diff --git a/data/F0/78/EB/F078EBC902311A68A50ACEEFCC9BE663.xml b/data/F0/78/EB/F078EBC902311A68A50ACEEFCC9BE663.xml index a1e52bc1198..6e2cd389996 100644 --- a/data/F0/78/EB/F078EBC902311A68A50ACEEFCC9BE663.xml +++ b/data/F0/78/EB/F078EBC902311A68A50ACEEFCC9BE663.xml @@ -1,35 +1,38 @@ - - - -Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. + + + +Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. - - -Author + + +Author -Smith, F. +Smith, F. -text - -1858 -British Museum - -London +text + +1858 +British Museum + +London - -http://antbase.org/ants/publications/8127/8127.pdf + +http://antbase.org/ants/publications/8127/8127.pdf -book -8127 -C86CFDBF-61D9-48EE-9C2E-325FC0462B10 +book +8127 +C86CFDBF-61D9-48EE-9C2E-325FC0462B10 41. -Formica -Dalmatica. + +Formica +Dalmatica + +. diff --git a/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C21058FFA4C955059B1BBAC537.xml b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C21058FFA4C955059B1BBAC537.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3656785d2c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C21058FFA4C955059B1BBAC537.xml @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ + + + +Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae) + + + +Author + +Mulvaney, Lydia R. J. + +text + + +Metamorphosis + + +2021 + +2021-01-25 + + +32 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.1 + +journal article +10.4314/met.v32i1.1 +2307-5031 + + + + + + + +Afrocerura bifasciata bifasciata +( +Janse, 1920 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 20‒21 +, genitalia Figs 37‒38, 46) + + + + + + + +Cerura bifasciata +Janse, 1920: 171 + + +. + + + + + +Afrocerura leonensis bifasciata +( +Janse, 1920 +) + +: + +Kiriakoff, 1963: 213 + +. + + + + +Afrocerura bifasciata bifasciata +( +Janse, 1920 +) + +: Schintlmeister & Witt, 2015: 31. + + + +Name bearing +type +: + + + + + + +Holotype + +( +Fig. 20 +): “// +Cerura +/ +bifasciata Janse. +[handwritten] / Type No. 1655 [number handwritten] // S. +Rhodesia +/ ex. Bulaw. Mus. [handwritten] // Photo done by / A. SCHINTLMEISTER / #25.977 [yellow label]//” ( +TMSA +). + + + +Additional material examined: +(all +ANHRT +) + +ZAMBIA +. +1♂ +– + +1400 m + +, +Kankonde Camp +, +Mutinondo Stream +, +12°23′29″S +, +31°19′24″E +, + +12‒15.xi.2014 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +& +Takano, H. + +, + +ANHRT +:2017.12, ANHRTUK00073573, +Gen. +slide +No. LG +5364 + +; +1♂ +– + +1197 m + +, +Bufumu Forest +, +Kasanka National Park +, +12°29′50″S +, +30°11′31″E +, + +1.xii.2012 + +, Actinic Light, leg. +Smith, R. +& +Takano, H. + +, + + + +ANHRT +:2017.7, ANHRTUK00073572, +Gen. +slide +No. +LG5363 + +; +1♂ +– + +1340 m + +, +Jiwundu +swamp, +11°51′54″S +, +25°33′20″E +, + +21‒24. xi.2014 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +& +Takano, H. + +, +ANHRT +:2017.12, ANHRTUK00010143, + +ANHRT +GEN. SLIDE +NO +. 00313 + +; +2♀♀ +– + +1179 m + +, +Greystone +, +Kitwe +, +Copperbelt Province +, +12°55′50″S +, +28°14′29″E +, + +17‒18.xi.2014 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +& +Takano, H. + +, +ANHRT +:2017.12, ANHRTUK00043083 and ANHRTUK00042917, + +ANHRT +GEN. SLIDE +NO +. 00316 + + +. + + + + +Remarks + + +This species was originally described from a single female specimen from +Zimbabwe +. +Kiriakoff (1963: 214) +designated a (redundant) neallotype (NHMUK) and transferred + +bifasciata + +to the genus + +Afrocerura + +as a subspecies of + +A. leonensis + +. Schintlmeister & Witt (2015) considered + +bifasciata + +to be a good species, a view which is upheld here. As previously stated under + +leonensis + +, the morphological differences between the genitalia of + +leonensis + +and + +bifasciata + +are found to be distinctive enough to consider them as being separate species. The male genitalia and habitus of true + +bifasciata + +are illustrated here for the first time (Figs 37‒38, 21). + + + + +Distribution + + +The specimens collected in +Zambia +represent a new country record. The species is now known from +Zimbabwe +, +Tanzania +(De Prins & De Prins, 2019) and +Zambia +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C21058FFA7CA9803BF1F76C417.xml b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C21058FFA7CA9803BF1F76C417.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..519dce284a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C21058FFA7CA9803BF1F76C417.xml @@ -0,0 +1,317 @@ + + + +Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae) + + + +Author + +Mulvaney, Lydia R. J. + +text + + +Metamorphosis + + +2021 + +2021-01-25 + + +32 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.1 + +journal article +10.4314/met.v32i1.1 +2307-5031 + + + + + + + +Afrocerura leonensis +( +Hampson, 1910 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 18‒19 +, genitalia Fig. 36) + + + + + + + +Cerura leonensis +Hampson, 1910: 457 + + +. + + + + + +Afrocerura leonensis leonensis +( +Hampson, 1910 +) + +: + +Kiriakoff, 1963: 213 + +. + + + + +Name bearing +type +: + + + + + + +Holotype + +( +Fig. 18 +): “// +Cerura +/ leonensis / type + +. Hmpsn. [handwritten] // Type [circular label with red ring] // +S. Leone +[handwritten] / Crowley / Bequest. / 1901-78 // Photo done by / A. SCHINTLMEISTER / #9.668 [yellow label]//” ( +NHMUK +). + + + +Additional material examined: +(all +ANHRT +) + +GUINEA +. +3♂♂ +– + +1413 m + + +, + +Dalaba +, + +Foret +de Goubel + +, +10°39′27″N +, +12°15′44″W +, + +10‒18.ix.2019 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Geiser, M. +, +Leno, M. +, +Koivagui, S. +, +Miles, W. +, +Mulvaney, L. +, & +Sáfián, Sz. +, +ANHRT +:2019.19, unique numbers ANHRTUK00103027, ANHRTUK00103028 and ANHRTUK00103029, +Gen. +slide +No. LG +5368 + + +. + + + + +Remarks + + +This species was described by +Hampson (1910) +, based on a single female +holotype +from +Sierra Leone +. +Kiriakoff’s (1963) +decision to designate a species described from a single female specimen as the type species of a new genus is rather perplexing. The generic description and diagnoses he provides are based on male specimens tentatively identified as conspecific with Hampson’s type. Kiriakoff did not consider the differences he observed in the genitalia of specimens from different geographical regions of Africa to be substantial enough for species level separation and therefore proposed + +Afrocerura leonensis leonensis +( +Hampson, 1910 +) + +to be the northern race, + +A. leonensis bifasciata +( +Janse, 1920 +) + +to be the southern +race and + +A. leonensis tanganyikae +Kiriakoff, 1963 + +to be the eastern race of the species. He also referred to the genitalia of + +leonensis + +as having a subterminal tooth or hook on the valvae. + + +Kiriakoff however failed to provide the provenance of the specimen he dissected and as he states that he has examined + +‘ +leonensis + +’ specimens from +Togo +and eastern D.R. +Congo +, the true identity of + +leonensis + +males remains problematic. There is a male specimen from Nyamunyunye, D.R. +Congo +in MRAC which was identified as + +A. leonensis leonensis + +by Kiriakoff and dissected for his 1963 publication and it is possible that this is the genitalia figured in the publication (although this has not been corroborated). + + +Nevertheless, on the basis of West African material in the ANHRT, the Nyamunyunye specimen is almost certainly not conspecific with true + +leonensis + +. On comparing the genitalia of West African + +‘ +leonensis + +’ and southern African + +bifasciata + +specimens with Kiriakoff’s figure of + +leonensis + +, it appears Kiriakoff did not figure the genitalia of true + +leonensis +, + +but a taxon near + +bifasciata + +(then a ssp. of + +leonensis + +). To add to this conundrum, there are at least two + +Afrocerura + +taxa in West Africa of which one almost certainly remains undescribed. A male specimen from +Guinea +that is phenotypically similar to the +holotype +female of + +leonensis + +exhibited markedly different genitalia (bearing no terminal or subterminal spike or tooth) to Kiriakoff’s figure whilst a male specimen from +Liberia +(ANHRTUK00101699, LG5361 + +) possessed subterminal spikes on its valvae and a similarly broad uncus base but the spike was positioned in a completely different orientation to the figure. + + +With the ambiguity in the literature and without longer series of both sexes from West Africa, it is impossible to identify which of the two West African taxa is true + +leonensis + +and therefore, which one requires description. Due to external similarities with the +holotype +of + +leonensis + +the Guinean specimens are tentatively considered here as males of true + +leonensis + +and its genitalia illustrated for the first time (Fig. 36). The observed differences in the male genitalia of + +bifasciata + +and + +leonensis + +support the species rank distinction between the two taxa where + +leonensis + +is likely to be a West African vicariant of the southern African + +bifasciata + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105AFFA5CA9801331A4DC44E.xml b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105AFFA5CA9801331A4DC44E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..444a1385909 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105AFFA5CA9801331A4DC44E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ + + + +Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae) + + + +Author + +Mulvaney, Lydia R. J. + +text + + +Metamorphosis + + +2021 + +2021-01-25 + + +32 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.1 + +journal article +10.4314/met.v32i1.1 +2307-5031 + + + + + + + +Afrocerura thomensis +(Talbot, 1929) + + + + + + + +( +Figs 23‒25 +, genitalia Fig. 42) + + + + + +Cerura thomensis +Talbot, 1929: 63 + +. + + + + +Afrocerura cameroona thomensis +(Talbot, 1929) + +: + +Kiriakoff, 1963: 215 + +. + + + + +Afrocerura thomensis +(Talbot, 1929) + +: Schintlmeister & Witt, 2015: 31. + + + + + +Name bearing +type +: + + + + +Holotype + +( +Fig. 23 +): “// +Cerura +/ thomensis / Talb. 1929. / + +Holotype +. // Type / H.T. [circular label with red ring) // 25.26. / Sao Thome, / 24.i.‒25.ii. [19]26. / +T.A. Barnes +// Photo done by A. SCHINTLMEISTER / #9.670 [yellow label] //” ( +NHMUK +). + + + + + +Additional material examined: +(all +ANHRT +, unless otherwise indicated) + + + +SAO TOME +. +Paratype + +, ( +Fig. 24 +): +Sao Thome +, + +Sept. – Oct. 1926 + +., T.A. +Barnes +, ( +NHMUK +) + +; + +1♂ +– + +1303 m + +, +Antenna +, +Bom +successo, +0°16′33.7″N +, +6°36′19.7″E +, + +21.x.2016 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Turner, C. R. +& +Tasane, T. +, +ANHRT +:2017.21, ANHRTUK00074983 + +; + +1♂ +– + +1321 m + +, +Antenna +, +Bom Successo +(plantation-dry scrub forest), +0°16′31″N +, +6°36′14″E +, + +22‒25.i.2018 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Aristophanous, M. +, +Lima, D. +, +Miles, W. +& +Turner, C. R. +, +ANHRT +:2018.1, ANHRTUK00041722, +Gen. +slide +No. LG +5362 + + +. + + + + +Remarks + + +The extent of the differences between the male genitalia of + +A. thomensis + +and + +A. cameroona + +justify the species level distinction between the two taxa (Figs 39‒42) which was recognised by Schintlmeister & Witt (2015) who raised it to species rank. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105EFFA1C955006F1930C6E2.xml b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105EFFA1C955006F1930C6E2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f3a7b3273ff --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105EFFA1C955006F1930C6E2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ + + + +Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae) + + + +Author + +Mulvaney, Lydia R. J. + +text + + +Metamorphosis + + +2021 + +2021-01-25 + + +32 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.1 + +journal article +10.4314/met.v32i1.1 +2307-5031 + + + + + + + +Cerurina marshalli +( +Hampson, 1910 +) + + + + + +(Figs 1‒7, 9‒17, genitalia +Figs 32‒35 +, 43‒45) + + + + + + + +Cerura marshalli +Hampson, 1910: 456 + + +. + + + + + +Cerurina marshalli +( +Hampson, 1910 +) + +: + +Kiriakoff, 1963: 208 + +. + + + + +Cerurina marshalli marshalli +( +Hampson, 1910 +) + +: Schintlmeister & Witt, 2015: 32. + + + +Name bearing +type +: + + + + + + +Syntype + +( +Fig. 9 +): “// +Cerura +/ marshalli / type + +. Hmpsn. [handwritten] // +Mashonaland +/ +Salisbury +/ bred + +Feb. 1902 + +. [line handwritten] / +G.A.K. Marshall +// Type [circular label with red ring] // Photo by / A. SCHINTLMEISTER / #9.651 [yellow label]//” ( +NHMUK +) + +. + + + +Figure 8 +– Painted images of the cocoon and final instar larva of + +Cerura argentina + +reproduced from Schultze (1916). + + + +Even after considering the possibility of faded red bands, this is substantially different to the original description and primarily the painting of the larva of + +C. argentina + +where the habitus of the larva is described as ‘porcelain white’ or ‘brilliant white’ with some black markings and deep black dots and lines. The similarities in their general body plans is evident, however such marked differences in their colouration and patterning raised the idea that + +marshalli + +and + +argentata + +may differ more than at subspecific level. It has previously been shown in the literature that notodontid larvae, when available, are often a useful tool in separating closely-related species. In one example of a European notodontid, + +Furcula loseri +Schintlmeister & Leipnitz, 2014 + +, the male genitalia do not provide useful characters, but differences in the female genitalia and caterpillar-pattern revealed a cryptic species (Schintlmeister & Leipnitz, 2014). + + +Further investigations were carried out and after dissecting an adult male specimen housed in ANHRT, identified at the time as + +C. marshalli argentata + +from Ivindo National Park, +Gabon +, the same lowland rainforest habitat as the +type +locality of + +argentata + +, there was further support that + +marshalli + +and + +argentata + +were not conspecific or even congeneric due to the marked differences in the male genitalia. This led to the hypothesis that the species occurring in the lowland rainforest in the north-western part of the +Congo +basin is the taxon + +argentata + +and that it is not related to + +C. marshalli +, + +but rather belongs to a different genus, + +Afrocerura +Kiriakoff, 1963 + +, rendering the genus + +Cerurina + +monotypic. This hypothesis is supported by differences observed in larval morphology. In addition it was revealed that + +argentata + +is sympatric with other, confusingly similar + +Afrocerura +species. + +Following morphological studies of the habitus and genitalia of species currently in + +Afrocerura + +and + +Cerurina + +the following taxonomic changes are proposed: + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105EFFA6CA9807E01E26C27A.xml b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105EFFA6CA9807E01E26C27A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fb7b6b46e3b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FC/73/87/FC7387C2105EFFA6CA9807E01E26C27A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,635 @@ + + + +Notes on the life history and taxonomy of Cerurina marshalli (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Cerurinae) + + + +Author + +Mulvaney, Lydia R. J. + +text + + +Metamorphosis + + +2021 + +2021-01-25 + + +32 + + +1 + + +1 +12 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.1 + +journal article +10.4314/met.v32i1.1 +2307-5031 + + + + + + +Genus + +Cerurina +Kiriakoff, 1963 + + + + + + + +Type +species: + +Cerura marshalli +Hampson, 1910 + +by original designation. + + +Additional material examined: +(all +ANHRT +): +ZAMBIA +. +2♀♀ +– +1460 m +, + +Mutinondo Wilderness Area +, +Mpika +, +Northern Province +, +12°27′06″S +, +31°17′30″E +, + +14‒ 17.ii.2019 + +, +General Coll. +, leg. +Dérozier, V. +, +Mulvaney, L. +& +Takano H. +, +ANHRT +:2019.4, unique numbers ANHRTUK00152996, +Gen. +slide +No. LG +5357 + + +and ANHRTUK00152995, Gen. slide No. LG5366 + +; +3♂♂ +, +2♀♀ +– +1147 m +, + +Lukwakwa +, +West Lunga National Park +, ( +Cryptocepalum forest +/ +Dambo +), +12°39′40″S +, +24°26′13″E +, + +9‒15.xi.2018 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Aristophanous, M. +, +Dérozier, V. +, +László, G. +& +Oram, D. +, +ANHRT +:2018.40, unique numbers ANHRTUK00061237, ANHRTUK00061234, ANHRTUK00061232, +Gen. +slide +No. LG +5358 + + +, ANHRTUK00061206, and ANHRTUK00061207, +ANHRT +GEN. SLIDE NO. 00519 + +; +2♂♂ +, +1♀ +– same collecting locality and collectors but collected using LepiLED Light Trap, unique numbers ANHRTUK00063807, ANHRTUK00063860 and ANHRTUK00061386; +1♂ +– +1316 m +, + +Nkwaji +, +Mwinilunga +, +11°36′22″S +, +24°33′17″E +, + +29.x‒3.xi.2013 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +, +Takano, H. +, +Chmurova, L. +& +Smith, L. +, +ANHRT +:2017.10, ANHRTUK00050386 + +; +1♂ +– +1179 m +, + +Greystone +, +Kitwe +, +Copperbelt Province +, +12°55′50″S +, +28°14′29″E +, + +17‒ 18.xi.2014 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +& +Takano, H. +, +ANHRT +:2017.12, ANHRTUK00050387 + +; +1♂ +– +1340 m +, + +Jiwundu Swamp +, +11°51′54″S +, +25°33′20″E +, + +20‒22.x.2014 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +, +Takano, H. +& +Oram, D. +, +ANHRT +:2017.12, ANHRTUK00050388 + +; +3♂♂ +– + +same locality, but collected on + +29.x.‒4.xi.2018 + +by leg. +Aristophanous, M. +, +Dérozier, V. +, +László, G. +& +Oram, D. +, using a +MV Light Trap +, +ANHRT +:2018.40, unique numbers ANHRTUK00052879, ANHRTUK00074702 and ANHRTUK00062773 + +; +2♂♂ +– + +same locality, but collected by leg. +Carter, M. +, +Lloyd, A. +, +Miles, W. +, +Oram, D. +, & +Smith, R. +using a +MV Light Trap +, +ANHRT +:2017.32, unique numbers ANHRTUK00133729 and ANHRTUK00133712 + +; +1♂ +– +1205 m +, + +Zambezi Rapids +, ( +Miombo +/ +Riverine forest +mosaic), +11°7′30″S +24°11′6″E +, leg, +Aristophanous, M. +, +Dérozier, V. +, +László, G. +& +Oram +, D., +ANHRT +:2018.40, ANHRTUK00052908 + +; +1♀ +– +1187 m +, + +Kasanka National Park +, +Kabwe +, +12°32′28″S +, +30°12′42″E +, 30.xi‒1.xii.12, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +, & +Takano, H. +, +ANHRT +:2017.7, ANHRTUK00073574, +Gen. +slide +No. LG +5365 + + + +. +IVORY COAST + +. +2♂♂ +– +1171 m +, + +Mt. Tonkoui Peak +, +07°27′15″N +, +07°38′13″W +, + +1‒8.xi.2015 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Aristophanous, M. +, +Moretto, P. +& +Ruzzier, E. +, +ANHRT +:2017.16, unique numbers ANHRTUK00043082, +ANHRT +GEN. SLIDE NO. 00315 + + +and ANHRTUK00042916, +ANHRT +GEN. + + +SLIDE NO. 00314 + +. + +SIERRA LEONE +. +1♂ +– + +420 m + + +, + +Mansonia village +at the foothills of +Loma Mts. +, +09°07′47″N +, +11°05′06″W +, + +6.vi.2016 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Takano, H. +, +Miles, W. +& +Goff, R. +, +ANHRT +:2017.18, ANHRTUK00014085. +TANZANIA +. +7♂♂ +– + +1761 m + + +, + +Mlangali +, +Livingstone Mts. +, +09°46′52″S +, +34°31′22″E +, + +xii.2012 + +, +MV Light Trap +, leg. +Smith, R. +& +Takano, H. +, +ANHRT +:2018.7, unique numbers ANHRTUK00050390, ANHRTUK00050391, ANHRTUK00050392, ANHRTUK00050393, ANHRTUK00050394, ANHRTUK00050389 and ANHRTUK00081591, +ANHRT +GEN. SLIDE NO. 00520 + + +. + +DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO +. +1♂ +– + +1700 m + + +, + +Kanyatsi +, Nord- +Kivu +, +1°22′S +, +28°59′E +, + +vi.2017 + +, ex +A. Colley +, +ANHRT +:2018.22, ANHRTUK00158203, +Gen. +slide +No. LG +5367 + + +. + + + + +Remarks + + + +Cerurina marshalli + +is a widely distributed species throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. There are some differences in the external morphology of specimens collected in different regions, for example, specimens from western and eastern Africa having a somewhat narrower antemedial fascia with more undulated margins than topotypical specimens. + + +Kiriakoff (1963) +reported that despite the very wide distribution of this species it does not appear to form geographic races. Despite some minor differences in the habitus of examined specimens collected in different regions of Africa, Kiriakoff’s hypothesis probably does stand true, with there being one continuous population throughout. The male genitalia can be variable, especially the position and size of the terminal spines of the socii and the shape of the uncus tip making it difficult to split the different geographic populations, which is in agreement with Kiriakoff’s concept. It cannot be excluded however that genetic analyses could reveal that there are distinct populations, but such analyses were unfortunately beyond the scope of the current paper. + + +It should be emphasised that + +C. marshalli + +can be externally very similar to species in the genus + +Afrocerura + +and that in some regions they are known to be sympatric (see map, +Fig. 47 +). Three species, + +C. marshalli + +, + +A. bifasciata bifasciata + +and + +A. cameroona + +were all recorded from the same light trap over a two day period in Kitwe, +Zambia +and are likely to be sympatric throughout the northern and eastern parts of the country as well. + +C. marshalli + +and + +A. leonensis + +are both known from a similar area in West Africa (see examined material below) and it is hypothesised that they too are sympatric and that further sampling in this region will reveal this. In such instances, dissections may be necessary to confirm identifications. + + + +According to the collecting data, + +C. marshalli + +is on the wing in the wet season. The +syntype +from +Zimbabwe +was collected in February and +other material examined +from +Zambia +was collected in +February +, +October +, +November +and December. In +Ivory Coast +specimens were collected in +November +(end of rains) and in +Sierra Leone +in June. Specimens from +Tanzania +were collected in +December +which for much of the country is the dry season but in the south of +Tanzania +(where the specimens are from) it is the rainy season + +. + + +It is worth noting that Schintlmeister & Witt (2015) refer to a +holotype +female despite Hampson clearly stating in the original description that the type series consisted of +three males +and +six females +. + + + + +Distribution + + + +C. marshalli + +is known to occur in the +Central African Republic +, +Ivory Coast +, +Democratic Republic of Congo +, +Malawi +, +Mozambique +, +Namibia +, +Tanzania +, +Zambia +, +Zimbabwe +and +South Africa +(Schintlmeister & Witt, 2015, De Prins & De Prins, 2019). The records for +Gabon +and +Cameroon +in Schintlmeister & Witt (2015) likely refer to + +Afrocerura cameroona + +(see below). + +Cerurina marshalli + +mainly inhabits dry savannah habitats but also occurs in moist forests of high elevation for example in +Tanzania +and D.R. +Congo +( +Kivu +). Specimens collected recently on ANHRT expeditions from +Sierra Leone +, represent a new country record for this species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file