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<document id="C6269626DBCF3AFC50C4C4115F03803E" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721360289902" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Colombo, Marco" docDate="2006" docId="03F887C26C04FF946747FB6FE7E6F981" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.36.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 36 (36)" docSource="https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2006/iss36/1/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Euscorpius tergestinus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFC1FFBA6C0AFF86664CFF83E60AFFCE" masterDocTitle="New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1721380132514" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BD56EB35E3CEFD06B125DDB26BD5704C">
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<mods:title id="45FE35699BC84DB04FC3731DE81FE8DB">New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D73E7D9A57D2681B2B78CBAA69641A2">Colombo, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1CCC88F75966E735AE35E2D8771F835E">Euscorpius</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="785CD68C9E57CE2523E6F9AAE69DE06F">
|
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<mods:date id="34BB5BF841EB116D833F007D95092EB6">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="82736DAC6BA1D77D25C4083ED7AA849D">2006-12-31</mods:number>
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|
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<mods:number id="8C24DF66D0425C31B28544DB421E9227">36</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EDCC0B521B8BA2907547E3ACB9751CB9" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AE1384ADAE8D75E16E374405EDAC21C2" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F887C26C04FF946747FB6FE7E6F981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887C26C04FF946747FB6FE7E6F981" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887C26C04FF946747FB6FE7E6F981" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" blockId="14.[267,726,1260,1310]" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0A681B86C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" ID-CoL="3D94G" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886747FB6FE4DCFACD" bold="true" box="[267,726,1260,1283]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886747FB6FE40CFACD" bold="true" box="[267,518,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Euscorpius tergestinus</emphasis>
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(C.L. Koch, 1837)
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</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C04FF9467CCFA84E7E6F981" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF8867CCFA84E46BFAD0" blockId="14.[267,726,1260,1310]" box="[384,609,1287,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
(
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||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C04FF8867C5FA84E7F0FAD0" box="[393,506,1287,1310]" captionStart-0="Figure 9" captionStart-1="Figure 10" captionStart-2="Figure 11" captionStartId-0="14.[192,268,1040,1063]" captionStartId-1="15.[192,260,1927,1948]" captionStartId-2="16.[192,268,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1428,192,997]" captionTargetBox-1="[249,1370,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1441,277,1755]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@14.[192,1440,192,997]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@15.[252,1367,171,1896]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@16.[192,1438,280,1752]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="Figure 9: Euscorpius (Euscorpius) tergestinus, adult female, Venezia (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1="Figure 10: Old abandoned fortresses are favorable environments for E. tergestinus in Lubiara (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo)." captionText-2="Figure 11: E. tergestinus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, and Veneto (Italy): 1. Cislano; 2. Lubiara; 3. Ceraino; 4. Venezia; 5. Torrechiara." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6D3036F6C04FF88644BFA84E453FAD0" box="[519,601,1287,1310]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="17.[100,165,1635,1658]" captionText="Table 5: Euscorpius tergestinus: specimen and locality data." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Table 5</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF8866BBFAC2E7EAF929" blockId="14.[192,803,1345,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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In the detailed work of Fet & Soleglad (2002),
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886547FAC2E734FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886547FAC2E734FAB9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. carpathicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L., 1767)
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886787FAE3E452FAB9" box="[459,600,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">sensu stricto</emphasis>
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was restricted to
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CFAFDE729FA5B" box="[192,291,1406,1429]" name="Romania" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Romania</collectingCountry>
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, while some subspecies of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8864C0FAFDE51CFA5B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[652,790,1406,1429]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicus">
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||||
“
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8864D4FAFDE51CFA5B" box="[664,790,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">carpathicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
” complex were elevated to species status. One of these is
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88668DFA3FE75FFA1D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[193,341,1468,1491]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88668DFA3FE75FFA1D" box="[193,341,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which was further reduced by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF8864F8FA3FE721FA3F" author="VIGNOLI" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO & F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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who separated the sibling species
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8864FCFA59E6EFF9DE" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8864FCFA59E6EFF9DE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. concinnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(see below). As accepted now,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88642BFA7AE50BF9DE" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[615,769,1529,1552]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88642BFA7AE50BF9DE" box="[615,769,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found in
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88676DF99BE772F9E1" box="[289,376,1560,1583]" name="Albania" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Albania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867CFF99BE7D8F9E1" box="[387,466,1560,1583]" name="Austria" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Austria</collectingCountry>
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(introduced),
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886426F99BE4B2F9E1" box="[618,696,1560,1583]" name="Croatia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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, southern
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CF9B5E702F983" box="[192,264,1590,1613]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">France</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886757F9B5E764F983" box="[283,366,1590,1613]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Corsica</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867C4F9B5E7D9F983" box="[392,467,1590,1613]" name="Greece" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867A9F9B5E41CF983" box="[485,534,1590,1613]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(mainly north, but also central part, where it is sympatric with
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886424F9D6E4DCF9A2" authorityName="Fonte Isilai, Genna Silana" authorityYear="1017" box="[616,726,1621,1644]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicanus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886424F9D6E4DCF9A2" box="[616,726,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. sicanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886547F9D6E726F945" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886547F9D6E726F945" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. concinnus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886709F9F7E797F945" box="[325,413,1652,1675]" name="Monaco" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Monaco</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8867E1F9F7E427F945" box="[429,557,1652,1675]" name="San Marino" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">San Marino</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886471F9F7E490F945" box="[573,666,1652,1675]" name="Slovenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
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, and maybe
|
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CF911E6F7F967" box="[192,253,1682,1705]" name="Spain" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
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(at French boundary). It also was introduced in
|
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88668CF932E71BF906" box="[192,273,1713,1736]" name="Austria" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and was introduced, but now extinct, in
|
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886493F932E72AF929" name="Czech Republic" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF886762F953E7DEF929" author="FET" box="[302,468,1744,1767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="47 - 59" refId="ref18568" refString="FET, V., M. E. SOLEGLAD & B. GANTENBEIN. 2004. The Euroscorpion: genus Euscorpius (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Proceedings of the 3 d Scorpiology Symposium, American Arachnological Society 28 th Annual Meeting, Norman, Oklahoma, 23 - 27 June 2004. Euscorpius, 17: 47 - 59." type="journal article" year="2004">Fet et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF8866BCF96DE5C8FB0F" blockId="14.[192,803,1345,1889]" lastBlockId="14.[830,1443,1102,1891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
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In
|
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<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF886742F96DE735F8CB" box="[270,319,1774,1797]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886702F96DE7E8F8CB" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[334,482,1774,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
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<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886702F96DE7E8F8CB" box="[334,482,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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is widely distributed through
|
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<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88668DF88EE725F8EA" box="[193,303,1805,1828]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88670CF88EE429F8EA" box="[320,547,1805,1828]" country="Italy" name="Trentino-Alto Adige" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Trentino-Alto Adige</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88647EF88EE517F8EA" box="[562,797,1805,1828]" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF8866A2F8AFE731F88D" box="[238,315,1836,1859]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Veneto</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, while the southeastern boundary of its range is less exactly known (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF8867F7F8C9E404F8AF" box="[443,526,1866,1889]" country="Italy" name="Umbria" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Umbria</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88640BF8C9E492F8AF" box="[583,664,1866,1889]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Marche</collectingRegion>
|
||||
). According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF886511FBCDE24BFBAB" author="VIGNOLI" box="[861,1089,1102,1125]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO & F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, this species is also common in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF886572FBEFE593FB4D" box="[830,921,1132,1155]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Tuscany</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88659FFBEFE22AFB4D" box="[979,1056,1132,1155]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Latium</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. The author studied
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886346FBEFE3AAFB4D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1290,1440,1132,1155]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886346FBEFE3AAFB4D" box="[1290,1440,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88658DFB08E5F8FB6C" box="[961,1010,1163,1186]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88624FFB08E2B4FB6C" box="[1027,1214,1163,1186]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Emilia Romagna</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF886280FB08E331FB6C" box="[1228,1339,1163,1186]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF886300FB08E393FB6C" box="[1356,1433,1163,1186]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Veneto</collectingRegion>
|
||||
; see
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C04FF88652BFB29E5BFFB0F" box="[871,949,1194,1217]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="16.[192,268,1786,1809]" captionTargetBox="[189,1441,277,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-13@16.[192,1438,280,1752]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 11: E. tergestinus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, and Veneto (Italy): 1. Cislano; 2. Lubiara; 3. Ceraino; 4. Venezia; 5. Torrechiara." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF886522FB4BE58BFA1B" blockId="14.[830,1443,1102,1891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Few altitudinal data can be determined from the literature, mainly because
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88621FFB64E2E1FB30" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1107,1259,1255,1278]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88621FFB64E2E1FB30" box="[1107,1259,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was not distinguished by the earlier authors.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF8862C4FA85E33EFAD3" author="FET" box="[1160,1332,1286,1309]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="255 - 256" refId="ref18388" refString="FET, V., M. KUNTNER & B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Fet et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
report (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886573FAA7E5D7FAF5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[831,989,1316,1339]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886573FAA7E5D7FAF5" box="[831,989,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. carpathicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) a maximal altitude of
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF8862AFFAA7E323FAF5" box="[1251,1321,1316,1339]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l. in its northeastern part of its range (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF8862E8FAC0E30DFA94" box="[1188,1287,1347,1370]" name="Slovenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). During this study, most of the specimens was found between sea level (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF8865C4FA03E5B3FA59" box="[904,953,1408,1431]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l., Venice) and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF8862E8FA03E2E5FA59" box="[1188,1263,1408,1431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l., with the maximal altitude near Cislano, Lombardy (about
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C04FF886316FA1CE3A9FA78" box="[1370,1443,1439,1462]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C04FF886522FA5FE5D0F8AD" blockId="14.[830,1443,1102,1891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
The ecological demands of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8862D9FA5FE322FA3D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1173,1320,1500,1523]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8862D9FA5FE322FA3D" box="[1173,1320,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8865FBFA78E22FF9DC" authorityName="Fonte Isilai, Genna Silana" authorityYear="1017" box="[951,1061,1531,1554]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8865FBFA78E22FF9DC" box="[951,1061,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. sicanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF88627FFA78E2CCF9DC" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1075,1222,1531,1554]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF88627FFA78E2CCF9DC" box="[1075,1222,1531,1554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also shows ecological competition with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF886278F999E2CEF9FF" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1076,1220,1562,1585]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF886278F999E2CEF9FF" box="[1076,1220,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. concinnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Author’s observations confirm the data of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C04FF88622DF9BBE341F981" author="VIGNOLI" box="[1121,1355,1592,1615]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO & F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, with a very high percentage (94.4%) of specimens found in abandoned houses or ruins (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C04FF88623FF9F5E2CFF943" box="[1139,1221,1654,1677]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="15.[192,260,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[249,1370,168,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[252,1367,171,1896]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 10: Old abandoned fortresses are favorable environments for E. tergestinus in Lubiara (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo)." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
); there they seemed to colonize both humid and dry rooms. A small fraction (5.6%) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C04FF8865E1F930E24BF904" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[941,1089,1715,1738]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C04FF8865E1F930E24BF904" box="[941,1089,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in and around inhabited houses. However, the walls colonized by this species are usually humid and often covered by moss. An adult male from Ceraino (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C04FF88622AF88CE2BCF8E8" box="[1126,1206,1807,1830]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Veneto</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C04FF88628AF88CE2FDF8E8" box="[1222,1271,1807,1830]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) was observed nearly dead because of low temperatures, on a wall inside a fortress.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C05FF89668CF804E720F87B" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" startId="15.[192,260,1927,1948]" targetBox="[249,1370,168,1899]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C05FF89668CF804E720F87B" blockId="15.[192,1440,1927,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C05FF89668CF804E721F852" bold="true" box="[192,299,1927,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Figure 10:</emphasis>
|
||||
Old abandoned fortresses are favorable environments for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C05FF896522F80BE5FEF852" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[878,1012,1927,1949]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C05FF896522F80BE5FEF852" box="[878,1012,1927,1949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Lubiara (Veneto, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C1AFF96668CF979E7A1F8E4" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" startId="16.[192,268,1786,1809]" targetBox="[189,1441,277,1755]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1AFF96668CF979E7A1F8E4" blockId="16.[192,1441,1786,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF96668CF979E73CF8DF" bold="true" box="[192,310,1786,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figure 11:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1AFF966770F97FE7CBF8DF" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[316,449,1788,1809]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966770F97FE7CBF8DF" box="[316,449,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, and Veneto (Italy):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966273F97FE25BF8DF" bold="true" box="[1087,1105,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Cislano;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF9662E2F97FE2CAF8DF" bold="true" box="[1198,1216,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Lubiara;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966351F97FE325F8DF" bold="true" box="[1309,1327,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ceraino;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF9663C2F97FE3ABF8DF" bold="true" box="[1422,1441,1788,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Venezia;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1AFF966757F896E727F8E4" bold="true" box="[283,301,1813,1834]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Torrechiara.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF976600FE45E666FE2C" blockId="17.[76,108,454,482]" box="[76,108,454,482]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976600FE45E666FE2C" bold="true" box="[76,108,454,482]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">16</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF976334FE46E101FE28" blockId="17.[1400,1803,453,487]" box="[1400,1803,453,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF976334FE46E03FFE29" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[1400,1589,453,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euscorpius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976070FE49E101FE28" bold="true" box="[1596,1803,458,486]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">— 2006, No. 36</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF9766FCFD7FE35FF9F0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<table id="F951C4746C1B007966FCFD7FE0A7F9F0" box="[176,1709,764,1598]" colsContinueIn="22.[140,1739,477,1674]" gridcols="6" gridrows="29" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFD7FE0A7FCDD" box="[176,1709,764,787]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFD7FE6D2FCDD" box="[176,216,764,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FCFD7FE6DDFCDD" bold="true" box="[176,215,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">No.</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FD7FE766FCDD" box="[265,364,764,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF97676DFD7FE75FFCDD" bold="true" box="[289,341,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Date</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FD7FE491FCDD" box="[398,667,764,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767D6FD7FE49AFCDD" bold="true" box="[410,656,764,787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767D6FD7FE482FCDD" bold="true" box="[410,648,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Number of specimens</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FD7FE207FCDD" box="[696,1037,764,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9764B5FD7FE5DBFCDD" bold="true" box="[761,977,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Geographic locality</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFD7FE273FCDD" box="[1058,1145,764,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF97626EFD7FE273FCDD" bold="true" box="[1058,1145,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Altitude</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FD7FE0A7FCDD" box="[1176,1709,764,787]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976321FD7FE3E8FCDD" bold="true" box="[1389,1506,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC98E0A7FCFC" box="[176,1709,795,818]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FC98E491FCFC" box="[398,667,795,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976798FC98E45FFCFC" bold="true" box="[468,597,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">age and sex</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFC98E273FCFC" box="[1058,1145,795,818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF97627BFC98E261FCFC" bold="true" box="[1079,1131,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">a.s.l.</emphasis>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFCB7E0A7FC9C" box="[176,1709,820,850]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFCB7E6D2FC9C" box="[176,216,820,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FCFCB8E6D2FC9C" bold="true" box="[176,216,827,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">109</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FCB7E766FC9C" box="[265,364,820,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">25 April</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FCB7E491FC9C" box="[398,667,820,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FCB7E419FC81" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,820,847]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FCB7E419FC81" box="[398,531,820,847]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FCB7E207FC9C" box="[696,1037,820,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">San Marco Fortress, Lubiara</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFCB7E273FC9C" box="[1058,1145,820,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">451 m</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FCB7E0A7FC9C" box="[1176,1709,820,850]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Two live females were found in cracks of the walls</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFCD6E0A7FCA4" box="[176,1709,853,874]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FCD6E766FCA4" box="[265,364,853,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2005</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FCD6E491FCA4" box="[398,667,853,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(2 adult females, 5 dead</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FCD6E207FCA4" box="[696,1037,853,874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(Verona), Veneto, Italy</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FCD6E0A7FCA4" box="[1176,1709,853,874]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">inside the fortress, in quite dark, cool, and humid</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFCF2E0A7FC48" box="[176,1709,881,902]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FCF2E491FC48" box="[398,667,881,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">specimens undetermined)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FCF2E0A7FC48" box="[1176,1709,881,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">rooms; the remains of other five specimens were found</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC0FE0A7FC6F" box="[176,1709,908,929]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC0FE0A7FC6F" box="[1176,1709,908,929]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">on the ground in long and dark galleries that had no</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC2BE0A7FC73" box="[176,1709,936,957]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC2BE0A7FC73" box="[1176,1709,936,957]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">cracks in the walls; maybe they penetrated there from</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC47E0A7FC17" box="[176,1709,964,985]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC47E0A7FC17" box="[1176,1709,964,985]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">the small openings on a side (observed with UV light)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC58E0A7FC37" box="[176,1709,987,1017]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFC58E6D2FC37" box="[176,216,987,1017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766F1FC61E6C0FC37" bold="true" box="[189,202,994,1017]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">5</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FC58E766FC37" box="[265,364,987,1017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">26 April</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FC58E491FC37" box="[398,667,987,1017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FC58E419FC38" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,987,1014]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FC58E419FC38" box="[398,531,987,1014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FC58E207FC37" box="[696,1037,987,1017]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Scala Contarini del Bovolo, Venice</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFC58E273FC37" box="[1058,1145,987,1017]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2 m</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC58E0A7FC37" box="[1176,1709,987,1017]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Under a flower pot located in a larger flower pot full of</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFC7FE0A7FBDF" box="[176,1709,1020,1041]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FC7FE766FBDF" box="[265,364,1020,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2002</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FC7FE491FBDF" box="[398,667,1020,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 adult female)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FC7FE207FBDF" box="[696,1037,1020,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(Venezia), Veneto, Italy</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FC7FE0A7FBDF" box="[1176,1709,1020,1041]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">clay balls, in a cool and quite humid courtyard</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB90E0A7FBFF" box="[176,1709,1043,1073]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFB90E6D2FBFF" box="[176,216,1043,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FBFB99E6D8FBFF" bold="true" box="[183,210,1050,1073]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">50</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB90E766FBFF" box="[265,364,1043,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">3 May</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB90E491FBFF" box="[398,667,1043,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FB90E419FBE0" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1043,1070]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FB90E419FBE0" box="[398,531,1043,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(?)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB90E207FBFF" box="[696,1037,1043,1073]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">near Cislano (Brescia), Lombardy,</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFB90E273FBFF" box="[1058,1145,1043,1073]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">650 m</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB90E0A7FBFF" box="[1176,1709,1043,1073]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Under a stone in a humid
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9763DCFB90E3E1FBE0" box="[1424,1515,1043,1070]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9763DCFB90E3E1FBE0" box="[1424,1515,1043,1070]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Castanea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forest near a road;
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFBB6E0A7FB84" box="[176,1709,1077,1098]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FBB6E766FB84" box="[265,364,1077,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2003</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FBB6E491FB84" box="[398,667,1077,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 juvenile)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FBB6E207FB84" box="[696,1037,1077,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Italy</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FBB6E0A7FB84" box="[1176,1709,1077,1098]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">doubtful identification due to small size and premature</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFBD3E0A7FBAB" box="[176,1709,1104,1125]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FBD3E0A7FBAB" box="[1176,1709,1104,1125]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">death in captivity</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFBEBE0A7FB48" box="[176,1709,1128,1158]" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFBEBE6D2FB48" box="[176,216,1128,1158]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766F1FBECE6C0FB48" bold="true" box="[189,202,1135,1158]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">4</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FBEBE766FB48" box="[265,364,1128,1158]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">19 May</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FBEBE491FB48" box="[398,667,1128,1158]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FBEBE419FB4D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1128,1155]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FBEBE419FB4D" box="[398,531,1128,1155]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FBEBE207FB48" box="[696,1037,1128,1158]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Torrechiara (Parma),</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFBEBE273FB48" box="[1058,1145,1128,1158]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">265 m</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FBEBE0A7FB48" box="[1176,1709,1128,1158]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Behind a door in a warm and dry room of a castle</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB0AE0A7FB50" box="[176,1709,1161,1182]" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB0AE766FB50" box="[265,364,1161,1182]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2002</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB0AE491FB50" box="[398,667,1161,1182]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 adult male)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB0AE207FB50" box="[696,1037,1161,1182]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Emilia Romagna,</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB27E0A7FB77" box="[176,1709,1188,1209]" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB27E207FB77" box="[696,1037,1188,1209]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Italy</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB3FE0A7FB14" box="[176,1709,1212,1242]" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFB3FE6D2FB14" box="[176,216,1212,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FCFB40E6D2FB14" bold="true" box="[176,216,1219,1242]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">115</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB3FE766FB14" box="[265,364,1212,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">26 June</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB3FE491FB14" box="[398,667,1212,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FB3FE419FB19" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1212,1239]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FB3FE419FB19" box="[398,531,1212,1239]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB3FE207FB14" box="[696,1037,1212,1242]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ceraino Fortress, Ceraino</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFB3FE273FB14" box="[1058,1145,1212,1242]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">236 m</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB3FE0A7FB14" box="[1176,1709,1212,1242]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">The male was found in a wall crack, in a humid, dark</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB5EE0A7FB3C" box="[176,1709,1245,1266]" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FB5EE766FB3C" box="[265,364,1245,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2005</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB5EE491FB3C" box="[398,667,1245,1266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(1 adult male, 1 juv., 2 dead</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FB5EE207FB3C" box="[696,1037,1245,1266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(Verona), Veneto, Italy</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB5EE0A7FB3C" box="[1176,1709,1245,1266]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">and cool room; the juvenile was found under a stone in</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFB7BE0A7FAC3" box="[176,1709,1272,1293]" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FB7BE491FAC3" box="[398,667,1272,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">adult females, remains of at</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FB7BE0A7FAC3" box="[1176,1709,1272,1293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">an underground room, cool and humid; dead specimens</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA97E0A7FAE7" box="[176,1709,1300,1321]" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FA97E491FAE7" box="[398,667,1300,1321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">least 4 undetermined</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA97E0A7FAE7" box="[1176,1709,1300,1321]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">were found all over the fortress, on the ground; only</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAB3E0A7FA8B" box="[176,1709,1328,1349]" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FAB3E491FA8B" box="[398,667,1328,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">specimens)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAB3E0A7FA8B" box="[1176,1709,1328,1349]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">some remains were found in the wall crack under the</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAC8E0A7FAAE" box="[176,1709,1355,1376]" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAC8E0A7FAAE" box="[1176,1709,1355,1376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">one inhabited by the living male (cannibalism?)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAE4E0A7FAB2" box="[176,1709,1383,1404]" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAE4E0A7FAB2" box="[1176,1709,1383,1404]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">(observed with UV light)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFAFDE0A7FA7B" box="[176,1709,1406,1461]" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<th id="76B05DEA6C1B007966FCFAFDE6D2FA7B" box="[176,216,1406,1461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9766FBFA06E6D8FA52" bold="true" box="[183,210,1413,1436]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">77</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FAFDE766FA7B" box="[265,364,1406,1461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">18 December</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007967C2FAFDE491FA7B" box="[398,667,1406,1461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF9767C2FAFDE419FA57" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[398,531,1406,1433]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF9767C2FAFDE419FA57" box="[398,531,1406,1433]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1 adult male)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007964F4FAFDE207FA7B" box="[696,1037,1406,1461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ceraino Fortress, Ceraino (Verona), Veneto, Italy</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B0079626EFAFDE273FA7B" box="[1058,1145,1406,1461]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">236 m</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FAFDE0A7FA7B" box="[1176,1709,1406,1461]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
On a wall, inside an abandoned Hlawaty fortress, surrounded by a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF976375FA19E380FA7B" box="[1337,1418,1434,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976375FA19E380FA7B" box="[1337,1418,1434,1461]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forest.
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA38E0A7FA1E" box="[176,1709,1467,1488]" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B00796745FA38E766FA1E" box="[265,364,1467,1488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2003</td>
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA38E0A7FA1E" box="[1176,1709,1467,1488]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Inside the fortress, rooms have different degree of light</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA54E0A7FA22" box="[176,1709,1495,1516]" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA54E0A7FA22" box="[1176,1709,1495,1516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">and humidity, due to their geographic exposure: the</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCFA71E0A7F9C9" box="[176,1709,1522,1543]" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4FA71E0A7F9C9" box="[1176,1709,1522,1543]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">room with the scorpion (that was found nearly dead</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCF98DE0A7F9ED" box="[176,1709,1550,1571]" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4F98DE0A7F9ED" box="[1176,1709,1550,1571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">maybe due to the low temperature, 1°C) was not very</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="356134966C1B007966FCF9AAE0A7F9F0" box="[176,1709,1577,1598]" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||||
<td id="76B05DEA6C1B007962D4F9AAE0A7F9F0" box="[1176,1709,1577,1598]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">humid but had light</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C1BFF976628F9E0E4BCF9B4" box="[100,694,1631,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" startId="17.[100,165,1635,1658]" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C1BFF976628F9E0E4BCF9B4" blockId="17.[100,694,1631,1658]" box="[100,694,1631,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976628F9E0E6C8F9B4" bold="true" box="[100,194,1635,1658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Table 5:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C1BFF976684F9DCE7AEF9B4" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[200,420,1631,1658]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C1BFF976684F9DCE7AEF9B4" box="[200,420,1631,1658]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Euscorpius tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: specimen and locality data.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C18FF9466BCFF44E7FAFB99" blockId="18.[192,804,199,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF9466BCFF44E7DBFF10" author="VIGNOLI" box="[240,465,199,222]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO & F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported the unusual case of a specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946707FF65E7D4FF33" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[331,478,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946707FF65E7D4FF33" box="[331,478,230,253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Sistiana (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C18FF9464C8FF65E70FFED5" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C18FF946758FE87E74CFED5" box="[276,326,260,283]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) found in a natural habitat, and suggested this is due to the presence there of the larger
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9464F9FEA0E52BFEF4" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[693,801,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9464F9FEA0E52BFEF4" box="[693,801,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that would occupy anthropogenic habitats. Larger species usually occupy most favorable habitats against smaller species, then segregated to harder environmental conditions (Polis & McCormick, 1987; quoted after
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF94654CFE1DE780FE1D" author="VIGNOLI" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO & F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This kind of interaction, observed with other pairs of sympatric and sometimes syntopic species, was noticed once by the author in Ceraino (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C18FF9464B4FE79E6FBFDE1" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Veneto</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C18FF9466B7FD9BE73AFDE1" box="[251,304,536,559]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). Several
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9467D5FD9BE426FDE1" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[409,556,536,559]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9467D5FD9BE426FDE1" box="[409,556,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens were found inside an abandoned fortress, while an adult female (maybe pregnant) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9467E9FDD5E418FDA3" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[421,530,598,621]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9467E9FDD5E418FDA3" box="[421,530,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found under a stone next to the path leading to the fortress. We can only suggest that other specimens could be inhabiting cracks in the rocky cliff; however, no other scorpions were found under stones. In this case the larger species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9464E0FD53E511FD29" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[684,795,720,743]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9464E0FD53E511FD29" box="[684,795,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, would occupy the most favorable habitat, considered by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF94668EFC8DE7AEFCEB" author="VIGNOLI" box="[194,420,782,805]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref19326" refString="VIGNOLI, V., N. SALOMONE, T. CARUSO & F. BERNINI. 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 244 (2): 97 - 114." type="journal article" year="2005">Vignoli et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as the anthropogenic one. It could be that rocky cliffs are more ecologically favorable than abandoned buildings. The cliffs are heated considerably to convection by the stone, but they are also drier due to their exposure to sunlight. On the contrary abandoned buildings are not sufficiently heated (especially in underground portions); however, they have a quite stable range of temperatures and humidity during the year. Protection from predators should be similar in both habitats, mainly due to the similar way of life of scorpions, which occupy cracks in both cases.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C18FF9466BCFBDCE4A1FA9D" blockId="18.[192,804,199,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
As indicated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C18FF9467EEFBDCE448FBB8" author="CRUCITTI" box="[418,578,1119,1142]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and by observations in this study (see below),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946793FBFDE445FB5B" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[479,591,1150,1173]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946793FBFDE445FB5B" box="[479,591,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a thermophilous species, more tolerant to water scarcity than other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF9464BDFB1DE765FB1B" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF9464BDFB1DE71AFB1B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Euscorpius</emphasis>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
In this case it could be that this larger species occupied its most favorable habitat, the hotter and drier one (rocky cliffs), while the smaller one (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946547FB7EE73FFAFD" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946547FB7EE73FFAFD" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) occupied the remaining habitat that, however, is preferred by most
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946794FABFE4A1FA9D" box="[472,683,1340,1363]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946794FABFE45AFA9D" box="[472,592,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Euscorpius</emphasis>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C18FF9466BCFAD8E7E6F981" blockId="18.[192,804,199,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
Regarding intraspecific relations, inside the same fortress some scorpion remains (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C18FF946470FAF8E4DCFA5C" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[572,726,1403,1426]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tergestinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C18FF946470FAF8E4DCFA5C" box="[572,726,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tergestinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) were found on the ground under the shelter of an adult male (maybe the result of cannibalism). During this study, males were not found together with live females; only, in a fortress in Ceraino (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C18FF946781FA7AE416F9DE" box="[461,540,1529,1552]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Veneto</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C18FF946465FA7AE450F9DE" box="[553,602,1529,1552]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; June), live males were found in same room with females’ remains, that, however, were not very old.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
224
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Normal file
224
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Normal file
|
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@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
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<mods:url id="9157D85913E90806C9EE89D15F2E0041">https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2006/iss36/1/</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2D9AB85349B335AC50E0047D2E26E38B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="4CFD55903E9B9BDD5EDD5435F6002949" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A7331DF7B3083EACA7840C2B2E657047" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03F887C26C0EFF816766F934E101FE51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887C26C0EFF816766F934E101FE51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887C26C0EFF816766F934E101FE51" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" blockId="4.[298,696,1719,1772]" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A681B86C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" authority="Caporiacco, 1950" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" bold="true" box="[298,696,1719,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826766F934E7E6F900" bold="true" box="[298,492,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Euscorpius alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8267BEF934E4B2F900" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[498,696,1719,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C0EFF8267CBF956E32DF8AA" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF8267CBF956E450F922" blockId="4.[298,696,1719,1772]" box="[391,602,1749,1772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C0EFF8267C3F956E7FFF922" box="[399,501,1749,1772]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="4.[192,268,1042,1065]" captionStartId-1="5.[192,268,1921,1944]" captionStartId-2="6.[192,268,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1443,189,1000]" captionTargetBox-1="[261,1382,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1441,189,1661]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@4.[192,1440,192,997]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@5.[264,1379,171,1896]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@6.[192,1438,192,1658]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Figure 1: Euscorpius (Alpiscorpius) alpha, adult female, Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1="Figure 2: E. alpha forest habitat in Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo)." captionText-2="Figure 3: E. alpha collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland): 1. Monte Caslano; 2. Monte San Giorgio; 3. Campione d’Italia; 4. Romagnano Sesia; 5. Monte Isola; 6. Cislano; 7. Sombreno; 8. Piani Resinelli; 9. Colico; 10. Brunate; 11. Eupilio." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6D3036F6C0EFF82644DF956E45BF922" box="[513,593,1749,1772]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="7.[76,141,1706,1729]" captionText="Table 3: Euscorpius alpha: specimen and locality data." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF8266BCF88CE213FB4A" blockId="4.[192,802,1807,1892]" lastBlockId="4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
Described as a subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826468F88CE4F0F8E8" box="[548,762,1807,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="germanus" subSpecies="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826468F88CE4F0F8E8" box="[548,762,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF82668CF8ADE785F88B" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[192,399,1838,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, this taxon was elevated to species status by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826776F8CEE46AF8AA" author="GANTENBEIN" box="[314,608,1869,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="843 - 869" refId="ref18728" refString="GANTENBEIN, B., V. FET, M. BARKER & A. SCHOLL. 2000. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal the existence of two parapatric scorpion species in the Alps: Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and E. alpha Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 107: 843 - 869." type="journal article" year="2000">Gantenbein et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; their molecular analysis showed a 7% DNA divergence between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF82631AFBCDE58EFB4A" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF82631AFBCDE58EFB4A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF8265F4FBEEE218FB4A" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[952,1042,1133,1156]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF8265F4FBEEE218FB4A" box="[952,1042,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF826522FB08E35FF99E" blockId="4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
This species is found only in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF8262FEFB08E2E9FB6C" box="[1202,1251,1163,1186]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826350FB08E393FB6C" box="[1308,1433,1163,1186]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826512FB29E59BFB0F" box="[862,913,1194,1217]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, it is recorded from the north (Alpine and Prealpine mountain ranges), as far eastward as Adige River (
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C0EFF826509FB64E265FB30" box="[837,1135,1255,1278]" country="Italy" name="Trentino-Alto Adige" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Trentino-Alto Adige region</collectingRegion>
|
||||
); beyond this river it is substituted by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826588FA85E32EFAD3" authority="(Marcuzzi, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Marcuzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[964,1316,1286,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826588FA85E258FAD3" box="[964,1106,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826224FA85E316FAD3" author="MARCUZZI" box="[1128,1308,1286,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref19018" refString="MARCUZZI, G. 1961. Supplemento alla fauna delle Dolomiti (aggiunte e commenti). Scorpiones. pp 12 et 94. Memorie / Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Classe di Scienze Matematiche e Naturali, 32 (2): 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1961">Marcuzzi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It is also abundant in southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826278FAA6E2B9FAF2" box="[1076,1203,1317,1340]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826284FAA6E396FAF2" author="BRAUNWALDER" box="[1224,1436,1317,1340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="325 - 344" refId="ref17785" refString="BRAUNWALDER, M. E. 2001. Scorpions of Switzerland: summary of a faunistic survey. Pp. 325 - 344 in: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (editors): Scorpions 2001. In memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Braunwalder, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF826572FAC0E572FA94" author="BRAUNWALDER" box="[830,888,1347,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref17844" refString="BRAUNWALDER, M. E. 2005. Fauna Helvetica 13. Scorpiones (Arachnida). Centre suisse de cartographie de la Faune / Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft, Neuchatel, 240 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8265D2FAC0E270FA94" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[926,1146,1347,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported it from the Lombardian Prealps, as far as Brembo River; also, he mentions some localities from Piedmont for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826301FA02E5B5FA78" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="germanus" subSpecies="beta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826301FA02E5B5FA78" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. germanus beta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that now is a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF82634FFA1CE369FA78" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[1283,1379,1439,1462]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF82634FFA1CE369FA78" box="[1283,1379,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The maps of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8265EAFA3DE241FA1B" author="CRUCITTI" box="[934,1099,1470,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
show numerous records from eastern Lombardy, and less from western Lombardy, Piedmont, and Valle d’Aosta.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0EFF8262DDFA78E3AAF9DC" author="GANTENBEIN" box="[1169,1440,1531,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="843 - 869" refId="ref18728" refString="GANTENBEIN, B., V. FET, M. BARKER & A. SCHOLL. 2000. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal the existence of two parapatric scorpion species in the Alps: Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and E. alpha Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 107: 843 - 869." type="journal article" year="2000">Gantenbein et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
report several Italian localities, especially from Bergamascan Prealps, and also some Swiss localities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0EFF826522F9D4E32DF8AA" blockId="4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
In this study, localities from both
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826293F9D4E31AF9A0" box="[1247,1296,1623,1646]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF82630BF9D4E566F943" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C0EFF826537F9F5E5B0F943" box="[891,954,1654,1677]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[192,268,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[189,1441,189,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[192,1438,192,1658]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3: E. alpha collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland): 1. Monte Caslano; 2. Monte San Giorgio; 3. Campione d’Italia; 4. Romagnano Sesia; 5. Monte Isola; 6. Cislano; 7. Sombreno; 8. Piani Resinelli; 9. Colico; 10. Brunate; 11. Eupilio." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
) where surveyed in order to obtain a detailed picture of ecological conditions across the range of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF8263C5F916E571F904" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF8263C5F916E571F904" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF8265FEF930E5ECF904" box="[946,998,1715,1738]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, this species was found by the author eastward from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C0EFF8265A7F951E25BF927" box="[1003,1105,1746,1769]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(Romagnano Sesia) in many localities within
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C0EFF82624CF972E265F8C6" box="[1024,1135,1777,1800]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(as far as Lake Iseo). In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C0EFF826572F88CE5B4F8E8" box="[830,958,1807,1830]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0EFF826599F88CE230F8E8" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[981,1082,1807,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0EFF826599F88CE230F8E8" box="[981,1082,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was studied in two localities (Monte San Giorgio and Monte Caslano), and in a small (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C0EFF82650BF8CEE59BF8AA" box="[839,913,1869,1892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="1.7">1.7 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="7C249B9C6C0EFF8265DDF8C4E590F898" attach="left" box="[913,922,1863,1878]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">2</superScript>
|
||||
) Italian enclave (Campione d’Italia).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C0FFF83668CF802E23EF856" box="[192,1076,1921,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[192,268,1921,1944]" targetBox="[261,1382,168,1899]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0FFF83668CF802E23EF856" blockId="5.[192,1076,1921,1944]" box="[192,1076,1921,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0FFF83668CF802E723F856" bold="true" box="[192,297,1921,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figure 2:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0FFF836763F800E775F859" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[303,383,1922,1944]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0FFF836763F800E775F859" box="[303,383,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
forest habitat in Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C0CFF80668CF925E781F920" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" startId="6.[192,268,1702,1725]" targetBox="[189,1441,189,1661]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0CFF80668CF925E781F920" blockId="6.[192,1442,1702,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF80668CF925E726F973" bold="true" box="[192,300,1702,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figure 3:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF806779F924E780F972" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[309,394,1703,1724]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806779F924E780F972" box="[309,394,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806215F924E260F972" bold="true" box="[1113,1130,1703,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Monte Caslano;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806355F924E321F972" bold="true" box="[1305,1323,1703,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Monte San Giorgio;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806755F943E721F91B" bold="true" box="[281,299,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Campione d’Italia;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8067BFF943E40FF91B" bold="true" box="[499,517,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Romagnano Sesia;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806486F943E4D6F91B" bold="true" box="[714,732,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Monte Isola;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806524F943E570F91B" bold="true" box="[872,890,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Cislano;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806595F943E5E6F91B" bold="true" box="[985,1004,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sombreno;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806228F943E27CF91B" bold="true" box="[1124,1142,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Piani Resinelli;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806357F943E324F91B" bold="true" box="[1307,1326,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Colico;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8063C8F943E3A8F91B" bold="true" box="[1412,1442,1728,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">10.</emphasis>
|
||||
Brunate;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF806755F95AE73DF920" bold="true" box="[281,311,1753,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">11.</emphasis>
|
||||
Eupilio.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C0CFF8166BCF897E656FE55" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0CFF8066BCF897E392F8A6" blockId="6.[192,802,1812,1896]" lastBlockId="6.[830,1441,1812,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8066BCF897E747F8E5" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[240,333,1812,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8066BCF897E747F8E5" box="[240,333,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is usually found in mountainous areas (up to
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C0CFF806690F8B1E724F887" box="[220,302,1842,1865]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l.;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0CFF806739F8B1E400F887" author="CRUCITTI" box="[373,522,1842,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) or even in hilly areas, so it could be defined as orophilous (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C0CFF806476F8D2E4C5F8A6" author="CRUCITTI" box="[570,719,1873,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Ecology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8065C3F897E5E6F8E5" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" box="[911,1004,1812,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8065C3F897E5E6F8E5" box="[911,1004,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. alpha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
seems to be similar to that of other related European species, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8062F5F8B1E34DF887" baseAuthorityName="Marcuzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1209,1351,1842,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8062F5F8B1E34DF887" box="[1209,1351,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. germanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0CFF8063C5F8B1E587F8A6" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0CFF8063C5F8B1E587F8A6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. gamma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; the last species was found down to the sea level
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0DFF816600FEFCE656FE55" blockId="7.[76,92,383,411]" box="[76,92,383,411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0DFF816600FEFCE656FE55" bold="true" box="[76,92,383,411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">6</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C0DFF816334FEFDE101FE51" box="[1400,1803,382,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C0DFF816334FEFDE101FE51" blockId="7.[1400,1803,382,416]" box="[1400,1803,382,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C0DFF816334FEFDE03FFE6E" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[1400,1589,382,416]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euscorpius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C0DFF816070FE00E101FE51" bold="true" box="[1596,1803,387,415]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">— 2006, No. 36</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
278
data/03/F8/87/03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0.xml
Normal file
278
data/03/F8/87/03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="D1D7908D9FEDB4B3D10F855CF2907B54">
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<mods:title id="E1575EEE5B84559C7BD921AEE9D189E9">New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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|
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|
||||
<mods:title id="892A288939A20B3110EA9EDF56AA125A">Euscorpius</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="85B42C56AAE449BC9C8E12EA58C3B79D">
|
||||
<mods:date id="C6DE04E0AB4B38E2B4BD02E0A4C963D4">2006</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="24094A7C6B2221B9EE1C4E9DF5CA2E0E" type="pubDate">
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<mods:classification id="A6ABAC5489953FF51A6CE75CCE196CBB">journal article</mods:classification>
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="221BCF2184751D3604DD124F2845E160" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
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||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887C26C12FF9A65FDFD6CE106FEA0" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" box="[945,1326,751,774]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" blockId="24.[945,1326,751,805]" box="[945,1326,751,774]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A681B86C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" box="[945,1326,751,774]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" ID-CoL="3D93R" authority="(Herbst, 1800)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[945,1326,751,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E65FDFD6CE324FCC8" bold="true" box="[945,1326,751,774]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E65FDFD6CE28EFCC8" bold="true" box="[945,1156,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Euscorpius italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Herbst, 1800)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9E65B4FC8DE2ECFCEB" box="[1016,1254,782,805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E65B4FC8DE2ECFCEB" blockId="24.[945,1326,751,805]" box="[1016,1254,782,805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C12FF9E624DFC8DE288FCEB" box="[1025,1154,782,805]" captionStart-0="Figure 17" captionStart-1="Figure 18" captionStart-2="Figure 19" captionStart-3="Figure 20" captionStartId-0="25.[192,268,999,1022]" captionStartId-1="25.[192,268,1898,1921]" captionStartId-2="26.[192,268,1922,1945]" captionStartId-3="27.[192,268,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1443,165,976]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1443,1064,1875]" captionTargetBox-2="[274,1395,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1441,251,1707]" captionTargetId-0="figure-7@25.[192,1440,168,973]" captionTargetId-1="figure-34@25.[192,1440,1067,1872]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@26.[277,1392,171,1896]" captionTargetId-3="figure-8@27.[192,1438,254,1704]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="26" captionTargetPageId-3="27" captionText-0="Figure 17: Euscorpius (Polytrichobothrius) italicus, subadult female, Busto Arsizio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1="Figure 18: A subadult female of E. italicus surprised catching a caterpillar (Malacosoma neustria) in Peschiera Maraglio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-2="Figure 19: High rocky cliffs are the most favorable environment for thermophylous species as E. italicus (Peschiera Maraglio, Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-3="Figure 20: E. italicus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy): 1. Fermo; 2. Monte Isola; 3. Cislano; 4. Campo; 5. Ceraino; 6. Varallo Pombia; 7. Cernobbio; 8. Isola Comacina; 9. Onno; 10. Cittiglio; 11. Busto Arsizio; 12. Montichiari; 13. Ferrara; 14. Felino; 15. Montechiarugolo; 16. Torrechiara; 17. San Pietro in Cerro; 18. Castell’Arquato." pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Figs. 17–20</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6D3036F6C12FF9E62C0FC8DE2D7FCEB" box="[1164,1245,782,805]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="28.[76,141,1751,1774]" captionText="Table 7: Euscorpius italicus: specimen and locality data (continued on next page)." pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9E6522FCC8E325F973" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522FCC8E269FA67" blockId="24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6522FCC8E5D1FCAC" ID-CoL="3D93R" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[878,987,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6522FCC8E5D1FCAC" box="[878,987,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the largest species in the genus, and the largest scorpion species found in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E62EFFCE9E2DCFC4F" box="[1187,1238,874,897]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, reaching about
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E63CAFCE9E56DFC51" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length. It is recorded from southern Europe and southwestern Asia:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E625DFC24E262FC70" box="[1041,1128,935,958]" name="Albania" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Albania</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E623FFC24E2C8FC70" box="[1139,1218,935,958]" name="Croatia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6283FC24E312FC70" box="[1231,1304,935,958]" name="France" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(introduced;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6572FC45E5C1FC13" author="SIMON" box="[830,971,966,989]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="79 - 115" refId="ref19203" refString="SIMON, E. 1879. Les Arachnides de France, Tome 7. Libr. Encycl. de Roret, Paris, 332 pp. (3 eme ordre: Scorpiones, Pp 79 - 115)." type="book chapter" year="1879">Simon, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6599FC45E29FFC13" author="KINZELBACH" box="[981,1173,966,989]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="49 - 66" refId="ref18872" refString="KINZELBACH, R. 1982. Die Skorpionssammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums der Stadt Mainz. - Teil I. Europa und Anatolie. Mainzer Naturwisserschaftiches Archiv, 20: 49 - 66." type="journal article" year="1982">Kinzelbach, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Lacroix, 1991),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6302FC45E390FC13" box="[1358,1434,966,989]" name="Greece" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, northern and center
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E626CFC67E25EFC35" box="[1056,1108,996,1019]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E622EFC67E2D1FC35" box="[1122,1243,996,1019]" name="Macedonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E62A5FC67E349FC35" box="[1257,1347,996,1019]" name="Monaco" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Monaco</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E631EFC67E577FBD4" name="Serbia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E65DEFB80E5F8FBD4" box="[914,1010,1027,1050]" name="Romania" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(introduced), southwestern European
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6572FBA1E582FBF7" box="[830,904,1058,1081]" name="Russia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E65DAFBA1E213FBF7" box="[918,1049,1058,1081]" name="San Marino" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">San Marino</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E626BFBA1E28EFBF7" box="[1063,1156,1058,1081]" name="Slovenia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(only coastal area;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E632DFBA1E5ABFB99" author="FET" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="255 - 256" refId="ref18388" refString="FET, V., M. KUNTNER & B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Fet et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6264FBC3E2A0FB99" box="[1064,1194,1088,1111]" name="Switzerland" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, European and Asian
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6572FBDCE585FBB8" box="[830,911,1119,1142]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; it was also introduced in northern Africa (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E632EFBDCE557FB5B" name="Algeria" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6526FBFDE5B6FB5B" box="[874,956,1150,1173]" name="Tunisia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) and Middle East (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E62C1FBFDE2B6FB5B" box="[1165,1212,1150,1173]" name="Iraq" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6286FBFDE31DFB5B" box="[1226,1303,1150,1173]" name="Yemen" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) (Fet & Sissom, 2000). In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E65A6FB1FE211FB7D" box="[1002,1051,1180,1203]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6267FB1FE291FB7D" ID-CoL="3D93R" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1067,1179,1180,1203]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6267FB1FE291FB7D" box="[1067,1179,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is common in northern and center regions, from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E622AFB38E2C6FB1C" box="[1126,1228,1211,1234]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6343FB38E374FB1C" box="[1295,1406,1211,1234]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6572FB59E581FB3F" box="[830,907,1242,1265]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Latium</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(excluding
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6255FB59E266FB3F" box="[1049,1132,1242,1265]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Liguria</collectingRegion>
|
||||
), and also on the Adriatic coast along Apennines from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6235FB7BE355FAC1" box="[1145,1375,1272,1295]" country="Italy" name="Friuli-Venezia Giulia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</collectingRegion>
|
||||
south to
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E652AFA94E5BAFAE0" box="[870,944,1303,1326]" country="Italy" name="Molise" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Molise</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and Abruzzi (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E622BFA94E339FAE0" author="CAPORIACCO" box="[1127,1331,1303,1326]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6304FA94E579FA83" author="CRUCITTI" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The author studied this species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E634DFAB5E338FA83" box="[1281,1330,1334,1357]" name="Italy" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
from five different regions:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E624DFAD7E2B0FAA5" box="[1025,1210,1364,1387]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Emilia Romagna</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E628BFAD7E33CFAA5" box="[1223,1334,1364,1387]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(where it was already recorded by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6216FAF0E2E2FA44" author="PAVESI" box="[1114,1256,1395,1418]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="789 - 817" refId="ref19069" refString="PAVESI, P. 1878. Saggio di una fauna arachnologica del Varesotto. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 21: 789 - 817." type="journal article" year="1878">Pavesi, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E634CFAF0E36CFA44" box="[1280,1382,1395,1418]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E6334FAF0E566FA67" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Veneto</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C12FF9E65EBFA11E5F2FA67" box="[935,1016,1426,1449]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Marche</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C12FF9E624AFA11E25EFA67" box="[1030,1108,1426,1449]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="27.[192,268,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[189,1441,251,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[192,1438,254,1704]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 20: E. italicus collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy): 1. Fermo; 2. Monte Isola; 3. Cislano; 4. Campo; 5. Ceraino; 6. Varallo Pombia; 7. Cernobbio; 8. Isola Comacina; 9. Onno; 10. Cittiglio; 11. Busto Arsizio; 12. Montichiari; 13. Ferrara; 14. Felino; 15. Montechiarugolo; 16. Torrechiara; 17. San Pietro in Cerro; 18. Castell’Arquato." pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522FA33E325F973" blockId="24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
The altitudinal preference of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E62F2FA33E33BFA09" ID-CoL="3D93R" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1214,1329,1456,1479]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E62F2FA33E33BFA09" box="[1214,1329,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
seems to range between 0 and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E6261FA4CE27EFA28" box="[1069,1140,1487,1510]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l., while higher records are maybe due to its recent dispersal through human activities (Vachon, 1952, 1983; Fet & Gruodis, 1987, after
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E6573F9A8E235F98C" author="GANTENBEIN" box="[831,1087,1579,1602]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="13 - 43" refId="ref18803" refString="GANTENBEIN, B., M. E. SOLEGLAD, V. FET, P. CRUCITTI & E. V. FET. 2002. Euscorpius naupliensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) from Greece: elevation to the species level justified by molecular and morphological data. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 6: 13 - 43." type="journal article" year="2002">Gantenbein et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C12FF9E6235F9A8E2DCF98C" box="[1145,1238,1579,1602]" name="Slovenia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C12FF9E62ABF9A8E39AF98C" author="FET" box="[1255,1424,1579,1602]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="255 - 256" refId="ref18388" refString="FET, V., M. KUNTNER & B. SKET. 2001. Scorpions of Slovenia: a faunistic and biogeographical survey. Pp. 255 - 256. In: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (eds.): Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society: Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type="book chapter" year="2001">Fet et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), the highest record was ca.
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E623AF9C9E2CAF9AF" box="[1142,1216,1610,1633]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l. In this study, most of the specimens was found between sea level and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E650CF904E58EF950" box="[832,900,1671,1694]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l., with the highest collecting site (
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD5D6C12FF9E6366F904E572F973" count="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
) in Cislano, Lombardy (ca.
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA99B316C12FF9E62E8F925E2E2F973" box="[1188,1256,1702,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
|
||||
a.s.l.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C12FF9A6522F947E106FEA0" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C12FF9E6522F947E393F8BB" blockId="24.[830,1442,843,1909]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
Most of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6597F947E25BF915" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[987,1105,1732,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6597F947E25BF915" box="[987,1105,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were found on rocky cliffs (50.6%) and near or inside buildings, mostly abandoned (39.2%) but also inhabited (8.9%). This species is highly thermophilous and seems to be the most tolerant to water scarcity: indeed, lots of specimens can be found in sun-exposed dry rocky cliffs. At the same time,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C12FF9E6360F8DDE393F8BB" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1324,1433,1886,1909]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C12FF9E6360F8DDE393F8BB" box="[1324,1433,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C13FF9F668CFC64E723FBD9" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" startId="25.[192,268,999,1022]" targetBox="[189,1443,165,976]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C13FF9F668CFC64E723FBD9" blockId="25.[192,1441,999,1047]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F668CFC64E731FC30" bold="true" box="[192,315,999,1022]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Figure 17:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C13FF9F670BFC6AE4DCFC33" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[327,726,1000,1022]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus" subGenus="Polytrichobothrius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F670BFC6AE4DCFC33" box="[327,726,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Euscorpius (Polytrichobothrius) italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, subadult female, Busto Arsizio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C13FF9F668CF8E9E484F854" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" startId="25.[192,268,1898,1921]" targetBox="[189,1443,1064,1875]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C13FF9F668CF8E9E484F854" blockId="25.[192,1440,1898,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F668CF8E9E731F84F" bold="true" box="[192,315,1898,1921]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Figure 18:</emphasis>
|
||||
A subadult female of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C13FF9F646AF8EFE486F84E" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[550,652,1899,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F646AF8EFE486F84E" box="[550,652,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
surprised catching a caterpillar (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C13FF9F6591F8E8E2B9F84F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[989,1203,1899,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Malacosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neustria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C13FF9F6591F8E8E2B9F84F" box="[989,1203,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Malacosoma neustria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) in Peschiera Maraglio (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C10FF9C668CF801E48CF87C" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" startId="26.[192,268,1922,1945]" targetBox="[274,1395,168,1899]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C10FF9C668CF801E48CF87C" blockId="26.[192,1440,1922,1970]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C10FF9C668CF801E73DF857" bold="true" box="[192,311,1922,1945]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figure 19:</emphasis>
|
||||
High rocky cliffs are the most favorable environment for thermophylous species as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C10FF9C6222F807E2DAF856" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1134,1232,1923,1945]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C10FF9C6222F807E2DAF856" box="[1134,1232,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Peschiera Maraglio, Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C11FF9D668CF949E76BF8E2" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" startId="27.[192,268,1738,1761]" targetBox="[189,1441,251,1707]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C11FF9D668CF949E76BF8E2" blockId="27.[192,1440,1738,1836]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D668CF949E73CF92F" bold="true" box="[192,310,1738,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Figure 20:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C11FF9D6772F94FE7AAF92F" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[318,416,1740,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6772F94FE7AAF92F" box="[318,416,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. italicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collecting sites. Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, Marche, Veneto, and Piedmont (Italy):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D62A8F94FE2FDF92F" bold="true" box="[1252,1271,1740,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Fermo;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6305F94FE351F92F" bold="true" box="[1353,1371,1740,1761]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Monte Isola;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D66B1F966E705F934" bold="true" box="[253,271,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Cislano;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D673DF966E789F934" bold="true" box="[369,387,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Campo;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6792F966E7FBF934" bold="true" box="[478,497,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ceraino;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D641FF966E46FF934" bold="true" box="[595,613,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Varallo Pombia;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6558F966E52CF934" bold="true" box="[788,806,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Cernobbio;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D65EEF966E5BEF934" bold="true" box="[930,948,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Isola Comacina;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D622EF966E27EF934" bold="true" box="[1122,1140,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Onno;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D62F2F966E2D6F934" bold="true" box="[1214,1244,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">10.</emphasis>
|
||||
Cittiglio;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6308F966E36AF934" bold="true" box="[1348,1376,1765,1786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">11.</emphasis>
|
||||
Busto Arsizio;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6750F97DE730F8DD" bold="true" box="[284,314,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">12.</emphasis>
|
||||
Montichiari;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6783F97DE7E7F8DD" bold="true" box="[463,493,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">13.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ferrara;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D641AF97DE47EF8DD" bold="true" box="[598,628,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">14.</emphasis>
|
||||
Felino;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6499F97DE4F9F8DD" bold="true" box="[725,755,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">15.</emphasis>
|
||||
Montechiarugolo;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D65F0F97DE5D0F8DD" bold="true" box="[956,986,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">16.</emphasis>
|
||||
Torrechiara;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D6222F97DE286F8DD" bold="true" box="[1134,1164,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">17.</emphasis>
|
||||
San Pietro in Cerro;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C11FF9D63CEF97DE3AAF8DD" bold="true" box="[1410,1440,1790,1811]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">18.</emphasis>
|
||||
Castell’Arquato.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C16FF9A6690FED1E106FEA0" blockId="28.[220,1081,338,366]" box="[220,1804,338,366]" lastBlockId="28.[1772,1804,338,366]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C16FF9A6690FED1E106FEA0" bold="true" box="[220,1804,338,366]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
|
||||
Colombo: New Data on Distribution and Ecology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C16FF9A65E8FED1E233FEA0" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[932,1081,338,366]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C16FF9A65E8FED1E233FEA0" bold="true" box="[932,1081,338,366]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Euscorpius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
27
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
128
data/03/F8/87/03F887C26C29FFA365D4F959E0D1FE6C.xml
Normal file
128
data/03/F8/87/03F887C26C29FFA365D4F959E0D1FE6C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="978736AF6028361004D52985B0E08C4D">
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<mods:title id="CB2448BCA47F5507839339AC11C364A1">New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="01AC2AA250C7190F42D2E90A648B29D6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E4BC2AB4F6E352BDD4E34727D24D95EE">Colombo, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1AC7DDCE1FF1D2198260547A63344307">Euscorpius</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="2B2CBEBA68E181975E132CE329D80B48">
|
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<mods:date id="9B6FAEE9443F5D10F73B395DB5B01B44">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7E09F14FD16435E5285D794C8BC6FE49">2006-12-31</mods:number>
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|
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<mods:number id="CFC0EEF27B23A891E7D8D570F672FAE1">36</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="58BA4B99F5805611087A0EE6A8806156" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2006.vol2006.iss36.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F887C26C29FFA365D4F959E0D1FE6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887C26C29FFA365D4F959E0D1FE6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887C26C29FFA365D4F959E0D1FE6C" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C29FFA565D4F959E34CF93F" box="[920,1350,1754,1777]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C29FFA565D4F959E34CF93F" blockId="35.[920,1350,1754,1807]" box="[920,1350,1754,1777]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
|
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<heading id="D0A681B86C29FFA565D4F959E34CF93F" box="[920,1350,1754,1777]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C29FFA565D4F959E34CF93F" authority="(DeGeer, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="DeGeer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[920,1350,1754,1777]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicaudis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C29FFA565D4F959E34CF93F" bold="true" box="[920,1350,1754,1777]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C29FFA565D4F959E29EF93F" bold="true" box="[920,1172,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Euscorpius flavicaudis</emphasis>
|
||||
(DeGeer, 1778)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C29FFA565B4F97BE2ECF8C1" box="[1016,1254,1784,1807]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C29FFA565B4F97BE2ECF8C1" blockId="35.[920,1350,1754,1807]" box="[1016,1254,1784,1807]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136A2A516C29FFA5624DF97BE28BF8C1" box="[1025,1153,1784,1807]" captionStart-0="Figure 25" captionStart-1="Figure 26" captionStart-2="Figure 27" captionStart-3="Figure 28" captionStartId-0="34.[192,268,995,1019]" captionStartId-1="34.[192,268,1907,1931]" captionStartId-2="35.[192,268,1580,1603]" captionStartId-3="36.[192,268,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1439,165,973]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1443,1064,1875]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1441,235,1539]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1441,189,1635]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@34.[192,1436,168,970]" captionTargetId-1="figure-49@34.[192,1440,1067,1872]" captionTargetId-2="figure-7@35.[192,1438,238,1536]" captionTargetId-3="figure-13@36.[192,1438,192,1632]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="34" captionTargetPageId-2="35" captionTargetPageId-3="36" captionText-0="Figure 25: Euscorpius (Tetratrichobothrius) flavicaudis, subadult female, Castelfalfi (Tuscany, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1="Figure 26: Old abandoned buildings, as this one photographed in Castelfalfi (Firenze, Tuscany), are favorable environments for E. flavicaudis (photo by Marco Colombo)." captionText-2="Figure 27: E. flavicaudis collecting sites. Northwestern Sardinia (Italy): 1. Cala della Barca; 2. Maristella; 3. Olmedo; 4. Monteleone Roccadoria; 5. Sedini; 6. Chiaramonti; 7. Martis; 8. Ittiri." captionText-3="Figure 28: E. flavicaudis collecting sites. Liguria, Tuscany (Italy) and Var (France): 1. Fayence; 2. Mont Faron; 3. Andora Castello; 4. Toirano; 5. Finale Ligure; 6. Levigliani; 7. Castelfalfi." pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Figs. 25–28</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6D3036F6C29FFA562C0F97BE2D7F8C1" box="[1164,1245,1784,1807]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="37.[76,141,1726,1749]" captionText="Table 9: Euscorpius flavicaudis: specimen and locality data (continued on next page)." pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Table 9</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C29FFA36522F8ACE666FE50" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C29FFA26522F8ACE393F8BC" blockId="35.[830,1440,1839,1893]" lastBlockId="36.[830,1440,1761,1906]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C29FFA56522F8ACE26EF888" baseAuthorityName="DeGeer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[878,1124,1839,1862]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicaudis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C29FFA56522F8ACE26EF888" box="[878,1124,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Euscorpius flavicaudis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is one of the four “old” species (already discussed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C29FFA56217F8CDE2F2F8AB" author="FANZAGO" box="[1115,1272,1870,1893]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref18313" refString="FANZAGO, F. 1872. Sullo Scorpius flavicaudis De Geer. Annuario della Societa dei Naturalisti di Modena, 10: 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1872">Fanzago, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), which in the recent years has not been part of any important taxonomic changes; none of the subspecies listed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C2EFFA2649CF883E74BF8FB" author="CAPORIACCO" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="159 - 230" refId="ref17878" refString="CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
was elevated to species status. It is characterized by a typical Western Mediterranean chorotype (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B256C2EFFA2668BF8D8E76BF8BC" author="CRUCITTI" box="[199,353,1883,1906]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref17937" refString="CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1993">Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and it is found in northern Africa (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA264AFF8D8E557F936" box="[739,861,1761,1906]" name="Algeria" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA26527F962E5B7F936" box="[875,957,1761,1784]" name="Tunisia" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) and southern Europe (southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA26364F962E598F8D9" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">France and Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA265ECF883E5DBF8D9" box="[928,977,1792,1815]" name="Italy" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA26220F883E2A1F8D9" box="[1132,1195,1792,1815]" name="Spain" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, including
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4995F8366C2EFFA2636FF883E57CF8FB" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||||
); it was introduced to northern Europe (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA26365F89DE56AF89A" name="United Kingdom" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) and southern America (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA26233F8BEE2EAF89A" box="[1151,1248,1853,1876]" name="Uruguay" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) (Fet & Sissom, 2000). In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34676446C2EFFA265E2F8D8E5EBF8BC" box="[942,993,1883,1906]" name="Italy" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, it is recorded from the entire Tyrrhenian
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2E665C6C2EFFA2668CF90FE513F975" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" startId="36.[192,268,1676,1699]" targetBox="[189,1441,189,1635]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C2EFFA2668CF90FE513F975" blockId="36.[192,1440,1676,1723]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA2668CF90FE73CF96D" bold="true" box="[192,310,1676,1699]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Figure 28:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C2EFFA26770F90EE7CAF96C" baseAuthorityName="DeGeer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[316,448,1677,1698]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicaudis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA26770F90EE7CAF96C" box="[316,448,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">E. flavicaudis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collecting sites. Liguria, Tuscany (Italy) and Var (France):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA2624DF90EE219F96C" bold="true" box="[1025,1043,1677,1698]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Fayence;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA2623AF90EE282F96C" bold="true" box="[1142,1160,1677,1698]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Mont Faron;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA26342F90EE32AF96C" bold="true" box="[1294,1312,1677,1698]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Andora Castello;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA266B4F925E700F975" bold="true" box="[248,266,1702,1723]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Toirano;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA26724F925E770F975" bold="true" box="[360,378,1702,1723]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Finale Ligure;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA26443F925E42BF975" bold="true" box="[527,545,1702,1723]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Levigliani;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2EFFA264DAF925E4A2F975" bold="true" box="[662,680,1702,1723]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Castelfalfi.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C2FFFA36600FE01E666FE50" blockId="37.[76,108,386,414]" box="[76,108,386,414]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2FFFA36600FE01E666FE50" bold="true" box="[76,108,386,414]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">36</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34B655F6C2FFFA36304FE02E0D1FE6C" box="[1352,1755,385,419]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BEE36D46C2FFFA36304FE02E0D1FE6C" blockId="37.[1352,1755,385,419]" box="[1352,1755,385,419]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D576C2FFFA36304FE02E00FFE6D" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[1352,1541,385,419]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" genus="Euscorpius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euscorpius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B925EAC66C2FFFA36040FE05E0D1FE6C" bold="true" box="[1548,1755,390,418]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">— 2006, No. 36</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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