From f2f3c37de6d03371415200a716fd3ec5729102d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:03:45 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-10 23:57:41 --- .../17/50111772FF919E08FD76FD0F43406056.xml | 373 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 373 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/50/11/17/50111772FF919E08FD76FD0F43406056.xml diff --git a/data/50/11/17/50111772FF919E08FD76FD0F43406056.xml b/data/50/11/17/50111772FF919E08FD76FD0F43406056.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2904f9bb8d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/50/11/17/50111772FF919E08FD76FD0F43406056.xml @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@ + + + +Physalis ixocarpa: new species of genus physalis to the flora of Pakistan from mountainous region of district Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan + + + +Author + +Khan, W. +University of Swat, Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan + + + +Author + +Gul, B. +The University of Agriculture, Department of Weed Science and Botany, Peshawar ,, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan + + + +Author + +Uddin, M. N. +University of Swat, Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan + + + +Author + +Khan, B. M. +PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology - UIBB, Rawalpindi, Pakistan + + + +Author + +Attacha, S. +The University of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Peshawar, Pakistan + + + +Author + +Zaman, N. +University of Swat, Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan + +text + + +Brazilian Journal of Biology + + +2024 + +e 258128 + + +2024-12-31 + + +84 + + +1 +5 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258128 + +journal article +10.1590/1519-6984.258128 +1678-4375 +11494530 + + + + + +P. ixocarpa + + + + + +is locally called Tamatargay or +China +Tamatar. Morphologically it looks like a tomato and commonly found in tropical and subtropical condition ( +Figure 1 +). It is an annual herb and grows up to +4-5 feet +. Plant body consists of stem, dichotomous branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Leaf is +6.53 cm +long, +3.63 cm +broad and smooth, ovate with poor leaf dentation. Flowers are yellow in color with purple spots in the form of star-like structure is present in their petals ( +Figure 2 +). Petals are yellow + + + +Table 1. +Comparative morphological features of the available species of + +Physalis + +in the flora of Pakistan with new accession of + +Physalis ixocarpa + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +Physalis peruviana + + + +Physalis alkekengi + + + +Physalis ixocarpa + + + +Physalis minima + +
+Plant height +30-60 cm60 cm48-60cm15-45cm
+Leaves +Ovate to ovate-cordate, sinuate to repand or toothed, pubescent, Leaf area is 4.5-14 x 3.5-10.5 cm.Sinuate to sub entire, cuneate, and ovate to ovate-cordate. Leaf area is 7-11 x 4-8.2 cm.Ovate smooth, pointed at apex, wedge-shaped at base; Leaf area is 6.53cm x 3.63cm.Sinuate, ovate, repand or sinuate-dentate acute or acuminate, base cordate to oblique. Leaf area is 3-8 5(-11) x 1.5-4(-7) cm.
+Calyx +Calyx length = ±7-9 mm, campanulate, inflated in fruit; triangularacuminate lobes.Calyx length= ± 6mm. Calyx color is orangered; globose-conoid; triangular, acute or acuminate lobes.Calyx length = 4-5 cm. Calyx color is green and changes to yellowish on maturity, conoid, globose and tenacious.Calyx length= 2.5 mm Calyx is green in color, inflated, campanulate, globular-avoid and membranous.
+Flower +Corolla is yellow in color with purple blotched, thin pubescent without shortly ciliated lobes. Anthers are 2-3 mm long and narrow oblong.The flower is yellowwhite in color, and 15-20 mm broad. Corolla is campanulate and 11- 15mm long. Anthers are tight close against corolla tube.Petals have purple central spots in the form of starshaped structure. Corolla is campanulate and 8-10mm long. Anthers are 2-4mm long and blue or yellowish in color.The flower is solitary axillary and creamy to yellowish in color. Corolla is yellow, lobes acute with 5mm in length. Anthers are ± 2 mm long.
+Fruit +13 mm broad orange and globose15 mm wide orange and globose.Light orange or lemon color and fleshy globose berry with 3-6cm in diameter.10 mm broad and orange in color.
+Seed +Minutely reticulate, subreniform, brown in color and 2.4 mm long.Minutely reticulate, compressed subreniform, brownish yellow in color and 2.2mm long.Yellowish brownish in color with 2.5 mm long, often with pitted testa.Compressed, minutely reticulate, subreniform, brownish yellow in color with 2.2 mm long.
+ + +in color, +8-10 mm +long and campanulate. Anthers are blue or yellowish in color, +2-4 mm +long and gynoecium bicarpellary, syncarpous and oblique. The fruits are fleshy globose berry, light orange or lemon in color with +3-6 cm +in diameter ( +Figure 3 +). Internally fruit consists of three layers epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Epicarp is thin, while mesocarp and endocarp are fleshy. Fruits are different in size, number and weight. The largest fruits develop from + + +the first flowers of the main branches.The fruit is enclosed in husk known as Calyx.Calyx is +4-5 cm +long and its color change into yellowish brown on maturity. Below the calyx sticky material is present on the outer surface of fruit with potent anti-inflammatory activity, which we have been reported in the previous study ( +Zhang et al., 2016 +). Seeds are +2.5mm +long with pitted testa, which is numerous, yellowish brown and endospermic. + + + +Low temperature upsets the growth of the plant and makes it slow at temperatures of 16-18 °C or less. The life cycle of the reported plant starts from May and finished in November as the snowfall starts in +Shangla district +of +Khyber Pakhtunkhwa +Plant starts flowering from September and ends in November. Flowers are pollinated by bees + +. + + + + + +3.3. Distribution of +P. ixocarpa + + + +Sandy and well-drained soil favor plant growth. According to information of National Plant Germplasm System USDA ( +USA +), seventeen accessions of + +P. ixocarpa + +have been reported from different parts of the world.These include PI 291560 ( +India +), PI 270459 ( +Mexico +), PI 512011 ( +Mexico +), PI 662847 ( +Mexico +),PI 512010 ( +Mexico +), PI 512009 ( +Mexico +), PI 512006 ( +Mexico +),PI 512005 ( +Mexico +), PI 512007 ( +Mexico +) PI 290968 ( +Argentina +), PI 360740 ( +Ecuador +), PI 662844 ( +Mexico +), PI 662843 ( +Mexico +), PI 309812 ( +Mexico +), PI 512008 ( +Mexico +), PI 662846 ( +California +, +United States +) and PI 662845 ( +California +, +United States +). Besides these accessions, here we are reporting + +P. ixocarpa + +from +Pakistan +. + + + +Figure 1. +Plant of + +Physalis ixocarpa + +. + + + + + +3.4. The geographical locality of +P. ixocarpa + + + + +In the western mountainous region of district Shangala KPK +Pakistan +, the plant specimens are found in different localities of Bayleybaba area, especially in Bar and Koz Kana. Bar Kana and Koz kana is situated between north latitude 34°-5504”-95’, 34°-5742”-57’ and east longitude 72°-9522”-35’, 72°-4449”-74’ respectively. Similarly, Bayleybaba area is present between east longitude 72°- 4054”-63’ and north latitude 34°-5334”-44’ according to GPS reading. The geographical map of the plant reported area is shown in +Figure 4. + + + + + +3.5. Morphometric differentiation of the non-reported +P. ixocarpa +with available species of +Physalis +in +Pakistan + + + + +Figure 2. +Flower of + +Physalis ixocarpa + +. + + + +Morphological features of the + +P. ixocarpa + +shown in +Table 1 +were noted during the present study which makes it different from the other existing species found in +Pakistan +. + + + +3.6. Medicinal and economic importance + + + + +P. ixocarpa + +is cultivated as vegetable crop in +USA +and +Mexico +. It produces fruit, commonly called tomatillo. Traditionally, tomatillo is an important component of many sauces and Mexican dishes ( +Zhang et al., 2016 +). It is also used in folk medicine to relieve cough and fever ( +Maldonado et al., 2011 +). The leaves and calyx are also used in traditional medicine and rich of polyphenol ( +Khan et al., 2016a +). Anolides and withanolides are the important bioactive compounds have been reported in different parts of this plant ( +Yang et al., 2021 +). Furthermore, cytotoxic activity, antimicrobial potential and apoptotic activities have also documented in previous studies ( +Choi et al., +2006; +Khan et al., 2016b +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file