From f22b7721aa86c050f37d3097362cab5e200b757d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2024 18:43:50 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-09 18:38:47 --- .../D9/3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.xml | 994 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 994 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/3B/41/D9/3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.xml diff --git a/data/3B/41/D9/3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.xml b/data/3B/41/D9/3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..26e3fb7d84b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3B/41/D9/3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.xml @@ -0,0 +1,994 @@ + + + +Redescription of Malacosarcus macrostoma (Günther, 1878) from the abyssal zone off Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean (Beryciformes, Stephanoberycoidei, Stephanoberycidae) + + + +Author + +Su, Yo +0000-0002-3576-9229 +Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Lee, Mao-Ying +0000-0002-4643-3173 +Marine Fisheries Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Executive Yuen, Keelung, Taiwan + + + +Author + +Ho, Hsuan-Ching +0000-0003-1154-601X +Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan & Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-12-09 + + +1220 + + +93 +104 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1220.126580 +2A2C1821-2242-4E6F-9B0D-66F712953169 + + + + + +Malacosarcus macrostoma +( +Günther, 1878 +) + + + + + +Figs 1 +, +2 +, +3 +, +Tables 1 +, +2 English name: Large-mouth pricklefish Chinese name: 大口軟冠鯛 + + + + + + + +Scopelus macrostoma + +Günther, 1878: 186 +(type locality: Mid Pacific, + +0°33'S +, +154°34'W + +, depth 2,425 fathoms ( +4,435 m +). +Holotype +: +BMNH +1887.12. 7.11). + + + + + + + + +Malacosarcus macrostoma + + +: + +Günther 1887: 30 + +(new genus and new combination). + +Goode and Bean 1896: 182 + +(in part). + +Grey 1956: 191 + +(listed). + +Ebeling and Weed 1973: 416 + +(in part). + +Kotlyar 1996: 261 + +(in part). + +Kotlyar 2004: 2 + +(listed). + +Merrett and Moore 2005: 1708 + +(in part, compared to the new genus and species described). + +Mundy 2005: 301 + +(listed, Hawaiian Islands). + +Nonaka et al. 2021: 153 + +, fig. 9 B (in part, larval record from the Hawaiian Islands). + + + + + + +Stephanoberycidae + +sp.: + +Boehlert and Mundy 1992: 83 + +, fig. 4 (larval record from Hancock Seamount, Hawaiian Islands). + + + + + + + +Specimens examined. + + + +Taiwan +• + +ASIZP +73637 + +, +65.5 mm +SL +, +off southeastern Taiwan +, +Philippine Sea +, + +22°3'38.16"N +, +121°10'6.95"E + +, +R/V Ocean Researcher I +, sta. CP 413, +beam trawl +, depth + +4,412–4,458 m + +, + +12 Jun. 2008 + + +; + + +ASIZP +73644 + +, +55.7 mm +SL +, +off southeastern Taiwan +, +Philippine Sea +, + +22°7'32.15"N +, +122°5'35.87"E + +, +R/V Ocean Researcher I +, sta. CP 415, +beam trawl +, depth + +4,806–4,813 m + +, + +14 Jun. 2008 + + +; + + +ASIZP +73646 + +, +61.2 mm +SL +, +off southeastern Taiwan +, +Philippine Sea +, + +22°12'28.07"N +, +122°6'56.16"E + +, +R/V Ocean Researcher I +, sta. CP 415, +beam trawl +, depth + +4,801–4,813 m + +, + +15 Jun. 2008 + + +. All collected by +M.-Y. Lee. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +A species of +Stephanoberycidae +characterized by the absence of dorsal-and anal fin-spines (vs fin spines present in other genera, sometimes absent in + +Acanthochaenus + +); 11–12 anal-fin rays (vs +9–10 in + +Acanthochaenus + +); GRI 7–8 + 1 + 15–19 = 23–27 (vs 5–7 + 1 + 13–14 = +19–21 in + +Abyssoberyx + +and 12–15 + 1 + 24–27 = +37–40 in + +Stephanoberyx + +); lateral line forms flaps in approximately 42–46 vertical rows (vs lateral line without distinct vertical flaps in + +Acanthochaenus + +and + +Stephanoberyx + +); vertebrae 10 + 20–21 = 30–31 (vs 10–11 + 21–23 = +32–34 in + +Abyssoberyx + +); body scales cycloid and deciduous (vs body scales ctenoid and adherent in + +Acanthochaenus + +and + +Stephanoberyx + +); and origin of pelvic fin situated nearer to pectoral fin than to anal fin (vs pelvic fin situated nearer to anal fin than to pectoral fin in + +Acanthochaenus + +). + + + + +Description of Taiwanese specimens. + + +Meristic and morphometric data are provided in Tables +1 +and +2 +. + + + + + + +Meristic characters of + +Malacosarcus macrostoma +( +Günther, 1878 +) + +. Paired-fin characters are presented as left / right whenever available. Abbreviations: GRI – IV = gill rakers on first to fourth arches. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +ASIZP +73637 + +ASIZP +73644 + +ASIZP +73646 +
Dorsal-fin rays131314
Pectoral-fin rays13 / 1212 / 1312 / 13
Pelvic-fin rays6 / 55 / 54 / 4
Anal-fin rays111211
Caudal-fin rays +N / A +9 + 10 + 9 + 109 + 10 + 9 + 11
GRI8 + 1 + 16 = 257 + 1 + 15 = 238 + 1 + 18 = 27
GRII6 + 1 + 17 = 246 + 1 + 15 = 227 + 1 + 17 = 25
GRIII3 + 1 + 14 = 183 + 1 + 14 = 183 + 1 + 14 = 18
GRIV1 + 1 + 10 = 122 + 0 + 11 = 131 + 1 + 12 = 14
Pseudobranchial filaments +N / A +56
Lateral-line flapsca 46 +N / A +ca 42
Vertebrae10 + 20 = 3010 + 20 = 3010 + 21 = 31
+ + + + + + +Morphometric characters of + +Malacosarcus macrostoma +( +Günther, 1878 +) + +. Abbreviations: A = anal-fin; C = caudal-fin; D = dorsal-fin; +HL += head length; +N / A += not available; P = pectoral-fin; +SL += standard length; V = pelvic-fin. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
- +ASIZP +73637 + +ASIZP +73644 + +ASIZP +73646 +
+SL +(mm) +65.555.761.2
+% +SL +
+HL +35.836.037.5
Head depth24.223.128.9
Predorsal length51.149.450.2
Prepectoral length38.239.740.5
Prepelvic length45.840.344.5
Preanal length59.751.358.1
Snout length7.89.19.0
Eye diameter7.67.38.2
Interorbital width12.5 +N / A +12.2
Forehead height5.9 +N / A +5.1
Postorbital length19.021.522.0
Upper-jaw length +N / A +24.924.0
Lower-jaw length25.626.327.0
D – P length18.014.016.2
D – V length19.818.924.9
Greatest body depth23.523.424.4
P length14.2 +N / A +16.3
V length7.1 +N / A + +N / A +
P – V length9.29.39.5
D – A length19.818.322.5
V – A length15.412.416.1
D length23.424.324.8
A length17.918.219.6
Postanal length28.026.928.1
Postdorsal length25.824.527.4
C length +N / A + +N / A +23.8
Caudal-peduncle height7.06.36.8
Longest gill raker8.17.89.5
Gill filament at angle1.00.50.8
+% +HL +
Head depth67.664.177.1
Snout length21.925.424.0
Eye diameter21.320.421.8
Interorbital width35.0 +N / A +32.5
Forehead height16.4 +N / A +13.7
Postorbital length53.159.758.8
Upper-jaw length +N / A +69.264.0
Lower-jaw length71.573.272.0
+ + +Dorsal-fin rays 13–14. Pectoral-fin rays 12–13 / 12 – 13. Pelvic-fin rays 4–6 / 4 – 5. Anal-fin rays 11–12. Principal caudal-fin rays 10 + 9, uppermost and lowermost rays unbranched; procurrent caudal-fin rays 9 and 10–11 on upper and lower lobes, respectively. GRI 7–8 + 1 + 15–18 = 23–27 (total); GRII 6–7 + 1 + 15–17 = 22–25; GRIII 3 + 1 + 14 = 18; GRIV 1–2 + 0–1 + 10–12 = 12–14. Pseudobranchial filaments 5–6 ( +n += 2). Lateral-line flaps in approximately 42–46 vertical rows. Vertebrae 10 + 20–21 = 30–31; branchiostegal rays 8. + + +Body slender, greatest depth +4.1–4.3 in +SL +; body laterally compressed. Head oval, length +2.7–2.8 in +SL +; its height +1.3–1.6 in +HL +; upper profile of head slightly rounded, with nearly straight profile to dorsal-fin origin; forehead slightly convex, its height +6.1–7.3 in +HL +; eye diameter +4.6–4.9 in +HL +; tip of snout rounded, extending slightly before premaxilla, its length +3.9–4.6 in +HL +; interorbital width +2.9–3.1 in +HL +. + + +Mouth oblique, upper-jaw length +1.4–1.6 in +HL +; posterior end of maxilla rounded, exceeding beyond vertical through posterior margin of eye; lower jaw slightly larger than upper jaw, length +1.4 in +HL +; its anterior tip protruding before upper jaw when closed. Two nostrils situated in front of eye; both at same horizontal through center of eye; both nostrils rounded and nearly same in size. No trace of nasal organs in all specimens (possibly shrunk during preservation). Symphysis of premaxillae notched and naked. Symphysis of dentaries forming single and blunt knob. Supramaxilla single, with needle-like process anteriorly and rectangular, slightly oval process posteriorly; its posterior tip in advance of tip of maxilla. + +Head skeletons and their ridges delicate. Opercle with one central ridge but not forming spine. Small spines on posteroventral margins of both inner and outer ridges of preopercle. Posttemporal ridge rounded, with small spines on its outer margin. Both premaxilla and dentary with villiform teeth on outer and medial surfaces. Palatine and vomer edentate. + +Gill rakers on outer face of all four arches rod-shaped and laterally compressed, their inner surfaces covered with small teeth; rakers on outer row of first arch longer than remainder, longest gill raker in 4.0– +4.6 in +HL +; rakers on inner surfaces of outer three arches absent or forming minute bumps; no tooth patches present between rakers on all four arches. Fourth gill arch largely attached to the wall leaving slit between arch and gill chamber. No tooth on fifth ceratobranchial. Oval, conical tooth patch on second epibranchial arch. Large, moon-shaped conical tooth patch on fourth pharyngobranchial. Gill filaments present on all four rakers. Gill filaments on first arch very short, +8.4–14.9 in +length of longest opposite rakers. Pseudobranch present, short and poorly developed. + +Body scales cycloid and deciduous, embedded under skin; those covered by pectoral fin smaller than rest. Lateral-line scales and abdominal scutes absent. No scales on gular region and isthmus. Cycloid scales present on cheek. + +Dorsal fin situated posteriorly, its origin about same vertical of anus. Pectoral-fin length +2.3–2.5 in +HL +; its origin at horizontal through ventral margin of eye; its tip reaching vertical through anus. Pelvic-fin length 5.0 in +HL +; its origin behind pectoral-fin base and tip reaching anus when adpressed. Anal-fin origin at vertical through fifth dorsal-fin ray; its posterior end at same vertical through that of dorsal fin. Caudal fin moderately small, forked. All fin rays delicate, with smooth surfaces. + + +Skins on surface of lateral line forming many vertical rows of flaps. Its main branch forming canal, originating behind and below posttemporal bone; its anterior portion gently curved down, becoming nearly straight on posterior portion. Anus situated immediately anterior to anal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle slender, with postdorsal and postanal length 1.4–1.5 and +1.3 in +HL +, respectively; its height +5.1–5.7 in +HL +. Light organs absent. + + + + +Coloration. + + +When fresh (Fig. +1 +), body pale and somewhat translucent; head and abdominal region uniformly black; all fins pale; lateral-line flaps forming vertical dark bands on lateral side of body. When preserved (Fig. +2 +), body and fins uniformly pale; oral cavity, including underside of tongue, inner face of operculum, and gill arches brown; gill rakers pale. + + + + + + +Fresh specimens of + +Malacosarcus macrostoma +( +Günther, 1878 +) +A +ASIZP + +73637, 65.5 mm +SL +, left-right reversed +B +ASIZP +73644, 55.7 mm +SL +, left-right reversed +C +ASIZP +73646, 61.2 mm +SL +. + + + + + + + +Preserved specimens of + +Malacosarcus macrostoma +( +Günther, 1878 +) +A +ASIZP + +73637, 65.5 mm +SL +B +ASIZP +73644, 55.7 mm +SL +C +ASIZP +73646, 61.2 mm +SL +. Photos by Y. - C. Hsu. + + + + + +Osteology + + + +(Fig. +3 +). + +Three supraneurals. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserts between eighth and ninth or seventh and eighth vertebra. Pleural ribs present on sixth to tenth vertebra; epineurals present. Anal-fin origin below twelfth vertebra. + + + + + + +X-radiographs of + +Malacosarcus macrostoma +( +Günther, 1878 +) +A +ASIZP + +73637, 65.5 mm +SL +B +ASIZP +73644, 55.7 mm +SL +C +ASIZP +73646, 61.2 mm +SL +. + + + + + +Size. + + +A rather small species, reported up to +8.9 cm +( +Günther 1878 +). + + + + +Distribution. + + +Known from specimens collected from the tropical central Pacific Ocean at depths +2,777 – 4,434.8 m +( +Günther 1878 +; +Ebeling and Weed 1973 +; +Mundy 2005 +). Our specimens were collected from the northwestern Pacific at depths + +4,412 +–4,813 +m + +(Fig. +4 +). + + + + + + +Distribution map of + +Malacosarcus macrostoma +( +Günther, 1878 +) + +. Data source: triangle = this study; star = type locality; circle = other records ( +Günther 1887 +; +Ebeling and Weed 1973 +; +Boehlert and Mundy 1992 +; +Nonaka et al. 2021 +); square = possible records ( +Jamieson et al. 2021 +). + + + + + \ No newline at end of file