9472F" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[1003,1139,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FC0BFEC1FBE9472F" box="[1003,1139,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">B. kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FB9BFEC1FB20472F" bold="true" box="[1147,1210,331,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4829FFF6FB9BFEC1FB20472F" box="[1147,1210,331,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914829FFF6FB2AFEC1FB44472F" box="[1226,1246,331,357]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">R</collectionCode>
=6.0 cm), and
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FA64FEC1FF6547C3" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FA64FEC1FF6547C3" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">B. kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FEE8FEE5FED247C3" bold="true" box="[264,328,367,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4829FFF6FEE8FEE5FED247C3" box="[264,328,367,393]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a much more strongly stellate shape with well-developed arms whereas
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FB52FEE5FA8D47C3" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1202,1303,367,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FB52FEE5FA8D47C3" box="[1202,1303,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to be pentagonal (
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914829FFF6FEC2FE19FEAC47E7" box="[290,310,403,429]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">R</collectionCode>
/r=1.6) as outlined in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54829FFF6FDCDFE19FCC247E7" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[557,856,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. In the
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF64829FFF6FC4EFE19FB8A47E7" box="[942,1040,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914829FFF6FBFFFE19FBE847E7" box="[1055,1138,403,429]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1660278) of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FAEDFE19FA0F47E7" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[1293,1429,403,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FAEDFE19FA0F47E7" box="[1293,1429,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">B. kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pedicellariae are present in series along the actinal series adjacent to the adambulacral plates to the arm tip, but irregularly so in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FEBDFE51FE5847BF" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[349,450,475,501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FEBDFE51FE5847BF" box="[349,450,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 3 to 4X longer than those in the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FBD3FE51FAAD47BF" baseAuthorityName="Storm" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1075,1335,475,501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nidarosiensis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FBD3FE51FAAD47BF" box="[1075,1335,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster nidarosiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914829FFF6FAA9FE51FA0647BF" box="[1353,1436,475,501]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
38229,
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914829FFF6FF0CFE75FEA74453" box="[236,317,511,537]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1225448) examined. Adambulacral spines in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FCA2FE75FC3D4453" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[834,935,511,537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FCA2FE75FC3D4453" box="[834,935,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also quadrate in cross section and easily 2 to 3X the thickness of those in
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FDFFFDA9FD444477" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[543,734,547,573]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FDFFFDA9FD444477" box="[543,734,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FCADFDA9FBE44477" authority="Mah, 2024" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2024" box="[845,1150,547,573]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kelliottae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FCADFDA9FBE44477" box="[845,1150,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Bathyceramaster kelliottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FB68FDA9FB504477" bold="true" box="[1160,1226,547,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE7033D4829FFF6FB68FDA9FB504477" box="[1160,1226,547,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is consistent with other
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FF38FDCDFE0D442B" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2016" box="[216,407,583,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Bathyceramaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FF38FDCDFE0D442B" box="[216,407,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Bathyceramaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in occurring at lower bathyal-abyssal depths,
<quantity id="B258CFB14829FFF6FC40FDCDFBA6442B" box="[928,1084,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5425" metricValueMax="1.699" metricValueMin="1.386" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" unit="m" value="1542.5" valueMax="1699.0" valueMin="1386.0">13861699 m</quantity>
whereas
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FB47FDCDFA96442B" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1191,1292,583,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FB47FDCDFA96442B" box="[1191,1292,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Peltaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing the
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FF77FDE1FEA244CF" baseAuthorityName="Storm" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[151,312,619,645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Peltaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nidarosiensis">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FF44FDE1FEA244CF" box="[164,312,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">nidarosiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” morphology are present at shallower depths,
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316
<specimenCount id="63A6A9DD4829FFF6FC9BFDE1FC5E44CF" box="[891,964,619,645]" count="336" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="generic">336 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4829FFF6FF77FD5CFB1E4573" box="[151,1156,726,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF6FF77FD5CFEB344BA" blockId="16.[151,297,726,752]" box="[151,297,726,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<heading id="2E57D5384829FFF6FF77FD5CFEB344BA" bold="true" box="[151,297,726,752]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FF77FD5CFEB344BA" bold="true" box="[151,297,726,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF6FF77FC95FB1E4573" blockId="16.[151,1156,799,825]" box="[151,1156,799,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74829FFF6FF77FC95FEB04573" authority="Mound" authorityName="Mound" box="[151,298,799,825]" genus="Deep" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" rank="genus">Deep Mound</taxonomicName>
2, Blake Plateau and Yakut Seamount, North Atlantic Ocean,
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF4829FFF7FF77FC00FDA54453" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF6FF77FC00FEB245EE" blockId="16.[151,296,906,932]" box="[151,296,906,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
<heading id="2E57D5384829FFF6FF77FC00FEB245EE" bold="true" box="[151,296,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464829FFF6FF77FC00FEB245EE" bold="true" box="[151,296,906,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF6FF77FC59FD38425B" blockId="16.[151,1437,979,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
Body stellate (
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/r=2.22), arms triangular, interradial arcs round, weakly curved. Marginal plates forming a thick, rolled lateral edge. Arms upturned (Figs A, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF6FF27FB91FAA243AF" blockId="16.[151,1437,979,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
Abactinal plates tabulate (i.e. moderate length shaft with coarse granular cover) with well developed fasciolar grooves (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FEE1FBB5FE194213" box="[257,387,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6A, D</figureCitation>
). Internal plate bases round to polygonal, lacking stellate bases. Abactinal plates hexagonal in outline on central region of disc (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FDD6FBE9FD144237" box="[566,654,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) and arms becoming smaller, more irregular and quadrate in outline interradially, especially adjacent to the contact with superomarginal plates. Plates interradially, adjacent to superomarginals closely arranged, in ordered series (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FD10FB21FCD6428F" box="[752,844,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Abactinal plates on disc and radial regions widely spaced. Papulae single pores, present on basal arm regions. Plates covered by 1040 coarse, round to irregular closely arranged, evenly spaced granules (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FD8BFB79FD594347" box="[619,707,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Each plate with 4 to 5 granules in series along each edge, central region with 5 to 15 granules present.Abactinal pedicellariae narrow spatulate, some with 3 to 4 teeth per valve. Most pedicellariae with two valves, but one with three. Approximately 5 to 10 pedicellariae with one pedicellariae present per plate especially around the basal region on the arm, loosely associated with the papular regions.Anus surrounded by four large abactinal plates, each of these with enlarged peripheral granules, approximately twice to 3X the size of the central granules, with some enlarged peripheral granules triangular in shape. Madreporite quadrate in shape, surrounded by six abactinal plates, two plates bearing pedicellariae. Abactinal plates extending to arm tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF6FF27FA65FE7F414F" blockId="16.[151,1437,979,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
Marginal plates 30 per interradius (15 per arm) forming distinct dorsal-facing border, especially along distalmost regions along arm, where they occupy approximately 50% of the width (0.3/
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) occupied by superomarginal plates (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FF09F9BDFEDF401B" box="[233,325,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Superomarginal plates proximally largest, becoming smaller distally (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FB91F9BDFA89401B" box="[1137,1299,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6A, C, D</figureCitation>
). Interradial superomarginal plates quadrate with angular corners (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FD17F9D1FCC8403F" box="[759,850,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates slightly offset forming an irregular zigzag contact between them. Marginal plates covered by even but closely arranged homogeneously sized granules, round, 200 to 400 with approximately
<quantity id="B258CFB14829FFF6FC45F928FB9D40F7" box="[933,1031,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="16" pageNumber="477" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">1520 in</quantity>
series along each side. Pedicellariae small, spatulate in shape, present one per plate, approximately 5 to 10 per interradius mostly centered on plates adjacent to the disc (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FE9EF961FE42414F" box="[382,472,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544829FFF7FF27F885FD98469F" blockId="16.[151,1437,979,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,537]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">
Actinal plates in 7 to 8 regular series in chevron arrangement. Individual actinal plates quadrate in shape. Individual plates covered by 1225 evenly spaced granules, round, sometimes in even series. Peripheral granules distinct, with 4 to 5 granules per edge. Actinal plates extending along arm to within 6 to 8 plates of the arm terminus where actinal plates decrease to three then one series of plates between adambulacral and inferomarginal plates. Actinal plates adjacent to the adambulacral plates each with a large, i.e. bisecting the plate on which they sit, bivalve pedicellariae each with two large clam-shaped valves (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14829FFF6FCE4F849FCE74197" box="[772,893,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="477">Fig. 6EG</figureCitation>
) each bearing 1520 small teeth along the edge of each valve. Serial pedicellariae present on every plate proximally but gradually disappearing approximately 10 plates short of the arm terminus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF27FF55FC8447BF" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
Adambulacral plates with four spine series (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FD55FF55FC9546B3" box="[693,783,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
). Furrow spines, triangular in cross-section, 2 to 6, mostly 5 to 6 decreasing to 2 or 3 distally, (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FDDDFE89FD2F4757" box="[573,693,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6FG</figureCitation>
) adjacent to the terminus. Second and third subambulacral spine series each with four spines (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FE0BFEADFDFF470B" box="[491,613,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6FG</figureCitation>
) with last series adjacent to actinal plates showing five spines. Second subambulacral spines blunt-tipped, thickened, each approximately twice as thick as furrow spines. Third and fourth subambulacrals blunt, short, approaching granules in overall shape (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FC43FEE5FC6547C3" box="[931,1023,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
). Oral plates with furrow spines 11, blunt, each triangular to quadrate in shape, close set to one another. Oral plate surface covered by 1215 angular to triangular granules showing continuity with subambulacral granules (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FC7EFE3DFC69479B" box="[926,1011,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
). Granules on oral plates separated by fossae dividing oral plates on either side of the inter radii.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF27FE75FDA54453" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,537]" box="[199,575,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
Living color was white (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED14828FFF7FE39FE75FDA84453" box="[473,562,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Bathyceramaster kelliottae n. sp. (Goniasteridae) A. Abactinal. B. Abactinal plates, closeup. C. In situ image. D. Abactinal-superomarginal edge. E. Actinal. F. Actinal view, oral region, large bivalve pedicellariae. G. Actinal viewadambulacral plates, large bivalve pedicellariae. Scale: A, E=10.0 mm, B,F,G=2.0 mm, D=3.0 mm," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910716/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464828FFF7FF77FDE0FE1144CE" bold="true" box="[151,395,618,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF77FD39FF5B455F" blockId="17.[151,1437,690,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
<materialsCitation id="C5C868094828FFF7FF77FD39FF5B455F" latitude="30.848" longitude="-77.3075" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">
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.
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2, Blake Plateau, North Atlantic Ocean.
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. Coll. NOAA Ship
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(A. Collins &amp; S. Farrington)
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, EX2107,
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, 1 wet spec.
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.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544828FFF7FF27FC95FD6D4573" blockId="17.[151,1437,690,825]" box="[199,759,799,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="478">EX2107_IMG_20211102T203617Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
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Yakut Seamount (deep), North Atlantic,
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,
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.
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77FAF2FEC843D9" bold="true" box="[151,338,1400,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Neomorphaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FEBAFAF2FE6B43D8" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[346,497,1400,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77FA37FE98439F" box="[151,258,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Glyptaster</emphasis>
Sladen
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FE8DFA37FD30439F" author="Thomson, C. W. &amp; Murray, J." box="[365,682,1469,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="511 - 1110" refId="ref22649" refString="Thomson, C. W. &amp; Murray, J. (1885) Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76 under the command of Captain George S. Nares and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R. N. Vol. 1. Part 2. Neill, Edinburgh, pp. i - viii + 511 - 1110. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109677" type="book chapter" year="1885">Thomson &amp; Murray, 1885: 612</bibRefCitation>
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(
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, no species named) (Non-
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Hall, 1852
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77FA56FEAF43BE" box="[151,309,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Neomorphaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FEDBFA56FE7543B9" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[315,495,1499,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 436</bibRefCitation>
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; Fisher 1923: 596; 1930: 211.
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74838FFE7FF77FA70FE574058" ID-CoL="BG8YK" authority="Perrier 1891: 1226" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="1226" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,461,1530,1554]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Calycaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77FA70FE9F4058" box="[151,261,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Calycaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FEEBFA70FE574058" author="Perrier, E." box="[267,461,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="258 - 271" refId="ref22206" refString="Perrier, E. (1891) Stellerides nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht l' Hirondelle. Me´moires de la Socie´te´zoologique de France, 4, 258 - 271." type="journal article" year="1891">Perrier 1891: 1226</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FE37FA70FDDA4058" author="Perrier, E." box="[471,576,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="258 - 271" refId="ref22206" refString="Perrier, E. (1891) Stellerides nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht l' Hirondelle. Me´moires de la Socie´te´zoologique de France, 4, 258 - 271." type="journal article" year="1891">1891: 258</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="F40144454838FFE7FF77F993FE24407B" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,446,1561,1585]" page="102" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74838FFE7FF77F993FE24407B" ID-CoL="BF4YF" authority="Perrier 1894: 102" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,446,1561,1585]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Gastraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77F993FE99407A" box="[151,259,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Gastraster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FEEAF993FE24407B" author="Perrier, E." box="[266,446,1561,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" refId="ref22242" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp., 26 pls." type="book" year="1894">Perrier 1894: 102</bibRefCitation>
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; Fisher 1918: 103; 1923: 250; 1930: 206;
<treatmentCitation id="F40144454838FFE7FC89F993FBDE407B" author="Mortensen, T." box="[873,1092,1561,1585]" page="137" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FC89F993FBDE407B" author="Mortensen, T." box="[873,1092,1561,1585]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" refId="ref21808" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London, ix + 471 pp., 269 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen 1927: 137</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF64838FFE7FF77F9D5FF4C4033" box="[151,214,1631,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Type</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74838FFE7FF02F9D5FD094033" authority="Sladen 1889" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[226,659,1631,1657]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eustichus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF02F9D5FE644033" box="[226,510,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Neomorphaster eustichus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FDE5F9D5FD094033" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[517,659,1631,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74838FFE7FCDCF9D5FB514033" authority="Perrier" authorityName="Perrier" box="[828,1227,1631,1657]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pedicellasteridae" genus="Pedicellaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FCDCF9D5FBE24033" box="[828,1144,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Pedicellaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
Perrier
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in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FB0EF9D5FF4840D7" author="Milne-Edwards, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref21753" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1882) Rapport sur les Travaux de la Commission chargee par M. le Ministre de l'Instruction Publique d'etudier la faune sous-marine dans les grandes profondeurs de la Mediterranee et de l'Ocean Atlantique. Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires, 9 (3), 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1882">Milne-Edwards 1882</bibRefCitation>
, by monotypy.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77F962FE8A4148" bold="true" box="[151,272,1768,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F62544838FFE7FF77F8A0FEF641B2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1834,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">
Body strongly stellate (
<collectionCode id="13B1FA914838FFE7FE46F8A0FE20410F" box="[422,442,1834,1861]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">R</collectionCode>
/r=5.3) Disc small, arms elongate, gradually tapering, interradial arcs acute. Abactinal plates in regular longitudinal and transverse series with distinct carinal series, in addition to adradial plates, marginal plates and actinal series, 2 to 3 rows. Plates covered by granules or spinelets. Papulae present, 1 to 10 per papular region. Furrow spines diplacanthid.Adoral carina present, tube feet quadriserial. Pedicellariae crossed, small widely present on abactinal surface. Straight pedicellariae, present on alternate adambulacral plates. Modified from
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.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77FCC9FED34517" bold="true" box="[151,329,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Stichasteridae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FF77FC02FED145D5" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,331,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="884 - 887" refId="ref22172" refString="Perrier, E. (1885) Sur les stellerides recueillis durant la mission du Talisman. Comptes-rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 101, 884 - 887." type="journal article" year="1885">Perrier 1885: 885</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FEB6FC0DFE1145D5" author="Perrier, E." box="[342,395,903,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="884 - 887" refId="ref22172" refString="Perrier, E. (1885) Sur les stellerides recueillis durant la mission du Talisman. Comptes-rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 101, 884 - 887." type="journal article" year="1885">1885</bibRefCitation>
b: 15;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FE29FC02FDE445EA" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[457,638,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 430</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FD68FC02FCFE45EA" author="Mortensen, T." box="[648,868,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" refId="ref21808" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London, ix + 471 pp., 269 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen 1927: 133</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FC8EFC02FBF345D5" author="Mah, C. &amp; Foltz, D. W." box="[878,1129,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="646 - 660" refId="ref21381" refString="Mah, C. &amp; Foltz, D. W. (2011 b) Molecular Phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata): Systematics &amp; Biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162, 646 - 660. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah &amp; Foltz 2011b: 652</bibRefCitation>
(reinstated)
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74838FFE7FF77FC2CFD8945F4" authority="Fisher 1923: 250" authorityName="Fisher" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,531,934,958]" class="Asteroidea" family="Neomorphasteridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Neomorphasteridae Fisher 1923: 250</taxonomicName>
; 1928: 56 (key); 1930: 211;
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FCD2FC2CFBBD45F4" author="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. R." box="[818,1063,934,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="107" refId="ref22427" refString="Spencer, W. K. &amp; Wright, C. R. (1966) Asterozoans, Part U: Echinodermata In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. 3 (1). University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, U 4 - U 107." type="book chapter" year="1966">Spencer &amp; Wright 1966</bibRefCitation>
: U 77.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77FB9AFE844260" bold="true" box="[151,286,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Comments</emphasis>
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Although
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FEE6FBD2FDC64238" box="[262,604,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Neomorphaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a familiar North Atlantic species, this is the first taxonomic accounting of
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FF77FBF6FEDF42DC" box="[151,325,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Neomorphaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since it has been returned to the
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following molecular phylogenetic revisions (
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). This differs from Ringvold &amp; Anderson (2016) which cited occurrence from the
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C44838FFE7FB5AFB2BFACE42F0" box="[1210,1364,1184,1211]" name="Faroe Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Faroe Islands</collectingCountry>
.
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cited it as a member of Fishers
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74838FFE7FD33FB4EFC2B4294" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1923" box="[723,945,1220,1246]" class="Asteroidea" family="Neomorphasteridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Neomorphasteridae</taxonomicName>
, a name which has since been synonymized following reinstatement of the
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D74838FFE7FE10FB62FC1D4348" authority="(Mah &amp; Foltz 2011 b)" baseAuthorityName="Mah &amp; Foltz" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[496,903,1256,1283]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Stichasteridae (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA54838FFE7FD7CFB62FCE54348" author="Mah, C. &amp; Foltz, D. W." box="[668,895,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="462" pagination="646 - 660" refId="ref21381" refString="Mah, C. &amp; Foltz, D. W. (2011 b) Molecular Phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata): Systematics &amp; Biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162, 646 - 660. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah &amp; Foltz 2011b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
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The eastern Atlantic
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<emphasis id="47D4BE464838FFE7FE50FA86FDA7436C" box="[432,573,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="462">Stichastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also a member of the
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present in the northern hemisphere.
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Synonymy of
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FEA2FC12FDE545F8" bold="true" box="[322,639,920,947]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster forcipatus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FC6AFE2F45B1" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,437,992,1019]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipatu">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FC6AFE2F45B1" box="[151,437,992,1019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster forcipatu</emphasis>
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s
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE28FC6AFDCB45B1" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[456,593,992,1019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="245 - 297" refId="ref23113" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1894) Descriptions of new species of starfishes and ophiurans, with a revision of certain species formerly described; mostly from the collections made by the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17 (1000), 245 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1000.245" type="journal article" year="1894">Verrill 1894</bibRefCitation>
is herein argued as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FC03FC6AFAA745B0" ID-CoL="46N5F" authorityName="Clark &amp; Downey" authorityYear="1992" box="[995,1341,992,1018]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FC03FC6AFAA745B0" box="[995,1341,992,1018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Perrier in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FF5AFB8EFE2B4255" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[186,433,1028,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref21753" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1882) Rapport sur les Travaux de la Commission chargee par M. le Ministre de l'Instruction Publique d'etudier la faune sous-marine dans les grandes profondeurs de la Mediterranee et de l'Ocean Atlantique. Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires, 9 (3), 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1882">Milne-Edwards 1882</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FE2AFB8EFD6C4255" ID-CoL="6S7R6" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1894" box="[458,758,1028,1055]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FE2AFB8EFD6C4255" box="[458,758,1028,1055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster forcipatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FBC0FB8EFA064254" ID-CoL="BH9HR" authority="Sladen" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1056,1436,1028,1054]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eustichus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FBC0FB8EFAD94254" box="[1056,1347,1028,1054]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster eustichus</emphasis>
Sladen
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF50FBA2FD904208" ID-CoL="46N5F" authorityName="Clark &amp; Downey" authorityYear="1992" box="[176,522,1064,1090]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF50FBA2FD904208" box="[176,522,1064,1090]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) based on numerous pedicellariae scatted over the surface, a greater number of papulae, transverse arrangement of abactinal spinelets, and having elongate and slender, furrow spines.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FACDFBC6FEDD42C1" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
later refined the differences between the two species to papular number, differences in spinet shape (clavate versus granuliform), and oblique versus parallel actinal spines. All three of these characters show high levels of variation which erodes the morphological distinction between the two species. Papulae number per pore for example, varies between a 1 to 5 per pore, in some cases on a single individual (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483AFFE5FB8AFB56FB5E42BD" box="[1130,1220,1244,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6483AFFE5FAF0FB56FAE842BC" box="[1296,1394,1244,1270]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
for
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FA8BFEB04351" ID-CoL="6S7R6" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,298,1281,1307]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FA8BFEB04351" box="[151,298,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">N. forcipatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 14859) shows weakly visible but single pores, in addition to the 35 pores summarized by
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FF77FAAEFE334375" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[151,425,1316,1343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
with the
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6483AFFE5FDF2FAAEFDEE4374" box="[530,628,1316,1342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="63A6A9DD483AFFE5FD4AFAAFFCA34375" box="[682,825,1317,1343]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
both showing between 1 to 3 papular pores. Similarly, the distinction between granuliform versus clavate granulation varies between specimens, sometimes on the same specimen (e.g. USNM 1016059). Combinations of these characters is similarly inconsistent between species and muddled with other character types. For example, granuliform spinelets, which characterize
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FB32FA1BFAF243E1" ID-CoL="6S7R6" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1894" box="[1234,1384,1425,1451]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FB32FA1BFAF243E1" box="[1234,1384,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">N. forcipatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are present on individuals with only one or two papular pores. The third character outlined by
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FB64FA3EFA0D4385" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[1156,1431,1460,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, is arrangement of actinal spines relative to the furrow spines as oblique or parallel. Examination of
<typeStatus id="AA1BDCF6483AFFE5FAE0FA53FAF143B9" box="[1280,1387,1497,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and additional specimens reveals that actinal spines are not inflexible and that orientation is more varied than what was observed in the type specimens and thus, not a consistent character difference between the two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483AFFE5FF27F9CEFC6740EC" blockId="3.[151,1437,992,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF27F9CEFD874014" ID-CoL="46N5F" authorityName="Clark &amp; Downey" authorityYear="1992" box="[199,541,1604,1630]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF27F9CEFD874014" box="[199,541,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here considered a wide-ranging Atlantic species, present in the east Atlantic at a depth of
<quantity id="B258CFB1483AFFE5FEEFF9E2FE0740C9" box="[271,413,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.905" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="2905.0" valueMax="5410.0" valueMin="400.0">4005410 m</quantity>
but known from the west Atlantic side from
<quantity id="B258CFB1483AFFE5FC78F9E2FBB240C9" box="[920,1064,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2565" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.513" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" unit="m" value="1256.5" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="513.0">5132000 m</quantity>
. New occurrences of this species show
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF39F906FE1D40EC" ID-CoL="87HVC" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[217,391,1676,1702]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF39F906FE1D40EC" box="[217,391,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present in
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483AFFE5FDE3F906FD0940EC" box="[515,659,1676,1702]" name="Bahamas" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483AFFE5FD55F906FC9D40EC" box="[693,775,1676,1702]" name="Angola" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Angola</collectingCountry>
in the South Atlantic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483AFFE2FF77F973FE2547C3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254483AFFE5FF77F973FE0E4158" blockId="3.[151,404,1784,1811]" box="[151,404,1784,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="2E57D538483AFFE5FF77F973FE0E4158" bold="true" box="[151,404,1784,1811]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77F973FE0E4158" bold="true" box="[151,404,1784,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77F973FF7C4158" bold="true" box="[151,230,1784,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">In situ</emphasis>
Observations
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483AFFE2FF77F8CAFE98469F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1856,2027]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
When observed
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FEACF8CBFDD64110" box="[332,588,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
in situ,
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FE7EF8CAFDD64110" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[414,588,1856,1882]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Neomorphaster</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in the western North Atlantic are abundant for a given region but are widely dispersed from one another (at least 0.5 to 1.0 m between individuals) along hard and soft substrata (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483AFFE5FAE9F8EEFA0A4135" box="[1289,1424,1892,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Figs. 1AB</figureCitation>
). In most instances, the animal appears to have disc and arms appressed onto the surface (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483AFFE5FB6BF802FB7E41E9" box="[1163,1252,1928,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Spines around the oral region are numerous and elongate, directed away from the deeply recessed mouth region (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483AFFE5FB3DF826FAAC418D" box="[1245,1334,1964,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Furrow spines are similarly elongate, large, thick and blunt with adjacent actinal spines similarly if not more thickened than the furrow spines with weakly clavate tips. All spines are directed ventrally suggesting interaction with the substrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF27FF55FA0E4757" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
Based on the observation of foraminifera within the gut cavity of USNM E18509 (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483DFFE2FBB3FF55FB3F46B3" box="[1107,1189,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
) it is argued that these feed in a fashion analogous to
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483DFFE2FE0DFE89FD184757" box="[493,642,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FE0DFE89FDC04756" box="[493,602,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Zoroaster</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
utilizing body posture and spines appressed into the sediment to feed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF27FEADFE2547C3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
Anecdotally, individuals were observed in highest abundance within the canyons and in regions adjacent to the North American continental shelf. No
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483DFFE2FDA5FEC1FD69472F" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[581,755,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FDA5FEC1FD69472F" box="[581,755,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Neomorphaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed during EX2104 to the Corner Rise and North Atlantic Seamount chains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483DFFE2FF77FE50FC284487" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77FE50FE5147BE" blockId="4.[151,459,474,500]" box="[151,459,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<heading id="2E57D538483DFFE2FF77FE50FE5147BE" bold="true" box="[151,459,474,500]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FF77FE50FE5147BE" bold="true" box="[151,459,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Distribution/Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77FDA9FDD3442B" blockId="4.[151,1437,547,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
East Atlantic. Azores (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483DFFE2FE7BFDA9FE6D4477" box="[411,503,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), Hebridean Slope, Rockall Trough, SW Ireland,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483DFFE2FBD6FDA9FB044477" box="[1078,1182,547,573]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483DFFE2FB4CFDA9FAD24477" box="[1196,1352,547,573]" name="Faroe Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Faroe Islands</collectingCountry>
, Aviles Canyon (Bay of Biscay),
<quantity id="B258CFB1483DFFE2FE55FDCCFDDF442B" box="[437,581,582,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.905" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="2905.0" valueMax="5410.0" valueMin="400.0">4005410 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF27FDE1FC5844CF" blockId="4.[151,1437,547,717]" box="[199,962,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FF27FDE1FEF844CF" box="[199,354,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">West Atlantic.</emphasis>
Laurentian Canyon to Hudson Canyon,
<quantity id="B258CFB1483DFFE2FCC7FDE1FC5844CF" box="[807,962,619,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1400.0">14002000 m</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF27FD05FC284487" blockId="4.[151,1437,547,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FF27FD05FE1344E3" box="[199,393,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">New Occurrence.</emphasis>
Bear Seamount, Lydonia Canyon, McMaster Canyon, Retriever Seamount (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483DFFE2FB2DFD05FAB844E3" box="[1229,1314,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483DFFE2FAD6FD05FA0744E3" box="[1334,1437,655,681]" name="Bahamas" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
to Cachalote Guyote, Kai Ridge.
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483DFFE2FDEAFD39FDC64487" box="[522,604,691,717]" name="Angola" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Angola</collectingCountry>
(South Atlantic).
<quantity id="B258CFB1483DFFE2FCC5FD38FC284487" box="[805,946,690,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2005" metricValueMax="1.888" metricValueMin="0.513" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="1200.5" valueMax="1888.0" valueMin="513.0">5131888 m</quantity>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483DFFE2FF77FC94FD6542A3" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77FC94FE114572" blockId="4.[151,395,798,824]" box="[151,395,798,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<heading id="2E57D538483DFFE2FF77FC94FE114572" bold="true" box="[151,395,798,824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FF77FC94FE114572" bold="true" box="[151,395,798,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77FCEDFCFE45EF" blockId="4.[151,1437,870,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<materialsCitation id="C5C86809483DFFE2FF77FCEDFCFE45EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4601796306" latitude="39.7167" longitude="-70.4833" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
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14859, SW of Nantucket Shoals,
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. Coll. NMFS Albatross,
<date id="011E4494483DFFE2FE82FC01FE6C45EF" box="[354,502,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" value="1886-07-16">16 July 1886</date>
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r=
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r=
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. 1 dry spec.
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.
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<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF27FBB5FE614237" blockId="4.[151,1437,870,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
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E 30706 Lydonia Canyon, Georges Bank,
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. Coll. DSR/V
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FB55FBB5FB6A4213" box="[1205,1264,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Alvin</emphasis>
,
<date id="011E4494483DFFE2FB1DFBB4FA024213" box="[1277,1432,1086,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" value="1982-09-15">15 Sept. 1982</date>
. 1 dry spec.
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=8.0 cm r=
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1016059 Bear Seamount, North Atlantic,
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. Coll.
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II,
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, 7 dry specs.
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r=
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r=
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r=
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r=1.0 cm,
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r=
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r=
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r=
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SE of the
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Kai Ridge, North Atlantic,
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FF1DFD9246FB" ID-CoL="46N5F" authorityName="Clark &amp; Downey" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,520,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FF1DFD9246FB" bold="true" box="[151,520,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
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(Perrier in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FD7BFF1DFC3346FB" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[667,937,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref21753" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1882) Rapport sur les Travaux de la Commission chargee par M. le Ministre de l'Instruction Publique d'etudier la faune sous-marine dans les grandes profondeurs de la Mediterranee et de l'Ocean Atlantique. Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires, 9 (3), 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1882">Milne-Edwards, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483AFFE5FF77FF31FEDF469F" box="[151,325,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254483AFFE5FF77FF31FEDF469F" blockId="3.[151,946,151,213]" box="[151,325,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483AFFE5FF77FF31FEDF469F" box="[151,325,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">FIGURE 1AE</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FE8AFD9B4752" authority="Perrier" authorityName="Perrier" box="[151,513,256,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pedicellasteridae" genus="Pedicellaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FE8AFE2C475D" box="[151,438,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Pedicellaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
Perrier
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in
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FDC2FE8AFC85475D" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[546,799,255,280]" page="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FDC2FE8AFC85475D" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[546,799,255,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref21753" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1882) Rapport sur les Travaux de la Commission chargee par M. le Ministre de l'Instruction Publique d'etudier la faune sous-marine dans les grandes profondeurs de la Mediterranee et de l'Ocean Atlantique. Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires, 9 (3), 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1882">Milne-Edwards 1882: 46</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FF77FE94FD96477C" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,524,286,310]" page="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1885">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FE94FD96477C" ID-CoL="BHK8F" authority="Perrier 1885: 15" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,524,286,310]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Stichaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="talismani">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FE94FEFB477C" box="[151,353,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Stichaster talismani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE87FE94FD96477C" author="Perrier, E." box="[359,524,286,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="884 - 887" refId="ref22172" refString="Perrier, E. (1885) Sur les stellerides recueillis durant la mission du Talisman. Comptes-rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 101, 884 - 887." type="journal article" year="1885">Perrier 1885: 15</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A483AFFE5FF77FEB7FC2A471F" box="[151,944,317,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FF77FEB7FDC9471F" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[151,595,317,341]" page="438" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FEB7FDC9471F" ID-CoL="BH9HR" authority="Sladen 1889: 438" authorityName="Sladen" authorityPageNumber="438" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,595,317,341]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eustichus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FEB7FE03471F" box="[151,409,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster eustichus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE40FEB7FDC9471F" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[416,595,317,341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 893" refId="ref22376" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 30 (51), 1 - 893, 118 pls." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 438</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 66, figs. 34, pl 68, figs 910.
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<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FF77FED6FDB14739" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,555,347,372]" page="262" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FED6FDB14739" ID-CoL="Q59X" authority="Perrier 1891: 262" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="262" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,555,347,372]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Calycaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monoecus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FED6FEEA4739" box="[151,368,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Calycaster monoecus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE97FED6FDB14739" author="Perrier, E." box="[375,555,347,372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="258 - 271" refId="ref22206" refString="Perrier, E. (1891) Stellerides nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht l' Hirondelle. Me´moires de la Socie´te´zoologique de France, 4, 258 - 271." type="journal article" year="1891">Perrier 1891: 262</bibRefCitation>
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; 1896: 28, pl.3, figs 2, 2a, pl. 3, figs 3, 3a.
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<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FF77FEF1FDCC47D8" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,598,378,402]" page="103" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FEF1FDCC47D8" ID-CoL="3FCVX" authority="Perrier 1894: 103" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,598,378,402]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Gastraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FEF1FE0747D8" box="[151,413,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Gastraster margaritaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE43FEF0FDCC47D8" author="Perrier, E." box="[419,598,378,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref22242" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp., 26 pls." type="book" year="1894">Perrier 1894: 103</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 9, fig. 3;
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FD3EFEF1FC2347D8" author="Mortensen, T." box="[734,953,378,402]" page="137" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FD3EFEF1FC2347D8" author="Mortensen, T." box="[734,953,378,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref21808" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London, ix + 471 pp., 269 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen 1927: 137</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FC24FEF0FBF547D8" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[964,1135,378,402]" page="207" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FC24FEF0FBF547D8" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[964,1135,378,402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref19286" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1930) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 3. Forcipulata (concluded). Bulletin of the US National Museum, 78, 1 - 356, 93 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76.3" type="journal article" year="1930">Fisher 1930: 207</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="55B0457A483AFFE5FF77FE13FF774785" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FF77FE13FDCE47FB" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,596,409,433]" page="134" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FE13FDCE47FB" ID-CoL="BH9HT" authority="Perrier 1894: 134" authorityName="Perrier" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,596,409,433]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="talismani">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FE13FE0347FB" box="[151,409,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster talismani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE40FE13FDCE47FB" author="Perrier, E." box="[416,596,409,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref22242" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp., 26 pls." type="book" year="1894">Perrier 1894: 134</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 10, fig. 2;
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FD09FE13FC5E47FB" author="Mortensen, T." box="[745,964,409,433]" page="134" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FD09FE13FC5E47FB" author="Mortensen, T." box="[745,964,409,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref21808" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, London, ix + 471 pp., 269 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen 1927: 134</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 76;
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FBFEFE13FB5747FB" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1054,1229,409,433]" page="212" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FBFEFE13FB5747FB" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1054,1229,409,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref19286" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1930) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 3. Forcipulata (concluded). Bulletin of the US National Museum, 78, 1 - 356, 93 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76.3" type="journal article" year="1930">Fisher 1930: 212</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FB38FE13FF774785" author="Harvey, R. &amp; Gage, J. D. &amp; Billett, D. S. M. &amp; Clark, A. M. &amp; Paterson, L. J." page="167" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FB38FE13FF774785" author="Harvey, R. &amp; Gage, J. D. &amp; Billett, D. S. M. &amp; Clark, A. M. &amp; Paterson, L. J." pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="153 - 198" refId="ref19871" refString="Harvey, R., Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Clark, A. M. &amp; Paterson, L. J. (1988) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 3. Additional records. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 54 (4), 153 - 198, 5 figs." type="journal article" year="1988">
Harvey
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FAC9FE10FAC747FB" box="[1321,1373,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
1988: 167
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FE5CFDA447A4" ID-CoL="BH9HS" authority="Koehler 1896: 44" authorityName="Koehler" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,574,470,494]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parfaiti">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FE5CFE1D47A4" box="[151,391,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster parfaiti</emphasis>
Koehler 1896: 44
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(lapsus for
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FD57FE5DFCA947A4" box="[695,819,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">N. talismani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FE7FFDCD4447" ID-CoL="6S7R6" authority="Verrill 1894: 269" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,599,501,525]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="forcipatus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FE7FFE3B4447" box="[151,417,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster forcipatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE47FE7FFDCD4447" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[423,599,501,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="245 - 297" refId="ref23113" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1894) Descriptions of new species of starfishes and ophiurans, with a revision of certain species formerly described; mostly from the collections made by the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17 (1000), 245 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1000.245" type="journal article" year="1894">Verrill 1894: 269</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FD82FE7FFD514447" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[610,715,501,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref23184" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1895) Distribution of the echinoderms of north - eastern America. American Journal of Science, 3 (49), 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 49.290.127" type="journal article" year="1895">1895: 206</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FD35FE7FFC6A4447" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[725,1008,501,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 405</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="F4014445483AFFE5FF77FD9EFD774461" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[151,749,531,556]" page="406" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483AFFE5FF77FD9EFD774461" ID-CoL="46N5F" authority="Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 406" authorityName="Clark &amp; Downey" authorityPageNumber="406" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,749,531,556]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Neomorphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="margaritaceus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FD9EFE574461" box="[151,461,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Neomorphaster margaritaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FE32FD9EFD774461" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[466,749,531,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 406</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FD16FD9EFC584466" author="Ringvold, H." box="[758,962,532,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="469 - 472" refId="ref22270" refString="Ringvold, H. (1999) Starfishes (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) new for the Faroe Islands, collected by &quot; BIOFAR. &quot; Sarsia, 84 (5 - 6), 469 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1999.10807353" type="journal article" year="1999">Ringvold 1999: 471</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FC2BFD9EFB1F4461" author="Dilman, A. B." box="[971,1157,531,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="505 - 509" refId="ref18747" refString="Dilman, A. B. (2013) Changes in deep-sea asteroid fauna along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cahiers Biologie Marine, 54, 505 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2012.749993" type="journal article" year="2013">Dilman 2013: 507</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483AFFE5FB6EFD9EFF4E4400" author="Garcia-Guillen, L. M. &amp; Macias-Ramirez, A. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Manjon-Cabeza, M. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref19597" refString="Garcia-Guillen, L. M., Macias-Ramirez, A., Rios, P., Manjon-Cabeza, M. E. (2022) Deep sea starfishes (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Aviles Canyon System (Bay of Biscay), including two new records. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 277, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2022.107993" type="journal article" year="2022">
Garcia-Guillen
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FACBFD9EFAC44466" box="[1323,1374,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2022: 4
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483AFFE5FF77FDF2FD4C450D" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F6254483AFFE5FF77FDF2FE8A44D8" blockId="3.[151,272,632,658]" box="[151,272,632,658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="2E57D538483AFFE5FF77FDF2FE8A44D8" bold="true" box="[151,272,632,658]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483AFFE5FF77FDF2FE8A44D8" bold="true" box="[151,272,632,658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Papulae present, 1 to 5. Abactinal spinelets variably granuliform to clavate in shape. Abactinal and lateral surfaces covered with small crossed pedicellariae. Actinal spines spines, 1 or 2 per plate, those spines adjacent to furrow enlarged, thickened and weakly spatulate. Furrow spines, two per plate, thickened, elongate. Modified from characters summarized in
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.
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<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FDCDFD2C442B" blockId="5.[151,694,583,645]" box="[151,694,583,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<heading id="2E57D538483CFFE3FF77FDCDFD2C442B" bold="true" box="[151,694,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FF77FDCDFD2C442B" ID-CoL="5D88D" authority="(Wyville Thompson 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Wyville Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[151,694,583,610]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fulgens">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FDCDFD2C442B" bold="true" box="[151,694,583,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FDCDFEF44428" bold="true" box="[151,366,583,610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster fulgens</emphasis>
(Wyville Thompson 1873)
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483CFFE3FF77FDE1FCA6448D" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" type="description">
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FDE1FEDC44CF" blockId="5.[151,694,583,645]" box="[151,326,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483CFFE3FF77FDE1FEDC44CF" box="[151,326,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Zoroaster fulgens (Zoroasteridae) Feeding Observations. A. Gulf of Mexico. B. Puerto Rico, 2018 m. C. Key West Scarp, 1154 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">FIGURE 2AC</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FD3AFCA6448D" blockId="5.[151,828,687,712]" box="[151,828,687,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FF77FD3AFEF7448D" author="Thomson, C. W." box="[151,365,687,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" refId="ref22528" refString="Thomson, C. W. (1873) The Depth of the Sea. An Account of the General Results of the Dredging Cruises of the H. M. S. S. ' Porcupine' and ' Lightning' During the Summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, Under the Scientific Direction of Dr. Carpenter, F. R. S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F. R. S. and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F. R. S. Macmillan and Co., London, 527 pp., pls. I - VIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19314" type="book" year="1873">Thomson, 1873: 153</bibRefCitation>
; For complete synonymy see
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FD7AFD3AFCA2448D" author="Mah, C. L." box="[666,824,687,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="177 - 210" refId="ref20725" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): Evolutionary Events in Deep-Sea Asteroidea displaying Paleozoic Features. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 177 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00291. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah 2007: 196</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FD7FFE8A4545" blockId="5.[151,272,757,783]" box="[151,272,757,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<heading id="2E57D538483CFFE3FF77FD7FFE8A4545" bold="true" box="[151,272,757,783]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FD7FFE8A4545" bold="true" box="[151,272,757,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
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Body strongly stellate (
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/r&gt;15.0). Disc small, arms elongate, tapering in some. Abactinal and marginal plates lobate, carinal plates overlapping adradial plates. Single marginal plate series, overlapping adradials. Prominent, sharp spines variably present on carinal and marginal plates. Marginals with a single spine and small ensacculate spinelets. Adambulacral plates alternatively with distinct adradial extensions (also described as “carinate”), furrow spines two, long and slender each bearing pedicellariae, many small straight pedicellariae or a large subambulacral spine. Subambulacral spines three. Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FD66FC78FC014246" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[646,923,1010,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" refId="ref18516" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483CFFE3FF77FBD7FAA1414A" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FBD7FE84423D" blockId="5.[151,286,1117,1143]" box="[151,286,1117,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<heading id="2E57D538483CFFE3FF77FBD7FE84423D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1117,1143]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FBD7FE84423D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1117,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FB2CFDDB433E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1190,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
The numerous species synonymies summarized in
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FD08FB2CFCEB428A" author="Mah, C. L." box="[744,881,1190,1216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="177 - 210" refId="ref20725" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): Evolutionary Events in Deep-Sea Asteroidea displaying Paleozoic Features. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 177 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00291. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah (2007)</bibRefCitation>
is indicative of a wide range of morphological variation among populations of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FDEAFB41FDED42AE" authorityName="Wyville Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[522,631,1227,1252]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FDEAFB41FDED42AE" box="[522,631,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster</emphasis>
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throughout the Atlantic. These have been argued as a single species,
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FF77FB65FDBD4342" authority="(Downey, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Downey" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[151,551,1262,1288]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fulgens">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FB65FEFA4342" box="[151,352,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster fulgens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FE92FB64FD844342" author="Downey, M. E." box="[370,542,1262,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref18926" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey, 1973</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, three distinct morphotypes have been observed and subsequently supported by molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FE16FA98FD4D4366" author="Howell, K. L. &amp; Rogers, A. D. &amp; Tyler, P. A. &amp; Billett, D. S. M." box="[502,727,1298,1324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="977 - 984" refId="ref20017" refString="Howell, K. L., Rogers, A. D., Tyler, P. A. &amp; Billett, D. S. M. (2004) Reproductive isolation among morphotypes of the Atlantic sea star species Zoroaster fulgens (Asteroidea: Echinodermata). Marine Biology, 144, 977 - 984. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 003 - 1248 - 8" type="journal article" year="2004">
Howell
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FDB5FA99FD084366" box="[597,658,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
) suggesting greater diversity than is reflected by “
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FACFFA99FF6A431A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FACFFA99FF76431A" baseAuthorityName="Downey" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fulgens">Zoroaster fulgens</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
” The numerous Atlantic species synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FCD6FABCFC73431A" author="Downey, M. E." box="[822,1001,1334,1360]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref18926" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
should be re-visited, testing different regional and bathymetric populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FA4CFE144395" blockId="5.[151,398,1477,1504]" box="[151,398,1477,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<heading id="2E57D538483CFFE3FF77FA4CFE144395" bold="true" box="[151,398,1477,1504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FA4CFE144395" bold="true" box="[151,398,1477,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FA4CFF7143AA" bold="true" box="[151,235,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">In Situ</emphasis>
Observation
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77F984FB184096" blockId="5.[151,1437,1550,1792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483CFFE3FF77F984FEB04062" box="[151,298,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1472,1496]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Zoroaster fulgens (Zoroasteridae) Feeding Observations. A. Gulf of Mexico. B. Puerto Rico, 2018 m. C. Key West Scarp, 1154 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Figure 2AC</figureCitation>
shows
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FE9DF985FDD84062" baseAuthorityName="Downey" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[381,578,1550,1576]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fulgens">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FE9DF985FDD84062" box="[381,578,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster fulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
buried within the subsurface sediments partially buried in different localities (e.g. Benfield &amp; Kupchick 2020).
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FDC0F9B8FD3C4006" author="Mah, C. L." box="[544,678,1586,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="177 - 210" refId="ref20725" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): Evolutionary Events in Deep-Sea Asteroidea displaying Paleozoic Features. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 177 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00291. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah (2007)</bibRefCitation>
reported several Atlantic zoroasterids with small mollusks present in the oral region and that this area also demonstrated a high abundance of straight pedicellariae, especially on oral spines. These observations are consistent with prior reports of
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FC8FF9F1FBAD40DE" baseAuthorityName="Downey" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[879,1079,1658,1684]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fulgens">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FC8FF9F1FBAD40DE" box="[879,1079,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster fulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an infaunal predator and/or perhaps a detritivore (
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FE69F914FDA740F2" author="Gale, K. S. P. &amp; Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Mercier, A." box="[393,573,1694,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref19535" refString="Gale, K. S. P., Hamel, J. - F. &amp; Mercier, A. (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 80, 25 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2013.05.016" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gale
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FE25F915FE6640F2" box="[453,508,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), digging into the sediment and utilizing spines and pedicellariae on its actinal surface, especially around the mouth to facilitate predation of gastropods and/or bivalves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF27F96CFAA1414A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1550,1792]" box="[199,1339,1766,1792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
Carinal and marginal spines oriented in upward directions (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483CFFE3FCBFF96CFC46414A" box="[863,988,1766,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Figs 1AC</figureCitation>
) suggests a defensive function.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77F8DBFEB34121" bold="true" box="[151,297,1873,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77F819FF2E41BC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1939,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
North Atlantic (off Massachusetts), Faroe Channel, Rockall Trough (north-east Atlantic), to
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, Gulf of Mexico, and
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483CFFE3FECAF83DFE17419B" box="[298,397,1975,2001]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Surinam</collectingCountry>
. South Atlantic to Shag Rocks,
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483CFFE3FD0DF83DFC15419B" box="[749,911,1975,2001]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
Sea, to Indian Ocean (
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483CFFE3FB6CF83DFA85419B" box="[1164,1311,1975,2001]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">South Africa</collectingCountry>
)
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.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46483FFFE0FF78FA4AFC384392" bold="true" box="[152,930,1471,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">
FIGURE 2.
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46483FFFE0FEC0FA4AFE43439D" bold="true" box="[288,473,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">Zoroaster fulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483FFFE0FE07FA4AFD184392" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[487,642,1472,1496]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="467" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Zoroasteridae</taxonomicName>
) Feeding Observations. A.
</emphasis>
Gulf of Mexico.
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483FFFE0FBB4FA4AFBF14392" bold="true" box="[1108,1131,1472,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">B.</emphasis>
Puerto Rico, 2018 m.
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483FFFE0FAB3FA4AFAF14392" bold="true" box="[1363,1387,1472,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">C.</emphasis>
Key West Scarp, 1154 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="47D4BE46483FFFE0FF77F9C4FEEB4022" bold="true" box="[151,369,1614,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">Images Observed</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483FFFE0FF77F91DFD2C40FB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1686,1892]" box="[151,694,1686,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">
<collectingCountry id="0DB722C4483FFFE0FF77F91DFE8540FA" box="[151,287,1686,1713]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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,
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<paragraph id="751F6254483FFFE0FF77F955FCFB40B3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1686,1892]" box="[151,865,1758,1785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">
Key West Scarp, North Atlantic
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,
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<paragraph id="751F6254483FFFE0FF77F8ACFE58412E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1686,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">
Northern Gulf of
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(BOEM study 2020-022),
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<geoCoordinate id="10940493483FFFE0FCBBF8ACFC27410B" box="[859,957,1830,1857]" degrees="90.05" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="467" precision="555" value="-90.05">90.05 W</geoCoordinate>
<quantity id="B258CFB1483FFFE0FC27F8ACFB84410B" box="[967,1054,1830,1857]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.099" pageId="6" pageNumber="467" unit="m" value="2099.0">2099 m</quantity>
,
<date id="011E4494483FFFE0FBCDF8ACFB5C410B" box="[1069,1222,1830,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="467" value="2015-12-22">22 Dec 2015</date>
. (from Benfield &amp; Kupchick 2020) (
<figureCitation id="ED9B7ED1483FFFE0FEBCF8C0FE2F412E" box="[348,437,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@2.[191,1396,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neomorphaster margaritaceus (Stichasteridae) A. Southeast of the Azores, North Atlantic, 2098 m. B. Retriever Seamount, North Atlantic, feeding posture. C. USNM E18509, Bahamas, 614m showing papular pores. D. Oral plate showing pedicellariae. E. Gut contents showing foraminifera tests." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10910700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10910700/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="467">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
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<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77F961FDAB414E" blockId="4.[151,561,1770,1797]" box="[151,561,1770,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<heading id="2E57D538483DFFE2FF77F961FDAB414E" bold="true" box="[151,561,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483DFFE2FF77F961FDAB414E" ID-CoL="7Q6ZF" authority="Wyville Thomson 1873" authorityName="Wyville Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,561,1770,1797]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FF77F961FDAB414E" bold="true" box="[151,561,1770,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FF77F961FE96414F" bold="true" box="[151,268,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Zoroaster</emphasis>
Wyville
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483DFFE2FE9AF961FDAB414E" author="Thomson, C. W." box="[378,561,1770,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" refId="ref22528" refString="Thomson, C. W. (1873) The Depth of the Sea. An Account of the General Results of the Dredging Cruises of the H. M. S. S. ' Porcupine' and ' Lightning' During the Summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, Under the Scientific Direction of Dr. Carpenter, F. R. S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F. R. S. and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F. R. S. Macmillan and Co., London, 527 pp., pls. I - VIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19314" type="book" year="1873">Thomson 1873</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483DFFE2FF77F8A5FD40410D" box="[151,730,1839,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77F8A5FD40410D" blockId="4.[151,730,1839,1864]" box="[151,730,1839,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483DFFE2FF77F8A5FEFC410D" author="Thomson, C. W." box="[151,358,1839,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" refId="ref22528" refString="Thomson, C. W. (1873) The Depth of the Sea. An Account of the General Results of the Dredging Cruises of the H. M. S. S. ' Porcupine' and ' Lightning' During the Summers of 1868, 1869, and 1870, Under the Scientific Direction of Dr. Carpenter, F. R. S., J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F. R. S. and Dr. Wyville Thomson, F. R. S. Macmillan and Co., London, 527 pp., pls. I - VIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19314" type="book" year="1873">Thomson 1873: 154</bibRefCitation>
; For full synonymy see
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483DFFE2FDBAF8A5FD4F410D" author="Mah, C. L." box="[602,725,1839,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" pagination="177 - 210" refId="ref20725" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): Evolutionary Events in Deep-Sea Asteroidea displaying Paleozoic Features. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 177 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00291. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483DFFE2FF77F8FFFAAE41BF" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77F8FFFE8A41C5" blockId="4.[151,272,1909,1935]" box="[151,272,1909,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
<heading id="2E57D538483DFFE2FF77F8FFFE8A41C5" bold="true" box="[151,272,1909,1935]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483DFFE2FF77F8FFFE8A41C5" bold="true" box="[151,272,1909,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483DFFE2FF77F83DFAAE41BF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1975,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465">
Disc small. Disc and arms with imbricate skeleton. Carinal plates ridge-like. Primary spines present or absent on carinals, marginal plate series. Superambulacrals reduced. Internal buttress absent. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483DFFE2FB48F851FAAA41BF" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1192,1328,2011,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="465" pagination="177 - 210" refId="ref20725" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): Evolutionary Events in Deep-Sea Asteroidea displaying Paleozoic Features. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 177 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00291. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DBA31DF483CFFE3FF77FF1DFB4947BF" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FF1DFE8446FB" blockId="5.[151,286,151,177]" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<heading id="2E57D538483CFFE3FF77FF1DFE8446FB" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FF1DFE8446FB" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751F6254483CFFE3FF77FF6AFB4947BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,223,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FF77FF6AFE9E46B3" authorityName="Wyville Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,260,224,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FF6AFE9E46B3" box="[151,260,224,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes 20 living, and 2 fossil species. Living species are present in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, between
<quantity id="B258CFB1483CFFE3FEBBFE89FE7D4754" box="[347,487,259,286]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="100.0">1005000 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FE15FE89FDF74757" author="Mah, C. L." box="[501,621,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="177 - 210" refId="ref20725" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): Evolutionary Events in Deep-Sea Asteroidea displaying Paleozoic Features. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 177 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00291. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Relatively few characters distinguish between known
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FB38FE8EFA064757" box="[1240,1436,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FB38FE8EFADF4757" box="[1240,1349,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. H.L. Clark, 1920) and character variation is poorly understood for most species.
<bibRefCitation id="11311FA5483CFFE3FBB1FEA2FA9A470B" author="Downey, M. E." box="[1105,1280,295,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref18926" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized five Atlantic species with
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FE27FEC6FD0A472F" baseAuthorityName="Wyville Thompson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[455,656,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fulgens">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FE27FEC6FD0A472F" box="[455,656,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster fulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but commented that doing so created complications resulting from collapsed character distinctions within H.L. Clarks (1920) identification key. Existing diagnoses for the Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FF77FE1EFECF47E7" authorityName="Wyville Thomson" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,341,403,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fulgen">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FF77FE1EFECF47E7" box="[151,341,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster fulgen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s do not clearly distinguish from Indian and Pacific species. Additional specimens have added to our understanding of character variation between and among species, but further revision, most likely with molecular data will be needed to fully clarify taxonomic boundaries for living
<taxonomicName id="B2A019D7483CFFE3FBE6FE56FB4947BF" box="[1030,1235,475,501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="466" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="47D4BE46483CFFE3FBE6FE56FBE947BF" box="[1030,1139,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="466">Zoroaster</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
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<mods:title id="04112A26C9CA258ACA8747541CC29D3D">Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="538147BA1BDE388079904624387227D7">Linnaeus, Carolus</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="5141A7B8D4FF39074A53F6C86132C33C" ID-CoL="3CQZM" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tirucalli" status="spec. nov.">Euphorbia tirucalli</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C98A5B7039F35FD3A6A229251E30A583" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="B4413C421B800F86CECCC6228DC9C3F6" type="description">
<paragraph id="FE05341CDFD2007D69B410803BD0C3F7" pageNumber="452">
11. Euphorbia inermis subnuda fruticosa filiformis erecta, ramis patulis determinate confertis.
<emphasis id="DB80CDB485879EAF99ACE5AB3CA02D11" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 197.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E5BBD3D2252C9CD7D199BB0F72972A90" italics="true">Hort. ups. 139.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4BD42544566DE7D5B9EF2BA12CE968C7" italics="true">Fl. zeyl. 197.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9D7D87DA7D3A7D321F08EB93D72495B1" italics="true">Roy. lugdb. 195.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E01276047B825AE6B4D7FD762D2CB3A5" italics="true">Diss. euph. 11.</emphasis>
*
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<paragraph id="5645FBEC844B99D95603712F6B99BC2A" pageNumber="452">
Tithymalus indicus frutescens.
<emphasis id="A0A7BA23D53CC7BF46D2CA9540A50832" italics="true">Comm. hort. 1. p. 27. t. 14.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A37F0D42EBF0C03EEE916A97D6259253" pageNumber="452">
Tithymalus arborescens, caule aphyllo.
<emphasis id="ECD12B0C64A298816C45FB3829346EB7" italics="true">Pluk. phyt. 319. f.9.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B70BEFC0FF4ABA965DEEBCF088EC3D7" pageNumber="452">
TiruCalli.
<emphasis id="A67F314DF60679CA733C804E7EC5264D" italics="true">Rheed. mal. 2. p. 85 t. 44.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8ACA4CD4ED09D64C90B6D37F21C17938" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="51CE695921FBD5F116FB717EBD465C15" pageNumber="452">
<emphasis id="7C5E992A724D07D7D071DCDB1266BDFD" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
India
<emphasis id="59369A20BD92C82BE6796633F21B65A6" italics="true">. ♄</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D8DCEBB5-6DE2-4C79-8E16-C465282BBC99" class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta emeraldae" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeraldae">Tayshaneta emeraldae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF39AF">A-F39A-F</normalizedToken>
53B60
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="type data">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Male holotype and female from Emerald Sink, Val Verde County, Texas, 3-November-1984, J. Reddell, M. Reyes,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="29.84">29.84N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-101.55">101.55W</geoCoordinate>
, (AMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">The species name is taken in apposition to the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta emeraldae" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeraldae">Tayshaneta emeraldae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. can be separated from all
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
species, except
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta fawcetti" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fawcetti">Tayshaneta fawcetti</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta grubbsi" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grubbsi">Tayshaneta grubbsi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta valverdae" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valverdae">Tayshaneta valverdae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta vidrio" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidrio">Tayshaneta vidrio</taxonomicName>
, by having the following
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">combination</pageBreakToken>
of characters: male palpal tarsus divided apically; ventral sclerite short, mesoapically positioned (VS, Fig. 39E); retrolateral sclerite present, pocket-like (RS, Fig. 39D). Separated from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta fawcetti" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fawcetti">Tayshaneta fawcetti</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta grubbsi" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grubbsi">Tayshaneta grubbsi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta valverdae" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valverdae">Tayshaneta valverdae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta vidrio" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidrio">Tayshaneta vidrio</taxonomicName>
by having a distally tapering subquadrate embolus (E, Fig. 39D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Male (holotype). Body length 1.45, carapace 0.63 long, 0.52 wide, length 1.20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width. Carapace orange-brown, sparsely setose; eyes large, ocular area enclosed in a dark pattern (Figs 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Legs elongate and thin, femur I 1.63
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
carapace length, covered in fine setae and with few scattered spines.Palpal tarsus divided apically; retrolateral tibial spine smooth at its base, length 0.51
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
tarsus width. Bulb suboval, length 1.66
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width; embolus subquadrate, with weak basal swelling (E, Fig. 39D), length 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width. Ventral sclerite stout, situated mesoapically (VS, Fig. 39E); retrolateral sclerite pocket-like, weakly invaginated (RS, Fig. 39D). Abdomen pale yellow, without pattern, 0.81 long, 0.61 wide, covered in fine setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Female (Emerald Sink).Body length 1.60, carapace 0.63 long, 0.50 wide, length 1.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width. Pigmentation and setation same as for male (Figs 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="DF">D-F</normalizedToken>
). Legs elongate and thin, femur I 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
carapace length, covered in fine setae and with few scattered spines.Atrium trapezoidal, length 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, spermathecae with twisted stalks and large, circular heads (Fig. 53B). Abdomen pale yellow, without pattern, 0.96 long, 0.65 wide, covered in fine setae.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Figure 18.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta emeraldae" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeraldae">Tayshaneta emeraldae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Emerald Sink, Val Verde County, Texas (AMNH), habitus. A male, dorsal B male, ventral C male, lateral D female, dorsal E female, ventral F female, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Known only from Emerald Sink, Val Verde County, Texas (Fig. 60).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.652.12035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0c02a295-fea0-47df-a950-11e944b2b615" ID-PMC="PMC5345340" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-652-1" ID-PubMed="28331389" ID-ZBK="0471F063053D424FBD82459A234865AB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-652-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 652" ModsDocTitle="Iulomorphid millipedes (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Iulomorphidae) of Tasmania, Australia" checkinTime="1486523750320" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mesibov, Robert" docDate="2017" docId="FD0A76D1C223E554498C39F0734B3D50" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 652: 1-36" docOrigin="ZooKeys 652" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.652.12035" docTitle="Amastigogonus danpicola Mesibov, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A2FB1293-9FCD-4F34-B8E3-DA5F9160C4EF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF83FF92FFDCFFFDFFFC7F1EFFE8FFFF" masterDocTitle="Iulomorphid millipedes (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Iulomorphidae) of Tasmania, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668164032262" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Iulomorphid millipedes (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Iulomorphidae) of Tasmania, Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mesibov, Robert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>652</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.652.12035</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.652.12035</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-652-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0471F063053D424FBD82459A234865AB</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127869794" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2FB1293-9FCD-4F34-B8E3-DA5F9160C4EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD0A76D1C223E554498C39F0734B3D50" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A2FB1293-9FCD-4F34-B8E3-DA5F9160C4EF" class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus danpicola" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danpicola">Amastigogonus danpicola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 2C, 4A, 4C, 6A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Male, Apsley River, Tas, -41.7992 148.1508
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
250 m [label &quot;EP 955 717&quot; (= 55G 595500 5371700, AGD66)], 300 m a.s.l., 5 July 1988, R. Mesibov, QVM 23:54377 (specimen in 3 pieces).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
1 male, locality and collector as for holotype but -41.7972 148.1544
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
250 m [label &quot;EP 958 719&quot; (= 55G 595800 5371900, AGD66)], 320 m a.s.l., 6 July 1988, R. Mesibov, QVM 23:54371; 1 male, same locality and collector but -41.7964 48.1592
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
250 m [label &quot;EP 962 720&quot; (= 55G 596200 5372000, AGD66)], 350 m a.s.l., 18 July 1988, R. Mesibov, QVM 23:54373.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22 males, 4 probable females from 16 unique localities; details in Suppl. material 1.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coxite process of the anterior gonopod divided by narrow fossae apically and anterobasally; legs 6, 7, 10 and 11 with elongated coxae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mature males observed with (48+4) rings, 2.6 mm midbody diameter to (71+1) rings, 3.2 mm. Cardo deeper posteriorly than anteriorly (Fig. 4A; ce). Legs 6, 7, 10 and 11 with elongated coxae, swollen distomedially (Fig. 2C); leg 7 coxa longest and most swollen. Prefemoral pad ca 3/4 femur length. Striae on posterior metazonites reaching ca 1/2 ozopore height.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coxite process on anterior gonopod (Fig. 6A; cxp) with basal portion divided anteriorly by fossa (Fig. 6A; fo) into lateral and medial longitudinal flanges, the medial flange with deep, V-shaped notch at ca 1/2 coxite height on anterior margin; process divided apically by shallow fossa (Fig. 6A; fo) separating distolateral and distomedial margins; process not reaching level of telopodite apex. Telopodite (Fig. 6A; te) with row of minute setae on posterior side of medial thickening, behind pseudoflagellum (Fig. 6A; ps). Pseudoflagellum ca 1/2 telopodite width at base, truncate at ca 1/2 pseudoflagellum height, extending anterodistally from anterior corner of truncate basal portion as thin, flexible ribbon, the latter usually curving laterally over telopodite apex in preserved specimens.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 6. Right anterior gonopod, medial view of distal portion of telopodite (left) and lateral view of distal portion of coxite process (right); fo = fossa, cxp = coxite process, fl = posterobasal flange on telopodite, pg = prostatic groove, ps = pseudoflagellum, t = folded-over tab on coxite process, te = telopodite. Scale bars = 1 mm; dotted line indicates course of prostatic groove. A
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus danpicola" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danpicola">Amastigogonus danpicola</taxonomicName>
sp. n., ex QVM 23:54378 B
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus elephas" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">Amastigogonus elephas</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, QVM 23:54369 C
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus fossuliger" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossuliger">Amastigogonus fossuliger</taxonomicName>
Verhoeff, 1944, QVM 23:54406 D
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus hardyi" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">Amastigogonus hardyi</taxonomicName>
(Chamberlin, 1920), TMAG J5987 E
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus hellyeri" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hellyeri">Amastigogonus hellyeri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype ex QVM 23:54515 F
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus michaelsae" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaelsae">Amastigogonus michaelsae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., QVM 23:54387.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Eucalypt forest over ca 1000 km2 on the East Coast of Tasmania, mainly in the Apsley, Douglas, St Pauls and Swan River catchments (Fig. 7C), from near sea level to at least 600 m. Possibly parapatric with
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus elephas" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">Amastigogonus elephas</taxonomicName>
sp. n. in the upper St Pauls River catchment and with
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus michaelsae" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaelsae">Amastigogonus michaelsae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. near Swansea. Sympatric with
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus fossuliger" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossuliger">Amastigogonus fossuliger</taxonomicName>
and with
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus orientalis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Amastigogonus orientalis</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 7. Known localities as of 14 July 2016 for Tasmanian
<taxonomicName family="Iulomorphidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Iulomorphidae</taxonomicName>
; Mercator projections with approximate distance scale. A
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus orientalis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Amastigogonus orientalis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (open circles),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus peninsulensis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsulensis">Amastigogonus peninsulensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (stars),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus tasmanianus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmanianus">Amastigogonus tasmanianus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brölemann">Broelemann</normalizedToken>
, 1913 (triangles),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus verreauxii" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verreauxii">Amastigogonus verreauxii</taxonomicName>
(Gervais, 1847) (squares) B
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus fossuliger" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossuliger">Amastigogonus fossuliger</taxonomicName>
Verhoeff, 1944 (squares),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus hardyi" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">Amastigogonus hardyi</taxonomicName>
(Chamberlin, 1920) (triangles),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus hellyeri" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hellyeri">Amastigogonus hellyeri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (stars) C
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus danpicola" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danpicola">Amastigogonus danpicola</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (squares),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus elephas" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">Amastigogonus elephas</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (stars),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus michaelsae" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaelsae">Amastigogonus michaelsae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (triangles) D
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Atelomastix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atelomastix bonhami" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonhami">Atelomastix bonhami</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (triangles),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Atelomastix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Atelomastix smithi" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">Atelomastix smithi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (stars),
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Equestrigonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Equestrigonus tasmaniensis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">Equestrigonus tasmaniensis</taxonomicName>
gen. n., sp. n. (squares).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="name">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Abbreviation in lower case
<normalizedToken originalValue="“danp”">&quot;danp&quot;</normalizedToken>
for Douglas-Apsley National Park plus Latin cola, inhabitant; noun in apposition. This species is abundant in the Park, which also contains the type locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus danpicola" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danpicola">Amastigogonus danpicola</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is the most apomorphic species within the group included here in
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastigogonus</taxonomicName>
. I place it in this genus because the structure and position of the pseudoflagellum and its supporting setae conform to the general pattern seen in the other
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Iulomorphidae" genus="Amastigogonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastigogonus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastigogonus</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="EBA9EB70365ED37D5EA72F809D55CAEF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208398" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60d1c7ba-84bc-4103-b35f-1d1f89661d2f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208398" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460471137910" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gill, Anthony C. &amp; Mooi, Randall D." docDate="2012" docId="FD0A87D9FFEBFFE2FF34AB985FCBFBB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03266p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3266" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thalasseleotrididae" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="0133FFA1FFEEFFE4FFA3AE465B55FF82" masterDocTitle="Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698305764922" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="143C58CD921A10C7D4FAB400E830FFCA">Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C490E5CEBF158891B9EFBCE728B73D52">Gill, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57516FF333579D0F02AE5EA0837D9214">Mooi, Randall D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D5FB97CA896807B4B873CA00DE247F11">2012</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="3DB96544FFEBFFE1FF34AB98595FFA75" box="[151,522,1502,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751C36CFFFEBFFE1FF34AB98595FFA75" blockId="5.[151,522,1502,1527]" box="[151,522,1502,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="2E5481A3FFEBFFE1FF34AB98595FFA75" bold="true" box="[151,522,1502,1527]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" reason="2">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FF34AB98595FFA75" bold="true" box="[151,522,1502,1527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFEBFFE1FF34AB985AD5FA75" ID-CoL="H4T" ID-ENA="1489881" box="[151,384,1502,1527]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thalasseleotrididae</taxonomicName>
new family
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB96544FFEBFFE1FF34A86159B3F9E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751C36CFFFEBFFE1FF34A86159B3F9E1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1575,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FF34A8615A72F9BD" bold="true" box="[151,295,1575,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="AA18886DFFEBFFE1FF34A8615B87F9BD" box="[151,210,1575,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
genus.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFEBFFE1FE92A861584EF9BD" authority="Hoese &amp; Larson, 1987: 44" authorityName="Hoese &amp; Larson" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1987" box="[305,795,1575,1599]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FE92A8615A89F9BD" box="[305,476,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Thalasseleotris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFEBFFE1FE45A86E59A4F9BD" author="Hoese" box="[486,753,1575,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Hoese, D. F. &amp; Larson, H. K. (1987) New Australian fishes. Part 11. A new genus and species of eleotridid (Gobioidei) from southern Australia with a discussion of relationships. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 48, 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1987">Hoese &amp; Larson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</taxonomicName>
(feminine;
<typeStatus id="AA18886DFFEBFFE1FC07A86E5881F9C2" box="[932,980,1576,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFEBFFE1FB9AA8615A76F9E1" authority="Hoese &amp; Larson 1987" authorityName="Hoese &amp; Larson" authorityYear="1987" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adela">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FB9AA8615E79F9BD" box="[1081,1324,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Thalasseleotris adela</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFEBFFE1FA95A86E5A76F9E1" author="Hoese" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Hoese, D. F. &amp; Larson, H. K. (1987) New Australian fishes. Part 11. A new genus and species of eleotridid (Gobioidei) from southern Australia with a discussion of relationships. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 48, 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1987">Hoese &amp; Larson 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by original designation and monotypy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB96544FFEBFFE2FF6AA8285FC9FE2E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751C36CFFFEBFFE2FF6AA8285932FEBD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1575,2032]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,1077]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FF6AA8285A16F905" bold="true" box="[201,323,1646,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Monophyly of the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFEBFFE1FDB9A82959A1F905" box="[538,756,1647,1671]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thalasseleotrididae</taxonomicName>
is supported by a single synapomorphy: membrane connecting the hyoid arch to ceratobranchial 1 broad, extending most of the length of ceratobranchial 1 (= first gill slit restricted or closed) (
<figureCitation id="ED982A4AFFEBFFE1FE2FA8F15A84F94D" box="[396,465,1719,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1277,1300]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1256]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lower part of left side first branchial arch and hyoid arch in dorsal view showing degree of development of gill membrane (white) in: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis, same specimen as in Fig. 1; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, same specimen as in Fig. 1. Abbreviations: ACH, anterior ceratohyal; CB 1, ceratobranchial 1; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; GM, gill membrane; HB 1, hypobranchial 1; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Gill rakers not illustrated. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208400/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). Among basal gobioids, only certain
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFEBFFE1FC03A8F15F8BF94D" authority="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" box="[928,1246,1719,1743]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Eleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FC03A8F158ACF94D" box="[928,1017,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Eleotris</emphasis>
Bloch &amp; Schneider
</taxonomicName>
species (but not others) are known to have expansion of this membrane with some closure of the first gill slit, although not approaching the extent found in thalasseleotridids (Akihito 1967: figs 1821). The membrane is, however, similarly developed in members of the gobiid genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFEBFFE1FD1AA9655F95F8B9" authority="Bleeker (Hoese &amp; Larson 2005)" authorityName="Bleeker (Hoese &amp; Larson" authorityYear="2005" box="[697,1216,1827,1851]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" genus="Hetereleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FD1AA9655819F8B9" box="[697,844,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Hetereleotris</emphasis>
Bleeker (
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFEBFFE1FC19A9655FEDF8B9" author="Hoese" box="[954,1208,1827,1851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Hoese, D. F. &amp; Larson, H. K. (2005) Description of two new species of Hetereleotris (Gobiidae) from the south Pacific, with a revised key to species and synonymization of the genus Pascua with Hetereleotris. Zootaxa, 1096, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">Hoese &amp; Larson 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and in certain
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFEBFFE1FACEA9625A42F8DD" authority="Jenkins" authorityName="Jenkins" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" genus="Eviota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFEBFFE1FACEA9625BEEF8DD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Eviota</emphasis>
Jenkins
</taxonomicName>
species. Because none of these taxa is closely related to thalasseleotridids, we treat the occurrence of restricted or closed gill slits as homoplastic. Other gobioids either have the membrane confined to the extreme base of the first arch (near hypobranchial 1), or only extending to about one third of the length of certatobranchial 1 (
<figureCitation id="ED982A4AFFEBFFE1FACCA9C95BF0F849" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1277,1300]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1256]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lower part of left side first branchial arch and hyoid arch in dorsal view showing degree of development of gill membrane (white) in: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis, same specimen as in Fig. 1; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, same specimen as in Fig. 1. Abbreviations: ACH, anterior ceratohyal; CB 1, ceratobranchial 1; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; GM, gill membrane; HB 1, hypobranchial 1; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Gill rakers not illustrated. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208400/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). In addition to this synapomorphy, the two included genera share a range of derived characters that are more broadly distributed among gobioid fishes, including: single epural; no mesopterygoid (= endopterygoid); vertebrae 10 + 1517 (usually 10 + 1617; note that McDowalls 1965 counts for
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FC1EAEDE5F3FFF32" box="[957,1130,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Grahamichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FC1EAEDE5F3FFF32" box="[957,1130,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Grahamichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exclude the urostylar complex, and thus are one fewer than reported here); first dorsal pterygiophore pattern 3-22110 or 3-22101 (formula follows
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFE8FFE2FF51AE995A89FF75" author="Birdsong" box="[242,476,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Birdsong, R. S., Murdy, E. O. &amp; Pezold, F. L. (1988) A study of the vertebral column and median fin osteology in gobioid fishes with comments on gobioid relationships. Bulletin of Marine Science, 42, 174 - 214." type="journal article" year="1988">
Birdsong
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FEC2AEA75AC4FF7A" box="[353,401,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
. 1988
</bibRefCitation>
); anterior four middle + proximal pterygiophores of first dorsal fin closely applied to each other and tipped distally with cartilage; no bony trough in preopercle for support of laterosensory canal; head and anterior body naked (without scales).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751C36CFFFE8FFE2FF6AAF0D5FC9FE2E" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FF6AAF0D5A3DFEE6" bold="true" box="[201,360,331,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Composition.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FED2AF0A5875FEE6" authority="Hoese &amp; Larson 1987" authorityName="Hoese &amp; Larson" authorityYear="1987" box="[369,800,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FED2AF0A5949FEE6" box="[369,540,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Thalasseleotris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFE8FFE2FD87AF0B5875FEE6" author="Hoese" box="[548,800,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Hoese, D. F. &amp; Larson, H. K. (1987) New Australian fishes. Part 11. A new genus and species of eleotridid (Gobioidei) from southern Australia with a discussion of relationships. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 48, 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1987">Hoese &amp; Larson 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(with two species,
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FC5DAF0B5E08FEE6" authority="Hoese &amp; Larson 1987" authorityName="Hoese &amp; Larson" authorityYear="1987" box="[1022,1373,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adela">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FC5DAF0B5F0CFEE6" box="[1022,1113,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">T. adela</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFE8FFE2FBC1AF0B5E08FEE6" author="Hoese" box="[1122,1373,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Hoese, D. F. &amp; Larson, H. K. (1987) New Australian fishes. Part 11. A new genus and species of eleotridid (Gobioidei) from southern Australia with a discussion of relationships. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 48, 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1987">Hoese &amp; Larson 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from temperate
<collectingCountry id="0DB4765FFFE8FFE2FEADAF295A2DFE05" box="[270,376,367,391]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FE15AF375858FE05" authority="Hoese &amp; Roberts 2005" authorityName="Hoese &amp; Roberts" authorityYear="2005" box="[438,781,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iota">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FE15AF375AAAFE0A" box="[438,511,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">T. iota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFE8FFE2FDABAF365858FE05" author="Hoese" box="[520,781,367,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Hoese, D. F. &amp; Roberts, C. D. (2005) A new species of the eleotrid genus Thalasseleotris (Teleostei: Gobioidei) from New Zealand coastal waters. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 35, 417 - 431." type="journal article" year="2005">Hoese &amp; Roberts 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="0DB4765FFFE8FFE2FCF6AF3658A7FE05" box="[853,1010,367,391]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
);
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FBA4AF365E0DFE05" authority="Whitley 1956" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1956" box="[1031,1368,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Grahamichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FBA4AF365FE1FE0A" box="[1031,1204,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Grahamichthys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFE8FFE2FB1EAF295E0DFE05" author="Whitley" box="[1213,1368,367,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1956) New fishes from Australia and New Zealand. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1954 - 55, 34 - 38." type="proceedings paper" year="1956">Whitley 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(with one species,
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FE86AFD35AC3FE2E" box="[293,406,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Grahamichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FE86AFD35AC3FE2E" box="[293,406,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">G. radiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes in
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFE8FFE2FDFDAFD258F1FE2E" author="Cuvier" box="[606,932,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Cuvier, G. &amp; Valenciennes, M. A. (1837) Histoire de Naturelle Poissons, 12, i - xxiv + 1 - 507 + 1 p., pls. 344 - 368." type="book chapter" year="1837">Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes 1837</bibRefCitation>
), from
<collectingCountry id="0DB4765FFFE8FFE2FC56AFD35FC5FE2E" box="[1013,1168,404,428]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB96544FFE8FFE2FF6AAFFE5FCBFBB6" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="751C36CFFFE8FFE2FF6AAFFE58A7FD4E" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FF6AAFFE5A68FE52" bold="true" box="[201,317,440,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
A close relationship between
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FD2CAFFE5869FE52" box="[655,828,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Grahamichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FD2CAFFE5869FE52" box="[655,828,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Grahamichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FCD1AFFE5F48FE52" box="[882,1053,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FCD1AFFE5F48FE52" box="[882,1053,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Thalasseleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first noted by Hoese and Gill (1993), who suggested that the two genera form the sister group of the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FC7AAF9A5FD2FE76" box="[985,1159,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Microdesmidae</taxonomicName>
(at that time defined to include the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FEBBAFB95AEDFD95" box="[280,440,511,535]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptereleotrinae">Ptereleotrinae</taxonomicName>
; we include both taxa in the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FD56AFB95835FD95" box="[757,864,511,535]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiidae</taxonomicName>
), although they retained them within their Eleotridinae. Earlier, in describing
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FE66AC6258CEFDBE" authority="Hoese and Larson (1987)" authorityName="Hoese and Larson" authorityYear="1987" box="[453,923,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FE66AC625925FDBE" box="[453,624,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Thalasseleotris</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11324B3EFFE8FFE2FDDCAC6358CEFDBE" author="Hoese" box="[639,923,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refString="Hoese, D. F. &amp; Larson, H. K. (1987) New Australian fishes. Part 11. A new genus and species of eleotridid (Gobioidei) from southern Australia with a discussion of relationships. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 48, 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1987">Hoese and Larson (1987)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
noted similarity with the gobiid genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FAF0AC635BBEFDE2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" genus="Hetereleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FAF0AC635BBEFDE2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Hetereleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares 10 + 17 vertebrae and the first gill slit closed (see above). However, they recognized that it otherwise lacks gobiid specializations, and instead suggested a possible relationship with the Australian eleotridid genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FE92ACD6594AFD25" authority="Bleeker" authorityName="Bleeker" box="[305,543,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Philypnodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FE92ACD65A95FD2A" box="[305,448,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Philypnodon</emphasis>
Bleeker
</taxonomicName>
and the Australian-New Zealand genus
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FC47ACD65FACFD25" authority="Gill. Our" authorityName="Gill. Our" box="[996,1273,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Gobiomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FC47ACD65FD9FD2A" box="[996,1164,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Gobiomorphus</emphasis>
Gill. Our
</taxonomicName>
studies do not support a close relationship between these two genera and thalasseleotridids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751C36CFFFE8FFE2FF6AAC9E5FCBFBB6" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
We acknowledge that as an alternative to describing the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FCEAAC915F73FD6D" box="[841,1062,727,751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thalasseleotrididae</taxonomicName>
, we could have simply classified the two included genera in the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FDACACBA592CFC96" box="[527,633,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiidae</taxonomicName>
, which—given the sister relationship noted below—would have not affected the monophyletic status of the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FDFBAD5959EBFCB5" box="[600,702,799,823]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FD64AD67586CFCBA" box="[711,825,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">sensu lato</emphasis>
. We have three primary reasons for not choosing this option. Firstly, such action would leave the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FDDDAD0259B1FCDE" box="[638,740,836,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiidae</taxonomicName>
(an important taxon in various biological and ecological studies) undiagnosed by external characters; in contrast, under our chosen option specimens can be identified to that family on the basis of one readily observed external character (number of branchiostegal rays). Secondly, inclusion of
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FF17ADF65A0AFC4A" box="[180,351,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FF17ADF65A0AFC4A" box="[180,351,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Thalasseleotris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FE37ADF65914FC4A" box="[404,577,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Grahamichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47D7EADDFFE8FFE2FE37ADF65914FC4A" box="[404,577,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Grahamichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FD2FADE959A6FC45" box="[652,755,943,967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiidae</taxonomicName>
would have thrown the two genera into the morass that is the suprageneric classification of gobiids. This in turn would have ignored the sister-group relationship between the two genera and the
<taxonomicName id="B2A34D4CFFE8FFE2FED8ADB15AB0FB8D" box="[379,485,1015,1039]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiidae</taxonomicName>
. Thirdly, in order to reflect these relationships, it would ultimately be necessary to erect a family-group name for the two genera anyway (even if only at the subfamilial level).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.48650" ID-GBIF-Dataset="81713c0c-9aa1-4a4e-8c5e-ea568c065442" ID-PMC="PMC7044255" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-913-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2AC899BE84CE53E0B7461D63DA3F0A03" ID-PubMed="32132849" ID-ZooBank="575D3DC1CBF44E99816D0F68F931F927" ModsDocID="1313-2970-913-1" checkinTime="1582137866924" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chang, Wan-Jin &amp; Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2020" docId="FD0B3227F38156138FD824BABBC94764" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 913: 1-87" docOrigin="ZooKeys 913" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.913.48650" docTitle="Leclercera yamaensis Chang &amp; Li 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BDB65387-B1D6-4D78-A322-767846BF4E06" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="2AC899BE84CE53E0B7461D63DA3F0A03" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2AC899BE84CE53E0B7461D63DA3F0A03" masterDocTitle="Thirty-one new species of the spider genus Leclercera from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae)" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168492669" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Thirty-one new species of the spider genus Leclercera from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Chang, Wan-Jin</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162174126" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BDB65387-B1D6-4D78-A322-767846BF4E06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD0B3227F38156138FD824BABBC94764" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="FD0B3227-F381-5613-8FD8-24BABBC94764" authority="Chang &amp; Li, 2020" authorityName="Chang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Psilodercidae" genus="Leclercera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leclercera yamaensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaensis" status="sp. nov.">Leclercera yamaensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM = embolus, ID = indentation, RA = retrolateral apophysis, SN = spine, ST = strong setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380956" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Cheliceral retromargin, posterior view. A Leclercera dumuzhou sp. nov. B L. ekteenensis sp. nov. C L. thamkaewensis sp. nov. D L. yamaensis sp. nov. E L. thamsangensis sp. nov. F L. hponensis sp. nov. G L. lizi sp. nov. H L. mianqiu sp. nov. I L. selasihensis sp. nov. J L. yuanzhui sp. nov. K L. paiensis sp. nov. L L. zanggaensis sp. nov. Abbreviations: PT = promargin teeth, RT = retromargin teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380998" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 56D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Distribution of new Leclercera species in Southeast Asia. 1 L. selasihensis sp. nov. 2 L. mianqiu sp. nov. 3 L. thamsangensis sp. nov. 4 L. yandou sp. nov. 5 L. thamkaewensis sp. nov. 6 L. xiangbabang sp. nov. 7 L. jianzuiyu sp. nov. 8 L. yamaensis sp. nov. 9 L. banensis sp. nov. 10 L. dumuzhou sp. nov. 11 L. suwanensis sp. nov. 12 L. maochong sp. nov. 13 L. yuanzhui sp. nov. 14 L. shanzi sp. nov. 15 L. duandai sp. nov. 16 L. hponensis sp. nov. 17 L. lizi sp. nov. 18 L. xiaodai sp. nov. 19 L. paiensis sp. nov. 20 L. yanjing sp. nov. 21 L. ekteenensis sp. nov. 22 L. zanggaensis sp. nov. 23 L. zhamensis sp. nov. 24 L. sanjiao sp. nov. 25 L. aniensis sp. nov. 26 L. renqinensis sp. nov. 27 L. shergylaensis sp. nov. 28 L. pulongensis sp. nov. 29 L. tudao sp. nov. 30 L. duibaensis sp. nov. 31 L. jiazhongensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure58" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/381000" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 58</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: ♂ (IZCAS), Thailand, Tak Province, Umphang District, Umphang Subdistrict, Ya Mae Cave,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="02.3530" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.039217">16°02.3530'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="50.8120" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.84687">98°50.8120'E</geoCoordinate>
, elevation ca 454 m, 15.XI.2016, H. Zhao leg.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
: 1♀ (IZCAS), same data as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species name is an adjective referring to the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. yamaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yamaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. yamaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by an indentation on the anterior end of the palpal tibia formed by the presence of a retrolateral apophysis bearing a spine that is longer than the tegulum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM = embolus, ID = indentation, RA = retrolateral apophysis, SN = spine, ST = strong setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380956" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14D</figureCitation>
) (vs. the absence of such an indentation from a retrolateral apophysis in congeners), the presence of two strong setae on the retrolateral apophysis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM = embolus, ID = indentation, RA = retrolateral apophysis, SN = spine, ST = strong setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380956" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14D</figureCitation>
) (vs. the absence of setae on the retrolateral apophysis in congeners), the presence of a laminar apophysis adhering to the embolus (vs. absence of laminar apophysis, or if present, widely separated from the embolus in congeners); females can be differentiated from congeners by a pair of hook-like spermathecae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Psilodercidae" genus="Leclercera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leclercera yamaensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leclercera yamaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Endogyne, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
female epigastric area, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
male habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
female habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male</emphasis>
(Holotype). Total length 2.62; carapace 0.82 long, 0.92 wide; abdomen 1.80 long, 0.80 wide. Carapace round and pale brown, with dark brown traces medially (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13C</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Cheliceral retromargin, posterior view. A Leclercera dumuzhou sp. nov. B L. ekteenensis sp. nov. C L. thamkaewensis sp. nov. D L. yamaensis sp. nov. E L. thamsangensis sp. nov. F L. hponensis sp. nov. G L. lizi sp. nov. H L. mianqiu sp. nov. I L. selasihensis sp. nov. J L. yuanzhui sp. nov. K L. paiensis sp. nov. L L. zanggaensis sp. nov. Abbreviations: PT = promargin teeth, RT = retromargin teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380998" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">56D</figureCitation>
). Clypeus pale brown. Endites and labium dark brown. Sternum with scattered purplish traces. Abdomen elongated, dorsum dark brown, antero-ventrally dark brown with triangular spot, posterior with dark brown, purplish pattern. Legs uniformly brown; measurements: I 13.91 (4.00, 0.31, 4.50, 3.75, 1.35), II 11.43 (3.32, 0.31, 3.60, 3.00, 1.20), III 8.22 (2.50, 0.31, 2.41, 2.03, 0.97), IV missing. Palp (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM = embolus, ID = indentation, RA = retrolateral apophysis, SN = spine, ST = strong setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380956" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A-D</figureCitation>
): femur slender, five times longer than patella; patella not swollen; tibia swollen, 1.5 times shorter and two times wider than femur, with retrolateral apophysis anteriorly bearing a spine longer than the length of the tegulum, apophysis forms an indentation on tibia anteriorly; cymbium 3.5 times shorter than femur; bulb pyriform, with embolus and laminar apophysis arising distally; embolus thin, with laminar apophysis attached; laminar apophysis five times shorter than the length of tegulum, adhering to embolus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM = embolus, ID = indentation, RA = retrolateral apophysis, SN = spine, ST = strong setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380956" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female</emphasis>
(Paratype). General features and coloration similar to those of male (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13E, F</figureCitation>
). Measurements: total length 2.50; carapace 0.80 long, 0.90 wide; abdomen 1.70 long, 1.20 wide. Leg measurements: I 12.45 (3.53, 0.31, 4.00, 3.33, 1.28), II 10.11 (2.84, 0.31, 3.20, 2.68, 1.08), III 6.99 (2.00, 0.31, 2.08, 1.76, 0.84), IV 10.15 (3.00, 0.31, 3.20, 2.60, 1.04). Epigastric area (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13B</figureCitation>
): brown slit surrounded with purplish spots. Endogyne (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Leclercera yamaensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380955" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
): hook-like spermathecae, ratio of spermatheca width and spermatheca interdistance 1:4.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Distribution of new Leclercera species in Southeast Asia. 1 L. selasihensis sp. nov. 2 L. mianqiu sp. nov. 3 L. thamsangensis sp. nov. 4 L. yandou sp. nov. 5 L. thamkaewensis sp. nov. 6 L. xiangbabang sp. nov. 7 L. jianzuiyu sp. nov. 8 L. yamaensis sp. nov. 9 L. banensis sp. nov. 10 L. dumuzhou sp. nov. 11 L. suwanensis sp. nov. 12 L. maochong sp. nov. 13 L. yuanzhui sp. nov. 14 L. shanzi sp. nov. 15 L. duandai sp. nov. 16 L. hponensis sp. nov. 17 L. lizi sp. nov. 18 L. xiaodai sp. nov. 19 L. paiensis sp. nov. 20 L. yanjing sp. nov. 21 L. ekteenensis sp. nov. 22 L. zanggaensis sp. nov. 23 L. zhamensis sp. nov. 24 L. sanjiao sp. nov. 25 L. aniensis sp. nov. 26 L. renqinensis sp. nov. 27 L. shergylaensis sp. nov. 28 L. pulongensis sp. nov. 29 L. tudao sp. nov. 30 L. duibaensis sp. nov. 31 L. jiazhongensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure58" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/381000" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">58</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.913.48650.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380956" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Psilodercidae" genus="Leclercera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leclercera yamaensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leclercera yamaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Palp, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
bulb, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
palp, prolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM = embolus, ID = indentation, RA = retrolateral apophysis, SN = spine, ST = strong setae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>High endemicity in aquatic dance flies of Corsica, France (Diptera, Empididae, Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae), with the description of a new species of Chelipoda</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ivkovic, Marija</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-5676</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marija.ivkovic@biol.pmf.hr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Perovic, Marija</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Entomology Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pollet, Marc</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-5928</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Entomology Unit, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium &amp; Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Havenlaan 88 bus 73, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName LSID="FD0B38B3-736C-53EC-91F0-D3D06A62BDFB" authority="Vaillant, 1981" authorityName="Vaillant" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Chelifera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelifera corsicana" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corsicana">Chelifera corsicana Vaillant, 1981</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="177" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-06-27" collectorName="di Bonza" location="Serra di Scopamene" municipality="Campu di Bonza" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0B38B3736C53EC91F0D3D06A62BDFB:9BE3E2043B9AC6B450114ECC9281E566" municipality="Campu di Bonza" name="Serra di Scopamene">
Serra di
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et Sorbollano,
<collectingMunicipality>
Campu
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, edge of oak forest;
<collectingDate value="2019-06-27">27.vi.2019</collectingDate>
; YPT (25)
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.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Vaillant (1981) collected and described this species on the basis of a single male. Our specimen represents the second finding of this species.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8435A7501C8A31008657FA91" authority="Neto &amp; Passos, 2022" authorityName="Neto &amp; Passos" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,527,1291,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="librina" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tanytrichia">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501C8A31008548FA91" bold="true" box="[151,272,1291,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Oxyethira</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501D3C310085F4FA91" bold="true" box="[289,428,1291,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Tanytrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501DA031008657FA91" bold="true" box="[445,527,1291,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">librina</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501C8A313B8545FAFD" blockId="2.[151,627,1291,1354]" box="[151,285,1328,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501C8A313B8545FAFD" box="[151,285,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2A2D</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501C8A3173854AFA25" bold="true" box="[151,274,1400,1426]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species is tentatively placed in the
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501F10317387D5FA25" box="[781,909,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Tanytrichia</emphasis>
subgenus of
<bibRefCitation id="1133A0AD8435A750183C317380E6FA25" author="Kelley, R. W." box="[1057,1214,1400,1426]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" pagination="435 - 463" refId="ref2542" refString="Kelley, R. W. (1984) Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 110, 435 - 463." type="journal article" year="1984">Kelley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
due to segment VII lacking an apicomesal ventral process; segment VIII lacking dorsolateral processes and having its venter excised to the anterior margin; segment IX venter being elongate, protruding anteriorly into segment VI; subgenital processes being fused distomesally; and aedeagus having 2 long, lateral processes beginning at midlength. The male of
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8435A7501C8A320385ADF995" authorityName="Neto &amp; Passos" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,501,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="librina" subGenus="Tanytrichia">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501C8A3203855FF995" box="[151,263,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Oxyethira</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501D05320385C0F995" box="[280,408,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Tanytrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501DB4320385ADF995" box="[425,501,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">librina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8435A7501EC43203802AF995" authority="Harris &amp; Davenport 1999" authorityName="Harris &amp; Davenport" authorityYear="1999" box="[729,1138,1544,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hozosa">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501EC432038712F995" box="[729,842,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">O. hozosa</emphasis>
Harris &amp; Davenport
<quantity id="B25A70B98435A75018273203802AF995" box="[1082,1138,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07746" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="1999.0">1999</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in segment IX having one narrow process posteroventrally in lateral and ventral views. However, in the new species that process in ventral view is produced into a long mesoventral process with a subapical constriction and a rounded apex while in
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8435A750199C325B84BDF939" authorityName="Harris &amp; Davenport" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hozosa">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A750199C325B84BDF939" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">O. hozosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that process is a pair of finger-like mesoventral processes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78435A7561CDA329386FEFF07" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA329380D3F8A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1400,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA32938501F905" bold="true" box="[199,345,1688,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501D42329385C1F905" box="[351,409,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Male</emphasis>
. Length of each forewing 1.55 mm (n = 6). Head unmodified, with 3 ocelli; antennae broken and lost. Tibial spurs 1,3,4. Dorsum of head dark brown with pale yellow setae; thorax dark brown dorsally, light brown ventrally, with pale yellow setae dorsally; leg segments with light brown setae. Forewing venation typical of the genus, covered with fine yellow setae and small scattered patches of dark brown setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7511CDA33238597FDD6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1400,2039]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA332385D8F8F5" bold="true" box="[199,384,1832,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Male Genitalia.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment VII annular, without apicomesal ventral process (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A750188B332380A8F8F5" box="[1174,1264,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Segment VIII in lateral view with posteroventral margins oblique and produced caudad (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501FC73347806CF8D1" box="[986,1076,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin difficult to define (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501EE0337B8701F83D" box="[765,857,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); in ventral view anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin deeply excised mesally (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501E6C339F8693F819" box="[625,715,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Segment IX in lateral view tapering anteriorly and withdrawn into segments VIIVIII, extending slightly beyond anterior margin of segment VII, posterior margin with five slender caudad processes, one pair dorsal (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501E7133D7869BF841" box="[620,707,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, dp), another pair mesal (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501FC733D78069F841" box="[986,1073,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, mp), and one unpaired posterior mesoventral (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511D30349C85DBFF06" box="[301,387,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, mvp); in dorsal view, dorsal processes digitate, reaching posterior margin of tergum X (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A751195E349C81C0FF06" box="[1347,1432,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, dp), mesal processes longer, digitate, and slightly convergent apically (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511FB134B0805BFF62" box="[940,1027,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, mp); in ventral view lateral margins slightly sinuous, anterior margin almost straight, posterior mesoventral process as long as inferior appendages, with subapical constriction and rounded apex (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511E6F35088691FEAA" box="[626,713,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
, mvp). Tergum X in lateral view membranous, vertically oblong (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511C82352C84A2FEF6" box="[159,250,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view posterior margin shallowly incised mesally (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511FB5352C8059FEF6" box="[936,1025,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Inferior appendages in lateral view sclerotized, tapering apically (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511DEF35408616FED2" box="[498,590,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, ia); in ventral view broad basally, tapering to blunt apices (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A751191335408131FED2" box="[1294,1385,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
, ia). Subgenital process membranous, in lateral view tapering apically, protruding below inferior appendages (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511923356481CFFE3E" box="[1342,1431,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, sg); in dorsal view produced into pair of mesal processes with lateral setae (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511FC23598806EFE1A" box="[991,1078,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, sg). Bilobed processes digitate, each with spine-like apical seta, visible only in lateral view (dotted lines in
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511FFB35BC8066FE66" box="[998,1086,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
, bp). Phallus tubular, smoothly curved about 45° in middle, in lateral view apical half membranous tapering to acute apex, with sclerotized, upturned and acute basal process (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511DB535F48658FDAE" box="[424,512,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
, sp; paired); in dorsal view fixed to dorsum of segment IX by pair of lateral sinuous apodeme (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511D1636288506FD8A" box="[267,350,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
and dotted lines in
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A7511E25362886D6FD8A" box="[568,654,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, ap), acute apex with a pair of sclerotized lateral process (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98434A751190F3628813FFD8A" box="[1298,1383,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-244@3.[151,1436,633,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oxyethira librina sp. nov. male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
, sp); ejaculatory duct not visible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="21DD8DD48434A7511C8A339F813CF843" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6911225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" startId="3.[151,249,1940,1964]" targetBox="[164,1426,644,1899]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8434A7511C8A339F813CF843" blockId="3.[151,1437,1940,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8434A7511C8A339F8549F81B" bold="true" box="[151,273,1940,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8434A7511D0B339F859CF81B" authority="Neto &amp; Passos, 2022" authorityName="Neto &amp; Passos" authorityYear="2022" box="[278,452,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="librina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8434A7511D0B339F859CF81B" box="[278,452,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Oxyethira librina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D6014E8434A7511DD4339F8640F81B" bold="true" box="[457,536,1940,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE5BC358434A7511DD4339F8640F81B" box="[457,536,1940,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
male genitalia. 2A, left lateral; 2B, dorsal; 2C, ventral; 2D, phallus, left lateral; 2E, phallus apex, dorsal. ap = apodeme (paired), bp = bilobed process (paired), dp = dorsal process (paired), ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process (paired), mvp = posterior mesoventral process, sg = subgenital plate, sp = sclerotized process (paired).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8433A7561CDA349D86FEFF07" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" box="[199,678,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8433A7561CDA349D8671FF07" bold="true" box="[199,553,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Female, pupa, larva, and egg:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78433A7561CDA34B18732FEAB" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8433A7561CDA34B180FEFF4F" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="C5CAD7018433A7561CDA34B180FEFF4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3866116301" collectingDate="2020-12-04" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="J. L. Gama Neto" country="Brazil" county="Boa Vista" latitude="2.8580554" location="praia do Cacari" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.37833" municipality="Cauame River" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Roraima" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8433A7561CDA34B185ACFF63" bold="true" box="[199,500,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="AA1963FE8433A7561CDA34B1856CFF63" box="[199,308,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
<collectingCountry id="0DB59DCC8433A7561D9434B185ACFF63" box="[393,500,186,212]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="47D6014E8433A7561E1B34B18621FF63" bold="true" box="[518,633,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<collectingRegion id="B76613BE8433A7561E1B34B1862CFF63" box="[518,628,186,212]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Roraima</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="9C7CA5D08433A7561E9E34B086AAFF63" box="[643,754,186,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Boa Vista</collectingCounty>
municipality,
<collectingMunicipality id="957947268433A7561F8434B18067FF63" box="[921,1087,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Cauamé River</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="707D8B878433A756185034B18159FF63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0B6C4A8435A7561C8A3100875BFE3F:707D8B878433A756185034B18159FF63" box="[1101,1281,186,212]" country="Brazil" county="Boa Vista" latitude="2.8580554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.37833" municipality="Cauame River" name="praia do Cacari" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Roraima">praia do Caçari</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1096BB9B8433A756191234B181CFFF62" box="[1295,1431,186,213]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" precision="15" seconds="29" value="2.8580554">2°5129” N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="1096BB9B8433A7561C8A34D58573FF4E" box="[151,299,222,249]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-61.37833">61°2242” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="011CFB9C8433A7561D2534D5858BFF4F" box="[312,467,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" value="2020-12-04">
<collectingDate id="115802748433A7561D2534D5858BFF4F" box="[312,467,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" value="2020-12-04">04 Dez. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectingMethod id="ACE3A54B8433A7561DC034D586B9FF4E" box="[477,737,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Pennsylvania light trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="D857B88A8433A7561EF034D487F9FF4E" box="[749,929,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">J.L. Gama Neto</collectorName>
, col. (alcohol;
<collectionCode id="13B345998433A756185A34D580C2FF4F" box="[1095,1178,222,248]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">MPEG</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8433A7561CDA35098732FEAB" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" box="[199,874,258,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="C5CAD7018433A7561CDA3509873EFEAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3866116304" box="[199,870,258,285]" collectingDate="2020-12-04" collectionCode="UERR" collectorName="J. L. Gama Neto" country="Brazil" county="Boa Vista" latitude="2.8580554" location="praia do Cacari" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.37833" municipality="Cauame River" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Roraima" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8433A7561CDA35098563FEAB" bold="true" box="[199,315,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="AA1963FE8433A7561CDA3509856EFEAB" box="[199,310,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="63A416D58433A7561D5F350985C3FEAB" box="[322,411,258,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (alcohol;
<collectionCode id="13B345998433A7561F1335098706FEAB" box="[782,862,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">UERR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78433A7561CDA352D8639FEF7" box="[199,609,294,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8433A7561CDA352D8639FEF7" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" box="[199,609,294,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8433A7561CDA352D8501FEF7" bold="true" box="[199,345,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="0DB59DCC8433A7561D75352D85F4FEF7" box="[360,428,294,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="B76613BE8433A7561DA6352D8601FEF7" box="[443,601,294,320]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Roraima state</collectingRegion>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78433A7561CDA3541875BFE3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8433A7561CDA3541875BFE3F" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8433A7561CDA35418516FED3" bold="true" box="[199,334,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</emphasis>
The term “librina”, a noun used in apposition, refers to the oral word used by inhabitants of
<collectingRegion id="B76613BE8433A7561921354181C4FED3" box="[1340,1436,330,356]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Roraima</collectingRegion>
states to designate a light rain falling on the vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
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<mods:title id="5416923872822CEDC9B0D338920CFD9E">Two new species of Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Roraima state, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="3BF28471B38EAA6AC6263F87E11AB543">Centro Estadual de Educação Profissional Prof. Antônio de Pinho Lima (CEEP / RR). &amp; mahedypassos @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9423 - 4403</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="FD0B6C4A8436A7501C8A3565800EFB72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911195" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197858999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6911195" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0B6C4A8436A7501C8A3565800EFB72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD0B6C4A8436A7501C8A3565800EFB72" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78436A7531C8A356586FFFE3E" box="[151,679,366,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8436A7531C8A356586FFFE3E" blockId="1.[151,679,366,429]" box="[151,679,366,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="2E556A308436A7531C8A356586FFFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,679,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531C8A356586FFFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,679,366,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8436A7531C8A3565861AFE3E" authority="Neto &amp; Passos, 2022" authorityName="Neto &amp; Passos" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,578,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiquitaia" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Dampfitrichia">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531C8A35658548FE3E" bold="true" box="[151,272,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Oxyethira</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531D3C35658594FE3E" bold="true" box="[289,460,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Dampfitrichia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531DC03564861AFE3E" bold="true" box="[477,578,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">jiquitaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE5BC358436A7531E54356486FFFE3E" box="[585,679,367,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78436A7531C8A35988579FE1A" box="[151,289,403,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8436A7531C8A35988579FE1A" blockId="1.[151,679,366,429]" box="[151,289,403,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98436A7531C8A35988579FE1A" box="[151,289,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Figs 1A1D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="21DD8DD48436A7531C8A32BE864CF8A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" startId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" targetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8436A7531C8A32BE864CF8A2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1717,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531C8A32BE854CF97A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1717,1741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8436A7531D0632BE8586F97A" authority="Neto &amp; Passos, 2022" authorityName="Neto &amp; Passos" authorityYear="2022" box="[283,478,1717,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiquitaia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531D0632BE8586F97A" box="[283,478,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Oxyethira jiquitaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531DF832BD866EF979" bold="true" box="[485,566,1718,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE5BC358436A7531DF832BD866EF979" box="[485,566,1718,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78436A7501C8A3348801CFF4E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8436A7501C8A3348801CFF4E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1859,2030]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531C8A3348854AF8EA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1859,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species is tentatively placed in the
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531F15334F8744F8E9" box="[776,796,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">O</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531F2E334E871FF8E9" box="[819,839,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">D</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531F43334F87F5F8E9" box="[862,941,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">pallida</emphasis>
Group of
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A753183D334F80E7F8E9" box="[1056,1215,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Dampfitrichia</emphasis>
subgenus of
<bibRefCitation id="1133A0AD8436A753194F334F84BAF835" author="Kelley, R. W." pageId="1" pageNumber="27" pagination="435 - 463" refId="ref2542" refString="Kelley, R. W. (1984) Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 110, 435 - 463." type="journal article" year="1984">Kelley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
due to segment VII being without a ventral apicomesal process; segment VIII venter being shallowly excised apically and without dorsolateral processes; segment IX having its venter pointed anteriorly and protruding to the anterior end of segment VII; the inferior appendages distinct, short; and the aedeagus lacking a titillator and having a distal process. The male of
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8436A7531DC733DF86F7F859" authority="Neto &amp; Passos, 2022" authorityName="Neto &amp; Passos" authorityYear="2022" box="[474,687,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiquitaia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531DC733DF86F7F859" box="[474,687,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">Oxyethira jiquitaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531EA833DF8756F859" bold="true" box="[693,782,2004,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CE5BC358436A7531EA833DF8756F859" box="[693,782,2004,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8436A7531FF633DF80A7F859" authority="Flint 1974" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1974" box="[1003,1279,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8436A7531FF633DF80DDF859" box="[1003,1157,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">O. longissima</emphasis>
Flint
<quantity id="B25A70B98436A75318DA33DF80A7F859" box="[1223,1279,2004,2030]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01396" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="1974.0">1974</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in the general shape of the inferior appendages, and
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8435A7501E52349C8727FF06" authority="Flint 1974" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1974" box="[591,895,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosterna">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501E52349C8758FF07" box="[591,768,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">O. macrosterna</emphasis>
Flint
<quantity id="B25A70B98435A7501F5A349C8727FF06" box="[839,895,151,177]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01396" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="1974.0">1974</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in the general shape of the subgenital process. However, in the new species, segment IX in lateral view extends a bit further than the anterior margin of segment VII, but in
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8435A7501D0934D485F7FF4E" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1974" box="[276,431,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501D0934D485F7FF4E" box="[276,431,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">O. longissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A6DF8435A7501DFB34D486CDFF4F" authorityName="Flint" authorityYear="1974" box="[486,661,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroptilidae" genus="Oxyethira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosterna">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501DFB34D486CDFF4F" box="[486,661,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">O. macrosterna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, segment IX is much more prolonged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78435A7501CDA350986FEFC5A" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA350980D3FE3E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA35098501FEAB" bold="true" box="[199,345,258,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501D42350885C1FEAA" box="[351,409,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Male</emphasis>
. Length of each forewing 1.55 mm (n = 6). Head unmodified, with 3 ocelli; antennae broken and lost. Tibial spurs 1,3,4. Dorsum of head dark brown with pale yellow setae; thorax dark brown dorsally, light brown ventrally, with pale yellow setae dorsally; leg segments with light brown setae. Forewing venation typical of the genus, covered with fine yellow setae and small scattered patches of dark brown setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA35988577FC7E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA359885D8FE1B" bold="true" box="[199,384,402,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Male Genitalia.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment VII annular, without apicomesal ventral process (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A750188B359880B7FE1A" box="[1174,1263,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Segment VIII with posteroventral margins sinuous in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501EE635BC8700FE66" box="[763,856,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin difficult to define (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501E2D35D086D0FE42" box="[560,648,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); in ventral view anterior margin sinuous, posterior margin shallowly excised mesally, produced into two truncate lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501F3B35F48726FDAE" box="[806,894,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Segment IX in lateral view tapering anteriorly and withdrawn into segments VIIVIII extending slightly beyond anterior margin of segment VII, with truncated process at dorsal posterior portion (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501E31364C86DFFDD6" box="[556,647,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view anterodorsal margin shallowly excised mesally (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501972364C84E1FD32" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); in ventral and dorsal views lateral margins tapering anteriorly to acute base (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501839366080F6FD32" box="[1060,1198,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Figs 1B, 1C</figureCitation>
). Tergum X in lateral view membranous, posterior margin blunt (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501E94368486B7FD1E" box="[649,751,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view posterior margin almost straight (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501929368481D6FD1E" box="[1332,1422,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Inferior appendages sclerotized, in lateral view with acute apex directed posterodorsad (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A750187A36B880E7FD7A" box="[1127,1215,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
, ia); in ventral view fused mesally, produced into pair of almost-rectangular lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501FB036DC805DFD46" box="[941,1029,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
, ia). Subgenital process sclerotized, in lateral view robust, curving posteroventrad (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501EA436F0874DFCA2" box="[697,789,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
, sg), with elongate mesal process, directed caudad, and narrow apically (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501D48371485F5FC8E" box="[341,429,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
, mp); in dorsal view with triangular process produced apicomesally (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A75018AC37148150FC8E" box="[1201,1288,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
, sg). Bilobed processes in ventral view widely separated, digitate and each with spine-like apical seta (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A750188D374880B0FCEA" box="[1168,1256,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
, bp). Phallus in lateral view with tubular basal half, membranous apical half, ventrally with elongate, slender, and pointed apex, with basal keel-shaped process (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501E143780863BFC12" box="[521,611,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
, vp); internally with long and sclerotized ejaculatory duct acute at apex (
<figureCitation id="ED99C1D98435A7501C8237A484A0FC7E" box="[159,248,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,468,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[151,1436,453,1694]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Oxyethira jiquitaia sp. nov. male genitalia. 1A, left lateral; 1B, dorsal; 1C, ventral; 1D, phallus, left lateral. bp = bilobed process, ed = ejaculatory duct, ia = inferior appendage (paired), mp = mesal process of subgenital plate, sg = subgenital plate, vp = ventral process of phallus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6911223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
, ed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA37D886FEFC5A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,678,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA37D88671FC5A" bold="true" box="[199,553,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Female, pupa, larva, and egg:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78435A7501CDA37FC8732FBEE" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA37FC80FEFB82" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="C5CAD7018435A7501CDA37FC80FEFB82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3866116302" collectingDate="2020-12-04" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="J. L. Gama Neto" country="Brazil" county="Boa Vista" latitude="2.8580554" location="praia do Cacari" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.37833" municipality="Cauame River" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Roraima" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA37FC85ACFBA7" bold="true" box="[199,500,1014,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="AA1963FE8435A7501CDA37FC856CFBA6" box="[199,308,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
<collectingCountry id="0DB59DCC8435A7501D9437FD85ACFBA7" box="[393,500,1014,1040]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501E1B37FD8621FBA7" bold="true" box="[518,633,1014,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="B76613BE8435A7501E1B37FD862CFBA7" box="[518,628,1014,1040]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Roraima</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="9C7CA5D08435A7501E9E37FC86AAFBA6" box="[643,754,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Boa Vista</collectingCounty>
municipality,
<collectingMunicipality id="957947268435A7501F8437FC8067FBA6" box="[921,1087,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Cauamé River</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
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;
<geoCoordinate id="1096BB9B8435A7501C8A30108573FB82" box="[151,299,1051,1077]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-61.37833">61°2242” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="011CFB9C8435A7501D253010858BFB82" box="[312,467,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" value="2020-12-04">
<collectingDate id="115802748435A7501D253010858BFB82" box="[312,467,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" value="2020-12-04">04 Dez. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectingMethod id="ACE3A54B8435A7501DC0301086B9FB82" box="[477,737,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Pennsylvania light trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="D857B88A8435A7501EF0301087F9FB82" box="[749,929,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">J.L. Gama Neto</collectorName>
, col. (alcohol;
<collectionCode id="13B345998435A750185A301080C2FB82" box="[1095,1178,1051,1077]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">MPEG</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA30348732FBEE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,874,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="C5CAD7018435A7501CDA3034873EFBEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3866116303" box="[199,870,1086,1113]" collectingDate="2020-12-04" collectionCode="UERR" collectorName="J. L. Gama Neto" country="Brazil" county="Boa Vista" latitude="2.8580554" location="praia do Cacari" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-61.37833" municipality="Cauame River" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Roraima" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA30348563FBEE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="AA1963FE8435A7501CDA3034856EFBEE" box="[199,310,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="63A416D58435A7501D5F303585C3FBEE" box="[322,411,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (alcohol;
<collectionCode id="13B345998435A7501F1330348706FBEE" box="[782,862,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">UERR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78435A7501CDA30698639FBCA" box="[199,609,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA30698639FBCA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,609,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA30698501FBCB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1122,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="0DB59DCC8435A7501D75306885F4FBCA" box="[360,428,1123,1149]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="B76613BE8435A7501DA630688601FBCA" box="[443,601,1123,1149]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Roraima state</collectingRegion>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB88ED78435A7501CDA308C800EFB72" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="751DDD5C8435A7501CDA308C800EFB72" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="47D6014E8435A7501CDA308C8516FB16" bold="true" box="[199,334,1159,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis>
The term “jiquitaia,” a noun used in apposition, refers to the oral word used by inhabitants of
<collectingRegion id="B76613BE8435A7501C8A30A0856AFB72" box="[151,306,1195,1221]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Roraima state</collectingRegion>
to designate a hot food powder made of a sun dried and ground pepper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
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Paralipsis
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, 1863
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<taxonomicName id="71F61233D66E08FBC43A16079C0EE8B5" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Myrmecobosca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecobosca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmecobosca</taxonomicName>
Maneval, 1940
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<paragraph id="3B9A64EAD3FE97CD4333FD9E4F2D5E02" pageNumber="75">
[[worker]].
<normalizedToken id="2195D74D8C163E90DF0C24CE3E1495B6" originalValue="Diffère">Differe</normalizedToken>
de la forme typique par
<normalizedToken id="69CD4187AEFD735830DC4802E94A3602" originalValue="l'échancrure">l'echancrure</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="45E8549A37477DDF471C8553FEF6406B" originalValue="méso-métanotale">meso-metanotale</normalizedToken>
plus profonde, plus distincte, par son thorax rouge sombre et par les angles
<normalizedToken id="A92E113E8D9462CAF94402F618EA460C" originalValue="antéro-latéraux">antero-lateraux</normalizedToken>
du pronotum plus
<normalizedToken id="556A3B2217CD1DC9A9AC6104167EBEDE" originalValue="marqués">marques</normalizedToken>
.
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autres genres et autres
<normalizedToken id="4596C2DD17B978733148438CB43DB140" originalValue="espèces">especes</normalizedToken>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0BBA143F48FF68D4E71EAC26A939F3FF">
<mods:title id="F75CF055929003BB2A77D696064D8D70">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="68A0E092EAA317643BABB5411A582E7B">
<mods:date id="EF4A285F53DFE5BA60EF67F953C8D9E1">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:start id="3B2D67BE4E0506285A99F2A59E6EA06C">10948</mods:start>
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<paragraph id="8DA96D6943726307121C0D1E7FE3A8A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">
<taxonomicName id="5020A8217D707CDF8300F540E3AFAD73" ID-CoL="7HKLB" LSID="http://azoresbioportal.uac.pt/azores-species/nysius-ericae-ericae-13521/" authority="Schilling, 1829" authorityName="Schilling" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Lygaeidae" genus="Nysius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nysius ericae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ericae" subSpecies="ericae">Nysius ericae ericae Schilling, 1829</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C63F59AD82C7B0C4C496433EBC1BACF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" type="ecological interactions">
<paragraph id="90909ADBE695C2AF42058B60EE313856" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Ecological interactions</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="A8E27B1F80DB593CAF670705E0F33B21" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" type="native status">
<paragraph id="8A3D2867E946ABB4FA4ED1987D02F9F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Native status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BBCF69C89B54C319C858891D45D9949" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Native</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C8863B3060F2815280F910ACFD2AE36" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="151486188890C4080AD73E365B6468F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62862261F787C096DF0FB5A3B6A706AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">COR; FLO; FAI; PIC; GRA; SJG; TER; SMG; SMR</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3153E5665987F455DD51AE54CE07775C" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" type="notes">
<paragraph id="BC147F9CED14A8A6456567ADC21064B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="638D9ED1B8BAC60ED2C17533019E070A" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Also present: MAD; CAN (Biogeographical Realm: Afro-tropical)</paragraph>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.275.4571" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4900d4c5-2f4b-42be-90c6-0db97d1f15a6" ID-PMC="PMC3677326" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-275-23" ID-PubMed="23794810" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-275-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 275" ModsDocTitle="Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)" checkinTime="1451247589296" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yin, Zi-Wei, Hlavac, Peter &amp; Li, Li-Zhen" docDate="2013" docId="FD0C57C764B6C91381E15F0F38E126C8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 275: 23-65" docOrigin="ZooKeys 275" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.275.4571" docTitle="Pselaphodes tiantongensis Yin &amp; Li, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="C11BA9533614BB4BD87BFF85D136156E" masterDocTitle="Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1668155449358" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Further studies on the Pselaphodes complex of genera from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Yin, Zi-Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Hlavac, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Li-Zhen</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ADE67E9B-9B6A-4BCD-ADC3-98DDAC2C4EB3" authority="Yin &amp; Li" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pselaphodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pselaphodes tiantongensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiantongensis">Pselaphodes tiantongensis Yin &amp; Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="25" pageNumber="48">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 16B18
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="25" pageNumber="48" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="48">Type material</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="25" pageNumber="48">
(5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀). Holotype: ♂, labeled 'CHINA: Zhejiang, Ningbo City / Yinzhou District, Tiantong Shan /
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="29.800833">29°48'03&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 121°46'56E, 600 m / (mixed leaf
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="49" start="start">litter</pageBreakToken>
, sifted) / 2009.iv.26, Ting Feng leg.' (SNUC). Paratypes: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same label data as holotype (SNUC).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">
Reddish brown; length 3.28-3.45; postgenae rounded laterally; antennomeres
<normalizedToken originalValue="IXXI">IX-XI</normalizedToken>
enlarged; antennomeres IX modified in male; pronotum rounded at anterolateral margins; male with short metaventral processes; metacoxae simple; aedeagus with asymmetric median lobe.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="26" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="26" pageNumber="49">
Male (Fig. 16B). Length 3.34-3.45. Head longer than wide, HL 0.75-0.77, HW 0.67-0.68; eyes each composed of about 35 facets. Antennal clubs as in Fig. 18A. Pronotum (Fig. 18B) slightly longer than wide, PL 0.71-0.72, PW 0.66-0.69, rounded at anterolateral margins. Elytra wider than long, EL 1.00-1.01, EW 1.29-1.34. Metaventral processes short, apically narrowed and curved posteriorly (Fig. 18C). Protrochanters and profemora spinose ventrally (Fig. 18D), protibiae with indistinct apical projection (Fig. 18E); mesotrochanters with multiple ventral spines, mesofemora simple (Fig. 18F); metatrochanters and metafemora simple (Fig. 18G).
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="50" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
broad at base and narrowed apically, AL 0.88-0.95, AW 1.29-1.31. Sternite IX as in Fig. 18H. Aedeagus length 0.78, with asymmetric median lobe (Figs 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="IK">I-K</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="50">Female. Similar to male in general; BL 3.28-3.37, HL 0.76-0.77, HW 0.63-0.66, PL 0.69-0.71, PW 0.69-0.70, EL 0.93-0.95, EW 1.29-1.35, AL 0.90-0.94, AW 1.34-1.40. Eyes each composed of about 30 facets. Antennae unmodified; metaventral processes absent.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="51" type="comparative notes">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="51" start="start">Comparative</pageBreakToken>
notes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">This new species can be separated from the other species of the group by the short, apically curved and narrowed metaventral processes, the aedeagus with the median lobe being roundly broadened near apex, the structure of the aedeagal endophallus, and its distribution.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">East China: Zhejiang.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="51" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">Individuals were sifted from mixed leaf litter of a forest.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">The new species is named after the type locality, Tiantongshan National Forest Park.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="28" pageNumber="51">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="51">
Figure 18. Diagnostic features of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Pselaphodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pselaphodes tiantongensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiantongensis">Pselaphodes tiantongensis</taxonomicName>
in male. A antenna B pronotum C median metaventral process, in lateral view D protrochanter and profemur E apical portion of protibia F mesotrochanter and mesofemur G metatrochanter and metafemur H sternite IX I aedeagus, in dorsal view J same, in lateral view K same, in ventral view. Scales (mm): A, B, D, F, G = 0.3; C, I, J, K = 0.2; H = 0.1; E = 0.05.
</paragraph>
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Subfamily
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Blanchard, 1845b: 134 [stem: Parandr-]. Type genus:
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Latreille, 1802.
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<emphasis id="47D1EAB9CB10D17FFF64F997FE28F9BD" bold="true" box="[227,466,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Notothylas orbicularis</emphasis>
(Schwein.) A. Gray
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SPECIMEN EXAMINED. —
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</emphasis>
. Nebojan Village, open ground on the lawn in a yard,
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a.s.l.,
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,
<emphasis id="47D1EAB9CB10D17FFF05F905FEFAF908" box="[130,256,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">leg. Rimac A.</emphasis>
, det. Rimac A. &amp; Šegota V., ZA[ZA49736].
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