diff --git a/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072771FFF4FF4A9498CE6661F4.xml b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072771FFF4FF4A9498CE6661F4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5b15cf813ca --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072771FFF4FF4A9498CE6661F4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ + + + +Description of a new species and record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera, Tephritidae) from China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Li-Bing + + + +Author + +Chen, Xiao-Lin + + + +Author + +Deng, Yu-Liang + + + +Author + +Wang, Shao-Jun + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2013 + +2013-05-08 + + +3647 + + +1 + + +194 +200 + + + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.10 +1175-5326 +219442 +9A9D1488-0FC8-45B4-98B8-59FD74AF2729 + + + + + + +Bactrocera +Macquart, 1835 + + + + + + + +Bactrocera +Macquart, 1835: 452 + +. Type-species: + +B. longicornis +Macquart, 1835 + +, by monotypy. + + + +Dasyneura +Saunders, 1842: 60 + +. Type-species: + +D. zonata +Saunders, 1942 + +, by monotypy. + + + +Strumeta +Walker, 1856: 33 + +. Type-species: + +S. conformis +Walker, 1856 + +[= + +Dacus umbrosus +Fabricius, 1805 + +], by monotypy. + + + +Chaetodacus +Bezzi, 1913: 93 + +. Type-species: + +Musca ferruginea +Fabricius, 1794 + +[= + +Dacus dorsalis +Hendel, 1912 + +], by original designation. + + + +Marquesadacus +Malloch, 1932: 145 + +(as subgenus of + +Dacus + +). Type-species: + +Chaetodacus perfuscus +Aubertin, 1929 + +, by monotypy. + + + +Apodacus +Perkins, 1939: 26 + +. Type-species: + +A. cheesmani +Perkins, 1939 + +[= + +A. cheesmnae +Perkins, 1939 + +], by original designation. + + + +Aglaodacus +Munro, 1984: 25 + +, Type-species: + +A. nesiotes +Munro, 1984 + +, by original designation. + + + +Mauritidacus +Munro, 1984: 25 + +. Type-species: + +M. montyanus +Munro, 1984 + +, by original designation. + + + + +This genus is closely related to + +Dacus +Fabricius + +, but chiefly differs from the latter by the abdominal tergites not being fused. More than 500 species are known from the Oriental, Pacific, Australian and Afrotropical Regions, with + +B. oleae +(Rossi, 1790) + +also occurring in southern Europe. A few of adventives species are found in Hawaii and South +America +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072771FFF7FF4A971BCC136296.xml b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072771FFF7FF4A971BCC136296.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..704258e4677 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072771FFF7FF4A971BCC136296.xml @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ + + + +Description of a new species and record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera, Tephritidae) from China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Li-Bing + + + +Author + +Chen, Xiao-Lin + + + +Author + +Deng, Yu-Liang + + + +Author + +Wang, Shao-Jun + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2013 + +2013-05-08 + + +3647 + + +1 + + +194 +200 + + + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.10 +1175-5326 +219442 +9A9D1488-0FC8-45B4-98B8-59FD74AF2729 + + + + + + +Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) anala +Chen et Zhou + +, +sp.nov + + + + + +( +Figs 1–7 +) + + +Description +. +Male +( +Figs 3–4 +). Body length +6.1mm +; Wing length +6.4mm +. + + +Head. +Frons ( +Fig.1 +) yellow to fulvous, with indistinct middle blackish mark and black spots at bases of setae; frons about 1.8 times as long as wide, narrower than eye in dorsal view. Lunule dark brown. Ocellar triangle and vertex black. Face ( +Figs 1, 5 +) yellow to fulvous with two blackish round spots in antennae grooves, the distance between the two spots distinctly shorter than their diameter. Parafacial and gena yellow to fulvous, gena with vague black area under lower margin of eye. Occiput dark brown to black, yellowish along eye margin; occipital row of setae present. Antenna with scape and pedicel fulvous, flagellomere 1 fulvous with apex and anterior part slightly darker and about 4.0 times as long as pedicel; arista bare, black with yellowish base. Head setae black: 3 frontals, 1 orbital, 1 medial vertical, 1 lateral vertical, 1 genal. + + +Thorax. +Scutum ( +Fig.6 +) black with two narrow lateral postsutural yellow vittae extends well before the level of intra-alar setae, and one long narrow median postsutural yellow vitta that extend well before prescutellar acrostichal setae and is about as long as lateral postsutural vittae. Postpronotal lobes entirely yellow. Pleura predominantly black with following yellow areas: notopleural callus, anepisternal stripe, anatergite, katatergite. Scutellum with two lateral yellow marks, narrow black basal band and a black medial mark extending from base to apex. Mediotergite entirely black. Scutellum with basal as well as apical setae. Other thoracic chaetotaxy: 2 notopleural, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 anepisternal, 2 scapular, 1 prescutellar acrostichal setae present. Wing ( +Fig. 2 +) hyaline in ground color; costal dark brown band confluent with vein R2+3, having an isolated apical dark brown spot; anal streak dark brown and broad, extending to posterior margin; cells bc and c colourless. Legs yellow to fuscous; fore femur with apical 3/4 black; mid with apical 1/2 black and hind femora with apical 1/3 black; fore and hind tibiae dark brown to black, mid tibiae fuscous with apical 1/3 darker; tarsi yellow to fuscous (apical 4 segments darker); mid tibia with black apicoventral spur. + + +Abdomen +( +Fig. 7 +). Oval in outline, generally black. Tergite 1 black, with a very narrow vague yellow to fulvous band on posterior margin; tergite 2 black, with a broad, middle concave yellow to fulvous band on posterior margin; tergites 3 and 4 black; tergite 3 with pecten on each side of posterior margin; tergite 5 black, with a very narrow vague yellow to fulvous band on posterior margin and a pair of oval dark shining spots at middle area. + + +Female. +Unknown. + + + + +Etymology. +The specific epithet refers to the wing anal streak. + + + + + +Type +Data. + + +Holotype +3 ( +IZCAS +), +China +: +Yunnan +: +Xishuangbanna +, +Mengsong +, +Benggangxinzhai + +1750m + +, +N22º09'34'' +E100º33'47'' +, + +11 July 2011 + +, +Zhao Zhe + +. + + + + +Distribution. +China +: Yunnan (Xishuangbanna). + + + + +Host. +Unknown. + + + + +Remarks. +This species is somewhat similar to + +B. (Z.) +adusta + +(Wang +et +Zhao) from Sichuan. These two species may be characterized by scutum entirely black except for 3 postsutural yellow vittae, and scutellum with two lateral yellow marks and a black medial mark extending from base to apex. This new species, however, can be easily differentiated by the following characters: 1) scutellum with 2 pairs scutellar setae, 2) wing with anal streak dark brown and broad, and 3) the distance between the two facial spots much shorter, being about 0.5 times their diameter. This species is also similar to +B. (Z.) + +biguttata +(Bezzi) + +, but can be differentiated from the latter by the following characters: 1) scutellum with 2 pairs scutellar setae, 2) wing with anal streak dark brown and broad, and 3) wing with a slightly smaller and isolated apical spot. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072773FFF6FF4A9498CC4164A7.xml b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072773FFF6FF4A9498CC4164A7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..530aba957b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072773FFF6FF4A9498CC4164A7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,309 @@ + + + +Description of a new species and record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera, Tephritidae) from China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Li-Bing + + + +Author + +Chen, Xiao-Lin + + + +Author + +Deng, Yu-Liang + + + +Author + +Wang, Shao-Jun + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2013 + +2013-05-08 + + +3647 + + +1 + + +194 +200 + + + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.10 +1175-5326 +219442 +9A9D1488-0FC8-45B4-98B8-59FD74AF2729 + + + + + + +Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) armillata +( +Hering, 1938 +) + +New Record in +China + + + + + +( +Figs 8–16 +) + + + + + +Strumeta armillata +Hering, 1938 + +, +Arkiv For Zoolog +i, Band 30A(25):6. +Holotype +Ƥ in NRS + + + +Bactrocera (Bactrocera) armillata +( +Hering, 1938 +) + +.- Hardy, 1977: 48; +White & Hancock 1997 +; + +Norrbom +et al. +, 2004 + +. + + + + +Description +. +Male +( +Fig. 10 +). Body length 5.0mm; Wing length +5.3mm +. + + +Head. +Frons ( +Fig. 8 +) yellow to fulvous, with black spots at bases of setae; frons about 1.4 times as long as wide and about as wide as eye in dorsal view. Ocellar triangle black, lunule fulvous and vertex yellow to fulvous; Face yellow to fulvous with two large black spots on sides, the distance between them about 1.0–1.5 times their diameter. Parafacial and gena yellow to fulvous, occiput dark brown to black, yellowish along eye margin; occipital row of setae present. Antenna with segments 1 and 2 yellow to fulvous, segment 3 fuscous with apex and anterior part slightly dark brown and about 3.2 times as long as segment 2; arista bare, black with yellowish base. Head setae black: 3 frontals, 1 orbital, 1 medial vertical, 1 lateral vertical, 1 genal. + + +Thorax. +Scutum ( +Fig. 12 +) black with two narrow lateral postsutural yellow vittae extending to or before the level of intra-alar setae, and one short narrow median postsutural yellow vitta (invisible in +2 specimens +). Postpronotal lobes entirely yellow. Pleura predominantly black with following yellow areas: anepisternal stripe, anatergite, katatergite. Scutellum largely black, with two very small lateral yellow marks. Mediotergite entirely black. Scutellum with apical setae only. Other thoracic chaetotaxy: 2 notopleural, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 anepisternal, 2 scapular, 1 prescutellar acrostichal setae present. Wing ( +Fig. 9 +) hyaline in ground color; with rather narrow costal band and an isolated brown spot at lower apex of cell r2+3 and upper apex of cell r4+5; anal streak extending to posterior margin; cells bc and c colourless. Legs yellow to black; fore femora ( +Fig. 11 +) with about basal 1/4 yellow and remainder black, mid femora with basal 1/2 yellow and remainder black, hind femora with basal 2/3 yellow and remainder black; fore tibiae fuscous, mid tibiae with basal 1/2 fuscous and remainder yellow, hind tibiae black; tarsi yellow to fuscous (apical 4 segments darker); mid tibiae each with an apical black spur. + + +Abdomen +( +Fig. 13 +). Oval in shape, completely black except for a narrow, fulvous band on posterior margin of tergite 1, tergite 2 and tergite 5 (sometimes obscure); pecten present on tergite 3. Tergite 5 slightly longer than tergite 4. Sternite 5 with a slight concavity ( +Fig. 16 +). + + +Male +terminalia: Epandrium large and broad, rounded in posterior view ( +Fig. 14 +); posterior surstylus lobe much longer, lateral surstylus with apex angulated in lateral view ( +Fig. 15 +); medial surstylus with 2 black and similar-sized prensisetae. Glans slightly elongate, with slender and membranous subapical lobe. + + +Female. +Only known from the +type +series originally described by Hering in 1938. + + + + +Material examined +. + +Holotype + +( +NRS +), +Burma +: +Kachin +: +Kambaiti +, +N25º24' +E98 º 9' +, + +9 VI 1934 + +; + + +Paratype + +( +BMNH +), (E)#5327647, +Burma +: +Kachin +: +Kambaiti +, + +2000m + +, 9/6.1934 +Malaise +; + + +6 3 ( +IZCAS +), +China +: +Yunnan +: +Nujiang +, +Pianma + +1695m + +, +N26º11'00'' +, +E 98º58'00'' +, + +28 July 2010 + +, +Wang Shaojun +and +Zhao Kanglin +, attracted to Cue lure. + + + + + +Distribution +. +Burma +, +China +(Yunnan). + + + + +Attractant +. Cue lure. + + +Host +. Unknown.. + + + + +Remarks. +This species distinctly differs from all other related species by the following combination of characters:1) scutellum largely black, only with two small lateral yellow spots, 2) scutum usually with one very short and narrow median postsutural yellow vitta (occasionally invisible), 3) the distance between the two facial spots being about 1.0–1.5times their diameter. + + +The male of + +B. armillata +(Hering) + +is recorded here for the first time, and it shows the typical subgenus + +Zeugodacus + +character of abdominal sternum 5 having a slight concavity, thus the species is transferred from subgenus + +Bactrocera + +to subgenus + +Zeugodacus + +. + + +We examined images of the +holotype +of +B. (Z.) + +armillata +( +Hering, 1938 +) + +with the help of Dr Yngve Brodin (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Sektionen fur entomologi, +Sweden +). We also examined images of the +paratype +of +B. (Z.) + +armillata +( +Hering, 1938 +) + +with the help of Dr Ian White and Mrs Kim Goodger (Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, +England +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072775FFF0FF4A9498CFFF6018.xml b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072775FFF0FF4A9498CFFF6018.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3fa7ce7ca0c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1F/65/B6/1F65B6072775FFF0FF4A9498CFFF6018.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + +Description of a new species and record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera, Tephritidae) from China + + + +Author + +Zhou, Li-Bing + + + +Author + +Chen, Xiao-Lin + + + +Author + +Deng, Yu-Liang + + + +Author + +Wang, Shao-Jun + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2013 + +2013-05-08 + + +3647 + + +1 + + +194 +200 + + + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.10 +1175-5326 +219442 +9A9D1488-0FC8-45B4-98B8-59FD74AF2729 + + + + + + +Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) adusta +( +Wang et Zhao, 1989 +) + + + + + + +( +Figs 17, 19 +) + + + + + +Dacus (Zeugodacus) adustus +Wang & Zhao, 1989 +a: 212 + +. Type-locality: Mt. Emei, Sichuan, +China +. +Holotype +male in IZCAS. + + + +Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) adusta +: + +Liang +et al. +, 1993: 139 + + +; +Wang, 1996 +; + +Norrbom +et al. +,2004 + +. + + + + +Material examined +. + +Holotype +3 ( +IZCAS +), +China +: +Sichuan +: +Mt. Emei +, + +30. IV. 1957 + +, +K. R. Huang +. + + +2 3 ( +YNCIQ +), +China +: +Yunnan +, +Nujiang +, +Pianma + +1695m + +, +E98º58'00'' +, +N26 º11'00'' +, + +May 2012 + +, +Wang Shaojun +and +Zhao Kanglin +, attracted to Cue lure + + + + + +Distribution +. +China +(Sichuan, Yunnan). + + + + +Remark +. This species is similar to +B. (Z.) + +biguttata +(Bezzi) + +, but can be differentiated from the latter by the following characters: 1) scutum with median postsutural yellow vitta distinctly present and situated near the suture, as shown in fig 17 ( + +biguttata + +has the median postsutural yellow vitta absent or situated far from the suture where it might be covered by the pin and is invisible, as shown in fig 18), 2) wing with a slightly smaller and isolated apical spot, as shown in fig 19 ( + +biguttata + +has the wing with a larger apical spot connected continuously with the narrow costal band, as shown in fig 20). We examined images of the +type +of +B. (Z.) + +biguttata +(Bezzi) + +kept in ZSI with the help of Dr. Dhriti Banerjee (Zoological Survey of +India +, National Zoological Collection, +India +), and figs 18 and 20 were taken by her. The +type +label data of +B. (Z.) + +biguttata +(Bezzi) + +are: +India +: W. Bengal: Darjeeling, +7000 ft +., +25. V.1910 +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/48/B1/48/48B14866403B522EBA3CC03522C48AB8.xml b/data/48/B1/48/48B14866403B522EBA3CC03522C48AB8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c639e59ccf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/48/B1/48/48B14866403B522EBA3CC03522C48AB8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,416 @@ + + + +A new species of Proaphelinoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) from China, with a phylogenetic analysis + + + +Author + +Jiang, Yan-yan +Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China + + + +Author + +Zhao, Huifeng +0000-0003-4243-9671 +Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China + + + +Author + +Chen, Ye +0000-0003-0841-6775 +Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-11-07 + + +1217 + + +263 +272 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1217.132291 +A6F327F9-2946-4990-AAE3-1192E00ABDE8 + + + + + +Proaphelinoides huangi +Chen & Jiang + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1–9 + + + + +Type material. + + + + +Holotype + +: +China +• + +; +Yunnan Province +; +Xishuangbanna +; +Mengla County +; +Menglun Town +; + +21 ° 53.89 ' N +, +101 ° 16.72 ' E + +; + +568 m +a. s. l. + +; + +12 May. 2019 + +; Z-l +Bai +, Z-g +Chen +, +C Wang +, +H Yu +leg.; + +LFNU + +Proap +202405-1 [on slide] + +. + + +Paratypes + +: • +8 ♀♀ +[ +5 ♀♀ +on slides, Proap 202405-2 – Proap 202405 - 7; • +2 ♀♀ +destroyed for DNA extraction]; same data as holotype; + +LFNU + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Proaphelinoides huangi + +sp. nov. +can be distinguished from other species in this genus by the following combination of characters: antenna yellow, fore wing with 10–14 bristles below marginal vein, linea calva proximally bordered by a single line of setae, F 3 1.0–1.2 × as long as wide, the distance between posterior pair of setae of the mid lobe of mesoscutum more than the distance from a seta to later margin of the plate; the length of Gt +8 +0.8 × as long as the distance between two cercal plates. + + + + +Description. + + +Female. +Body length +0.9–1.2 mm +( +holotype +, +1.2 mm +). + + + +Colour +. + +Head with face pale yellow, vertex orange, ocelli red and setae on vertex dark. Mandible brown to dark brown. Antenna yellow. Pronotum pale with brown suffusion. Dorsum of mesosoma yellow, except dark-brown posterior margin of mesoscutellum. Lateral sides of propodeum and mesopleuron brown yellow. Fore wing with following infuscate areas: two small patches below end of submarginal vein, a pale brown band below proximal third of marginal vein, a large area below stigmal vein (Fig. +6 +). Hind wing mostly hyaline, with slight infuscation below end of marginal vein (Fig. +7 +). Legs (Fig. +8 +) pale yellow, with metafemur infuscate dorsally. Gaster with anterior half of Gt +1 +, Gt +2 +and Gt +8 +pale, posterior half of Gt +1 +pale brown, remaining tergites dark brown. + + + + + + + +Proaphelinoides huangi + +sp. nov. +, holotype female (except Figs +1 +, +2 +, +5 +) +1 +body, dorsal view +2 +body, lateral view +3 +head (inset: mandible) +4 +antenna +5 +mesosoma +6 +fore wing (inset: stigmal vein) +7 +hind wing +8 +legs (left to right: fore-, mid- and hind-leg) +9 +metasoma. Scale bars: 100 μm. + + + +Head +0.8 × as high as wide, with weakly reticulate sculpture. Vertex 0.3–0.4 × the width of head, with approximately 14 setae. Ocellar triangle with apical angle obtuse. Mandible with three teeth (Fig. +3 +, inset). Face with 7 setae along inner margin of eyes. Antenna (Fig. +4 +) with scape 4.2–5.1 × as long as wide; pedicle 1.4–1.8 × as long as wide; F 1 and F 2 small and transverse, F 1 0.6–0.7 × as long as wide, with ventral margin a little longer than F 2; F 2 0.5 × as long as wide; F 3 1.0–1.2 × as long as wide, with 3 longitudinal sensilla; clava 2.9 × as long as wide, a little longer than combined length of pedicle and funicle, with 9–11 longitudinal sensilla. + + + +Mesosoma +. + +Mesoscutum with reticulate sculpture. Mid lobe of mesoscutum 0.8 × as long as wide, with approximately 16 setae (Fig. +5 +), side lobe with 2 setae. Mesoscutellum 0.6 × as long as wide, about as long as the mid lobe of mesoscutum, with 2 pairs of setae. The distance between anterior of scutellar setae 1.5 × that between posterior pair. Placoid sensilla located in median region of mesoscutellum; distance between sensilla about equal to that between posterior scutellar setae. Metanotum narrow medially. Propodeum long, with median length 0.5 × as long as mesoscutellum, with 3 or 4 setae proximal to each spiracle. + + + +Wings +. + +Fore wing (Fig. +6 +) 2.4–2.9 × as long as wide. Costal cell 0.7 × length of marginal vein, with 5 or 6 fine setae and 2 long setae distally; submarginal vein with 2 setae; parastigma with 1 seta; marginal vein with 10 setae along anterior margin; postmarginal vein short, about 0.5 × as long as stigmal vein; basal cell with 2 setae below end of submarginal vein; 10–14 dark bristles present in a group below proximal third of marginal vein; linea calva proximally bordered by a single line of setae, and closed posteriorly by 1 line of setae. Hind wing (Fig. +7 +) 3.8–4.6 × as long as wide, with longest marginal fringe 0.3 × wing width. + + + +Legs +. + +Mesotibial spur about as long as corresponding basitarsus. + + + +Metasoma +. + +Metasoma about 1.5 × as long as mesosoma measured from slide-mounted specimens. Gaster (Fig. +9 +) with setae on each tergite as follows: Gt +1 +– Gt +3 +2 (left side) + 2 (right side )), Gt +4 +3 + 2, Gt +5 +12–15 setae, arranged in 3 lines; Gt +6 +1 + 1, Gt +7 +1 + 1, Gt +8 +with approximately 11 setae. Ovipositor originating from apex of Gt +2 +, clearly exerted, and 2.1–2.4 × as long as mesotibia. The second valvifer 2.7–3.0 × as long as third valvula, the latter 1.5 × as long as mesobasitarsus. + + +Male. +Unknown. + + + + +Host. + +Unknown. + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific name is derived from the family name of Jian Huang, in honor of his contribution to the taxonomic study of +Aphelinidae +from +China +. + + + + +Distribution. + + +China +( +Yunnan +). + + + + +Comments. + + +This new species resembles + +P. bendovi + +, and the differences between + +P. huangi + +sp. nov. +and that species are shown in the key. Also, this species is similar to + +P. elongatiformis + +, and the differences are as follows: (1) fore wing with 10–14 bristles below proximal third of marginal vein (15–17 setae in + +P. elongatiformis + +); (2) linea calva proximally bordered by a complete line of setae (Fig. +6 +) (not complete in + +P. elongatiformis + +); (3) the distance between posterior pair of setae of the mid lobe of mesoscutum more than the distance from a seta to later margin of the plate (less than in + +P. elongatiformis + +); (4) the length of Gt +8 +0.8 × as long as the distance between two cercal plates (1.2 × in + +P. elongatiformis + +, measurements based on fig. +12 in +Hayat 1984 +). This new species seems difficult to distinguish from + +P. australis +and +P. assamensis + +. The species differs from + +P. australis + +by: (1) F 3 1.0–1.2 × as long as wide (F 3 1.5 × as long as wide in + +P. australis + +); (2) the length of Gt +8 +0.8 × as long as the distance between two cercal plates (Gt +8 +notably longer, 1.8 × in + +P. australis + +); (3) ovipositor 2.1–2.4 × as long as mesotibia (2.6 × in + +P. australis + +). From + +P. assamensis + +, the species can be distinguished by: (1) fore wing with 10–14 dark bristles below proximal third of marginal vein ( +17–20 in + +P. assamensis + +); (2) linea calva proximally bordered by a single line of setae (bordered by 2 lines of setae which become 3 lines in posterior third in + +P. assamensis + +); (3) Gt +8 +0.8 × as long as the distance between two cercal plates (as long as in + +P. assamensis + +); (3) ovipositor originates from apex of Gt +2 +(ovipositor originates from posterior half of Gt + +1 +in + + +P. assamensis + +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file