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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29510" ID-GBIF-Dataset="17a988bc-106e-4cd5-af88-8a606353b34f" ID-PMC="PMC6255853" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-797-19" ID-PubMed="30505161" ID-ZBK="A5403588F43D40FF81EE2009E49823B4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-797-19" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 797" ModsDocTitle="A revision of dragon millipedes IV: the new genus Spinaxytes, with the description of nine new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)" checkinTime="1542677994046" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Enghoff, Henrik, Likhitrakarn, Natdanai &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2018" docId="D10F18D5012CE22BE1CEF631C05ADFE6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 797: 19-69" docOrigin="ZooKeys 797" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29510" docTitle="Spinaxytes tortioverpa Srisonchai, Enghoff &amp; Panha, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="97E5F638-2A4D-4834-B93C-838548BAD087" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="7C43FFACB225AA2193482143FFF2FF98" masterDocTitle="A revision of dragon millipedes IV: the new genus Spinaxytes, with the description of nine new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="19" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1542677994046" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668166441925" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of dragon millipedes IV: the new genus Spinaxytes, with the description of nine new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Srisonchai, Ruttapon</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Enghoff, Henrik</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Likhitrakarn, Natdanai</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number>797</mods:number>
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149736179" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:97E5F638-2A4D-4834-B93C-838548BAD087" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D10F18D5012CE22BE1CEF631C05ADFE6" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/97E5F638-2A4D-4834-B93C-838548BAD087" authority="Srisonchai, Enghoff &amp; Panha" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Spinaxytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinaxytes tortioverpa" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortioverpa">Spinaxytes tortioverpa Srisonchai, Enghoff &amp; Panha</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="19">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1; 4R, S; 5H; 26
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Holotype. ♂, MALAYSIA, Perak State, Ipoh City, Gua Tempurung, limestone mountain,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="4.416111">4°24'58&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="101.18778">101°11'16&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, ca. 92 m a.s.l., 27 Sep. 2007, B. W. Ng and ASRU members leg. (CUMZ-pxDGT00219). Paratypes. 1 ♂, 1 ♂ gonopods missing, 1 ♀, same data as for holotype (CUMZ-pxDGT00220).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">The name is a noun in apposition, from the Latin tortio meaning torsion and verpa for penis, refers to the distal part of gonopod (postfemoral part, solenophore and solenomere) which makes a 90 degrees torsion relative to the femoral part.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Male femora without modification; collum with 4+4 tubercles in anterior row, 1+1 tubercles in intermediate row and 2+2 tubercles in posterior row. Similar in these respects to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hasta" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="hasta">S. hasta</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. palmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="palmata">S. palmata</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but differs from them by having: a completely bilobed sternal lobe between male coxae 4; postfemoral part, solenophore and solenomere angled 90 degrees with femoral part; lamina lateralis with two lobes - the lateral one spine-like, the mesal one shorter and ridge-like; solenomere very long, longer than lamina medialis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">SIZE. Length 28-30 mm (male), 30-33 mm (female); width of midbody metazona 2.0 mm (male), 2.8 mm (female). Width of rings 2 = 3 = 4 &lt;head = 5-16, thereafter body gradually tapering towards telson.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Colour. Specimens in life with body black/brownish black. Colour in alcohol: after 10 years changed to brown; paraterga brownish white; antennae brown (except whitish distal part of antennomeres 7 and 8); head, collum, metaterga and prozona blackish brown; surface below paraterga brown/blackish brown; sterna, epiproct and legs pale brown; a few basal podomeres whitish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Antennae. Reaching to body ring 8 or 9 (male) and 6 or 7 (female) when stretched dorsally.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Collum. With three transverse rows of setiferous tubercles, 4+4 tubercles in anterior row, 1+1 tubercles in intermediate row and 2+2 tubercles in posterior row; anterior margin truncate; with one inconspicuous setiferous notch at lateral margin; paraterga wing-like, long and broad, tip sharp, elevated at ca. 15°-20° in both male and female, directed caudolaterad.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Tegument. Quite dull; collum, metaterga and surface below paraterga finely microgranulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Metaterga. With two transverse rows of setiferous tubercles/cones and spines; metaterga 2-8 with 2+2 cones in anterior row and 2+2 spines in posterior row; metaterga 9-19 with 2+2 tubercles/cones in anterior row and 2+2 spines in posterior row; mesal spines of posterior row bigger and longer than lateral ones, gradually reduced in length and size on posterior rings.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Paraterga. Very long; directed dorsolaterad on body rings 2-17, elevated at ca. 65°-70° (male) 60°-70° (female), directed increasingly caudad on body rings 18 and 19. Ozopore visible in dorsolateral view.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Telson. Epiproct quite short; tip subtruncate; lateral setiferous tubercles inconspicuous; apical tubercles inconspicuous. Hypoproct subsemicircular; caudal margin round, with inconspicuous setiferous tubercles.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Sterna (Figure 4R). Sternal lobe between male coxae 4 completely divided into two lobes, long, spine-like; tips in situ directed ventrad; posterior surface a bit swollen, bearing 2 pores.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Legs (Figure 4S). Male femora without modification.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Gonopods (Figs 5H, 26). Coxa subequal in length to femur. Prefemoral part about 2/3 as long as femur. Femur quite enlarged distally. Postfemoral part large, broad and wide; angled 90 degrees with femur. Mesal sulcus and lateral sulcus wide. Solenophore smaller than postfemoral part: lamina lateralis apparently with two lobes demarcated from each other; lateral lobe very long, process-like, its tip in situ directed ventrad; mesal lobe short and wide, supporting solenomere: lamina medialis long, base not enlarged, tip directed mesad. Solenomere obviously longer than lamina medialis, circular in transverse section, curving down, tip directed laterad.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Known only from the type locality which is currently a tourist attraction (cave). We regard this species as endemic to Malaysia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A photograph of a live specimen was not taken during the field survey, but our collector noticed its black or brownish black colour. All specimens were seen crawling on rock walls where they seem to blend perfectly with the substrate. No variation in morphological characters was found.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Figure 17.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Spinaxytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinaxytes krabiensis" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krabiensis">Spinaxytes krabiensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratype, CUMZ-pxDGT00212 - right gonopod A lateral view B mesal view C ventral view D mesodorsal view E dorsal view F laterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Figure 18. Photographs of live
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Spinaxytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinaxytes macaca" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macaca">Spinaxytes macaca</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and habitat A ♂ paratype, CUMZ-pxDGT00214 B mating couple C habitat.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.60048" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e549ca7-b560-4019-bb67-d046954ce8d8" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-81-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7CDB3C363F165633A9BD4500AB9D077B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4584293" ID-ZooBank="53B8A0C787824FC5BDC1F0EA8DCF0AD4" ModsDocID="1314-2607-81-57" checkinTime="1614373143676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lucena, Daercio A. A., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. &amp; Zanella, Fernando C. V." docDate="2021" docId="D10F30CACB5656E390E08AA385AE6508" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 81: 57-85" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81" docPubDate="2021-02-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.60048" docTitle="Amisega flavipes Kimsey 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="7CDB3C363F165633A9BD4500AB9D077B" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="7CDB3C363F165633A9BD4500AB9D077B" masterDocTitle="Amiseginae and Cleptinae from northeastern Brazil, with the description of four new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1678755218469" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Amiseginae and Cleptinae from northeastern Brazil, with the description of four new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lucena, Daercio A. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-3775</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas (LBCA), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">daerciobio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Eduardo A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas (LBCA), Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zanella, Fernando C. V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Integracao Latino-Americana - UNILA, Avenida Tancredo Neves, 6731, 85867 - 970, Foz do Iguacu, PR, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="179918111" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D10F30CACB5656E390E08AA385AE6508" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D10F30CACB5656E390E08AA385AE6508" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="CSQL" LSID="D10F30CA-CB56-56E3-90E0-8AA385AE6508" authority="Kimsey, 1987" authorityName="Kimsey" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Amisega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amisega flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Amisega flavipes Kimsey, 1987</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amisega flavipes Kimsey, male (Brazil: Bahia, Jequie) A lateral habitus B head and mesosoma, antero-dorsal view C dorsal habitus D head, frontal view E metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.5 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.81.60048.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/513916" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimsey" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Amisega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amisega flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Amisega flavipes</taxonomicName>
Kimsey, 1987: 67. Holotype ♀ (USU: not examined). BRAZIL: Bahia, Encruzilhada.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1975-11" collectorName="M Alvarenga" country="Brazil" location="Encruzilhada" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
;
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Bahia">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D10F30CACB5656E390E08AA385AE6508:2B853044F43ED1746B4AA5020CFCFCE7" country="Brazil" name="Encruzilhada" stateProvince="Bahia">Encruzilhada</location>
;
<collectingDate value="1975-11">xi.1975</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>M Alvarenga</collectorName>
; BME
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01" collectorName="Antunes" country="Brazil" location="Jequie" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Bahia">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D10F30CACB5656E390E08AA385AE6508:2B080224AF44FA00883491C44574448D" country="Brazil" name="Jequie" stateProvince="Bahia">Jequie</location>
</normalizedToken>
;
<collectingDate value="2016-01">i.2016</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Antunes</collectorName>
RCL; RPSP
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Brazil, BA: Encruzilhada,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
This species can be readily distinguished from other species of the northeastern Brazil by the following combination of characters: scapal basin cross-ridged; dark brown antenna, clypeus, mandible, and metaleg; and lack of distinct striation on vertex and dorsum of mesosoma (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amisega flavipes Kimsey, male (Brazil: Bahia, Jequie) A lateral habitus B head and mesosoma, antero-dorsal view C dorsal habitus D head, frontal view E metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.5 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.81.60048.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/513916" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">3C-E</figureCitation>
). In the original description,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1987/97063" author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="57 - 76" refId="B31" refString="Kimsey, LS, 1987. New genera and species of Neotropical Amiseginae (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Psyche 94: 57 - 76, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/1987/97063" title="New genera and species of Neotropical Amiseginae (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1987/97063" volume="94" year="1987">Kimsey (1987</bibRefCitation>
: 67) cited F1 length 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
breadth, with the male interpreted as identical. The analyzed specimen from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié-BA">Jequie-BA</normalizedToken>
has comparatively shorter F1 (length 2.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
breadth), and a distinct medial pit on anterior declivity of pronotum (not cited in the original description). All other diagnostic characters described for
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. flavipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are identical with this specimen. This species has been recorded in a transition area between Caatinga and Atlantic rainforest. The Encruzilhada county is in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Sul-Baiano”">&quot;Sul-Baiano&quot;</normalizedToken>
highlands, on altitudes above 600 m, with milder climate than usual in the Caatinga (
<bibRefCitation author="Queiroz, LP" journalOrPublisher="Springer International Publishing" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" publicationUrl="https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/bibliotecacatalogo?id=217129&amp;view=detalhes" refId="B54" refString="1983. . https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/bibliotecacatalogo?id=217129&amp;view=detalhes" title="Projeto RADAMBRASIL. Rio de Janeiro: Folhas SF." url="https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/bibliotecacatalogo?id=217129&amp;view=detalhes" year="1983">Radambrasil 1983</bibRefCitation>
). The new record herein presented for
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
is only 207 km north of the previous record, and in spite of having a lower altitude and warmer and drier climate than the type locality, still in the transition zone between the Atlantic rainforest and Caatinga. The taxonomic conclusions about this species are based on the original description and by examination of a male paratype from Bahia: Encruzilhada (BME), and a male recently collected in Bahia:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
(RPSP).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4584301" doi="10.3897/jhr.81.60048.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/513916" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimsey" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Amisega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amisega flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Amisega flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kimsey, male (Brazil: Bahia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequié">Jequie</normalizedToken>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, antero-dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
dorsal habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A, C</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B, D, E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
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<treatment id="D10F5FD3C293222E1704E2772CDC1D5B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231522952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D10F5FD3C293222E1704E2772CDC1D5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D10F5FD3C293222E1704E2772CDC1D5B" lastPageNumber="1025" pageNumber="1025" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000314">
<subSubSection id="BB21B99399F9D5DF5DB2CD2D05F0BC7F" pageNumber="1025" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="80026D5BB5E4B6439D69854A255C6223" pageNumber="1025">
<taxonomicName id="7A23339588A2B4D724ED74B18B164C51" ID-CoL="454QB" authority="Thomas 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1025" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="58ADDBCF5152739192A4C0E4D0631428" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Myodes regulus</emphasis>
Thomas 1906
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08E0E345955A12FDC169182C07EE7294" pageNumber="1025" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="02ED0B7C79795CFEFC4F77A88D10F442" pageNumber="1025">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC223ACA0BB3677A9B91F602A30BF1E" author="Thomas" authority="Thomas 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="863" pageNumber="1025" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus" title="Myodes regulus" volume="1906" year="1906">
<taxonomicName id="A4B8C8A1A7CC0A0A97FAEAC87510119F" ID-CoL="454QB" authority="Thomas 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1025" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="92CA2E9B45D3E277A2153FE90F398F53" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Myodes regulus</emphasis>
Thomas 1906
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="1ECF03762727418BB9F6ECA5D9641377" author="Thomas" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." pageNumber="1025" pagination="863" title="Myodes regulus" volume="1906" year="1906">Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1906: 863</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A2E5B9CAED73872A8EBB5C03E9B3E5F" pageNumber="1025" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7D6CFA5CF98C87C6F2BCB45D6E13D362" pageNumber="1025">
<emphasis id="AA89525CE0C1B798061B4C6F6F697E6B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1025">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="C13575C00A5DFE96045DBE9607F4319C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286699" country="South Korea" pageNumber="1025" stateProvince="Seoul">
<collectingCountry id="BBB5D30F2C6E5137BEA4A0A326076802" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
, Mingyong,
<quantity id="D5D48311730D02C40F2164A38E56619D" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7702784" unit="mi" value="110.0">110 mi</quantity>
(
<quantity id="C87C302B15F3A7A4A901CAE795D13590" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" unit="km" value="177.0">177 km</quantity>
) SE
<collectingRegion id="B2F47C55A65E11BFB0F19CB3646446AC" country="South Korea" name="Seoul">Seoul</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="954C0D80BC92F9E35947B256827E011C" pageNumber="1025" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="4E37001ACBCED2F030917978EB6473EC" pageNumber="1025">
<emphasis id="75FA8AFD12F71DC01B265C9AD15C81EA" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1025">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0708D5730843CF55C240783CA16AA050" language="eng" pageNumber="1025">Korean Red-backed Vole</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8286ED32B5129495ADE90CF42BC4F48" pageNumber="1025" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1E06BD403B705CBAA83ECB95AD76947A" pageNumber="1025">
<emphasis id="1A3C1D4B5F23F418C05A6957D5B7AFA0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1025">Distribution:</emphasis>
Korean Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="6BBA8D84EF3E2ABACAB5F4E443F4E6B6" author="Won, C. &amp; K. G. Smith" refId="ref393193" refString="Won, C., and K. G. Smith. 1999. History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29 (1): 3 - 33." year="1999">Won and Smith, 1999</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="6B937F339234A583B6EB4F5B20FF4583" baseAuthorityName="Kaneko" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F7E15632A858C881718677436A3F1F8C" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Eothenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65FA119CAAE364A91CB1E970949CBF23" pageNumber="1025" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="F85B38FE2D2D3C8913FCB9DF1EC45B3D" pageNumber="1025">
<emphasis id="D7C67612552E0E51118475F82067A371" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1025">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="5D4FDE024EA5830386DAFEC7DB7E4FD4">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (lc) as
<taxonomicName id="E04D31254F508A47C27157A90C1F2AFD" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="525C97131619164F26B31BD69C7CC13F" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Eothenomys regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DB942990D627CCD986747E645D4320F" pageNumber="1025" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="34403A4B6FEB8A2178B97AA1F79BBA09" pageNumber="1025">
<emphasis id="977366CB229BBA5D734DAD764D2666B5" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1025">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="E9690A899BA1BF6C2D5E85242A82A1E8" pageNumber="1025">
Usually included in
<taxonomicName id="588A0551C9A64DDD30DAB98D920D6E33" baseAuthorityName="Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocanus">
<emphasis id="7FADC467B416DD7DCEF72F0CF583466F" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. rufocanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G. M. Allen, 1940;
<bibRefCitation id="E9861EB74AC05A669720EF5A8DB0A0F2" author="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AB3A4297E56F380B98DD3F90E875B151" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; I. Ya. Polyakov" refId="ref130339" refString="Gromov, I. M., and I. Ya. Polyakov. 1977. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom 3, vyp. 8 [Fauna of the USSR, vol. 3, pt. 8, Mammals]. Polevki [Voles (Microtinae)]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 504 pp. (in Russian)." year="1977">Gromov and Polyakov, 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C7AEECA8C99AA58E5DAEC37D3F1C32B2" author="Hinton, M. A. C." refId="ref154024" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1926 a. Monograph of the voles and lemmings (Microtinae) living and extinct. Volume 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, 488 pp." year="1926">
Hinton, 1926
<emphasis id="CA1C7E5223E0D316C70E5E50B55B816F" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; also see references in
<bibRefCitation id="503668B723258C02826CDDF3ECD1CC77" author="Kaneko, Y." refId="ref179677" refString="Kaneko, Y. 1990. Identification and some morphological characters of Clethrionomys rufocanus and Eothenomys regulus from USSR, Northeast China, and Korea in comparison with C. rufocanus from Finland. Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan, 14: 129 - 148." year="1990">Kaneko, 1990</bibRefCitation>
) but treated as a separate species by
<bibRefCitation id="C95E0100DEAD5B1B069DE1AF341B69A9" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
Corbet (1978
<emphasis id="6899FF44FBF1AB28A06BECC24CFC0C8F" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">c</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. In a study of red-backed voles from
<collectingCountry id="B4C7E728A2F8F151406957D37655207D" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
, NE
<collectingCountry id="4A6AD6CD82512E731C45D8EA2AB3E7EE" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F44C4F798B05AB0D279A75ED18305718" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="51F70AA5B42BDBFFCDE5E052C451C445" author="Kaneko, Y." refId="ref179677" refString="Kaneko, Y. 1990. Identification and some morphological characters of Clethrionomys rufocanus and Eothenomys regulus from USSR, Northeast China, and Korea in comparison with C. rufocanus from Finland. Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan, 14: 129 - 148." year="1990">Kaneko (1990)</bibRefCitation>
thoroughly documented morphological distinctions between
<taxonomicName id="CAA0C8405C865F99F6021D9CA52F125E" baseAuthorityName="Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocanus">
<emphasis id="129C9B5115486CF4C99E5AEA8AC5F632" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. rufocanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="73386D120D43071DA2F7F374B5BC81EC" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="E3FF67AF15599AB68663C9B7D638BE7B" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considering the latter to be a Korean endemic and suggesting (p. 129) that &quot;the true geographical demarcation line between the two species lies on the western and southern boundary of the Kaima Plateau,
<collectingCountry id="9A08B8F1EE261055803A7BBB01C820FA" name="North Korea">North Korea</collectingCountry>
.&quot; Kaneko also discovered that adult and old
<taxonomicName id="718C22D9FD5EDD0150DC764B5A9A6BED" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="FA896BDA5AB2D54CDD2E0F95DABD08D9" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack molar roots, a key character for separating
<taxonomicName id="1E9664593966D15DA373AACE1C94CD3C" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="701C8449DF14C85037D33A07ACBF8346" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Myodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="B29290A727BEDB4C37DB278722FB4755" baseAuthorityName="Kaneko" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5840E58DE4BB7709A7F24008C92ED89" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Eothenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and so transferred the Korean endemic to
<taxonomicName id="CA0E3460C66C764BF535D26419DD39E2" baseAuthorityName="Kaneko" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="824D004DDB75A2EAC863C87F98F15C21" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Eothenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C61DC3B1709AFE6D69DAA0567912EB9F" pageNumber="1025">
Subsequent mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA analyses conclusively demonstrate that
<taxonomicName id="580BEB7D63AF112E7C7A546C3E5A5B83" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="C87903512EAE62E44BF0A8FD44971AA2" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct but phylogenetically close to
<taxonomicName id="39CE9F18FF573319EE3FA1F56A1CDDF6" baseAuthorityName="Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocanus">
<emphasis id="0BF9A1A5B66778CD1D73A9DDB5CFE9BA" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. rufocanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not typical
<taxonomicName id="959DC21CBCF484C5E446ABB7B887BA14" baseAuthorityName="Kaneko" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DA3D377B1C8A9632A21AEC8C0120B1DA" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Eothenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="30B77F6B6A947157FAE448CA1344444A" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; M. Iwasa &amp; M. Harada &amp; S. Wakana &amp; M. Sakaizumi &amp; S. - H. Han &amp; E. Kitahara &amp; Y. Kimura &amp; I. Kartavtseva &amp; K. Tsuchiya" refId="ref344927" refString="Suzuki, H., M. Iwasa, M. Harada, S. Wakana, M. Sakaizumi, S. - H. Han, E. Kitahara, Y. Kimura, I. Kartavtseva, and K. Tsuchiya. 1999 b. Molecular phylogeny of red-backed voles in Far East Asia based on variation in ribosomal and mitochrondrial DNA. Journal of Mammalogy, 80 (2): 512 - 521." year="1999">
Suzuki et al., 1999
<emphasis id="B645CE159E8630683053E3C482885B26" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, whose study included
<taxonomicName id="365FB5050EED7DD13FE471702A4C4B2F" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanogaster">
<emphasis id="D2E10325A68C4F1B72CB2C2CD07E3F45" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">melanogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the type species of
<taxonomicName id="6D48891C529D0AF0ED97EE2CA517F858" baseAuthorityName="Kaneko" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E36C68492082A356D2C6E92AA9BE8B89" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">Eothenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="79137EDB746A63EF0B18E7EC87234B66" author="Wakana, S. &amp; M. Sakaizumi &amp; K. Tsuchiya &amp; M. Asakawa &amp; S. H. Han &amp; K. Nakata &amp; H. Suzuki" refId="ref380347" refString="Wakana, S., M. Sakaizumi, K. Tsuchiya, M. Asakawa, S. H. Han, K. Nakata, and H. Suzuki. 1996. Phylogenetic implications of variations in rDNA and mtDNA in red-backed voles collected in Hokkaido, Japan, and in Korea. Mammal Study, 21: 15 - 25." year="1996">Wakana et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="38116C3B5F5FC8531FC8AD532AD38751" author="Wakana, S. &amp; M. Sakaizumi &amp; K. Tsuchiya &amp; M. Asakawa &amp; S. H. Han &amp; K. Nakata &amp; H. Suzuki" refId="ref380347" refString="Wakana, S., M. Sakaizumi, K. Tsuchiya, M. Asakawa, S. H. Han, K. Nakata, and H. Suzuki. 1996. Phylogenetic implications of variations in rDNA and mtDNA in red-backed voles collected in Hokkaido, Japan, and in Korea. Mammal Study, 21: 15 - 25." year="1996">Wakana et al. (1996:22)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the &quot;absence of rooting of the molars in the Korean vole … is a characteristic that may have developed within a short period of evolutional time in the Korean population.&quot; The G-banding pattern of
<taxonomicName id="42A03C551A82F578544D7E842208291A" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="8D0CBAFC2B6DC28FA4CABF59A1AA6887" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is &quot;essentially identical&quot; to that of
<taxonomicName id="F7855B513375AFEE0C8201F171FBE53D" baseAuthorityName="Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocanus">
<emphasis id="770F852045394AE52D4B955D656685F7" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. rufocanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both differing from
<taxonomicName id="D0CB5A14A7FCE13F94C457604420DCEA" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glareolus">
<emphasis id="7942D18C2903630DD748D338F1C7EB03" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. glareolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but Y-chromosome morphology implicates closer relationship between
<taxonomicName id="EA9C965E8ABAD19D387AF1448BF13FEB" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="AF41E341BA481DAF830B0F4418C0144B" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9A7F5F119592E44DE094D8BF503E9EC1" authority="(Iwasa et al., 1999 a)" baseAuthorityName="Iwasa" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithii">
<emphasis id="48214944818BC521A780F78542ED7A47" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. smithii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2234E205F369DF27AC250DC3ED454E41" author="Iwasa, M. A. &amp; S. H. Han &amp; H. Suzuki" refId="ref170003" refString="Iwasa, M. A., S. H. Han, and H. Suzuki. 1999 a. A karyological analysis of the Korean red-backed vole, Eothenomys regulus (Rodentia, Muridae), using differential staining methods. Mammal Study, 24: 35 - 41." year="1999">
Iwasa et al., 1999
<emphasis id="C2053C307170F9C11CD4CD00705493DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a Japanese vole also having unrooted molars. As understated by
<bibRefCitation id="0BC95EC047E98F35D506FBAC3A8559FF" author="Iwasa, M. A. &amp; S. H. Han &amp; H. Suzuki" refId="ref170003" refString="Iwasa, M. A., S. H. Han, and H. Suzuki. 1999 a. A karyological analysis of the Korean red-backed vole, Eothenomys regulus (Rodentia, Muridae), using differential staining methods. Mammal Study, 24: 35 - 41." year="1999">
Iwasa et al. (1999
<emphasis id="E162EDF2E553DA70CB4EF62D19984A40" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">a</emphasis>
:40)
</bibRefCitation>
, phylogenetic affinities among
<taxonomicName id="351AF4B8ADACABD7B1202742EE470271" baseAuthorityName="Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufocanus">
<emphasis id="1C1857650CCE23D1259404C8B9159C83" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">rufocanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A0FCA570631AB663FD1835F73655A39F" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="60A21AA641CC506149CF0A9C71BBE256" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="3A29A6053932423741DC802905A522A1" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithii">
<emphasis id="19F644501903488DE15B3FEF7F9DB6F6" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">smithii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;are extremely complicated.&quot; To this complicated mix must be added
<taxonomicName id="456F7884C6752714A7FA88460C211406" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shanseius">
<emphasis id="10EA111757031F4F5B02CDC6DC731646" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. shanseius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also rootless), which is so morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="669DF860208EFAF53FCF21BB906DB8DC" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="542660525637ACFFE7E10522C89E9F78" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that the same specimens have been variously identified as one or the other. They differ only in length of tail, interorbital breadth, and M3 occlusal patterns; as currently known, their distributions are allopatric, perhaps separated by the Liao He River in Liaoning Prov. (
<bibRefCitation id="8D2B627287C2BD622B0B3583138C6F82" author="Kaneko, Y." refId="ref179805" refString="Kaneko, Y. 1992 c. Identification and morphological characteristics of Clethrionomys rufocanus, Eothenomys shanseius, E. inez, and E. eva from the USSR, Mongolia, and northern and central China. Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan, 16: 71 - 95." year="1992">
Kaneko, 1992
<emphasis id="A0002777D474975BB7776BDCB76441E3" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). The genetic integrity of
<taxonomicName id="817E9AC5A111F9D0E0BE8C7970FD76DA" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regulus">
<emphasis id="D7CD0DA791067B004B8FCEDC736BD1DA" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. regulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
relative to
<taxonomicName id="5EA77DB0634DFD9EC16D96C6499552E6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shanseius">
<emphasis id="027951B59E4B77C760F2F8B92EB5249F" italics="true" pageNumber="1025">M. shanseius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
similarly warrants additional study
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="7D08F879A0E3D3B45B743F85527D1B1B" ID-CoL="ZJCF" ID-ENA="1118968" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Crisularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crisularia plumosa" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plumosa">Crisularia plumosa (Pallas, 1766)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E8890DF6A8EE9028B66830AF6552A2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0607C6214B14CB0B3F6ABD9E5ED056" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672">NIB</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6606EA5035126E71902A0A31DE57E8B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" type="notes">
<paragraph id="9582C27BD2039560C3CCD2A4FFC953F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C9F6C9C3DB633ACC21EC1F1ED6BBF74" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672">
<bibRefCitation id="5A46B9E7F8BB6B8CB8213CBDCD5ADB21" author="Hayward, P. J." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" pagination="369 - 402" title="Studies on the cheilostome bryozoan fauna of the Aegean island of Chios" volume="8" year="1974">Hayward 1974</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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