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<document id="1478F85A04A395F8478ACA342A30B5DA" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-CLB-Dataset="276867" ID-DOI="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291971" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0bb2f033-2b79-4d87-803f-91694067c3f3" ID-ISBN="978-0-9506207-7-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="291971" checkinTime="1588973351969" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Jarvis, Charlie" docDate="2007" docId="432D342FEA19349A1C2D8EB487BD1301" docLanguage="en" docName="ch7.gg.C.xml" docOrigin="Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum" docTitle="Maytenus lucida Loes." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="396" masterDocId="E213C9FA410C8D52CE14FE18C476F6F3" masterDocTitle="Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C)" masterLastPageNumber="473" masterPageNumber="370" pageNumber="396" updateTime="1699548976333" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0B5F156A3DEDE09E3F5EFB39C5DB7013">Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9B64AB44B959E1C5EE735E0DBAA16A4">Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FC59FC7B52DF08611E6C66CB3C6D2E8C">Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D776B6011D86A11C82641F80905E761D">Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="28124962EEEC300BA0779AE6AD8A111F">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2EA394F81D2A2554DC8A742D3F0CB512" type="ISBN">978-0-9506207-7-0</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="BC43AB6060AF7BD7DE3F9A61B08092A6" pageNumber="396" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E371C287092796E35FB4F936F8A28321" pageNumber="396">
<treatmentCitation id="CEC08ED9905ABD9288B4574BACEEA375" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="181" year="1767">
<bibCitation id="F804B9E51B5D711B0D7A9D2AFF081601" author="Linnaeus" pagination="181" title="Celastrus lucidus" volumeTitle="Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2" year="1767">
<taxonomicName id="2B5E11FD65911B08CDFCC318C3D833C1" ID-CoL="S2X7" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Celastrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucidus">
<emphasis id="F8C854ADA1CF12932635D02EB5E39B3E" bold="true" pageNumber="396">Celastrus lucidus</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle id="35E54EF794015897269266E2E303EA4B">
<emphasis id="00166E43649EA65463745ED8FB14E0F0" italics="true" pageNumber="396">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
, ed. 12, 2
</volumeTitle>
: 181;
<emphasis id="2E47E45B6944EF30A4438F8D505B37F7" italics="true" pageNumber="396">
<volumeTitle id="39CCD63734BB5DE46D2040E933CB3CBD">Mantissa Plantarum</volumeTitle>
</emphasis>
: 49. 1767
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6443ACDA7C7DD941ED0BDABE578461A9" pageNumber="396" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="03051E8C6CC98451585506B01A87EE5D" pageNumber="396">&quot;Habitat ad Cap. b. spei. D.D. Royen.&quot; RCN: 1596.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C68F180AB471DB548F5053A498762F" pageNumber="396" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B385BC1BE13FB3B76E51B52A7074AC19" pageNumber="396">
<typeStatus id="439546AA11B438AB5A4ECA36605A91C0">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here by Robson):
<emphasis id="F9580BFAF921A40C2CBD695928B9839F" italics="true" pageNumber="396">D. van Royen s.n.</emphasis>
,
<materialsCitation id="6B73C7A49E56BC0F6BEADB05929D0D62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612073168" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="268.8">
Herb. Linn. No. 268.8 (
<collectionCode id="E26DAC8486627D1FC5A4707B2CEDD25C">LINN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="032BFA33CFE3686AE5C40059317EAE76" pageNumber="396" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BAF2F2360A2B2320986C71EA74802CFF" pageNumber="396">
Current name:
<taxonomicName id="7507479030634F2C6C70F03AAB036651" ID-CoL="3DCYJ" authority="(L.) Loes." authorityName="Loes." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Maytenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucida">
<emphasis id="EA6F73124E953F2ACB5CF03DF38E8970" italics="true" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="9C12957E2506B44B264B776FB70E9AFA" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="396">Maytenus lucida</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(L.) Loes.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="C8A6BF41C0BA48119EE48E83B5650576" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Celastraceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6B8BF508AC527A3DFD2019CCC8C45B5E" pageNumber="396" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58178C747699A2F94BD64F840D3D6EAE" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="36B14C9DE2C8BD8CB270FBB0F8787A2D" italics="true" pageNumber="396">Note:</emphasis>
See discussion by Fuchs (in
<emphasis id="B6941450D80733F9D89C6BDD4CBD4C97" italics="true" pageNumber="396">Acta Bot. Neerl.</emphasis>
11: 76. 1962).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="A44BD9085C033DAE076CBF6118D5D5FB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188635" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3b43383-f3ce-45b9-9770-04d1895d0283" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188635" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461095835348" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xu, Huanli &amp; Tadauchi, Osamu" docDate="2009" docId="432D46671F71FFD3FA91E32953ADF86E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02145p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2145" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Andrena (Leucandrena) delicatula Cockerell" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="BF143E1F1F74FFD5FA06E6445127FF84" masterDocTitle="A revision of the subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="36" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698589157928" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="409F0D4281AC0E0AEA10F8412C7CDD5C">A revision of the subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F71FFD0FA91E32953F0FA03" box="[151,727,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FA91E32953F0FA03" blockId="5.[151,727,1389,1415]" box="[151,727,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="9073401D1F71FFD0FA91E32953F0FA03" bold="true" box="[151,727,1389,1415]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FA91E32953F0FA03" bold="true" box="[151,727,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
5.
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0FAB2E32953F0FA03" ID-CoL="DRGG" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[180,727,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicatula" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FAB2E329537FFA03" bold="true" box="[180,600,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Andrena (Leucandrena) delicatula</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F71FFD0FA91E3FE529EF9D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FA91E3FE52F6FA75" blockId="5.[151,1437,1466,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0FA91E3FE533CFA55" ID-CoL="DRGG" authority="Cockerell, 1918" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,539,1466,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicatula">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FA91E3FE5042FA55" box="[151,357,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Andrena delicatula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F71FFD0FB6BE3FE533CFA55" author="Cockerell" box="[365,539,1466,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1918) Descriptions and records of bees. LXXXII. Annales and Magazine of Natural Hist o ry, 2 (9), 476 - 482." type="journal article" year="1918">Cockerell, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9)2: 481–482 [male,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0FE02E3FE556DFA55" box="[1028,1098,1466,1489]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
]; Yasumatsu, 1941, Peking nat. Hist. Bull., 15: 275 [in list]; Wu, 1941, Cat. Ins. Sin., vol. 6, 274 [in list].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FA91E3BE529EF9D5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1466,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0FA91E3BE5237F995" ID-CoL="DRGG" authority="Xu and Tadauchi, 1997" authorityName="Xu and Tadauchi" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,784,1530,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicatula" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FA91E3BE5320F995" box="[151,519,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Andrena (Leucandrena) delicatula</emphasis>
: Xu and Tadauchi, 1997
</taxonomicName>
, Esakia, (37): 180–181 [male, redescription].
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0FA91E05E53A1F9B5" ID-CoL="DRZ8" authority="Hirashima, 1952" authorityName="Hirashima" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,646,1562,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koma" subGenus="Simandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FA91E05E50ECF9B5" box="[151,459,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Andrena (Simandrena) koma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F71FFD0FBD7E05E53A1F9B5" author="Hirashima" box="[465,646,1562,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Hirashima, Y. (1952) Descriptions of Andrena yasumatsui n. sp., with a provisional key to the subgenera of Palaearctic Andrena (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Mushi, 24, 59 - 65." type="journal article" year="1952">Hirashima, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Mushi, 24: 32 [female,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0F98AE05E52F4F9B5" box="[908,979,1562,1585]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Korea</collectingCountry>
];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F71FFD0F9E2E05E55C0F9B5" author="Tadauchi" box="[996,1255,1562,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Tadauchi, O. Lee, C. E. (1992) The family Andrenidae of Korea (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). 1. Easkia, (32), 47 - 58." type="journal article" year="1992">Tadauchi and Lee, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, Esakia, (32): 51 [
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0FACBE07E5031F9D5" box="[205,278,1594,1617]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Korea</collectingCountry>
]; Tadauchi and Xu, 1995, Esakia, (35): 210 [
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0F8F7E07E5213F9D5" box="[753,820,1594,1617]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0F961E07E5289F9D5" box="[871,942,1594,1617]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Korea</collectingCountry>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F71FFD3FA91E0C553ADF86E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FA91E0C553A2F91F" blockId="5.[151,1438,1665,1923]" box="[151,645,1665,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Description: See Xu and Tadauchi (1997).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E0EC52A4F8B2" blockId="5.[151,1438,1665,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
Specimens examined:
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F71FFD0FBE8E0EC534FF946" box="[494,616,1704,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F71FFD0F8C5E0EC5221F946" box="[707,774,1704,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
No. 23187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution), Suzhou, Jiangsu Province,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0F90CE08A5272F96C" box="[778,853,1742,1768]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
. Other materials:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0FE2FE08A5553F96C" box="[1065,1140,1742,1768]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
: Shanghai:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FEF9E08A544DF96C" box="[1279,1386,1742,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FF71E08A51D1F88B" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1932-04-19">19. iv. 1932</date>
(A. Savio),
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FB8DE0B150CDF88B" box="[395,490,1781,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FBF1E0B15386F88B" box="[503,673,1781,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1932-04-04" valueMax="1932-04-20" valueMin="1932-04-04">4–20. iv. 1932</date>
(A. Savio);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0F930E0B152AEF88B" box="[822,905,1781,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0F990E0B15500F88B" box="[918,1063,1781,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1932-03-31">31. iii. 1932</date>
(O. Piel);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FEA1E0B155DDF88B" box="[1191,1274,1781,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FF01E0B154BFF88B" box="[1287,1432,1781,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1920-04-17">17. iv. 1920</date>
. Zhejiang Province:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FB78E15850C0F8B2" box="[382,487,1820,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Hangzhou,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0F87FE1585224F8B2" box="[633,771,1820,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1996-04-22">22. iv. 1996</date>
(H–l. Xu).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC0E1065432F8D8" blockId="5.[151,1438,1665,1923]" box="[198,1301,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0FB65E106508EF8D8" box="[355,425,1858,1884]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
(Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang Provs.);
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0F969E1065290F8D8" box="[879,951,1858,1884]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Korea</collectingCountry>
(southern and central
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0FEBBE1065421F8D8" box="[1213,1286,1858,1884]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Korea</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E12D545FF806" blockId="5.[151,1438,1665,1923]" box="[197,1400,1897,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
Floral associations:
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0FBA9E12D5379F806" box="[431,606,1897,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FBA9E12D5379F806" box="[431,606,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Rubus hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0F86BE12D521CF806" box="[621,827,1897,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="donarium">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0F86BE12D521CF806" box="[621,827,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Prunus donarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0F944E12D52CBF806" box="[834,1004,1897,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" rank="variety" variety="spontanea">
var.
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0F972E12D52CBF806" box="[884,1004,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">spontanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0F9FAE12D5589F806" box="[1020,1198,1897,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0F9FAE12D5589F806" box="[1020,1198,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Prunus persica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FEBAE12D545FF806" box="[1212,1400,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F71FFD0FEBAE12D5453F806" box="[1212,1396,1897,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debilis">Lactuca debilis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F72FFD3FA91E1F453ADF86E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1968,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F72FFD3FA91E1F45063F84C" bold="true" box="[151,324,1968,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
Male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F72FFD3F81BE1F553E7F84C" box="[541,704,1969,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanospila">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F72FFD3F81BE1F5530AF84C" box="[541,557,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F72FFD3F83AE1F553E7F84C" box="[572,704,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">melanospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1. Dorsal view of genitalia; 2. Ventral view of genitalia; 3. Lateral view of genitalia; 4. 7th sternum; 5. 8th sternum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

167
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@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
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<mods:title id="A05D3F402D88D48CFE62D8D054614AB4">A revision of the subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="85112A7FAAA6E334398295C1435EC27E">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="432D46671F73FFDCFA91E6D35432FE44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6224367" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6224367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D46671F73FFDCFA91E6D35432FE44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D46671F73FFDCFA91E6D35432FE44" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F73FFD2FA91E6D353B2FF35" box="[151,661,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FA91E6D353B2FF35" blockId="7.[151,661,151,216]" box="[151,661,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="9073401D1F73FFD2FA91E6D353B2FF35" bold="true" box="[151,661,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FA91E6D353B2FF35" bold="true" box="[151,661,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
6.
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F73FFD2FAB2E6D3536CFF35" ID-CoL="DR4F" box="[180,587,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banchan" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FAB2E6D3536CFF35" bold="true" box="[180,587,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Andrena (Leucandrena) banchan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C396181F73FFD2F854E6D353B2FF35" box="[594,661,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F73FFDCFA91E6FA5432FE44" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FA91E6FA5038FF5C" blockId="7.[151,661,151,216]" box="[151,287,190,216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">(Figs.6–10)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FA91E74853D4FEA2" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" box="[151,755,268,294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
Female: BL 10.0–11.0 mm, WL 9.0–
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F73FFD2F84FE7485384FEA2" box="[585,675,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
(n=6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FAC3E77653DDFE1E" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Color: Flagellum reddish yellow beneath; mandible with apical half reddened; wing membranes subhyaline, weakly brown, veins and pterostigma reddish brown; tibial spurs reddish yellow; posterior depressions of metasomal terga dark reddish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FAC3E7E2533AFD4B" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
Pubescence: Hairs on head and thorax rather dense, whitish to yellow; those on clypeus 400–600
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FF4BE7E3547BFE44" box="[1357,1372,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, dull white; those on vertex 600–800
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2F80AE789533CFE62" box="[524,539,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, yellow mixed with sparse brown; those on genal area whitish; facial fovea brown above, whitish below. Hairs on mesoscutum and scutellum 400–700
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FE05E7B05535FD89" box="[1027,1042,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, yellow; those on mesepisternum 700
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FAC2E45E51F4FDB7" box="[196,211,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, whitish; propodeal corbicula completely developed with anterior fringes, internal area without hairs; trochanteral floccus perfect, whitish; femoral floccus dense; tibial scopal hairs moderately long, simple, yellowish brown above, pale white below. Hairs on metasomal terga short except tergum 1, dense, erect, whitish; terga 2–4 with complete white hair bands; caudal fimbria brown; sterna 2–5 with weak, not wellformed white subapical fimbriae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FAC3E4985274FA7F" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
Structure: Head: HL/HW = 0.78. HW: MsW: MtW = 3.5: 3.2: 3.3. Vertex roughened above lateral ocelli, weakly tessellate and shiny near top of eye. OOD: POD: OCD = 0.7: 0.5: 0.2. F1&gt; F2+3, F2 slightly shorter than F3, intermediate segments as broad as long. Eyes with inner margins paralleled. Facial fovea broad, exceeding below a line at lower margin of antennal fossae, FVL =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F73FFD2F998E51452DDFCEE" box="[926,1018,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, FVW =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F73FFD2FE62E51455E6FCEE" box="[1124,1217,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
. Supraclypeal area shagreened. Face above antennal fossae with crowded longitudinal rugulae and coarse interrugal PP, dulling surface. Facial quadrangle broader than long (about 2.6: 2.3). Clypeus well convex, densely tessellate basally and laterally, weakly tessellate medioapically, weakly shiny with distinct crowded PP
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FE94E5805586FC59" box="[1170,1185,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">ø</emphasis>
20–30
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FEEDE58055DDFC59" box="[1259,1274,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, IS &lt;0.5, PP smaller and weaker basally, CPL = 1.0 mm. Process of labrum trapezoidal, deeply emarginate apically. Labrum apical to process without median cristae. Lower paraocular area as in clypeus with PP
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FEEDE25555DDFBAE" box="[1259,1274,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">ø</emphasis>
20
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FF11E2555401FBAE" box="[1303,1318,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, IS &lt;0.5. Subgenal coronet present. Malar space long, about 3/5 the length of the basal mandibular width. Genal area as broad as eye, GW: EW = 0.8: 0.8, surface reticularly tessellate, shiny with close minute PP near eye. Mesosoma: Pronotum with distinct humeral angle and ridge, space between ridge and posterior pronotal lobe with paralleling rugulae, dorsal face densely tessellate. Mesoscutum densely tessellate peripherally, weakly tessellate and shiny medially; surface with sparse PP
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2F92CE297521EFB68" box="[810,825,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">ø</emphasis>
10–20
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2F980E29752B2FB68" box="[902,917,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, IS = 1–1.5. Scutellum densely tessellate posteriorly, smooth and shiny anteriorly with weak close PP, IS &lt;1. Propodeal enclosure small, well defined, evenly granulate, basal margin with short, weak rugulae; dorsal face of propodeum densely tessellate with weak minute PP, dulled. Mesepisternum densely tessellate, PP obscure. Middle basitarsi broader than hind ones as in
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2FB17E32950EAFA02" box="[273,461,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Cnemidandrena</emphasis>
. Vein 1st
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2F844E329535AFA02" box="[578,637,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">m-cu</emphasis>
meeting second submarginal cell beyond middle of cell. Metasoma: Metasomal terga densely tessellate, impunctate; posterior depressions of terga narrow, not well indicated; pygidial plate V-shaped, small, internal with raised triangular area. Sterna 2–5 weakly tessellate, shiny with close minute PP at apical areas, broadly impunctate basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FAC3E04C53DEF9A6" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" box="[197,761,1544,1570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
Male: BL 9.5–10.0 mm, WL 8.0–
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F73FFD2F857E04C538DF9A6" box="[593,682,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
(n=2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FAC3E06A51CDF912" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Color: Flagellum reddish brown beneath; mandible reddened apically; wing membranes subhyaline, veins and pterostigma reddish brown; tibial spurs yellowish; posterior depressions of metasomal terga reddish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFD2FAC3E0E750E7F88E" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Pubescence: Generally dull white to dull yellow except as follows: Hairs on antennal area and vertex brown partly; metasomal terga 2–5 with complete whitish hair bands; sterna 2–5 with short, well–formed white subapical fimbriae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F73FFDDFAC3E152506FFE44" blockId="7.[151,1437,268,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
Structure: Head: HL/HW = 0.8. HW: MsW: MtW = 3.0: 2.5: 2.8. Vertex as in female. OOD: POD: OCD = 0.6: 0.4: 0.2. F1&gt; F2, F2 &lt;F3. Eyes with inner margins subparalleled. Supraclypeal area convex, roughened by fine punctation. Face above antennal fossae with weak longitudinal rugulae and coarse interrugal PP. Facial quadrangle as broad as long (about 2.1: 2.1). Clypeus weakly convex and tessellate, broadly shiny, surface with distinct crowded PP
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2F81AE1F5530CF84E" box="[540,555,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">ø</emphasis>
20
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F73FFD2F84EE1F55370F84E" box="[584,599,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">µ</emphasis>
, IS &lt;0.5, CPL =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F73FFD2F928E1F552ABF84F" box="[814,908,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
. Process of labrum small, deeply emarginate apically. Labrum apical to process flat, smooth and shiny. Mandibles decussate. Lower paraocular area as in clypeus. Malar space about two–fifth as long as basal mandibular width. Genal area weakly angulate posteromedially, GW: EW = 2.0: 1.7, surface finely tessellate posteriorly, weakly tessellate and shiny near eye with sparse minute PP. Mesosoma: Pronotum with distinct humeral angle and ridge, sculpturing as in female. Mesoscutum densely tessellate, surface dulled. Scutellum as in mesoscutum but weakly shiny anteriorly with weak, sparse minute PP. Propodeum and mesepisternum sculptured as in female. Wing venation as in female. Metasoma: Metasomal terga sculptured as in female except terga 4–5 finely tessellate, narrowly shiny; pygidial plate small, spear-like apically. Sterna 2–5 weakly tessellate, shiny with scattered minute PP; sternum 6 not reflected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7CFFDDFA91E1F753CDF874" blockId="8.[151,1437,1971,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7CFFDDFA91E1F75072F84F" bold="true" box="[151,341,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">FIGURES 6–10.</emphasis>
Male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F7CFFDDF834E1F05388F84F" box="[562,687,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banchan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7CFFDDF834E1F05365F84F" box="[562,578,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7CFFDDF857E1F05388F84F" box="[593,687,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">banchan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C396181F7CFFDDF8B1E1F0522EF84F" box="[695,777,1972,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: 6. Dorsal view of genitalia; 7. Ventral view of genitalia; 8. Lateral view of genitalia; 9. 7th sternum; 10. 8th sternum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFAC3E6DC50EFFF7B" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F7DFFDCFAC3E6DC51D8FF36" box="[197,255,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F7DFFDCFB70E6DC50C4FF36" box="[374,483,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female, Rikeze,
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F7DFFDCF8AFE6DC522BFF36" box="[681,780,152,178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="3800.0">3,800 m</quantity>
, Xizang Autn. Region,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F7DFFDCFE24E6DC554CFF36" box="[1058,1131,152,178]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">China</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F7DFFDCFE71E6DC55DEFF36" box="[1143,1273,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" value="1961-05-20">20. v. 1961</date>
(L–y. Wang);
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F7DFFDCFA91E6FA5036FF5C" box="[151,273,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: Same locality and collector as the
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F7DFFDCF8BBE6FA520EFF5C" box="[701,809,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F7DFFDCF930E6FA528CFF5C" box="[822,939,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F7DFFDCF9E1E6FA551BFF5C" box="[999,1084,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F7DFFDCFE4FE6FA55F4FF5C" box="[1097,1235,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" value="1961-05-20">20. v. 1961</date>
;
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F7DFFDCFEE6E6FA546AFF5C" box="[1248,1357,190,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F7DFFDCFF5CE6FA51F2FF7B" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" value="1961-05-17">17. v. 1961</date>
;
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F7DFFDCFAE7E6A15014FF7B" box="[225,307,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F7DFFDCFB38E6A150E3FF7B" box="[318,452,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" value="1961-05-13">13. v. 1961</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFAC3E748539EFEC8" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Remarks: This species is separated from the other species of this subgenus in both sexes by the elongated malar space and the emarginate labral process.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFAC3E71D53E3FEF7" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,448]" box="[197,708,345,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F7DFFDCFB64E71D508FFEF7" box="[354,424,345,371]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">China</collectingCountry>
(Xizang Autn. Region).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFAC3E7C4536EFE1E" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,448]" box="[197,585,384,410]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Floral association: Not available.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFAC3E7E25432FE44" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,448]" box="[197,1301,422,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
Etymology:
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F7DFFDCFB51E7E25099FE44" box="[343,446,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banchan" status="sp. nov.">Banchan</taxonomicName>
is the Chinese spelling of the name of the highest ethical leader of Tibet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="9704401E21FAC2FE5BAECFE74BB4A265">A revision of the subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E54F53EDFCA1" blockId="2.[151,714,779,806]" box="[151,714,779,806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="9073401D1F76FFD7FA91E54F53EDFCA1" bold="true" box="[151,714,779,806]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
<keyStep id="7070EFD41F76FFD7FA91E54F53EDFCA1" box="[151,714,779,806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FA91E54F53EDFCA1" bold="true" box="[151,714,779,806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<keyLead id="707554441F76FFD7FA91E54F53EDFCA1" box="[151,714,779,806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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1.
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FAB2E54853EDFCA1" ID-CoL="DR4P" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" box="[180,714,779,806]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbilabris" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FAB2E5485342FCA2" bold="true" box="[180,613,780,806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Andrena (Leucandrena) barbilabris</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
</key>
</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</keyStep>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F76FFD7FA91E51D5257FB75" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E51D559FFCF4" blockId="2.[151,1437,857,1265]" box="[151,1208,857,880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FA91E51D5083FCF4" authority="Christ, 1791" authorityName="Christ" authorityYear="1791" box="[151,420,857,880]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FA91E51D503DFCF4" box="[151,282,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Apis sericea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FB26E51D5083FCF4" author="Christ" box="[288,420,857,880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Christ, J. L. (1791) Naturgeschichte, Klassification und Nomenclatur der Insekten vom Bienen, Wespen und Ameisengeschlecht. Frankfurt, Main, Herrmann, 535 pp." type="book" year="1791">Christ, 1791</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[nec
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FBD9E51D53DDFCF4" authority="Forster, 1771" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1771" box="[479,762,857,880]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FBD9E51D5345FCF4" box="[479,610,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Apis sericea</emphasis>
Forster, 1771
</taxonomicName>
], Naturg. Insect., 190 [female,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F76FFD7FE42E51D5589FCF4" box="[1092,1198,857,880]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Germany</collectingCountry>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E53D5504FC14" blockId="2.[151,1437,857,1265]" box="[151,1059,889,912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FA91E53D50CCFC14" authority="Kirby, 1802" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,491,889,912]" class="Insecta" family="Melittidae" genus="Melitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbilabris">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FA91E53D5044FC14" box="[151,355,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F76FFD7FA91E53D51C3FC14" box="[151,228,889,912]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Melitta</collectingCountry>
barbilabris
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FB6FE53D50CCFC14" author="Kirby" box="[361,491,889,912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Kirby, W. (1802) Monographia Apum Angliae. II. Ipswich, 388 pp." type="book" year="1802">Kirby, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Monogr. Apum. Angl., 2: 151–152 [male,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F76FFD7F9BCE53D553EFC14" box="[954,1049,889,912]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">England</collectingCountry>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E5DD5402FB94" blockId="2.[151,1437,857,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FA91E5DD53E3FC34" ID-CoL="DR4P" authority="Hedicke, 1933" authorityName="Hedicke" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,708,921,944]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbilabris" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FA91E5DD5331FC34" box="[151,534,921,944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Andrena (Leucandrena) barbilabris</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7F823E5DD53E3FC34" author="Hedicke" box="[549,708,921,944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Hedicke, H. (1933) Beitrage zur Systematic der Gattung Andrena F. (Hym. Apid.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoolog Museum in Berlin, 19, 199 - 220." type="journal article" year="1933">Hedicke, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 19: 216;
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FE3AE5DD55C6FC34" author="Warncke" box="[1084,1249,921,944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Warncke, K. (1968) Die Untergattungen der westpalaarktischen Bienen - gattung Andrena F. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, (307), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1968">Warncke, 1968</bibRefCitation>
, Mem. Est. Zool. Mus. Univ. Coimbra, (307): 94;
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7F829E5FD53D6FC54" author="Osytshnjuk" box="[559,753,953,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Osytshnjuk, A. Z. (1977) Bees - Andrenidae. Fauna Ukraini, 12 (5), 1 - 328. (in Ukrainian)" type="journal article" year="1977">Osytshnjuk, 1977</bibRefCitation>
, Faun. Ukraini, 12(5): 264;
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FE2DE5FD55E8FC54" author="LaBerge" box="[1067,1231,953,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="LaBerge, W. E. (1987) A revision of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part XII. Subgenera Leucandrena, Ptilandrena, Scoliandrena and Melandrena. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 112, 191 - 248." type="journal article" year="1987">LaBerge, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, Trans. Amer. ent. Soc., 112: 194–197 [north
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F76FFD7FBF6E59D5375FC74" box="[496,594,985,1008]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">America</collectingCountry>
];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7F861E59D520EFC74" author="Osytshnjuk" box="[615,809,985,1008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Osytshnjuk, A. Z. (1995) Andrena. In Lehr, P. A. (ed.) Key to the Insects of Russian Far East in six volumes. vol. 4, Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera, Part 1. St. Petersburg, Nauka, pp. 489 - 527." type="journal article" year="1995">Osytshnjuk, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, Key Insects Russian Far East, Vol. IV, Part 1, 509, 525 [female &amp; male, in key];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FBD2E5BD5215FB94" author="Gusenleitner" box="[468,818,1017,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Gusenleitner, F. and Schwarz, M. (2002) Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena mit Bemerkungen und Erganzungen zu palaarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena). Entomofauna, 12 (Supplement), 1 - 1280." type="journal article" year="2002">Gusenleitner and Schwarz, 2002</bibRefCitation>
, Entomofauna, 12(suppl.): 113–115 [remarks].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E25D5341FBD4" blockId="2.[151,1437,857,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FA91E25D5062FBB4" ID-CoL="FN6H" box="[151,325,1049,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FA91E25D5062FBB4" box="[151,325,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Andrena sericea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FB4AE25D534DFBB4" ID-CoL="5FLTP" authority="Alfken, 1929" authorityName="Alfken" authorityYear="1929" box="[332,618,1049,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="sericea" variety="malaisei">
var.
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FB7CE25D50F3FBB4" box="[378,468,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">malaisei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FBDDE25D534DFBB4" author="Alfken" box="[475,618,1049,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Alfken, J. D. (1929) Entomologische Ergebnisse der schwedischen Kamtschatka-Expedition 1920 - 1922. 21. Apidae, excl. genus Bombus. Arkiv for Zoologi, 20 A (16), 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1929">Alfken, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Arikiv Zoologi, 20A, 16: 5 [female &amp; male, Kamchatka); Yasumatsu, 1941, Peking nat. Hist. Bull, 15: 280 [in list].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E21D50F9FB35" blockId="2.[151,1437,857,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FA91E21D5248FBF4" ID-CoL="DT4Q" authority="Tadauchi et Hirashima, 1987" authorityName="Tadauchi et Hirashima" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,879,1113,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taisetsusana" subGenus="Euandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FA91E21D533FFBF4" box="[151,536,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Andrena (Euandrena) taisetsusana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7F822E21D5248FBF4" author="Tadauchi" box="[548,879,1113,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Tadauchi, O. &amp; Hirashima, Y. (1987) Descriptions of two new species and one unrecorded female of the genus Andrena from Japan (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Esakia, (25), 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="1987">Tadauchi et Hirashima, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Esakia, (25): 133–135 [female &amp; male,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F76FFD7FF49E21D54B6FBF4" box="[1359,1425,1113,1136]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry>
];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FAC1E23D5048FB14" author="Tadauchi" box="[199,367,1145,1168]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Tadauchi, O. (1988) Andrenidae. In Hirashima, Y. (ed), A Check List of the Japanese Insects. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka, pp. 682 - 685." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tadauchi, 1988</bibRefCitation>
, Check List Jap. Insects, 683 [in list];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7F910E23D555FFB14" author="Gusenleitner" box="[790,1144,1145,1168]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Gusenleitner, F. and Schwarz, M. (2002) Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena mit Bemerkungen und Erganzungen zu palaarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena). Entomofauna, 12 (Supplement), 1 - 1280." type="journal article" year="2002">Gusenleitner and Schwarz, 2002</bibRefCitation>
, Entomofauna, 12(Suppl.): 742–743.
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FB37E2DD50F9FB35" bold="true" box="[305,478,1177,1201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">New synonymy</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E2FD5257FB75" blockId="2.[151,1437,857,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F76FFD7FA91E2FD522FFB54" ID-CoL="DRHX" authority="Tadauchi et Xu, 1997" authorityName="Tadauchi et Xu" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,776,1209,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolharubang" subGenus="Andrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FA91E2FD5325FB54" box="[151,514,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Andrena (Andrena) dolharubang</emphasis>
Tadauchi et Xu, 1997
</taxonomicName>
. Esakia, (37): 189–190 [female,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F76FFD7FE84E2FD55EEFB54" box="[1154,1225,1209,1232]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Korea</collectingCountry>
];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F76FFD7FEE6E2FD504FFB74" author="Gusenleitner" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refString="Gusenleitner, F. and Schwarz, M. (2002) Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena mit Bemerkungen und Erganzungen zu palaarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena). Entomofauna, 12 (Supplement), 1 - 1280." type="journal article" year="2002">Gusenleitner and Schwarz, 2002</bibRefCitation>
, Entomofauna, 12(Suppl.): 231.
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7F8C2E29D5257FB75" bold="true" box="[708,880,1241,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">New synonymy</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F76FFD6FA91E3645264FBFC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FA91E36455E7FABE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1312,2034]" box="[151,1216,1312,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
Female (description based on Chinese specimens): BL
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F76FFD7F91AE36452BCFABE" box="[796,923,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
, WL
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F76FFD7F9DAE364554DFABE" box="[988,1130,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="7.8">7.8–8.2 mm</quantity>
(n= 7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FAC3E30250E3FA2A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1312,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Color: Flagellum reddish brown beneath; mandible with apical third or less reddened; wing membranes subhyaline, veins and pterostigma reddish yellow; tibial spurs yellowish; posterior depressions of metasomal terga dark reddish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD7FAC3E3FE552AF967" blockId="2.[151,1437,1312,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
Pubescence: Hairs on head sparse, dull white; those on clypeus scanty, only apical margin with hairs 180
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FAC5E3A551F5FA7E" box="[195,210,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">µ</emphasis>
; those on antennal area slightly dense; those on vertex 500
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7F982E3A552B4FA7E" box="[900,915,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">µ</emphasis>
; those on genal area 300–500
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FEF5E3A55425FA7E" box="[1267,1282,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">µ</emphasis>
; facial fovea whitish. Hairs on thorax dense except scutellum scanty, dull white; those on mesoscutum 300–500
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FF1FE04C540FF9A5" box="[1305,1320,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">µ</emphasis>
; those on mesepisternum 600
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FB84E06B50B6F9CC" box="[386,401,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">µ</emphasis>
, whitish; propodeal corbicula developed with complete anterior fringes, internal area with simple hairs; trochanteral floccus perfect, white; femoral floccus dense; tibial scopal hairs long, simple, whitish. Hairs on metasomal terga sparse; those on tergum 1 whitish; those on terga 2–4 short and rather sparse; terga 2–4 with broadly interrupted white hair bands (not distinct in
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F76FFD7FE17E0E6555AF938" box="[1041,1149,1698,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); caudal fimbria whitish with apex brown; sterna 2–5 with short, complete white subapical fimbriae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F76FFD6FAC3E0B4541BFD8A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1312,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
Structure: Head: HL/HW = 0.80. HW: MsW: MtW = 3.0: 3.2: 3.4. Vertex densely tessellate. OOD: POD: OCD = 0.6: 0.5: 0.2. F1 = F2+3, F2 = F3 which are broader than long. Eyes with inner margins paralleled. Facial fovea extending below a line at lower margins of antennal fossae, separated from inner margin of eye by very narrow smooth space, FVL =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F76FFD7F852E1205397F8FA" box="[596,688,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
, FVW =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F76FFD7F91AE12052AFF8FA" box="[796,904,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
. Face above antennal fossae dull shagreening with longitudinal rugulae. Facial quadrangle slightly broader than long (about 2.1: 2.0). Clypeus weakly convex, with not obvious median longitudinal ridge, surface dulled by fine tessellation with PPø20
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F76FFD7FF1EE1F55400F84E" box="[1304,1319,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">µ</emphasis>
, IS &lt;0.5, larger and irregular PP near median ridge. CPL = 1.0 mm. Process of labrum strapped-like shape (i.e., longer than broad, becoming narrow and round apically). Lower paraocular area weakly tessellate with crowded minute PP. Malar space linear. Genal area broader than eye, GW: EW = 0.8: 0.7, surface densely tessellate posteriorly, feebly shiny with minute PP near eye. Mesosoma: Pronotum with weak humeral angle, surface densely tessellate. Mesoscutum strongly tessellate at basal half, dull shagreening, finely tessellate posteriorly with minute PP, IS = 1–2. Scutellum densely tessellate posteriorly, weakly tessellate anteriorly with PP more evident. Propodeal enclosure narrow, densely tessellate with weak and short rugulae basally; dorsal face roughened by reticular tessellation. Mesepisternum dull shagreened. Vein 1st
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FE8DE7C455ECFE1D" box="[1163,1227,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">m-cu</emphasis>
meeting second submarginal cell at middle of cell. Metasoma: Metasomal terga finely tessellate, narrowly shiny with weak, scattered minute PP; posterior depressions of terga not well indicated; pygidial plate large, U-shaped with distinct raised triangular area. Sterna 2–5 finely tessellate with close PP, narrowly impunctate basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC3E45E500EFCEE" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Specimens examined:
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F77FFD6FBCBE45E531DFDB0" box="[461,570,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female of
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6F8BCE45E5519FDB0" authority="Alfken" authorityName="Alfken" box="[698,1086,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sericea" subSpecies="malaisei">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F8BCE45E52C1FDB7" box="[698,998,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Andrena sericea malaisei</emphasis>
Alfken
</taxonomicName>
[Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FA91E40551DDFDDF" box="[151,250,577,603]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Sweden</collectingCountry>
], Kamtschatka, Malaise.
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F77FFD6F827E40553A9FDDF" box="[545,654,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female of
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6F908E405543AFDDF" authority="Tadauchi et Hirashima" authorityName="Tadauchi et Hirashima" box="[782,1309,577,603]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taisetsusana">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F908E405552CFDDE" box="[782,1035,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Andrena taisetsusana</emphasis>
Tadauchi et Hirashima
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F77FFD6FF2DE405544FFDDF" box="[1323,1384,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
No. 2585, Kyushu Univ.], Tokachimitsumata, Mts. Taisetsu, Hokkaido,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6F9C7E42C552FFD06" box="[961,1032,616,642]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6FE13E42C55BCFD06" box="[1045,1179,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1984-05-29">29. v. 1984</date>
(O. Tadauchi). Other material:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FB00E4CA5076FD2C" box="[262,337,654,680]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
: Jiangsu Province:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6F836E4CA5383FD2C" box="[560,676,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, Heou-tchoang,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6F965E4CA553EFD2C" box="[867,1049,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1935-04-24" valueMax="1935-04-30" valueMin="1935-04-24">24–30. iv. 1935</date>
(O. Bviese). Shanghai:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6FF36E4CA54BFFD2C" box="[1328,1432,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6FA91E4F1500CFD4B" box="[151,299,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1955-04-13">13. iv. 1955</date>
(K–r. Huang). Heilongjiang Province:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6F915E4F152A9FD4B" box="[787,910,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, Jingpo lake, Mudanjiang,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6FEE6E4F1544CFD4B" box="[1248,1387,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1993-05-23">23. v. 1993</date>
(O. Tadauchi). Jilin Province:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6FBD1E4985363FD72" box="[471,580,732,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Kaiyuan,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6F8C1E4985269FD72" box="[711,846,732,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1936-05-31">31. v. 1936</date>
(R. Kimishima);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6FE20E49855B9FD72" box="[1062,1182,732,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, Changbaishan,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6FF63E49851F3FC98" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1993-06-01">1 vi. 1993</date>
(O. Tadauchi). Liaoning Province:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6F88CE54653DFFC98" box="[650,760,770,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Xiongyue,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6F98BE5465530FC98" box="[909,1047,770,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1962-05-22">22. v. 1962</date>
(T–r. Chen). Hebei Province:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6FF8BE54651CDFCC7" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Changli,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6FB64E56D50CAFCC7" box="[354,493,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1962-04-27">27. iv. 1962</date>
(T–r. Chen).
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6F88AE56D5224FCC7" box="[652,771,809,835]" name="Mongolia" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
: Central aimak:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F77FFD6F9C2E56D551FFCC7" box="[964,1080,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, Songino,
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F77FFD6FEB3E56D5436FCC7" box="[1205,1297,809,835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F77FFD6FF18E56D54BBFCC7" box="[1310,1436,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" value="1966-06-07">7. vi. 1966</date>
(Z. Kaszab).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC3E5325565FC5A" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Remarks: This Holarctic species is easily recognized by the strap-shaped labral process and the weak pronotal humeral angle in the female. East Asian
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6F8E4E5D95241FC32" box="[738,870,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbilabris">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F8E4E5D95241FC32" box="[738,870,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">barbilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ slightly from European specimens by the clypeus occasionally more tessellated and the dorsum of thorax with paler hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC3E5AE5512FBD6" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FB76E5AE509CFB80" box="[368,443,1002,1028]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
(new record, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shanghai Provs.);
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FA91E255502EFBAF" box="[151,265,1041,1067]" name="Mongolia" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
(new record, central Aimak);
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6F877E2555393FBAF" box="[625,692,1041,1067]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Hokkaido, north Honshu) [see
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6FE32E25554B7FBAF" author="Tadauchi" box="[1076,1424,1041,1067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Tadauchi, O. &amp; Hirashima, Y. (1987) Descriptions of two new species and one unrecorded female of the genus Andrena from Japan (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae). Esakia, (25), 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="1987">Tadauchi et Hirashima, 1987</bibRefCitation>
];
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FA91E27C500DFBD6" box="[151,298,1080,1106]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">South Korea</collectingCountry>
[Tadauchi et Xu, 1997]; Europe; North
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6F906E27C5242FBD6" box="[768,869,1080,1106]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">America</collectingCountry>
[LaBerge, 1986].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC3E21A5264FBFC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1144]" box="[197,835,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Floral associations:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FBA9E21A50DDFBFC" box="[431,506,1118,1144]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6F802E21B537EFBFC" box="[516,601,1119,1144]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F802E21B537EFBFC" box="[516,601,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Prunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp,
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6F89EE21B523CFBFC" box="[664,795,1119,1144]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F89EE21B523CFBFC" box="[664,795,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Taraxacum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:identifier id="588D74A425693A4766424DBAB0C5C5AE" type="GBIF-Dataset">e3b43383-f3ce-45b9-9770-04d1895d0283</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5287158290A107A9DA004BD8F40EA156" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="870BC8D2413B88EF5A3DD9341FE49318" type="Zenodo-Dep">188635</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="432D46671F77FFD0FA91E121536EFA97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6224359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6224359" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D46671F77FFD0FA91E121536EFA97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D46671F77FFD0FA91E121536EFA97" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F77FFD6FA91E12153C3F84C" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="key">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FA91E12153D2F8FB" blockId="3.[151,757,1893,1919]" box="[151,757,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="9073401D1F77FFD6FA91E12153D2F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,757,1893,1919]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FA91E12153D2F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,757,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<keyLead id="707554441F77FFD6FA91E12153D2F8FB" box="[151,757,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<key id="BF15A0401F77FFD6FA91E12153D2F8FB" box="[151,757,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<keyStep id="7070EFD41F77FFD6FA91E12153D2F8FB" box="[151,757,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
3.
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6FAB2E121538CF8FB" ID-CoL="DSJW" box="[180,683,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramelanospila" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FAB2E121538CF8FB" bold="true" box="[180,683,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Andrena (Leucandrena) paramelanospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C396181F77FFD6F8B4E12153D2F8FB" box="[690,757,1893,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyStep>
</key>
</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FA91E1EA53C3F84C" blockId="3.[151,740,1966,1992]" box="[151,740,1966,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Female: BL
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F77FFD6FB2FE1EA5098F84C" box="[297,447,1966,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="11.6" valueMax="12.2" valueMin="11.0">11–12.2 mm</quantity>
, WL
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F77FFD6F806E1EA53AAF84C" box="[512,653,1966,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="9.55" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="9.5">9.5–9.6 mm</quantity>
(n= 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F70FFD1FAC3E6DC503FF944" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E6DC551DFF7B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Color: Flagellum reddish yellow beneath; mandible with apical third reddened; wing membranes subhyaline, veins and pterostigma reddish brown; tibial spurs yellowish; terga 1–2 and part of tergum 3 ferruginous; posterior depressions of metasomal terga reddish yellow to brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E74855B6FDB0" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
Pubescence: Hairs on head more or less dense except clypeus with a broadly hairless area; those on antennal area dull white mixed with brown; those on vertex 300–500
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1F9CBE77652FBFECF" box="[973,988,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">µ</emphasis>
, brown mixed with whitish; those on genal area dull white; facial fovea black. Hairs on mesoscutum 300–500
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FE02E71D5534FEF6" box="[1028,1043,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">µ</emphasis>
, pale yellow to brown; those on scutellum scanty; those on metanotum long and dense; those on mesepisternum 800
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FE91E7C45581FE1D" box="[1175,1190,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">µ</emphasis>
, whitish; propodeal corbicula developed with complete anterior fringes, internal area without hairs; trochanteral floccus complete, dull white; femoral floccus long and dense, tibial scopal hairs long, dense, yellow to brown. Hairs on terga 1–2 moderately long, dense, yellowish white; terga 2–4 with complete white hair bands; caudal fimbria brown; sterna with dense whitish hairs, sterna 2–5 with short white subapical fimbriae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E40555C2FBFC" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
Structure: Head: HL/HW = 0.83. HW: MsW: MtW = 3.2: 3.2: 3.4. Vertex densely tessellate, not roughened. OOD: POD: OCD = 0.7: 0.4: 0.3. F1 = F2+3, F2 = F3 which are broader than long. Eyes with inner margins paralleled. Facial fovea extending below a line at lower margins of antennal fossae, FVL =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F70FFD1FF7EE4CA51EEFD4B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
, FVW =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F70FFD1FB3DE4F1508BFD4B" box="[315,428,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
. Face above antennal fossae with finely longitudinal rugulae, interrugal area with obscure PP. Facial quadrangle quadrate (about 2.3: 2.3). Clypeus finely convex, weakly tessellate, surface shiny with shallow PP, irregular in distribution. CPL =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F70FFD1F957E5465292FC98" box="[849,949,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
. Process of labrum trapezoidal, deeply emarginate apically. Lower paraocular area weakly tessellate, shiny with PP
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FE08E56D553AFCC6" box="[1038,1053,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">ø</emphasis>
20
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FE3CE56D556EFCC6" box="[1082,1097,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">µ</emphasis>
, IS &lt;0.5. Malar space short, about 1/6 width of basal mandible. Genal area broader than eye, GW: EW = 0.9: 0.8, surface finely tessellate posteriorly, weakly tessellate with close minute PP near eye. Mesosoma: Pronotum with distinct humeral angle and ridge, surface finely tessellate with obscure PP. Mesoscutum and scutellum densely tessellate with minute PP medially. Propodeal enclosure densely tessellate all over; dorsal face dulled by reticular tessellation. Mesepisternum densely tessellate with obscure PP. Middle basitarsi normal. Vein 1st
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FF59E5AE54BAFB87" box="[1375,1437,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">m-cu</emphasis>
meeting second submarginal cell beyond two-thirds of cell. Metasoma: Metasomal terga finely tessellate, nearly impunctate; posterior depressions of terga well indicated; pygidial plate V-shaped with weak internal area. Sterna 2–5 finely tessellate, impunctate at basal halves, closely punctate at apical halves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E2C150ABFB1B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" box="[197,396,1157,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Male: Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E2E851EDFA97" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F70FFD1FAC3E2E851D8FB42" box="[197,255,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F70FFD1FB73E2E850C5FB42" box="[373,482,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female, Mt. Baihua, Beijing,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F70FFD1F93BE2E852A1FB42" box="[829,902,1196,1222]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F70FFD1F994E2E85534FB42" box="[914,1043,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" value="1973-05-27">27. v. 1973</date>
(Y–h. Han);
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F70FFD1FEA8E2E85402FB42" box="[1198,1317,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F70FFD1FF29E2E854BFFB42" box="[1327,1432,1196,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Mt. Baihua,
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F70FFD1FB2AE29750B7FB69" box="[300,400,1235,1261]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1200.0">1,200 m</quantity>
, Beijing,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F70FFD1F802E29753AFFB69" box="[516,648,1235,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" value="1973-05-28">28. v. 1973</date>
(Y–s. Shi);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F70FFD1F91DE29752A3FB69" box="[795,900,1235,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Badaling,
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F70FFD1FE0DE297557EFB69" box="[1035,1113,1235,1261]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
, Beijing,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F70FFD1FECAE297546BFB69" box="[1228,1356,1235,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" value="1964-06-05">5. vi. 1964</date>
(S–m. Ge).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E36455A5FA2A" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
Remarks: This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F70FFD1F875E36452D7FABE" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[627,1008,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanospila">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1F875E3645254FABD" box="[627,883,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Andrena melanospila</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
in having the polished clypeus, the tessellated propodeal enclosure and the impunctate metasomal terga. It can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F70FFD1FEEEE3035450FAE4" box="[1256,1399,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanospila">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FEEEE3035450FAE4" box="[1256,1399,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">melanospila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the large-sized body, the process of labrum trapezoidal and emarginate, the mesoscutum with distinct PP medially, the narrow propodeal enclosure and the partly ferruginous metasomal terga.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E3FF5306FA51" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" box="[197,545,1467,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F70FFD1FB64E3FF508FFA51" box="[354,424,1467,1493]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
(Beijing).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E3A5536EFA7F" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" box="[197,585,1505,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Floral association: Not available.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAC3E04C55A2F9A5" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1570]" box="[197,1157,1544,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
Etymology: the name is consisted of latin prefix
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1F906E04C526CF9A5" box="[768,843,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">para+</emphasis>
species name
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1F9EBE04C55A2F9A5" box="[1005,1157,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F70FFD1F9EBE04C55A7F9A5" box="[1005,1152,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanospila">melanospila</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FAA3E03B503FF944" blockId="4.[151,755,1663,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
.
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F70FFD1FAB2E03B53D4F91D" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[180,755,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanospila" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FAB2E03B53D4F91D" bold="true" box="[180,755,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FAB2E03B5353F91D" bold="true" box="[180,628,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Andrena (Leucandrena) melanospila</emphasis>
Cockerell
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs. 1–5)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F70FFD1FA91E0B052BEF850" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FA91E0B050C8F8AF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1780,1931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F70FFD1FA91E0B05312F88F" ID-CoL="DS8J" authority="Cockerell, 1918" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,565,1780,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanospila">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FA91E0B0505AF88F" box="[151,381,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Andrena melanospila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F70FFD1FB80E0B05312F88F" author="Cockerell" box="[390,565,1780,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1918) Descriptions and records of bees. LXXXII. Annales and Magazine of Natural Hist o ry, 2 (9), 476 - 482." type="journal article" year="1918">Cockerell, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9)2: 481 [female,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F70FFD1FE07E0B05560F88F" box="[1025,1095,1780,1803]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
]; Yasumatsu, 1941, Peking nat. Hist. Bull., 15: 278 [in list].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FA91E17052EDF80F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1780,1931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F70FFD1FA91E1705231F8CF" ID-CoL="DS8J" authority="Xu &amp; Tadauchi, 1997" authorityName="Xu &amp; Tadauchi" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,790,1844,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanospila" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FA91E1705338F8CF" box="[151,543,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Andrena (Leucandrena) melanospila</emphasis>
: Xu &amp; Tadauchi, 1997
</taxonomicName>
, Esakia, (37): 178–180 [female, redescription].
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F70FFD1FA91E1105338F8EF" ID-CoL="DSZ9" authority="Cockerell, 1931" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,543,1876,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculella">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F70FFD1FA91E1105040F8EF" box="[151,359,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Andrena speculella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F70FFD1FB76E1105338F8EF" author="Cockerell" box="[368,543,1876,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1931) Bees collected by the Reverend O. Piel in China. American Museum Novitates, 466, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1931">Cockerell, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Amer. Mus. Nov., (466): 12 [female,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F70FFD1F9CFE1105528F8EF" box="[969,1039,1876,1899]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
]; Yasumatsu, 1941, Peking nat Hist. Bull., 15: 280 [in list]; Wu, 1965, Econ. Insects Faun.
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F70FFD1F90FE130526EF80F" box="[777,841,1908,1931]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
, fasc. 9, 32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F70FFD1FA91E1FE52BEF850" blockId="4.[151,921,1978,2004]" box="[151,921,1978,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
Male (new to science): BL
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F70FFD1FBD0E1FE5341F850" box="[470,614,1978,2004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="8.6" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="7.7">7.7–9.5 mm</quantity>
, WL
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F70FFD1F8A1E1FE5213F850" box="[679,820,1978,2004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="6.7" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.2">6.2–7.2 mm</quantity>
(n= 15).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F71FFD0FAC3E6DC536EFA97" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E6DC52E2FF7B" blockId="5.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Color: Flagellum dark reddish brown beneath; mandible with apical third or less reddened; wing membranes subhyaline, moderately brown, veins and pterostigma reddish yellow; tibial spurs yellowish; posterior depressions of metasomal terga yellowish to reddish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E74854A6FE44" blockId="5.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
Pubescence: Hairs on head and thorax dense, dull white to pale; those on clypeus 750
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FEB1E74855E1FEA1" box="[1207,1222,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">µ</emphasis>
, dull white; those on vertex 500
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FB3CE776506EFECF" box="[314,329,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">µ</emphasis>
; those on genal area 350–750
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0F8A8E776539AFECF" box="[686,701,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">µ</emphasis>
, sparse. Hairs on mesoscutum and scutellum 400–500
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FF45E7765475FECF" box="[1347,1362,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">µ</emphasis>
, pale; those on propodeum dull white; those on mesepisternum 850
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0F96AE71D525CFEF6" box="[876,891,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">µ</emphasis>
, dull white. Hairs on metasomal terga sparse, whitish; those on terga 1–2 moderately long; those on terga 3–4 extremely short, sparser; those on tergum 5 dense apically; terga 2–4 with weak, loose apical fasciae; sterna 2–5 with short, whitish subapical fimbriae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E78953C1FB80" blockId="5.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
Structure: Head: HL/HW = 0.74. HW: MsW: MtW = 2.7: 2.2: 2.2. Vertex densely tessellate, not roughened. OOD: POD: OCD = 0.6: 0.4: 0.2. F1 about equal to F2 which are longer than broad. Eyes with inner margins paralleled. Face above antennal fossae with weak rugulae, dull shagreening. Facial quadrangle broader than long (about 1.8: 1.7). Clypeus flat, weakly tessellate, surface shiny with crowded PPø20–40
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FF65E4055455FDDE" box="[1379,1394,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">µ</emphasis>
, IS &lt;0.1, sparser medioapically, CPL =
<quantity id="0C7C5A941F71FFD0F848E42C538AFD06" box="[590,685,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
. Process of labrum small, nearly triangular, thickened apically. Mandibles long, decussate. Lower paraocular area sculptured as in clypeus. Malar space linear. Genal area broader than eye, weakly angulate posteriorly, GW: EW = 0.9: 0.64, surface finely tessellate posteriorly, feebly shiny with weak PP near eye. Mesosoma: Pronotum with sharp humeral angle and ridge, space between ridge and posterior pronotal lobe distinctly rugulose, dorsal surface densely tessellate. Mesoscutum strongly tessellate anteriorly, finely tessellate posteriorly with obscure PP. Scutellum weakly tessellate, shiny with minute PP, irregular anteriorly, close posteriorly. Propodeal enclosure well defined, finely granulate all over; dorsal face densely tessellate with obscure PP. Mesepisternum densely tessellate, weakly shagreened. Vein 1st
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F71FFD0FAFAE5D95010FC32" box="[252,311,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">m-cu</emphasis>
meeting second submarginal cell at middle of cell. Metasoma: metasomal terga finely tessellate, impunctate; posterior depressions of metasomal terga not well indicated; pygidial plate presenting. Sterna 2–5 sculptured as in terga; sternum 6 weakly reflected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E2555301FB42" blockId="5.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
Specimens examined:
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F71FFD0FBEEE2555378FBAF" box="[488,607,1041,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (
<typeStatus id="143F49D31F71FFD0F8D4E2555233FBAF" box="[722,788,1041,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
No. 23136, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution), Suzhou, Jiangsu Province,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0F903E27C5268FBD6" box="[773,847,1080,1106]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
. Other material:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0FE11E27C5545FBD6" box="[1047,1122,1080,1106]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
: Shanghai:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FEEDE27C5475FBD6" box="[1259,1362,1080,1106]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FF8BE27C51C7FBFC" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Nanxiang,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FB74E21A5322FBFC" box="[370,517,1118,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1935-03-24">24. iii. 1935</date>
(T–c. Maa);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0F8A0E21A5221FBFC" box="[678,774,1118,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0F912E21A52B3FBFC" box="[788,916,1118,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1932-04-04">4. iv. 1932</date>
(A. Savio);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FE2DE21A5584FBFC" box="[1067,1187,1118,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FEB6E21A544BFBFC" box="[1200,1388,1118,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1925-04-13" valueMax="1925-04-18" valueMin="1925-04-13">13–18. iv. 1925</date>
(O. Piel);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FAD8E2C15046FB1B" box="[222,353,1157,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">19 females</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FB6BE2C15331FB1B" box="[365,534,1157,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1932-04-03" valueMax="1932-04-19" valueMin="1932-04-03">3–19. iv. 1932</date>
(A. Savio);
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0F8A1E2C1523CFB1B" box="[679,795,1157,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0F921E2C15290FB1B" box="[807,951,1157,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1920-06-10">10. vi. 1920</date>
;
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0F9C2E2C1550AFB1B" box="[964,1069,1157,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FE3FE2C15597FB1B" box="[1081,1200,1157,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1951-05-03">3. v. 1951</date>
. Zhejiang Province:
<specimenCount id="DD823CF81F71FFD0FA91E2E85027FB42" box="[151,256,1196,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Hangzhou,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F71FFD0FB94E2E85305FB42" box="[402,546,1196,1222]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" value="1932-06-14">14. vi. 1932</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E2975241FB69" blockId="5.[151,1438,152,1299]" box="[197,870,1235,1261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F71FFD0FB64E297508FFB69" box="[354,424,1235,1261]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
(Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang Provs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F71FFD0FAC3E2BD536EFA97" blockId="5.[151,1438,152,1299]" box="[197,585,1273,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Floral association: Not available.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="66ECC084A635038836389704C559DB37">A revision of the subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F77FFD6FA91E2965381FB68" box="[151,678,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="key">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FA91E2965381FB68" blockId="3.[151,678,1234,1260]" box="[151,678,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="9073401D1F77FFD6FA91E2965381FB68" bold="true" box="[151,678,1234,1260]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FA91E2965381FB68" bold="true" box="[151,678,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<keyLead id="707554441F77FFD6FA91E2965381FB68" box="[151,678,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<key id="BF15A0401F77FFD6FA91E2965381FB68" box="[151,678,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<keyStep id="7070EFD41F77FFD6FA91E2965381FB68" box="[151,678,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
2.
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6FAB2E2965381FB68" ID-CoL="DR25" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[180,678,1234,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentata" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FAB2E2965039FB68" bold="true" box="[180,286,1234,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Andrena</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FB29E29650F7FB68" bold="true" box="[303,464,1234,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Leucandrena</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FBE7E2965373FB68" bold="true" box="[481,596,1234,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">argentata</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</key>
</keyLead>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F77FFD6FA91E358537AFA78" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FA91E3585364FAD7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1308,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6FA91E35850D3FAB7" ID-CoL="DR25" authority="Smith, 1844" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,500,1308,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentata">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FA91E3585045FAB7" box="[151,354,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Andrena argentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6FB6AE35850D3FAB7" author="Smith" box="[364,500,1308,1331]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Smith, F. (1844) Notes on various Hymenoptera insects, and descriptions of two new British bees. Zoologist, 2, 405 - 410." type="journal article" year="1844">Smith, 1844</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Zoologist, 2: 409 [female,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6F92DE35852ADFAB7" box="[811,906,1308,1331]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">England</collectingCountry>
];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6F99BE358556BFAB7" author="Stockhert" box="[925,1100,1308,1331]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Stockhert, B. E. (1930), Andrena F. in Schmiedeknecht O. (ed.), Hymenopteren Nord-und Mitteleuropas. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena, 942, 982." type="journal article" year="1930">Stöckhert, 1930</bibRefCitation>
, Hym. Nord-und Mitteleurop., 942, 982 [female and male, in key].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FA91E31855BEFA37" blockId="3.[151,1436,1308,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6FA91E318539FFAF7" ID-CoL="DR25" authority="Warncke, 1968" authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,696,1372,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentata" subGenus="Leucandrena">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FA91E31851D5FAF7" box="[151,242,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Andrena</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FB04E31850A9FAF7" box="[258,398,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Leucandrena</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6FB98E3185322FAF7" box="[414,517,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">argentata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6F812E318539FFAF7" author="Warncke" box="[532,696,1372,1395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Warncke, K. (1968) Die Untergattungen der westpalaarktischen Bienen - gattung Andrena F. Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, (307), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1968">Warncke, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Mem. Est. Zool. Mus. Univ. Coimbra, (307): 94;
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6FEDFE31854BFFAF7" author="Osytshnjuk" box="[1241,1432,1372,1395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Osytshnjuk, A. Z. (1977) Bees - Andrenidae. Fauna Ukraini, 12 (5), 1 - 328. (in Ukrainian)" type="journal article" year="1977">Osytshnjuk, 1977</bibRefCitation>
, Faun. Ukraini, 12(5): 265;
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6FBF7E3385394FA17" author="Osytshnjuk" box="[497,691,1404,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Osytshnjuk, A. Z. (1995) Andrena. In Lehr, P. A. (ed.) Key to the Insects of Russian Far East in six volumes. vol. 4, Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera, Part 1. St. Petersburg, Nauka, pp. 489 - 527." type="journal article" year="1995">Osytshnjuk, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, Key Insects Russian Far East, Vol. IV, Part 1, 509, 525 [female &amp; male, in key];
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6FB67E3D85399FA37" author="Gusenleitner" box="[353,702,1436,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" refString="Gusenleitner, F. and Schwarz, M. (2002) Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena mit Bemerkungen und Erganzungen zu palaarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena). Entomofauna, 12 (Supplement), 1 - 1280." type="journal article" year="2002">Gusenleitner and Schwarz, 2002</bibRefCitation>
, Entomofauna, 12(suppl.): 93–94 [remarks].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FA91E3A6537AFA78" blockId="3.[151,1437,1506,1803]" box="[151,605,1506,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Redescription: See
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6FB7DE3A6537EFA78" author="Osytshnjuk" box="[379,601,1506,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Osytshnjuk, A. Z. (1977) Bees - Andrenidae. Fauna Ukraini, 12 (5), 1 - 328. (in Ukrainian)" type="journal article" year="1977">Osytshnjuk (1977)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EA4FA1F77FFD6FAC3E04D53DDF88F" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC3E04D5221F9A7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1506,1803]" box="[197,774,1545,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Specimens examined: Not available in this study.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC3E07454A2F93A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1506,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Remarks: Although we could not examine the material collected from
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FE36E074558EF9CE" box="[1072,1193,1584,1610]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">East Asia</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F77FFD6FEB0E07454BAF9CE" author="Osytshnjuk" box="[1206,1437,1584,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" refString="Osytshnjuk, A. Z. (1995) Andrena. In Lehr, P. A. (ed.) Key to the Insects of Russian Far East in six volumes. vol. 4, Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera, Part 1. St. Petersburg, Nauka, pp. 489 - 527." type="journal article" year="1995">Osytshnjuk (1995)</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species from
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FBD0E0125303F9F4" box="[470,548,1622,1648]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Russia</collectingCountry>
Far East. As in
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6F8E2E01352ADF9F4" box="[740,906,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbilabris">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F8E2E01353D1F9F4" box="[740,758,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F900E01352ADF9F4" box="[774,906,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">barbilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pronotum has a weak humeral angle and dorsoventral ridge. It can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F77FFD6F8C8E039527BF912" box="[718,860,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbilabris">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F77FFD6F8C8E039527BF912" box="[718,860,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">barbilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the labral process trapezoidal-shaped, the propodeal enclosure tessellate, not rugulose, and the metasomal terga 2–4 with distinct and close punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC3E08E554CF960" blockId="3.[151,1437,1506,1803]" box="[197,1131,1738,1764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6FB64E08E5097F960" box="[354,432,1738,1764]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Russia</collectingCountry>
(Far East Area, European
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6F8EEE08E521CF960" box="[744,827,1738,1764]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Russia</collectingCountry>
); Middle to north Europe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F77FFD6FAC0E0B553DDF88F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1506,1803]" box="[198,762,1777,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
Floral association: not available from
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F77FFD6F885E0B553D0F88F" box="[643,759,1777,1803]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">East Asia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="34F9C18E2855B6ECA92FFB2489C8C0BA">A revision of the subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae)</mods:title>
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7.
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(
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)
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Hirashima
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<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F7DFFDCFA91E4205333FDFF" ID-CoL="DSSF" authority="Hirashima, 1957" authorityName="Hirashima" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,532,612,635]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsi">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7DFFDCFA91E420507EFDFF" box="[151,345,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Andrena richardsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
, Mushi, 30: 54–55 [female and male,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F7DFFDCF9AFE42052CBFDFF" box="[937,1004,612,635]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Japan</collectingCountry>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFA91E4C0559DFD5F" blockId="9.[151,1381,612,731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F7DFFDCFA91E4C0533BFD1F" ID-CoL="DSSF" authority="Hirashima, 1965" authorityName="Hirashima" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,540,644,667]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsi">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7DFFDCFA91E4C0507EFD1F" box="[151,345,644,667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Andrena richardsi</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F7DFFDCFB61E4C0533BFD1F" author="Hirashima" box="[359,540,644,667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Hirashima, Y. (1965) Systematic and biological studies of the family Andrenidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) Part 2. Systematics 5. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 13 (3), 461 - 491." type="journal article" year="1965">Hirashima, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, J. Fac. Agri., Kyushu Univ., 13(3): 482–483 [female and male, redescription].
<taxonomicName id="0C848CF21F7DFFDCFA91E4E0533BFD3F" ID-CoL="DSSF" authority="Hirashima, 1966" authorityName="Hirashima" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,540,676,699]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsi">
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7DFFDCFA91E4E0507EFD3F" box="[151,345,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Andrena richardsi</emphasis>
:
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</taxonomicName>
, J. Fac. Agri., Kyushu Univ., 14(1): 111,119 [female and male, in key].
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<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7DFFDCFA91E48051D5FD5F" box="[151,242,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Andrena</emphasis>
(
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)
<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7DFFDCFB9AE48050DAFD5F" box="[412,509,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">richardsi</emphasis>
:
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, Entomofauna, 12(suppl.): 636.
</paragraph>
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Description: See
<bibRefCitation id="AF158A801F7DFFDCFB67E54E5315FCA0" author="Hirashima" box="[353,562,778,804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Hirashima, Y. (1965) Systematic and biological studies of the family Andrenidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) Part 2. Systematics 5. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 13 (3), 461 - 491." type="journal article" year="1965">Hirashima (1965)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFAC3E5755028FCF6" blockId="9.[151,1437,778,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Remarks: This species is easily separated from other species by the strongly wrinkled propodeal enclosure.</paragraph>
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Specimens examined:
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, Mt. Hakkoda, Mutsu Province, Honshu,
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F7DFFDCFE80E53A55F4FC1C" box="[1158,1235,894,920]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="BF3AD1B11F7DFFDCFEE7E53A5449FC1C" box="[1249,1390,894,920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" value="1958-07-06">6.vii. 1958</date>
(Y. Hirashima).
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Distribution:
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;
<collectingCountry id="B393B7E11F7DFFDCFBB2E58850D8FC62" box="[436,511,972,998]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BF7711F7DFFDCFAC3E5B65323FB88" blockId="9.[151,1437,778,1036]" box="[197,516,1010,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
Floral associations:
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<emphasis id="F9F02B631F7DFFDCFBA9E5B650FCFB8F" box="[431,475,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Ilex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
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Artbeschreibung:
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Blattscheiden rotbraun.
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stumpf 3kantig, glatt, gebogen.
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den
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Deckspelzen
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Mittelnerv und granniger Spitze.
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<normalizedToken id="7FDC0EBCB3946B3E42A152394B537981" originalValue="glänzend" pageNumber="1448">glaenzend</normalizedToken>
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, kahl, in einen langen, 2
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Schnabel
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,
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lang
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.
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<paragraph id="59F3208A63120CE8D62AA47080C636BE" pageNumber="1402">
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: 5-6
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Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz:
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,
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/ kollin / VS (unteres Rhonetal)
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Verbreitung global:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C084D150A7F4E4C19EC1D3E3EFE082B" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="9F92827C45E430F78C3B2E541DD8082C" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="0E23D085604CF983C9299F9015041BFF" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="1402" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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<table id="35F8661442C7D31FB566DDD94FE546E6" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="1402">
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</th>
<th id="703B58621B09CC22BE5E7BD1DA887936" colspan="2" pageNumber="1402">
<emphasis id="3BC4E1D6B5C615CC9BE507634B1F384C" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="95D7B3916C93B23111F6C4A549043D07" colspan="2" pageNumber="1402">
<emphasis id="F17215D9ACC230C232C0DD3BD91203AB" bold="true" pageNumber="1402">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="80F923C7FDD8A5905D4B8D6F34EE2F15" pageNumber="1402">
<td id="F3D53575F9982EF4AFE5FBB208CA71CF" pageNumber="1402">Feuchtezahl F</td>
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frisch; Feuchtigkeit
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wechselnd (
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1-2 Stufen)
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<td id="AC279F84910C7988753AE9D853EB5EF4" pageNumber="1402">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="192C2D72FA134477F1CC7BBA38779C7E" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left;width:60px">halbschattig</td>
<td id="077DB7DB44261B0DC7493DA3357A263F" pageNumber="1402">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="A8D70EA45B3DE2834322E2CEE233A62E" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CD51DAC7596019642F279997BF70779" pageNumber="1402">
<td id="609B19632699694CAD38648C99041C7D" pageNumber="1402">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="B59E855338B22CCD68D4E0158A43B510" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="3CAE5B9F883A8F08F917A7E1CFA48516" pageNumber="1402">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="3DA9D67E6705D10F1368ED38E45DA359" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left">warm-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="77859F27C539B8605ACAF5C2714798FA" pageNumber="1402">
<td id="DF996FC37975B88DECD3687DA4F6F21D" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="D309772666F57A34ACD4480C071107A0" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
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<normalizedToken id="6612B234556893CD4F823D957B5D3CA5" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1229C9112AB51CBEF9C4B8545ABCEB09" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="0109E44AA347B7FFF7F8E086F9096E25" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7F046B2E1D3EEEC3E7A5009603C2C754" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
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<normalizedToken id="9781B1D6DB7D1D7285D78CC46F199D8A" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="D98CE376F8B1D153C7267EF51E53674E" pageNumber="1402" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
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</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F742A8C62DFE7F78BEA96EDFCF8427E" pageNumber="1402" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="9245A26F9914F8A047B04F0164EB6098" pageNumber="1402">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="5ED51B4A60BAF3B93863CEDC9CDB366A" language="deu" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="3EAD4601BC3DC9196345F94BF768CB9B" originalValue="Armblütige">Armbluetige</normalizedToken>
Segge
</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="7773EBA89F3E1DE876195C0ABCE75716" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="7DA24AD5FFA60785B4E60C48F03ED5CE" language="fra" pageNumber="1402">
<normalizedToken id="E038D467452DFBC0F06BB4E8A0CB51AD" originalValue="Laîche">Laiche</normalizedToken>
appauvrie
</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="3B070F70EBC94EBC9ADA57134D1D8A59" language="ita" pageNumber="1402">Carice impoverita</vernacularName>
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<treatment id="432D5F6BFFA3FFBC6BACFF562B85FD2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7148823" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202142577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7148823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D5F6BFFA3FFBC6BACFF562B85FD2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D5F6BFFA3FFBC6BACFF562B85FD2A" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
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<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFF562CE7F9D1" blockId="16.[151,1031,151,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<heading id="90735911FFA3FFBC6BACFF562A1EF9B5" bold="true" box="[151,1031,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6BACFF562A1EF9B5" bold="true" box="[151,1031,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
Key to adult females of the Indian species of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC69FEFF562A1EF9B5" ID-CoL="4KSH" ID-ENA="1453294" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1928" box="[709,1031,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC69FEFF562D66F9B5" bold="true" box="[709,895,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">Formicococcus</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
amended from the key provided by
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFA3FFBC691CFF7A2CE7F9D1" author="Joshi, S. &amp; Bindu, J. K. &amp; Gullan, P. J. &amp; Sajeev, T. V. &amp; Anoop, E. V." box="[551,766,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" pagination="391 - 400" refId="ref14271" refString="Joshi, S., Bindu, J. K., Gullan, P. J., Sajeev, T. V. &amp; Anoop, E. V. (2020 a) A new species of mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from Tectona grandis L. f. (Lamiaceae) in southern India. Zootaxa, 4718 (3), 391 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4718.3.7" type="journal article" year="2020">
Joshi
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC695CFF7D2CB9F9D1" box="[615,672,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
(2020a)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFA3FFBC6BACFEC12B85FD2A" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" type="key">
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFEC12B85F837" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFEC12B84F812" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1437,256,278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFEC12B84F812" box="[151,1437,256,278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
1(0) Dorsal and ventral surfaces of anal lobes sclerotized, in addition to anal lobe bars...................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FDFFEC02B84F812" authority="(Ferris)" baseAuthorityName="Ferris" box="[1252,1437,256,278]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingnani">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FDFFEC02AEAF812" box="[1252,1267,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FC5FEC12B57F811" box="[1278,1358,256,277]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">lingnani</emphasis>
(Ferris)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFEDF2B85F837" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,285,307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFEDF2B85F837" box="[151,1436,285,307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">- Dorsal and ventral surfaces of anal lobes membranous except for anal lobe bars................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFEFA2B85F869" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFEFA2B85F854" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,315,337]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFEFA2B85F854" box="[151,1436,315,337]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">2(1) Ventral oral collar tubular ducts present anterior to abdomen, on thorax or on head and thorax........................ 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFE992B85F869" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,344,366]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFE992B85F869" box="[151,1436,344,366]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">- Ventral oral collar tubular ducts confined to abdomen, absent from head and thorax................................ 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFEB42B85F8C2" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFEB42B85F88F" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,373,395]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFEB42B85F88F" box="[151,1436,373,395]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">3(2) Multilocular disc pores present on marginal and submarginal areas of abdominal venter............................. 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFE522B85F8C2" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFE522B85F8C2" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">- Multilocular disc pores present only in the median area of abdomen, absent from marginal and submarginal areas of abdominal venter.............................................................................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFE0C2B85FB05" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFE0C2B85F8E7" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,461,483]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFE0C2B85F8E7" box="[151,1436,461,483]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
4(3) Ventral tubular ducts of 2 sizes.....................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FA7FE0F2B85F8E7" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" box="[1180,1436,461,483]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangiferacola">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FA7FE0F2B59F8E6" box="[1180,1344,461,483]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. mangiferacola</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFE2A2B85FB05" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,491,513]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFE2A2B85FB05" box="[151,1436,491,513]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">- Ventral tubular ducts of only 1 size....................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFDC92B85FB72" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFDC92B84FB3F" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFDC92B84FB3F" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
5(4) Most cerarian setae quite long, conical with flagellate tips. Marginal and submarginal groups of multilocular disc pores present only as forward as abdominal segment V. Hind femur without translucent pores...................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FE8FDE72B84FB3F" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[1235,1437,549,571]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FE8FDE72B52FB3E" box="[1235,1355,549,571]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. simplicior</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFD822B85FB72" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFD822B85FB72" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
- Most cerarian setae very elongate and flagellate. Marginal and submarginal groups of multilocular disc pores present as forward as abdominal segment III. Hind femur with translucent pores..............................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6F9BFDA02B85FB72" authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" box="[1184,1436,608,630]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicarius">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6F9BFDA02B31FB71" box="[1184,1320,608,630]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. formicarius</emphasis>
(Newstead)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFDBC2B85FBB4" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFDBC2B84FB97" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1437,637,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFDBC2B84FB97" box="[151,1437,637,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
6(3) Anal lobe inner margins meeting at base; dorsal setae stout but with flagellate tips.................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FE8FDBF2B84FB97" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[1235,1437,637,659]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicarii">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FE8FDBF2B52FB96" box="[1235,1355,637,659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. formicarii</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFD5A2B85FBB4" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,667,689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFD5A2B85FBB4" box="[151,1436,667,689]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">- Anal lobe inner margins widely separated at base; dorsal setae of variable shapes but never with flagellate tips........... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFD792B85FBEF" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFD792B85FBCA" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,696,718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFD792B85FBCA" box="[151,1436,696,718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
7(6) Dorsal setae blunt, stiff, many slightly knobbed, measuring 17–40 µm.............................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FD4FD782B85FBCA" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" box="[1263,1436,696,718]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FD4FD782B26FBC9" box="[1263,1343,696,718]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. latens</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFD172B85FBEF" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,725,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFD172B85FBEF" box="[151,1436,725,747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
- Dorsal setae stiff, conical, lanceolate and acute, measuring 6–20 µm..........................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FF9FD172B85FBEF" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" box="[1218,1436,725,747]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polysperes">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FF9FD172B59FBEE" box="[1218,1344,725,747]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. polysperes</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFD322B85FA21" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFD322B85FA0D" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,755,777]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFD322B85FA0D" box="[151,1436,755,777]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
8(2) Ventral setae thick, short and curved, including anal lobe bar setae, cisanal and obanal setae........
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FFAFD322B85FA0D" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" box="[1217,1436,755,777]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripurensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FFAFD322B59FA0C" box="[1217,1344,755,776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. tripurensis</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFCD12B85FA21" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,784,806]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFCD12B85FA21" box="[151,1436,784,806]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">- Ventral setae all flagellate.............................................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFCEC2B85FA64" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFCEC2B85FA47" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,813,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFCEC2B85FA47" box="[151,1436,813,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
9(8) Anal lobe cerarii each with 2 conical and 1 or 2 auxiliary setae................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6FFFFCEF2B85FA47" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" box="[1220,1436,813,835]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrinae">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6FFFFCEF2B59FA46" box="[1220,1344,813,835]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. erythrinae</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFC8A2B85FA64" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" box="[151,1436,843,865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFC8A2B85FA64" box="[151,1436,843,865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">- Anal lobe cerarii with more than 2 conical setae in addition to auxiliary setae.................................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFA3FFBC6BACFCA92B85FD2A" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFCA92B85FAD2" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFCA92B85FAD2" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
10(9) Cerarii basically numbering 18 pairs, sometimes as few as 14 pairs discernible but number can vary between different sides of same specimen. All cerarian setae conical, a few with flagellate tips. Dorsal setae short and stiff, each 10–20 μm long. Multilocular disc pores present as far forward as abdominal segment V. Translucent pores present on hind coxa and tibia.............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6F66FC002B85FAD2" authority="(Ezzat &amp; McConnell)" baseAuthorityName="Ezzat &amp; McConnell" box="[1117,1436,960,982]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6F66FC002ADFFAD1" box="[1117,1222,960,982]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. robustus</emphasis>
(Ezzat &amp; McConnell)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFA3FFBC6BACFC1F2B85FD2A" blockId="16.[151,1437,256,1070]" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFA3FFBC6BACFC1F2B85FD2A" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">
- Cerarii numbering 11–15 pairs. All cerarian setae conical with flagellate tips. Dorsal setae longer, 17–65 μm long, each thick and stiff with flagellate tip. Multilocular disc pores present as far forward as abdominal segment IV. Translucent pores present only on hind coxa, absent from or very rare on hind tibia..........................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFA3FFBC6F6EFBD82B85FD2A" authority="Joshi, Bindu &amp; Gullan" box="[1109,1436,1048,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tectonae">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFA3FFBC6F6EFBD82AA7FD2A" box="[1109,1214,1049,1070]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="229">F. tectonae</emphasis>
Joshi, Bindu &amp; Gullan
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="66C77A6AB4B4C0C4F7E0553E96DAFE74">Recent adventive soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in India</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6BACFF562F61F9B5" bold="true" box="[151,376,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Maacoccus piperis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6BACFF1D2F5EF9F7" box="[151,327,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Lecanium piperis</emphasis>
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:
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, on
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6FE7FEE22B61F838" box="[1244,1400,291,316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Piper nigrum</emphasis>
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L. (
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),
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFB0FFAF6A0AFE872FB5F864" box="[305,428,326,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216" value="2013-11-27">27.xi.2013</date>
, B. Manjunath coll.,
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6BACF9B62F08FF8B" bold="true" box="[151,273,1655,1679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Live appearance of:
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6ACDF9B92CADFF8B" box="[502,692,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Maacoccus piperis</emphasis>
(Green)
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6817F9B62DD5FF8B" box="[812,972,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
De Lotto
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;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6F0EF9B62A5FFF8B" bold="true" box="[1077,1094,1655,1679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">c.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6F70F9B62B32FF8B" box="[1099,1323,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
Takahashi
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;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6BACF95A2EB5FFB7" bold="true" box="[151,172,1691,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">d.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6B89F95A2FCFFFB7" box="[178,470,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Fistulococcus pokfulamensis</emphasis>
Hodgson &amp; Martin
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;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6991F95A2CA5FFB7" bold="true" box="[682,700,1691,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">e.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB0FFAF69F9F95A2DE9FFB7" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[706,1008,1691,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF69F9F95A2D99FFB7" box="[706,896,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Antonina thaiensis</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF68C2F95A2A11FFB7" bold="true" box="[1017,1032,1691,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">f.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB0FFAF6F35F95D2B69FFB7" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[1038,1392,1691,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6F35F95D2B01FFB7" box="[1038,1304,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Formicococcus simplicior</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB0FFAF6BFCF9202F46FEF3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1761,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB0FFAF6BFCF9202FBBFFFF" bold="true" box="[199,418,1761,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB0FFAF6A8AF9202C1BFFFF" box="[433,514,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="216">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
): Body bright reddish yellow to reddish brown, dorsal ridges and margin darker or even paler in some individuals; a few irregular dark brown radiating lines or chains of spots more or less distinct in different individuals. Dorsal surface covered with a thin transparent waxy or glassy coating. Eyes black, prominent, distinctly defined. Body broadly oval, moderately convex, broadest across median area and roughly pointed on front and back, with sharply defined median longitudinal and two transverse ridges, the median ridge touching the margin in front and terminating at the anal aperture, the anterior transverse ridge meeting the margin between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts, posterior ridge extending to a point about midway between the posterior stigmatic cleft and the anal cleft.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB7FFA96BFCFF572ECEF819" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB7FFA86BFCFF572CD9F9FD" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86BFCFF572CB2F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,683,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=2) (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86838FF562D50F9B5" box="[771,841,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
): Body 4.0–5.0 mm long, 3.0–
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB7FFA86F92FF572B19F9B5" box="[1193,1280,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
wide, oval to asymmetrical, broadest at level of mesothoracic legs (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA869D0FF7A2D25F9D1" box="[747,828,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
); stigmatic clefts small but deep and distinct; anal cleft shallow, 750 µm long, about 1/7
<superScript id="3CF14335FFB7FFA8693AFF1F2C17F9E8" attach="left" box="[513,526,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">th</superScript>
of body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB7FFA86BFCFEC22F56FB3C" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86BFCFEC22F03F818" box="[199,282,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae each 21–25 µm long, curved posteriorly, broadening apically, sickle shaped, and serrated on outer margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86A85FEE72C0AF844" box="[446,531,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
); with 27–32 setae on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts, 80–90 setae between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft, and 100–110 setae anteriorly between anterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts each containing 9 to 13 stigmatic setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86863FEAC2DB0F883" box="[856,937,365,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
), each seta with rather parallel sides, bluntly pointed and slightly swollen at proximal end; median seta longest, 32–45 µm long, lateral setae (which all curve away from median seta) each 25-35 µm long. Stigmatic cleft deep, with highly sclerotized inner margin. Anal cleft with sides either closely adpressed but not fused, or slightly divergent (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86888FE162A1FF8F5" box="[947,1030,471,497]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
). Eyespots situated on dorsum, each approximately dorsad to a point just posterior to antennal base; each lens 30–37 µm wide, situated in pale area 70–75 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB7FFA86BFCFD822EF5FD49" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86BFCFD822F38FB58" box="[199,289,579,604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm highly sclerotized throughout at maturity, with fine reticulation (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86F75FD832A86FB58" box="[1102,1183,578,604]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
) throughout; marginal and submarginal bands formed by pattern of lighter spots on the darker area and dark spots on the lighter area (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86BA4FD482EEAFBA7" box="[159,243,649,675]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
); median area relatively lighter, with randomly distributed small irregular dark patches; transverse ridges conspicuous by being completely colourless. Setae each shorter than width of basal socket (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86FFFFD6D2B0DFBC2" box="[1220,1300,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
) (could not be measured because of upright position), with bluntly rounded apex, frequent throughout but most abundant on submarginal areas. Pores not detected. Preopercular pores each oval to circular (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86F23FD322A72FA09" box="[1048,1131,755,781]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB7FFA86F76FD322A72FA09" box="[1101,1131,755,781]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), 2.5–5.0 µm long, slightly convex, each situated on pale dermal area 12–15 µm in diameter, arranged in 3 groups on each side, forming 2 divergent lines extending anteriorly from anal plates to the abdominal segment I; first group with 63–75, second with 55–62 and third with 2–6 pores on each side. Tubular ducts absent. Submarginal tubercles absent. Anal plates together rather pyriform, with external margins convex (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86836FC402D78FA9F" box="[781,865,897,923]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
); each plate with anterolateral margin considerably longer than posterolateral margin, outer angle rounded and apex with 4 setae: 1 present apically (10–17 µm long), 2 along inner margin and 1 on posterolateral margin, all probably small and fine; length of anal plates 145–160 µm, width of a single plate 54–60 µm. Ano-genital fold (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA869CFFC2A2D5EFD01" box="[756,839,1003,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2h</figureCitation>
) with 2 pairs of minute setae present along anterior margin (9–10 µm long) and 2 or 3 pairs of longer fine setae laterally, each 22–25 µm long. Anal ring (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86E34FBCE2B42FD2D" box="[1295,1371,1039,1065]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2i</figureCitation>
) with 8 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB7FFA86BFCFB962FD1FFEA" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86BFCFB962F16FD74" box="[199,271,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Multilocular pores absent. Setae: with pairs of long setae on abdominal segments IV–VI measuring 105–110 µm, 70–80 µm and 50–60 µm (those nearest genital opening the longest); shorter setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86A0FFB5C2F98FDB3" box="[308,385,1181,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2j</figureCitation>
), each 15–20 µm long, rather frequent, particularly medially on last few pregenital segments; with 2 pairs of interantennal setae, measuring 30–35 µm and 65–70 µm long, respectively. Submarginal setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86BA4FB252EEBFDFA" box="[159,242,1252,1278]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2k</figureCitation>
) numbering 32–34 between anterior spiracular clefts, each side with 11–13 between anterior and posterior spiracular clefts and 29–34 between posterior spiracular cleft and anal cleft. Spiracles (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86F74FAC62A81FC25" box="[1103,1176,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2l</figureCitation>
) normal with peritreme widths: anterior 28–36 µm, posterior 35–39 µm. Spiracular disc pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA8688CFAEA2A09FC41" box="[951,1040,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
Fig.
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) each mainly with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between margin and each spiracle, also a very few present more medially near coxae; with 25–55 disc pores in each anterior band and
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each posterior band. Legs quite well developed, each with tibia and tarsus separate but no articulatory sclerosis (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA869BEFA542CC1FCAB" box="[645,728,1429,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2n</figureCitation>
); claws each without a denticle; claw digitules both very broad, 40–50 µm long, longer than claw; tarsal digitules normal, longer than claw digitules (70–80 µm). Dimensions of hind legs: trochanter+femur 232–273 µm, tibia 131–170 µm, tarsus 101–142 µm. Antennae each 6-segmented (
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), but
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with 8 segments on one side and 7 on other; third segment the longest, with 0–2 pseudoarticulations; total antenna length 500–585 µm; segments I–III each with a single fine seta, segment IV with 1 fleshy seta, segment V with 1 fine seta and 1 fleshy seta, and segment VI with 7 fleshy setae and 1 fine seta. Microducts minute (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86BC3F9AB2F49FF80" box="[248,336,1642,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2p</figureCitation>
), usually present around mouthparts but very hard to detect on available specimens, probably sparse. Tubular ducts (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB7FFA86AA0F94C2FF6FFA3" box="[411,495,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[209,1375,312,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[195,1392,309,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maacoccus piperis (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Body derm; b. Marginal setae; c. Stigmatic setae; d. Anal plate; e. Preopercular pores; f. Dorsal seta; g. Preopercular pores; h. Anogenital fold; i. Anal ring; j. Ventral setae on pregenital segments; k. Submarginal setae; l. Spiracle; m. Spiracular pores; n. Hind leg; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microduct; q. Ventral tubular ducts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147203/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2q</figureCitation>
) each with a wide outer ductule and a rather thin, indistinct, inner ductule with a small terminal gland, only present medially and mediolaterally on abdominal segment VI, in a band of 15–25 ducts. Labium about 75 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB7FFA86BFCF9362F97FE79" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86BFCF9362F42FE15" bold="true" box="[199,347,1783,1809]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Comparison</emphasis>
: The early descriptions of this species by
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;
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB7FFA868FBF9392DE0FE16" author="Green, E. E." box="[960,1017,1784,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" pagination="1007 - 1037" refId="ref13485" refString="Green, E. E. (1922) Supplementary notes on the Coccidae of Ceylon. Part IV. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 28, 1007 - 1037." type="journal article" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
) are scanty; the redescription by
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB7FFA86E5EF9392EFBFE31" author="Tang, F. T." pageId="4" pageNumber="217" refId="ref15621" refString="Tang, F. T. (1991) The Coccidae of China. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, 377 pp." type="book" year="1991">Tang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
is in Chinese and therefore not accessible to all. The above description based on Indian material matches those by
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB7FFA86A39F8FE2F8CFE5D" author="Green, E. E." box="[258,405,1855,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" pagination="171 - 249" refId="ref13448" refString="Green, E. E. (1904) s. n. In: The Coccidae of Ceylon. Pt. III. Dulau &amp; Co., London, pp. 171 - 249." type="book chapter" year="1904">Green (1904</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB7FFA86A9FF8FE2FC4FE5D" author="Green, E. E." box="[420,477,1855,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" pagination="1007 - 1037" refId="ref13485" refString="Green, E. E. (1922) Supplementary notes on the Coccidae of Ceylon. Part IV. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 28, 1007 - 1037." type="journal article" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
) and the keys to the species of the genus available, so we are sure that the Indian material is
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB7FFA86A2FF8A22F9EFE78" box="[276,391,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Maacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86A2FF8A22F9EFE78" box="[276,391,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">M. piperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB7FFA96BFCF8442ECEF819" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,2023]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86BFCF8442F9CFEA4" bold="true" box="[199,389,1925,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Ecological notes</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB7FFA86AA8F8472C41FE9B" box="[403,600,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">
Macoccus
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB7FFA86931F8472C41FE9B" box="[522,600,1926,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Maacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">piperis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has been collected only once, at Bengaluru,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFB7FFA86F7BF8442AAEFE9B" box="[1088,1207,1925,1951]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
. Perhaps this species does not cause any economic damage at present and hence has been neglected previously, though it is probably present in other pepper-growing areas of
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB7FFA8695FF80D2CB8FEE2" box="[612,673,1996,2022]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="217">India</collectingCountry>
. In the present study, the scale was found in large numbers but more than 90% of the collected specimens had been parasitized, showing the exit holes of emerged adult parasitoids, so we could not collect or rear any parasitoids. This indicates that the population is being kept at a low level by these parasitoids. In the present study no ant species were found attending the scale insects, nor any predators preying on them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="432D5F6BFFB1FFAE6BACFD862FCCFE65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7148757" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202142560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7148757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D5F6BFFB1FFAE6BACFD862FCCFE65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D5F6BFFB1FFAE6BACFD862FCCFE65" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB1FFAE6BACFD862D74FB64" box="[151,877,582,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFD862D74FB64" blockId="2.[151,877,582,609]" box="[151,877,582,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<heading id="90735911FFB1FFAE6BACFD862D74FB64" bold="true" box="[151,877,582,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6BACFD862D74FB64" bold="true" box="[151,877,582,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
Key to separate the families
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6AC1FD872CA7FB64" ID-CoL="F8D" ID-ENA="30190" authorityName="Heymons" authorityYear="1915" box="[506,702,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE69C0FD872D74FB64" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[763,877,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB1FFAE6BACFD4D2B85FA6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" type="key">
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFB1FFAE6BACFD4D2B85FA6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFD4D2B85FBFE" blockId="2.[151,1437,652,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFD4D2B85FBFE" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
1(0) Labium three segmented in adult stage.Anal area without anal plates or anal cleft; anal ring with three pairs of setae, normally on body surface. Ostioles normally present. Cerarii normally present, at least on anal lobe. Circuli numbering 0 or 1, occasionally more. Spiracular atrium not connected to body margin by furrow containing wax pores; without differentiated spiracular setae. Cuticle with swirled-type trilocular pores. Hind legs with translucent pores often present................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6E38FD252B85FBFE" ID-CoL="F8D" box="[1283,1436,740,762]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFCC02B85FA6B" blockId="2.[151,1437,652,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFCC02B85FA6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
- Labium one segmented in adult stage. Posterior apex of body usually with conspicuous anal cleft; anal area with paired anal plates; anal ring set at end of eversible anal tube. Spiracular atrium connected to body margin by furrow containing wax pores; differentiated spiracular setae present at outer end of spiracular furrow. Cuticle without swirled-type trilocular pores. Hind legs without translucent pores........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6E78FC982B85FA6B" ID-CoL="8D9" box="[1347,1436,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB1FFAE6BACFC5F2A71FAFB" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFC5F2A71FAFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,925,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
Four species of soft scale insect (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6ACCFC5C2D2EFAB3" box="[503,823,925,951]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6ACCFC5C2D2EFAB3" box="[503,823,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">Fistulococcus pokfulamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6879FC5C2DEBFAB3" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[834,1010,925,951]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6879FC5C2DEBFAB3" box="[834,1010,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE68C6FC5F2AD7FAB3" box="[1021,1230,926,951]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Maacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE68C6FC5F2AD7FAB3" box="[1021,1230,926,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">Maacoccus piperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6FC5FC5C2EF2FADF" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6FC5FC5C2EF2FADF" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and two species of mealybug (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE695FFC032D20FADF" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[612,825,961,988]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE695FFC032D20FADF" box="[612,825,961,988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">Antonina thaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE684EFC032A87FADF" box="[885,1182,961,987]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE684EFC032A87FADF" box="[885,1182,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">Formicococcus simplicior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) being recorded from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB1FFAE6BACFC242EC8FAFB" box="[151,209,997,1023]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">India</collectingCountry>
for the first time in this work. They can be separated by using the following keys.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB1FFAE6BACFB902B84FFF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" type="key">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFB902A4EFD6F" blockId="2.[151,1111,1105,1131]" box="[151,1111,1105,1131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<heading id="90735911FFB1FFAE6BACFB902A4EFD6F" bold="true" box="[151,1111,1105,1131]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6BACFB902A4EFD6F" bold="true" box="[151,1111,1105,1131]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
Key to separate the soft scale insects (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6950FB902CF8FD6F" ID-CoL="8D9" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[619,737,1105,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
) reported in the present work
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFB1FFAE6BACFB572B85FDCD" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFB572B85FDA8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1174,1460]" box="[151,1436,1174,1196]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFB572B85FDA8" box="[151,1436,1174,1196]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
1(0) Stigmatic setae absent; submarginal chambered ducts present; legs very small.........
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6F04FB562B85FDA8" authority="Hodgson &amp; Martin" authorityName="Hodgson &amp; Martin" box="[1087,1436,1174,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6F04FB562AC6FDAF" box="[1087,1247,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">F. pokfulamensis</emphasis>
Hodgson &amp; Martin
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFB752B85FDCD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1174,1460]" box="[151,1436,1204,1226]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFB752B85FDCD" box="[151,1436,1204,1226]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">- Stigmatic setae present; submarginal chambered ducts absent; legs moderately or well developed..................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFB1FFAE6BACFB102B85FC3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFB102B85FC00" blockId="2.[151,1437,1174,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFB102B85FC00" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
2(1) Coxae of meso- and metathoracic legs much enlarged, each with anterolateral cavity. Each anal plate with anterior margin longer than posterior margin. Each middle and hind leg with tibio-tarsal spur....................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6FF5FB2E2B85FC00" ID-CoL="3R7MJ" authority="De Lotto" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[1230,1436,1262,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6FF5FB2E2B58FC07" box="[1230,1345,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">K. deltoides</emphasis>
De Lotto
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFACD2B85FC3A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1174,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFACD2B85FC3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">- Coxae all of similar size, each without coxal cavity. Each anal plate with anterior and posterior margins subequal. Each leg without tibio-tarsal spur................................................................................ 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFB1FFAE6BACFA872B85FCB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFA872B84FC7D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1174,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFA872B84FC7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
3(2) Each anal plate with entire exterior margin smoothly convex. Marginal setae sickle shaped. Each stigmatic cleft containing 9 or 13 stigmatic setae......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6FD2FAA52B84FC7D" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[1257,1437,1380,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Maacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6FD2FAA52B55FC7D" box="[1257,1356,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">M. piperis</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACFA402B85FCB0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1174,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACFA402B85FCB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
- Each anal plate with external margins straight and only outer angle rounded. Marginal setae fan-shaped. Each stigmatic cleft containing 3 stigmatic setae.............................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6FEDFA5E2B85FCB0" ID-CoL="4CY9C" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[1238,1436,1438,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6FEDFA5E2B2FFCB7" box="[1238,1334,1438,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">P. machili</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACF9C62A5EFF25" blockId="2.[151,1095,1542,1569]" box="[151,1095,1542,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<heading id="90735911FFB1FFAE6BACF9C62A5EFF25" bold="true" box="[151,1095,1542,1569]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6BACF9C62A5EFF25" bold="true" box="[151,1095,1542,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
Key to the mealybug species (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE693DF9C72CD7FF24" ID-CoL="F8D" authorityName="Heymons" authorityYear="1915" box="[518,718,1542,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
) reported in the present study
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFB1FFAE6BACF98D2B84FFF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACF98D2B85FF98" blockId="2.[151,1437,1612,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACF98D2B85FF98" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
1(0) Antenna 2 segmented. Legs, circulus, ostioles and cerarii absent. Anal lobes weakly developed. Anal ring situated at the inner end of anal tube. Disc-like pores present on venter posterior to posterior spiracles. Multilocular pores forming band around entire body margin...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6FFDF9462B85FF98" ID-CoL="F3V6" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[1222,1436,1670,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6FFDF9462B2CFF9F" box="[1222,1333,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">A. thaiensis</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACF9652B84FFF7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1612,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFB1FFAE6BACF9652B84FFF7" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
- Antenna 8 segmented. Legs and circulus present, ostioles well developed. Cerarii numbering18 pairs.Anal lobes well developed. Anal ring situated on body surface. Disc-like pores absent from venter. Multilocular disc pores present on abdomen only, across medial areas and sparsely near margins...................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6FE8F91E2B84FFF7" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[1235,1437,1758,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6FE8F91E2B52FFF7" box="[1235,1355,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">F. simplicior</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB1FFAE6BACF8E22FCCFE65" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB1FFAE6BACF8E22FCCFE65" blockId="2.[151,1436,1827,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">
A detailed redescription of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB1FFAE6AFBF8E22C2BFE38" box="[448,562,1827,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Maacoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB1FFAE6AFBF8E22C2BFE38" box="[448,562,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">M. piperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and diagnoses of the remaining five species, each based on specimens collected from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB1FFAE6BEEF8862F08FE65" box="[213,273,1863,1889]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="215">India</collectingCountry>
, are given below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Key to the Indian species of
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Character states of
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. All the remaining species were studied using slide-mounted Indian specimens.
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<keyLead id="70754D48FFB5FFAA6BACFEA72B85F87F" box="[151,1436,357,379]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">- Each stigmatic cleft with 3 stigmatic setae. Dorsal tubular ducts present.......................................... 3</keyLead>
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2(1) Antenna 6-segmented. Dorsal tubular ducts present in a sparse line near margin..................
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- Antenna 6- or 8-segmented. Dorsal tubular ducts absent........................................
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3(1) Venter of abdominal segment VI with a band of 18‒26 medial and mediolateral tubular ducts. Anal plate with 1 apical seta, 2 inner margin setae and 1 outer margin seta (total 4 pairs). Live adult female with conspicuous colourless median longitudinal and 2 transverse carinae forming shape of gallows.........................................
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- Venter of abdominal segment VI with a band of 14‒16 medial and mediolateral tubular ducts. Anal plate with 1 apical seta, 2 inner margin setae and 3 setae on dorsal surface of anal plate (total 6 pairs). Live adult female dark ochreous in medial area, lighter towards margin, without any dorsal markings............................................
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<mods:namePart id="CF919B20E3C76683E8FBD53519417D3B">Rachana, R. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0521887424E52F41B9A138F5C300CF2E">Dubey, Vinod Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="762A3B4BFF15954A09F878A137774372">Sandeep, Angalakuditi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB988B81E5F3CCDDBBD0561CB99C62EF">Deepthy, K. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="069EA8EF5D5FAA7DB5D69D67B88C80FC">Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, KAU PO, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India. &amp; deepthy. kb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9376 - 3856</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B0B0F9F26087E79BD3C6D2F72B7C82D0">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="432D5F6BFFB5FFAB6BACFD792F97F9FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7148761" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202142564" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7148761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D5F6BFFB5FFAB6BACFD792F97F9FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D5F6BFFB5FFAB6BACFD792F97F9FD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
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<heading id="90735911FFB5FFAA6BACFD792FD3FBD7" bold="true" box="[151,458,696,723]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6BACFD792FD3FBD7" ID-CoL="3R7MJ" authority="De Lotto" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,458,696,723]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFD792FD3FBD7" bold="true" box="[151,458,696,723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFD792F4CFBD7" bold="true" box="[151,341,696,723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
De Lotto
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2CFAFA11" box="[151,739,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2CFAFA11" blockId="6.[151,739,765,789]" box="[151,739,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2CFAFA11" box="[151,739,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2C13FA11" author="De Lotto, G." box="[151,522,765,789]" page="208" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2C13FA11" ID-CoL="3R7MJ" authority="De Lotto 1965: 208" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,522,765,789]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFD3C2F20FA11" box="[151,313,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB5FFAA6A7BFD3C2C13FA11" author="De Lotto, G." box="[320,522,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" pagination="175 - 239" refId="ref13177" refString="De Lotto, G. (1965) On some Coccidae (Homoptera), chiefly from Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 16, 175 - 239." type="journal article" year="1965">De Lotto 1965: 208</bibRefCitation>
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; Ben Dov 1979: 319.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB5FFAA6BACFC822AEDFAE9" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BACFC822B08FA86" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BACFC822F64FA59" bold="true" box="[151,381,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB5FFAA6AB4FC822FF8FA59" box="[399,481,835,861]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFB5FFAA6AD4FC822C7CFA59" box="[495,613,835,861]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
, Ponnampet, College of Forestry,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFB5FFAA68C9FC852A60FA59" box="[1010,1145,835,862]" degrees="12.1490" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" precision="5" value="12.149">N 12.1490°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFB5FFAA6FB3FC852B15FA5A" box="[1160,1292,835,862]" degrees="75.9405" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" precision="5" value="75.9405">E 75.9405°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6E7BFC822FFCFA85" authority="Gaertn." authorityName="Gaertn." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psydrax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dicoccos">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6E7BFC822EE0FA85" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Psydrax dicoccos</emphasis>
Gaertn. (Rubiaceae)
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,
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFB5FFAA6ACBFCA62C7BFA85" box="[496,610,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" value="2020-10-13">13.x.2020</date>
, Angalakuditi Sandeep and Vinodkumar Dubey coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFB5FFAA6F85FCA62B14FA86" box="[1214,1293,871,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" type="female">10 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCFC4A2AEDFAE9" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFC4A2FB8FAA1" bold="true" box="[199,417,907,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6A8BFC4A2C1BFAA1" box="[432,514,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
): Adult female pale green, marginal and submarginal areas completely transparent, medial area opaque yellow, flat, anterior pointed, broadly rounded behind, broadest near anal plates; eyes black, prominent; anal plates yellowish brown; anal cleft and stigmatic clefts conspicuous, whitish yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFB5FFAB6BFCFC362F97F9FD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCFC362C8AFDC2" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFC362C8FFD15" bold="true" box="[199,662,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=10): Body usually pyriform in outline (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F5BFC362AB6FD15" box="[1120,1199,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig.3q</figureCitation>
), often asymmetrical; stigmatic clefts shallow; anal cleft deep, about 1/4
<superScript id="3CF14335FFB5FFAA69EFFBDA2CF8FD2D" attach="left" box="[724,737,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">th</superScript>
body length. Marginal setae strongly spinose, with a broadly branched apex (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6A7CFBFE2F8CFD5D" box="[327,405,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
) and a broad basal socket. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each containing 3 setae, all blunt; median seta slightly curved, with basal socket similar to a marginal seta, lateral setae very short and straight (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6FC2FBA22B50FD79" box="[1273,1353,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
) with a narrow basal socket. Anal cleft with sides adpressed but not fused. Dorsal setae each clavate (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F8AFB462B19FDA5" box="[1201,1280,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
) with a broad basal socket, arranged in a polygonal pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCFB112B06FC7D" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFB112F38FDED" box="[199,289,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Pores oval, rimmed with a slit-like opening (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA681FFB0E2D61FDED" box="[804,888,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
). Preopercular pores each small and flat, circular to oval, with a granulate surface (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6936FB322C47FC09" box="[525,606,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
), present in an elongate group anterior to anal plates, each pore associated with a pale areolation. Tubular ducts absent. Submarginal tubercles each convex and simple, present in a submarginal row (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6BEEFAFA2F3EFC51" box="[213,295,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
). Anal plates together kite shaped (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA69FBFAFA2D0DFC51" box="[704,788,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB5FFAA69CCFAFA2D0DFC51" box="[759,788,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) with anterolateral margin around 1.6 times longer than posterolateral margin. Dorsal surface of anal plates with 3 or 4 small apical or subapical setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F85FA9E2B08FC7D" box="[1214,1297,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCFA452D58FF55" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCFA452F16FC99" box="[199,271,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Venter</emphasis>
: Ano-genital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA68FCFA422A0BFC99" box="[967,1042,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3i</figureCitation>
) and 3 pairs of short setae laterally (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6BA4FA662EF4FCC5" box="[159,237,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3j</figureCitation>
). Multilocular pores mostly each with 5, 6 or 7 loculi (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6860FA662DB6FCC5" box="[859,943,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3k</figureCitation>
), present in small groups on either side and around anterior margin of genital opening. Spiracular disc pores each with 5 loculi (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F02FA0A2A9DFCE1" box="[1081,1156,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3l</figureCitation>
). Legs distinctive; meso-and metathoracic leg coxae enlarged, each with an anterolateral cavity (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA68E9FA2E2A29FF0D" box="[978,1072,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB5FFAA6F32FA2E2A29FF0D" box="[1033,1072,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
); claw digitules both broad and noticeably shorter than tarsal digitules (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA696BF9D22CBAFF29" box="[592,675,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3n</figureCitation>
). Antennae each with 6 segments (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA6F1FF9D22A6EFF29" box="[1060,1143,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3o</figureCitation>
). Labium surrounded by a group of ventral microducts on area around labium (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB5FFAA69DBF9F62D2DFF55" box="[736,820,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-62@7.[158,1430,273,1719]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, diagnostic characters of slide mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Dorsal setae and dark-rimmed pores; d. Close up of dark-rimmed pore showing slit-like opening; e. Preopercular pores; f. Submarginal tubercle; g. Anal plate with longer anterolateral margin; h. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; i. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; j. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; k. Pregenital disc pores; l. Spiracular pores; m. Leg showing coxal cavity; n. Claw digitules and tarsal digitules; o. Antenna; p. Ventral microducts around labium; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3p</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAA6BFCF99A2C46FE91" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCF99A2F42FF71" bold="true" box="[199,347,1627,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Comparison</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB5FFAA6A51F99D2C3AFF71" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[362,547,1627,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" pagination="311 - 324" refId="ref13100" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1979) A taxonomic study of the soft-scale genus Kilifia (Coccidae). Systematic Entomology, 4, 311 - 324." type="journal article" year="1979">Ben-Dov (1979)</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed description and illustration of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6F66F99D2AFAFF71" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[1117,1251,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6F66F99D2AFAFF71" box="[1117,1251,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. His description states that the species possesses 30–36 preopercular pores, whereas the specimens examined in this study possessed 15–26 preopercular pores. Similarly, the illustration by Ben-Dov indicates the presence of 5 dorsal submarginal tubercles on each side (though not mentioned in the description), but the specimens examined by us had 8 or 9 dorsal submarginal tubercles on each side (total 17 or 18). Previous to this study, only
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6F25F92D2B29FE01" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1054,1328,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminata">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6F25F92D2AAFFE01" box="[1054,1206,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. acuminata</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
had been reported from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB5FFAA6A01F8CE2F6DFE2D" box="[314,372,1807,1833]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB5FFAA6AB8F8CE2CD0FE2D" author="Joshi, S. &amp; Rameshkumar, A." box="[387,713,1807,1833]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" pagination="629 - 635" refId="ref14148" refString="Joshi, S. &amp; Rameshkumar, A. (2017) Silent foray of three soft scale insects in India. Current Science, 112, 629 - 635. https: // doi. org / 10.18520 / cs / v 112 / i 03 / 629 - 635" type="journal article" year="2017">Joshi &amp; Rameshkumar 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA69E7F8CE2DBBFE2D" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[732,930,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuminata">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA69E7F8CE2DBBFE2D" box="[732,930,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia acuminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6FC9F8D12B60FE2D" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[1266,1401,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6FC9F8D12B60FE2D" box="[1266,1401,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of (characters of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6ACAF8F52C60FE49" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[497,633,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6ACAF8F52C60FE49" box="[497,633,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">K. deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given in the parentheses) (i) Legs without any tibio-tarsal spurs (each middle and hind leg with a membranous tibio-tarsal spur), (ii) the pore rim about half as wide as the socket of a dorsal seta (equal to diameter of socket).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB5FFAB6BFCF85E2F97F9FD" blockId="6.[151,1437,835,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6BFCF85E2F94FEBD" bold="true" box="[199,397,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Ecological notes</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6A9AF85E2C43FEBD" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[417,602,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB5FFAA6A9AF85E2C43FEBD" box="[417,602,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Kilifia deltoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has so far been recorded on species belonging to five plant families:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6BACF8022F26FED9" box="[151,319,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6A77F8052FDBFEDA" box="[332,450,1988,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA6AF4F8052C51FEDA" box="[463,584,1988,2014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA696EF8022CCFFED9" box="[597,726,1987,2013]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pteridaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB5FFAA682AF8022D67FED9" box="[785,894,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
. In this study it was found for the first time on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB4FFAB6BACFF562F16F9B5" box="[151,271,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB4FFAB6A07FF562FA3F9B5" box="[316,442,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psydrax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dicoccos">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB4FFAB6A07FF562FA3F9B5" box="[316,442,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">P. dicoccos</emphasis>
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. This is an evergreen tree classified as “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (
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), so our record of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB4FFAB696FFF7A2CC3F9D1" authorityName="De Lotto" authorityYear="1965" box="[596,730,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kilifia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltoides">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB4FFAB696FFF7A2CC3F9D1" box="[596,730,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">K. deltoides</emphasis>
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in
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should be considered important as a possible threat to this endangered plant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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585
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</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56AA9FAB82C1EFC97" box="[402,519,1401,1427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBAFFA56923FAB82C4EFC90" box="[536,599,1401,1428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; Bengaluru, HBR Layout,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBAFFA568B9FABB2A1CFC90" box="[898,1029,1401,1428]" degrees="13.0353" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" precision="5" value="13.0353">N 13.0353°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBAFFA56F34FABB2A89FC90" box="[1039,1168,1401,1428]" degrees="77.6285" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" precision="5" value="77.6285">E 77.6285°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56F87FAB82B67FC97" box="[1212,1406,1401,1427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56F87FAB82B67FC97" box="[1212,1406,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56BA4FA5C2F53FCB3" box="[159,330,1437,1463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBAFFA56A66FA5C2FFFFCB3" box="[349,486,1437,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" value="2021-08-28">28.viii.2021</date>
,
<collectionCode id="AD9576B8FFBAFFA56ACAFA5F2C1CFCBC" box="[497,517,1438,1464]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Maroli coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBAFFA56999FA5F2CFBFCBC" box="[674,738,1438,1464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56828FA5F2A07FCB3" box="[787,1054,1437,1463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56828FA5F2A07FCB3" box="[787,1054,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Vaccinium corymbosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56F70FA5C2AA7FCB3" box="[1099,1214,1437,1463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBAFFA56FEAFA5C2B0BFCBC" box="[1233,1298,1437,1464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFA002DEDFF43" blockId="9.[151,1437,1329,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFA002FB9FCDF" bold="true" box="[199,416,1473,1499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A94FA002C18FCDF" box="[431,513,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
): Body of adult female usually broadly oval but occasionally asymmetric, quite flat but with a slight longitudinal ridge anterior to anal plates. Dorsum covered in a dusting of white wax, with white wax threads or filaments appearing to arise from near margin; after removal of wax (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56F61F9C82AB5FF27" box="[1114,1196,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
), dorsum transparent yellow with brownish alimentary canal clearly visible through dorsal cuticle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBAFFA06BFCF9902DF7FBAD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCF9902A03FFDC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1329,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCF9902CAFFF6F" bold="true" box="[199,694,1617,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=32): Body membranous, narrow at anterior and broadest at abdomen (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A35F9B42F7BFF94" box="[270,354,1653,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5q</figureCitation>
), usually broadly oval but occasionally asymmetric; anal cleft about 1/10
<superScript id="3CF14335FFBAFFA56F9AF9B42AB7FF87" attach="left" box="[1185,1198,1653,1667]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">th</superScript>
of total body length. Marginal setae each with a blunt apex (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56966F9582CB6FFB0" box="[605,687,1689,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
) and highly sclerotized basal socket. Stigmatic clefts each highly sclerotized with constriction at body edge, without any stigmatic setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56881F97C2A14FFDC" box="[954,1037,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCF9232B7EFEFC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1329,2040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCF9232F39FFFF" box="[199,288,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Dermal areolations restricted to margin and submarginal areas (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56F3BF9202A4BFFF8" box="[1024,1106,1761,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
). Setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56F8EF9202B1EFFF8" box="[1205,1287,1761,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
) abundant in groups of 3–6 (occasionally groups of 2 or 3) between submarginal chambered ducts, usually arranged in a crescent. Pores of
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBAFFA56BC5F8E82F4DFE40" box="[254,340,1833,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
: small pores associated with microducts, frequent on submarginal areas (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56FA9F8E82AFDFE40" box="[1170,1252,1833,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
); concave pores larger than pores associated with dorsal microduct (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA569F2F88C2D0CFE6C" box="[713,789,1869,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
), present submedially and submarginally; and preopercular pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56BD8F8B02F2FFE88" box="[227,310,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBAFFA56A23F8B02F2FFE88" box="[280,310,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), abundant in 2 bands arising from anal plates and extending to head. Submarginal chambered ducts (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56BA4F8542EEDFEB4" box="[159,244,1941,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5h</figureCitation>
), each consisting of one large tubular duct with about 8–12 satellites (funnel-shaped pores forming a Ushaped area of sclerotization by opening of main duct) plus 3–9 setae, restricted to submargin. Anal plates (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E72F8782B8DFED0" box="[1353,1428,1977,2004]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5i</figureCitation>
) with 4 strong setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A4DF81C2FDAFEFC" box="[374,451,2013,2040]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5j</figureCitation>
); both anterior and posterior inner margin setae, apical setae and outer margin setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB9FFA66BFCFF562DC3F819" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66BFCFF562F16F9B4" box="[199,271,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Venter</emphasis>
: Anogenital fold with 2 setae, situated at each corner on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB9FFA66F73FF562A83F9B5" box="[1096,1178,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5k</figureCitation>
) and 4 setae, on lateral margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB9FFA66BCFFF7A2F27F9D1" box="[244,318,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5l</figureCitation>
). Multilocular pores very few (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB9FFA669A8FF7A2CF7F9D1" box="[659,750,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB9FFA669FDFF7B2CF7F9D1" box="[710,750,186,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" unit="m" value="5.0">5m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Antennae each 6 segmented (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB9FFA66F04FF7A2A89F9D1" box="[1087,1168,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5n</figureCitation>
), segmentation obscure. Spiracle (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB9FFA66A3AFF1E2F49F9FD" box="[257,336,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5o</figureCitation>
) normal, without sclerotic plate. Legs much reduced, segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFB9FFA66BA4FEC22EEAF819" box="[159,243,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-89@10.[265,1322,309,1518]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal seta; b. Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae; c. Dermal areolation; d. Dorsal setae; e. Small microductule; f. Concave pores; g. Preopercular pores; h. Submarginal chambered ducts; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate; k. Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold; l. Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold; m. Preanal disc pores; n. Antenna six segmented; o. Spiracle; p. Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Fig. 5p</figureCitation>
); setal distribution: coxa 3; trochanter 2; femur 1; tibia 2; tarsus 4.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9FFBBEF5FFB9FFA66BACF9C42A70FFAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" startId="10.[151,250,1541,1565]" targetBox="[265,1322,309,1517]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB9FFA66BACF9C42A70FFAA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1541,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66BACF9C42F0AFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1541,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB9FFA66A22F9C72D1FFF1A" authority="Hodgson &amp; Martin" authorityName="Hodgson &amp; Martin" box="[281,774,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66A22F9C72C24FF1A" box="[281,573,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Fistulococcus pokfulamensis</emphasis>
Hodgson &amp; Martin
</taxonomicName>
, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female.
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66E1CF9C72B23FF1A" bold="true" box="[1319,1338,1542,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">a.</emphasis>
Marginal seta;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66BF0F9EB2EC6FF46" bold="true" box="[203,223,1578,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">b.</emphasis>
Highly sclerotized spiracular cleft without spiracular setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66800F9EB2D54FF46" bold="true" box="[827,845,1578,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">c.</emphasis>
Dermal areolation;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66F2DF9EB2A33FF46" bold="true" box="[1046,1066,1578,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">d.</emphasis>
Dorsal setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66F83F9EB2AD0FF46" bold="true" box="[1208,1225,1578,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">e.</emphasis>
Small microductule;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66BACF98C2EBFFF61" bold="true" box="[151,166,1613,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">f.</emphasis>
Concave pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66A76F98F2F79FF62" bold="true" box="[333,352,1614,1638]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">g.</emphasis>
Preopercular pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA6690BF98F2C5CFF62" bold="true" box="[560,581,1614,1638]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">h.</emphasis>
Submarginal chambered ducts;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA668B3F98C2D8DFF61" bold="true" box="[904,916,1613,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">i.</emphasis>
Anal plates;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66F23F98C2A3FFF61" bold="true" box="[1048,1062,1613,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">j.</emphasis>
Setae on dorsal surface of anal plate;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66BACF9B32EB5FF8E" bold="true" box="[151,172,1650,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">k.</emphasis>
Setae on anterior margins of anogenital fold;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66945F9B32C95FF8E" bold="true" box="[638,652,1650,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">l.</emphasis>
Setae on lateral margin of anogenital fold;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66F7EF9B32A79FF8E" bold="true" box="[1093,1120,1650,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">m.</emphasis>
Preanal disc pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66E16F9B32B58FF8E" bold="true" box="[1325,1345,1650,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">n.</emphasis>
Antenna six segmented;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66A0EF9572F51FFAA" bold="true" box="[309,328,1686,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">o.</emphasis>
Spiracle;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66A95F9572FDAFFAA" bold="true" box="[430,451,1686,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">p.</emphasis>
Segmentation between tibia and tarsus unclear;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66896F9572DDBFFAA" bold="true" box="[941,962,1686,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">q.</emphasis>
Female habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB9FFA66BFCF91D2B27FECA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1756,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB9FFA66BFCF91D2F42FFF2" bold="true" box="[199,347,1756,1782]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223">Comparison</emphasis>
: Only two differences between the specimens described by
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB9FFA66F19F91D2B70FFF3" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H." box="[1058,1385,1756,1783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref13657" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H. (2005) Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 1075 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1075.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Hodgson and Martin (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and specimens examined in this study were noted. Our specimens are much larger (length
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB9FFA66F52F8C12AEDFE1E" box="[1129,1268,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="4.2" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.6">3.6–4.8 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB9FFA66E73F8C12EDDFE3A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.6 mm</quantity>
) compared to their measurements (length
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFB9FFA6699DF8E52D29FE3A" box="[678,816,1828,1855]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.5 mm</quantity>
, width 1.0–2.0 mm). While they recorded setae on the anogenital fold,
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB9FFA66A6AF8892C96FE67" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H." box="[337,655,1864,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref13657" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H. (2005) Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 1075 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1075.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Hodgson and Martin (2005)</bibRefCitation>
did not comment on lateral margin setae but illustrated a single seta on the lateral margin of the anogenital fold. In contrast, the specimens examined in this study possessed four lateral margin setae on the anogenital fold. We regard the morphological differences between the Indian specimens examined and those described by
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB9FFA66AA5F8752CC1FECB" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H." box="[414,728,1972,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref13657" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H. (2005) Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 1075 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1075.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Hodgson and Martin (2005)</bibRefCitation>
as simple morphological variations within the species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9FFBBEF5FFB8FFA76BACF9A02CFEFE55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" startId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB8FFA76BACF9A02CFEFE55" blockId="11.[151,1437,1633,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76BACF9A02F0BFF7D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1633,1657]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76A2CF9A02D1BFF7D" authority="Hodgson &amp; Martin" authorityName="Hodgson &amp; Martin" box="[279,770,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76A2CF9A02C22FF7D" box="[279,571,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Fistulococcus pokfulamensis</emphasis>
Hodgson &amp; Martin
</taxonomicName>
; host plants:
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA768BFF9A02D8EFF7D" bold="true" box="[900,919,1633,1657]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA768A7F9A02ADCFF7D" box="[924,1221,1633,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Heptapleurum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="actinophyllum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA768A7F9A02ADCFF7D" box="[924,1221,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Heptapleurum actinophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76FEAF9A02AFFFF7D" bold="true" box="[1233,1254,1633,1657]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">b.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76FD0F9A32B8CFF7D" box="[1259,1429,1634,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumini">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76FD0F9A32B8CFF7D" box="[1259,1429,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Syzygium cumini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76BACF9442EB0FF99" bold="true" box="[151,169,1669,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76B89F9442F7DFF99" box="[178,356,1669,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76B89F9442F7DFF99" box="[178,356,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76A4FF9442F90FF99" bold="true" box="[372,393,1669,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">d.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76AA9F9472C9CFF99" box="[402,645,1669,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76AA9F9472C9CFF99" box="[402,645,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Vaccinium corymbosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA769AEF9442CBFFF99" bold="true" box="[661,678,1669,1693]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">e.</emphasis>
An ant,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA7683EF9442A6FFF99" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[773,1142,1669,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA7683EF9442DE2FF99" box="[773,1019,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Oecophylla smaragdina</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
, attending
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76FD1F9472B8FFF99" box="[1258,1430,1669,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76FD1F9472B8FFF99" box="[1258,1430,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">F. pokfulamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Natural enemies of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76A52F96B2C0FFFC5" box="[361,534,1705,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76A52F96B2C0FFFC5" box="[361,534,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">F. pokfulamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA7691CF9682C2EFFC5" bold="true" box="[551,567,1705,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">f.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA7697BF9682D65FFC5" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[576,892,1705,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA7697BF9682D19FFC5" box="[576,768,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA768B1F9682D85FFC5" bold="true" box="[906,924,1705,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">g.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA7689DF9682B04FFC5" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1853" box="[934,1309,1705,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montrouzieri">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA7689DF9682AD9FFC5" box="[934,1216,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</emphasis>
Mulsant
</taxonomicName>
grub;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76E5CF9682B62FFC5" bold="true" box="[1383,1403,1705,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">h.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76EBEF96B2F00FFE1" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montrouzieri">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76EBEF96B2F00FFE1" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">C. montrouzieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76A5AF90C2F77FFE1" bold="true" box="[353,366,1741,1765]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">i.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76A4EF90C2C67FFE1" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[373,638,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Spalgis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epius">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76A4EF90C2FE5FFE1" box="[373,508,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Spalgis epius</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
larva. Life stages of the predator
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA768E3F90C2AF6FFE1" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1934" box="[984,1263,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Dipha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidivora">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA768E3F90C2A97FFE1" box="[984,1166,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Dipha aphidivora</emphasis>
Meyrick
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76FC2F90C2B1EFFE1" bold="true" box="[1273,1287,1741,1765]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">j.</emphasis>
Larva feeding from within the gallery;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76AB5F9302FBAFE0D" bold="true" box="[398,419,1777,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">k.</emphasis>
Larva removed from the gallery;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA769C2F9302D1FFE0D" bold="true" box="[761,774,1777,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">l.</emphasis>
Pupa removed from the cocoon;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76F6CF9302A6BFE0D" bold="true" box="[1111,1138,1777,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">m.</emphasis>
Adult. Other natural enemies recorded:
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76BC7F8D42F09FE29" bold="true" box="[252,272,1813,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">n.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76A2DF8D72CB9FE2A" authority="Singh &amp; Hayat" authorityName="Singh &amp; Hayat" authorityYear="2002" box="[278,672,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imphalensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76A2DF8D72C1BFE29" box="[278,514,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Microterys imphalensis</emphasis>
Singh &amp; Hayat
</taxonomicName>
, a parasitoid of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76806F8D72A71FE29" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[829,1128,1813,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76806F8D72DE0FE29" box="[829,1017,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Antonina thaiensis</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76F4AF8D42A9DFE29" bold="true" box="[1137,1156,1813,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">o.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76FB2F8D72ED6FE56" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogenhoferi">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76FB2F8D72B84FE29" box="[1161,1437,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Crematogaster rogenhoferi</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
, an ant attending
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76AB9F8FB2CFAFE55" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[386,739,1849,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76AB9F8FB2C92FE55" box="[386,651,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Formicococcus simplicior</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFB8FFA06BFCF8BE2C48F845" blockId="11.[151,1436,1919,2018]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76BFCF8BE2F92FE9E" bold="true" box="[199,395,1919,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Ecological notes</emphasis>
: This is the first report of the genus
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA7687FF8BE2DF9FE9D" authorityName="Hodgson &amp; Martin" authorityYear="2005" box="[836,992,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA7687FF8BE2DF9FE9D" box="[836,992,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Fistulococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB8FFA76F17F8BE2A71FE9D" box="[1068,1128,1919,1945]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">India</collectingCountry>
, and is very interesting as the species was known previously only from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB8FFA76995F8652D21FEBA" box="[686,824,1956,1982]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, infesting a gymnosperm,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76F4BF8652B27FEB9" box="[1136,1342,1955,1982]" class="Gnetopsida" family="Gnetaceae" genus="Gnetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gnetales" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luofuense">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFB8FFA76F4BF8652B27FEB9" box="[1136,1342,1955,1982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">Gnetum luofuense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFB8FFA76BACF8092F14FEE6" box="[151,269,1992,2018]" class="Gnetopsida" family="Gnetaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gnetales" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gnetaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFB8FFA76A18F8062C25FEE6" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H." box="[291,572,1991,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref13657" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H. (2005) Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 1075 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1075.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Hodgson &amp; Martin 2005</bibRefCitation>
). However, in
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFB8FFA769E6F8062D0EFEE5" box="[733,791,1991,2017]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="224">India</collectingCountry>
it was recorded on four different, economically important flowering plants:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06A53FF562D56F9B5" box="[360,847,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Heptapleurum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="actinophyllum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06A53FF562CAEF9B5" box="[360,695,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Heptapleurum actinophyllum</emphasis>
(Araliaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06858FF562DA3F9B5" box="[867,954,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA068EEFF562B38F9B5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[981,1313,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzigium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cumini">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA068EEFF562A8AF9B4" box="[981,1171,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Syzigium cumini</emphasis>
(Moraceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06E0DFF562B96F9B5" box="[1334,1423,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06BACFF7A2C07F9D1" box="[151,542,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BACFF7A2F44F9D1" box="[151,349,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
(Anacardiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA0690BFF7A2C9BF9D1" box="[560,642,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA069FDFF7A2A45F9D1" box="[710,1116,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA069FDFF7A2DCAF9D1" box="[710,979,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Vaccinium corymbosum</emphasis>
(Ericaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06F55FF7A2ADDF9D1" box="[1134,1220,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
). The record of its infestation on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06A0CFF1E2FBBF9FD" box="[311,418,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06A0CFF1E2FBBF9FD" box="[311,418,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">M. indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
deserves special attention as mango is grown extensively in
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBFFFA06F73FF1E2A9BF9FD" box="[1096,1154,223,249]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">India</collectingCountry>
and has a high economic value. The scale insect was found to be attended by the ant
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06868FEC22AF0F819" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[851,1257,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06868FEC22A7DF819" box="[851,1124,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Oecophylla smaragdina</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06FC1FEC22B80F819" box="[1274,1433,259,285]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06BACFEE62F00F845" box="[151,281,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
) in large numbers (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06AC9FEE62C5DF845" box="[498,580,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 6e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BFCFE8A2DB8F8A9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06BFCFE8A2C1AF861" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H." box="[199,515,330,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref13657" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Martin, J. H. (2005) Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 1075 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1075.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Hodgson and Martin (2005)</bibRefCitation>
provided a taxonomic account and illustration of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06F0CFE8A2AEAF861" box="[1079,1267,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06F0CFE8A2AEAF861" box="[1079,1267,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">F. pokfulamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and remarked that it would be interesting to know if the species is restricted to gymnosperms. Our study clearly indicates that it also infests angiosperm species that have very pronounced leaf veins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BFCFE762DF7FBAD" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
Four species of predators were recorded attacking
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA069C5FE762DA3F8D5" box="[766,954,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA069C5FE762DA3F8D5" box="[766,954,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">F. pokfulamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the field:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06F71FE762B84F8D5" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1098,1437,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Chilocorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06F71FE762B03F8D4" box="[1098,1306,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Chilocorus nigrita</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06BA4FE1A2EF4F8F1" box="[159,237,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06A3AFE1A2C8FF8F1" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1853" box="[257,662,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Cryptolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montrouzieri">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06A3AFE1A2C2DF8F0" box="[257,564,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</emphasis>
Mulsant
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA0699FFE1A2D3CF8F1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[676,805,475,501]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06815FE1A2DD3F8F1" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[814,970,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA068E4FE1A2A7EF8F1" box="[991,1127,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
Figs
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBFFFA06F2CFE1A2A2AF8F1" box="[1047,1075,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
&amp; h
</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06F41FE1A2B85F8F1" authority="(Westwood)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1146,1436,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Spalgis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epius">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06F41FE1A2B17F8F0" box="[1146,1294,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Spalgis epius</emphasis>
(Westwood)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06BA4FE3E2F34FB1D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[159,301,511,537]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06A0EFE3E2FAEFB1D" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[309,439,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06AF0FE3E2C0CFB1D" box="[459,533,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 6i</figureCitation>
), and
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA0696DFE3E2D05FB1D" box="[598,796,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Dipha aphidivora</emphasis>
Meyrick
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(
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:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06F19FE3E2A97FB1D" box="[1058,1166,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06F99FE3E2B0FFB1D" box="[1186,1302,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Figs 6j–m</figureCitation>
), all feeding on nymphs and adult scales. This prey record for
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<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06995FDE22D53FB39" box="[686,842,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">D. aphidivora</emphasis>
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is noteworthy, as it had previously been recorded only feeding on aphids belonging to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06964FD862CE5FB65" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1920" box="[607,764,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cerataphidini">Cerataphidini</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA0683DFD862A60FB65" authority="Zehntner" authorityName="Zehntner" authorityYear="1897" box="[774,1145,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigera">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA0683DFD862A12FB65" box="[774,1035,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Ceratovacuna lanigera</emphasis>
Zehntner
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,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06FBFFD862F02FB81" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06FBFFD862B85FB65" box="[1156,1436,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Pseudoregma alexanderi</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
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and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06A68FDAA2DC5FB81" authority="(Takahashi) (Arakaki &amp; Yoshiyasu 1988)" authorityName="Arakaki &amp; Yoshiyasu" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" box="[339,988,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambucicola">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06A68FDAA2C18FB81" box="[339,513,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">P. bambucicola</emphasis>
(Takahashi) (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA069A0FDAA2DCAFB81" author="Arakaki, N. &amp; Yoshiyasu, Y." box="[667,979,619,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" pagination="234 - 244" refId="ref13038" refString="Arakaki, N. &amp; Yoshiyasu, Y. (1988) Notes on biology, taxonomy and distribution of the aphidophagous pyralid, Dipha aphidivora (Meyrick) comb. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 23, 234 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 23.234" type="journal article" year="1988">Arakaki &amp; Yoshiyasu 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; this is the first time that
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06FC5FDAA2B85FB81" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1934" box="[1278,1436,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Dipha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidivora">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06FC5FDAA2B85FB81" box="[1278,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">D. aphidivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded attacking a scale insect belonging to the family
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06845FD4E2DF3FBAD" box="[894,1002,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

348
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<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" box="[151,557,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" blockId="8.[151,557,151,178]" box="[151,557,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<heading id="90735911FFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" ID-CoL="4CY9C" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,557,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF562C34F9B5" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF562FBCF9B6" bold="true" box="[151,421,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
Takahashi
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBBFFA46BACFF142CECF808" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACFF142DD6F9E9" blockId="8.[151,975,213,268]" box="[151,975,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFBBFFA46BACFF142DD6F9E9" box="[151,975,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBBFFA46BACFF142C51F9E9" author="Takahashi, R." box="[151,584,213,237]" page="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46BACFF142C51F9E9" ID-CoL="4CY9C" authority="Takahashi 1933: 37" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,584,213,237]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF142F60F9E9" box="[151,377,213,237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBBFFA46A44FF142C51F9E9" author="Takahashi, R." box="[383,584,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref15459" refString="Takahashi, R. (1933) Observations on the Coccidae of Formosa. III. Report of the Government Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Formosa, 60, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1933">Takahashi 1933: 37</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBBFFA46969FF142DD2F9E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981524" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J." box="[594,971,213,237]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687D07B10036CEEA8FC12FD1CFA3D" page="105" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBBFFA46969FF142DD2F9E9" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J." box="[594,971,213,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref13723" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J. (2018) Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species. Zootaxa, 4443 (1), 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4443.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Hodgson &amp; Williams 2018: 105–107</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACFF352CECF808" blockId="8.[151,975,213,268]" box="[151,757,244,268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFBBFFA46BACFF352CECF808" box="[151,757,244,268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBBFFA46BACFF352CE8F808" author="Tao, C. C. C. &amp; Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C." box="[151,753,244,268]" page="100" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" year="1983">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46BACFF352CE8F808" ID-CoL="4KQYS" authority="Tao, Wong &amp; Chang 1983: 100" authorityName="Tao, Wong &amp; Chang" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,753,244,268]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Podoparalecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFF352FB5F808" box="[151,428,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Podoparalecanium machili</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBBFFA46A89FF352CE8F808" author="Tao, C. C. C. &amp; Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C." box="[434,753,244,268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" pagination="57 - 107" refId="ref15670" refString="Tao, C. C. C., Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C. (1983) Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36, 57 - 107." type="journal article" year="1983">Tao, Wong &amp; Chang 1983: 100</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBBFFA46BACFEF22A99FB47" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACFEF22A15F875" blockId="8.[151,1437,307,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACFEF22F61F849" bold="true" box="[151,376,307,333]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBBFFA46ABDFEF22FC1F849" box="[390,472,307,333]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBBFFA46AD8FEF22C40F849" box="[483,601,307,333]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
, Kemmangundi,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBBFFA4682DFEF52D83F84A" box="[790,922,307,334]" degrees="13.5500" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" precision="5" value="13.55">N 13.5500°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBBFFA4689FFEF52A3CF84A" box="[932,1061,307,334]" degrees="75.7500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" precision="5" value="75.75">E 75.7500°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46F6BFEF52B5BF849" box="[1104,1346,307,334]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tamala">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F6BFEF52B5BF849" box="[1104,1346,307,334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Cinnamomum tamala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Buch.- Ham.)
<collectionCode id="AD9576B8FFBBFFA46BDFFE962EEFF875" box="[228,246,343,369]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">T</collectionCode>
. Nees &amp; C.H. Eberm. (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46AC2FE972C6BF874" box="[505,626,342,368]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBBFFA469BEFE972CF2F874" box="[645,747,342,368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" value="2021-02-04">4.ii.2021</date>
, Sunil Joshi coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBBFFA46882FE972A11F875" box="[953,1032,342,369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="female">30 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BFCFEB82A99FB47" blockId="8.[151,1437,307,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BFCFEB82FB3F897" bold="true" box="[199,426,377,403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBBFFA46A86FEB82C08F890" box="[445,529,377,404]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
): Often found adjacent to major leaf veins. Adult female very dark brown or glossy black, lighter on margin and submarginal areas and stigmatic clefts, colour becoming intense in median area anterior to anal plates; anal plates light reddish. Body subcircular or asymmetrical and slightly deltoid, almost flat but slightly convex in the median area; dorsum covered with numerous minute pits and divided into irregular tessellations by narrow smooth bands, of which a single median band runs from anal plates towards head and 6 or 7 curved horizontal bands ramify from medial band to margin. Nymphs transparent yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9FFBBEF5FFBBFFA46BACF8872F20FEEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" startId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" targetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBBFFA46BACF8872F20FEEA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1862,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BACF8872F0EFE5A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1862,1886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBBFFA46A19F8872C65FE5A" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[290,636,1862,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A19F8872C10FE5A" box="[290,521,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female.
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F85F8862AC8FE5B" bold="true" box="[1214,1233,1863,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">a.</emphasis>
Marginal setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46EB3F8862B85FE5B" bold="true" box="[1416,1436,1863,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">b.</emphasis>
Spiracular setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A73F8AA2F40FE87" bold="true" box="[328,345,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">c.</emphasis>
Eyes;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A9AF8AA2FACFE87" bold="true" box="[417,437,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">d.</emphasis>
Dermal areolation;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA469BFF8AA2C8CFE87" bold="true" box="[644,661,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">e.</emphasis>
Clear areas on derm;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46841F8AB2D90FE86" bold="true" box="[890,905,1898,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">f.</emphasis>
Dorsal setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F26F8AA2A36FE87" bold="true" box="[1053,1071,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">g.</emphasis>
Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46BD4F84E2F1AFEA3" bold="true" box="[239,259,1935,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">h.</emphasis>
Dorsal small pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46AE4F84F2FF5FEA2" bold="true" box="[479,492,1934,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">i.</emphasis>
Anal plates;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46941F84F2C91FEA2" bold="true" box="[634,648,1934,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">j.</emphasis>
Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46F5EF84E2A63FEA3" bold="true" box="[1125,1146,1935,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">k.</emphasis>
Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46A7BF8722F57FECF" bold="true" box="[320,334,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">l.</emphasis>
Pregenital disc pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46902F8722C4CFECF" bold="true" box="[569,597,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">m.</emphasis>
Spiracular pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46829F8722D3FFECF" bold="true" box="[786,806,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">n.</emphasis>
Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46FBEF8722A8BFECF" bold="true" box="[1157,1170,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">o</emphasis>
Antenna;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46FC6F8722B08FECF" bold="true" box="[1277,1297,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">p.</emphasis>
Anal ring;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBBFFA46EB3F8722B85FECF" bold="true" box="[1416,1436,1971,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">q.</emphasis>
Female habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBAFFA56BFCFF572AD0FD6B" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFF572CD1F81F" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFF572C87F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,670,150,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=30): Body almost triangular, broadest posteriorly across abdomen (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56BA4FF7A2EECF9D1" box="[159,245,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4q</figureCitation>
), narrower anteriorly, asymmetrical and rounded at both ends. Marginal setae each fan shaped (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E00FF7A2B96F9D1" box="[1339,1423,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
), wider than long. Stigmatic clefts deep, each with a sclerotized inner margin and containing 3 stigmatic setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E54FF1F2EAEF81F" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
). Eyespots oval (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A4DFEC02FDEF818" box="[374,455,257,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
), situated near margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFEE72CEAFB3C" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFEE72F38F83B" box="[199,289,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Derm with small areolations near margin, becoming larger in a broad submarginal band (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E02FEE42B96F83B" box="[1337,1423,293,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
), these becoming darker and unclear medially. Clear areas present only on abdomen (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56F7FFE892A8EF867" box="[1092,1175,328,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
), absent from head and thoracic segments. Setae each 4–5 µm long, curved with a blunt apex (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5689DFEAD2DECF882" box="[934,1013,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4f</figureCitation>
), sparse, more numerous near margin, perhaps absent medially (not visible due to high degree of sclerotization). Pores of
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBAFFA56F7CFE4E2ADFF8AE" box="[1095,1222,399,426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
: large pores with a sclerotized margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A41FE722FD6F8C9" box="[378,463,435,461]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
Fig.
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), common on submargin; smaller pores, lacking a sclerotized margin, appearing as a smaller clear spot in sclerotized derm (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5697EFE172C81F8F4" box="[581,664,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4h</figureCitation>
), arranged in a polygonal pattern; and minute simple pores, each with an inner ductule, also forming a sparse polygonal pattern. Anal plates each with a rounded outer angle (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56E2BFE3B2B45FB10" box="[1296,1372,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4i</figureCitation>
), 1 or 2 small pores medially and 2–4 small setae near apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFD832DB1FA34" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFD832F16FB5F" box="[199,271,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Venter</emphasis>
: Anogenital fold with 1 small seta on each side on anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56F28FD802A79FB5F" box="[1043,1120,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4j</figureCitation>
), each lateral margin with 1 seta at anterior end, and 2 setae laterally (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5695EFDA52CA3FB7A" box="[613,698,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4k</figureCitation>
). Anal ring with 6–8 setae (
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). Multilocular pores present on either side of genital opening (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56AD6FD492C20FBA6" box="[493,569,648,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4l</figureCitation>
), also on 1 or 2 abdominal segments. Spiracular disc pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56FE1FD492B2AFBA6" box="[1242,1331,648,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
Fig.
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) forming a narrow band of 10–12 pores between each spiracle and margin on short side; longer side of body with 18–20 pores present in each band. Legs fairly well developed, each with tibio-tarsal segmentation. Tarsal digitules slightly longer than claw digitules, with capitate apices, equal in size; claw digitules both broad and about same width; claw without a denticle (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA56A54FCD42FDAFA34" box="[367,451,789,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4n</figureCitation>
). Antennae each with 6 segments (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBAFFA5687CFCD42D82FA34" box="[839,923,789,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-172@8.[250,1337,603,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paralecanium machili Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Marginal setae; b. Spiracular setae; c. Eyes; d. Dermal areolation; e. Clear areas on derm; f. Dorsal setae; g. Dorsal large pores with sclerotized margin; h. Dorsal small pores; i. Anal plates; j. Setae on anterior margin of anogenital fold; k. Setae on lateral margins of anogenital fold; l. Pregenital disc pores; m. Spiracular pores; n. Leg without tibiotarsal sclerosis; o Antenna; p. Anal ring; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147209/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 4o</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFCF82D26FD01" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFCF82F42FA57" bold="true" box="[199,347,825,851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Comparison</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBAFFA56A49FCF82CC4FA57" author="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J." box="[370,733,825,851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref13723" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J. (2018) Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species. Zootaxa, 4443 (1), 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4443.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Hodgson and Williams (2018)</bibRefCitation>
provided an excellent taxonomic illustration and detailed description of this species in their revision of the soft scale genus
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56854FC9D2A17FA72" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[879,1038,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56854FC9D2A17FA72" box="[879,1038,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; only one species of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56FCCFC9D2B8FFA72" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[1271,1430,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56FCCFC9D2B8FFA72" box="[1271,1430,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56BACFC402F96FA9E" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,399,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BACFC402F36FA9E" box="[151,303,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. maritimum</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
was known from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBAFFA5695BFC412C83FA9E" box="[608,666,896,922]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">India</collectingCountry>
before their study.
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56842FC412A82FA9E" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[889,1179,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56842FC412A82FA9E" box="[889,1179,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium maritimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses large dorsal pores, each 5–7 µm wide, whereas such large dorsal pores are absent in
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA568F4FC652A59FAB9" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[975,1088,931,957]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA568F4FC652A59FAB9" box="[975,1088,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. machili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has smaller pores each only 4–5 µm wide.
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56A4AFC062C72FAE5" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[369,619,967,993]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56A4AFC062C72FAE5" box="[369,619,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has marginal ornamentation in the form of strong sclerotized “dashes” at right-angles to margin, which is not present in
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56999FC2A2D20FD00" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[674,825,1003,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimum">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56999FC2A2D20FD00" box="[674,825,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. maritimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBAFFA56BFCFBCF2AD0FD6B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56BFCFBCF2F93FD2C" bold="true" box="[199,394,1038,1064]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Ecological notes</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56AA6FBCF2C83FD2C" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1933" box="[413,666,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machili">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56AA6FBCF2C83FD2C" box="[413,666,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paralecanium machili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in large numbers on Indian bay leaf (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56FC4FBCF2EFCFD4F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tamala">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56FC4FBCF2EFCFD4F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Cinnamomum tamala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with at least one scale insect per leaf. The scale may restrict itself to higher altitudes on host plants belonging to
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBAFFA56B8FFB972F33FD74" box="[180,298,1110,1136]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
, the only family on which it has been recorded so far (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBAFFA568B0FB942AA4FD6B" author="Garcia Morales, M. &amp; Denno, B. D. &amp; Miller, D. R. &amp; Miller, G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B." box="[907,1213,1109,1135]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" refId="ref13307" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 25 October 2021) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBAFFA56F7AFB972A60FD6B" box="[1089,1145,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="432D5F6BFFBDFFA26BACFE442B85FACD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7148763" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202142574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7148763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432D5F6BFFBDFFA26BACFE442B85FACD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D5F6BFFBDFFA26BACFE442B85FACD" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBDFFA26BACFE442CC3F89B" box="[151,730,389,415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFE442CC3F89B" blockId="14.[151,730,389,415]" box="[151,730,389,415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<heading id="90735911FFBDFFA26BACFE442CC3F89B" bold="true" box="[151,730,389,415]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BACFE442CC3F89B" bold="true" box="[151,730,389,415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
Key to the Indian species of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26ACCFE442CC3F89B" ID-CoL="XT5" ID-ENA="249538" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[503,730,389,415]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26ACCFE442C70F89B" bold="true" box="[503,617,389,415]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Antonina</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBDFFA26BACFE0C2ABAFB0F" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFE0C2ABAFB0F" blockId="14.[151,1437,461,524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
Character states of
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26A43FE0F2C54F8E3" authorityName="Khalid &amp; Shafee" authorityYear="1988" box="[376,589,461,488]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meghalayaensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26A43FE0F2C54F8E3" box="[376,589,461,488]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. meghalayaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA269B2FE0F2D04F8E3" authorityName="Brain" authorityYear="1915" box="[649,797,461,488]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA269B2FE0F2D04F8E3" box="[649,797,461,488]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the key are based on
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBDFFA26F7BFE0C2AE2F8E3" author="Williams, D. J." box="[1088,1275,461,487]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" refId="ref15992" refString="Williams, D. J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN. BHD., Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp." type="book" year="2004">Williams (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBDFFA26E0CFE0C2EFDFB0F" author="Williams, D. J." pageId="14" pageNumber="227" pagination="833 - 848" refId="ref15946" refString="Williams, D. J. (2001) African species of the mealybug genus Antonina Signoret (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Natural History, 35, 833 - 848. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930152123639" type="journal article" year="2001">Williams (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, respectively. All the remaining species were studied using slide-mounted specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBDFFA26BACFDF72B85FACD" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" type="key">
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFBDFFA26BACFDF72B85FB6D" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFDF72B85FB48" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,566,588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFDF72B85FB48" box="[151,1436,566,588]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
1(0) Anal ring situated on surface of abdomen, not internally at inner end of anal tube..........
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26F42FDF62B85FB48" ID-CoL="F3TM" authority="Khalid &amp; Shafee" authorityName="Khalid &amp; Shafee" authorityYear="1988" box="[1145,1436,566,588]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusae">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26F42FDF62AECFB4F" box="[1145,1269,566,588]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. bambusae</emphasis>
Khalid &amp; Shafee
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFD952B85FB6D" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,596,618]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFD952B85FB6D" box="[151,1436,596,618]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">- Anal ring situated internally, at inner end of anal tube........................................................ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFBDFFA26BACFDB02B85FBA7" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFDB02B85FB83" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,625,647]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFDB02B85FB83" box="[151,1436,625,647]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
2(1) Multilocular disc pores forming a band around body margin..................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26FFDFDB02B85FB83" ID-CoL="F3V6" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[1222,1436,625,647]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26FFDFDB02B2CFB82" box="[1222,1333,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. thaiensis</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFD4E2B85FBA7" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,654,676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFD4E2B85FBA7" box="[151,1436,654,676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">- Multilocular disc pores not forming a band around body...................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFBDFFA26BACFD6D2B85FBDA" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFD6D2B85FBC6" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,684,706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFD6D2B85FBC6" box="[151,1436,684,706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
3(2) Disc-like pores confined to posterior end of abdominal venter.....................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26F7AFD6D2B85FBC6" ID-CoL="5VKZ9" authority="Khalid &amp; Shafee" authorityName="Khalid &amp; Shafee" authorityYear="1988" box="[1089,1436,684,706]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meghalayaensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26F7AFD6D2AECFBC5" box="[1089,1269,684,705]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. meghalayaensis</emphasis>
Khalid &amp; Shafee
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFD082B85FBDA" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,713,735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFD082B85FBDA" box="[151,1436,713,735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">- Disc-like pores not confined to the posterior end of abdominal venter........................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFBDFFA26BACFD272B85FA1E" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFD272B85FBF8" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,742,764]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFD272B85FBF8" box="[151,1436,742,764]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">4(3) Multilocular disc pores encircling the spiracles............................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFCC52B85FA1E" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,772,794]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFCC52B85FA1E" box="[151,1436,772,794]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">- Multilocular disc pores absent from around spiracles......................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFBDFFA26BACFCE02B85FA50" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFCE02B85FA33" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,801,823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFCE02B85FA33" box="[151,1436,801,823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
5(4) Antenna 2-segmented. Dorsal and ventral body margins with flagellate setae....................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26F83FCE02B85FA33" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2004" box="[1208,1436,801,823]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parazonata">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26F83FCE02B26FA33" box="[1208,1343,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. parazonata</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFCFE2B85FA50" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,830,852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFCFE2B85FA50" box="[151,1436,830,852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
- Antenna 3-segmented. Dorsal and ventral margins without flagellate setae.........................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26FDEFCFE2B85FA50" ID-CoL="67KYX" authority="Brain" authorityName="Brain" authorityYear="1915" box="[1253,1436,830,852]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26FDEFCFE2B78FA57" box="[1253,1377,830,852]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. natalensis</emphasis>
Brain
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="7070F6D8FFBDFFA26BACFC9D2B85FA8A" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFC9D2B84FA76" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1437,860,882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFC9D2B84FA76" box="[151,1437,860,882]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
6(4) Disc-like pores with thick sclerotized rims................................................
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26FF2FC9D2B84FA76" ID-CoL="5VKZ6" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" box="[1225,1437,860,882]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26FF2FC9D2B20FA75" box="[1225,1337,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. graminis</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFCB82B85FA8A" blockId="14.[151,1437,566,970]" box="[151,1436,889,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<keyLead id="70754D48FFBDFFA26BACFCB82B85FA8A" box="[151,1436,889,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">- Disc-like pores with rims not sclerotized.................................................................. 7</keyLead>
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7(6) Disc-like pores forming a single small group posterior to posterior spiracle...........................
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- Disc-like pores situated on venter of abdominal segments II–VII.................................
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<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26BACFB4A2C12FDA6" ID-CoL="762PB" authority="Tang 1992: 311" authorityName="Tang" authorityPageNumber="311" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,523,1162,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Paraputo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BACFB4A2F7DFDA6" box="[151,356,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Paraputo simplicior</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBDFFA26A51FB4B2C12FDA6" author="Tang, F. T." box="[362,523,1162,1186]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" refId="ref15645" refString="Tang, F. T. (1992) The Pseudococcidae of China. Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 768 pp." type="book" year="1992">Tang 1992: 311</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFB682C6FFDC5" blockId="14.[151,798,1100,1217]" box="[151,630,1192,1217]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFBDFFA26BACFB682C6FFDC5" box="[151,630,1192,1217]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBDFFA26BACFB682C6BFDC5" author="Williams, D. J." box="[151,626,1192,1217]" page="313" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" year="2004">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26BACFB682C6BFDC5" authority="Williams 2004: 313" authorityName="Williams" authorityPageNumber="313" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,626,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BACFB682FB8FDC4" box="[151,417,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Formicococcus simplicior</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBDFFA26A9DFB692C6BFDC5" author="Williams, D. J." box="[422,626,1192,1217]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" refId="ref15992" refString="Williams, D. J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN. BHD., Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp." type="book" year="2004">Williams 2004: 313</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBDFFA26BACFB292D18FCB2" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BACFB292CE8FC23" blockId="14.[151,1437,1256,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BACFB292F64FC06" bold="true" box="[151,381,1256,1282]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBDFFA26AB4FB292FF8FC06" box="[399,481,1256,1282]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBDFFA26AD4FB292C25FC06" box="[495,572,1256,1282]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, Wayanad, Meenangadi,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBDFFA26864FB282DFFFC07" box="[863,998,1256,1283]" degrees="11.6596" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" precision="5" value="11.6596">N 11.6596°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBDFFA268CFFB282A61FC06" box="[1012,1144,1256,1283]" degrees="76.1726" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" precision="5" value="76.1726">E 76.1726°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26F96FB292B63FC06" box="[1197,1402,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26F96FB292B63FC06" box="[1197,1402,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26BA4FACD2F07FC22" box="[159,286,1292,1318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBDFFA26A0AFACD2FAAFC22" box="[305,435,1292,1319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" value="2020-09-15">15. ix.2020</date>
, Sachin G. Pai coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBDFFA269A6FACD2CF5FC23" box="[669,748,1292,1319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" type="female">25 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BFCFAF12D18FCB2" blockId="14.[151,1437,1256,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BFCFAF12FB0FC4E" bold="true" box="[199,425,1328,1354]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26A87FAF12C17FC4E" box="[444,526,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
): The females are attached to the host tenaciously. Adult female broadly oval, strongly convex above and very flat ventrally, coated dorsally with very fine, dense white powdery wax. Margin with a fringe of fine white wax filaments that tend to merge; the filaments become shorter towards head.Appendages transparent pinkish brown. Eggs and early instars pink.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBDFFA36BFCFA012B84FEF2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BFCFA012FB5FF27" blockId="14.[151,1437,1256,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BFCFA012CABFCDE" bold="true" box="[199,690,1472,1498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=25): Body oval to almost circular (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26F42FA012AC9FCDE" box="[1145,1232,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8q</figureCitation>
). Anal lobes well developed (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26A22FA252F70FCFA" box="[281,361,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
), ventral surface of each lobe with stout apical seta (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26895FA252DE7FCFA" box="[942,1022,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8b</figureCitation>
) and an anal lobe bar. Antennae (Fig. c) each with 8 segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BFCF9EC2FEBFE1A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1256,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BFCF9EC2F38FF42" box="[199,289,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Dorsum</emphasis>
: With numerous stout flagellate setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA269EEF9ED2D29FF42" box="[725,816,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBDFFA26832F9ED2D29FF42" box="[777,816,1580,1606]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="8.0">8m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Ostioles well developed (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26F64F9ED2AA8FF42" box="[1119,1201,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8h</figureCitation>
), with inner edges of lips sclerotized, each lip bearing 4 or 5 setae and a few trilocular pores. Anal ring situated near apex of abdomen. Cerarii basically numbering 18 pairs. Anal lobe cerarii each usually containing 7 or 8 long slender conical setae in a compact group (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26A77F9592F8EFFB6" box="[332,407,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8i</figureCitation>
), together with a few auxiliary setae and trilocular pores on a membranous area. Penultimate cerarii (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26BCBF97D2F24FFD2" box="[240,317,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8j</figureCitation>
) and more anterior cerarii similar to anal lobe cerarii but cerarian setae often with flagellate tips. Preocular cerarii (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26A5EF9212FA1FFFE" box="[357,440,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8k</figureCitation>
) sometimes absent or, when present, situated very close to frontal cerarii (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26E2EF9212B78FFFE" box="[1301,1377,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8l</figureCitation>
) and sometimes merging with them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBDFFA26BFCF8E82C7DFEF3" blockId="14.[151,1437,1256,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26BFCF8E82F16FE46" box="[199,271,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Venter</emphasis>
: With normal flagellate setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA2694EF8E92CD2FE46" box="[629,715,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8n</figureCitation>
), thinner but often slightly longer than dorsal setae. Legs well developed, stout (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26A64F88D2FA8FE62" box="[351,433,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8d</figureCitation>
), claw stout and curved (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA269F7F88D2D06FE62" box="[716,799,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8e</figureCitation>
). Translucent pores conspicuous, present on anterior and posterior surfaces of hind coxa (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26AC5F8B12C54FE8E" box="[510,589,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8f</figureCitation>
), but not detected on femur or tibia. Circulus present (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26F92F8B12AE5FE8E" box="[1193,1276,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBDFFA26FE6F8B12AE5FE8E" box="[1245,1276,1904,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Multilocular disc pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26A22F8552F72FEAA" box="[281,363,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8o</figureCitation>
) present in bands across medial areas and in submarginal groups on abdominal segment V and posterior segments, including anal lobes. Oral collar tubular ducts (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA268B1F8792DC5FED6" box="[906,988,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[205,1383,181,1521]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Formicococcus simplicior (Green), diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Anal lobes; b. Anal lobe bar and apical seta; c. Antenna; d. Well-developed leg; e. Claw stout and curved; f. Translucent pores on hind coxa; g. Circulus; h. Ostiole; i. Anal lobe cerarius; j. Penultimate cerarius; k. Preocular cerarius; l. Frontal cerarius; m. Dorsal setae; n. Ventral setae; o. Multilocular pores; p. Oral collar tubular ducts; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8p</figureCitation>
) minute, sparsely present across medial areas of abdominal segments VI and VII.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9FFBBEF5FFBCFFA36BACF9C82D8CFF89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147221" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147221/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" startId="15.[151,250,1545,1569]" targetBox="[205,1383,181,1521]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBCFFA36BACF9C82D8CFF89" blockId="15.[151,1437,1545,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36BACF9C82F0BFF25" bold="true" box="[151,274,1545,1569]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBCFFA36A2CF9CB2C6FFF25" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[279,630,1545,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36A2CF9CB2C39FF25" box="[279,544,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Formicococcus simplicior</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female.
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36FA9F9C82ABCFF25" bold="true" box="[1170,1189,1545,1569]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">a.</emphasis>
Anal lobes;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36E19F9C82B2FFF25" bold="true" box="[1314,1334,1545,1569]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">b.</emphasis>
Anal lobe bar and apical seta;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36A65F9EC2F69FF41" bold="true" box="[350,368,1581,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">c.</emphasis>
Antenna;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36AE2F9EC2FF4FF41" bold="true" box="[473,493,1581,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">d.</emphasis>
Well-developed leg;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA369FFF9EC2CCCFF41" bold="true" box="[708,725,1581,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">e.</emphasis>
Claw stout and curved;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA368F1F9EC2DC0FF41" bold="true" box="[970,985,1581,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">f.</emphasis>
Translucent pores on hind coxa;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36E1DF9EC2B20FF41" bold="true" box="[1318,1337,1581,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">g.</emphasis>
Circulus;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36BACF9902EB5FF6D" bold="true" box="[151,172,1617,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">h.</emphasis>
Ostiole;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36A30F9902F01FF6D" bold="true" box="[267,280,1617,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">i.</emphasis>
Anal lobe cerarius;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36AD1F9902FE1FF6D" bold="true" box="[490,504,1617,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">j.</emphasis>
Penultimate cerarius;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA369DBF9902CEDFF6D" bold="true" box="[736,756,1617,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">k.</emphasis>
Preocular cerarius;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA368F8F9902DC8FF6D" bold="true" box="[963,977,1617,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">l.</emphasis>
Frontal cerarius;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36FB3F9902ABDFF6D" bold="true" box="[1160,1188,1617,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">m.</emphasis>
Dorsal setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36E0CF9902B55FF6D" bold="true" box="[1335,1356,1617,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">n.</emphasis>
Ventral setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36BECF9B42EF3FF89" bold="true" box="[215,234,1653,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">o.</emphasis>
Multilocular pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36A81F9B42FD7FF89" bold="true" box="[442,462,1653,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">p.</emphasis>
Oral collar tubular ducts;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA369E2F9B42CF4FF89" bold="true" box="[729,749,1653,1677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">q.</emphasis>
Female habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBCFFA36BFCF97A2C36FE45" blockId="15.[151,1437,1723,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36BFCF97A2F42FFD1" bold="true" box="[199,347,1723,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Comparison</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBCFFA36A51F97A2C3BFFD1" author="Williams, D. J." box="[362,546,1723,1749]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" refId="ref15992" refString="Williams, D. J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN. BHD., Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp." type="book" year="2004">Williams (2004)</bibRefCitation>
provided a description and illustration; he reported the presence of translucent pores on the posterior surface of hind tibia, however, none of the specimens examined in this study possessed translucent pores on either surface of the hind tibia. In this study we regard these morphological differences as simple variations within the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBCFFA36BFCF88A2B84FEF2" blockId="15.[151,1437,1723,2038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36BFCF88A2F96FE61" bold="true" box="[199,399,1867,1893]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Ecological notes</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBCFFA36A9DF88D2CCDFE61" box="[422,724,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Formicococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplicior">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36A9DF88D2CCDFE61" box="[422,724,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Formicococcus simplicior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously known only from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBCFFA36FBEF88A2AE7FE61" box="[1157,1278,1867,1893]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, infesting an indeterminate plant and attended by
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBCFFA36911F8AE2D2EFE8D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[554,823,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36911F8AE2D2EFE8D" box="[554,823,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Oecophylla smaragdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBCFFA36843F8AE2DE6FE8D" author="Green, E. E." box="[888,1023,1903,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" pagination="1007 - 1037" refId="ref13485" refString="Green, E. E. (1922) Supplementary notes on the Coccidae of Ceylon. Part IV. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 28, 1007 - 1037." type="journal article" year="1922">Green 1922</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBCFFA36F32F8AE2AABFE8D" author="Williams, D. J." box="[1033,1202,1903,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" refId="ref15992" refString="Williams, D. J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN. BHD., Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp." type="book" year="2004">Williams 2004</bibRefCitation>
). In the present study it was recorded on economically important
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBCFFA36947F8552CC3FEA9" box="[636,730,1940,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36947F8552CC3FEA9" box="[636,730,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">T. cacao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is grown in all the south Indian states (
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBCFFA36FDBF8522B80FEA9" box="[1248,1433,1939,1965]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBCFFA36BACF8762F14FED5" box="[151,269,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBCFFA36A2DF8762F7AFED5" box="[278,355,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBCFFA36AA2F8762C06FED5" box="[409,543,1975,2001]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
), so it is likely to spread at least in the southern parts of
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBCFFA36F48F8762AA9FED5" box="[1139,1200,1975,2001]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">India</collectingCountry>
. The mealybugs were collected from the carton shelters of an ant,
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBCFFA36944F81D2DEAFEF2" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1879" box="[639,1011,2011,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogenhoferi">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBCFFA36944F81D2DB6FEF1" box="[639,943,2011,2038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Crematogaster rogenhoferi</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBCFFA36F3AF81A2A4AFEF1" box="[1025,1107,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1609]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; host plants: a. Heptapleurum actinophyllum; b. Syzygium cumini; c. Mangifera indica; d. Vaccinium corymbosum. e. An ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), attending F. pokfulamensis. Natural enemies of F. pokfulamensis: f. Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius); g. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant grub; h. C. montrouzieri adult; i. Spalgis epius (Westwood) larva. Life stages of the predator Dipha aphidivora Meyrick: j. Larva feeding from within the gallery; k. Larva removed from the gallery; l. Pupa removed from the cocoon; m. Adult. Other natural enemies recorded: n. Microterys imphalensis Singh &amp; Hayat, a parasitoid of Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; o. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr, an ant attending Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147215/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="228">Fig. 6o</figureCitation>
), on branches of a cacao tree.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:affiliation id="A422548336A8F4B3B5DB91A8FCB9C611">Department of Agricultural Entomology, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, India. &amp; sandeepa 9898 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6773 - 9526</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB6BBAA5EFBDDD29361BF2F5EA4CC4CB" type="email">sandeepa9898@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F28BB0711C443FB4D7C0C700A9902AF6">Deepthy, K. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F466FDCE132F12A78A3DDE85309783F8">Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, KAU PO, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India. &amp; deepthy. kb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9376 - 3856</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="79FA1781E7589FD4A4D435AB2C1E0AA4" type="email">deepthy.kb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="ABB1AA1EB1C0925735E38F6A7C62C261">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0A48DD4212FF5EA6337E42896D439509">
<mods:date id="BD2A2B4EF3C01069B24D43F6DE617A26">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9446D31D0A6DF505797D001A541DB85D">5194</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="09FAC08C16D74AA8A09F206377538043" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5194.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBFFFA06BACFD3A2C5EFA10" box="[151,583,762,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BACFD3A2C5EFA10" blockId="12.[151,583,762,789]" box="[151,583,762,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<heading id="90735911FFBFFFA06BACFD3A2C5EFA10" bold="true" box="[151,583,762,789]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06BACFD3A2C5EFA10" ID-CoL="F3V6" authority="Takahashi 1942" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,583,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BACFD3A2C5EFA10" bold="true" box="[151,583,762,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BACFD3A2F64FA11" bold="true" box="[151,381,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Antonina thaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06AB8FD3B2C5EFA10" author="Takahashi, R." box="[387,583,762,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref15494" refString="Takahashi, R. (1942) Some injurious insects of agricultural plants and forest trees in Thailand and Indo-China. II. Coccidae. Report of the Government Research Institute. Department of Agriculture, Formosa, 81, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1942">Takahashi 1942</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBFFFA06BACFCFE2C08FA91" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BACFCFE2F93FA72" blockId="12.[151,1436,831,917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFBFFFA06BACFCFE2F93FA72" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBFFFA06BACFCFE2C2AFA53" author="Takahashi, R." box="[151,563,831,855]" page="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" year="1942">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06BACFCFE2C2AFA53" ID-CoL="F3V6" authority="Takahashi 1942: 15" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,563,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BACFCFE2F41FA53" box="[151,344,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Antonina thaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06A58FCFE2C2AFA53" author="Takahashi, R." box="[355,563,831,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref15494" refString="Takahashi, R. (1942) Some injurious insects of agricultural plants and forest trees in Thailand and Indo-China. II. Coccidae. Report of the Government Research Institute. Department of Agriculture, Formosa, 81, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1942">Takahashi 1942: 15</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBFFFA06979FCFE2CBBFA53" author="Takahashi, R." box="[578,674,831,855]" page="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06979FCFE2CBBFA53" author="Takahashi, R." box="[578,674,831,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref15538" refString="Takahashi, R. (1951) Some mealybugs (Pseudococcidae, Homoptera) from the Malay Peninsula. Indian Journal of Entomology, 12, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1951">1951: 21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBFFFA06994FCFE2D5FFA53" author="Ali, S. M." box="[687,838,831,855]" page="101" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06994FCFE2D5FFA53" author="Ali, S. M." box="[687,838,831,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" pagination="71 - 150" refId="ref13004" refString="Ali, S. M. (1970) A catalogue of Oriental Coccoidea Part IV (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea). Indian Museum Bulletin, 5, 71 - 150." type="journal article" year="1970">Ali 1970: 101</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBFFFA0686EFC812A05FA53" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[853,1052,831,855]" page="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA0686EFC812A05FA53" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[853,1052,831,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" refId="ref13128" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1994) A systematic catalogue of the mealybugs of the world (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Intercept Limited, Andover, 686 pp." type="book" year="1994">Ben-Dov 1994: 42</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBFFFA06F11FCFE2B81FA53" author="Hendricks, H. &amp; Kosztarab, M. P." box="[1066,1432,831,855]" page="123" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06F11FCFE2B81FA53" author="Hendricks, H. &amp; Kosztarab, M. P." box="[1066,1432,831,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" refId="ref13561" refString="Hendricks, H. &amp; Kosztarab, M. P. (1999) Revision of the Tribe Serrolecaniini (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). De Gruyter, Berlin and New York, xiv + 213 pp." type="book" year="1999">Hendricks &amp; Kosztarab 1999: 123</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBFFFA06BFCFC9F2F9CFA72" author="Williams, D. J." box="[199,389,862,886]" page="78" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06BFCFC9F2F9CFA72" author="Williams, D. J." box="[199,389,862,886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" refId="ref15992" refString="Williams, D. J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN. BHD., Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp." type="book" year="2004">Williams 2004: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BACFCBC2C08FA91" blockId="12.[151,1436,831,917]" box="[151,529,892,917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94C953FFBFFFA06BACFCBC2C08FA91" box="[151,529,892,917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25C86CFFBFFFA06BACFCBC2C14FA91" author="Takahashi, R." box="[151,525,892,917]" page="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06BACFCBC2C14FA91" ID-CoL="F3VH" authority="Takahashi 1951: 21" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,525,892,917]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonata">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BACFCBC2F27FA90" box="[151,318,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Antonina zonata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBFFFA06A7FFCBD2C14FA91" author="Takahashi, R." box="[324,525,892,917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref15538" refString="Takahashi, R. (1951) Some mealybugs (Pseudococcidae, Homoptera) from the Malay Peninsula. Indian Journal of Entomology, 12, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1951">Takahashi 1951: 21</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBFFFA06BACFC032FE6FC25" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BACFC032DEDFD69" blockId="12.[151,1437,962,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BACFC032F64FAD8" bold="true" box="[151,381,962,988]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBFFFA06AAAFC022FFAFAD9" box="[401,483,963,989]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBFFFA06AC9FC022C71FAD9" box="[498,616,963,989]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
, Bengaluru: Yelahanka, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06FC8FC022B65FAD9" box="[1267,1404,963,989]" degrees="13.0801" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="13.0801">N 13.0801°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06EB0FC022F19FD05" degrees="77.5785" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="77.5785">E 77.5785°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06A16FC262D6BFD05" authority="Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl." authorityName="J. C. Wendl." box="[301,882,999,1025]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06A16FC262FE1FD05" box="[301,504,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Bambusa vulgaris</emphasis>
Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. (Poaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBFFFA06846FC262A1FFD05" box="[893,1030,999,1025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" value="2016-08-24">24.viii.2016</date>
, B. Manjunath coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBFFFA06FD4FC262B24FD05" box="[1263,1341,999,1025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="female">10 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; Dollars colony,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06BD5FBCA2F68FD21" box="[238,369,1034,1061]" degrees="13.0415" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="13.0415">N 13.0415°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06A47FBCA2FE5FD21" box="[380,508,1034,1061]" degrees="77.5684" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="77.5684">E 77.5684°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA0691CFBCA2CB8FD21" box="[551,673,1035,1061]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA0691CFBCA2CB8FD21" box="[551,673,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">B. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBFFFA0698FFBCB2D35FD21" box="[692,812,1034,1061]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" value="2018-04-25">25.iv.2018</date>
, Sunil Joshi coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBFFFA068CEFBCA2A2DFD21" box="[1013,1076,1035,1061]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="female">9 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; Hebbal, Bhuvaneshwari Nagar,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06BACFBEE2F02FD4D" box="[151,283,1070,1097]" degrees="13.0545" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="13.0545">N 13.0545°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06A1CFBEE2FB1FD4D" box="[295,424,1071,1097]" degrees="77.6036" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="77.6036">E 77.6036°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06AEDFBEE2C48FD4D" box="[470,593,1071,1097]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06AEDFBEE2C48FD4D" box="[470,593,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">B. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBFFFA06964FBEF2CCEFD4D" box="[607,727,1070,1097]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" value="2018-04-25">25.iv.2018</date>
, Sunil Joshi coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBFFFA0689FFBEE2DFDFD4D" box="[932,996,1071,1097]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; Ganesh Nagar Layout, Kodigehalli,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06EB3FBEE2F19FD69" degrees="13.0697" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="13.0697">N 13.0697°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AEB088BAFFBFFFA06A30FB922F94FD69" box="[267,397,1106,1133]" degrees="77.5788" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="77.5788">E 77.5788°</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA06A80FB922C2FFD69" box="[443,566,1107,1133]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06A80FB922C2FFD69" box="[443,566,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">B. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF3AC8BDFFBFFFA0697FFB922CADFD69" box="[580,692,1107,1133]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" value="2021-05-19">19.v.2021</date>
,
<collectionCode id="AD9576B8FFBFFFA069FBFB922CCFFD69" box="[704,726,1107,1133]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="AD9576B8FFBFFFA069E2FB922CF6FD69" box="[729,751,1107,1133]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">R</collectionCode>
. Rachana coll.,
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBFFFA0689BFB922DF6FD69" box="[928,1007,1107,1133]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="female">18 ♀♀</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BFCFBB72FE6FC25" blockId="12.[151,1437,962,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BFCFBB72FB3FD94" bold="true" box="[199,426,1142,1168]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Appearance in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06A86FBB62C0BFD95" box="[445,530,1143,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[166,1421,374,1629]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Live appearance of: a. Maacoccus piperis (Green); b. Kilifia deltoides De Lotto; c. Paralecanium machili Takahashi; d. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson &amp; Martin; e. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi; f. Formicococcus simplicior (Green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147199/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
): Adult females
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBFFFA069ECFBB62D41FD95" box="[727,856,1143,1169]" form="dense" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" rank="form">form dense</taxonomicName>
colonies near the internodes of bamboos, usually inside the leaf sheaths. Adult female dark brown, partially covered in white wax on anterior end, abdominal dorsum without wax coating but body resting on a cushion of white wax, perhaps secreted by ventral dermal pores. Body elongate, almost parallel sided with rounded ends, and with a long white wax tube projecting from posterior end. Immature stages reddish brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839EBDF6FFBFFFA26BFCFAEB2F14F845" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BFCFAEB2DAFFCD1" blockId="12.[151,1437,962,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BFCFAEB2CBBFC40" bold="true" box="[199,674,1322,1349]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Diagnosis of slide-mounted adult female</emphasis>
(n=41): Body elongate- to broadly oval (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06F56FAEA2AD9FC41" box="[1133,1216,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7q</figureCitation>
); anal lobes weakly developed. Abdominal segments VI–VIII highly sclerotized laterally; mature female becoming heavily sclerotized throughout. Antennae each 2 segmented (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06959FAB22CAAFC89" box="[610,691,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
). Legs and leg vestiges, eyes and ostioles absent. Anal ring situated at inner end of anal tube (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06A89FA562C1DFCB5" box="[434,516,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
), bearing 6 thick pointed setae. Vulva directed posteriorly, with heavily sclerotized lateral apophyses (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06A53FA7A2FA1FCD1" box="[360,440,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
) and weakly sclerotized posterior apophyses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA06BFCFA1E2A30FCFD" blockId="12.[151,1437,962,2033]" box="[199,1065,1503,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BFCFA1E2F38FCFC" box="[199,289,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Dorsum</emphasis>
: With short, pointed setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA0696DFA1E2CB0FCFD" box="[598,681,1503,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
). Marginal setae conical (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA068F1FA1E2A05FCFD" box="[970,1052,1503,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBFFFA16BFCF9C22DA4F9FD" blockId="12.[151,1437,962,2033]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBFFFA06BFCF9C22F16FF18" box="[199,271,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Venter</emphasis>
: Multilocular disc pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06901F9C22C92FF19" box="[570,651,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7f</figureCitation>
), each with 10–12 loculi, present around margins, scattered on head and prothorax and a few present near median areas of posterior abdominal segments and within orifice of anal tube. Trilocular pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06AA1F98A2FF4FF61" box="[410,493,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBFFFA06AEBF98A2FF4FF61" box="[464,493,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) thick-rimmed, fairly numerous on head, thorax, and anterior abdominal segments, forming almost elongate groups across segments and around margins of meso- and metathoracic segments and abdomen. Discoidal pores of 2 sizes, each with a heavily sclerotized rim (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA068CAF9522A5CFFA9" box="[1009,1093,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7h</figureCitation>
) and smaller than a trilocular pore. Tubular ducts of 2 sizes: a large
<typeStatus id="143F50DFFFBFFFA06968F9762C9AFFD5" box="[595,643,1719,1745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA069AFF9762CFAFFD5" box="[660,739,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7i</figureCitation>
), with a narrow flange and transverse, almost quadrate inner end, sparsely present near margins of abdominal segments VII and VIII, and together with multilocular disc pores situated internally within orifice of anal tube; and a small
<typeStatus id="143F50DFFFBFFFA06808F93E2D7AFE1D" box="[819,867,1791,1817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">type</typeStatus>
of duct (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA068F5F93E2A05FE1D" box="[974,1052,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7j</figureCitation>
), with almost quadrate inner end, fairly numerous on abdominal segment VII, associated with groups of trilocular pores. With short, pointed setae (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06BA4F8862EEBFE65" box="[159,242,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7k</figureCitation>
) similar to those on dorsum, longer on posterior abdominal segments (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06F2AF8862A47FE65" box="[1041,1118,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7l</figureCitation>
); a pair of thick apical setae present. Disc-like pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06A89F8AA2C16FE81" box="[434,527,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">
Fig.
<quantity id="0C7C4398FFBFFFA06AD3F8AA2C16FE81" box="[488,527,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="7.0">7m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), each with a thick rim and reticulated surface, numerous in submarginal groups on metathorax and abdominal segments II and III; some pores also present between anterior and posterior spiracles. Multilocular disc pores same as those on dorsum, a few present immediately posterior to vulva (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBFFFA06FD0F8722B59FEC9" box="[1259,1344,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="225">Fig. 7n</figureCitation>
); others forming medial transverse rows on abdominal segment III and posterior segments, and a band around margins and submargins (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBEFFA16A12FF562F65F9B5" box="[297,380,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Fig. 7o</figureCitation>
) as far forward as head. Multilocular disc pores present also on thorax, on area surrounding each anterior spiracle and some reaching posterior spiracles; others sparsely distributed on medial areas of thorax. Discoidal pores (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBEFFA16A6EFF1E2FBEF9FD" box="[341,423,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Fig. 7p</figureCitation>
) of same
<specimenCount id="DD8225F4FFBEFFA1692EFF1E2C7CF9FD" box="[533,613,223,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
as those on dorsum, scattered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBEFFA16BFCFEC32B3CF819" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,285]" box="[199,1317,258,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16BFCFEC32F42F818" bold="true" box="[199,347,258,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Comparison</emphasis>
: Our diagnosis mostly agrees with the description and illustration by
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBEFFA16F5DFEC22B38F819" author="Williams, D. J." box="[1126,1313,259,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" refId="ref15992" refString="Williams, D. J. (2004) Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum, Southdene SDN. BHD., Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp." type="book" year="2004">Williams (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9FFBBEF5FFBEFFA16BACF9B12DFAFE1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" startId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" targetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBEFFA16BACF9B12DFAFE1C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1648,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16BACF9B12F0CFF8C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1648,1672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBEFFA16A26F9B12C54FF8C" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[285,589,1648,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16A26F9B12FC5FF8C" box="[285,476,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Antonina thaiensis</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female.
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16F46F9B12A89FF8C" bold="true" box="[1149,1168,1648,1672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">a.</emphasis>
Antenna;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16FC5F9B12B0BFF8C" bold="true" box="[1278,1298,1648,1672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">b.</emphasis>
Anal ring;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16EB0F9B12B85FF8C" bold="true" box="[1419,1436,1648,1672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">c.</emphasis>
Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA1696AF9552C7CFFA8" bold="true" box="[593,613,1684,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">d.</emphasis>
Dorsal setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA169C1F9552D12FFA8" bold="true" box="[762,779,1684,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">e.</emphasis>
Marginal conical setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16F31F9552A00FFA8" bold="true" box="[1034,1049,1684,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">f.</emphasis>
Multilocular disc pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16E26F9552B29FFA8" bold="true" box="[1309,1328,1684,1708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">g.</emphasis>
Trilocular pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16BE6F9792EE8FFD4" bold="true" box="[221,241,1720,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">h.</emphasis>
Discoidal pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16A9CF9792FADFFD4" bold="true" box="[423,436,1720,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">i.</emphasis>
Large-type tubular ducts;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA169FDF9792CCCFFD4" bold="true" box="[710,725,1720,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">j.</emphasis>
Small-type tubular ducts;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA168DCF9792DE2FFD4" bold="true" box="[999,1019,1720,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">k.</emphasis>
Ventral setae;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16FAEF9792ABAFFD4" bold="true" box="[1173,1187,1720,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">l.</emphasis>
Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16AE9F91D2FF7FFF0" bold="true" box="[466,494,1756,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">m.</emphasis>
Disc-like pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA169A1F91D2CB7FFF0" bold="true" box="[666,686,1756,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">n.</emphasis>
Multilocular pores posterior to vulva;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16F09F91D2A5CFFF0" bold="true" box="[1074,1093,1756,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">o.</emphasis>
Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA1692CF8C12C32FE1C" bold="true" box="[535,555,1792,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">p.</emphasis>
Ventral discoidal pores;
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA1681CF8C12D22FE1C" bold="true" box="[807,827,1792,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">q.</emphasis>
Female habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB3BEE7DFFBEFFA26BFCF8872F14F845" blockId="13.[151,1437,1862,2033]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16BFCF8872F9CFE64" bold="true" box="[199,389,1862,1888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Ecological notes</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBEFFA16AA8F8862C7BFE64" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[403,610,1862,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16AA8F8862C7BFE64" box="[403,610,1862,1889]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Antonina thaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described from
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBEFFA1684DF8872DC3FE64" box="[886,986,1862,1888]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBEFFA168DDF8872A8EFE64" author="Takahashi, R." box="[998,1175,1862,1888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref15494" refString="Takahashi, R. (1942) Some injurious insects of agricultural plants and forest trees in Thailand and Indo-China. II. Coccidae. Report of the Government Research Institute. Department of Agriculture, Formosa, 81, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1942">Takahashi 1942</bibRefCitation>
) and was later recorded in
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBEFFA16B8FF8AB2F02FE80" box="[180,283,1898,1924]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
in the 1940s (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBEFFA16A8CF8AB2C75FE81" author="Takahashi, R." box="[439,620,1898,1925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref15538" refString="Takahashi, R. (1951) Some mealybugs (Pseudococcidae, Homoptera) from the Malay Peninsula. Indian Journal of Entomology, 12, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1951">Takahashi 1951</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBEFFA169BBF8AB2CF4FE80" box="[640,749,1898,1924]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBEFFA169C0F8AB2D29FE80" box="[763,816,1898,1924]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Java</collectingRegion>
) in 1957 (
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBEFFA1689AF8AB2A98FE80" author="Sartiami, D. &amp; Watson, G. W. &amp; Mohamad Roff, M. N. &amp; Idris, A. B." box="[929,1153,1898,1924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" pagination="155 - 161" refId="ref15186" refString="Sartiami, D., Watson, G. W., Mohamad Roff, M. N. &amp; Idris, A. B. (2016) New Indonesian country records and species information for mealybugs (Hemiptera Pseudococcidae) in Wirjati's historic collection. Redia, XCIX, 155 - 161." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Sartiami
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16F32F8AA2A58FE80" box="[1033,1089,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) and more recently in
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBEFFA16E47F8AB2EC4FEAC" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBEFFA16BD0F84F2FDEFEAC" author="Sirisena, U. G. A. I. &amp; Watson, G. W. &amp; Hemachandra, K. S. &amp; Wijayagunasekara, H. N. P." box="[235,455,1934,1960]" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" pagination="365 - 367" refId="ref15381" refString="Sirisena, U. G. A. I., Watson, G. W., Hemachandra, K. S. &amp; Wijayagunasekara, H. N. P. (2012) Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) introduced recently to Sri Lanka, with three new country records. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 88, 365 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.4038 / tar. v 25 i 1.8031" type="journal article" year="2012">
Sirisena
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16A76F84E2F9DFEAC" box="[333,388,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
); this suggests that the species is slowly spreading from Southeast Asia to southern Asia, infesting mainly species of bamboos, and hence may spread to different parts of
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBEFFA16F1FF8732A47FEC8" box="[1060,1118,1970,1996]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">India</collectingCountry>
where ornamental bamboos are commonly grown in parks and gardens. The parasitoid
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBEFFA16809F8162AF2FEF5" authority="Singh &amp; Hayat" authorityName="Singh &amp; Hayat" authorityYear="2002" box="[818,1259,2006,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imphalensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBEFFA16809F8162A23FEF4" box="[818,1082,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="226">Microterys imphalensis</emphasis>
Singh &amp; Hayat
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBEFFA16FC1F8172B80FEF4" box="[1274,1433,2006,2032]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26BACFF562F0BF9B5" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,274,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="53BFF2F8FFBDFFA26A11FF562F65F9B5" box="[298,380,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-80@13.[216,1371,309,1624]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Antonina thaiensis Takahashi, diagnostic characters of slide-mounted adult female. a. Antenna; b. Anal ring; c. Vulva with heavily sclerotized apophyses; d. Dorsal setae; e. Marginal conical setae; f. Multilocular disc pores; g. Trilocular pores; h. Discoidal pores; i. Large-type tubular ducts; j. Small-type tubular ducts; k. Ventral setae; l. Longer ventral setae on posterior abdominal segments; m. Disc-like pores; n. Multilocular pores posterior to vulva; o. Multilocular pores on margin and submargin, and ventral tubular ducts; p. Ventral discoidal pores; q. Female habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7147217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7147217/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Fig. 7n</figureCitation>
) was found parasitizing the mealybug in fairly large numbers. No other natural enemies have been recorded from
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26A46FF7A2C18F9D1" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[381,513,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26A46FF7A2C18F9D1" box="[381,513,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. thaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other parts of the world.
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26859FF7A2A73F9D1" authorityName="Singh &amp; Hayat" authorityYear="2002" box="[866,1130,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imphalensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26859FF7A2A73F9D1" box="[866,1130,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Microterys imphalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="AF15938CFFBDFFA26E06FF7A2F34F9FD" author="Singh, S. &amp; Hayat, M." pageId="14" pageNumber="227" pagination="405 - 421" refId="ref15345" refString="Singh, S. &amp; Hayat, M. (2002) New species and new record of Microterys (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae). Oriental Insects, 36, 405 - 421." type="journal article" year="2002">Singh &amp; Hayat (2002)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingRegion id="0940209FFFBDFFA26A49FF1E2FCBF9FD" box="[370,466,223,249]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">Manipur</collectingRegion>
on an unknown host. The present record of this parasitoid attacking
<taxonomicName id="0C8495FEFFBDFFA26FE7FF1E2B79F9FD" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1942" box="[1244,1376,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Antonina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaiensis">
<emphasis id="F9F0326FFFBDFFA26FE7FF1E2B79F9FD" box="[1244,1376,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">A. thaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is its first host record, as well as a new distribution record for southern
<collectingCountry id="B393AEEDFFBDFFA26841FEC22DAEF819" box="[890,951,259,285]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="227">India</collectingCountry>
. No ant species was observed attending the mealybug.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

83
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<taxonomicName id="52C36507CB06213E8FCD3B635D73B982" ID-CoL="7VY2C" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Epidendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="moniliforme">
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,
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<emphasis id="DAFFDA4271C61C1FCB8421B30E86C428" italics="true" pageNumber="495">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
2
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.
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<paragraph id="581B2B6E4CC73FF1C4171EAB5FEFADF1" pageNumber="495">&quot;Habitat in Japoniae rupibus &amp; arboribus parasitica.&quot; RCN: 6903.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="3905335775D2D228B660271838AB3C3D" pageNumber="495">
<typeStatus id="520D60F815F748533E3B2964B1879452">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Merrill in
<emphasis id="BF6AC3A705E2E0AA8E69A68E18BD56D1" italics="true" pageNumber="495">J. Arnold Arbor.</emphasis>
19: 330. 1938): [icon] &quot;
<emphasis id="5707269A84185148668958C129D95718" italics="true" pageNumber="495">Fu Ran</emphasis>
&quot; in Kaempfer, Amoen. Exot. Fasc.: 864, 865. 1712.
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Current name:
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<emphasis id="DF0DD9C57301BE5225BA4801F19E5EB4" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="495">Dendrobium moniliforme</emphasis>
(L.) Sw.
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(
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).
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1120-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">711E0A8282AB43B59CC489BD87955061</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DB329BE83C4757FCAFDA96535E8C0D89</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EECC59E7-265B-479E-9A7B-7C2EDCDBA4AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D91A423A65330A51FE3236898EF42" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/EECC59E7-265B-479E-9A7B-7C2EDCDBA4AE" authority="Lee &amp; Hsieh, 2022" authorityName="Lee &amp; Hsieh" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Brachyphytodecta">Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) liui sp. nov. A G. (B.) scutellaris, color variation, from Taiwan, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D G. (B.) liui sp. nov., dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 9D-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Lee &amp; Hsieh, 2022" authorityName="Lee &amp; Hsieh" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonioctena issikii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="issikii" status="sp. nov.">Gonioctena issikii</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Ge, S-Q" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="579 - 587" publicationUrl="http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/Daccordi_Gonioctena%20warchalowskii.pdf" refId="B25" refString="Ge, S-Q, Daccordi, M, Yang, X-K, 2007. Two new species of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Genus 18: 579 - 587, http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/Daccordi_Gonioctena%20warchalowskii.pdf" title="Two new species of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)." url="http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/Daccordi_Gonioctena%20warchalowskii.pdf" volume="18" year="2007">Ge et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 582 (aedeagus);
<bibRefCitation author="Cho, HW" journalOrPublisher="Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Poland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B11" refString="Cho, HW, 2016. Revision and classification of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Ph. D. dissertation. Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Poland" title="Revision and classification of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Ph. D. dissertation." year="2016">Cho 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 95 (redescription). Misidentification
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="types (n = 95)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types (n = 95).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
♂ (TARI): TAIWAN. Nantou: Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), 3.VII.2014, leg. F.-S. Huang,
<normalizedToken originalValue="變葉新木薑子">變葉新木薑子</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Neolitsea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Neolitsea aciculata subsp. var. var. variabillima" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aciculata" subSpecies="var." variety="variabillima">Neolitsea aciculata var. variabillima</taxonomicName>
)
<normalizedToken originalValue="噴霧">噴霧</normalizedToken>
(fogging).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
. Nantou: 3♂, 4♀ (TARI), Lienhuachih (蓮華池), 7.V.2016, leg. C.-J. Liu; 5♂ (TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“21.V.2016”">&quot;21.V.2016&quot;</normalizedToken>
, reared from larvae; 5♂, 5♀ (TARI), same locality, 10.V.2016, leg. H. Lee; 9♂, 9♀ (TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“20.V.2017”">&quot;20.V.2017&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 5♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 12.V.2016, leg. P.-H. Li; 2♀ (TARI), same locality, 22.III.2018, leg. J.-C. Chen; 3♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 25.V.2019, leg. B.-H. Ho; 9♂, 15♀ (TARI), same locality, 20.IV.2020, leg. C.-F. Lee; 12♂, 7♀ (TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“3.VI.2020”">&quot;3.VI.2020&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♂, 3♀ (TARI), same locality, 16.IV.2021, leg. W.-C. Liao.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Length 5.3-6.1 mm, width 3.2-3.9 mm. Body color (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) liui sp. nov. A G. (B.) scutellaris, color variation, from Taiwan, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D G. (B.) liui sp. nov., dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9D-F</figureCitation>
) blackish brown; antennomeres I-V, sides of pronotum and hypomeron yellowish brown; elytra with wide yellowish brown outer margins and suture. Antennae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A</figureCitation>
) with antennomere III slender, IV and V slightly swollen, VI and VII moderately swollen, VIII-X strongly swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.5: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 1.0, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.1: 1.5: 2.2: 1.6: 1.5: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 1.1: 1.0: 1.8. Pronotum 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced; anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view; trichobothria absent on both anterior and posterior angles; disc covered with sparse fine punctures and mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with rather regular coarse punctures arranged into single stria; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B</figureCitation>
. C) with apical process wide and short in dorsal view, 0.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as aedeagus; lateral margins slightly narrowed in basal 1/3; strongly curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite extremely elongate. Gonocoxae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D</figureCitation>
) narrow, but apically narrowed, with few long setae along apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12E</figureCitation>
) transverse, with several long setae along outer margin. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12F</figureCitation>
) slightly swollen, not separated from pump; pump short and curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct moderately short.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee &amp; Hsieh" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liui" subGenus="Brachyphytodecta">Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
aedeagus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
gonocoxae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite VIII
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee &amp; Hsieh" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liui" subGenus="Brachyphytodecta">Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other consubgeneric species,
<taxonomicName family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. (B.) scutellaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scutellaris" subGenus="B.">G. (B.) scutellaris</taxonomicName>
, by the following combination of the characters: black head, most of pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) liui sp. nov. A G. (B.) scutellaris, color variation, from Taiwan, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D G. (B.) liui sp. nov., dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9D</figureCitation>
), and thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) liui sp. nov. A G. (B.) scutellaris, color variation, from Taiwan, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D G. (B.) liui sp. nov., dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9E</figureCitation>
) (yellowish brown head and pronotum (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) fulva (Motschulsky) A G. (B.) scutellaris, typical form, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C same species, color variation, syntype of G. dichroa Fairmaire D G. (B.) fulva, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738727" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) liui sp. nov. A G. (B.) scutellaris, color variation, from Taiwan, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D G. (B.) liui sp. nov., dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A</figureCitation>
), thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) fulva (Motschulsky) A G. (B.) scutellaris, typical form, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C same species, color variation, syntype of G. dichroa Fairmaire D G. (B.) fulva, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738727" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitus of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly and G. (B.) liui sp. nov. A G. (B.) scutellaris, color variation, from Taiwan, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D G. (B.) liui sp. nov., dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9B</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. (B.) scutellaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scutellaris" subGenus="B.">G. (B.) scutellaris</taxonomicName>
), short, wide apical process of aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738731" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B, C</figureCitation>
) (extremely elongate apical process of aedeagus in
<taxonomicName family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. (B.) scutellaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scutellaris" subGenus="B.">G. (B.) scutellaris</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Diagnostic characters of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly A antenna B aedeagus, dorsal view C aedeagus, lateral view D gonocoxae E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738729" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10B, C</figureCitation>
), and narrow gonocoxae covered with fewer setae (wide gonocoxae covered with more setae in
<taxonomicName family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. (B.) scutellaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scutellaris" subGenus="B.">G. (B.) scutellaris</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although
<bibRefCitation author="Ge, S-Q" journalOrPublisher="Genus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="579 - 587" publicationUrl="http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/Daccordi_Gonioctena%20warchalowskii.pdf" refId="B25" refString="Ge, S-Q, Daccordi, M, Yang, X-K, 2007. Two new species of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Genus 18: 579 - 587, http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/Daccordi_Gonioctena%20warchalowskii.pdf" title="Two new species of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)." url="http://www.cassidae.uni.wroc.pl/Daccordi_Gonioctena%20warchalowskii.pdf" volume="18" year="2007">Ge et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
drew only the aedeagi in dorsal and lateral views when
<taxonomicName family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. issikii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="issikii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. issikii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was mentioned, it is easily identified as this new species.
<bibRefCitation author="Cho, HW" journalOrPublisher="Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Poland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B11" refString="Cho, HW, 2016. Revision and classification of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Ph. D. dissertation. Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Poland" title="Revision and classification of the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Ph. D. dissertation." year="2016">Cho (2016)</bibRefCitation>
redescibed
<taxonomicName family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. issikii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="issikii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. issikii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in detail but it actually fits perfectly this new species. The type specimen was not studied by these authors mentioned above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ormosia formosana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ormosia formosana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kanehira (new record, present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee &amp; Hsieh" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liui" subGenus="Brachyphytodecta">Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui</taxonomicName>
populations are presumed to be multivoltine during spring, and females are ovoviviparous. Host plants are one of only a few woody
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat in Dejean" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
in Taiwan. They grow 7-9 m high (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
). They started blooming during April (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13B</figureCitation>
). Most adults (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13F</figureCitation>
) and larvae were collected from flower buds (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13C</figureCitation>
). Females deposited larvae and the larvae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13D</figureCitation>
) fed on internal tissues of the flower buds through holes chewed by adults. They preferred to feed on the flower buds rather than young sprouts. The larval duration was eight days. Mature larvae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13D</figureCitation>
) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation. The duration of the pupal stage (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Natural history of Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. on host plant Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae) A the whole tree, Ormosia formosana (Fabaceae), the shape indicated by arrows B bloomed in April C flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net D fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation E pupa F adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13E</figureCitation>
) was nine days at room temperature. Flowering season of the host plant occurs from April to June (
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, TC" editor="Huang, TC" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 3. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Taipei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="160 - 396" refId="B30" refString="Huang, TC, Ohashi, H, 1993. Leguminosae. In: Huang, TC, Ed., Flora of Taiwan, 2nd Edn. Vol. 3. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Taipei: 160 - 396" title="Leguminosae." volumeTitle="Flora of Taiwan, 2 nd Edn." year="1993">Huang and Ohashi 1993</bibRefCitation>
), but the blooming period for individual trees is less than a month.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Natural history of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee &amp; Hsieh" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gonioctena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liui" subGenus="Brachyphytodecta">Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. on host plant
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ormosia formosana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ormosia formosana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
the whole tree,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ormosia formosana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ormosia formosana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
), the shape indicated by arrows
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
bloomed in April
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flower buds and larvae collected with the sweeping net
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
fourth-instar larva burrowing into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
pupa
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
adults.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The host plant is an endemic and rare species in Taiwan that is restricted to the central regions (
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, TC" editor="Huang, TC" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 3. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Taipei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="160 - 396" refId="B30" refString="Huang, TC, Ohashi, H, 1993. Leguminosae. In: Huang, TC, Ed., Flora of Taiwan, 2nd Edn. Vol. 3. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Taipei: 160 - 396" title="Leguminosae." volumeTitle="Flora of Taiwan, 2 nd Edn." year="1993">Huang and Ohashi 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Few insects utilize it as a foodplant. The only species documented until now is a skipper,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hsu, Tsukiyama &amp; Chiba" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Leguminosae" genus="Hasora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hasora anura subsp. taiwana" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anura" subSpecies="taiwana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hasora anura taiwana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, Y-F" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="200 - 209" publicationUrl="https://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/200.pdf" refId="B29" refString="Hsu, Y-F, Tsukiyama, H, Chiba, H, 2005. Hasora anura de Niceville from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) representing a new subspecies endemic to the island. Zoological Studies 44: 200 - 209, https://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/200.pdf" title="Hasora anura de Niceville from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) representing a new subspecies endemic to the island." url="https://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/200.pdf" volume="44" year="2005">Hsu et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
), which is monophagous on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ormosia formosana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ormosia formosana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kanehira as a larval foodplant (
<bibRefCitation author="Hsu, Y-F" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="200 - 209" publicationUrl="https://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/200.pdf" refId="B29" refString="Hsu, Y-F, Tsukiyama, H, Chiba, H, 2005. Hasora anura de Niceville from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) representing a new subspecies endemic to the island. Zoological Studies 44: 200 - 209, https://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/200.pdf" title="Hasora anura de Niceville from Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) representing a new subspecies endemic to the island." url="https://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/200.pdf" volume="44" year="2005">Hsu et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="entomology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Entomology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species name is dedicated to Mr. Cheng-Jr Liu (呂晟智) who collected types and discovered the host plant.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This new species is restricted to Central Taiwan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

191
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L.
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(
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L.
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partim,
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[
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] Pari.)
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<paragraph id="5B7958DCC2019A4FBD11C888B0A074D8" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">Weiche Trespe</paragraph>
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1
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, 10-90 cm hoch. Stengel aufrecht oder bogig aufsteigend. Ganze Pflanze weich behaart, deshalb meist
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.
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, die
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die meisten
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viel
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(ohne Grannen)
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auch zur Reifezeit die
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:
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bis Herbst.
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Material aus
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-Wald in
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und Larsen 1958b; dort und von
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und
<normalizedToken id="3002D15C872AD71DB8C7CBE0BBEA1855" originalValue="Löve" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">Loeve</normalizedToken>
1961 Zusammenstellung der vielen,
<normalizedToken id="11E777F17F45E5451C8A1B72EB2A2AA4" originalValue="übereinstimmenden" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">uebereinstimmenden</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="288EEAFF3E4616B662B90625B6DE8C4E" originalValue="Zählungen" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">Zaehlungen</normalizedToken>
aus dem weiten Verbreitungsareal der Art); Material aus Chile (Bowden und Senn 1962).
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<emphasis id="07103EB80DBF9BCB445815CD5D8206A6" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">Standort.</emphasis>
Kollin, montan, seltener subalpin. Trockene, stickstoffhaltige
<normalizedToken id="8E1D304377A5D6B40E2835D33F90EE6F" originalValue="Böden" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">Boeden</normalizedToken>
.
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Wiesen (besonders im
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Br.-Bl. 1919),
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, Mauerkronen, Getreidefelder.
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<emphasis id="2C7C9E773E6BECC1ABF2F52BFDA66EEB" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">Verbreitung. Eurasiatische Pflanze</emphasis>
. Fast ganz
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(
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verschleppt bis 68° NB), Nordafrika, durch das
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Asien
<normalizedToken id="3933887DF8F1CC7882AEFBDEAD037505" originalValue="ostwärts" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">ostwaerts</normalizedToken>
bis Japan; in Nordamerika,
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,
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, Australien und Neuseeland eingeschleppt. Verbreitungskarte von
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(1962). - Im Gebiet verbreitet und
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.
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<emphasis id="5E67274AEC72771DC504F654E1239D96" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">
Bemerkungen.
<taxonomicName id="0A9B56CB1942ED87D537951AA8B1486E" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="null" pageNumber="366" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="hordeaceus">B. hordeaceus L.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCF8C23190E7EDCF6494FC8BEFBCED22" pageId="null" pageNumber="366" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
ist eine
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Art, die von
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<emphasis id="1DF675E2ABE950F38375DDB3A146FBE8" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="366">B. mollis</emphasis>
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verschieden ist (Holmberg 1924); die beiden Arten bilden zum
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Teil fertile Bastarde (experimentelle Untersuchungen von Nilsson F. 1931).
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141
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.38.7288" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224370" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-38-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFBA8F69F571FFFCFF9FFFDDFFC86060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574845" ID-ZooBank="F1A1EDD179BE4D4AA1CC86CAB70EE912" ModsDocID="1314-2607-38-59" checkinTime="1451252299699" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hazir, Canan, Keskin, Nevin &amp; Scheuchl, Erwin" docDate="2014" docId="432DC6F3E48C0418D28DFB13D3D6D2D7" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 38: 59-133" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 38" docPubDate="2014-06-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.38.7288" docTitle="Andrena semirubra Morawitz 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="FFBA8F69F571FFFCFF9FFFDDFFC86060" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FFBA8F69F571FFFCFF9FFFDDFFC86060" masterDocTitle="Faunistic, geographical and biological contributions to the bee genus Andrena (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Andreninae) from Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="59" pageId="45" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1643526812976" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>Hazir, Canan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Keskin, Nevin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Scheuchl, Erwin</mods:namePart>
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Ankara, Antalya (Akseki), Bursa (
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1976
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Adana:
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, 38°14'76&quot;N,
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, 1449 m, 6.V.2007, 1 ♂, leg. B.
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, C.
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; Ankara: Hacettepe
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, 29.V.2005, 1 ♂, leg. E. Scheuchl; Karaman:
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, 36°38'95&quot;N,
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, 1616 m, 22.V.2007, 1 ♀,
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,
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,
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, 1735 m, 22.V.2007, 9 ♀♀, leg. B.
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, S.
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,
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,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="34.209167">34°12'33&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 1625 m, 19.VI.2006, 1 ♀, leg. B.
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, E. Scheuchl;
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: Emet,
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,
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, 1044 m, 5.VI.2007, 1 ♀, leg. E. Scheuchl;
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: 37°34'79&quot;N, 34°31'94&quot;E, 1516 m, 19.V.2006, 1 ♀, leg. C.
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<treatment id="432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203801" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF7909EEFCAEFF2F" box="[151,822,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF7909EEFCAEFF2F" blockId="9.[151,822,151,213]" box="[151,822,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="9073F65D99254C5CFF7909EEFCAEFF2F" bold="true" box="[151,822,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF7909EEFCAEFF2F" bold="true" box="[151,822,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFF7909EEFD54FF2F" authority="Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityName="Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,716,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikkima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF7909EEFE1EFF2C" bold="true" box="[151,390,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Endotricha sikkima</emphasis>
Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899254C5CFD3609EEFCAEFF2F" box="[728,822,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF7909C2FEBEFF4B" box="[151,294,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF7909C2FEBEFF4B" blockId="9.[151,822,151,213]" box="[151,294,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499254C5CFF7109C2FF6DFF4B" box="[159,245,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499254C5CFEEF09C2FE86FF4B" box="[257,286,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1283,383,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[304,1283,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 23, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13270/H10); 24, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/ H10); 25, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 26, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 27, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 28, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203944/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF79087AFE8BFE6B" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF79087AFDA5FE83" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" box="[151,573,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF79087AFEA1FE83" bold="true" box="[151,313,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Type locality:</emphasis>
Dodak (
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFE74087AFE77FE83" box="[410,495,259,285]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFE14087AFDADFE83" box="[506,565,259,285]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">India</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF29085EFE29FEDC" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" box="[199,433,295,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF29085EFE31FEDF" bold="true" box="[199,425,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Material examined</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF290832FB2DFEFB" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" box="[199,1205,331,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFF290832FB2DFEFB" box="[199,1205,331,360]" collectingDate="2014-09-24" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Dodak" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF290832FEACFEFB" bold="true" box="[199,308,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399254C5CFF290832FEACFEFB" box="[199,308,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(♁).
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFE9F0832FE35FEFB" box="[369,429,331,357]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFE560832FD96FEFB" bold="true" box="[440,526,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFE560832FD96FEFB" box="[440,526,331,357]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFDF20832FDF2FEFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90:CE5B17EA99254C5CFDF20832FDF2FEFB" box="[540,618,331,357]" country="India" name="Dodak" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Sikkim">Dodak</location>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFD9A0832FD75FEFB" box="[628,749,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-09-24">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFD9A0832FD75FEFB" box="[628,749,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-09-24">24.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13272/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499254C5CFC7C0835FC30FEF8" box="[914,936,332,358]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799254C5CFC5D0832FB9AFEFB" box="[947,1026,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF290816FE8BFE6B" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFF290816FDD6FE4F" collectingDate="2013-05-29" collectingDateMax="2014-05-02" collectingDateMin="2013-05-29" country="India" county="Yuksom" location="Golitar" municipality="Gangtok" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF290816FEA7FE17" bold="true" box="[199,319,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399254C5CFF290816FEA7FE17" box="[199,319,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(13 ♁).
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFE460816FE7CFE17" box="[424,484,367,393]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFE1C0816FDD0FE17" bold="true" box="[498,584,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFE1C0816FDD0FE17" box="[498,584,367,393]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="225A39BD99254C5CFDB70816FD20FE17" box="[601,696,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Yuksom</collectingCounty>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFCED0816FCEAFE17" box="[771,882,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-05-02">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFCED0816FCEAFE17" box="[771,882,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-05-02">02.v.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13273/H10),
<collectingMunicipality id="2B5FDB4B99254C5CFBF30816FB18FE17" box="[1053,1152,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Gangtok</collectingMunicipality>
, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFB230816FAA3FE17" box="[1229,1339,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-05-29">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFB230816FAA3FE17" box="[1229,1339,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-05-29">29.v.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13274/ H10),
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFF3108EAFEA8FE33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90:CE5B17EA99254C5CFF3108EAFEA8FE33" box="[223,304,403,429]" country="India" county="Yuksom" municipality="Gangtok" name="Golitar" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Sikkim">Golitar</location>
, 4 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFE9A08EAFE72FE33" box="[372,490,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-30">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFE9A08EAFE72FE33" box="[372,490,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-30">30.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13275/H10),
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFD7E08EDFD77FE30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90:CE5B17EA99254C5CFD7E08EDFD77FE30" box="[656,751,404,430]" country="India" county="Yuksom" municipality="Gangtok" name="Mangan" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Sikkim">Mangan</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFCDD08EAFC31FE33" box="[819,937,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-24">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFCDD08EAFC31FE33" box="[819,937,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-24">24.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13276/H10), 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFB6908EAFB65FE30" box="[1159,1277,403,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-25">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFB6908EAFB65FE30" box="[1159,1277,403,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-25">25.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13277/H10),
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFF7908C1FF6AFE4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90:CE5B17EA99254C5CFF7908C1FF6AFE4C" box="[151,242,440,466]" country="India" county="Yuksom" municipality="Gangtok" name="Dzongu" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Sikkim">Dzongu</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFED508CEFE29FE4F" box="[315,433,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-28">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFED508CEFE29FE4F" box="[315,433,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-28">28.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13278/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFDB208CEFE88FE6B" collectingDate="2013-05-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Sessa" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFDB208CEFCDEFE4F" bold="true" box="[604,838,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFDB208CEFCDEFE4F" box="[604,838,439,465]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFCB908CEFC00FE4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5CFF7909EEFC3DFA90:CE5B17EA99254C5CFCB908CEFC00FE4F" box="[855,920,439,465]" country="India" name="Sessa" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Arunachal Pradesh">Sessa</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFC0F08CEFBD7FE4F" box="[993,1103,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-05-12">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFC0F08CEFBD7FE4F" box="[993,1103,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-05-12">12.v.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13279/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499254C5CFB1608C1FA96FE4C" box="[1272,1294,440,466]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799254C5CFAF508CEFAF2FE4F" box="[1307,1386,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF290886FE58FD1B" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF290886FE58FD1B" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF290886FEDCFD87" bold="true" box="[199,324,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Externally,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFE220B79FDDAFD87" authority="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti, 2023" authorityName="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[460,578,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikkima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFE220B79FDDAFD87" box="[460,578,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">E. sikkima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFDA70886FD3BFD87" bold="true" box="[585,675,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899254C5CFDA70886FD3BFD87" box="[585,675,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499254C5CFD5C0886FC9AFD87" box="[690,770,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFC180B79FB32FD87" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[1014,1194,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Doththa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesenterialis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFC180B79FB32FD87" box="[1014,1194,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">E. mesenterialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFAB00B79FA04FD87" box="[1374,1436,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099254C5CFF790B5AFEA1FDA3" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[151,313,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
), but is distinct by the absence of a basal process of the antennae. In male genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFB130B5DFAEBFDA3" authority="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti, 2023" authorityName="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[1277,1395,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikkima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFB130B5DFAEBFDA3" box="[1277,1395,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">E. sikkima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFA950B5AFF50FDFF" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899254C5CFA950B5AFF50FDFF" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499254C5CFF370B3EFEB3FDFF" box="[217,299,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1283,383,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[304,1283,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 23, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13270/H10); 24, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/ H10); 25, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 26, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 27, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 28, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203944/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) is distinct by the presence of a robust cornutus in the vesica, which is absent in all other species of the group (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099254C5CFEFE0B12FE29FD1B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[272,433,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF290BF6FE09FBE3" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF290BF6FC4FFC1F" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF290BF6FEC3FD37" bold="true" box="[199,347,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Description:</emphasis>
Male. Forewing length
<quantity id="0C7CECD499254C5CFD820BF6FD29FD34" box="[620,689,655,682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
. Labial palpi upturned, reaching up to frons, covered with loosely packed brown and white scales; vertex brownish with some paler scales; collar purplish brown; patagia black, reaching well beyond thorax. Forewing purplish pink, basal area darker with blackish scales towards costal area; antemedial black line curved, boarding basal dark area; a subcostal, brown, elongate oval patch beyond antemedial line to submarginal black line. Discocellular with black scales. Hindwing pinkish-purple, with fuscous scales; costal, subcostal area paler; a medial, indistinct paler band, bordered with some blackish scales. Cilia long, yellowish with purplish pink and fuscous bases; subapical patch of cilia purely yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF290AF2FC27FBC7" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Male genitalia with uncus T-shaped, apico-lateral arms long downwardly curved, densely setose; socii upwardly directed. Gnathos cuneate. Dorsal portion of valva membranous, densely covered with inwardly directed and piliform scales; area posterior to costa weakly sclerotised; protrusion emerging from the centre of valva pointing towards dorsal end of sacculus base; sacculus broad at base, narrowing distally. Tegumen broad at base. Transtilla sclerotised, constricted medially. Juxta elongate, almost rectangular with patches of spines apically. Vinculum squarish. Phallus elongated, vesica with a long spined cornutus with patch of scobination.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF290D1AFE09FBE3" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,1294]" box="[199,401,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Female unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF290DFEFF61FB5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF290DFEFEFBFB3F" bold="true" box="[199,355,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Distribution:</emphasis>
The new species is so far reported to be distributed in Indian Himalaya (
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFB520DFEFA01FB3F" box="[1212,1433,1159,1185]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFF790DD2FF75FB5B" box="[151,237,1195,1221]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF290DB6FC3DFA90" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF290DB6FECAFB77" bold="true" box="[199,338,1231,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet refers to the Indian state of
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFC830DB6FC59FB77" box="[877,961,1231,1257]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, where its
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locality is situated. A noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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430
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<heading id="9073F65D99254C5CFF790C26FD5AFAE7" bold="true" box="[151,706,1375,1402]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099254C5CFF790C26FD5AFAE7" author="Walker, F." box="[151,706,1375,1402]" page="285" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" year="1859">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF790C26FD5AFAE7" bold="true" box="[151,706,1375,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF790C26FE5FFAE4" bold="true" box="[151,455,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Endotricha mesenterialis</emphasis>
(
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(
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,
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, Borneo,
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<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF790C9EFDDCFA60" blockId="9.[151,1215,1479,1780]" box="[151,580,1510,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94661F99254C5CFF790C9EFDDCFA60" box="[151,580,1510,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
=
<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099254C5CFF420C9FFDDCFA60" author="Walker, F." box="[172,580,1510,1534]" page="390" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" year="1859">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF420C9FFE1CFA60" box="[172,388,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Endotricha suffusalis</emphasis>
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locality:
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=
<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099254C5CFF420F5DFDF8F9A2" author="Butler, A. G." box="[172,608,1571,1596]" page="428" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" year="1886">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFF420F5DFDF8F9A2" ID-CoL="96P3S" authority="Butler, 1886: 427 - 428" authorityName="Butler" authorityPageNumber="427 - 428" authorityYear="1886" box="[172,608,1571,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF420F5DFEEEF9A2" box="[172,374,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Endotricha obscura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099254C5CFE920F5DFDF8F9A2" author="Butler, A. G." box="[380,608,1571,1596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" pagination="381 - 441" refId="ref6814" refString="Butler, A. G. (1886) Description of 21 new genera and 103 new species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from the Australian region. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1886 (4), 381 - 441, pls. 9 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1886. tb 01633. x" type="journal article" year="1886">Butler, 1886: 427–428</bibRefCitation>
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locality:
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFEC60F3BFE10F9C4" box="[296,392,1602,1626]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFE7F0F3BFD93F9C4" box="[401,523,1602,1626]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94661F99254C5CFF790F18FD64F9E7" box="[151,764,1633,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
=
<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099254C5CFF420F18FDF5F9E7" author="Snellen, P. C. T." box="[172,621,1633,1657]" page="113" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" year="1895">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFF420F18FDF5F9E7" ID-CoL="94S7T" authority="Snellen, 1895: 112 - 113" authorityName="Snellen" authorityPageNumber="112 - 113" authorityYear="1895" box="[172,621,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eoidalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF420F18FEECF9E7" box="[172,372,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Endotricha eoidalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099254C5CFE950F18FDF5F9E7" author="Snellen, P. C. T." box="[379,621,1633,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" pagination="103 - 161" refId="ref8139" refString="Snellen, P. C. T. (1895) Aanteekeningen over Pyraliden met beschrijving van nieuwe genera en soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 38, 103 - 161, pls. 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1895">Snellen, 1895: 112–113</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5 figs 2–3
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF790FF9FD49F906" box="[151,721,1664,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF790FF9FD49F906" blockId="9.[151,1215,1479,1780]" box="[151,721,1664,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFF790FF9FD49F906" box="[151,721,1664,1688]" country="Indonesia" location="Buitenzorg" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Barat" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399254C5CFF790FF9FF51F906" box="[151,201,1664,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFEC70FF9FE01F906" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5FFF790C26FBEFFD37:CE5B17EA99254C5CFEC70FF9FE01F906" box="[297,409,1664,1688]" country="Indonesia" name="Buitenzorg" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Jawa Barat">Buitenzorg</location>
[
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFE4B0FF9FD95F906" box="[421,525,1664,1688]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFDF90FF9FDE6F909" box="[535,638,1664,1687]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Barat" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">West Java</collectingRegion>
, Bogor]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF790FE6FD6DF928" box="[151,757,1694,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF790FE6FD6DF928" blockId="9.[151,1215,1479,1780]" box="[151,757,1694,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94661F99254C5CFF790FE6FD6DF928" box="[151,757,1694,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
=
<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099254C5CFF420FE7FDC8F928" author="Fryer, H. F." box="[172,592,1694,1719]" page="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" year="1912">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFF420FE7FDC8F928" ID-CoL="39SL2" authority="Fryer, 1912: 24" authorityName="Fryer" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1912" box="[172,592,1694,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofascialis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF420FE7FE33F928" box="[172,427,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Endotricha flavofascialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099254C5CFE5C0FE6FDC8F928" author="Fryer, H. F." box="[434,592,1694,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref7127" refString="Fryer, H. F. (1912) The Lepidoptera of Seychelles and Aldabra exclusive of the Orneodidae and Pterophoridae and of the Tortricina and Tineina. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 15, 1 - 28, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1912. tb 00086. x" type="journal article" year="1912">Fryer, 1912: 24</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 25, pl. 1 fig. 21
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF790FC4FD6AF94B" box="[151,754,1725,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF790FC4FD6AF94B" blockId="9.[151,1215,1479,1780]" box="[151,754,1725,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFF790FC4FD6AF94B" box="[151,754,1725,1749]" country="Seychelles" elevation="274" location="Silhouette" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399254C5CFF790FC4FF51F94B" box="[151,201,1725,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFEC70FC4FE00F94B" box="[297,408,1725,1749]" name="Seychelles" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, Mahé &amp;
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFE120FC4FDFDF94B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5FFF790C26FBEFFD37:CE5B17EA99254C5CFE120FC4FDFDF94B" box="[508,613,1725,1749]" country="Seychelles" name="Silhouette" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Silhouette</location>
,
<quantity id="0C7CECD499254C5CFD9E0FC4FD6AF94B" box="[624,754,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.4384" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" unit="ft" value="900.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="800.0">
<elevation id="40A9A60299254C5CFD9E0FC4FD6AF94B" box="[624,754,1725,1749]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.4384" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" unit="ft" value="900.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF790FA5FB27F96D" box="[151,1215,1755,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF790FA5FB27F96D" blockId="9.[151,1215,1479,1780]" box="[151,1215,1755,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94661F99254C5CFF790FA5FB27F96D" box="[151,1215,1755,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
=
<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099254C5CFF420FA5FD47F96A" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[172,735,1755,1780]" page="423" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" year="1963">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299254C5CFF420FA5FD47F96A" ID-CoL="94XBY" authority="Whalley, 1963: 423" authorityName="Whalley" authorityPageNumber="423" authorityYear="1963" box="[172,735,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mesenterialis" subSpecies="mahensis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF420FA5FD88F96A" box="[172,528,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Endotricha mesenterialis mahensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099254C5CFDF80FA5FD47F96A" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[534,735,1755,1780]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley, 1963: 423</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5 figs 63, 66, pl. 19 fig. 190, pl. 32 fig. 276
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99254C5CFF790E5BFE8BF852" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF790E5BFE20F8A2" blockId="9.[151,1437,1825,1996]" box="[151,440,1825,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFF790E5BFE20F8A2" box="[151,440,1825,1852]" country="Seychelles" location="Seychelles" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF790E5BFEA1F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,313,1825,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399254C5CFF790E5BFF4AF8A2" box="[151,210,1826,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFEAE0E5BFE20F8A2" box="[320,440,1826,1852]" name="Seychelles" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199254C5CFF290E3CFE8BF852" blockId="9.[151,1437,1825,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF290E3CFE32F8C1" bold="true" box="[199,426,1861,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFE540E3FFB81F8FE" box="[442,1049,1861,1890]" collectingDate="2014-04-25" country="India" location="Mangan" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199254C5CFE540E3FFE6EF8FE" box="[442,502,1862,1888]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFDED0E3CFDC1F8C1" bold="true" box="[515,601,1861,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFDED0E3CFDC1F8C1" box="[515,601,1861,1887]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFD860E3FFD5FF8FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5FFF790C26FBEFFD37:CE5B17EA99254C5CFD860E3FFD5FF8FE" box="[616,711,1862,1888]" country="India" name="Mangan" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Sikkim">Mangan</location>
, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFCE30E3FFC1BF8FF" box="[781,899,1862,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-25">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFCE30E3FFC1BF8FF" box="[781,899,1862,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-25">25.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8772/ H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFBCB0E3FFF4CF81A" collectingDate="2014-04-28" country="India" location="Dzongu" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFBCB0E3FFB18F8FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5FFF790C26FBEFFD37:CE5B17EA99254C5CFBCB0E3FFB18F8FE" box="[1061,1152,1862,1888]" country="India" name="Dzongu" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Sikkim">Dzongu</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFB290E3FFAA5F8FE" box="[1223,1341,1862,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-28">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFB290E3FFAA5F8FE" box="[1223,1341,1862,1888]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2014-04-28">28.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13280/ H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFF0E0E10FD66F81A" box="[224,766,1897,1926]" collectingDate="2013-09-29" country="India" location="Mamit" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mizoram">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFF0E0E10FED6F81D" bold="true" box="[224,334,1897,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFF0E0E10FED6F81D" box="[224,334,1897,1923]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFEB10E13FE35F81A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5FFF790C26FBEFFD37:CE5B17EA99254C5CFEB10E13FE35F81A" box="[351,429,1898,1924]" country="India" name="Mamit" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Mizoram">Mamit</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFE1C0E13FDF2F81A" box="[498,618,1898,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-09-29">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFE1C0E13FDF2F81A" box="[498,618,1898,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-09-29">29.ix.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(8773/ H10)
</materialsCitation>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFCAB0E13FC25F81A" box="[837,957,1898,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2016-09-09">09.ix.2016</date>
(8774/ H10);
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFBB10E13FDC1F836" collectingDate="2013-10-19" country="India" location="Kiriburu" municipality="Saranda forest" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jharkhand">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399254C5CFBB10E13FB7BF81A" bold="true" box="[1119,1251,1898,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399254C5CFBB10E13FB7BF81A" box="[1119,1251,1898,1924]" country="India" name="Jharkhand" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Jharkhand</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="2B5FDB4B99254C5CFB1D0E13FA00F81A" box="[1267,1432,1898,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Saranda forest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFF790EF7FF62F836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5FFF790C26FBEFFD37:CE5B17EA99254C5CFF790EF7FF62F836" box="[151,250,1934,1960]" country="India" municipality="Saranda forest" name="Kiriburu" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Jharkhand">Kiriburu</location>
, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFEA40EF7FE22F836" box="[330,442,1934,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-10-19">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFEA40EF7FE22F836" box="[330,442,1934,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-10-19">19.x.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13281/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99254C5CFD860EF7FB7DF836" box="[616,1253,1934,1962]" collectingDate="2013-10-22" country="India" location="Pindrabera" municipality="Dalma" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jharkhand">
<collectingMunicipality id="2B5FDB4B99254C5CFD860EF7FD2BF836" box="[616,691,1934,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Dalma</collectingMunicipality>
WLS,
<location id="CE5B17EA99254C5CFCE50EF7FC1FF836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799254C5FFF790C26FBEFFD37:CE5B17EA99254C5CFCE50EF7FC1FF836" box="[779,903,1934,1960]" country="India" municipality="Dalma" name="Pindrabera" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Jharkhand">Pindrabera</location>
, 3 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199254C5CFC380EF7FBDEF836" box="[982,1094,1934,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-10-22">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999254C5CFC380EF7FBDEF836" box="[982,1094,1934,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65" value="2013-10-22">22.x.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13282/H10)
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499254C5CFB1A0EF7FA92F836" box="[1268,1290,1934,1960]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799254C5CFAF70EF7FAF0F836" box="[1305,1384,1934,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="65">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF2909EFFF6EFEDF" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF2909EFFF6EFEDF" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF2909EFFEDCFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,324,150,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFEA509EEFE67FF2F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[331,511,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesenterialis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFEA509EEFE67FF2F" box="[331,511,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. mesenterialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFDE109EEFDF9FF2F" box="[527,609,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFCBC09EEFC51FF2F" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" box="[850,969,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFCBC09EEFC51FF2F" box="[850,969,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. valentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFC3609EEFBB3FF2F" box="[984,1067,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
), but is distinct from the latter in its longer process of the 1
<superScript id="3CF1EC7999264C5FFE5909C2FE5AFF57" attach="left" box="[439,450,187,201]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">st</superScript>
antennal segment. In male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFC8A09C2FC2FFF4B" box="[868,951,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1283,383,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[304,1283,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 23, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13270/H10); 24, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/ H10); 25, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 26, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 27, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 28, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203944/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
), by the shorter uncus and socii; valva with ventral edge conspicuously bulged medially, saccular process comparatively shorter and reflexed costal piliform setae present (absent in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFE5F087AFDB3FE83" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" box="[433,555,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFE5F087AFDB3FE83" box="[433,555,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. valentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the phallus bears an apical, spined digitate process, which is absent in
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFA6A087AFF6EFEDF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFA6A087AFF6AFEDF" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">E. valentis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290833FEFBFEFA" bold="true" box="[199,355,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFE820832FE3EFEFB" box="[364,422,331,357]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry>
(Poona, NW Himalayas,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFD200832FCB6FEFB" box="[718,814,331,357]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Bombay</collectingCountry>
, Nilgiris, Indian subcontinent (North) (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFB1E0832FA00FEFB" author="Swinhoe, C." box="[1264,1432,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="287 - 307" refId="ref8285" refString="Swinhoe, C. (1885) On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and Deccan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 124 - 148, 287 - 307 + 447 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1885. tb 07852. x" type="journal article" year="1885">Swinhoe 1885</bibRefCitation>
,
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,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFE890816FD96FE17" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[359,526,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFDC60816FDEDFE17" box="[552,629,367,393]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFD690816FC8CFE17" box="[647,788,367,393]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
, Bhubaneshwar (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFC0F0816FB2DFE17" author="Singh, N. &amp; Ranjan, R. &amp; Talukdar, A. &amp; Joshi, R. &amp; Kirti, J. S. &amp; Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R." box="[993,1205,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref7990" refString="Singh, N., Ranjan, R., Talukdar, A., Joshi, R., Kirti, J. S., Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R. (2022) A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Zootaxa, 5197 (1), 1 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5197.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Singh
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFBDE0816FBF0FE17" box="[1072,1128,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
)
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFB240816FA86FE17" box="[1226,1310,367,393]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFAC10816FA01FE17" box="[1327,1433,367,393]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFF7908EAFE92FE33" box="[151,266,403,429]" country="India" name="Jharkhand" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Jharkhand</collectingRegion>
(present study)),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFE3C08EAFDAFFE33" box="[466,567,403,429]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Formosa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFDAD08EAFD0CFE33" box="[579,660,403,429]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFD4C08EAFC81FE33" box="[674,793,403,429]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
], Thayetmyo,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFC5708EAFB9DFE33" box="[953,1029,403,429]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Burma</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFBFA08EAFB11FE33" box="[1044,1161,403,429]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
], E.
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFB5508EAFB6EFE33" box="[1211,1270,403,429]" country="Myanmar" name="Bago" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Pegu</collectingRegion>
, Borneo, Java,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFF7908CEFF45FE4F" box="[151,221,439,465]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFF0608CEFEC0FE4F" box="[232,344,439,465]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFE8D08CEFE54FE4F" box="[355,460,439,465]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFE3908CEFD85FE4F" box="[471,541,439,465]" name="Tonga" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Tonga</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFDC508CEFD7EFE4F" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[555,742,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refId="ref7251" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1896 a) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. 4. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 595 pp." type="book" year="1896">Hampson 1896a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFD1F08CEFC0DFE4F" author="Swinhoe, C." box="[753,917,438,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="287 - 307" refId="ref8285" refString="Swinhoe, C. (1885) On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and Deccan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 124 - 148, 287 - 307 + 447 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1885. tb 07852. x" type="journal article" year="1885">Swinhoe 1885</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFC7108CEFBD8FE4F" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[927,1088,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFBA408CEFA91FE4F" author="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H." box="[1098,1289,438,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="297 - 305" refId="ref8454" refString="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H. (2005) A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science, 12, 297 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1005 - 295 X. 2005.00036. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wang &amp; Li 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFAFA08CEFF4CFE6B" author="Sutton, S. &amp; Barlow, H. &amp; Whitaker, T." pageId="10" pageNumber="66" refId="ref8177" refString="Sutton, S., Barlow, H. &amp; Whitaker, T. (2015) A preliminary guide to pyralid moths of Borneo. Vol. 1. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, in association with Southdene Sendirian Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, 89 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Sutton
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFA8A08CEFA0DFE4F" box="[1380,1429,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF290887FBEFFD37" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290887FE17FD87" bold="true" box="[199,399,510,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Taxonomic note:</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFE220886FD19FD87" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[460,641,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesenterialis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFE220886FD19FD87" box="[460,641,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. mesenterialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFCE90886FC25FD87" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[775,957,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesenterialis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFCE90886FC25FD87" box="[775,957,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. mesenterialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFB9D0886FB29FD86" box="[1139,1201,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFB570886FAC5FD87" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[1209,1373,511,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
). The group is mainly characterised by the enlarged basal segment of antennae, bearing a small process and in male genitalia, the apex of the uncus is almost flat, laterally folded and the saccular process is short (shortest among all the congeners, except in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFE470B12FC90FD1B" authority="Hampson, 1916" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1916" box="[425,776,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneoensis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFE470B12FDD6FD1B" box="[425,590,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. borneoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFDBB0B12FC90FD1B" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[597,776,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="126 - 160" refId="ref7416" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1916) Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Epipaschiinae, Chrysauginae, Endotrichinae and Pyralinae (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 18 (8), 126 - 160 + 349 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931609486884" type="journal article" year="1916">Hampson, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFC4A0B12FBD0FD1B" box="[932,1096,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">nigromaculata</emphasis>
species-group (
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFB170B12FAAFFD1A" box="[1273,1335,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFAD30B12FF48FD37" author="Whalley, P. E. S." pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
) but having saccular process as small as in species of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFCC00BF6FC5BFD37" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[814,963,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesenterialis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFCC00BF6FC5BFD37" box="[814,963,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">mesenterialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group).
</paragraph>
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597
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF790B83FD34FC8A" bold="true" box="[151,684,762,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF790B83FE1CFC8B" bold="true" box="[151,388,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Endotricha valentis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFE620B83FD34FC8A" author="Kirpichnikova, V. A." box="[396,684,762,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7540" refString="Kirpichnikova, V. A. (2003) Pyralids of the Mesenterialis species group of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae: Pyralinae) from Primorskii Krai. Far Eastern Entomologists, 123, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirpichnikova, 2003: 3</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF790A66FEBFFCA7" box="[151,295,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF790A66FEBFFCA7" blockId="10.[151,684,762,825]" box="[151,295,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFF710A66FF6EFCA7" box="[159,246,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFEEC0A66FE87FCA7" box="[258,287,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1283,383,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[304,1283,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 23, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13270/H10); 24, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/ H10); 25, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 26, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 27, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 28, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203944/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">26</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF790A1EFAF8FC3B" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF790A1EFC66FC1F" blockId="10.[151,1436,870,1329]" box="[151,1022,870,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFF790A1EFC66FC1F" box="[151,1022,870,897]" country="Russia" location="Primorskii" municipality="Gornotayozhnoe" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF790A1EFEA1FC1E" bold="true" box="[151,313,870,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399264C5FFF790A1EFF4AFC1F" box="[151,210,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFEAE0A1EFE2EFC1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFEAE0A1EFE2EFC1F" box="[320,438,871,897]" country="Russia" municipality="Gornotayozhnoe" name="Primorskii" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Primorskii</location>
krai,
<locationDeviation id="DA89581399264C5FFE190A1EFD47FC1F" box="[503,735,871,897]" location="Ussuriysk" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<quantity id="0C7CECD499264C5FFE190A1EFDA6FC1F" box="[503,574,871,897]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
SE Ussuriysk
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="2B5FDB4B99264C5FFD040A1EFC30FC1F" box="[746,936,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Gornotayozhnoe</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFC5D0A1EFC66FC1F" box="[947,1022,871,897]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Russia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF290AF3FAF8FC3B" blockId="10.[151,1436,870,1329]" box="[199,1376,906,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290AF3FE31FC3A" bold="true" box="[199,425,906,932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFE560AF2FAC4FC3B" box="[440,1372,906,935]" collectingDate="2013-10-01" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Hmuifang" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mizoram">
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFE560AF2FE6CFC3B" box="[440,500,907,933]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFDEE0AF3FDF6FC3A" bold="true" box="[512,622,906,932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFDEE0AF3FDF6FC3A" box="[512,622,906,932]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFD930AF2FD69FC3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFD930AF2FD69FC3B" box="[637,753,907,933]" country="India" name="Hmuifang" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mizoram">Hmuifang</location>
, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFCDA0AF2FC3DFC3B" box="[820,933,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-10-01">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFCDA0AF2FC3DFC3B" box="[820,933,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-10-01">01.x.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(8775/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499264C5FFBD20AF2FBCAFC3B" box="[1084,1106,907,933]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799264C5FFBB30AF2FB34FC3B" box="[1117,1196,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF290AD7FDCCFC57" box="[199,596,942,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF290AD7FDCCFC57" blockId="10.[151,1436,870,1329]" box="[199,596,942,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290AD7FEDCFC56" bold="true" box="[199,324,942,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Under
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFE760AD6FDCCFC57" box="[408,596,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFE760AD6FDC8FC57" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[408,592,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesenterialis">E. mesenterialis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF290AABFCD5FA93" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF290AABFBB4FC73" blockId="10.[151,1436,870,1329]" box="[199,1068,978,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290AABFEFBFC72" bold="true" box="[199,355,978,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFE840AAAFE3CFC73" box="[362,420,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFE5C0AAAFD84FC73" box="[434,540,979,1005]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
) (present study),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFD0E0AAAFCB3FC73" box="[736,811,979,1005]" name="Russia" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFCD70AAAFBB9FC73" author="Kirpichnikova, V. A." box="[825,1057,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7540" refString="Kirpichnikova, V. A. (2003) Pyralids of the Mesenterialis species group of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae: Pyralinae) from Primorskii Krai. Far Eastern Entomologists, 123, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirpichnikova 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF290A8FFCD5FA93" blockId="10.[151,1436,870,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290A8FFE0AFB8F" bold="true" box="[199,402,1014,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Taxonomic note:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFE770A8EFDE1FB8F" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" box="[409,633,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFE770A8EFDE1FB8F" box="[409,633,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Endotricha valentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as a closely similar species of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFB7C0A8EFF44FBAB" authority="(Bremer, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Bremer" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacealis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFB7C0A8EFAB6FB8F" box="[1170,1326,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. olivacealis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFAAF0A8EFF4BFBAB" author="Bremer, O." pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref6741" refString="Bremer, O. (1864) Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere des Amur-Landes, gesammelt von den Herren G. Radde, R. Maack und P. Wulffius. Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, Series 7, 8 (1), 1 - 104, pls. 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62141" type="journal article" year="1864">Bremer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. But in the original publication,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFDB90D62FCD5FBAB" author="Kirpichnikova, V. A." box="[599,845,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7540" refString="Kirpichnikova, V. A. (2003) Pyralids of the Mesenterialis species group of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae: Pyralinae) from Primorskii Krai. Far Eastern Entomologists, 123, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirpichnikova (2003)</bibRefCitation>
did not provide the images of adults of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFACD0D62FA04FBAB" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" box="[1315,1436,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFACD0D62FA04FBAB" box="[1315,1436,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. valentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFF240D46FEFDFBC7" baseAuthorityName="Bremer" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[202,357,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacealis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF240D46FEFDFBC7" box="[202,357,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. olivacealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFDB10D46FD63FBC7" baseAuthorityName="Bremer" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[607,763,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacealis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFDB10D46FD63FBC7" box="[607,763,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. olivacealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFC4C0D46FB2AFBC7" author="Kirpichnikova, V. A." box="[930,1202,1087,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7540" refString="Kirpichnikova, V. A. (2003) Pyralids of the Mesenterialis species group of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae: Pyralinae) from Primorskii Krai. Far Eastern Entomologists, 123, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirpichnikova (2003: 4</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFAED0D46FA89FBC6" box="[1283,1297,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">–</emphasis>
2) is clearly distinct from the genitalia published by
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFDBA0D1AFC9CFBE3" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[596,772,1123,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley (1963)</bibRefCitation>
(pl. 19: fig. 191). Furthermore, the original description and illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFED20DFEFE4AFB3F" baseAuthorityName="Bremer" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[316,466,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacealis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFED20DFEFE4AFB3F" box="[316,466,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. olivacealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFE310DFEFD04FB3F" author="Bremer, O." box="[479,668,1159,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref6741" refString="Bremer, O. (1864) Lepidopteren Ost-Sibiriens, insbesondere des Amur-Landes, gesammelt von den Herren G. Radde, R. Maack und P. Wulffius. Memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, Series 7, 8 (1), 1 - 104, pls. 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62141" type="journal article" year="1864">Bremer 1864: 66</bibRefCitation>
, plate 6, fig. 2) also seems to be distinct from that of
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFB3A0DFEFA01FB3F" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[1236,1433,1159,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley’s (1963)</bibRefCitation>
. Herein, we investigate that the genital illustration of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFD0D0DD2FCC1FB5B" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" box="[739,857,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFD0D0DD2FCC1FB5B" box="[739,857,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. valentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFC860DD2FBF1FB5B" author="Kirpichnikova, V. A." box="[872,1129,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7540" refString="Kirpichnikova, V. A. (2003) Pyralids of the Mesenterialis species group of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae: Pyralinae) from Primorskii Krai. Far Eastern Entomologists, 123, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirpichnikova 2003: 4</bibRefCitation>
, figs 4
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFB5D0DD2FB59FB5A" box="[1203,1217,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">–</emphasis>
5) is closely similar to the genital illustration of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFE240DB6FDF9FB77" baseAuthorityName="Bremer" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[458,609,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacealis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFE240DB6FDF9FB77" box="[458,609,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. olivacealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFD1D0DB6FC03FB77" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[755,923,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley (1963</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 19, fig. 191) and thus,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFB2E0DB6FED0FA93" authority="sensu Whalley (1963)" authorityName="Whalley" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacealis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFB2E0DB6FA04FB76" box="[1216,1436,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. olivacealis sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFF790D8AFED0FA93" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[151,328,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley (1963)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is most likely to be conspecific of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFD3E0D8AFCDEFA93" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" box="[720,838,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFD3E0D8AFCDEFA93" box="[720,838,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">E. valentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF290C6EFC79FAAE" box="[199,993,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF290C6EFC79FAAE" blockId="10.[151,1436,870,1329]" box="[199,993,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290C6EFEA5FAAF" bold="true" box="[199,317,1303,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFEAA0C6EFDB8FAAF" authorityName="Kirpichnikova" authorityYear="2003" box="[324,544,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFEAA0C6EFDB8FAAF" box="[324,544,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Endotricha valentis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported for the first time from
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFC4F0C6EFC42FAAF" box="[929,986,1303,1329]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF710CFBFEE3FA5F" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF710CFBFD0FFA02" blockId="10.[151,663,1410,1473]" box="[159,663,1410,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94661F99264C5FFF710CFBFD0FFA02" box="[159,663,1410,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099264C5FFF710CFBFD0FFA02" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[159,663,1410,1437]" page="130" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299264C5FFF710CFBFD0FFA02" ID-CoL="39SK2" authority="Hampson, 1891: 130" authorityName="Hampson" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="1891" box="[159,663,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicilia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF710CFBFD0FFA02" bold="true" box="[159,663,1410,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF710CFBFE09FA03" bold="true" box="[159,401,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Endotricha albicilia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099264C5FFE760CFAFD0FFA02" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[408,663,1410,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" pagination="139 - 156" refId="ref7192" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1891) Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum. Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, iv + 144 pp., pls 139 - 156." type="book chapter" year="1891">Hampson, 1891: 130</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF790CDEFEE3FA5F" blockId="10.[151,663,1410,1473]" box="[151,379,1446,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFF710CDEFEB8FA5F" box="[159,288,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFEC20CDEFED2FA5F" box="[300,330,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1283,383,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[304,1283,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 23, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13270/H10); 24, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/ H10); 25, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 26, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 27, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 28, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203944/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499264C5FFEB80CDEFEEBFA5F" box="[342,371,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,528,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,525,1472]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Endotricha spp. 29, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 30, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/ H10); 31, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10); 32, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">32</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99264C5FFF790C96FC2FF8EF" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF790C96FCDBF997" blockId="10.[151,1436,1518,1907]" box="[151,835,1518,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFF790C96FCDBF997" box="[151,835,1518,1545]" collectorName="Nilgiri, W." country="India" elevation="914" location="Tamil Nadu" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF790C96FEA1F996" bold="true" box="[151,313,1518,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399264C5FFF790C96FF4AF997" box="[151,210,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFEAE0C96FEE4F997" box="[320,380,1519,1545]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFE690C96FD96F997" box="[391,526,1519,1545]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="667124E799264C5FFDF40C96FD0AF997" box="[538,658,1519,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Nilgiri, W.</collectorName>
slopes,
<quantity id="0C7CECD499264C5FFD020C96FCDBF997" box="[748,835,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
<elevation id="40A9A60299264C5FFD020C96FCDBF997" box="[748,835,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199264C5FFF290F6BFC2FF8EF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1518,1907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFF290F6BFE32F9B2" bold="true" box="[199,426,1554,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFE540F6AFBCBF9B3" box="[442,1107,1554,1583]" collectingDate="2013-09-26" country="India" location="Mamit" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mizoram">
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199264C5FFE540F6AFE6EF9B3" box="[442,502,1555,1581]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFDEC0F6BFDE8F9B2" bold="true" box="[514,624,1554,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFDEC0F6BFDE8F9B2" box="[514,624,1554,1580]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFD6F0F6AFD57F9B3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFD6F0F6AFD57F9B3" box="[641,719,1555,1581]" country="India" name="Mamit" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mizoram">Mamit</location>
, 1 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFCFA0F6AFCA7F9B3" box="[788,831,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFCA00F6AFC5DF9B3" box="[846,965,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-09-26">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFCA00F6AFC5DF9B3" box="[846,965,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-09-26">26.ix.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(8831/H10)
</materialsCitation>
; 1 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFB740F6AFB5CF9B3" box="[1178,1220,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFB3D0F6AFAD3F9B3" box="[1235,1355,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-09-27">27.ix.2013</date>
(8832/ H10); 8 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFEF70F4EFEDCF9CF" box="[281,324,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFEBD0F4EFE53F9CF" box="[339,459,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2016-09-07">07.ix.2016</date>
(8833/H10); 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFD700F4EFC8DF9CF" box="[670,789,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2016-09-08">08.ix.2016</date>
(8834/H10);
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFC410F4EFC42F9CF" box="[943,986,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFC060F4EFBF8F9CF" box="[1000,1120,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2016-09-09">09.ix.2016</date>
(8835/H10);
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFB140F4EFE32F9EB" collectingDate="2014-09-10" country="India" location="Pynursla" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mizoram">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFB140F4EFAC7F9CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFB140F4EFAC7F9CF" box="[1274,1375,1591,1617]" country="India" name="Pynursla" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mizoram">Pynursla</location>
,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFA840F4EFA0DF9CF" box="[1386,1429,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFF790F22FE97F9EB" box="[151,271,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-10">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFF790F22FE97F9EB" box="[151,271,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-10">10.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13285/H10)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFE580F22FC99F9EB" box="[438,769,1627,1653]" collectingDate="2014-09-11" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Pynursla" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mizoram">
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFE580F22FE78F9EB" box="[438,480,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFE010F22FDFEF9EB" box="[495,614,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-11">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFE010F22FDFEF9EB" box="[495,614,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-11">11.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13286/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFCE30F22FB5CF9EB" box="[781,1220,1627,1653]" collectingDate="2016-09-14" country="India" location="Zamuang" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mizoram">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFCE30F22FCE2F9EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFCE30F22FCE2F9EB" box="[781,890,1627,1653]" country="India" name="Zamuang" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mizoram">Zamuang</location>
,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFC6B0F22FC28F9EB" box="[901,944,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFC510F22FBAFF9EB" box="[959,1079,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2016-09-14">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFC510F22FBAFF9EB" box="[959,1079,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2016-09-14">14.ix.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
(8836/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFB3E0F23FD9EF907" collectingDate="2013-05-28" country="India" location="Gangtok" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFB3E0F23FABEF9EA" bold="true" box="[1232,1318,1626,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFB3E0F23FABEF9EA" box="[1232,1318,1626,1652]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFADB0F22FA00F9EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFADB0F22FA00F9EB" box="[1333,1432,1627,1653]" country="India" name="Gangtok" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sikkim">Gangtok</location>
, 1 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFF3F0F06FF63F907" box="[209,251,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFEE40F06FEE0F907" box="[266,376,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-05-28">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFEE40F06FEE0F907" box="[266,376,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-05-28">28.v.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(8837/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFDFC0F06FCDFF907" box="[530,839,1663,1689]" collectingDate="2013-05-29" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Gangtok" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFDFC0F06FDA5F907" box="[530,573,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFDA50F06FD22F907" box="[587,698,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-05-29">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFDA50F06FD22F907" box="[587,698,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-05-29">29.v.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(8838/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFCBD0F06FABDF907" box="[851,1317,1663,1691]" collectingDate="2014-09-24" country="India" location="Dodak" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="8" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFCBD0F06FC39F907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFCBD0F06FC39F907" box="[851,929,1663,1689]" country="India" name="Dodak" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sikkim">Dodak</location>
, 9 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFC080F06FB89F907" box="[998,1041,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFBCE0F06FB00F907" box="[1056,1176,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-24">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFBCE0F06FB00F907" box="[1056,1176,1663,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-24">24.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8839/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFADF0F06FE5BF923" collectingDate="2013-09-07" country="India" location="Golitar" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFADF0F06FA1AF907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFADF0F06FA1AF907" box="[1329,1410,1663,1689]" country="India" name="Golitar" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sikkim">Golitar</location>
, 3 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFF520FDAFEACF923" box="[188,308,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-09-07">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFF520FDAFEACF923" box="[188,308,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-09-07">07.ix.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(8840/H10)
</materialsCitation>
; 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFDE20FDAFD1CF923" box="[524,644,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-09-09">09.ix.2013</date>
(8841/H10),
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFCF10FDAFE8CF97F" collectingDate="2014-09-15" country="India" location="Umtasor" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Meghalaya">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFCF10FDAFC3BF923" bold="true" box="[799,931,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFCF10FDAFC3BF923" box="[799,931,1699,1725]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFC5A0FDAFB8EF923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFC5A0FDAFB8EF923" box="[948,1046,1699,1725]" country="India" name="Umtasor" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Umtasor</location>
, 3 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFBB10FDBFB13F923" box="[1119,1163,1698,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFB750FDBFA8BF923" box="[1179,1299,1698,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-15">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFB750FDBFA8BF923" box="[1179,1299,1698,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-15">15.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8842/H10, 8843/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFECF0FBEFCACF97F" box="[289,820,1735,1763]" collectingDate="2014-09-04" country="India" location="Cherrapunji" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Meghalaya">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFECF0FBEFE32F97F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFECF0FBEFE32F97F" box="[289,426,1735,1761]" country="India" name="Cherrapunji" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Cherrapunji</location>
, 2 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFE1C0FBEFD86F97F" box="[498,542,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFDC00FBEFD3DF97F" box="[558,677,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-04">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFDC00FBEFD3DF97F" box="[558,677,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-04">04.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8844/H10)
</materialsCitation>
; 1 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFC930FBEFC31F97F" box="[893,937,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFC560FBFFBA8F97F" box="[952,1072,1734,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-05">05.ix.2014</date>
(8845/H10);
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFB200FBEFE33F89B" collectingDate="2014-08-27" country="India" location="Mawsynram" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Meghalaya">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFB200FBEFAC5F97F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFB200FBEFAC5F97F" box="[1230,1373,1735,1761]" country="India" name="Mawsynram" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Mawsynram</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFF790F92FE86F89B" box="[151,286,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-08-27">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFF790F92FE86F89B" box="[151,286,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-08-27">27.viii.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8846/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFE500F92FC05F89B" box="[446,925,1771,1797]" collectingDate="2014-09-03" country="India" location="Riat Khwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Meghalaya">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFE500F92FDD2F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFE500F92FDD2F89B" box="[446,586,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Riat Khwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Riat Khwan</location>
,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFDB60F92FD1DF89B" box="[600,645,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFD7B0F92FC95F89B" box="[661,781,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-03">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFD7B0F92FC95F89B" box="[661,781,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-09-03">03.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8847/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFC450F92FF4CF8B7" collectingDate="2013-07-27" country="India" location="Mukkali" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFC450F92FC65F89B" bold="true" box="[939,1021,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFC450F92FC65F89B" box="[939,1021,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Kerala</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFBE10F92FBE9F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFBE10F92FBE9F89B" box="[1039,1137,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Mukkali" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Kerala">Mukkali</location>
,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFB900F92FB33F89B" box="[1150,1195,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFB520F92FAA3F89B" box="[1212,1339,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-07-27">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFB520F92FAA3F89B" box="[1212,1339,1771,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-07-27">27.vii.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13287/ H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFF0E0E76FDAAF8B7" box="[224,562,1807,1833]" collectingDate="2013-07-31" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Mukkali" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFF0E0E76FE92F8B7" box="[224,266,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFEF60E76FE0FF8B7" box="[280,407,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-07-31">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFEF60E76FE0FF8B7" box="[280,407,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-07-31">31.vii.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13288/H10)
</materialsCitation>
; 1 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFD980E76FD38F8B7" box="[630,672,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFD400E76FCADF8B7" box="[686,821,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-08-01">01.viii.2013</date>
(13289/H10, 13290/H10);
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFB890E76FE54F8D3" collectingDate="2013-11-21" country="India" location="Megaravalli" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399264C5FFB890E76FB72F8B7" bold="true" box="[1127,1258,1807,1833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399264C5FFB890E76FB72F8B7" box="[1127,1258,1807,1833]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFB170E76FA1BF8B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFB170E76FA1BF8B7" box="[1273,1411,1807,1833]" country="India" name="Megaravalli" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Karnataka">Megaravalli</location>
,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFA600E76FF34F8D3" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFF540E4AFEA9F8D3" box="[186,305,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-11-21">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFF540E4AFEA9F8D3" box="[186,305,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-11-21">21.xi.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13291/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFE390E4AFCB9F8D3" box="[471,801,1843,1869]" collectingDate="2014-11-18" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Megaravalli" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFE390E4AFD99F8D3" box="[471,513,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFDE10E4AFD1EF8D3" box="[527,646,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-11-18">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFDE10E4AFD1EF8D3" box="[527,646,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2014-11-18">18.xi.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13292/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFCC20E4AFB7AF8D3" box="[812,1250,1842,1869]" collectingDate="2013-11-25" country="India" location="Jog falls" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<location id="CE5B17EA99264C5FFCC20E4AFC15F8D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799264C5EFF790B83FE9CFE6B:CE5B17EA99264C5FFCC20E4AFC15F8D3" box="[812,909,1843,1869]" country="India" name="Jog falls" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Karnataka">Jog falls</location>
,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFC760E4AFC5AF8D3" box="[920,962,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFC210E4BFBDFF8D3" box="[975,1095,1842,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-11-25">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFC210E4BFBDFF8D3" box="[975,1095,1842,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-11-25">25.xi.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13293/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99264C5FFB030E4AFEB3F8EF" collectingDate="2013-11-26" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Jog falls" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899264C5FFB030E4AFA8FF8D3" box="[1261,1303,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFACA0E4AFA04F8D3" box="[1316,1436,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-11-26">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999264C5FFACA0E4AFA04F8D3" box="[1316,1436,1843,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-11-26">26.xi.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13294/H10)
</materialsCitation>
; 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199264C5FFE810E2EFE76F8EF" box="[367,494,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66" value="2013-12-01">01.xii.2013</date>
(13295/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499264C5FFD7A0E2EFD32F8EF" box="[660,682,1879,1905]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799264C5FFD5B0E2EFC9CF8EF" box="[693,772,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="66">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99274C5EFF2909EFFEA2FEFB" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF2909EFFEA2FEFB" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF2909EFFEDCFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,324,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFEA209EEFDA8FF2F" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1891" box="[332,560,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicilia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFEA209EEFDA8FF2F" box="[332,560,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Endotricha albicilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFD0C09EEFCE8FF2F" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1906" box="[738,880,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticostalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFD0C09EEFCE8FF2F" box="[738,880,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">denticostalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group (
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFBC809EEFBFCFF2E" box="[1062,1124,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFB8209EEFA94FF2F" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[1132,1292,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
) and, due to conspicuously rectangular valva, is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFD1C09C2FBC0FF4B" authority="Hampson, 1906" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1906" box="[754,1112,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticostalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFD1C09C2FC07FF4B" box="[754,927,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. denticostalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFC4809C2FBC0FF4B" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[934,1112,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="112 - 147" refId="ref7350" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1906) On new Thyrididae and Pyralidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 7, 17, 98, 99 &amp; 100, 112 - 147 + 189 - 222 + 253 - 269 + 344 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930608562536" type="journal article" year="1906">Hampson, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFB8809C2FADAFF4B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[1126,1346,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963: 436</bibRefCitation>
; imago: Pl. 8, figs 112, 115; male genitalia: Pl. 23, fig. 216, female genitalia: Pl. 35, fig. 300), but is distinct by the male genitalia with valva bearing reflexed costal piliform setae, costal apex less produced and smaller saccular process. In female genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFE92085EFE61FEDF" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1891" box="[380,505,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicilia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFE92085EFE61FEDF" box="[380,505,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. albicilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499274C5EFDE5085EFDC6FEDF" box="[523,606,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,528,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,525,1472]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Endotricha spp. 29, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 30, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/ H10); 31, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10); 32, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203946/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
) is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFCCA085EFC4BFEDF" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1906" box="[804,979,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticostalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFCCA085EFC4BFEDF" box="[804,979,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. denticostalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the longer ductus bursae and shorter corpus bursae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99274C5EFF290817FE9CFE6B" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF290817FE9CFE6B" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF290817FEFBFE16" bold="true" box="[199,355,366,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199274C5EFE840816FE3CFE17" box="[362,420,367,393]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFE5C0816FD9FFE17" box="[434,519,367,393]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, Andaman,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFD620816FD41FE17" box="[652,729,367,393]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFD0A0816FCEAFE17" box="[740,882,367,393]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
(Darjiling dist.),
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFBDB0816FB22FE17" box="[1077,1210,367,393]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
(Nilgiris), Darjiling (Kurseong) (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFEC508EAFE77FE33" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[299,495,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="451 - 550" refId="ref7287" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1896 b) On the classification of three subfamilies of moths of the family Pyralidae, the Epipaschiinae, Endotrichinae and Pyralinae. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1896, 451 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1896. tb 00967. x" type="journal article" year="1896">Hampson 1896b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFE1108EAFD3EFE33" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[511,678,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFD5908EAFC0BFE33" author="Bhattacharya, D. P." box="[695,915,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="319 - 408" refId="ref6690" refString="Bhattacharya, D. P. (1997) Insecta, Pyralidae. In: Director ZSI, Kolkata (Ed.), State Fauna Series, 3, Fauna of West Bengal. Part 7. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 319 - 408." type="book chapter" year="1997">Bhattacharya 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFC4A08EAFB1DFE33" author="Sanyal, A. K. &amp; Alfred, J. R. B. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Tiwari, S. K. &amp; Mitra, S." box="[932,1157,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" refId="ref7932" refString="Sanyal, A. K., Alfred, J. R. B., Venkataraman, K., Tiwari, S. K. &amp; Mitra, S. (2012) Status of Biodiversity of West Bengal. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 969 pp., 35 pls." type="book" year="2012">
Sanyal
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFC1308EAFBADFE33" box="[1021,1077,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFB7008EAFA90FE33" box="[1182,1288,403,429]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFAF708EAFA00FE33" box="[1305,1432,403,429]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFF7908CEFE92FE4F" box="[151,266,439,465]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
(present study)),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199274C5EFE3C08CEFDBBFE4F" box="[466,547,439,465]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199274C5EFDDF08CEFD30FE4F" box="[561,680,439,465]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
],
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199274C5EFD5408CEFCB2FE4F" box="[698,810,439,465]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFCD808CEFCF0FE4F" box="[822,872,439,465]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Java</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFC9908CEFBABFE4F" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[887,1075,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" refId="ref7251" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1896 a) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. 4. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 595 pp." type="book" year="1896">Hampson 1896a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFBD108CEFA8EFE4F" author="Bhattacharya, D. P." box="[1087,1302,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="319 - 408" refId="ref6690" refString="Bhattacharya, D. P. (1997) Insecta, Pyralidae. In: Director ZSI, Kolkata (Ed.), State Fauna Series, 3, Fauna of West Bengal. Part 7. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 319 - 408." type="book chapter" year="1997">Bhattacharya 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFACF08CEFF60FE6B" author="Chandra, K. &amp; Kumar, V. &amp; Singh, N. &amp; Raha, A. &amp; Sanyal, A. K." pageId="11" pageNumber="67" refId="ref6882" refString="Chandra, K., Kumar, V., Singh, N., Raha, A. &amp; Sanyal, A. K. (2019) Assemblages of Lepidoptera in Indian Himalaya through long term Monitoring plots. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 457 pp." type="book" year="2019">
Chandra
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFA6608CEFF35FE6B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

259
data/43/2D/F0/432DF02799274C59FF790F1FFDCBFC3B.xml Normal file
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<document id="041F3C94C6F497C0AC3CE8D21CD1D7F5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203934" ID-ZooBank="83D190E2-A18A-4ABC-88DC-487C04C9EDBB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1690885918768" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ranjan, Rahul, Singh, Navneet &amp; Kirti, Jagbir Singh" docDate="2023" docId="432DF02799274C59FF790F1FFDCBFC3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5323.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5323 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Endotricha lii Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="BF14885F992C4C55FFEE0979FF98FF9E" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomy of genus Endotricha Zeller (Pyralinae, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera) with description of three new species from India" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="56" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1690886979811" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D7CF9DF7C77CFD50960A05C3DF6B88C3">On the taxonomy of genus Endotricha Zeller (Pyralinae, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera) with description of three new species from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87C409A97D985534CD7F49E349F640D7">Ranjan, Rahul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6F26FDF9B46AD6CD4A6D47EE530EB819">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block New, Alipore, Kolkata 700 053, West Bengal, India. &amp; Department of Zoology &amp; Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India. rranjan 720 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4983 - 0403</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6C1B7EF7825A26EA8B9B49B853735491">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB267312464F9A96F5A3086B475A6BB6">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block New, Alipore, Kolkata 700 053, West Bengal, India. &amp; nsgill 007 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6657 - 7983</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4D9D9281B8B02B8A5258BE5766F84687" type="email">nsgill007@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="741D872B169F6AFE38C2C7D7F08FE0E0">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF973C206EEFC5D9B7A112F155F332B3">Department of Zoology &amp; Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India. rranjan 720 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4983 - 0403 &amp; prjagbir 2005 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9670 - 5931</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA99274C5EFF790F1FFD68F91E" box="[151,752,1638,1665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF790F1FFD68F91E" blockId="11.[151,752,1638,1700]" box="[151,752,1638,1665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="9073F65D99274C5EFF790F1FFD68F91E" bold="true" box="[151,752,1638,1665]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF790F1FFD68F91E" bold="true" box="[151,752,1638,1665]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFF790F1FFD1DF91E" authority="Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityName="Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,645,1638,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF790F1FFEA7F91F" bold="true" box="[151,319,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Endotricha lii</emphasis>
Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899274C5EFD7C0F1FFD68F91E" box="[658,752,1638,1664]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA99274C5EFF790FF3FEBFF93A" box="[151,295,1674,1700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF790FF3FEBFF93A" blockId="11.[151,752,1638,1700]" box="[151,295,1674,1700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499274C5EFF710FF3FF6EF93A" box="[159,246,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Figs 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499274C5EFEEC0FF3FE87F93A" box="[258,287,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1283,383,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[304,1283,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 23, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13270/H10); 24, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/ H10); 25, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 26, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 27, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 28, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203944/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99274C5EFF790FABFB54F8C6" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF790FABFDD3F972" blockId="11.[151,1437,1746,2025]" box="[151,587,1746,1773]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF790FABFEA1F972" bold="true" box="[151,313,1746,1772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Type locality:</emphasis>
Dzongu (
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFE460FABFE65F972" box="[424,509,1746,1772]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199274C5EFDE60FABFDDBF972" box="[520,579,1746,1772]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF290F8FFE29F88F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1746,2025]" box="[199,433,1782,1809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF290F8FFE31F88E" bold="true" box="[199,425,1782,1808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Material examined</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF290E63FB5AF8AA" blockId="11.[151,1437,1746,2025]" box="[199,1218,1818,1847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99274C5EFF290E63FB5AF8AA" box="[199,1218,1818,1847]" collectingDate="2014-04-29" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Dzongu" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF290E63FEACF8AA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1818,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399274C5EFF290E63FEACF8AA" box="[199,308,1818,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(♁).
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199274C5EFE9F0E63FE35F8AA" box="[369,429,1818,1844]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFE560E63FD96F8AA" bold="true" box="[440,526,1818,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFE560E63FD96F8AA" box="[440,526,1818,1844]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99274C5EFDF30E62FDE0F8AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799274C59FF790F1FFDCBFC3B:CE5B17EA99274C5EFDF30E62FDE0F8AB" box="[541,632,1819,1845]" country="India" name="Dzongu" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Sikkim">Dzongu</location>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199274C5EFD6D0E63FD61F8AA" box="[643,761,1818,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" value="2014-04-29">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999274C5EFD6D0E63FD61F8AA" box="[643,761,1818,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" value="2014-04-29">29.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13283/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499274C5EFC710E62FC2DF8AB" box="[927,949,1819,1845]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799274C5EFC2E0E63FB97F8AA" box="[960,1039,1818,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C5EFF290E47FB54F8C6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1746,2025]" box="[199,1228,1854,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99274C5EFF290E47FB50F8C6" box="[199,1224,1854,1883]" collectingDate="2014-04-28" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Dzongu" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF290E47FEA3F8C6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1854,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399274C5EFF290E47FEAEF8C6" box="[199,310,1854,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199274C5EFEAC0E47FEE6F8C6" box="[322,382,1854,1880]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFE640E47FE78F8C6" bold="true" box="[394,480,1854,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399274C5EFE640E47FE78F8C6" box="[394,480,1854,1880]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99274C5EFE000E46FDD1F8C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799274C59FF790F1FFDCBFC3B:CE5B17EA99274C5EFE000E46FDD1F8C7" box="[494,585,1855,1881]" country="India" name="Dzongu" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" stateProvince="Sikkim">Dzongu</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199274C5EFD630E47FC9AF8C6" box="[653,770,1854,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" value="2014-04-28">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999274C5EFD630E47FC9AF8C6" box="[653,770,1854,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" value="2014-04-28">28.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13284/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499274C5EFC460E46FC26F8C7" box="[936,958,1855,1881]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799274C5EFC270E47FB80F8C6" box="[969,1048,1854,1880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99274C59FF290E1BFA9DFEDF" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199274C59FF290E1BFA9DFEDF" blockId="11.[151,1437,1746,2025]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFF290E1BFEDCF8E2" bold="true" box="[199,324,1890,1916]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFDFF0E1BFD35F8E2" authority="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti, 2023" authorityName="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[529,685,1890,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFDFF0E1BFD35F8E2" box="[529,685,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Endotricha lii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFD5D0E1BFC94F8E2" bold="true" box="[691,780,1890,1916]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899274C5EFD5D0E1BFC94F8E2" box="[691,780,1890,1916]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is most closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFBC30E1AFB5EF8E2" authority="Li" authorityName="Li" box="[1069,1222,1890,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFBC30E1AFB30F8E2" box="[1069,1192,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. convexa</emphasis>
Li
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFB070E1BFF2BF83F" author="Sun, Y. &amp; Li, H." pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="29 - 42" refId="ref8230" refString="Sun, Y. &amp; Li, H. (2012) Five new species and three new females of the genus Endotricha Zeller from China (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae). ZooKeys (214), 29 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 214.3307" type="journal article" year="2012">Sun &amp; Li, 2012: 35</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499274C5EFF2F0EFFFE90F83E" box="[193,264,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499274C5EFEFC0EFFFEA8F83E" box="[274,304,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499274C5EFED50EFFFEC0F83E" box="[315,344,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">17</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFE7A0EFEFD7AF83E" authority="Hampson, 1906" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1906" box="[404,738,1926,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobibasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFE7A0EFEFDB4F83E" box="[404,556,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. lobibasalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFDDC0EFEFD7AF83E" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[562,738,1926,1953]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="112 - 147" refId="ref7350" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1906) On new Thyrididae and Pyralidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 7, 17, 98, 99 &amp; 100, 112 - 147 + 189 - 222 + 253 - 269 + 344 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930608562536" type="journal article" year="1906">Hampson, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099274C5EFD010EFFFC5FF83E" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[751,967,1926,1952]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963: 442</bibRefCitation>
; imago: Pl. 10, fig. 141; male genitalia: Pl. 25, fig. 229).The three species are distinct from all the other congeners by the convex forewing costa. Among these three species,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFEDC0EB6FE52F876" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1906" box="[306,458,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobibasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFEDC0EB6FE52F876" box="[306,458,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. lobibasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFD920EB6FD6DF876" box="[636,757,1999,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFD920EB6FD6DF876" box="[636,757,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. convexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299274C5EFCC60EB6FCC5F876" authority="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti, 2023" authorityName="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[808,861,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFCC60EB6FCC5F876" box="[808,861,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">E. lii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399274C5EFC8C0EB7FC22F876" bold="true" box="[866,954,1998,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899274C5EFC8C0EB7FC22F876" box="[866,954,1998,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by its forewing costa conspicuously curved upwardly towards apex. Further,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299204C59FDE909EEFDA4FF2F" authority="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti, 2023" authorityName="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[519,572,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FDE909EEFDA4FF2F" box="[519,572,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">E. lii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FDAD09EEFD04FF2F" bold="true" box="[579,668,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899204C59FDAD09EEFD04FF2F" box="[579,668,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299204C59FCBF09EEFC53FF2E" box="[849,971,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FCBF09EEFC53FF2E" box="[849,971,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">E. convexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of conspicuous black oval patch at the base of the forewing, the subcostal yellowish olive patch is broader at apex and the submarginal line is comparatively duller. In male genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299204C59FDBB09A6FD12FF67" authority="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti, 2023" authorityName="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[597,650,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FDBB09A6FD12FF67" box="[597,650,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">E. lii</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FD7F09A6FD72FF67" bold="true" box="[657,746,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C3205899204C59FD7F09A6FD72FF67" box="[657,746,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299204C59FC4F09A6FB83FF66" box="[929,1051,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FC4F09A6FB83FF66" box="[929,1051,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">E. convexa</emphasis>
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by the uncus smoothly tapering to subapical region, socii are directed upward and the gnathos is rectangular (whereas in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299204C59FBB6087AFB4BFE82" box="[1112,1235,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FBB6087AFB4BFE82" box="[1112,1235,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">E. convexa</emphasis>
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uncus is medially convex with the apical lateral folds narrower, socii not upward directed and the gnathos almost oval).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA99204C59FF290833FB57FCA7" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199204C59FF290833FB58FDFF" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FF290833FEC3FEFA" bold="true" box="[199,347,330,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">Description:</emphasis>
Male. Forewing length
<quantity id="0C7CECD499204C59FD830832FD58FEFB" box="[621,704,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
. Head with frons blackish. Labial palpi upturned, broadly scaled with fuscous, 1
<superScript id="3CF1EC7999204C59FEA60816FECBFEE3" attach="left" box="[328,339,367,381]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">st</superScript>
segment with few pinkish scales, 2
<superScript id="3CF1EC7999204C59FD180817FC9EFEE2" attach="left" box="[758,774,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">nd</superScript>
segment ochreous apically, 3
<superScript id="3CF1EC7999204C59FBB00817FBF4FEE2" attach="left" box="[1118,1132,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">rd</superScript>
segment minute with few ochreous scales at apex. Antennae with 1
<superScript id="3CF1EC7999204C59FDB508EAFDFEFE3F" attach="left" box="[603,614,403,417]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">st</superScript>
segment swollen. Thorax with collar and patagia olive. Forewing purplish pink, basal area olive; costa black, spotted with white; an antemedial subcostal androconial lobe present, subcostal area beyond it olive, broadening up to submarginal indistinct line; a dark discocellular present; an antemedial pale curved line with fuscous scales bordering anteriorly; inner area slightly paler, marginal area darker, giving an appearance of marginal band; a terminal black line; cilia purplish pink with tips black. Hindwing purplish pink with a yellowish olive medial band, outlined with black scales. Legs covered with some dark scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199204C59FF290B12FB57FCA7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">Male genitalia with uncus broad at base and tapering up to subapical region, almost flat apically with lateral edges folded and densely setose. Uncus arms rounded. Gnathos roughly rectangular, gnathos arms with swollen base. Valva simple, broad; curved reflexed costal piliform setae present; saccular process as wide as valva, broad at base, apically pointed. Tegumen inverted U-shaped. Transtilla sclerotised, broad at base, narrow in middle. Juxta slightly constricted at middle. Vinculum broad U-shaped with rounded saccus. Phallus constricted medially, somewhat dumbbell-shaped; vesica with a long, broad cornutus bearing multiple small dentate protrusions.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99204C59FF290A3BFA99FCC3" box="[199,1281,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FF290A3BFEFBFCC2" bold="true" box="[199,355,834,860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">Distribution:</emphasis>
So far, the new species is known from its
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399204C59FCD30A3AFCF5FCC3" box="[829,877,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
locality i.e., Dzongu (
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399204C59FB880A3AFB22FCC3" box="[1126,1210,835,861]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
) only.
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA99204C59FF290A1EFDCBFC3B" pageId="12" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399204C59FF290A1EFECAFC1F" bold="true" box="[199,338,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species is named in honour of Dr. Houhun Li,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199204C59FC5A0A1EFC62FC1F" box="[948,1018,871,897]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="68">China</collectingCountry>
, for his contributions to the field of Pyraloidea. A noun in the genitive case.
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF7909EEFD5CFF2F" bold="true" box="[151,708,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF7909EEFE25FF2C" bold="true" box="[151,445,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Endotricha melanobasis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FE2B09EEFD5CFF2F" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[453,708,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="126 - 160" refId="ref7416" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1916) Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Epipaschiinae, Chrysauginae, Endotrichinae and Pyralinae (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 18 (8), 126 - 160 + 349 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931609486884" type="journal article" year="1916">Hampson, 1916: 358</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF7909C2FE81FF4B" box="[151,281,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF7909C2FE81FF4B" blockId="4.[151,708,151,213]" box="[151,281,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FF7109C2FF70FF4B" box="[159,232,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FF1A09C2FE89FF4B" box="[244,273,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF79087AFBA9FEFB" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF79087AFC5AFE83" blockId="4.[151,1437,259,682]" box="[151,962,259,286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99284C51FF79087AFD4FFE83" box="[151,727,259,285]" country="India" location="Khasis" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Assam" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF79087AFEA1FE83" bold="true" box="[151,313,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399284C51FF79087AFF4AFE83" box="[151,210,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
[
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FEA9087AFE10FE83" box="[327,392,259,285]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
,]
<location id="CE5B17EA99284C51FE74087AFE7EFE83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799284C51FF7909EEFB07FD34:CE5B17EA99284C51FE74087AFE7EFE83" box="[410,486,259,285]" country="India" name="Khasis" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Assam">Khasis</location>
[Khasi Hills],
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FD65087AFD4FFE83" box="[651,727,259,285]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Assam</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99284C51FD31087DFC5AFE83" box="[735,962,259,286]" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Khasis" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Meghalaya" typeStatus="holotype">
[now in
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FCD2087AFC23FE83" box="[828,955,259,285]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF29085EFA04FEDF" blockId="4.[151,1437,259,682]" box="[199,1436,295,324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF29085EFE30FEDF" bold="true" box="[199,424,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99284C51FE5B085EFC77FEDC" box="[437,1007,295,324]" collectingDate="2014-04-30" country="India" location="Golitar" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FE5B085EFE69FEDF" box="[437,497,295,321]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FE15085EFDC9FEDF" bold="true" box="[507,593,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FE15085EFDC9FEDF" box="[507,593,295,321]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99284C51FDB0085EFD37FEDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799284C51FF7909EEFB07FD34:CE5B17EA99284C51FDB0085EFD37FEDF" box="[606,687,295,321]" country="India" name="Golitar" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Sikkim">Golitar</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199284C51FD00085EFCFCFEDF" box="[750,868,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-04-30">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FD00085EFCFCFEDF" box="[750,868,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-04-30">30.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8765/H10)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99284C51FC170851FA94FEDC" box="[1017,1292,295,324]" collectingDate="2014-04-25" country="India" location="Mangan" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<location id="CE5B17EA99284C51FC170851FBC0FEDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799284C51FF7909EEFB07FD34:CE5B17EA99284C51FC170851FBC0FEDC" box="[1017,1112,296,322]" country="India" name="Mangan" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Sikkim">Mangan</location>
, 3 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199284C51FB78085EFA94FEDC" box="[1174,1292,295,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-04-25">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FB78085EFA94FEDC" box="[1174,1292,295,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-04-25">25.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
(8766/H10);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF790832FBA9FEFB" blockId="4.[151,1437,259,682]" box="[151,1073,331,360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99284C51FF790832FBB5FEFB" box="[151,1069,331,360]" collectingDate="2014-06-03" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" location="Chirbatiya" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF790832FEABFEFB" bold="true" box="[151,307,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FF790832FEABFEFB" box="[151,307,331,357]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA99284C51FEAC0832FE23FEFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799284C51FF7909EEFB07FD34:CE5B17EA99284C51FEAC0832FE23FEFB" box="[322,443,331,357]" name="Chirbatiya" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Chirbatiya</location>
, 4 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199284C51FE100832FDEDFEFB" box="[510,629,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-06-03">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FE100832FDEDFEFB" box="[510,629,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-06-03">03.vi.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8767/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499284C51FCE30835FCBBFEF8" box="[781,803,332,358]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799284C51FCC00832FCE5FEFB" box="[814,893,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF290816FEDEFDFF" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF290816FEDEFDFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,259,682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF290816FEDCFE17" bold="true" box="[199,324,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Externally,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FE210809FDE4FE17" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1916" box="[463,636,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanobasis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FE210809FDE4FE17" box="[463,636,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. melanobasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FD630816FD4AFE17" box="[653,722,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FC250809FBEEFE17" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[971,1142,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FC250809FBEEFE17" box="[971,1142,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FB690816FB51FE17" box="[1159,1225,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) but is distinct by the shorter wingspan, most of the rust brown scales on the wing of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FC6E08EDFBB1FE33" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[896,1065,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FC6E08EDFBB1FE33" box="[896,1065,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are replaced with fuscous scales, the elongated subcostal patch of hindwing is brownish, which is blackish in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FC1208C1FB3EFE4F" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[1020,1190,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FC1208C1FB95FE4F" box="[1020,1037,440,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FBF208CEFB3EFE4F" box="[1052,1190,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In male genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FA6A08C1FEBBFE6B" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanobasis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FA6A08C1FEBBFE6B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. melanobasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FEDD08A2FE1CFE6B" box="[307,388,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FDAA08A5FD76FE6B" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[580,750,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FDAA08A5FD76FE6B" box="[580,750,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FD1308A2FCD7FE6B" box="[765,847,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) by the presence of a small, robust, spined, subbasal process on the ventral wall of the dorsal portion of the valva; juxta arrow like (inverted triangle with a central long process) (in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FECA0B5DFE57FDA3" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[292,463,547,574]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FECA0B5DFEADFDA3" box="[292,309,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FEAB0B5AFE57FDA3" box="[325,463,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
juxta is deeply pot-shaped with two latero-apical patches of spines), and the saccular process shorter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF290B12FB07FD34" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF290B12FB07FD34" blockId="4.[151,1437,259,682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF290B12FEFBFD1B" bold="true" box="[199,355,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FE9E0B12FE32FD1B" box="[368,426,619,645]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
(Khasis [
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FDCE0B12FD3AFD1B" box="[544,674,619,645]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FD530B12FCEBFD1B" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[701,883,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="126 - 160" refId="ref7416" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1916) Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Epipaschiinae, Chrysauginae, Endotrichinae and Pyralinae (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 18 (8), 126 - 160 + 349 - 373. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931609486884" type="journal article" year="1916">Hampson 1916</bibRefCitation>
), Indian subcontinent (North) (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FB080B12FA17FD1B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[1254,1423,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FF790BF6FF73FD37" box="[151,235,655,681]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FF180BF6FE18FD37" box="[246,384,655,681]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
(present study)),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FDA80BF6FD11FD37" box="[582,649,655,681]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FD770BF6FCC9FD37" author="Yamanaka, H." box="[665,849,655,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="99 - 114" refId="ref8691" refString="Yamanaka, H. (1998) Pyralide of Nepal, II. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal, Part 5. Tinea, 15 Supplement 1. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 99 - 114." type="book chapter" year="1998">Yamanaka 1998</bibRefCitation>
), Borneo (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FC2B0BF6FB0BFD34" author="Sutton, S. &amp; Barlow, H. &amp; Whitaker, T." box="[965,1171,655,682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" refId="ref8177" refString="Sutton, S., Barlow, H. &amp; Whitaker, T. (2015) A preliminary guide to pyralid moths of Borneo. Vol. 1. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, in association with Southdene Sendirian Berhad, Kuala Lumpur, 89 pp." type="book" year="2015">
Sutton
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FBF90BE9FBD0FD37" box="[1047,1096,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="BF213B06E3A837C87A945AC9FA4C666B">On the taxonomy of genus Endotricha Zeller (Pyralinae, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera) with description of three new species from India</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF790B82FE7FFC88" bold="true" box="[151,487,763,790]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Endotricha costaemaculalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FE010B82FD40FC8B" author="Christoph, H. T." box="[495,728,763,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref6935" refString="Christoph, H. T. (1881) Neue Lepidopteren des Amurgebietes. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 56, 1 - 80. [Denis, J. N. C. M. &amp; Schiffermuller, I.] (1775) Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend herausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am k. k. Theresianum. Augustin Bernardi, Wien. frontispiece, 1 - 323, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1881">Christoph, 1881: 4</bibRefCitation>
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(
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,
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locality:
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF390AF2FE42FC3B" box="[215,474,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Endotricha fuscifusalis</emphasis>
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locality:
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, Punjab, Murree.
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,
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF300AAAFD3CFC73" box="[222,676,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Endotricha costaemaculalis formosensis</emphasis>
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locality:
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[Formosa],
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:
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<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FE2E0D62FE64FBAB" box="[448,508,1051,1077]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
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:
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, 1 ♁,
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(8763/H10, 8764/H10)
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;
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<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FB170D62FA0DFBAB" box="[1273,1429,1051,1077]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
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:
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FEB60D46FE48FBC7" box="[344,464,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-06-01">01.vi.2014</collectingDate>
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(13253/H10),
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kanasar, 2 ♁,
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(13254/H10),
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,
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(13255/H10),
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(13256/H10), 1 ♁,
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(13257/H10),
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,
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<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FBFF0D1AFB11FBE3" box="[1041,1161,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-06-10">10.vi.2014</collectingDate>
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(13258/H10),
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.
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leg. (NZCZSI)
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.
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<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF290DD2FC87FB77" blockId="4.[151,1437,871,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF290DD2FEDCFB5B" bold="true" box="[199,324,1195,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Discussed under
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FDE70DD5FD2AFB5B" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[521,690,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FDE70DD5FD2AFB5B" box="[521,690,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another closely related species of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FBD10DD5FA8AFB5B" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1881" box="[1087,1298,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaemaculalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FBD10DD5FA8AFB5B" box="[1087,1298,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. costaemaculalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FADD0DD5FEA2FB77" authority="Whalley, 1963" authorityName="Whalley" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FADD0DD5FA05FB5B" box="[1331,1437,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. eximia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FF790DB6FEA2FB77" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[151,314,1231,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the diagnosis is discussed under the latter.
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<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF290D8AFEFBFA93" bold="true" box="[199,355,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FE810D8AFE31FA93" box="[367,425,1267,1293]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
(Darjeeling, Himalayas, NW Himalayas, Dalhousie,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FBF00D8AFBF7FA93" box="[1054,1135,1267,1293]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FB6D0D8AFAB8FA93" author="Snellen, P. C. T." box="[1155,1312,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="557 - 647" refId="ref8061" refString="Snellen, P. C. T. (1890) A catalogue of the Pyralidina of Sikkim collected by Henry J. Elwes and the late Otto Moller, with notes by H. J. Elwes. Transaction of the Entomological Society of London, 1890, 557 - 647, pls. 14 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1890. tb 03031. x" type="journal article" year="1890">Snellen 1890</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FADF0D8DFF78FAAF" author="Hampson, G. F." pageId="4" pageNumber="60" refId="ref7251" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1896 a) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. 4. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 595 pp." type="book" year="1896">Hampson 1896a</bibRefCitation>
,b,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FF120C61FE2DFAAC" author="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H." box="[252,437,1303,1330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="297 - 305" refId="ref8454" refString="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H. (2005) A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science, 12, 297 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1005 - 295 X. 2005.00036. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wang &amp; Li 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FE500C6EFDE3FAAF" author="Singh, N. &amp; Ranjan, R. &amp; Talukdar, A. &amp; Joshi, R. &amp; Kirti, J. S. &amp; Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R." box="[446,635,1303,1330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref7990" refString="Singh, N., Ranjan, R., Talukdar, A., Joshi, R., Kirti, J. S., Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R. (2022) A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Zootaxa, 5197 (1), 1 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5197.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Singh
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FDEA0C61FDABFAAF" box="[516,563,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FD620C6EFC8EFAAF" box="[652,790,1303,1329]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
(present study)), Siberia,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FBDE0C61FBEBFAAC" box="[1072,1139,1304,1330]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Tibet,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FB2C0C6EFA9DFAAF" box="[1218,1285,1303,1329]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FAFF0C6EFA00FAAF" box="[1297,1432,1303,1329]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FF790C42FF45FACB" box="[151,221,1339,1365]" country="China" name="Hebei" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Hebei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FF050C45FEAFFAC8" box="[235,311,1340,1366]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Henan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FEAB0C42FE14FACB" box="[325,396,1339,1365]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Hubei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FE740C42FD9AFACB" box="[410,514,1339,1365]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FDF60C42FDF5FACB" box="[536,621,1339,1365]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FD950C45FD5AFAC8" box="[635,706,1340,1366]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FD3E0C42FC86FACB" box="[720,798,1339,1365]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FCC20C42FC13FACB" box="[812,907,1339,1365]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FC720C42FBC2FACB" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[924,1114,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" refId="ref7251" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1896 a) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. 4. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 595 pp." type="book" year="1896">Hampson 1896a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FB860C42FA94FACB" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[1128,1292,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FAF70C45FF4AFAE4" author="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H." pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="297 - 305" refId="ref8454" refString="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H. (2005) A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science, 12, 297 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1005 - 295 X. 2005.00036. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wang &amp; Li 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FF330C26FE58FAE7" author="Pathania, P. C. &amp; Singh, N. &amp; Das, A. &amp; Mazumder, A." box="[221,448,1375,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="133 - 270" refId="ref7821" refString="Pathania, P. C., Singh, N., Das, A. &amp; Mazumder, A. (2021) Insecta: Lepidoptera: Heterocera (Moths). In: Director (Ed.), Fauna of Himachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series, 26. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 133 - 270." type="book chapter" year="2021">
Pathania
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FEAB0C19FEEEFAE7" box="[325,374,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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216
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<treatment id="432DF02799284C51FF790CB2FDC8F824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799284C51FF790CB2FDC8F824" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432DF02799284C51FF790CB2FDC8F824" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF790CB2FDF5FA7B" box="[151,621,1483,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF790CB2FDF5FA7B" blockId="4.[151,621,1483,1546]" box="[151,621,1483,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="9073F65D99284C51FF790CB2FDF5FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,621,1483,1510]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94661F99284C51FF790CB2FDF5FA7B" box="[151,621,1483,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitation id="4A25672099284C51FF790CB2FDF5FA7B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[151,621,1483,1510]" page="428" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" year="1963">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FF790CB2FDF5FA7B" ID-CoL="39SKV" authority="Whalley, 1963: 428" authorityName="Whalley" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,621,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF790CB2FDF5FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,621,1483,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF790CB2FEE0FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,376,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Endotricha eximia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FE6E0CB2FDF5FA7B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[384,621,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley, 1963: 428</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF790C96FEC7F997" box="[151,351,1519,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF790C96FEC7F997" blockId="4.[151,621,1483,1546]" box="[151,351,1519,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FF710C96FE9CF997" box="[159,260,1519,1546]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FEFE0C96FEB7F997" box="[272,303,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FED40C96FECFF997" box="[314,343,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,528,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,525,1472]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Endotricha spp. 29, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 30, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/ H10); 31, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10); 32, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203946/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">30</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF790F4EFBADF907" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF790F4EFE4CF9CF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1591,1978]" box="[151,468,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99284C51FF790F4EFE4CF9CF" box="[151,468,1591,1617]" country="India" location="Khasis" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF790F4EFEA1F9CF" bold="true" box="[151,313,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399284C51FF790F4EFF4AF9CF" box="[151,210,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FEAE0F4EFEE4F9CF" box="[320,380,1591,1617]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="CE5B17EA99284C51FE660F4EFE4CF9CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799284C51FF790CB2FDC8F824:CE5B17EA99284C51FE660F4EFE4CF9CF" box="[392,468,1591,1617]" country="India" name="Khasis" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Khasis</location>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF290F22FBADF907" blockId="4.[151,1437,1591,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF290F22FE32F9EB" bold="true" box="[199,426,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C99284C51FE540F22FBA9F907" collectingDate="2014-04-30" collectingDateMax="2014-05-07" collectingDateMin="2014-04-30" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Golitar" municipality="Dodak" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FE540F22FE6EF9EB" box="[442,502,1627,1653]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FDED0F22FDC1F9EB" bold="true" box="[515,601,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FDED0F22FDC1F9EB" box="[515,601,1627,1653]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="2B5FDB4B99284C51FD860F22FD2EF9EB" box="[616,694,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Dodak</collectingMunicipality>
, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199284C51FD120F22FCF2F9EB" box="[764,874,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-05-07">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FD120F22FCF2F9EB" box="[764,874,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-05-07">07.v.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8768/H10),
<location id="CE5B17EA99284C51FBEA0F22FBCDF9EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF02799284C51FF790CB2FDC8F824:CE5B17EA99284C51FBEA0F22FBCDF9EB" box="[1028,1109,1627,1653]" country="India" municipality="Dodak" name="Golitar" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Sikkim">Golitar</location>
, 3 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB899284C51FB750F22FB5EF9E8" box="[1179,1222,1627,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F199284C51FB3B0F22FAD3F9EB" box="[1237,1355,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-04-30">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FB3B0F22FAD3F9EB" box="[1237,1355,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-04-30">30.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8769/ H10, 8770/H10), Yuksom, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F199284C51FDE50F06FDE2F907" box="[523,634,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-05-03">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E1999284C51FDE50F06FDE2F907" box="[523,634,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" value="2014-05-03">03.v.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8771/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F499284C51FCFF0FF9FCBFF904" box="[785,807,1664,1690]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E799284C51FCDC0F06FC19F907" box="[818,897,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF290FDAFD5BF8EF" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF290FDAFD5BF8EF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1591,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF290FDAFEDCF923" bold="true" box="[199,324,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FDE10FDDFDEFF923" authorityName="Whalley" authorityYear="1963" box="[527,631,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FDE10FDDFDEFF923" box="[527,631,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. eximia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FD6D0FDAFD7BF923" box="[643,739,1699,1726]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
) is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FC270FDDFB02F923" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1881" box="[969,1178,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaemaculalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FC270FDDFB02F923" box="[969,1178,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. costaemaculalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FB490FDAFA90F923" box="[1191,1288,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
), particularly with the phenotype of its synonym
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FDD80FB1FD4EF97F" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" box="[566,726,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscifusalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FDD80FB1FD4EF97F" box="[566,726,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. fuscifusalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from North
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FC830FBEFC31F97F" box="[877,937,1735,1761]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
, but is distinct by its smaller size. In male genitalia, juxta of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FE880F95FE49F89B" authorityName="Whalley" authorityYear="1963" box="[358,465,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FE880F95FE49F89B" box="[358,465,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. eximia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FE0F0F92FDACF89B" box="[481,564,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) is distinct from that of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FCA70F95FB86F89B" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1881" box="[841,1054,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaemaculalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FCA70F95FB86F89B" box="[841,1054,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. costaemaculalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FBC00F92FB19F89B" box="[1070,1153,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) in the absence of apical spines and vesica of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FE910E69FE72F8B7" authorityName="Whalley" authorityYear="1963" box="[383,490,1808,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FE910E69FE72F8B7" box="[383,490,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. eximia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a cornutus as a thin line of spines, which is spiniform in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FB4D0E69FAEEF8B7" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1881" box="[1187,1398,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaemaculalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FB4D0E69FAEEF8B7" box="[1187,1398,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. costaemaculalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FE9C0E4DFE45F8D3" authorityName="Whalley" authorityYear="1963" box="[370,477,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximia">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FE9C0E4DFE45F8D3" box="[370,477,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. eximia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FE030E4AFDD9F8D3" box="[493,577,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,528,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,525,1472]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Endotricha spp. 29, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 30, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/ H10); 31, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10); 32, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203946/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
), ductus bursae is uniformly sclerotised whereas in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299284C51FB650E4DFAC6F8D3" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1881" box="[1163,1374,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaemaculalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FB650E4DFAC6F8D3" box="[1163,1374,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">E. costaemaculalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB499284C51FA810E4AFF2EF8EF" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,528,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,525,1472]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Endotricha spp. 29, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 30, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/ H10); 31, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10); 32, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203946/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
), ductus bursae is weakly sclerotised centrally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99284C51FF290E02FDC8F824" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199284C51FF290E02FDC8F824" blockId="4.[151,1437,1591,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399284C51FF290E02FEFBF80B" bold="true" box="[199,355,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FE820E02FE3EF80B" box="[364,422,1915,1941]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
(Indian subcontinent (North), Khasis,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399284C51FC8F0E02FC2AF80B" box="[865,946,1915,1941]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FC2D0E02FBFFF80B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[963,1127,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC099284C51FB9A0E05FAA2F808" author="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H." box="[1140,1338,1915,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" pagination="297 - 305" refId="ref8454" refString="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H. (2005) A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science, 12, 297 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1005 - 295 X. 2005.00036. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wang &amp; Li 2005</bibRefCitation>
)),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A199284C51FAB70E02FA04F80B" box="[1369,1436,1915,1941]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="60">China</collectingCountry>
(
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251
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<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF7909EEFE1FFF2C" bold="true" box="[151,391,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Endotricha dumalis</emphasis>
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(
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,
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,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FED409C2FECFFF4B" box="[314,343,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,528,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,525,1472]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Endotricha spp. 29, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 30, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/ H10); 31, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10); 32, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203946/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">31</figureCitation>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FE5C085EFE76FEDF" box="[434,494,295,321]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
,
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<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FE18085EFDD4FEDF" box="[502,588,295,321]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
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:
<collectorName id="667124E7992B4C52FDB90851FD2EFEDC" box="[599,694,296,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Mangan</collectorName>
, 2 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB8992B4C52FD1E085EFC8EFEDC" box="[752,790,295,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FCCF085EFC0FFEDF" box="[801,919,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-04-24">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992B4C52FCCF085EFC0FFEDF" box="[801,919,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-04-24">24.iv.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13259/H10, 13260/H10)
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, 2 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB8992B4C52FB1B085EFA83FEDC" box="[1269,1307,295,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FAC8085EFA04FEDC" box="[1318,1436,295,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-04-25">25.iv.2014</date>
(8776/H10, 13261/H10); Ribdi,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB8992B4C52FE130832FDBDFEF8" box="[509,549,331,358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FDDC0832FD32FEFB" box="[562,682,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-09-22">22.ix.2014</date>
(13262/H10); Chungthang, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FBF60832FB08FEFB" box="[1048,1168,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-12">12.ix.2013</date>
(13263/H10); Golitar, 2 ♁,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB8992B4C52FF540816FF7DFE14" box="[186,229,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FF1D0816FEF1FE17" box="[243,361,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-04-30">30.iv.2014</date>
(8777/H10, 13264/H10); Yuksom,
<specimenCount id="DD828AB8992B4C52FD190816FCB9FE14" box="[759,801,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FCC10816FC3EFE17" box="[815,934,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-19">19.ix.2013</date>
(13265/H10),
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992B4C52FBA30816FA00FE17" box="[1101,1432,367,394]" collectingDate="2013-09-20" collectorName="Mangan" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<specimenCount id="DD828AB8992B4C52FBA30816FBEFFE14" box="[1101,1143,367,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FB6B0816FB65FE17" box="[1157,1277,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-20">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992B4C52FB6B0816FB65FE17" box="[1157,1277,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-20">20.ix.2013</collectingDate>
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(13266/H10)
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; Dodak,
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,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FEC608EAFE0EFE30" box="[296,406,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-05-05">05.v.2014</date>
(13267/H10),
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992B4C52FDD208EAFC1EFE33" box="[572,902,403,430]" collectingDate="2014-09-25" collectorName="Mangan" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<specimenCount id="DD828AB8992B4C52FDD208EAFDFDFE30" box="[572,613,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FD9D08EAFD73FE30" box="[627,747,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-09-25">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992B4C52FD9D08EAFD73FE30" box="[627,747,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-09-25">25.ix.2014</collectingDate>
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(13268/H10)
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;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992B4C52FC7C08EAFF4BFE4F" collectingDate="2013-09-30" collectorName="Hmuifang" country="India" location="Mizoram" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mizoram">
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<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FC7C08EAFB98FE33" box="[914,1024,403,429]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
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:
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,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FB2808EAFAA6FE33" box="[1222,1342,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-30">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992B4C52FB2808EAFAA6FE33" box="[1222,1342,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-30">30.ix.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13269/ H10)
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F4992B4C52FF3108C1FF6DFE4C" box="[223,245,440,466]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E7992B4C52FF1108CEFED6FE4F" box="[255,334,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF2908A2FBD7FD1B" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF2908A2FBD7FD1B" blockId="7.[151,1437,259,718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF2908A2FEDCFE6B" bold="true" box="[199,324,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FEA008A2FDA8FE6B" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2005" box="[334,560,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FEA008A2FDA8FE6B" box="[334,560,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Endotricha dumalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FDAC08A2FD35FE6B" box="[578,685,475,502]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
) is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FC5C08A5FBB6FE6B" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[946,1070,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FC5C08A5FBB6FE6B" box="[946,1070,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FBAC08A2FB11FE6B" box="[1090,1161,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) but is distinct in male genitalia by the spined lateral lobes of juxta and saccular process medially bulged whereas in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FB5C0B79FAB4FD87" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1202,1324,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FB5C0B79FAB4FD87" box="[1202,1324,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FAD50886FA17FD87" box="[1339,1423,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
), lateral lobes of juxta are smooth and medial bulge of saccular process is absent. In female genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FB040B5DFAF9FDA3" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2005" box="[1258,1377,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FB040B5DFAF9FDA3" box="[1258,1377,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. dumalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FA810B5AFF2CFDFF" captionStart="FIGURES 29–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,528,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,525,1472]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 29–32. Female genitalia of Endotricha spp. 29, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 30, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/ H10); 31, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10); 32, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203946/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) is distinct by the corpus bursae less elongated and spines of signum sparsely arranged which are dense in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FA6A0B31FF69FD1B" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FA6A0B31FF69FD1B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992B4C52FEEE0B12FE43FD1B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[256,475,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963: 426</bibRefCitation>
; imago: Pl. 3, fig. 40; female genitalia: Pl. 33, fig. 281).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF290BF6FBC7FD34" box="[199,1119,655,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290BF6FBC7FD34" blockId="7.[151,1437,259,718]" box="[199,1119,655,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290BF6FEFBFD37" bold="true" box="[199,355,655,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FE840BF6FE3CFD37" box="[362,420,655,681]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FE5C0BF6FD9FFD37" box="[434,519,655,681]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FDFD0BF6FDE2FD37" box="[531,634,655,681]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
(present study)),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FCD10BF6FC1AFD37" box="[831,898,655,681]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992B4C52FC7E0BF6FBCBFD34" author="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H." box="[912,1107,655,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" pagination="297 - 305" refId="ref8454" refString="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H. (2005) A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science, 12, 297 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1005 - 295 X. 2005.00036. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wang &amp; Li 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF290BCAFAFBFD53" box="[199,1379,691,718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290BCAFAFBFD53" blockId="7.[151,1437,259,718]" box="[199,1379,691,718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290BCAFEA5FD53" bold="true" box="[199,317,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Remarks:</emphasis>
The record of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FE0D0BCDFDC3FD53" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2005" box="[483,603,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FE0D0BCDFDC3FD53" box="[483,603,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. dumalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the state of
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FCCF0BCAFCEAFD53" box="[801,882,691,717]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
is the first record of this species from
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FACC0BCAFAC7FD53" box="[1314,1375,691,717]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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281
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<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FF790A66FDE3FCA7" ID-CoL="39SMP" authority="(Moore, 1888: 206)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityPageNumber="206" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[151,635,799,826]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF790A66FE1FFCA4" bold="true" box="[151,391,799,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Endotricha similata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992B4C52FE790A66FDECFCA7" author="Moore, F." box="[407,628,799,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" pagination="199 - 299" refId="ref7614" refString="Moore, F. (1888) Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Heterocera (continued) (Pyralidae, Crambidae, Geometridae, Tortricidae, Tineidae). In: Hewitson, W. C. &amp; Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous Insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson 3. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta &amp; Taylor &amp; Francis, London, pp. 199 - 299, pls. 6 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1888">Moore, 1888: 206</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FF710A3AFF70FCC3" box="[159,232,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FF1A0A3AFE89FCC3" box="[244,273,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF790AF2FA83FC57" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF790AF2FD17FC3B" blockId="7.[151,1437,907,1150]" box="[151,655,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF790AF2FEA1FC3B" bold="true" box="[151,313,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Type locality:</emphasis>
[
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FEA90AF2FE10FC3B" box="[327,392,907,933]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
,] Darjeeling [Darjiling]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290AD6FA83FC57" blockId="7.[151,1437,907,1150]" box="[199,1307,943,972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290AD6FE31FC57" bold="true" box="[199,425,943,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992B4C52FE560AD6FA80FC57" box="[440,1304,943,972]" collectingDate="2014-09-22" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Ribdi" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FE560AD6FE6CFC57" box="[440,500,943,969]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FDEE0AD6FDCEFC57" bold="true" box="[512,598,943,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FDEE0AD6FDCEFC57" box="[512,598,943,969]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA992B4C52FD8A0AD6FD3DFC57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF027992B4C5DFF790A66FACDFEFB:CE5B17EA992B4C52FD8A0AD6FD3DFC57" box="[612,677,943,969]" country="India" name="Ribdi" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" stateProvince="Sikkim">Ribdi</location>
, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FD060AD6FCF9FC57" box="[744,865,943,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-09-22">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992B4C52FD060AD6FCF9FC57" box="[744,865,943,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2014-09-22">22.ix.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8778/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F4992B4C52FC160AC9FB96FC54" box="[1016,1038,944,970]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E7992B4C52FBF60AD6FBFFFC57" box="[1048,1127,943,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF290AAAFED7FBAB" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290AAAFED7FBAB" blockId="7.[151,1437,907,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290AAAFEDCFC73" bold="true" box="[199,324,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FEA00AAAFDA8FC73" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[334,560,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FEA00AAAFDA8FC73" box="[334,560,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Endotricha similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FCC60AADFC3CFC73" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li" authorityYear="2005" box="[808,932,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FCC60AADFC3CFC73" box="[808,932,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. dumalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the diagnosis is discussed under the latter. Another closely similar species to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FDF00A81FD00FB8F" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[542,664,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FDF00A81FD00FB8F" box="[542,664,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the new species described hereafter. Diagnosis is discussed under the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF290D46FEBFFA93" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290D46FEF6FBE0" blockId="7.[151,1437,907,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290D46FEFBFBC7" bold="true" box="[199,355,1087,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FE850D46FE3DFBC7" box="[363,421,1087,1113]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
(Darjeeling (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992B4C52FDD50D46FD54FBC7" author="Moore, F." box="[571,716,1087,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" pagination="199 - 299" refId="ref7614" refString="Moore, F. (1888) Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Heterocera (continued) (Pyralidae, Crambidae, Geometridae, Tortricidae, Tineidae). In: Hewitson, W. C. &amp; Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous Insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson 3. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta &amp; Taylor &amp; Francis, London, pp. 199 - 299, pls. 6 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1888">Moore 1888</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FD0E0D46FCA9FBC7" box="[736,817,1087,1113]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
(present study)),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FC170D39FBDDFBC4" box="[1017,1093,1088,1114]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Burma</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FBBA0D39FB51FBC4" box="[1108,1225,1088,1114]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
],
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FB320D46FABAFBC7" box="[1244,1314,1087,1113]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FAC00D46FA04FBC7" box="[1326,1436,1087,1113]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992B4C52FF710D1AFEFAFBE0" author="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H." box="[159,354,1123,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" pagination="297 - 305" refId="ref8454" refString="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H. (2005) A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science, 12, 297 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1005 - 295 X. 2005.00036. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wang &amp; Li 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF710DB6FC18FB77" blockId="7.[151,896,1231,1293]" box="[159,896,1231,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF710DB6FC18FB77" bold="true" box="[159,896,1231,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FF710DB6FC8EFB77" authority="Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityName="Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[159,790,1231,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosimilata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF710DB6FE48FB74" bold="true" box="[159,464,1231,1258]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Endotricha fuscosimilata</emphasis>
Ranjan, N. Singh &amp; Kirti
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C32058992B4C52FCCC0DB6FC18FB77" box="[802,896,1231,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF790D8AFEBFFA93" blockId="7.[151,896,1231,1293]" box="[151,295,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FF710D8AFF6EFA93" box="[159,246,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FEEC0D8AFE87FA93" box="[258,287,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–28" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[304,1283,383,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-95@8.[304,1283,381,1873]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 23–28. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 23, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13270/H10); 24, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/ H10); 25, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 26, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 27, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 28, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203944/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF790C42FC97FA5C" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF790C42FDD7FACB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2014]" box="[151,591,1339,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF790C42FEA1FACB" bold="true" box="[151,313,1339,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Type locality:</emphasis>
Yuksom (
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FE450C42FD98FACB" box="[427,512,1339,1365]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FDE50C42FDDEFACB" box="[523,582,1339,1365]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290C26FE2BFAE7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2014]" box="[199,435,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290C26FE2BFAE7" bold="true" box="[199,435,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Material examined:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290CFAFB5EFA03" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2014]" box="[199,1222,1411,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992B4C52FF290CFAFB5EFA03" box="[199,1222,1411,1440]" collectingDate="2013-09-20" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Yuksom" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290CFAFEACFA03" bold="true" box="[199,308,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992B4C52FF290CFAFEACFA03" box="[199,308,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(♁).
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992B4C52FE9F0CFAFE35FA03" box="[369,429,1411,1437]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FE560CFAFD96FA03" bold="true" box="[440,526,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992B4C52FE560CFAFD96FA03" box="[440,526,1411,1437]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA992B4C52FDF20CFAFDE3FA03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF027992B4C5DFF790A66FACDFEFB:CE5B17EA992B4C52FDF20CFAFDE3FA03" box="[540,635,1411,1437]" country="India" name="Yuksom" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" stateProvince="Sikkim">Yuksom</location>
,
<date id="BF3A67F1992B4C52FD6B0CFAFD65FA03" box="[645,765,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-20">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992B4C52FD6B0CFAFD65FA03" box="[645,765,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" value="2013-09-20">20.ix.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(13270/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F4992B4C52FC4D0CFDFC21FA00" box="[931,953,1412,1438]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E7992B4C52FC2D0CFAFB8AFA03" box="[963,1042,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290CDEFC97FA5C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2014]" box="[199,783,1447,1476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290CDEFEACFA5F" bold="true" box="[199,308,1447,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992B4C52FF290CDEFEACFA5F" box="[199,308,1447,1473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 1 ♁ (13271/H10), data same as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C52FF290CB2FD9AF9EB" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290CB2FD9AF9EB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290CB2FEDCFA7B" bold="true" box="[199,324,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FDFA0CB5FD51FA7B" authority="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti, 2023" authorityName="Ranjan &amp; Singh &amp; Kirti" authorityYear="2023" box="[532,713,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscosimilata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FDFA0CB5FD51FA7B" box="[532,713,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. fuscosimilata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FD3F0CB2FCB3FA7B" bold="true" box="[721,811,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2C32058992B4C52FD3F0CB2FCB3FA7B" box="[721,811,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992B4C52FCD40CB2FC14FA7B" box="[826,908,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[294,1291,185,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-31@5.[290,1297,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 9, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/H10); 10, Sikkim, Yuksom, HT (13270/H10); 11, Sikkim, Dodak, HT (13272/H10); 12, Sikkim, Mangan (8772/H10); 13, Mizoram, Hmuifang (8775/H10); 14, Meghalaya, Cherrapunji (8844/H10); 15, Sikkim, Dodak (8839/H10); 16, Sikkim, Dzongu, HT (13283/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203938/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) is closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FB6E0CB5FB61FA7B" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1152,1273,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FB6E0CB5FB61FA7B" box="[1152,1273,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is fuscous in colour, and the wing markings are less expressive. In male genitalia, the apico-lateral lobes of uncus are less produced and almost straight, gnathos apically narrower and more oval, socii larger, phallus larger, more robust (whereas in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992B4C52FECC0F41FE04F9CF" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[290,412,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FECC0F41FE04F9CF" box="[290,412,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">E. similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the apico-lateral lobes of uncus are more produced and curved, gnathos apically rounded, socii are comparatively shorter).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992B4C5DFF290F06FE09FF67" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C52FF290F06FB87F8B4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992B4C52FF290F06FEC3F907" bold="true" box="[199,347,1663,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">Description:</emphasis>
Male. Forewing length
<quantity id="0C7CECD4992B4C52FD980F06FD26F904" box="[630,702,1663,1690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
. Labial palpi upturned, reaching up to vertex of head. Antenna basally swollen with a bunch of scales arising from basal segment. Forewing with some rusty scales on fuscous ground colour; costa fuscous beyond middle, spotted with white; subcostal area beyond antemedial curved line with rusty brown scales; outer area having pinkish scales. Underside with discocellular spot conspicuous. Hindwing with inner and outer area speckled with rusty pink scales posterior to median nervure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992B4C5DFF290E4AFCC1FF4B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2014]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">
Male genitalia with uncus ‘T’-shaped, having apico-lateral arms almost straight, socii upwardly directed. Gnathos apically rounded. Dorsal portion of valva membranous, inner wall bearing anteriorly directed long setae; costal band pronounced, sclerotised, ventral valva edge convexly curved in ‘C’-shape; sacculus broad at base, saccular process robust and broad medially, approximately 1/4
<superScript id="3CF1EC79992B4C52FCB40EE6FCFFF833" attach="left" box="[858,871,1951,1965]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="63">th</superScript>
length of valva, apex pointed. Tegumen broad, as long as uncus. Transtilla sclerotised and basally broad. Juxta elongate tongue-shaped, apical half ornamented with small spines. Vinculum longer than tegumen, notched ‘U’-shaped anteriorly. Phallus as long as the width of the whole apparatus, apodeme largely sclerotised, cornutus absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B413199244C5DFF2909A6FE09FF67" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,401,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Female unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99244C5DFF29087BFB09FE83" box="[199,1169,258,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199244C5DFF29087BFB09FE83" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,1169,258,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399244C5DFF29087BFEFBFE82" bold="true" box="[199,355,258,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Distribution:</emphasis>
So far, the new species is only known from its
<typeStatus id="143FFF9399244C5DFC98087AFC3EFE83" box="[886,934,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
locality i.e.,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD399244C5DFBD6087AFB15FE83" box="[1080,1165,259,285]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA99244C5DFF29085EFACDFEFB" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CB3B413199244C5DFF29085EFACDFEFB" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399244C5DFF29085EFECAFEDF" bold="true" box="[199,338,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet refers to its more fuscous appearance than the closely similar species
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299244C5DFAF0085EFA0DFEDF" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1310,1429,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399244C5DFAF0085EFA0DFEDF" box="[1310,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">E. similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning “a fuscous
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB299244C5DFE950832FE4DFEFB" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[379,469,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similata">
<emphasis id="F9F09D2399244C5DFE950832FE4DFEFB" box="[379,469,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="64">similata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. A noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

204
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790F49FD2BF9D4" blockId="2.[151,691,1584,1647]" box="[151,691,1584,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="9073F65D992E4C57FF790F49FD2BF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,691,1584,1611]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitation id="4A256720992E4C57FF790F49FD2BF9D4" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[151,691,1584,1611]" page="526" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF790F49FD2BF9D4" ID-CoL="39SL4" authority="Ragonot, 1891: 526" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityPageNumber="526" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,691,1584,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF790F49FD2BF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,691,1584,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF790F49FE23F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,443,1584,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Endotricha fuscobasalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FE2D0F48FD2BF9D4" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[451,691,1584,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="435 - 546" refId="ref7888" refString="Ragonot, E. L. (1891) Essai sur la classification des Pyralites. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 6, 10 (1890), 435 - 546, pls. 5 + 7 + 8." type="journal article" year="1891">Ragonot, 1891: 526</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790F2DFE81F9F1" blockId="2.[151,691,1584,1647]" box="[151,281,1620,1647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992E4C57FF710F2DFF7EF9F1" box="[159,230,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992E4C57FF1A0F2CFE89F9F1" box="[244,273,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">17</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790FE4FE63F928" blockId="2.[151,1437,1692,2043]" box="[151,507,1692,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992E4C57FF790FE4FE63F928" box="[151,507,1692,1719]" country="Pakistan" location="Punjab" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF790FE4FEA1F928" bold="true" box="[151,313,1692,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FF790FE4FF4AF929" box="[151,210,1693,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992E4C57FEAE0FE5FE3AF928" box="[320,418,1692,1718]" name="Pakistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992E4C57FE430FE5FE63F928" box="[429,507,1692,1718]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Punjab</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF290FB9FB51F961" blockId="2.[151,1437,1692,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF290FB9FE35F944" bold="true" box="[199,429,1728,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992E4C57FE2E0FB9FBB9F944" box="[448,1057,1728,1757]" collectingDate="2014-05-03" country="India" location="Yuksom" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992E4C57FE2E0FB9FE64F944" box="[448,508,1728,1754]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FDE20FB9FDFAF944" bold="true" box="[524,610,1728,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992E4C57FDE20FB9FDFAF944" box="[524,610,1728,1754]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="CE5B17EA992E4C57FD9D0FB9FD4AF944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF027992E4C56FF790F49FDA3FF4B:CE5B17EA992E4C57FD9D0FB9FD4AF944" box="[627,722,1728,1754]" country="India" name="Yuksom" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Sikkim">Yuksom</location>
, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F1992E4C57FCCC0FB8FC08F945" box="[802,912,1729,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2014-05-03">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992E4C57FCCC0FB8FC08F945" box="[802,912,1729,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2014-05-03">03.v.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(8762/H10)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7BEC4B6C992E4C57FBDE0FB8FB5DF961" collectingDate="2014-06-03" collectingDateMax="2014-06-06" collectingDateMin="2014-06-03" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ranjan" country="India" location="Koti" municipality="Chirbatiya" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FBDE0FB8FB54F945" bold="true" box="[1072,1228,1729,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992E4C57FBDE0FB8FB54F945" box="[1072,1228,1729,1755]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="2B5FDB4B992E4C57FB310FB9FAC0F944" box="[1247,1368,1728,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Chirbatiya</collectingMunicipality>
, 2 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F1992E4C57FF790F9DFE97F960" box="[151,271,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2014-06-03">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992E4C57FF790F9DFE97F960" box="[151,271,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2014-06-03">03.vi.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13251/H10),
<location id="CE5B17EA992E4C57FE5B0F9DFE7FF960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432DF027992E4C56FF790F49FDA3FF4B:CE5B17EA992E4C57FE5B0F9DFE7FF960" box="[437,487,1764,1790]" country="India" municipality="Chirbatiya" name="Koti" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Koti</location>
kanasar, 1 ♁,
<date id="BF3A67F1992E4C57FD660F9DFC98F960" box="[648,768,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2014-06-06">
<collectingDate id="AF7E9E19992E4C57FD660F9DFC98F960" box="[648,768,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2014-06-06">06.vi.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
(13252/H10),
<collectionCode id="AD95D9F4992E4C57FC4B0F9CFC23F961" box="[933,955,1765,1791]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="667124E7992E4C57FC280F9DFB8DF960" box="[966,1045,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Ranjan</collectorName>
leg. (NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF290E71FC5AF865" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF290E71FC5AF865" blockId="2.[151,1437,1692,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF290E71FEDCF8BC" bold="true" box="[199,324,1800,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Externally,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FE240E70FDEAF8BC" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[458,626,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FE240E70FDEAF8BC" box="[458,626,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">E. fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FD490E70FCC9F8BC" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1916" box="[679,849,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanobasis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FD490E70FCC9F8BC" box="[679,849,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">E. melanobasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely similar species, differences are discussed under
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF330E54FE1EF8D8" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1916" box="[221,390,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanobasis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF330E54FE1EF8D8" box="[221,390,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">E. melanobasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on the male genitalia capsule and specifically the T-shaped uncus,
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FB570E54FAF8F8D8" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[1209,1376,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscobasalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FB570E54FAF8F8D8" box="[1209,1376,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">E. fuscobasalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992E4C57FA810E55FF2CF8F5" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) is closely related to the externally distinct
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FD720E28FBB3F8F5" authority="Christoph, 1881" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1881" box="[668,1067,1872,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaemaculalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FD720E28FCF7F8F4" box="[668,879,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">E. costaemaculalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FC990E29FBB3F8F5" author="Christoph, H. T." box="[887,1067,1872,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref6935" refString="Christoph, H. T. (1881) Neue Lepidopteren des Amurgebietes. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 56, 1 - 80. [Denis, J. N. C. M. &amp; Schiffermuller, I.] (1775) Ankundung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend herausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am k. k. Theresianum. Augustin Bernardi, Wien. frontispiece, 1 - 323, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1881">Christoph, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992E4C57FBD40E29FB19F8F5" box="[1082,1153,1872,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1710,1734]" captionTargetBox="[310,1278,242,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[305,1282,237,1687]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adult of Endotricha spp. (All India). 1, Sikkim,Yuksom (8762/H10); 2, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 3, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 4, Uttarakhand, Chakrata (13255/H10); 5, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 6, Sikkim, Golitar (8770/H10); 7, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 8, Sikkim, Golitar (13264/H10). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203936/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="53BF5DB4992E4C57FB600E28FB34F8F5" box="[1166,1196,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[309,1280,185,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[307,1280,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–22. Male genitalia of Endotricha spp. 17, Sikkim, Yuksom (8762/H10); 18, Sikkim, Golitar (8765/H10); 19, Sikkim, Yuksom (8763/H10); 20, Sikkim, Dodak (8768/H10); 21, Sikkim, Mangan (13259/H10); 22, Sikkim, Ribdi (8778/ H10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203940/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">19</figureCitation>
), but is differentiated by the apical portion of juxta having two well-formed patches of comparatively larger and robust spines, and the saccular process broader, almost straight and slightly broadened subapically, and ending to a small spiniform process, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FE990EC4FDD2F848" authorityName="Christoph" authorityYear="1881" box="[375,586,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costaemaculalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FE990EC4FDD2F848" box="[375,586,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">E. costaemaculalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, apex of juxta uniformly covered with minute spines and saccular process is narrower, slightly wavy and gradually narrowing towards an acute apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992F4C56FF2909EFFDA3FF4B" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992F4C56FF2909EFFA05FF2F" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,213]" box="[199,1437,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992F4C56FF2909EFFEFBFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,355,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Distribution:</emphasis>
Indian subcontinent (North) (
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992F4C56FD4009EEFCC9FF2F" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[686,849,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
); Sikkim, Uttarakhand (present study),
<collectingCountry id="B39301A1992F4C56FAE809EEFAD1FF2F" box="[1286,1353,151,177]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="09408FD3992F4C56FAB909EEFA0DFF2F" box="[1367,1429,151,177]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Tibet</collectingRegion>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992F4C56FF7909C2FDA3FF4B" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,213]" box="[151,571,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992F4C56FF7109C2FEF8FF4B" author="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H." box="[159,352,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" pagination="297 - 305" refId="ref8454" refString="Wang, S. S. &amp; Li, H. H. (2005) A taxonomic study on Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Pyralinae) in China. Insect Science, 12, 297 - 305. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1005 - 295 X. 2005.00036. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Wang &amp; Li 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992F4C56FE8509C2FDB7FF4B" author="Singh, N. &amp; Ranjan, R. &amp; Talukdar, A. &amp; Joshi, R. &amp; Kirti, J. S. &amp; Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R." box="[363,559,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref7990" refString="Singh, N., Ranjan, R., Talukdar, A., Joshi, R., Kirti, J. S., Chandra, K. &amp; Mally, R. (2022) A catalogue of Indian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Zootaxa, 5197 (1), 1 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5197.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Singh
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992F4C56FE5D09C2FE7CFF4B" box="[435,484,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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338
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Genus
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC20BDBFE72FD24" authorityName="Denis &amp; Schiffermüller" authorityYear="1775" box="[300,490,674,698]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flammealis">
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[Denis &amp; Schiffermüller], 1775, by monotypy =
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<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420BB8FF67FD47" box="[172,255,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Doththa</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FF790B99FF51FD66" box="[151,201,736,760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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, by monotypy
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<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420B86FE9DFC88" box="[172,261,767,790]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Messatis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790A64FC8DFCAB" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,789,797,821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC80A67FD1CFCAB" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[294,644,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Messatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabirusalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FEC80A67FE6CFCAB" box="[294,500,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Messatis sabirusalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FE140A64FD1CFCAB" author="Walker, F." box="[506,644,797,821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refId="ref8339" refString="Walker, F. (1859) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XVI - Deltoides. XVII - Pyralides. Part XVIII - Pyralides. Part XIX - Pyralides. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, iv + 1036 pp." type="book" year="1859">Walker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790A45FE52FCCD" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,458,827,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF420A45FE52FCCD" ID-CoL="94NWS" authority="Walker, 1866: 1255" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="1255" authorityYear="1866" box="[172,458,827,852]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pacoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420A45FF66FCCD" box="[172,254,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Pacoria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FEED0A45FE52FCCD" author="Walker, F." box="[259,458,827,852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866: 1255</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790A22FCB0FCED" box="[151,808,858,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790A22FCB0FCED" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,808,858,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FF790A22FF51FCED" box="[151,201,859,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC80A22FD0FFCEC" authority="Walker, 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[294,663,858,882]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pacoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifimbrialis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FEC80A22FD90FCEC" box="[294,520,858,882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Pacoria albifimbrialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FDE00A23FD0FFCEC" author="Walker, F." box="[526,663,858,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790A00FE2CFC31" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790A00FDD3FC0F" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,587,889,913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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=
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF420A03FE98FC0F" ID-CoL="9B6TC" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1847" box="[172,256,890,913]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Paconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420A03FE98FC0F" box="[172,256,890,913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Paconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(misspell.) (
<treatmentCitation id="4A256720992E4C57FE910A00FDDCFC0F" author="Walker, F." box="[383,580,889,913]" page="1255" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FE910A00FDDCFC0F" author="Walker, F." box="[383,580,889,913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker 1866: 1255</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790AE1FE2CFC31" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,436,919,944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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=
<treatmentCitation id="4A256720992E4C57FF420AE1FE2CFC31" author="Walker, F." box="[172,436,919,944]" page="1256" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF420AE1FE2CFC31" ID-CoL="94PVC" authority="Walker, 1866: 1256" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="1256" authorityYear="1866" box="[172,436,919,944]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420AE1FF7FFC31" box="[172,231,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Zania</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FF030AE1FE2CFC31" author="Walker, F." box="[237,436,919,944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866: 1256</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790ACEFD40FC51" box="[151,728,950,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790ACEFD40FC51" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,728,950,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FF790ACEFF51FC51" box="[151,201,951,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC80ACEFDDFFC50" authority="Walker, 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[294,583,950,974]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FEC80ACEFE20FC50" box="[294,440,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Zania unicalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FE500ACFFDDFFC50" author="Walker, F." box="[446,583,950,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790AACFE4CFC73" box="[151,468,981,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790AACFE4CFC73" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,468,981,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF420AAFFE4CFC73" ID-CoL="94PQM" authority="Walker, 1866: 1259" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="1259" authorityYear="1866" box="[172,468,981,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tricomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420AAFFE90FC73" box="[172,264,982,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Tricomia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FEE30AACFE4CFC73" author="Walker, F." box="[269,468,981,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866: 1259</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790A8DFC9EFB92" box="[151,774,1011,1036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790A8DFC9EFB92" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,774,1011,1036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FF790A8DFF51FB92" box="[151,201,1012,1036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC80A8DFDEDFB95" authority="Walker, 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[294,629,1011,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Tricomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auroralis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FEC80A8DFE7DFB92" box="[294,485,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Tricomia auroralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FE050A8DFDEDFB95" author="Walker, F." box="[491,629,1011,1036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790D6AFE5EFBB4" box="[151,454,1042,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790D6AFE5EFBB4" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,454,1042,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<treatmentCitation id="4A256720992E4C57FF420D6BFE5EFBB4" author="Walker, F." box="[172,454,1042,1066]" page="1324" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF420D6BFE5EFBB4" ID-CoL="94PC9" authority="Walker, 1866: 1324" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="1324" authorityYear="1866" box="[172,454,1042,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Rhisina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420D6BFF61FBB4" box="[172,249,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rhisina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FF110D6BFE5EFBB4" author="Walker, F." box="[255,454,1042,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866: 1324</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790D48FCBFFBD7" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,807,1073,1097]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC80D48FD0EFBD7" authority="Walker, 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[294,662,1073,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Rhisina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticostalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FEC80D48FD9FFBD7" box="[294,519,1073,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rhisina puncticostalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FDE30D48FD0EFBD7" author="Walker, F." box="[525,662,1073,1097]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1121 - 1533" refId="ref8400" refString="Walker, F. (1866) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXIV. Supplement Part 4. The Trustees of the British Museum (N. H.), London, pp. i - iv + 1121 - 1533." type="book chapter" year="1866">Walker, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790D29FDD4FBF6" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,588,1103,1128]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420D29FE98FBF6" box="[172,256,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Rhisinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(misspell.) (
<treatmentCitation id="4A256720992E4C57FE910D29FDDCFBF6" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[383,580,1103,1128]" page="734" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FE910D29FDDCFBF6" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[383,580,1103,1128]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="733 - 736" refId="ref8566" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1961) A change in status and a redefinition of the subfamily Endotrichiinae (Lep. Pyralidae), with the description of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 13, 3, 733 - 736. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936008651081" type="journal article" year="1961">Whalley 1961: 734</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790D16FD96FB18" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,526,1134,1159]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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=
<treatmentCitation id="4A256720992E4C57FF420D17FD96FB18" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[172,526,1134,1159]" page="521" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF420D17FD96FB18" ID-CoL="94MVX" authority="Ragonot, 1891: 521" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityPageNumber="521" authorityYear="1891" box="[172,526,1134,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotrichodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420D17FED8FB18" box="[172,320,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Endotrichodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FEA80D16FD96FB18" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[326,526,1134,1159]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="435 - 546" refId="ref7888" refString="Ragonot, E. L. (1891) Essai sur la classification des Pyralites. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 6, 10 (1890), 435 - 546, pls. 5 + 7 + 8." type="journal article" year="1891">Ragonot, 1891: 521</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790DF4FCCBFB3B" box="[151,851,1165,1189]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790DF4FCCBFB3B" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,851,1165,1189]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FF790DF4FF51FB3B" box="[151,201,1165,1189]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC80DF4FD5AFB3B" authority="Ragonot, 1891" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1891" box="[294,706,1165,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotrichodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perustalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FEC80DF4FDBCFB3B" box="[294,548,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Endotrichodes perustalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FDC50DF4FD5AFB3B" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[555,706,1165,1189]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="435 - 546" refId="ref7888" refString="Ragonot, E. L. (1891) Essai sur la classification des Pyralites. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 6, 10 (1890), 435 - 546, pls. 5 + 7 + 8." type="journal article" year="1891">Ragonot, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790DD5FD90FB5D" box="[151,520,1195,1220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790DD5FD90FB5D" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,520,1195,1220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB94661F992E4C57FF790DD5FD90FB5D" box="[151,520,1195,1220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
=
<treatmentCitation id="4A256720992E4C57FF420DD5FD90FB5D" author="Warren, W." box="[172,520,1195,1220]" page="467" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" year="1895">
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF420DD5FD90FB5D" ID-CoL="94MVZ" authority="Warren, 1895: 467" authorityName="Warren" authorityPageNumber="467" authorityYear="1895" box="[172,520,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotrichopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF420DD5FEDDFB5A" box="[172,325,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Endotrichopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FEA50DD5FD90FB5D" author="Warren, W." box="[331,520,1195,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="460 - 477" refId="ref8514" refString="Warren, W. (1895) New genera and species of Pyralidae, Thyrididae, and Epiplemidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 16, 460 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680306" type="journal article" year="1895">Warren, 1895: 467</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790DB2FC4DFB7C" box="[151,981,1226,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790DB2FC4DFB7C" blockId="2.[151,981,674,1251]" box="[151,981,1226,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FF790DB2FF51FB7D" box="[151,201,1227,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FEC80DB3FD79FB7C" authority="Warren, 1895" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[294,737,1226,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotrichopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodopteralis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FEC80DB3FDD7FB7C" box="[294,591,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Endotrichopsis rhodopteralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FDBB0DB2FD79FB7C" author="Warren, W." box="[597,737,1226,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="460 - 477" refId="ref8514" refString="Warren, W. (1895) New genera and species of Pyralidae, Thyrididae, and Epiplemidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 16, 460 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680306" type="journal article" year="1895">Warren, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="839E12BA992E4C57FF790C69FD10FA40" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CB3B4131992E4C57FF790C69FD10FA40" blockId="2.[151,1436,1296,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF790C69FE8CFAB4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1296,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Within Endotrichini, the genus
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FD6C0C69FC98FAB4" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1847" box="[642,768,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FD6C0C69FC98FAB4" box="[642,768,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Endotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most closely similar to
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FBC10C68FAC2FAB5" authority="Meyrick, 1884" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1884" box="[1071,1370,1296,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Oenogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FBC10C68FB33FAB5" box="[1071,1195,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Oenogenes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FB5A0C69FAC2FAB5" author="Meyrick, E." box="[1204,1370,1296,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="61 - 80" refId="ref7581" refString="Meyrick, E. (1884) On the classification of the Australian Pyralidina. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1884, 61 - 80 + 277 - 350." type="journal article" year="1884">Meyrick, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="143FFF93992E4C57FA840C68FA04FAB5" box="[1386,1436,1297,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF170C4CFCF4FAD1" authority="C. Felder, R. Felder &amp; Rogenhofer, 1875" authorityName="C. Felder, R. Felder &amp; Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1875" box="[249,876,1332,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF170C4CFE13FAD0" box="[249,395,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Botys fugalis</emphasis>
C. Felder, R.
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FDC10C4DFCF4FAD1" author="Felder, C. &amp; Felder, R. &amp; Rogenhofer, A. F." box="[559,876,1332,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refId="ref7022" refString="Felder, C., Felder, R. &amp; Rogenhofer, A. F. (1875) Heterocera. In: Felder, C., Felder, R. &amp; Rogenhofer, A. F. (Eds.), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. 2 (2), Lepidoptera. Heft 5 (Schluss). Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, pp. 1 - 20, pls. 121 - 140." type="journal volume" year="1875">Felder &amp; Rogenhofer, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy), but is distinct by the presence of a sclerotised gnathos and gnathos arms, which are absent in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FCA50C20FB1DFAEC" authority="(Whalley 1963)" baseAuthorityName="Whalley" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[843,1157,1368,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Oenogenes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FCA50C20FC5FFAED" box="[843,967,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Oenogenes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF153CC0992E4C57FC390C21FBE5FAEC" author="Whalley, P. E. S." box="[983,1149,1368,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="395 - 453" refId="ref8635" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. (1963) A revision of the world species of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 13 (11), 395 - 453, pls. 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1963">Whalley 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In the male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FF790C05FE8DFA08" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,277,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Endotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FF790C05FE8DFA08" box="[151,277,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Endotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the saccular process is always present, and may be free or fused with the valva. The uncus is either slightly bulbous at the apex or modified into a ‘T’-shaped apex. In the female genitalia, at least one signum is always present (except in
<taxonomicName id="0C843AB2992E4C57FE8B0CBCFDE4FA40" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[357,636,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Rhisina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncticostalis">
<emphasis id="F9F09D23992E4C57FE8B0CBCFDB8FA40" box="[357,544,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">E. puncticostalis</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>