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data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF65949FF7FFAB604C982F9.xml create mode 100644 data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF75974FF7FFE6C05E985C3.xml create mode 100644 data/63/40/4B/63404B709776FFB8FFDFFEB5D41AC079.xml create mode 100644 data/65/1A/87/651A8796FFC5FFDBFFADFB3AFCF1081B.xml diff --git a/data/03/9C/87/039C87A77302FFA2FF8FFA6FC57AFE67.xml b/data/03/9C/87/039C87A77302FFA2FF8FFA6FC57AFE67.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4050b435085 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/9C/87/039C87A77302FFA2FF8FFA6FC57AFE67.xml @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ + + + +The Genus Grasshoffia with the Description of a New Deep-water Species from the Northern Philippines (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea: Virgulariidae) + + + +Author + +Williams, Gary C. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-05-05 + + +64 + + +4 + + +95 +105 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155406 +0068-547X +13155406 + + + + + + + +Grasshoffia profundica +Williams + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +Figures 3-7. + + + + + + + +HOLOTYPE + + +.— +CASIZ 207514 +. + + + + + + +PARATYPE + + +.— +CASIZ 207515 + +. + + + + + +TYPE + + + + +LOCALITY + + +(Fig. 1).— +Balayan Bay +, +southwestern Luzon +, +Philippines +( +13.77283°N +, +120.8507°E +to +13.764167°N +, +120.85167°E +); station number HEPD-010; + +318–333 m +depth + +; 30 + + + +May 2011; G.C. Williams on board the research ship of the Philippine Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, + +M/ +V +DA-BFAR + +, during the 2011 +CAS +Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition; two partial specimens collected by beam trawl. + + + +HABITAT +AND + + +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Collected from muddy sea bottom in a north to south linear transect in the eastern part of Balayan Bay (Fig. 1), which represents the only known occurrence of the species. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— The specific epithet is derived from the Latin +profundus +(deep or of the depths), and the suffix +–icus +(belonging to), referring to the deep-sea habitat of the +holotype +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/9C/87/039C87A77302FFA3FE1BFB5AC21DFA0C.xml b/data/03/9C/87/039C87A77302FFA3FE1BFB5AC21DFA0C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5ad6bd50972 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/9C/87/039C87A77302FFA3FE1BFB5AC21DFA0C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + +The Genus Grasshoffia with the Description of a New Deep-water Species from the Northern Philippines (Octocorallia: Pennatulacea: Virgulariidae) + + + +Author + +Williams, Gary C. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-05-05 + + +64 + + +4 + + +95 +105 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155406 +0068-547X +13155406 + + + + + + + +Grasshoffia +Williams, 2015 + + + + + + + + + + +Grasshoffia +Williams, 2015:41 + + +. + + + + +GENERIC + + +DIAGNOSIS + +(modified from +Williams, 2015:41 +).— Virgulariid sea pens; polyp leaves funnel-shaped and rolled or ovate and flattened; 10–26 autozooids per polyp leaf; sclerites of polyp leaves slightly three-flanged rods with parallel lateral sides and ends triangular or truncate, 0.02– +0.08 mm +in length (modified from +Williams, 2015:41 +). + + + + + + + +TYPE + + + + +SPECIES + + +.— + +Grasshoffia virgularioides +Williams, 2015 + + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF83FF913C2C665BFBE0758A.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF83FF913C2C665BFBE0758A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..428e19d6fd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF83FF913C2C665BFBE0758A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Minutotrechus minutus +( +Uéno, 1997 +) + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 11 +, +46–48 +) + + + + + + + +Stevensius minutus + +Uéno, 1997:182 + + + +. +Holotype +, a female, in NMST. Type locality: +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong + + + + +Shan +, +Tengchong County +, +Dabei +, + +2430 m + +. + +Minutotrechus minutus +(Uéno) + + + +NEW + + +COMBINATION + + + +. + + + + +FIGURE +11. + +Minutotrechus minutus +(Uéno) + +; a. Dorsal habitus (paratype). scale line = 1.0 mm; b. Map of locality records (red circle) for + +M. minutus + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a = 0.5mm, b = 100 km. + + + + + +NOTES +ON +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— We have not had an opportunity to study the +holotype +of this species, but we have examined a +paratype +female deposited in IOZ. Features noted below are based on our examination of that +paratype +and Uéno’s orginal description. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 11a +), the only known species in this new genus, can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the combination of character states noted in the generic diagnosis. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— According to +Uéno (1997) +specimens of the +type +series were collected at an elevation of +2430 m +in a dense + +Rhododendron + +forest by sifting moist leaf litter accumulations on the ground. He also noted that many specimens of “ + +Trechus asetosus +Uéno + +” (1997) were also collected in the same litter samples. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 11b +. +This +species is known only from the +six female +specimens of the +type +series collected at the +type +locality, in +Tengchong County +, high on the western slope of the southern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Core Area +6 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +This species currently is known only from the +type +locality in the southern part of the +Gaoligong Shan +, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF83FF9F3D1861FAFEE1715D.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF83FF9F3D1861FAFEE1715D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f59c26aa138 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF83FF9F3D1861FAFEE1715D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Genus + +Minutotrechus +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +gen. nov. + + + + + + + + +TYPE + +SPECIES + +.— + +Stevensius minutus +Uéno, 1997 + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +GENUS +GROUP +NAME + +.— The genus group name (masculine) is a combination of the Latin adjective, + +minutus + +, meaning very small, and the generic name, + +Trechus + +, in reference to the small size of members of this genus. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this genus ( +Fig. 11a +) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size small (BL = +2.7 to 2.9 mm +), apterous, body color brown to black; head large with small but protruding eyes, their diameter shorter than length of tempora; mandibles short, obtusely bidentate, mentum and submentum at least partial fused, labial suture partially perceptible, mentum with medial tooth truncate; pronotum small, cordate, narrow (ratio PW/PL = 1.25), very convex, globulose, glabrous, basal angles small and subrectangular, slightly obtuse, with basal margin broadly lobate, basal area convex, both midlateral and basolateral setae present; elytra ovoid and markedly convex, with discal striae 2 to 8 striae effaced, stria 1 deeply impressed and punctate, both anterior and middle discal setae present, preapical seta absent, lateral groove abruptly terminated anteriorly at humerus; legs short, protibiae without longitudinal furrows. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— This new genus is known from only +six female +specimens that were originally assigned by +Uéno (1997) +to genus + +Stevensius +Jeannel (1923) + +of the eastern Himalayan region. However, they can be distinguished from members of that genus by their smaller head size, protibiae without longitudinal furrows, pronotum more cordate and with basal angles smaller and basal margin broadly lobate and elytra with the lateral groove abruptly terminated anteriorly at humerus. + +Minutotrechus + +appears to be more closely related to + +Hubeitrechus +Deuve (2005) + +, but its members can be distinguished from those of the latter in having the mentum and submentum at least partial fused, the mandibular teeth short and obtuse, the pronotum with the median basal area more convex and basal margin broadly lobate and without margination, and lateral groove abruptly terminated at the humerus. Because no male specimens of + +Minutotrechus + +have been collected to date, we do not know if male protarsomeres 1 and 2 are elongate as in males of + +Hubeitrechus + +or broad as in + +Stevensius + +males. Members of this new genus can also be compared with those of + +Uenoites +Belousov and Kabak (2016) + +, from which they differ in having the right mandible obtusely bifid (tridentate in + +Uenoites + +members), the protibiae without longitudinal furrows (longitudinal furrows present in + +Uenoites + +members), the mentum and submentum at least partial fused (not fused in + +Uenoites + +members), elytra with only two discal setae (three or more discal setae present in + +Uenoites + +members), the preapical seta absent (present in + +Uenoites + +members) and the lateral groove abruptly terminated at humerus (gradually narrowed anterior to humerus in + +Uenoites + +members). + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +This genus currently is known only from the +type +species, which is known only from the southern part of the +Gaoligong Shan region +of western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF87FF9F3C2C60AAFBE07623.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF87FF9F3C2C60AAFBE07623.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3c4e599c24b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF87FF9F3C2C60AAFBE07623.xml @@ -0,0 +1,516 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Agonotrechus xiaoheishan +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 9 +, +16a +, +44 +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1036866”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Longling County +, +Longjiang Township +, + +Xiaoheishan Forest Reserve, +N + +24.83671°/ +E098.76185° +,”/ “ + +2067 m + +, + +28 May 2005 + +, Stop# HBL-05-19, +H.B. Liang +, +H.M. Yan +& +K.J. Gao +collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Agonotrechus xiaoheishan +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(a total of 13): +2 males +and +7 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled same as +holotype +except first label “CASENT 1036874”, “CASENT 1036875”, “CASENT 1036867”, “CASENT 1036868”, “CASENT 1036869”, “CASENT 1036870”, “CASENT 1036871”, “CASENT 1036872” and “CASENT 1036873”, respectively + +; + +1 male +and +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled “CASENT 1036863” and “CASENT 1036864”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Longling County +, +Longjiang Township +, + +Xiaoheishan Forest Reserve, Guchengshan, + +2020 + + +m, +N24.82888° +/ +E098.76001° +,”/ “ + +28 May 2005 + +, Stop# 2005-033B, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +D.Z. Dong +& +J.L. Yang +collectors” + +; + +2 females +(in +CAS +) labeled “CASENT 1031915” and “CASENT 1031916”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Longling County +, +Longjiang Township +, + +Xiaoheishan Forest Reserve, Guchengshan, + +2020 + + +m, +N24.82888° +/ +E098.76001° +,”/ “ + +28 May 2005 + +, Stop# 2005-033C, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, +H.B. Liang +, +D.Z. Dong +, +H.M. Yan +& +K.J. Guo +collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Agonotrechus xiaoheishan +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Longling County +, +Longjiang Township +, + +Xiaoheishan Forest Reserve, +N + +24.83671°/ +E098.76185° +, + +2067 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +xiaoheishan + +, is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the area in which the +holotype +was collected. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 9a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size medium (BL = +5.3 to 5.7 mm +), fully-winged, dorsum piceous to reddish brown and distinctly iridescent; head slender, eyes only moderately projected; clypeus with four setae; mentum and submentum fused, submentum with six setae; mandibles with two or three small setae along the dorsolateral margin of the scrobe; pronotum small and narrow (ratio PW/PL = 1.21), basal angles subrectangular, basal flattened area restricted; midlateral seta inserted at anterior one-fourth, basolateral seta at hind angle; elytra with all discal striae evident, deeply impressed and punctate, however striae 1 to 4 effaced or nearly so near base, parascutellar striole rather long, recurrent stria continuous anteriorly with stria 5, intervals convex, only a single discal seta (anterior seta) present, inserted at basal one-eighth of elytra in stria 3; median lobe of aedeagus of male ( +Fig. 9b +) short, with apex bent ventrally and bluntly pointed, endophallus with a spoon-shaped sclerite. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size medium, BL = +5.3 to 5.7 mm +. Color of dorsum piceous, shiny, iridescent, femora concolorous, tibiae, tarsi, antennae and mandibles paler reddish tan, palpi yellowish tan. + + +Head. Relatively slender, eyes only moderately projected, but nonetheless convex and with diameter twice length of tempora. Tempora not or only slightly convex, joined to neck region at ca. 120° angle. Frons slightly flattened, with two pairs of supraorbital setae, frontal furrows linear, distinct between the eyes, but effaced posterior to insertion of second supraorbital seta. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum slightly widened apically, apical margin slightly concave. Mandibles sharp, the right mandible ( +Fig. 16a +) bidentate with the anterior tooth spaced well forward of the posterior tooth and the left mandible with only a small subtriangular process, also with two or three small setae along the dorsolateral margin of the scrobe. +Mentum +and submentum fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth rather broad, with the apex either obtuse or truncate, less than one-half as long as lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae subapically, gula broad. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae long and slender, extended to (in females) or slightly beyond (in males) the middle of the elytra, with five or six antennomeres beyond the pronotal base; antennonmeres 3 and 4 virtually the same length and antennomere 2 slightly shorter. + + + +FIGURE +9. + +Agonotrechus xiaoheishan + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1036866). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1036866), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +A. xiaoheishan + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Pronotum. Relatively small, not or only slightly narrowed basally, only slightly transverse, ratio PW/PL = 1.21, widest at anterior one-third; lateral margins rectilinear in basal half, not sinuate except for a very slight and short inflexion just anterior to the basal angle, which is subrectangular and sharp; pronotal disc smooth, glabrous, moderately convex; median longitudinal impression very fine; basal foveae deep, basal flattened area rather small, delimited laterally by short but deep and oblique furrows. Lateral explanation slender and moderately reflexed in anterior two-thirds, then progressively broader in basal one-third without. Midlateral pair of setae inserted at anterior one-fifth and basolateral pair inserted at hind angles. +Elytra. Convex, large and broad, especially in relation to pronotum, elytral silhouette ovoid, about equally narrowed apically and basally, humeri evident but rounded. All discal striae evident, regular, deeply impressed and punctate, however striae 1 to 4 effaced or nearly so near base, parascutellar striole rather long, recurrent stria continuous anteriorly with discal stria 5, intervals convex, only a single discal seta (anterior seta) present, inserted at basal one-eighth near stria 3. Parascutellar setiferous pore present at base at common origin of discal striae 1 and 2. Anterior discal seta present, inserted at basal one-eighth of elytra in stria 3, which is effaced anterior to that point. Middle discal seta absent. Preapical seta present on interval 3 near stria 2 opposite the anterior edge of the subapical sinuation. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistant for each other and those of median group both inserted posterior to middle of elytra. +Legs. Slender but only moderately long. Protibiae furrowed. Male protarsi with tarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 9b +) short, with apex bent ventrally and bluntly pointed, endophallus with a spoon-shaped sclerite. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— Members of this new species are morphologically similar to those of + +Agonotrechus birmanicus +Bates (1892) + +, described from +Kachin State +in +Myanmar +, and + +Agonotrechus tenuicollis +Uéno (1986) + +, described from eastern +Nepal +. However, they can be distinguished from members of both of these other species by the following features: pronotum with anterior margin straight, not concave, anterior angles only faintly projected and more broadly rounded, and lateral borders more slender anteriorly and at middle; and apex of the median lobe of the male aedeagus narrower and more curved. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in and under rotting logs in dark, closed-canopy broadleaf evergreen forest ( +Fig. 44 +) at elevations ranging from +2020 to 2067 m +. Although members of no other + +Agonotrechus +species + +have been found syntopic with those of + +A. xiaoheishan + +, specimens of + +Trechus indicus + +were collected in the same samples. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 9c +. +We +examined a total of +14 specimens +( +4 males +and +10 females +), all from +Xiaoheishan Forest Reserve +in the southern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data) + +. + + +This species was recorded only from near the top of the western slope in the southern part of the study area (Core Area 6). Its known geographical range does not overlap with that of any other + +Agonotrechus +species + +, although + +A. yunnanus + +has been recorded from the adjacent Core Area 7 on the eastern slope of the Gaoligong +Shan +, +13.3 km +to the north. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +This species currently is known only from the +type +area in the southern part of the +Gaoligong Shan +, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + +FIGURE +10. + +Agonotrechus yunnanus +Uéno + +; Map of locality record (red circle) in the Gaoligong Shan region. + +Scale line = 100 km. + + +Gaoligong +Shan +in the northern part of Core Area 7. This area is not within the geographical range of any other + +Agonotrechus +species + +, although + +A. xiaoheishan + +has been recorded from the adjacent Core Area 6 on the western slope of the Gaoligong +Shan +, +13.3 km +to the south. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +This species currently is known only from the +type +locality in the southern part of the +Gaoligong Shan +, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF88FF963C2C60AAFC5F7265.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF88FF963C2C60AAFC5F7265.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cb89a206013 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF88FF963C2C60AAFC5F7265.xml @@ -0,0 +1,510 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +gongshanicus +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 13 +, +39a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1024868”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, on slope +NE of Chukuai Lake +, + +3950 m + +,”/ “ +N27.98206 +/ +E098.48027° +, + +20 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-086 +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +J. Wang +collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +gongshanicus +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(a total of 10): +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled same as +holotype +except first label “CASENT 1024866” and “CASENT 1024867”, respectively + +; + +1 male +and +1 female +(in +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: “CASENT 1025160” and “CASENT 1025161”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.75 km +NW of Chukuai Lake + +,”/ “ +N27.98631° +/ +E098.47069° +, + +21 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-095 +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, & +J. Wang +collectors” + +; + +1 male +and +3 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled “CASENT 1025935” and “CASENT 1025936” to “CASENT 1025938”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite, “ +N27.97686° +/ +E098.44779° +”/ “ + +3750 m + +, + +19-22 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-095C D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, +D.Z. Dong +, +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, & +J. Wang +collectors” + +; + +2 males +(in +CAS +, +MNHN +) labeled “CASENT 1026203” and “CASENT 1026204”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +NNE of Chukuai Lake + +, “ +N27.98393° +/ +E098.47491° +”/ “ + +3745 m + +, + +19 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-081 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, & +D.Z. Dong +collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +gongshanicus +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, + +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW + +slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, on slope +NE of Chukuai Lake +, +N27.98206 +/ +E098.48027° +, + +3950 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +gongshanicus + +, is derived from the name of the county (Xian) in which the +holotype +was collected, Gongshan, and the Latin adjectival suffix, +-icus +, meaning belonging to or pertaining to. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 13a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: same features as members of + +Q. griswoldi + +except, size smaller (BL = +3.5 to 3.8 mm +), body form short, with elytra, in particular, shorter and more oval, less elongate; digitiform projections of pronotal basal angles slightly more divergent laterally; elytral recurrent stria slightly deeper impressed, median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 13b +) markedly different, with shaft thin and straighter, abruptly bent basally, apex short and rectangular, endophallus with a single apically acuminate internal sclerite. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size smaller, BL = +3.5-3.8 mm +. Body color dark, reddish-piceous, antennae and legs reddish tan, palpi and tarsi paler, yellowish tan. + + +Head. Moderate in size; eyes small and convex, their convexity greater than and their diameter about as long as tempora, the latter moderately convex and glabrous. Frons not flattened; frontal furrows deep, rounded, slightly attenuated posterior to the eyes. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. +Mentum +and submentum fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth short, wide, bifid, less than one-half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae slightly shorter, with only two antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin, antennomeres slightly broadened, antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomeres 2 or 4. + +Pronotum. Cordate (ratio PW/PL = 1.15), markedly narrowed posteriorly, greatest width near anterior one-third, lateral margins rounded anteriorly, then straightened posteriorly just anterior to basal angles, the latter prolonged as slender, slightly divergent digitiform processes. Disc markedly convex, smooth and glabrous, median longitudinal impression only superficially impressed; basal foveae distinct but small and round; median basal area smooth and markedly transverse, delimited anteriorly by a faint transverse impression; basal margin convex and rounded. Lateral border of pronotum rudimentary, extremely slender, distinctly defined only in anterior one-third to one-half, effaced in posterior one-half to two –thirds. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted at anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted on basal angle at base of digitform process. + + +FIGURE +13. + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +gongshanicus + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1024868). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1024868), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +Q. gongshanicus + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Elytra. Short, ovoid, very slightly tear-shaped, narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, humeri effaced. Disc markedly convex and smooth. All discal striae effaced, except for a faintly impressed parascutellar striole and a short and shallow recurrent stria. Basal setiferous pore present. Three discal setae present, aligned along presumed track of stria 3. Preapicale seta absent, two or three apicoangular setules present. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other, with the first slightly more medially inserted than the others, setae of median group inserted distinctly posterior to middle. +Legs. Slightly short but slender. Protibiae with longitudinal furrow, glabrous or sparely pubescent apically on anterior surface. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 13b +) with shaft with shaft thin and straight, abruptly bent basally, apex short and rectangular, endophallus with a single long, apically acuminate internal sclerite. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in a variety of microhabitats in the alpine zone on the southwest slope of Kawakarpu +Shan +, at elevations ranging +3745 to 3950 m +. Specimens were collected from under stones in moist meadows, on tundra slopes and ridges with sparse to thick herbaceous vegetation, at the edges of small streams and seeps from talus slopes They were also collected in pitfall traps placed at the edges of + +Rhododendron + +thickets up to two meters tall. Members of this species have been found syntopic with specimens of + +Queinnectrechus +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli + +sp. nov. +, + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +griswoldi + +and + +Trechus gongshanensis + +sp. nov. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 13c +. +We +examined a total of +11 specimens +( +4 males +and +7 females +), all from the southwest slope of Kawakarpu + +Shan +in the northern part of the Gaoligong + +Shan +, in +Bingzhongluo Township +, +Gongshan County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). These localities are all in +Core Area +2 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8CFF903DF06191FCA6747E.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8CFF903DF06191FCA6747E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9d83546d6d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8CFF903DF06191FCA6747E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Subgenus + +Queinnectrechus +Deuve, 1992 + + + + + + + + + + +Queinnectrechus +Deuve, 1992a:354 + + +. + + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this subgenus ( +Figs. 12a +, +13a +) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size moderate (BL = +3.5 to 4.8 mm +), apterous, body dark, reddish brown to piceous, surface micaceous; pronotum with basal angles prolonged posteriorly as slender digitiform processes, with two setae (midlateral and basolateral) present on each side; elytra markedly convex, inflated, slightly tear-shaped, humeri effaced, elytral discal striae effaced, with two (in most members) or three (in a few members) discal setae present, aligned on interval 3 near stria 3, preapical seta absent from most members. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Same as for genus (see above). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8CFF953C2C644AFC5F712D.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8CFF953C2C644AFC5F712D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1e01ac64d50 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8CFF953C2C644AFC5F712D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,657 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +griswoldi +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 12 +, +37b +, +38a, 38b +, +39b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1026334”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +0.1 km +SE of Heipu Yakou + +in valley below tunnel, +N27.76978° +/ +E98.44681° +,”/ “ + +3720 m + +, + +13 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-073 D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +J.A. Miller +collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +griswoldi +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(a total of 20): +5 males +and +3 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled same as +holotype +except first label “CASENT 1026333”, “CASENT 1026335” to “CASENT 1026338” and “CASENT 1026330” to “CASENT 1026332”, respectively + +; + +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled “CASENT 1010344”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +52.6 km +W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road + +, + +3360-3380 m + +,”/ “ +N27.77032° +/ +E098.44661° +, + +1-2 October 2002 + +, Stop #DHK-2002-034, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +P.E. Marek +collectors” + +; + +1 male +and +3 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled “CASENT 1024862” and “CASENT 1024863” to “CASENT 1024865”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, on slope +NE of Chukuai Lake +, 3950,”/” +N27.98206° +/ +E098.48027° +, + +20 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-086 +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +J. Wang +collectors” + +; + +3 males +and +1 female +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled “CASENT 1026813” to “CASENT 1026815” and “CASENT 1026815”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +at +Chukuai Lake +, + +3720 m + +,”/ “ +N27.98121° +/ +E098.47580° +, + +18 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-079 +J.A. Miller +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +Y. Liu +collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled + + + + +FIGURE +12. + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +griswoldi + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1026334). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1026334), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +Q. griswoldi + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + +“ + +CASENT 1025813”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite,”/, “ +N27.97686° +/ +E098.47799° +, + +3750 m + +, + +18 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-078 D.H. +Kavanaugh +collector”; +2 females +(in +IOZ +) labeled “CASENT 1025836” and “CASENT 1025837”, respectively / “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan, + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite,”/ “ +N27.97686° +/ +E098.44779° +, + +3750 m + +, + +19 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-082 +Y. Liu +collector”. +All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +griswoldi +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +0.1 km +SE of Heipu Yakou + +, in valley below tunnel, +N27.77437° +/ +E098.44793° +, + +3270 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +griswoldi + +, is the Latinized form (in the genitive case) of the surname of Charles E. Griswold, now Curator Emeritus and former Schlinger Chair of Arachnology at the +California +Academy of Sciences, who participated in several of the expeditions to the study area and helped collect many carabid specimens for this project. We are pleased to name this elegant species in his honor. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 12a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size medium (BL = +4.3 to 4.8 mm +), body dark reddish brown, very shiny; eyes small and convex, tempora slightly convex; pronotum markedly narrowed posteriorly, markedly convex, globulose, narrowly cordate, disc smooth, basal angles with distict digitorm projections, each side with a single midlateral and basolateral seta; elytra markedly convex, tear-shaped, discal striae effaced, with three discal setae in a row along the presumed location of stria 3, preapical seta absent; median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 12b +) large, elongate, broadest at mid-shaft, with apex long and recurved dorsally, endophallus with internal sclerites acuminate apically. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size medium, BL = +4.3 to 4.8 mm +. Color of body, antennae and legs dark reddish brown, palpi paler, yellowish tan, body surface very shiny, micaceous, smooth and glabrous. + + +Head. Moderate in size, eyes small and convex, their convexity greater than and their diameter about as long as tempora, the latter only slightly convex and glabrous. Frons with frontal furrows deep, rounded, and not interrupted posteriorly; two suporaorbital setae present, the anterior inserted opposite midpoint of eye, the posterior inserted in postocular groove. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. Right mandible tridentate. Left mandible with a small, minutely tridentate process. +Mentum +and submentum fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth wide, bifid or truncate, one half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae of moderate length, extended posteriorly almost to or slightly beyond basal one-fourth of elytra, with 3.5 antennomeres in females and 4.5 antennomeres in males extended beyond basal pronotal margin, antennomeres slightly broadened, antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomeres 2 or 4. + +Pronotum. Shape narrowly cordiform, only slightly transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.1), widest at the anterior one-fourth, markedly narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins distinctly sinuate anterior to basal angles, the latter extended posteriorly as slender, pointed, digitiform processes. Disc markedly convex, globulose, smooth and glabrous, with median longitudinal impression very faintly impressed or effaced, basal fovea small and smooth; median basal area smooth; basal margin slightly convex and rounded. Lateral border of pronotum slender, distinctly defined only in anteri- or one-third to one-half, effaced in posterior one-half to two –thirds. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted at anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted on basal angle at base of digitform process. +Elytra. Elytral silhouette slightly tear-shaped, with humeri effaced, disc markedly convex, smooth and glabrous. All discal striae effaced except for faintly impressed parascutellar striole and a short, faintly impressed recurrent stria. Basal setiferous pore present. Three discal setae present, aligned along presumed track of stria 3. Preapicale seta absent, one or two apicoangular setules present. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other, with the first slightly more medially inserted than the others, setae of median group inserted distinctly posterior to middle. +Legs. Moderately long but slender. Protibiae with longitudinal furrow, sparely pubescent apically on anterior surface. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 12b +) large, elongate, broadest at mid-shaft, with apex long and recurved dorsally; endophallus with internal sclerites acuminate apically. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— Based on similarities in the form of the aedeagus of males, this species is closely related to + +Queinnectrechus jiuhecola +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh ( +Deuve et al. 2015 +), described from Lijiang County, northwestern +Yunnan +. However, members of this new species are distinguished from those of the latter by their much smaller size (BL = +5.3 to 5.8 mm +in + +Q. jiuhecola + +members), more elongate body form, more convex elytra, discal striae fully effaced (at least three medial striae evident in + +Q. jiuhecola + +members) and, most significantly, preapical seta absent (present near stria 2 subapically in + +Q. jiuhecola + +members). + + +In a recent paper, Belousov and Kabak (2016) established a new genus, + +Uenoites + +, in which they placed + +Q. jiuhecola + +, as well as three other species previously included in + +Kozlovites + +or + +Deuveotrechus +Uéno (1995) + +, based on the presence of a preapical seta, more convex tempora, and the median lobe of the male aedeagus not markedly hooked apically. However, all these features are plesiomorphic among trechines, which is problematic for demonstrating phylogenetic affinity of the included taxa. Clearly, phylogenetic relationships among these groups of species remain unresolved. As noted above, the genitalia of + +Q. griswoldi + +males are very similar to those of + +Q. jiuhecola + +males, wherease those of the new species described below, + +Queinnectrechus gongshanicus + +sp. nov. +, are of a very different form, although both of the new species described here are members of genus + +Queinnectrechus + +. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in a variety of microhabitats in the alpine zone near the crest of the Gaoligong +Shan +and the eastern slope, at elevations ranging from +3270 to 3950 m +. Specimens were collected under stones in moist meadows and on tundra slopes and ridges with sparse to thick herbaceous vegetation ( +Figs. 37b +, +38a, 38b +, +39b +), at the edges of small streams and seeps from talus slopes, and at the edges of + +Rhododendron + +thickets up to +1.5 m +tall. Members of this species have been found syntopic with specimens of + +Queinnectrechus +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli + +sp. nov. +, + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +gongshanicus + +sp. nov. +, + +Trechus gongshanensis + +sp. nov. +, + +Trechus qiqiensis + +sp. nov. +and + +Trechepaphiopsis monochaeta + +sp. nov. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 12c +. +We +examined a total of +21 specimens +( +10 males +and +11 females +), all from the northern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +, in +Bingzhongluo +and +Cikai Townships +, +Gongshan County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). These localities are all on the crest or eastern slope of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Core Area +2 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8DFF903DEE6373FE867644.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8DFF903DEE6373FE867644.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..563e587bcbe --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF8DFF903DEE6373FE867644.xml @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Genus + +Queinnectrechus +Deuve, 1992 + + + + + + + + + + +Queinnectrechus +Deuve, 1992b:354 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + +SPECIES + +.— + +Queinnectrechus excentricus +Deuve, 1992a + + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this genus ( +Figs. 12–14 +) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size moderate (BL = +3.5 to 4.8 mm +), apterous, body dark, reddish brown to piceous, surface micaceous; head with small eyes, mentum and submentum fused; right mandible tridentate, the premolar tooth distinct but joined with the retinaculum (see +Deuve 1992b +, +Fig. 23 +); pronotum cordiform and markedly convex, lateral margination effaced posteriorly, with two setae (midlateral and basolateral) present on each side; elytra markedly convex, inflated, slightly tear-shaped, humeri effaced, elytral discal striae absent or vestigial, with two (in most members) or three (in a few members) discal setae present, aligned on interval 3 near stria 3, preapical seta absent from most members, in some of these members inserted forward in a subdiscal position, in very few placed in typical trechine position nearer elytral apex and next to stria 2; protibiae furrowed; abdominal ventrites IV to VI glabrous except for a single pair of paramedial setae; endophallus of male aedeagus with two sclerites. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— Two new genera closely related to + +Queinnectrechus + +have recently been described. Members of + +Dactylotrechus +Belousov and Kabak (2003) + +are distinguished by the supernumerary setae present on the external margins of the pronotum and on more lateral areas of the elytral disc. Members of + +Puertrechus +Belousov and Kabak (2014a) + +are distinguished by the presence of a single discal setae subbasally on interval 5. Members of both taxa have a preapical seta inserted near stria 2, a plesiomorphic feature among trechines. Taxonomic limits and phylogenetic relationships among the “genera” + +Stevensius + +, + +Kozlovites +Jeannel (1935) + +, + +Queinnectrechus + +, + +Dactylotrechus + +, + +Puertrechus + +, + +Sinotrechiama +Uéno (2000) + +, +Uenoite +s Belousov and Kabak (2016) and + +Minutotrechus + +(describe above) are still poorly resolved. This is why we describe below a new taxon, + +Gaoligongtrechus + +, provisionally with the rank of subgenus. This assignment can be changed as needed in the future. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This genus, which currently include 13 described species (Belousov and Kabak 2003, Casalle and Magrini 2009, +Deuve 1992a +, and +Uéno 1998a +and +1998b +) is currently known from the Min +Shan region +of northern +Sichuan Province +southwest to western +Yunnan Province +. The Gaoligong +Shan +forms the southwestern limit of the known distributional range of the genus. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF92FF823C2C65A9FC197346.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF92FF823C2C65A9FC197346.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8794b2aba3e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF92FF823C2C65A9FC197346.xml @@ -0,0 +1,453 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Perileptus pusilloides +Deuve and Liang + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 6 +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1039259”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Tengchong County +, +Hehua Township +, + +5.4 km +S of Hehua + +at +Dengman village +along +Daying Jiang +, +N24.92346° +/ +E98.38612° +,”/ “ + +1105 m + +, + +2 June 2006 + +, Stop # DHK-2006-053, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +R.L. Brett +& +D.Z. Dong +collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Perileptus pusilloides +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(a total of 4): +2 males +and +1 female +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) + + + + +FIGURE +5. + +Perileptus imaicus +Jeannel + +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1036287). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT10363020), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +P. imaicus + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + + +labeled same as +holotype +except first label “CASENT 1039257” and “CASENT 1039260” and “CASENT 1039258”, respectively; +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1036294”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Longyang County +, +Bawan Township +, +Kunhong He +at +Bingmen +, +N25.09065° +/ +E98.83721° +,”/ “ + +680 m + +, + +1 June 2005 + +, Stop# 2005-039, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +H.B. Liang +collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Perileptus pusilloides +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Tengchong County +, +Hehua Township +, + +5.4 km +S of Hehua + +at +Dengman village +along +Daying Jiang +, +N24.92346° +/ +E98.38612° +, + +1105 m + + +. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— The species epithet, + +pusilloides + +, is a combination of the species epithet, + +pusillus +, + +and the Greek suffix, +–ΕΙδής +(transliterated into Latin as +–oides +), meaning resembling, in reference to the similarity of members of this species to those of + +T. pusillus +Jeannel (1923) + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 6a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size very small (BL = +2.3 mm +), fully-winged; body color light yellowish brown, elytra concolorous throughout; microsculpture of elytra irregularly isodiametric and moderately impressed; dorsal pubescence dense and rather short; pronotum slightly transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.32) only slightly convex, with lateral margins moderately rounded in anterior half, straightened just anterior to basal angles, the latter acute and sharp but small, median basal area rugulose; elytra alutaceous, distinctly flattened, striae finely punctate. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size very small, BL = +2.3 mm +. Color of dorsum pale yellowish brown, head and pronotum slightly pale reddish in some specimens, appendages pale yellow, antennomeres 3 to 11 slightly darker yellowish brown; dorsal surface covered with dense but short pubescence. + + +Head. Relatively large, with eyes large and convex. Tempora very short. Frons flattened, nearly smooth, shiny but finely punctate; frontal furrows arcuate and deeply impressed to posterior margin of tempora; two pairs of supraorbital setae present and distinctly longer than setae of pubescence. Labrum broad with apical margin distinctly emarginate or concave. Mandibles small, slen- der. +Mentum +deeply concave, with median tooth broad and truncate. Submentum with a transverse row of ten setae anteriorly. Gula broad. Antennae of moderate length, antennomeres 2 and 3 of equal length. + +Pronotum. Slightly transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.32) and flattened, widest at anterior one-fourth, with lateral margins markedly rounded anteriorly, less so posteriorly, briefly and deeply sinuate just anterior to basal angles, the latter acute and sharp but small; basal margin projected posteriorly as a short, truncate lobe medial to lateral sinuations. Disc moderately punctate, flattened medially and slightly convex laterally; median basal area rugulose, only faintly defined anteriorly; median longitudinal impression distinct throughout, narrow anteriorly, widened toward base. Lateral margination slender throughout, slightly reflexed dorsally. One lateral seta (at anterior one-fifth) and one basolateral seta (on basal angle) present on each side. +Elytra. Alutaceous, moderately elongate, with humeri very distinct, rectangular but broadly rounded; elytral disc flattened, only moderately convex laterally; lateral margination slender and slightly reflexed dorsally; basal margin terminated medially at the origin of stria 5; striae 1 to 4 or 5 dinstinctly impressed and moderately punctate, striae 5 or 6 to 8 effaced. Recurrent stria absent. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other, those of the median group inserted posterior to middle. +Legs. Short. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Venter. Ventral surface of head and thoracic pleurae, prosternum, metasternum, metepisterna and abdominal ventrites punctate. Pubescence denser on abdominal ventrites than on thoracic venter. + + +FIGURE +6. + +Perileptus pusilloides + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1039260). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1039259), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +P. pusilloides + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 6b +) with apex narrowly lobate, apically rounded. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— Based on features of form and structure, this species appears to be closely relat- ed to + +P. pusillus + +, described from northern +Vietnam +. Its members can be distinguished from those of the latter in having their elytra wider, less shiny, more alutaceous, and with more finely punctate striae, and the pronotum relatively larger, with a less smooth surface, and with the greatest pronotal width more anterior. The type series of + +P. pusillus + +originally consisted of ten +syntypes +, seven of which are in the Jeannel Collection in MNHN, each with a “Type” label. Among these, +six specimens +match Jeannel’s description of + +P. pusillus + +very closely. The seventh specimen, a male, instead may be a member of our new species, + +P. pusilloides + +. Consequently, in order to properly establish the identity to + +P. pusillus + +, we here designate a +lectotype +as follows: a male, in MNHN, labeled: “ +Hoa Binh +, +Tonkin +”/ “ + +Perileptus pusillus +Jeannel + +, +lectotype +, design. 2016, ex coll. R. Jeannel, in coll. MNHN, Paris”. The remaining six MNHN +syntypes +are all +paralectotypes +of + +P. pusillus + +, including the lone possible male of + +P. pusilloides + +, which we are not including in the type series of the latter species. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in daytime on sandy flats, in gravel and under stones along the open, unshaded banks of small to large streams running through agricultural areas with subtropical crops at elevations ranging from +680 to 1105 m +. Most specimens were driven from their hiding places by splashing the banks with water from the stream. At the collecting site in Longyang County (see below), members of this species were found syntopic with members of + +Perileptus imaicus + +. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 6c +. +We +examined a total of +5 specimens +( +3 males +and +2 females +) from low elevations on both western and eastern slopes of the southern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Tengchong +and +Longyang Counties +, (see +Type +material above for exact collection data), which are in Core Areas 6 and 7, respectively + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from the southern part of the Gaoligong Shan region in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF93FF8F3D8262AFFE507381.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF93FF8F3D8262AFFE507381.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac12b7c1c6e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF93FF8F3D8262AFFE507381.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Genus + +Perileptus +Schaum, 1860 + + + + + + + + + + +Perileptus +Schaum, 1860:663 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + +SPECIES + +.— + +Carabus areolatus +Creutzer, 1799 + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this genus ( +Figs. 5a +, +6a +) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size small to medium (BL = 2.0 to +3.5 mm +), fully winged, dorsal surface covered with more or less long pubescence; eyes large, convex, pubescent; frons flat, frontal furrows wide and deep, attenuated posteriorly; terminal palpomeres slender, attenuated apically; mentum free, not fused with submentum; submentum with 10 or 12 setae; antennal scape distinctly pubescent; pronotum narrowed basally, with base broadly projected posteriorly, median longitudinal furrow deeply and sharply defined; elytra elongate and flattened, recurrent stria indistinct; legs short, protibiae without longitudinal furrows. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +Perileptus + +is a moderately diverse genus with about 50 described species arrayed in four subgenera ( +Lorenz 2005 +). It is represented in the Palearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, Australian and Neotropical Regions. The study area is within the previously known range of this genus. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF99FF863C2C6624FC447147.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF99FF863C2C6624FC447147.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..acd4cc1257f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF99FF863C2C6624FC447147.xml @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Agonotrechus fugongensis +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 7 +, +35b +, +36a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1019979”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +0 to 2 km +E of Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +N27.16536° +/ +E098.78003° +to +N27.16100° +/”/ “ +E098.79370° +, + +2300-2530 m + +, + +18 August 2005 + +, Stop# DHK-2005- 096, +D. Z. Dong +collector”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Agonotrechus fugongensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(only 1): a female (in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1006974”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, +Nujiang State Nature Reserve +, +Qigi He +, 9.9 airkm +W of Gongshan +,”/ “ +N27.71542° +/ +E98.56529° +, + +2000m + +, + +9-14 July 2000 + +, Stop#00-22A, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., D. Ubick, & Dong D.-Z. collectors”/ “IMAGE” [pale green label]/ “ + +PARATYPE + +Agonotrechus fugongensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label]. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Shiyueliang Township +, + +0 to 2 km +W of Shibali on Shibali Road + +, + +2300-2530 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +fugongensis + +, is derived from the name of the county (Xian) in which the +holotype +was collected, Fugong, and the Latin suffix, +-ensis +, denoting place. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 7a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = 5.8 to 6.0 mm), fully-winged, dorsum dark piceous to reddish brown, shiny, pronotum and elytra slightly iridescent; eyes convex, moderately projected; clypeus with four setae; mentum and submentum fused, submentum with six setae; pronotum small but transverse, ratio PW/PL = 1.30, median basal area smooth, framed by two deep, oblique furrows, lateral explanation rather narrow, broadened only posteriorly, lateral margins with a short sinuation anterior to the sharp, rectangular or slightly acute basal angles; elytra with all discal striae evident and finely punctate, striae 1 to 4 moderately impressed, striae 5 to 8 more faintly impressed, parascutellar striole rather long, recurrent stria deeply impressed but abruptly terminated anteriorly, not connected with stria 5, intervals slightly convex, two discal seta (anterior and middle setae) present in stria 3, the anterior seta inserted within basal one-sixth of elytra, the middle seta inserted near elytral middle, preapical seta also present; median lobe of aedeagus of male ( +Fig. 7b +) long and slender, endophallus with copulatory piece spoon-shaped. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size large, BL = 5.8 to 6.0 mm. Color of dorsum piceous to reddish brown, shiny, pronotum and elytra slightly iridescent, appendages paler, palpi yellowish tan. + + +Head. Moderate in size, slightly elongate, eyes large, convex, moderately projected, their diameter more than two times length of tempora. Tempora short, only slightly convex and glabrous, joined to neck region at ca. 135° angle. Frons more or less flattened, with two pairs of supraorbital setae, frontal furrows distinct, impressed posterior to or beyond posterior supraorbital setae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, apical margin slightly concave. Mandibles slen- der; right mandible bidentate, the anterior tooth far forward and long, the basal tooth reduced, obtuse and blunt; left mandible with a very slender trifid process, formed from fusion of the retinaculum with premolar tooth. Palpi with apical palpomeres fusiform. +Mentum +and submentum fused. +Mentum +bifossulate, divided into three sectors, a median and two lateral parts, separated by two deep, longitudinal furrows; medial tooth simple, subtriangular with blunt apex, half as long as lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae subapically, gula broad. Genae with a single ventral seta on each side. Antennae of moderate length, with only four antennomeres extended beyond the pronotal base; antennonmeres 3 and 4 virtually the same length and each longer than antennomere 2. + +Pronotum. Rather small, moderately narrow posteriorly, ratio PW/PL = 1.30, widest slightly anterior to middle, lateral margins with short sinuation just anterior to sharp, rectangular or slightly acute basal angles; pronotal disc convex, median longitudinal impression very fine and shallow, extended posteriorly to near basal margin, but not as close anteriorly to apical margin; basal foveae small vaguely delimited; median basal area smooth, delimited laterally by short but deep and oblique furrows; basal margin nearly straight, slightly sinuate. Lateral explanation moderately narrow and slightly reflexed, widened posteriorly but not flattened. Midlateral pair of setae inserted anterior to middle and basolateral pair inserted at hind angles. + + +FIGURE +7. + +Agonotrechus fugongensis + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1019979). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1019979), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +A. fugongensis + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Elytra. Moderately wide, elytral silhouette subovoid, humeri distinct but rounded, disc convex. All discal striae evident and finely punctate, striae 1 to 4 moderately impressed, striae 5 to 8 more faintly impressed, partially effaced, parascutellar striole rather long, recurrent stria deeply impressed but abruptly terminated anteriorly, not connected with discal stria 5, intervals slightly convex. Parascutellar setiferous pore present at base at common origin of discal striae 1 and 2. Two discal seta (anterior and middle setae) present in stria 3, the anterior seta inserted within basal one-sixth of elytra, the middle seta inserted near elytral middle. Preapical seta also present, inserted on interval 2 near stria 2, closer to sutural elytral margin than to apex. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistant for each other and those of median group both inserted posteri- or to middle of elytra. +Legs. Slender, moderately long. Protibiae furrowed, without anteroapical pubescence. Male protarsi with tarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Ventrites each with a pair of paramedial setae, ventrite VII of males with a single pair of paramedial apical setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 7b +) long and slender, endophallus with a spoon-shaped sclerite. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— Males of this species are most similar to those of + +A. wuyipeng + +in features of the aedeagus; but they are smaller, their pronota distinctly narrower, more slender, and with much narrower lateral margination, and the recurrent stria does not connect anteriorly with stria 5 as it does in + +A. wuyipeng + +members. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— The +holotype +specimen of this species was found under a stone on moist substrate along a roadcut through an agricultural area formed in a large clearcut in what had been mixed broadleaf evergreen and conifer forest at an elevation somewhere between 2300 and +2530 m +( +Fig. 36a +). The +paratype +specimen was collected under stones on the shaded bank of the Qiqi River just above the Forestry station at Qiqi at an elevation of +2000 m +( +Fig. 35b +). Members of no other + +Agonotrechus + +or other trechine species have been found syntopic with those of + +A. fugongensis + +. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 7c +. +We +examined a total of +2 specimens +( +1 male +and +1 female +) from Fugong and Gongshan Counties, respectively (see +Type +material above for exact collection data) + +. + + +Specimens of this species were collected only in the northern half of the study area (Core Areas 2 and 3) and only on the eastern side of the mountain range. This distribution pattern may be an artifact of inadequate sampling on the western slope of the mountain range in the north, much of which is in +Myanmar +. The geographical range of this species overlaps that of + +A. wuyipeng + +, but members of the latter species appear to occupy slightly higher elevations in the same general areas. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from the northern half of the Gaoligong Shan in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF9AFF993C2C664FFCFE710D.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF9AFF993C2C664FFCFE710D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a46057c9bdd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF9AFF993C2C664FFCFE710D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Agonotrechus wuyipeng +Deuve, 1992 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 8 +, +36b +, +45–48 +) + + + + + + + +Agonotrechus wuyipeng + +Deuve, 1992b:172 + + + +. +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ. Type locality: +China +, +Sichuan +, +Wolong +, +Wuyipeng +, + +2500 m + +. + + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 8a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = +6.5 to 6.7 mm +), fully-winged, dorsum piceous to reddish brown and distinctly iridescent; head slender, eyes markedly projected; clypeus with four or six setae; mentum and submentum incompletely fused, submentum with six or eight setae; mandibles with four to six small setae along the dorsolateral margin of the scrobe; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.30), with lateral explanation broader, especially basally, basal angles rectangular and sharp with a small apical tooth projected laterally; elytra broad, with all discal striae evident and finely punctate, striae 1 to 5 moderately impressed, striae 6 to 8 more faintly impressed, parascutellar striole rather long, recurrent stria continuous anteriorly with stria 5, intervals only faintly convex, two discal setae (anterior and middle setae) present, the anterior seta inserted within basal one-sixth of elytra in stria 3, the middle seta near elytral middle in stria 3; median lobe of aedeagus of male ( +Fig. 8b +) long and slender, with apex short, recurved dorsally and bluntly pointed, endophallus with a spoon-shaped sclerite. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— The polymorphism we observed in the number of setae on both the clypeus (four or six) and submentum (six or eight) among specimens from the Gaoligong +Shan +populations was surprising. +Belousov & Kabak (2003) +described + +Agonotrechus dubius + +, based on a single female from +Gansu Province +, and noted similarities with + +A. wuyipeng + +. We have examined a male specimen from +Shaanxi Province +(Ningshan County, Huoditang Township, +1549 m +, collected by Matt Brantley on +9 July 2005 +) which shares features described for the +holotype +of + +A. dubius + +, including six setae on the submentum, which +Belousov & Kabak (2003) +contrasted with the eight setae reported for + +A. wuyipeng + +members ( +Deuve 1992b +). Together with other similarities, the polymorphism in this feature found among Gaoligong +Shan +specimens suggests that these two species may be better treated as conspecific, with + +A. dubius + +as a distinct subspecies, members of which have smaller size, relatively wider pronota, and more coarsely punctate elytral discal striae but are otherwise similar to members of the nominate form. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Specimens of this species were collected in daytime from under stones in shaded roadside and trailside areas with scattered grasses at elevations ranging from +2687 to 2770 m +( +Fig. 36b +). Members of no other + +Agonotrechus + +or other trechine species have been found syntopic with those of + +A. wuyipeng + +. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 8c +. +We +examined a total of +10 specimens +( +7 males +and +3 females +) + + +from the following localities: + +Fugong County +: + +Shiyueliang Township +( + +1 km +above Shibali on Yaping Road + +, + +2687 m + +, + +1 May 2004 + +, +H.B. Liang +collector [ +1 female +; +MNHN +]. + +Gongshan County +: + +Qiqi Trail +at +No +12 +Bridge +, +N27.71500° +/ +E98.50222° +, + +2770 m + +, + +2 May 2002 + +, +H.B. Liang +& +W.D. Ba +collectors [ +7 males +and +2 females +; +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +]. + + + +Specimens of this species were collected only in the northern half of the study area (Core Areas 2 and 3) and only on the eastern side of the mountain range. This distribution pattern may be an artifact of inadequate sampling on the western slope of the mountain range in the north, much of which is in +Myanmar +. The geographical range of this species overlaps that of + +A. fugongensis + +, but members of the latter species appear to occupy slightly lower elevations in the same general areas. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +Fig. 45 +. This species currently is known only from the +type +locality in northcentral +Sichuan +and the northern half of the +Gaoligong +Shan +in western +Yunnan +, but it probably occurs in the intervening region as well + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF9EFF853D95644FFDD87353.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF9EFF853D95644FFDD87353.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c5581a03cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFF9EFF853D95644FFDD87353.xml @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Genus + +Agonotrechus +Jeannel, 1923 + + + + + + + + + + +Agonotrechus +Jeannel, 1923:428 + + +. + + + + + + +Paragonotrechus +Uéno, 1981:2 + + +. + + + + + + +Bhutanotrechus +Uéno, 1977:188 + + +. + + + + + + + +TYPE + +SPECIES + +.— + +Trechus birmanicus +Bates, 1892 + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this genus ( +Figs. 7a +– +9a +) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size medium to large for a trechine (BL = 4.5 to 7.0 mm) members of most species with full hindwings and large, convex eyes, but those of a few species apterous and with eyes reduced in size and/or convexity, some even microphthalmous or nearly anophthalmous; frons flattened, depressed; dorsolateral margin of mandibular scope with a row of small setae aligned as a sparse comb in some members ( +Belousov & Kabak 2003 +); right mandible ( +Fig. 16a +) bidentate, the premolar tooth fused with the retinaculum, from which the anterior tooth is distinctly projected and in a forward position and the posterior tooth is absent or flush; left mandible with only a short, subconical, more or less trifid ridge; clypeus with six setae in most members; labium with anterior margin not or only slightly concave; mentum fused with submentum, incompletely in some members; submentum with six setae in most members, but some with eight setae; pronotum little narrowed basally, with lateral explanation distinctly broadened basally in many members; elytra with discal striae varied, from complete to effaced, punctate in many members, parascutellar striole very long in many members; anterior discal seta present in all members and inserted at the basal one-fifth or one-sixth of elytra, middle discal seta present or absent, preapical seta present at or near stria +2 in +most members, absent from a very few members; legs slender, protibiae furrowed, the basal two protarsomeres dilated and toothed; abdominal ventrites glabrous except for usual paramedial setae; aedeagus with a spoon-shaped copulatory piece. + + + +TAXONOMIC +NOTES + +.— Members of the first known + +Agonotrechus +species + +had only the anteri- or discal seta of the elytron inserted at the basal one-fifth or one-sixth. Consequently, this feature was used by +Jeannel (1923) +to define his new genus. Members of + +Paragonotrechus +Uéno (1981) + +are very similar and differ only in having a more slender body form and the parascutellar striole very long. Those of + +Bhutanotrechus +Uéno (1977) + +, described from +Bhutan +, were distinguished by having the elytral discal striae effaced and a second elytral discal seta (the middle seta) present. The presence of the middle seta is a plesiotypic feature in +Trechini +, but species with members having two discal setae sometimes have been grouped together or assigned to genus + +Bhutanotrechus + +( +Deuve 1992b +, +1995 +). Genus + +Agonotrechus + +is really a homogenous group, despite the differences among its members in impression of the elytral discal striae, length of the parascutellar stiole, number of elytral discal setae and size of the eyes, differences in the last feature being associated with differential flight capability. There appears to be no reason to maintain + +Paragonotrechus + +and + +Bhutanotrechus + +as distinct genera. + + +The bidentate dentition of the right mandible of + +Agonotrechus + +, with the premolar tooth completely fused with retinaculum, distinguishes this group from members of the + +Stevensius + +Complex, with which +Jeannel (1923 +, +1928 +) had grouped it. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This genus, which at present includes 16 species, is known from the southeastern part of the Palearctic Region and northern edge of the Oriental Region, from +Nepal +eastward to southern Gansu Province in the north and +Myanmar +, +Vietnam +, and Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces; and one species has been described from +Japan +. The study area is within the previously known range of this genus. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA3FFB13C2C612AFEE174F1.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA3FFB13C2C612AFEE174F1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7f3361ad739 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA3FFB13C2C612AFEE174F1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +pseudoqiqiensis +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 21 +, +42b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a female, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1014205”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +11.5 km +above Shibali on Yaping Road + +, +N27.20676° +/ +E98.71763° +,”/ “ + +3290 m + +, + +8 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004-040 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., Li X.-Y., & Zhu B.-X. collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Trechus pseudoqiqiensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label]. + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Shiyueliang Township +, + +11.5 km +above Shibali on Yaping Road + +, +N27.20676° +/ +E98.71763° +, + +3290 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +pseudoqiqiensis + +, is a combination of the Greek prefix, +ψΕυδής +(translated into Latin as +pseudo- +) meaning false, and the species epithet, + +qiqiensis + +, in reference to the similarity of the unique +holotype +female of this species to members of + +T. qiqiensis + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 21a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: similar to + +T. qiqiensis + +in size (BL = 4.0 mm) and most features, except body color paler, more reddish; elytral striae more faintly punctate, almost impunctate toward elytral apex, more deeply impressed on center of disc and not attenuated near apex, recurrent stria less abruptly interrupted by a convexity and nearly continuous anteriorly with stria 7; preapical seta present and inserted on interval 3 next to stria 2 near apical one-fourth of elytra. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size relatively large (BL = 4.0 mm). Body color bright brownish red, shiny, appendages yellowish-tan, palpi pale yellow. + + +Head. Moderate in size; eyes slightly convex, their diameter about 1.5 times as long as tempora, the latter short, convex and glabrous. Frons not flattened; frontal furrows deep, rounded, not or only slightly attenuated posterior to the eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anteri- or pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +distinctly concave at middle, with medial tooth broad and apex slightly bifid, about one-half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae short, with about 2 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 4 about equal in length, antennomere 3 slightly longer. + +Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.45), slightly narrowed posteriorly, greatest width near anterior one-third; lateral margins broadly rounded, not sinuate subbasally, straightened only immediately anterior to basal angles, the latter small and rectangular. Disc convex, smooth and glabrous, median longitudinal impression finely impressed, interrupted slightly posterior to anteri- or margin but extended to basal margin; basal foveae distinct, but shallower and slightly convex at center; median basal area mainly smooth, but with several small foveae anteriorly near the posterior transverse impression. Basal margin rounded and slightly projected medially. Lateral borders of pronotum slender, narrowly reflexed, lateral grooves distinctly impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + +Elytra. Ovoid and only slightly elongate, humeri not very broad but rounded. Disc convex and smooth. Striae very finely punctate, nearly smooth in apical half, intervals moderately convex; striae 1 to 4 deeply impressed and not attenuated apically, stria 5 to 8 successively more faintly impressed by still evident. Parascutellar striole present, short. Recurrent stria less abruptly interrupted by a convexity and nearly continuous anteriorly with stria 7. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted in a discal position on interval 3 next to stria +2 in +forward position at apical one-fourth of elytra. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of median group insert- ed slightly posterior to middle. + + + +FIGURE +21. + +Trechus pseudoqiqiensis + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1014204). b. Map of locality record (red circle) for + +T. pseudoqiqiensis + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a = 0.5mm, b = 100 km. + + +Legs. Slightly short, protibiae with only a faint longitudinal furrow. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of female apically with two pairs of paramedial setae. + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— The unique +holotype +female of this species was found under a stone in an open area cleared of forest but surrounded by bamboo thickets and scattered + +Abies + +, + +Rhododendron + +and + +Prunus +species + +at an elevation of +3290 m +( +Fig. 42b +). +One specimen +of + +Trechus shibalicus + +sp. nov. +also was found at the same site. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 21b +. +This +species is known from a single locality in +Fugong County +, on the eastern slope of the northcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). This locality is in +Core Area +3 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +This species currently is known only from the +type +locality on the eastern slope of the northcentral part of the +Gaoligong Shan +, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA5FFBB3C2C62AAFBBC712D.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA5FFBB3C2C62AAFBBC712D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..96a8a8a3fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA5FFBB3C2C62AAFBBC712D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,354 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +mingguangensis +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 19 +, +41b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1038692”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Tengchong County +, +Mingguang Township +, +Eighth Boundary Post Pass +, +N25.80984° +/ +E98.62084° +, + +2287 m + +, + +23 May 2006 + +,”/ “Stop # DHK-2006-037A, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +R.L. Brett +, +X.P. Wang +& +D.Z.Dong +collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Trechus mingguangensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(only 1): a female (in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1038840”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Tengchong County +, +Mingguang Township +, small stream on SW-facing slope below 7.9 airkm +N of Zizhi village +, + +2200 m + +,”/ “ +N25.80314° +/ +E98.62117° +, + +2200 m + +, + +23 May 2006 + +,”/ “Stop # DHK-2006-038A, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +D.Z. Dong +collectors”/ “ +PARATYPE + +Trechus mingguangensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Tengchong County +, +Mingguang Township +, +Eighth Boundary Post Pass +, +N25.80314° +/ +E98.62117° +, + +2287 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +mingguangensis + +, is derived from the name of the township in which the +type +locality is located, Mingguang, and the Latin suffix, +-ensis +, denoting place. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 19a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = +4.5 to 4.8 mm +), apterous; body color reddish-brown; tempora glabrous, short and convex; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.40), basal angles acute and sharp; elytra very slightly elongate, striae finely punctate, striae 1 to 4 deeply impressed, stria 5 more faintly impressed, striae 6 to 8 effaced or nearly so, recurrent stria terminated anteriorly at a slight convexity in line with the presumed location of stria 7 apically; two normal discal setae present, inserted next to stria 3, preapical seta present, inserted in a discal position next to stria 3 at apical one-fourth of elytra; median lobe of male aedeagus with a large sagittal aileron, apical lamella long and rectilinear, nearly straight, apex thin, endophallus with copulatory piece poorly defined ( +Fig. 19b +). + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size large, BL = +4.5 to 4.8 mm +. Body color dark reddish-brown, shiny, appendages paler, yellowish- or reddish-tan, palpi pale yellow. Body surface smooth, only head capsule faintly alutaceous. + + +Head. Moderate in size; eyes slightly reduced, moderately convex, but their diameter less than twice as long as tempora, the latter short, moderately convex and glabrous. Frons moderately flattened; frontal furrows deep, curved, prolonged and not attenuated posterior to the eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. +Mentum +and submentum not fused but suture between them only faintly impressed. +Mentum +with medial tooth broad and apically truncate, about one-half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae short, not quite extended to the basal one-fourth of elytra, male with about 2.5 to 3 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 3 about equal in length, antennomere 4 slightly shorter. + + + +FIGURE +19. + +Trechus mingguangensis + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1038692). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1038692), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. mingguangensis + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Pronotum. Moderately transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.40), narrowed posteriorly, greatest width anterior to middle; lateral margins widely rounded, straightened only just anterior to basal angles, the latter small, but projected, acute and sharp. Disc convex, smooth and glabrous, median longitudinal impression sharply impressed, not quite extended to anterior margin; basal foveae distinct, subcircular; median basal area with several faint, longitudinal rugulae, delimited laterally by oblique furrows. Basal margin slightly bisinuate, slightly reflexed and oblique laterally, slightly projected medially. Lateral borders of pronotum moderately slender, regular, slightly reflexed, lateral grooves deeply impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted slightly anterior to middle; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + +Elytra. Ovoid, only very slightly elongate, more narrowed basally than apically, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex and smooth. Striae very finely punctate, striae 1 to 4 deeply impressed, stria 5 more faintly impressed, striae 6 to 8 effaced or nearly so. Parascutellar striole present. Recurrent stria terminated anteriorly by a slight convexity at the presumed location of stria 7 apically. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted in a discal position on interval 3, next to stria +3 in +forward position at apical one-fourth of elytra. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of median group inserted slightly posterior to middle. + +Legs. Relatively short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with four pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 19b +) only slightly enlarged basally but with a large sagittal aileron present; shaft markedly narrowed at middle and broader subapically; apical lamella long, rectilinear, extremely thin in lateral view; endophallus voluminous but without well-defined sclerites. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— +One specimen +of this species was found under stones and debris along a roadcut ( +Fig. 41b +) through slightly disturbed primary forest of + +Tsuga + +, with small, scattered small bamboo thickets; and the other specimen was found under stones along a small stream crossing the road in the same general area. No other trechines were collected in either of these sites, which range in elevation from +2200 to 2287 m +. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 19c +. +We +examined a total of +2 specimens +, both from +Mingguang Township in Tengchong County +on the western slope of the southern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). Both of these localities are in +Core Area +6 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from the western slope of the southern part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA6FFBF3C2C60AAFE497663.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA6FFBF3C2C60AAFE497663.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bc1b2d7bc78 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFA6FFBF3C2C60AAFE497663.xml @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +qiqiensis +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 20 +, +37b +, +42a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1007384”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, +Nujiang State Nature Reserve +, No. 12 +Bridge Camp area +, 16.3 airkm +W of Gongshan +,”/ “ +N27.71503° +/ +E98.50244° +, + +2775 m + +, + +15-19 July 2000 + +, Stop#00-23A, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., D. Ubick, & Dong D.-Z. collectors”/ “IMAGE” [green label]/ “ + +HOLOTYPE + +Trechus qiqiensis +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designat- ed 2016” [red label]. + +Paratypes +(at total of 11): +2 males +and +4 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1007380” to “CASENT 1007381” and “CASENT 1007382” to “CASENT 1007383” and “CASENT 1007385” to “CASENT 1007386”, respectively + +; + +1 male +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1010345” and “CASENT 1010346” to “CASENT 1010347”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +52.6 km +W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road + +, + +3360-3380 m + +,”/ “ +N27.77032° +/ +E98.44661° +, + +1-2 October 2002 + +, Stop #DHK-2002-034, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +P.A. Marek +collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1015626”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +48 km +W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road + +, + +3330 m + +,”/ “ +N27.78075° +/ +E98.47000° +, + +13 November 2004 + +, Stop # DHK-2004-086, D.H. +Kavanaugh +collector” + +; + +1 male +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1025832”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite,”/ “ +N27.97686° +/ +E98.47799° +, + +3750 m + +, + +19 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-082, +Y. Liu +collector”. +All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechus qiqiensis +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Qiqi Trail +at No. 12 +Camp +, +N27.71503° +/ +E98.50244° +, + +2775 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +qiqiensis + +, is derived from the name of the ancient trail, Qiqi Trail, passing through the +type +locality, and the Latin suffix, +-ensis +, denoting place. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 20a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size relatively large (BL = 4.0 to +4.2 mm +), apterous; body color reddish-brown; eyes slightly convex; tempora glabrous, short and convex; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.44), basal angles rectangular and sharp; elytra with striae 1 to 4 deeply impressed on disc but attenuated apically, remaining striae successively less distinct, the outermost effaced or nearly so; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly by a slight convexity in line with stria 7; two discal setae present, inserted on interval 3 next to stria 3; preapical seta present and inserted in a discal position on interval 3, next to either stria 2 or +3 in +forward position near apical one-fourth of elytra; median lobe of male aedeagus large and robust, subapically bent ventrally, apical lamella sinuate and reflexed dorsally ( +Fig. 20b +), endophallus with a more heavily sclerotized voluminous lobe or scaly fold. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size relatively large, BL = 4.0 to +4.2 mm +. Body color reddish-brown, shiny, appendages concolorous but paler, palpi pale yellow. Body surface smooth, only head capsule faintly alutaceous. + + +Head. Moderate in size; eyes only slightly projected, slightly more convex, their diameter less than twice as long as tempora, the latter short, convex and glabrous. Frons slightly flattened; frontal furrows deep, curved, continuous but attenuated posterior to the eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. Mandibles short; right mandible distinctly tridentate with middle tooth closer to basal tooth (premolar) than to distal tooth, left mandible with a small slightly bifid process. +Mentum +and submentum not fused but suture between them only faintly impressed. +Mentum +with medial tooth broad and apically truncate, about one-half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae short, extended posteriorly to basal one-sixth of elytra, with about 2 or 3 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 3 about equal in length, antennomere 4 slightly shorter. + + + +FIGURE +20. + +Trechus qiqiensis + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1007384). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1007384), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. qiqiensis + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.44), narrowed posteriorly, greatest width near anteri- or one-fourth; lateral margins markedly rounded, with a short sinuation just anterior to basal angles, the latter small, rectangular and sharp. Disc convex, smooth and glabrous, median longitudinal impression finely impressed, but continuous between anterior and posterior margins; basal foveae distinct, circular; median basal area faintly rugulose, delimited laterally by short, oblique furrows. Basal margin nearly rectilinear, slightly projected medially. Lateral borders of pronotum moderately slender, regular, narrowly and regularly reflexed, lateral grooves narrow but distinctly impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted slightly anterior to middle; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + +Elytra. Ovoid, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex and smooth. Striae finely punctate, intervals faintly convex; striae 1 to 4 deeply impressed but attenuated apically, stria 5 more faintly impressed, striae 6 to 8 effaced or nearly so. Parascutellar striole present. Recurrent stria terminated anteriorly by a slight convexity at the presumed location of stria 7 apically. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted in a discal position on interval 3, next to either stria 2 or +3 in +forward position at apical one-fourth of elytra in most specimens; in a few specimens two preapical setae present, one inserted farther forward next to stria 3, as a third discal seta, the second inserted less far forward and next to stria 2. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of medi- an group inserted slightly posterior to middle. + +Legs. Medium proportions, slightly short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 20b +) large and robust, with a moderate-sized sagittal aileron; shaft subapically bent ventrally; apical lamella sinuate and reflexed dorsally, bluntly point- ed apically; endophallus with a more heavily sclerotized voluminous lobe or scaly fold. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found at elevations ranging from +2775 to 3750 m +in a variety of habitats. At the lowest elevation ( +2775 m +), specimens were collected by sifting meager leaf litter and mosses on the forest floor and on rotting logs ( +Fig. 42a +). This area had abundant conifers ( + +Abies + +, + +Thuja + +, and + +Picea +species + +) that formed a partly open canopy. Litter and mosses were moist and substrate underneath was composed of crumbling granitic sand. Specimens of + +Trechepaphiopsis monochaeta + +sp. nov. +were also collected in the same litter samples at this site. At higher elevations (above +3300 m +), specimens were found under stones in meadows, talus slopes, in low + +Rhododendron + +thickets, and on heath-covered tundra slopes ( +Fig. 37b +). In such areas, + +T. qiqiensis + +specimens were found syntopic with those of + +Queinnectrechus +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli + +and + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +griswoldi + +, +and at highest elevation ( +3750 m +) also with members of + +Trechus gongshanensis + +sp. nov. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 20c +. +We +examined a total of +12 specimens +( +5 males +and +7 females +), all from +Bingzhiongluo +and +Cikai Townships in Gongshan County +on the crest and eastern slope of the northern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). These localities are all in +Core Area +2 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Gongshan County on the crest and eastern slope of the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFABFFCB3C2C648DFB9F7623.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFABFFCB3C2C648DFB9F7623.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..aab8c423f41 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFABFFCB3C2C648DFB9F7623.xml @@ -0,0 +1,801 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +shibalicus +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 24 +, +16d +, +40b +, +42b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1017532”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, north bank of +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.18416° +/ +E98.72026° +,”/ “ + +3100 m + +, + +8 August 2005 + +Stop #DHK-2005-067A D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +J.F. Zhang +collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Trechus shibalicus +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(a total of 43): +1 male +and +3 females +(in +IOZ +, +CAS +) labeled: same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1017531” and “CASENT 1017533” to “CASENT 1017535”, respectively + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1014204”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +11.5 km +above Shibali on Yaping Road + +, +N27.20676° +/ +E98.71763° +,”/ “ + +3290 m + +, + +8 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004-040 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., Li X.-Y., & Zhu B.-X. collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1018365”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, headwaters of +North Fork Yamu He +just +E of Shibali Yakou +, + +3450 m + +,”/ “ +N27.21034° +/ +E98.70141° +, + +7 August 2005 + +, Stop# LHB-05-52, +H.B. Liang +& +J.F. Zhang +collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1018605”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, headwaters of +North Fork Yamu He +just +E of Shibali Yakou +, + +3450 m + +,”/ “ +N27.21034° +/ +E98.70141° +, + +12 August 2005 + +, Stop# LHB-05- 54, +H.B. Liang +& +J.F. Zhang +collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1018844”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, +Shibali area +, + +2535 m + +, +N27.16536° +/ +E98.78003° +, + +4-17 August 2005 + +,”/ “Stop# DHK-2005-059 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +P. Paquin +, & +D.Z. Dong +collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1020015”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lumadeng Township +, second cirque +S of Shibali Yakou +, + +3675 m + +,”/ “ +N27.20244° +/ +E98.69526° +, + +17 August 2005 + +, Stop# DHK-2005-093, D.H. +Kavanaugh +collector” + +; + +2 males +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1020903” to “CASENT 1020904” and “CASENT 1020905” to “CASENT 1020906”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, +Shibali Yakou +, + +3612 m + +, +N27.21231° +/ +E98.69575° +, + +7 August 2005 + +,”/ “Stop# DHK-2005-066, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +P. Paquin +, & +D.Z. Dong +collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1021290”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +0.5 km +NE of Shibali Yakou + +, +N27.21447° +/ +E98.70064° +,”/ “ + +3460 m + +, + +12 August 2005 + +, Stop# DHK-2005-077, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +P. Paquin +, & +D.Z. Dong +collectors” + +; + +6 males +and +5 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1022286” to “CASENT 1022291” and “CASENT 1022292” to “CASENT 1022296”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lumadeng Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +North Fork of Yamu He +,”/ “ +N27.18416° +/ +E98.72026° +,”/ “ + +3100 m + +, + +5 May 2004 + +, Stop #LHB-04-023 Lian H.-B., Li X.-Y., & Zhu B.-Q. collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1023606”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +11.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +N27.20676° +/ +E98.771763° +,”/ “ + +3290 m + +, + +6 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004- 036 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., & Zhu B.-X. collectors” + +; + +9 males +and +4 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: “CASENT 1023743” to “CASENT 1023745” and “CASENT 1023747” to “CASENT 1023752” and “CASENT 1023753” to “CASENT 1023756”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.18416° +/ +E98.72026° +,”/ “ + +3100 m + +, + +7 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004- 038A D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., & Zhu B.-X. collectors” + +; + +1 male +and +3 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1023775” and “CASENT 1023776” to “CASENT 1023778”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lumadeng Township +, + +8.5 km +above +Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +North Fork of Yamu He +,”/ “ +N27.18326° +/ +E98.72002° +, + +3100 m + +, + +7 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004-038B D.H. +Kavanaugh +collector”. +All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechus shibalicus +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Shiyueliang Township +, 8, + +5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.18416° +/ +E98.72026° +, + +3100 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +shibalicus + +, is derived from the name of settlement, Shibali, at and near which specimens of the +type +series were collected, and the Latin adjectival suffix, +-icus +, meaning belonging to or pertaining to. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 24a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size small (BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +), apterous; body color reddish brown; tempora glabrous, short and distinctly convex; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.44), basal angles rectangular or slightly acute and sharp; elytra with striae finely punctate, lateral striae more or less effaced, recurrent stria abruptly interrupted at slight convexity at posterior end of stria 7, two typical discal setae present, preapical seta present and inserted in a discal, forward position near apical one-fourth of elytra on interval 3 next to stria 2; male aedeagus with sagittal aileron present but reduced, apical lamella slender with blunt apex, endophallus with a distinct scaly area. + + + + +FIGURE +24. + +Trechus shibalicus + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1017532). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1017532), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. shibalicus + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size small, BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +. Body color dark brown and shiny, elytra slightly reddish near sutural and lateral margins, appendages paler reddish yellow, palpi paler yellow. Body surface smooth. + + +Head. Short and thick, eyes slightly convex, their diameter slightly greater than length of tempora, the latter glabrous and distinctly convex. Frons not flattened; frontal furrows deep, broadly rounded, not attenuated posteriorly. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair insert- ed in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. Right mandible as in +Fig. 16d +. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +with median tooth bifid apically, half as long as lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae rather short, with about 1.5 to 2 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 3 about equal in length, antennomere 4 slightly shorter. + +Pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.44), greatest width slightly anterior to middle, slightly narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins rounded, abruptly sinuate just anterior to basal angles, the latter rectangular or slightly acute and sharp. Disc convex; median longitudinal impression distinctly impressed, slightly widened and deepened in the median basal area, the latter also with several longitudinal rugulae and delimited laterally by short, oblique furrows. Basal foveae distinct, small and rounded. Lateral margination narrow and slightly widened basally, lateral border slightly reflexed, lateral grooves distinctly impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + +Elytra. Ovoid, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex; striae finely punctate, striae 1 to 4 distinctly impressed, the more lateral striae more or less effaced, stria 6 barely perceptible, stria 7 and 8 indistinct. Scutellar striole short but deeply impressed. Recurrent stria distinct, abruptly interrupted at slight convexity at posterior end of stria 7. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted in a prediscal position on interval 3 next to stria +2 in +forward position more than twice as far from apex as from sutural margin\. + +Legs. Short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 24b +) with base moderate in size, sagittal aileron present but reduced, shaft moderately thick subbasally, apical lamella narrowed, moderately elongate, with blunt apex; endophallus only faintly sclerotized but with a distinct scaly area. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in a variety of microhabitats over a broad elevational range, from +2535 to 3675 m +. They have been collected in daytime from under stones in thickets of bamboo (various elevations) ( +Fig. 42b +), in subalpine forests of scattered + +Abies + +and +Rhodondendron +mixed with bamboo thickets (at +3290 m +), in rocky open areas cleared by snow avalanches but shaded by +3 meter +high herbaceous cover ( +3100 m +) ( +Fig. 40b +), in meadows adjacent to bamboo and +Rhodondendron +thickets ( +3400 m +) and along roadcuts through such thickets, and on talus and vegtetated slopes in a glacial cirque ( +3675 m +). At the lowest record- ed elevation ( +2535 m +), +one specimen +was collected under a stone along a roadcut on moist, shad- ed ground. At both highest and lowest elevations, they were the only trechine encountered; but they were found syntopic with specimens of + +Trechus shiyueliang + +, + +Trechus pseudoqiqiensis +, +Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa + +sp. nov. +, and + +Trechepaphiopsis unipilosa + +sp. nov. +at one or more mid-elevation ( +3100 to 3290 m +) sites. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 24c +. +We +examined a total of +44 specimens +( +23 males +and +21 females +), all from +Fugong County +on the eastern slope and crest of the northcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). These localities are all in +Core Area +3 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Fugong County in the northcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFADFFB23C2C63BBFF0C76E7.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFADFFB23C2C63BBFF0C76E7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..48e0680099b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFADFFB23C2C63BBFF0C76E7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +luzhangensis +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 22 +, +43a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1017595”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Lushui County +, +Luzhang Township +, +Piana Road +at +Fengxue Yakou +, +N25.97228° +/ +E98.68336° +, + +3150 m + +, + +11 May 2005 + +,”/ “Stop# 2005-007, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +C.E. Griswold +, +D.Z. Dong +& +K.J. Guo +collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Trechus luzhangensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(only 1): a female (in +CAS +) labeled same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1017596” and last label “ +PARATYPE + +Trechus luzhangensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Lushui County +, +Luzhang Township +, +Pianma Road +at +Fengxue Yakou +[Pass], +N25.97228° +/ +E98.68336° +, + +3150 m + + +. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— The species epithet, + +luzhangensis + +, is derived from the name of the township, Luzhang, in which the +type +locality is found, and the Latin suffix, +-ensis +, denoting place. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 22a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size medium (BL = +3.7 to 3.8 mm +), apterous; body color dark piceous, shiny, elytra with interval 1, lateral margins and apicomedial area reddish; tempora glabrous, convex, half as long as diameter of eyes; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.46), basal angles rectangular and sharp; elytra ovoid, convex, striae finely impressed, striae 1 to 3 deeply impressed on disc, not attenuated apically, remaining striae successively less distinct, the outermost very faint but still evident; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly at distinct convexity of interval 7; two discal setae present, inserted on interval 3 next to stria 3; preapical seta present and inserted in a discal position on interval 3, near stria +2 in +forward position near apical one-fourth of elytra; median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 22b +) with moderate-sized sagittal aileron, apical lamella short and thick, with apex blunt, endophallus with a sclerotized line and a scaly area. + + + + +FIGURE +22. + +Trechus luzhangensis + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1017595). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1017595), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. luzhangensis + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size medium, BL = +3.7 to 3.8 mm +. Body color dark piceous, shiny, elytra with interval 1, lateral margins and apicomedial area more or less reddish, appendages paler, yellowish-orange, palpi pale yellow. Body surface smooth, head capsule faintly alutaceous. + + +Head. Moderate in size; eyes only slightly projected but convex, their diameter twice as long as tempora, the latter short, moderately convex and glabrous. Frons not flattened; frontal furrows deep, rounded, prolonged and not attenuated posterior to the eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. Mandibles short; right mandible distinctly tridentate with middle tooth closer to basal tooth (premolar) than to distal tooth. +Mentum +and submentum not fused but nearly so, suture between them only faintly impressed. +Mentum +with medial tooth apically truncate, less than half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly, swollen anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae rather short, with about 2 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 3 about equal in length, antennomere 4 slightly shorter. + +Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.46), moderately narrowed posteriorly, greatest width anterior to middle; lateral margins widely rounded, straightened only just anterior to basal angles, the latter very small, but projected, acute and sharp. Disc convex, smooth and glabrous, median longitudinal impression slender but sharply impressed, extended anteriorly to near anterior margin; basal foveae distinct, subcircular; median basal area faintly, longitudinally rugulose, delimited laterally by obliquely curved furrows. Lateral borders of pronotum moderately slender, narrowly reflexed, lateral grooves deeply impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + +Elytra. Ovoid, only slightly more narrowed basally than apically, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex and smooth. Striae finely impressed, not or only faintly punctate; striae 1 to 3 deeply impressed on disc, not attenuated apically, remaining striae successively less distinct, the outermost very faint but still evident. Parascutellar striole present. Recurrent stria terminated anteriorly at distinct convexity of interval 7. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted in a prediscal position on interval 3, closer to stria 2 than +3 in +forward position at apical one-fourth of elytra. Umbilicate setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of median group inserted slightly posterior to middle. + +Legs. Relatively short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 22b +) only moderately enlarged basally but with a mediumsized sagittal aileron present; shaft narrow subbasally, progressively thicker toward subapical portion; apical lamella short and thick, with apex blunt, endophallus with a sclerotized line and a scaly area, similar to that seen in males of + +T. shiyueliang + +sp. nov. +( +Fig. 18b +). + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found under stones on slopes above ( +Fig. 43a +) and below the road and both side of the pass at an elevation of +3150 m +. The habitat in this area includes broken scrub vegetation of two to four meter high bamboo and + +Rhododendron + +thickets on a thin layer of organic substrate, as well as open areas with stones on granitic sand substrate, and small seeps. Both specimens were found at the edges of thickets on organic substrate. No other trechines were found at this site. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + +. + +Fig. 22c +. +We +examined a total of +2 specimens +( +1 male +and +1 female +), both from the crest of the southcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Lushui County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). This locality straddles Core Areas 4 and 5 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +. + + +This species currently is known only from the +type +locality on the crest of the southcentral part of the +Gaoligong Shan +, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFAEFFB73C2C6191FBAD7384.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFAEFFB73C2C6191FBAD7384.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8827b66975c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFAEFFB73C2C6191FBAD7384.xml @@ -0,0 +1,833 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +gongshanensis +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 16c +, +23 +, +38a +, +39a, 39b +, +40a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1001929”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, +Nujiang State Nature Reserve +, +Dulong +/ +Gongshan Yakou area +, 21 airkm +W of Gongshan +,”/ “ +N27.69655° +/ +E98.45389° +, + +3300-3680 m + +, + +16-17 July 2000 + +, Stop#00-24C, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., D. Ubick, & Dong D.-Z. collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Trechus gongshanensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(a total of 51): +1 male +and +4 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1001928” and “CASENT 1001930” to “CASENT 1001932” and “CASENT 1008148”, respectively + +; + +8 males +and +4 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1010348” to “CASENT 1010355” and “CASENT 1010356” to “CASENT 1010359”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +52.6 km +W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road + +, + +3360-3380 m + +,”/ “ +N27.77032° +/ +E98.44661° +, + +3360-3380 m + +, + +1-2 October 2002 + +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +P.E. Marek +collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1024869”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, on slope +NE of Chukuai Lake +, + +3950 m + +,”/ “ +N27.98206° +/ +E98.48027° +, + +20 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-086 +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, +D.Z. Dong +& +J. Wang +collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1025105”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.4 km +NW of Chukuai Lake + +,”/ “ +N27.98231° +/ +E98.47069° +, + +3808 m + +, + +21 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-094 +D.Z. Dong +collector”/ +2 males +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1025164” to “CASENT 1025165” and “CASENT 1025162” to “CASENT 1025163”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of Kawakarpu Shan, + +0.75 km +NW of Chukuai Lake + +,”/ “ +N27.98631° +/ +E98.47069° +, + +3820 m + +, + +21 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-095 +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, & +J. Wang +collectors” + +; + +1 male +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1025833” and “CASENT 1025834” to “CASENT 1025835”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite,”/ “ +N27.98631° +/ +E98.47069° +, + +3820 m + +, + +21 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-082 +Y. Liu +collector” + +; + +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1025920”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +at +Chukuai Lake +, + +3720 m + +,”/ “ +N27.98121° +/ +E98.47580° +, + +19 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-095B D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, +D.Z. Dong +, +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, & +J. Wang +collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1025939”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite, +N27.97686° +/ +E98.47799° +,”/ “ + +3750 m + +, + +19 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-095C D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, +D.Z. Dong +, +Y. Liu +, +P. Hu +, & +J. Wang +collectors” + +; + +4 males +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1026196” to “CASENT 1026199” and “CASENT 1026200” to “CASENT 1026201”, respectively/ / “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +NNE of Chukuai Lake + +, +N27.98393° +/ +E98.47491° +,”/ “ + +3745 m + +, + +19 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-081 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, & +D.Z. Dong +collectors” + +; + +3 males +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1026320” to “CASENT 1026322”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +0.1 km +SE of Heipu Yakou + +in valley below tunnel, +N27.76978° +/ +E98.44681° +,”/ “ + +3720 m + +, + +13 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-073 D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +J.A. Miller +collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1026366”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +at +Chukuai Lake +, + +3720 m + +,”/ “ +N27.98121° +/ +E98.47580° +, + +19 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-080 D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +J.A. Miller +collectors” + +; + +8 males +and +5 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: “CASENT 10263824” to “CASENT 10263831” and “CASENT 10263819” to “CASENT 10263823”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +at +Chukuai Lake +, + +3720 m + +,”/ “ +N27.98121° +/ +E98.47580° +, + +18 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-079 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +Y. Liu +collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechus gongshanensis +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + +FIGURE +23. + +Trechus gongshanensis + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1001929). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1001929, left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality record s(red circles) for + +T. gongshanensis + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Dongshaofang area +, +N27.69655° +/ +E95.45389° +, + +3300-3600 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +gongshanensis + +, is derived from the name of the county, Gongshan, in which all specimens of the +type +series were collected, and the Latin suffix, +-ensis +, denoting place. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 23a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size small (BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +), apterous; body color dark piceous, elytra slightly reddish near sutural and lateral margins; tempora glabrous and only slightly convex; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.45), basal angles acute and sharp; elytra convex, discal striae 1 to 3 or 4 finely impressed, striae 6 to 8 effaced, recurrent stria joined anteriorly with apex of stria 7, two discal setae present on interval 3 next to stria 3, preapical seta present and inserted in a discal, forward position near apical one-fourth of elytra on interval 3, near stria +2 in +most individuals, nearer to stria +3 in +a few; aedeagus of male with base robust, apical lamella elongate with apex blunt, endophallus with a slightly sclerotized scaly area. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size small, BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +. Body color dark piceous and shiny, elytra slightly reddish near sutural and lateral margins, appendages paler reddish yellow, palpi paler yellow. Body surface smooth, head capsule faintly alutaceous. + + +Head. Moderate in size, eyes moderately convex, their diameter only slightly longer than length of tempora, the latter glabrous and only slightly convex. Frontal furrows deep, rounded, slightly attenuated posteriorly but prolonged posterior to the eyes. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, apical margin distinctly concave. Right mandible as in +Fig. 16c +. +Mentum +and submentum not fused but nearly so, suture between them very fine and only faintly impressed. +Mentum +with medial area concave, median tooth short, apically bifid, less than half as long as lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly, swollen anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae short, extended posteriorly to basal one-fifth of elytra, with about 2 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 2 or 4. + +Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.45), widest at anterior one-third, narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins rounded, then abruptly sinuate just anterior to basal angles, the latter acute, sharp and slightly projected laterally. Disc convex, smooth, median longitudinal impression finely impressed but prolonged to the basal margin, slightly widened and deepened in the median basal area, the latter also with several faint longitudinal rugulae and delimited anteriorly by an arcuate posterior transverse impression that is partially effaced medially. Basal foveae distinct but smooth. Basal margin nearly rectilinear. Lateral margination slender throughout and narrowly reflexed, lateral grooves distinctly impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted slightly anterior to apex of basal angle. + +Elytra. Ovoid, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex, with striae 1 to 3 or 4 finely impressed, the more lateral striae successively more faintly impressed, striae 7 and 8 effaced, striae slightly and irregularly punctate. Parascutellar striole rudimentary. Recurrent stria distinct, moderately deep, terminated at the posterior end of stria 7. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted in a prediscal position on interval 3, closer to stria 2 than +3 in +most specimens (closer to stria +3 in +a few) in forward position at apical one-fourth of elytra. + +Legs. Relatively short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. ( +Fig. 23b +). Median lobe with basal bulb robust and with a thick sagittal aileron; apical lamella elongate, slightly tapered, with apex blunt. Endophallus nearly unarmed, with only a faintly sclerotized scaly area. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in a variety of microhabitats in the alpine zone at elevations ranging from +3360 to 3950 m +. Specimens were collected from under stones in moist meadows, on tundra slopes and ridges with sparse to thick herbaceous vegetation ( +Fig. 38a +, +39b +, +40a +) and at the edges of small streams and seeps from talus slopes ( +Fig. 39a +). They were also collected in pitfall traps placed at the edges of + +Rhododendron + +thickets up to two meters tall. Members of this species have been found syntopic with specimens of + +Queinnectrechus +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli + +, + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +griswoldi + +, + +Queinnectrechus +( +s. str. +) +gongshanicus + +, and + +Trechus qiqiensis + +at one or more sites. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 23c +. +We +examined a total of +52 specimens +( +22 males +and +30 females +), all from +Bingzhiongluo +and +Cikai Townships in Gongshan County +on the crest and eastern slope of the northern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). These localities are all in +Core Area +2 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Gongshan County in the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB1FFAF3C2C6292FE187664.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB1FFAF3C2C6292FE187664.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b2db555b894 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB1FFAF3C2C6292FE187664.xml @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Eocnides fragilis +Uéno, 1989 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 15 +, +45–48 +) + + + + + + + +Eocnides fragilis + +Uéno, 1989:14 + + + +. +Holotype +, a male, in NMST. Type locality: +China +, +Sichuan +, +Nanping County +, +Jiuzhaigou +, +Xiajijie Hai +, ca. + +2600 m + +. + + + + + + +Agonotrechiotes longiantennatus +Deuve 2010:17 + + +. + +NEW + + +SYNONYMY + + + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 15a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = +4.8 to 5.2 mm +), fully-winged; body color pale, brownish-tan; head with eyes only moderate in size; frontal furrows attenuated; anterior pair of supraorbital setae not foveate; pronotum slightly transverse (ratio PW/PL= 1.48), median longitudinal impression distinctly impressed, especially basally, least so at middle; basal foveae prolonged anteriorly parallel to lateral margin in basal one-half; elytra with discal stria 2 partially effaced near base, striae 5 and 6 faintly but distinctly impressed; medi- an lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 15b +) slender, apex slightly recurved ventrally. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species were found by splashing gravel bars at the edges of a small, lowland stream adjacent to disturbed, agricultural areas, at elevations ranging from +1610 to 1630 m +. This microhabitat is similar to that described by +Uéno (1999b) +for specimens collected at Munigou He, +2670 m +, in Songpan County, northern +Sichuan +. No other trechines were collected at these sites. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 15c +. +We +examined a total of +2 specimens +( +1 male +and +1 female +) from the following localities: + +Gongshan County +: + +Bingzhongluo Township +( +Niwaluo He +, just below +Nu Jiang Road +, + +1630 m + +, +N28.05140° +/ +E98.59319° +, + +8 October 2002 + +, +D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +P.E. Marek +and +D.Z. Dong +collectors [ +1 male +; +CAS +]; +Bingzhongluo Township +( +Yimaluo He +, just below +Nu Jiang Road +, + +1610 m + +, +N28.02499° +/ +E98.62564° +, + +8 October 2002 + +, +D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +P.E. Marek +and +H.B. Liang +collectors [ +1 female +; +IOZ +]. +Both +of these localities are in +Core Area +2. + + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— +Fig. 45 +. This species has been recorded previously from five localities in northern +Sichuan Province +, in Jiuzhaigou and Songpan Counties ( +Uéno 1989 +, +1999b +) and in Luding County ( +Deuve 2010 +). We report here the following new record for +Sichuan +: +Wenchuan County +: Qionglai +Shan +, Sanjiang Township (Sanjiang Nature Reserve, river at gate to reserve, +1300 m +, +N30.94697° +/ +E103.31217° +, +9 September 2007 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +collector [ +1 female +; CAS]. This record extends the range of + +E. fragilis + +in +Sichuan +. The discovery of + +E. fragilis + +in the northern Gaoligong +Shan region +, in western +Yunnan Province +, extends its known range an additional +260 km +SW. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB5FFAA3C2C626AFC5F7233.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB5FFAA3C2C626AFC5F7233.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c80e056ee70 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB5FFAA3C2C626AFC5F7233.xml @@ -0,0 +1,734 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Queinnectrechus +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 14 +, +37b +, +39b +, +40a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1001935”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, +Nujiang State Nature Reserve +, +Dulong +/ + +Gongshan +Yakou + +[= +Qiqi +/ +Dulong +divide] area, 21 airkm +W of Gongshan +,”/ “ +N27.69655° +/ +E98.45389° +, + +3300-3680m + +, + +16-17 July 2000 + +, Stop#00-24C, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., D. Ubick, & Dong D.-Z. collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Queinnectrechus +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(a total of 32): +2 males +and +12 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled same as +holotype +except first label “CASENT 1001933” to “CASENT 1001934” and “CASENT 1001936” to “CASENT 1001947”, respectively + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled “CASENT 1010343”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +52.6 km +W of Gongshan on Dulong Valley Road + +, + +3360-3380 m + +,”/ “ +N27.77032° +/ +E098.44661° +, + +1- 2 October 2002 + +, Stop #DHK-2002-034, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +P.E. Marek +collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled “CASENT 1024375”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, southeast slope of +Heipu Yakou +, + +3365 m + +, +N27.77032° +/ +E098.44674° +,”/ “ + +11 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-069A, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +Y. Liu +collectors” + +; + +3 males +and +2 females +(in +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled “CASENT 1025840” to “CASENT 1025842” and “CASENT 1025838” to “CASENT 1025839”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite,”/ “ +N27.97686° +/ +E098.44779° +, + +3750 m + +, + +19 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-082 +Y. Liu +collector” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled “CASENT 1026202”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +, + +0.3 km +NNE of Chukuai Lake + +, +N27.98393° +/ +E098.47491° +,”/ “ + +3745 m + +, + +19 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-081 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +J.A. Miller +, & +D.Z. Dong +collectors” + +; + +5 males +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled ““CASENT 1026323” to “CASENT 1026327” and “CASENT 1026328” to “CASENT 1026329”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Cikai Township +, + +0.1 km +SE of Heipu Yakou + +in valley below tunnel, +N27.76978° +/ +E98.44681° +,”/ “ + +3720 m + +, + +13 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-073 D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +J.A. Miller +collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled “CASENT 1026707”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Dulongjiang Township +, NW slope of +Heipu Yakou +, + +3350 m + +, +N27.77437° +/ +E098.44793° +,”/ “ + +13 August 2006 + +, Stop #DHK-2006-075 D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +J.A. Miller +collectors” + +; + +2 females +(in +IOZ +) labeled “CASENT 1026817” and “CASENT 1026818”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan +at +Chukuai Lake +, + +3720 m + +,”/ “ +N27.98121° +/ +E098.47580° +, + +18 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-079 +J.A. Miller +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +Y. Liu +collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE +Queinnectrechu +s + +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Gongshan County +, +Qiqi +/ +Dulong +divide area, +N27.69655° +/ +E98.45389° +, + +3300-3680 m + + +. + + + +FIGURE +14. + +Queinnectrechus +( +Gaoligongtrechus +) +balli + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1001935). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1001935), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +Q. balli + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +balli + +, is the Latinized form (in the genitive case) of the surname of George Eugene Ball, Professor Emeritus at the University of +Alberta +, Edmonton, +Alberta +, +Canada +— our mentor, dear friend, and one of the world’s most accomplished and inspirational systematists. We are pleased to name this extraordinary species in his honor. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 14a +) can be distinguished from those of all other trechine species in the region by the combination of character states noted in the diagnosis for this genus. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size moderate, BL = +4.3 to 4.8 mm +. Color of dorsum dark, forebody dark reddish brown, elytra piceous to black, antennae and legs reddish brown, palpi slightly paler, reddish tan; surface smooth and markedly shiny. + + +Head. Slightly elongate, with eyes small but convex, their diameter less than length of tempora. Tempora not or only slightly convex, glabrous, and joined to neck region at a markedly obtuse (ca. 150°) angle. Frons with deep frontal furrow that delimit three (two lateral and medial) very convex areas, however furrows abruptly interrupted or less impressed posteriorly; two pairs of supraorbital seta present, the anterior pair inserted near middle of eyes, the posterior pair inserted dorsally on the tempora near the postocular furrow. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. Right mandible tridentate, with the middle tooth reduced, obtuse, left mandible with premolar tooth fused with retinaculum to form a small caniniform process with a sharp tip. +Mentum +and submentum fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth broad, truncate, about half as long as lateral lobes, the latter apically pointed. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Genae with a single ventral seta on each side. Antennae pubescent from apical half of scape distally, extended posteriorly to basal one-third of elytra, with four antennomeres posterior to the pronotal base, antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 4. + +Pronotum. Narrowly cordate, not transverse, about as long as wide (PW/PL = 1.0), markedly narrowed posteriorly, the lateral margins distinctly sinuate anterior to basal angles, the latter acute, projected, but without digitiform extensions. Disc markedly convex, globose, glabrous; median longitudinal impression faintly impressed; basal foveae formed as small, deep, circular pits, medi- an basal area smooth, faintly delimited, basal margin dilated medially as a broad, round projection. Lateral margination narrow, evident only in anterior one-third, effaced in posterior two-thirds. Two or three anteromedial setae and a single basal seta present on each side, the latter inserted slightly but distinctly anterior to basal angle. +Elytra. Elytral silhouette tear-shaped, narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, widest distinctly posterior to middle, humeri effaced, basal part of lateral explanation not visible from above. Disc markedly convex and smooth, with basal part abruptly and truncate, concave, fitted to convex base of pronotum, without distinct discal striae, except recurrent stria short but evidently impressed. Parascutellar setiferous pore present. Four to six discal setae present and aligned near presumed location of stria 3. Preapical seta present, inserted slightly more medially than the row of discal setae. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group aggregated with distance between first and second setae less than between second and third and third and fourth, setae of median group distinctly posterior to middle. +Legs. Moderately long but slender; protibiae with longitudinal furrow, sparely pubescent apically on anterior surface. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side and ventrite VII of females with two setae on each side. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 14b +) slender, bent basally about 90° to shaft, basal bulb with a large sagittal aileron, apex short and slightly narrowed, blunt; endophallus with a pair of slender sclerites tapered to points on both ends. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— Members of this new genus exhibit practically the same chaetotaxic pattern as those of genus + +Kozlovites +Jeannel (1935) + +, with a row of four to six discal setae apparently aligned on interval +3 in +or near stria 3 and a preapical seta apparently inserted on interval 3 near stria 2 but in a position forward of the level of the anterior tip of the recurrent stria. However, + +Gaoligongtrechus + +members are distinguished from those of + +Kozlovites + +(and of + +Uenoites +Belousov and Kabak 2016 + +) by the extreme convexity of both the pronotum and elytra, which are of similar form to that seen in members of + +Queinnectrechus + +( +s. str. +), and by the posterior projection of the pronotal basal area and margin and its fit with the modified elytral base. Additional distinguishing features include the lateral marginations, each of which bears one or two anteromedial setae and is effaced in the posterior two-thirds, the effaced elytral discal striae, the medial tooth of the mentum truncate rather than bifid, the abdominal ventrites each with only a single pair of paramedial setae, except for the female ventrite VII which has two pairs of subapical paramedial setae, as is typical among +Trechini +. In addition, Belousov and Kabak (2016) considered the apex of the male median lobe formed as a large apical hook as a synapomorphy for + +Kozlovites +species. + +The apex of the medi- an lobe of + +Q. +( +G. +) +balli + +males ( +Fig. 14b +) has no trace of a hook; and the slender shaft and abruptly bent (at a 90° angle) basal region are unlike that seen in males of any described + +Kozlovites + +or + +Uenoites +species. + + + +Members of subgenus + +Gaoligongtrechus + +differ from those of subgenus + +Queinnectrechus +Deuve + +and + +Dactylotrechus +Belousov and Kabak, (2003) + +, in having the basal pronotal angles simple, without the digitiform extensions seen in members of these two genera. Like + +Dactylotrechus + +members, those of our new subgenus have anterolateral setae in the pronotal margins and a preapical seta apparently inserted near stia 2; however, this seta is inserted farther forward, in a subdiscal position, in + +Q. +( +G. +) +balli + +members. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found under stones on moist, organic substrate in alpine meadows, slopes and ridges with low, dense to sparse herbaceous vegetation, at elevations ranging from +3300 to 3750 m +( +Fig. 37b +, +39b +, +40a +). +One specimen +was collected at night, found walking on the barren slope of a roadcut at +3350 m +elevation. Members of this species have been found together (syntopic) repeatedly with specimens of + +Queinnectrechus gongshanicus + +, + +Queinnectrechus griswoldi + +, + +Trechus gongshanensis + +sp. nov. +, and + +Trechus qiqiensis + +sp. nov. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 14c +. +We +examined a total of +33 specimens +( +12 males +and +21 females +), all from the northern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +, in +Bingzhongluo +, +Cikai +and +Dulongjiang Townships in Gongshan County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). These localities are in Core Areas 1 and 2 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB8FFB93C2C630AFC7975E3.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB8FFB93C2C630AFC7975E3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e29426b2275 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFB8FFB93C2C630AFC7975E3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,512 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +shiyueliang +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 18 +, +40b +, +42b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1021004”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +10-11 km +W of Shibali on Shibali Road + +, + +3200-3280 m + +, NN27.19980°/ +E98.71375° +to +N27.20654° +/ +E98.71772° +,”/ + +8 August 2005 + +, Stop#DHK-2005-068 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +P. Paquin +, & +D.Z. Dong +collectors”/ “IMAGE” [green label]/ “ + +HOLOTYPE + +Trechus shiyueliang +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label]. + +Paratypes +(a total of 8): +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled same as +holotype +, except first label: “CASENT 1021005” + +; + +1 male +and +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1018374” and “CASENT 1018373”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +10 km +W of Shibali on Shibali Road + +, + +3221 m + +,”/, +N27.20055° +/ +E98.71399° +, + +16 August 2005 + +, Stop #PP-3805 +P. Paquin +collector” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1023759”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.18416° +/ +E98.72026° +,”/ “ + +3100 m + +, + +7 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004-038A D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., & Zhu B.-X. collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1020019”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lumadeng Township +, ridge +S of Shibali Yakou +, +N27.20802° +/ +E98.69644° +,”/ “ + +3740 m + +, + +12 August 2005 + +, Stop #DHK-2005-092 D. H. +Kavanaugh +collectors” + +; + +2 males +and +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1021323” to “CASENT 1021324” and “CASENT 1021325”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lumadeng Township +, + +Lao +Shibali Yakou + +, + +3270 m + +, +N27.06429° +/ +E98.75123° +, + +13 August 2005 + +,”/ “Stop# DHK-2005-079, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +G. Tang +collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechus shiyueliang +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Shiyueliang Township +, + +10-11 km +W of Shibali on Shibali Road + +, + +3200-3280 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +shiyueliang + +, a noun in apposition, is derived from the name of the township in which the +type +locality is located, Shiyueliang. This is the current name for the former Lishadi township. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 18a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size relatively large (BL = 4.0 to +4.2 mm +), apterous; body color reddish-brown; head slightly elongate; tempora glabrous; pronotum moderately transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.42); elytra with striae not or faintly punctate, recurrent stria continuous anteriorly with stria 5, two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, preapical seta present and inserted next to stria +2 in +forward position near apical one-fourth of elytra; median lobe of male aedeagus with apex thin and faintly reflexed dorsally in lateral view ( +Fig. 18b +), endophallus with only a single, small thin elongate sclerite. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size relatively large, BL = 4.0 to +4.2 mm +. Body color reddish-brown, shiny, appendages slightly paler. Body surface smooth, head capsule finely alutaceous. + + +Head. Moderate in size, slightly elongate and thick; eyes small and moderately convex, their diameter about 1.5 times as long as tempora, the latter short, moderately convex and glabrous. Frons slightly flattened; frontal furrows deep, rounded, slightly attenuated posterior to the eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. Mandibles short; right mandible tridentate with middle tooth closer to basal tooth (premolar) than to distal tooth. +Mentum +and submentum not fully fused but nearly so, suture between them only faintly impressed. +Mentum +with medial tooth apically truncate, less than one-half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly, swollen anteriorly. Gula wide. Genae with a single seta ventrally on each side. Antennae short, with less than two antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 3 and 4 slightly longer than antennomere 2. + +Pronotum. Moderately transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.42), narrowed posteriorly, greatest width near anterior one-third; lateral margins markedly rounded, straightened only just anterior to small, rectangular and sharp basal angles. Disc convex, smooth and glabrous, median longitudinal impression deeply impressed, interrupted anteriorly a short distance from anterior margin; basal foveae distinct; median basal area with several faint, irregular, punctiform depressions, delimited laterally by oblique furrows. Lateral borders of pronotum moderately slender, regular, slightly reflexed, lateral grooves deeply impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted at anteri- or one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted slightly anterior to apex of basal angle. + +Elytra. Ovoid, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex and smooth. Striae not or only faintly punctate, striae 1 to 5 deeply impressed, striae 6 to 8 very faintly impressed but evident. Parascutellar striole present. Recurrent stria continuous anteriorly with stria 5. Basal setiferous pore present at common origin of striae 1 and 2. Two discal setae present and inserted next to stria 3, one at anterior one-fourth and one near middle of elytra. Preapical seta present and inserted on interval 3 next to stria +2 in +forward position near apical one-fourth of elytra. + +Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of median group inserted slightly posterior to middle. +Legs. Short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 18b +) moderately broad basally with sagittal aileron present and moderate in size; shaft gradually narrowed toward apex; apical lamella short, rectilinear, extremely thin and slightly recurved dorsally in lateral view; endophallus with a single thin and elongate sclerite. + + + +FIGURE +18. + +Trechus shiyueliang + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1021004). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1021004), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality record s(red circles) for + +T. shiyueliang + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in a variety of microhabitats at elevations ranging from +3100 to 3740 m +. They have been collected in daytime from under stones in thickets of bamboo and + +Prunus + +, in rocky open areas cleared by snow avalanches ( +Fig. 40b +), in meadows adjacent to bamboo and + +Rhododendron + +thickets ( +Fig. 42b +) and along roadcuts through such thickets. They have also been collected at night, found walking on the substrate along roadcuts through areas of bamboo with an overstory of scattered + +Abies + +trees. At higher elevations, they were the only trechine encountered in this area; but they were found syntopic with specimens of + +Trechus shibalicus + +sp. nov. +, + +Trechepaphiopsis unipilosa + +sp. nov. +and + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa + +sp. nov. +at the upper limit of the altitudinal range of this last mentioned species ( +3100 m +). + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 18c +. +We +examined a total of +9 specimens +( +5 males +and +4 females +), all from +Fugong County +on the eastern slope and crest of the northcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). These localities are all in +Core Area +3 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from the northcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFBCFFA43C2C6357FC1E7404.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFBCFFA43C2C6357FC1E7404.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bc9236e7752 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFBCFFA43C2C6357FC1E7404.xml @@ -0,0 +1,663 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +Trechus +) +indicus +Putzeys, 1870 + + + + + + + +( +Figs. 16b +, +17 +, +41a +, +44 +, +45–48 +) + + + + + + + +Trechus indicus +Putzeys, 1870:175 + + +. +Holotype +, lost (see +Jeannel 1923 +, footnote p. 416). Type locality: eastern + + + +India +. + +Trechus +( +s. str. +) +indicus +Putzeys + +: +Jeannel, 1927:157 +, 158 (in part) + +Trechus +( +s. str. +) +macrops +Jeannel, 1927:157 + +, 160 (in part). +Type +locality: +China +, +Yunnan +. Synonymized by + + + + +Jeannel (1935: 275) +. + +Trechus macrops +Jeannel + +: +Andrewes, 1935 +63, 67. + +Trechus indicus +Putzeys + +: +Jeannel, 1935:275 +. + +Trechus indicus +Putzeys + +: +Deuve, 1988:80 +. + +Trechus +( +s. str. +) +indicus +Putzeys + +: +Uéno 1977:181 +. + +Trechus +( +s. str. +) +macrops +Jeannel + +: +Uéno & Yin, 1993:354 +. These authors considered + +T. macrops + +as a distinct species. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 17a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size large for genus (BL = 4.2 to 5.0 mm); fully-winged; eyes markedly large, tempora very short, joined to neck region at nearly a right angle; frontal furrows angulate at midlength; right mandible as in +Fig. 16b +; mentum and submentum not fused; mentum with medial tooth simple, triangular; antennae with antennomeres 3 and 4 subequal in length, antennomere 2 slightly shorter; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.43), with lateral margins not sinuate posteriorly, straight just anterior to basal angles, the latter small and rectangular, lateral explanation very wide basally, basal margin slightly convex medally; elytra oblong, lateral discal striae effaced, only the medial four or five striae distinctly impressed, recurrent stria markedly impressed; preapical seta absent or vestigial, two discal setae present, inserted in stria 3 at anterior one-fifth and at middle, respectively; median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 17b +) not arcuate, with apex slender, ventrally hooked, endophallus with two elongate, projecting sclerites, one apically tapered, the other apically lobate. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— +Uéno (1977:182) +correctly pointed out that this widely distributed species, with members fully-winged, is morphologically varied across its range. In particular, the preapical seta tends to be absent from members of eastern populations. The many specimens we examined from localities in the study area confirm his observation. Among them, the prepical seta is absent from most specimens. If present, the seta is very small or vestigial, and only present unilaterally in most such cases. This led +Uéno (1999a:215) +, while reporting the presence of this species in the Gaoligong +Shan +for the first time, to consider the eastern populations, including those in the study area, as a separate species, + +T. macrops +Jeannel. + + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in a variety of microhabitats at elevations ranging from +1230 to 2486 m +. They have been collected in daytime from under stones on the shaded and open banks of small to large streams, along roadcuts, and in closed canopy forest. At night, they have been found active on open sandy beaches and floodplain flats of larger streams ( +Fig. 41a +) and on the ground along roadcuts. In almost all of the localities where specimens of + +T. indicus + +were founded, they were the only trechine collected. However, they were found syntopic with specimens of + +Agonotrechus xiaoheishan + +at +Xiaoheishan Forest Reserve +in the southern part of the study area. +Uéno (1999a) +reported that specimens of this species (which he recorded as + +Trechus macrops +Jeannel + +) were found in the same area as specimens of + +Agonotrechus yunnanus + +and + +Epaphiotrechus fortipes +(Uéno) + +comb. nov. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 17c +. We examined a total of +86 specimens +( +45 males +and +41 females +) from the following localities: + +Fugong County +: + +Lumadeng Township (Lumadeng, +1230 m +, +N27.02606° +/ +E98.86269° +, +23 April 2004 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +collector [ +1 female +; CAS]). + +Gongshan County +: + +Dulongjiang Township (Bapo, +1412 m +, +N27.73902° +/ +E98.34975° +, +3 November 2004 +, H.B. Liang collector [ +1 male +; IOZ]; Bapo area, Dulong Jiang at Mulangdang, +1355 m +, +N27.75256° +/ +E98.34745° +, +4 November 2004 +, H.B. Liang collector [ +1 male +; IOZ]; +0.6 km +N of Dizhengdang village on Dulong Jiang, +1880 m +, +N28.084427° +/ +E98.32652° +, +29-30 October 2004 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, D.Z. Dong & G. Tang collectors [ +9 male +and +8 females +; CAS, IOZ]; Dulong Jiang at Elideng village, +1640 m +, +N28.000287° +/ +E98.32145° +, +3 November 2004 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, D.Z. Dong & G. Tang collectors [ +13 male +and +8 females +; CAS, IOZ]; Dulong Jiang at Xianjiudang village, +1580 m +, +N27.94092° +/ +E98.33340° +, +4 November 2004 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, M.A. Dixon, D.Z. Dong & G. Tang collectors [ +1 male +and +7 females +; CAS, IOZ]; +0.2 km +S of confluence of Dulong Jiang and Muke Wang, +1450 m +, +N27.84125° +/ +E98.33979° +, +7 November 2004 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, V.F. Lee & D.Z. Dong collectors [ +1 female +; CAS]; +0.5 km +N of Kongdang, +1500 m +, +N27.88111° +/ +E98.34063° +, +25 October 2004 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, H.B. Liang, D.Z. Dong & G. Tang collectors [ +1 female +; CAS]; Moqie Wang at Gongshan-Dulong Road Km 91, +1550 m +, +N27.89934° +/ +E98.34999° +, +6 November 2004 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& H.B. Liang collectors [ +2 males +and +4 female +; CAS, IOZ]). + +Longling County +: + +Longjiang Township (small stream +1.2 km +SSE of Km 23.5 on Route 23.5, +2020 m +, +N24.2888° +/ +E98.76001° +, +25 May 2005 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, H.B. Liang & D.Z. Dong collectors [ +1 male +; CAS]; + +Xiaoheishan Forest Reserve, +2067 + +m, +N24.83671° +/ +E98.76185° +, +28 May 2005 +, H.B. Liang, K.J. Guo & H.M. Yan collectors [ +3 males +; CAS, IOZ]); Zhen’an Township (Bangbie village, +1540 m +, +N24.81306° +/ +E98.83306° +, +30 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 male +; IOZ]). +Longyang County: +Bawan Township (Baoshan-Tenchong Road Km 24 at Nankang Yakou, +2130 m +, +N24.82583° +/ +E98.77222° +, +26 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 female +; IOZ]; Bawan-Tengchong Road at Km 40- 41, +2404 m +, +N24.93750° +/ +E98.75083° +, +12 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 male +; IOZ]; Bawan-Tengchong Road at Km 41, +2486 m +, +N24.93750° +/ +E98.75083° +, +11 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang collector [1; female; IOZ]; Bawan-Tengchong Road at Km 42-46, +2290 m +, +N24.95361° +/ +E98.74222° +, +14 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 female +; IOZ]; Luoshuidong area at Sancha He, +2300 m +, +N24.94833° +/ +E98.75667° +, +26-31 October 1998 +, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& C.E. Griswold collectors [ +1 female +; CAS]). +Tengchong County: +Jietou Township (Zhoujia-po village, +1740 m +, +N25.33222° +/ +E98.67611° +, +24 October 2003 +, D.Z. Dong collector [ +1 male +; CAS]); Qushi Township (Longchuan Jiang at Xiaojiangqiao, +1445 nm +, +N25.23944° +/ +E98.63722° +, +21 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 male +; IOZ]); Shangying Township (Bawan-Tengchong Road Km 46-51, +2220 m +, +N24.95722° +/ +E98.73667° +, +17 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 male +; IOZ]); Bawan-Tengchong Road Km 48-51 at Dahaoping Forest Station, +2014 m +, +N24.97556° +/ +E98.73000° +, +18 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang collector [ +6 males +and +6 females +; CAS, IOZ, MNHN]; Bawan-Tengchong Road Km 65, beside Longchuanjiang, +1335 m +, +N24.04167° +/ +E98.67306° +, +19 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 male +and +1 female +; CAS IOZ]; Bawan-Tengchong Road Km 65 at Longwenqiao, +1285 m +, +N25.02396° +/ +E98.67675° +, +20 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [ +1 male +; IOZ]); Wuhe Township ( +Xiaoheishan Forest +Station, +2025 m +, +N24.82889° +/ +E98.76000° +, +29 October 2003 +, H.B. Liang collector [ +1 male +and +1 female +; CAS, IOZ]). + + + +FIGURE +16. Trechine right mandibles, ventral aspect. a. + +Agonotrechus xiaoheishan + +sp. nov. +b. + +Trechus indicus +Putzeys + +with dentition enlarged. c. + +Trechus gongshanensis + +sp. nov. +d. + +Trechus shibalicus + +sp. nov. +e. + +Pseudepaphius gonggaicus +Deuve + +with dentition enlarged (China, Sichuan Province, Moxi Township, NE slope of Gongga Shan). f. + +Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa + +sp. nov. +with dentition enlarged. g. + +Epaphiotrechus fortipesoides + +sp. nov. +with dentition enlarged. h. + +Trechepaphiama gaoligong + +sp. nov. +Scale lines = 0.5 mm. + + + + +FIGURE +17. + +Trechus indicus +Putzeys + +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1016115). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1015874), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. indicus + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Members of this species have been collected in both northern and southern parts of the study area and on both eastern and western slopes of the Gaoligongshan. We have recorded this species from Core Areas 1, 3, 6, and 7. The absence of records from Core Areas 2, 4 and 5 is likely the result of inadequate sampling. + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— +Fig. 45 +. This species is widely distributed along the southern edge of the Himalayan Mountains and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau from eastern +Afghanistan +to +Sichuan Province +, +China +. Attainment and maintenance of this broad geographical range is no doubt facilitated by the flight capability of members of this species. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC1FFD13C2C6307FB5875CC.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC1FFD13C2C6307FB5875CC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6edfc14a746 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC1FFD13C2C6307FB5875CC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Epaphiotrechus fortipes +(Uéno), 1999 + + + + + + + +( +Fig. 32 +, +46-48 +) + + + + + + + +Trechus +( +s. str. +) +fortipes +Uéno, 1999a: 219 + + +. + + + + +Epaphiotrechus fortipes +(Uéno) + +, + + +NEW + + +COMBINATION + + + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in NSMT. Type locality: +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Baoshan County +, +N24°57′ +/ +E98°45′ +, + +2200-2500 m + + + + + +NOTES +ON +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— We have not had an opportunity to study the +holotype +or any +other specimens +of this species. Features noted below are based on +Uéno’s (1999a) +original description and illustrations. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species (see Uéno 199a, +Fig. 4 +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: + + +Size large (BL = +4.5 mm +), apterous; female +holotype +with unusually broad protarsomeres; body color dark piceous, slightly paler reddish on elytral interval 1; right mandible tridentate; mentum with median tooth short and simple; pronotum slightly narrowed (ratio PW/PL = 1.26), with basal angles small and rectangular; elytra elongate, slightly flattened medially, striae finely impressed, medial three or four striae distinctly crenulate (due to strial punctures), more lateral striae slightly effaced, but striae 6 and 7 evident, stria 5 deepened at its base; parascutellar striole present, slightly elongate; recurrent stria short, terminated near apex of stria 5; two discal setiferous pores present, inserted at anterior one-sixth and slightly posterior to middle, respectively, on interval 3 near stria 3; preapical seta present, inserted on interval 3 next to stria 2 and about equidistant from apical and sutural elytral margins; median lobe of male aedeagus (see +Uéno 1999a +, +Figs. 5 +and +6 +) with apex, expanded, securiform in lateral view; endophallus with distinct, elongate-triangular sclerite. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— No members of this species were found during field collecting for this project, and no habitat information accompanied the +type +material. +Uéno (1999a) +suggested that the +type +locality was located “near the lower edge of the + +Rhododendron + +zone. He visited the + + + +FIGURE +32. + +Epaphiotrechus fortipes +(Uéno) + +; Map of locality record (red circle) in the Gaoligong Shan region. + +Scale line = 100 km. + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 33a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = +4.7 mm +), apterous; body color piceous, sutural and lateral elytral margins slightly paler, reddish; tempora glabrous; median tooth of mentum apically truncate, almost bifurcate; antennae long; pronotum slightly narrowed (ratio PW/PL = 1.28), basal angles small, sharp, rectangular; elytra oblong, slightly flattened along median suture, striae finely impressed, finely punctate, striae 1 to 2 or 3 more deeply impressed, more lateral striae more or less effaced but still evident, stria 5 not more deeply impressed at its base; recurrent stria long, deeply impressed, abruptly terminated on interval 7; two discal setiferous pores present, inserted at anterior one-sixth and slightly posterior to middle, respectively, on interval 3 near stria 3; preapical seta present, inserted 1.5 times as far from apical elytral margin as from sutural margin. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size large, BL = +4.7 mm +. Body color dark piceous, head, basal and lateral pronotal margins, and lateral and sutural margins of elytra more or less reddish, appendages paler reddish brown, palpi yellowish brown, dorsum smooth, shiny with pronotum and elytra moderately iridescent, head faintly alutaceous due to moderately impressed isodiametric microsculpture. + + +Head. Broad, slightly elongate. Eyes slightly convex, their diameter slightly less than twice length of tempora, the latter short but distinctly convex. Frons convex, with frontal furrows sharply impressed, not attenuated posterior to eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in slight foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave. Right mandible ( + +Fig. +16g + +) with premolar not fused with retinaculum but closely associated with the latter, anterior tip of retinaculum enlarged as a distinct tooth and displaced anteriorly. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth apically truncate, about one-half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Genae with a single ventral seta one each side. Antennae moderate in length, with about 2.5 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 3 and 4 about equal in length, antennomere 2 slightly shorter. + +Pronotum. Slightly narrowed (ratio PW/PL = 1.28), with greatest width anterior to middle, only slightly narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins rounded, straightened for a short distance posteriorly, then slightly sinuate just anterior to basal angles, the latter small, sharp and rectangular; basal margin with median region slightly and convexly projected posteriorly. Disc convex, with median longitudinal impression distinct, markedly deepened in median basal area, not extended anteriorly to apical margin; basal foveae moderate in size and depth; median basal area delimited laterally by a pair of short, oblique furrows, smooth except for a pair of paramedial longitudinal foveae. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted anterior to middle; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. +Elytra. Elongate ovoid, slightly narrowed anteriorly, humeri rounded and only slightly evident. Disc moderately convex, slightly flattened in sutural area; striae finely impressed, finely punctate, striae 1 to 2 or 3 more deeply impressed, more lateral striae more or less effaced but still evident, stria 5 not more deeply impressed at its base. Parascutellar striole present, deeply impressed and long. Recurrent stria long, deeply impressed, abruptly terminated on interval 7 slightly anterior to the insertion point of preapical seta. Two discal setiferous pores present, inserted at anterior one-sixth and near middle, respectively, on interval 3 near stria 3. Preapical seta present, inserted 1.5 times as far from apical elytral margin as from sutural margin on interval 3 next to stria 2. +Legs. Short; protibiae with longitudinal furrow. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of female apically with two pairs of paramedial setae. + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— This species appears to be closely related to + +E. fortipes + +, but its members can be distinguished from those of the latter by the truncate, almost bifurcate, median tooth of the mentum (simple in + +E. fortipes + +members), elytral stria 5 not more deeply impressed basally (distinctly more deeply impressed in + +E. fortipes + +members), recurrent stria longer (shorter in + +E. fortipes + +members) and terminated on interval 7 (terminated on interval +5 in + +E. fortipes + +members), and the preapical seta inserted 1.5 times as far from apical elytral margin as from sutural margin (inserted about equidistant from apical and sutural margins in + +E. fortipes + +members). + + + +FIGURE +33. + +Epaphiotrechus fortipesoides + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1039089). b. Map of locality record (red circle) for + +E. fortipesoides + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a = 0.5 mm, b = 100 km. + + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— The unique +holotype +female of this species was found on the ground under a stone or log in a managed conifer forest along a roadcut at an elevation of +2580 m +. No other trechines were found in this area. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 33b +. +This +species is known only from a single female specimen from the +type +locality in +western Tengchong County +in the southern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan region +. This locality is in +Core Area +6 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Tengchong County in the southern part of the Gaoligong Shan region, western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC5FFDA3C2C64EDFB4F73A6.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC5FFDA3C2C64EDFB4F73A6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..59a00ee231e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC5FFDA3C2C64EDFB4F73A6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,537 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis unipilosa +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 31 +, +40b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1023757”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.18416° +/ +E98.72026° +,”/ “ + +3100 m + +, + +7 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004-038A D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., & Zhu B.-X. collectors”/ “ +HOLOTYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis unipilosa +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label] + +. + +Paratypes +(at total of 17): +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1023746” and “CASENT 1023758”, respectively + +; + +1 male +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1017488” and “CASENT 10174896” to “CASENT 1017490”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lumadeng Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, south bank of +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.18326° +/ +E98.72002° +”/ + +3100 m + +, + +8 August 2005 + +Stop #DHK-2005-067B D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +J.F. Zhang +collectors” + +; + +7 males +and +1 female +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: “CASENT 1018375” to “CASENT 1018381” and “CASENT 1018382”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +10 km +W of Shibali on Shibali Road + +, + +3250 m + +,”/ “ +N27.20055° +/ +E98.71399° +, + +16 August 2005 + +Stop #PP-3805 +P. Paquin +collector” + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1018392”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +10.5 km +W of Shibali on Shibali Road + +, + +3221 m + +,”/ “ +N27.20192° +/ +E98.71329° +, + +17 August 2005 + +Stop #PP-4105 +P. Paquin +collector” + +; + +3 males +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1023607”, “CASENT 1023608” and “CASENT 1023820”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +11.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +N27.20676° +/ +E98.71763° +,”/ “ + +3290 m + +, + +6 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004-036 D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., & Zhu B.-X. collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis unipilosa +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Shiyueliang Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.18416° +/ +E98.72026° +, + +3100 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +unipilosa + +, is an adjective derived from the Latin word, +unus +, meaning one, and the Greek word, +πίΛΟς +(transliterated into Latin as +pilus +), meaning hair. The name refers to the single discal seta found on the elytra of members of this species. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 31a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size small (BL = +2.7 to 3.1 mm +), apterous; body color reddish brown, dorsum shiny, pronotum and elytra slightly iridescent; eyes small but convex; tempora convex and sparsely pubescent; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.42), with basal angles obtuse and rounded; elytra convex, medial striae (1 to 5 or 6) distinct, finely punctate, more lateral striae more or less effaced; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly on interval 6; only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted at anterior one-third next to stria 3; preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 2; median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 31b +) with apex slender and rounded, endophallus with a faintly sclerotized scaly area distinctly narrowed distally. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size small, BL = +2.7 to 3.1 mm +. Body color reddish brown, antennmae concolorous, legs slightly paler, yellowish brown, palpi paler yellow; dorsum shiny, pronotum and elytra slightly iridescent, head slightly alutaceous from more deeply impressed, irregularly isodiametric microsculpture. + + +Head. Broad; eyes small but convex, their diameter about equal to length of tempora, the latter short, distinctly convex and sparsely pubescent Frons convex, frontal furrows sharply impressed and rounded, not attenuated posterior to eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly emarginate. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth apically bifid, about half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula broad. Genae with a single ventral seta one each side. Antennae short, with only about two antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 4 about equal in length, antennomere 3 slightly longer. + +Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.42), with greatest width at anterior one-third; lateral margins rounded, slightly more so anteriorly, not or only slightly straighten posteriorly just anteri- or to basal angles, the latter obtuse and blunted. Disc convex and smooth, median longitudinal impression finely impressed, continuous from middle of apical median swelling to posterior margin; basal foveae small and shallow, faintly impressed; median basal area well defined but short and transverse, smooth or with a few small longitudinal foveae. Lateral borders slender and finely relexed dorsally, lateral grooves deeply impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. +Elytra. Ovoid only slightly elongate, not or only very slightly more narrowed anteriorly than posteriorly, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex, striae finely punctate, only medial striae 1 to 3 distinctly impressed, more lateral striae more or less effaced, but still evident in most specimens. Parascutellar striole present, distinct but short. Recurrent stria deeply impressed, its anterior end abruptly terminated in the posterior end of stria 5. Parascutellar setiferous pore present at base at common origin of discal striae 1 and 2. Only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted at anterior two-fifth of elytral length next to stria 3. Only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted slightly anterior to middle next to stria 3. Preapical seta present, inserted on interval 3 next to stria 2 and about equidistant from apical and sutural elytral margin. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of median group inserted slightly posterior to middle. + + +FIGURE +31. + +Trechepaphiopsis unipilosa + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1023757). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1023757), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. unipilosa + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Legs. Short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 31b +) with sagittal aileron very small, shaft moderately broad basally, then gradually narrowed apically to a narrowly rounded apex; endophallus with a faintly sclerotized scaly area distinctly elongate and narrowed distally. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— This species appears to be very closely related (perhaps sister species) to + +T. monochaetus + +, but its male members can be distinguished from those of the latter by having the base of the median lobe of the male aedeagus narrower (broader in + +T. monochaeta + +members, see +Fig. 30b +) and the scaly sclerotized area of the endophallus distinctly narrowed distally (of more equal width throughout in + +T. monochaeta + +males). + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been collected by sifting leaf litter from forests of scattered, large + +Abies +sp. + +trees with a dense understory of bamboo or + +Rhododendron +spp. + +at elevations ranging from +3221 to 3290 m +. Specimens of + +Trechus shiyueliang +and +T. shibalicus + +were collected in one or more of the same litter samples. Specimens of + +T. unipilosa + +were also collected at +3100 m +elevation under stones at the open edges of a small stream draining a north-facing glacial cirque with a large snowfield in its basin ( +Fig. 40b +). A specimen of + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa + +sp. nov. +was also collected in this area, at the upper limit of the altitudinal range of this last mentioned species. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 31c +. +We +examined a total of +18 specimens +( +13 males +and +5 females +) from sites on the eastern slope of the northcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Fugong County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). All of these sites are in +Core Area +3 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Fugong County in the northcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan region, western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC6FFDD3D1E6568FB587563.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC6FFDD3D1E6568FB587563.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ba6d3af46c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFC6FFDD3D1E6568FB587563.xml @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Genus + +Epaphiotrechus +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +gen. nov. + + + + + + + + +TYPE + +SPECIES + +.— + +Epaphiotrechus fortipesoides + +sp. nov. + + +Derivation of genus group name +.— The genus group name (masculine) is a combination of two other trechine generic names, + +Epaphius + +and + +Trechus + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this genus ( +Fig. 33a +) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = +4.5 to 4.7 mm +), apterous; body color dark piceous with elytral interval 1 and lateral areas of pronotum and elytra more or less reddish; dorsum shiny, distinctly iridescent, dorsal surface glabrous except for isolated fixed setae typical for trechines, eyes also glabrous; right mandible ( + +Fig. +16g + +) with premolar not fused with retinaculum but closely associat- ed with the latter [possibly representative of an intermediate state in the evolution of the “bidentate” mandibular +type +(see discussion above for genus + +Trechus + +)], anterior tip of retinaculum enlarged as a distinct tooth and displaced anteriorly (but not quite as far as in members of + +Trechepaphiopsis +species + +); pronotum with basal angles small and rectangular; elytra elongate, oblong, slightly flattened along the median suture area, striae finely impressed, crenulate or finely punctate, lateral striae partly effaced but striae 6 and 7 still evident; two discal setae present on interval 3 next to stria 3, inserted near the anterior one-sixth and near mid-elytral length, respectively; preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 2. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— When Uéno (1999) described + +Trechus +( +s. str. +) +fortipes + +, he noted that it was a “strange species similar to certain + +Epaphiopsis + +”, with the distinct premolar on the right mandible. However, characters of the male aedeagus, particularly the presence of a distinct endophallic sclerite, led him to consider this species as a basal member of genus + +Trechus + +in which the plesiomorphic right mandibular dentition was retained. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +. + +This genus currently is known from only two species, both found only in the southern part of the Gaoligong Shan region of western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFCCFFD23C2C60AAFB4C7492.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFCCFFD23C2C60AAFB4C7492.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e4831205e96 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFCCFFD23C2C60AAFB4C7492.xml @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechepaphiama gaoligong +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 16h +, +34 +, +37a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a female, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1001926”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Gaoligongshan Mountains +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, 9 [actually 9.3] km +ESE of Pianma +, 25°59.6’N/ 98°37.6’E.”/ “2450 [actually 2460-2470] m, + +15-18 October 1998 + +, Stop #98-118D D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, +C. Ferraris +& +C.-L. Long +collectors”/ “IMAGE” [green label]/ “ + +HOLOTYPE + +Trechepaphiama gaoligong +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label]. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Lushui County +, + +9.3 km +ESE of Pianma + +, +N25.99363° +/ +E98.66651° +, + +2460-2470 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— + +The +species epithet, + +gaoligong + +, is a noun in apposition, derived from the name of the mountain range, the +Gaoligong +Shan +, in which the +holotype +was collected + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 34a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = +4.2 mm +), apterous; body color reddish brown, dorsum shiny; eyes reduced, their diameter about equal to length of tempora, the latter distinctly convex and glabrous; pronotum moderately transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.26), basal angles subrectangular; elytra broad, markedly convex, slightly inflated, humeri broadly rounded, striae 1 to 5 deeply impressed and slightly punctate, more lateral striae more or less effaced, intervals 1 to 4 slightly convex, more lateral intervals flat; recurrent stria anteriorly nearly continuous with posterior end of stria 5; discal setiferous pores absent; preapical seta present, inserted on interval 3 next to stria 2. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size large, BL +4.2 mm +. Body color reddish brown, appendages concolorous, except palpi yellowish brown, dorsum smooth, shiny, pronotum and elytra very faintly iridescent, head faintly alutaceous due to moderately impressed isodiametric microsculpture + + +Head. Moderate in size, slightly broad; eyes small, only slightly projected laterally, their diameter about equal to length of tempora, the latter short, convex and glabrous. Frons only slightly convex, with frontal furrows deeply impressed but less so posterior to hind margins of eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in distinct foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin moderately concave. Right mandible ( +Fig. 16h +) with premolar tooth fused with retinaculum, anterior tip of retinaculum enlarged to form a distinct tooth and displaced distally, posterior tip of retinaculum reduced, nearly flattened. Left mandible with only a relatively small, feebly trifid tooth. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth broad, apically rounded, about one-half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with four setae anteriorly. Gula broad. Genae with a single ventral seta one each side. Antennae rather short, only about two antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 4 about equal in length, antennomere 3 slightly longer. + +Pronotum. Slightly narrow (ratio PW/PL = 1.26), with greatest width anterior to middle, only slightly narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins rounded, straightened for a short distance posteriorly, then very slightly sinuate just anterior to basal angles, the latter blunt and subrectangular, very slightly and bluntly projected laterally; basal margin with median region slightly and convexly projected posteriorly. Disc distinctly convex, with median longitudinal impression very finely impressed, superficial, effaced in the median anterior area but extended to basal margin; basal foveae distinct but shallow; median basal area small, delimited laterally by a pair of oblique furrows, smooth except for several short longitudinal depressions; basal margin slightly bisinuate, slightly convex medially; lateral borders slender, gradually widened posteriorly, faintly reflexed dorsally, lateral grooves widened near base. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted anterior to middle; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + + +FIGURE +34. + +Trechepaphiama gaoligong + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1001926). b. Map of locality record (red circle) for + +T. gaoligong + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a = 0.5 mm, b = 100 km. + + +Elytra. Broad, ovoid, slightly more narrowed posteriorly than anteriorly, markedly convex, slightly inflated; humeri broadly rounded; striae 1 to 5 deeply impressed and slightly punctate, more lateral striae more or less effaced, barely evident; intervals 1 to 4 slightly convex, more lateral intervals flat; basal margination terminated medially at origin of stria 5. Parascutellar striole present, short but distinct. Recurrent stria anteriorly nearly continuous with posterior end of stria 5. Discal setiferous pores absent. Preapical seta present, inserted on interval 3 next to stria 2. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of medi- an group inserted slightly posterior to middle. +Legs. Short; protibiae with longitudinal furrow. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of female apically with two pairs of paramedial setae. + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— The unique +holotype +female of this species was collected by sifting leaf litter taken on sandy substrate on a secondary floodplain covered by a broadleaf forest canopy at an elevation of +2460 m +( +Fig. 37a +). Specimens of + +Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa + +and + +T. unisetosa + +were collected in the same sifted litter samples at this site. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 34b +. +This +species is known only from a single female specimen from the +type +locality in +western Lushui County +on the western slope of the southcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan region +. This locality is in +Core Area +4 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Lushui County in the southcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan region, western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFCDFFD13D1362B4FEE171CD.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFCDFFD13D1362B4FEE171CD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e5b6b288fde --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFCDFFD13D1362B4FEE171CD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Genus + +Trechepaphiama +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +gen. nov. + + + + + + + + +TYPE + +SPECIES + +.— + +Trechepaphiama gaoligong + +sp. nov. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +GENUS +GROUP +NAME + +.— The genus group name (masculine) is a combination of two other trechine genus group names, + +Trechus + +and + +Epaphiama + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this genus ( +Fig. 34a +) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size large (BL = +4.2 mm +), apterous; body color reddish brown, dorsum shiny, slightly iridescent, dorsal surface glabrous except for isolated fixed setae typical for trechines, eyes also glabrous, small, only slightly convex; tempora glabrous; right mandible ( +Fig. 16h +) with premolar tooth fused with retinaculum, anterior tip of retinaculum enlarged to form a distinct tooth and displaced distally, posterior tip of retinaculum reduced, nearly flattened; mentum and submentum not fused; mentum with median tooth simple with apex rounded; submentum [probably] with six setae [only five setae visible in unique female +holotype +of type species]; pronotum slightly convex, disc glabrous, basal foveae only slightly distinct, median basal area delimited laterally by oblique furrows, basal margin slightly curved medially, slightly sinuate and oblique laterally; elytra broadly rounded, more narrowed apically than basally, humeri broad, disc convex with striae finely impressed, slightly punctate, lateral striae attenuated, recurrent stria deeply impressed, its anterior end straight, almost continuous anteriorly with the apex of stria 5; no discal setae present, preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 2. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— This genus, known from only a single female specimen, belongs to the “ +Epaphiopsis +Complex” of genera as evidenced by the dentition of the mandibles. Its members can be distinguished from those of other genera of this lineage by the absence of elytral discal setae, which is exceptional among trechines, and by their markedly convex, dorsally inflated elytra, imparting an appearance similar to that of + +Epaphiama +Jeannel (1962) + +members — short and convex. In contrast, + +Trechepaphiopsis + +members are similar in habitus to small + +Epaphiopsis + +members while those of + +Epaphiotrechus + +are more similar in habitus to large +Trechu +s members. A better understanding of phylogenetic affinities of this new genus must await discovery of a male and study of its genital structure and/or comparative molecular study. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +This genus currently is known only from the +type +species, which is known only from the southcentral part of the +Gaoligong Shan region +of western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD3FFCF3C2C60AAFB4C710C.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD3FFCF3C2C60AAFB4C710C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..43cead85f90 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD3FFCF3C2C60AAFB4C710C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetosa +(Deuve), 2004 + +(sp. 2) + + + + + + +( +Figs. 27 +, +37a +, +43b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + + + +Trechus unisetosus + +Deuve, 2004: 220 + + + +. +Holotype +, a female, in SCAU. Type locality: +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Lushui County +, +Fengxue Yakou +[Pass], + +2600-2700 m + +. + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetosa +(Deuve) + +, + + +NEW + + +COMBINATION + + + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 27a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size medium (BL = +3.1 to 3.5 mm +), apterous; body color light brown, dorsum slightly iridescent; eyes small but convex; tempora very convex, sparsely pubescent; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.35), with basal angles obtuse and rounded; elytra convex, with median 2 or 3 striae deeply impressed, lateral striae faintly impressed to effaced; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly in presumed location of interval 6; only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted at anterior one-third next to stria 3; preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 2; median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 27b +) highly distinctive, with ventral margin of shaft sinuous and apex short and thin in lateral view, with broad apical projects in ventral view; endophallus without sclerites, but with a long tubular sleeve covered with long, slender spines. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— Among males of all the species of + +Trechepaphiopsis + +, those of + +T. unisetosa + +have an endophlallus most like that typical for members of the + +Epaphiopsis + +complex of genera, especially of certain species of + +Epaphius + +described from +China +( +Jeannel 1962 +, +Deuve 1992b +). These also have a long tubular sleeve covered with long spines, symmetrically arranged in ventral view ( +Fig. 27c +) + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in mixed broadleaf evergreen/ deciduous forest at elevations ranging from +2460 to 2470 m +and collected using both pitfall traps and sifting of leaf litter from the forest floor ( +Fig. 37a +). Specimens of + +Trechepaphiosis uniporosa + +sp. nov +and + +Trechepaphiama goaligong + +sp. nov +were collected in the same sifted leaf litter samples and are therefore syntopic with + +T. unisetosa + +at this site. Additional specimens of + +T. unisetosa + +were collected in pitfall traps set in + +Rhododendron + +and bamboo thickets on the east flank of the summit ridge just south of the Fengxue Yakou at +3150 m +( +Fig. 43b +), a site slightly above the +type +locality for the species. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 27d +. +We +examined a total of +25 specimens +( +10 males +and +16 females +) + + +from the following localities: + +Lushui County +: + +Luzhang Township +( + +100 m + +S of +Fengxue Yakou +on east side of pass, + +3150 m + +, +N25.97195° +/ +E97.68381° +, + +11-21 May 2005 + +, +D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +& +K.J. Guo +collectors [ +1 male +and +1 female +; +CAS +, +IOZ +]); +Pianma Township +( + +9.3 km +ENE of Pianma + +along road to +Lushui +at +Changyan He +, + +2460-2470 m + +, +N25.99363° +/ +E97.66651° +, + +15-18 October 1998 + +, +D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, +C. Ferraris +& +C.L. Long +collectors [ +7 males +, +12 females +; +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +], + +12- 21 May 2005 + +, +D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +& +K.J. Guo +collectors [ +2 male +and +2 females +; +CAS +, +IOZ +]) + +. + +Members of this species have been collected only in the southcentral part of the study area, on both western and eastern slopes of the Gaoligongshan, which are in Core Areas 4 and 5, respectively. + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Lushui County in the southcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan region, western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD6FFCD3C2C653EFD8F7283.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD6FFCD3C2C653EFD8F7283.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5e56fd07243 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD6FFCD3C2C653EFD8F7283.xml @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis asetosa +(Uéno), 1997 + + + + +(Figs. 25, 46–48) + + + + + + +Trechus (s. str.) asetosus + +Uéno, 1997: 185 + + + +. +Holotype +, a male, in NMST. Type locality: +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Tengchong County +, +Dabei +, + +2430 m + +. + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis asetosa +(Uéno) + +, + + +NEW + + +COMBINATION + + + + + + + +NOTES +ON +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— We have not had an opportunity to study the +holotype +or any +other specimens +of this species. Features noted below are based on +Uéno’s (1997) +original description and illustrations. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species (see +Uéno 1997 +, +Fig. 2 +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size small to medium (BL= 3.0 to +3.5 mm +), apterous; body color dark brown to piceous, dorsum slightly iridescent; eyes very small, flattened, not projected laterally beyond tempora; tempora convex, slightly inflated; pronotum large and transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.32 to 1.49), widest near anterior two-fifths, lateral margins slightly more curved in apical half than in basal half, basal angles obtuse and rounded; elytra ovoid, relative long and narrow, convex, striae 1 and 2 distinct, nearly complete and finely punctate, striae 3 and 4 faintly evident, stria 5 to 7 effaced, striae 8 evident but interrupted in apical half; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly in presumed location of interval 6; discal setae absent; preapical seta present, inserted next stria 2, inserted closer to sutural than to apical margin; median lobe of male aedeagus (see +Uéno 1997 +, +Figs. 3 and 4 +) with apex short and narrow, faintly recurved dorsally, endophallus without sclerites, but covered with scales. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— According to +Uéno (1997) +, members of this species were collected by sifting moist leaf litter accumulations on the ground in the “ + +Rhododendron + +zone” at elevations ranging from +2340 to 2440 m +. At one of three sites where specimens of + +T. asetosa + +were found (at +2340 m +), specimens of + +Minutotrechus minutus + +were also collected in the same litter samples. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— Fig. 25. +We +examined a single +paratype +specimen from the type locality, the only site from which the species has been recorded, in +eastern Tengchong County +in the southern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan region +. This site is in +Core Area +6 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +This species currently is known only from the +type +locality, in +eastern Tengchong County +in the southern part of the +Gaoligong Shan +, in western +Yunnan Province +, +China + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD7FFCA3D1761EBFB587604.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD7FFCA3D1761EBFB587604.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ebdd0295d2b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD7FFCA3D1761EBFB587604.xml @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + +Genus + +Trechepaphiopsis +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +gen. nov. + + + + + + + + +TYPE + +SPECIES + +.— + +Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa + +, +sp. nov. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +GENUS +GROUP +NAME + +.— The genus group name (feminine) is a combination of two other trechine generic names, + +Trechus + +and + +Epaphius + +, plus the Greek suffix, οψις (translated into Latin as - +opsis +) meaning having the aspect of, here referring to a similarity with + +Epaphius + +members. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this genus (Figs. 25–31) can be recognized by the following combination of character states: size small to moderate (BL = +2.8 to 3.7 mm +), apterous; body color light to dark brown, reddish-brown, or piceous-brown, most members with dorsum slightly iridescent, dorsal surface glabrous except for isolated fixed setae typical for trechines, eyes also glabrous; head short, with eyes small; tempora convex, swollen in some members, sparsely pubescent; right mandible ( +Fig. 16e +) with premolar tooth not fused with retinaculum and anterior point of the retinaculum free and displaced distally to form a separate tooth; mentum and submentum not fused; mentum with median tooth apical truncate or bifid; submentum with six setae; pronotum transverse, disc glabrous, basal foveae only slightly distinct, median basal area short and very transverse, delimited laterally by short, obliquely curved furrows, basal margin slightly projected posteriorly in most members, basal angles small, obtuse, rounded; elytra distinctly convex, with striae finely impressed, more or less punctate, lateral striae attenuated or effaced, recurrent stria terminated anteriorly with a bend or hook on interval 5 or 6, with a single discal seta on interval 3 next to stria three or without discal setae; preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 2; median lobe of male aedeagus of varied form, but endophallus membraneous, with spiny or scaly areas in some members, more or less sclerotized but without distinct sclerites. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— In subtropical +China +, the “ +Epaphiopsis +Complex” of genera is represented mainly by + +Pseudepaphius +Uéno (1962) + +, members of which are distinguished from true + +Epaphiopsis + +members by their smooth pronotum and the presence of a single discal seta on interval 5 next to stria 5 ( +Deuve 1995 +). Members of our new genus, + +Trechepaphiopsis + +, are easily distinguished by their elytra chaetotaxy. Genus + +Junnanotrechus +Uéno and Yin (1993) + +also belongs in this generic complex and is probably closely related to + +Pseudepaphius + +, based on both morphological ( +Deuve 2013a +) and molecular (A. Faille, unpublished) data. The illustration of the mandibles of + +Junnanotrechus elegantulus +Belousov and Kabak + +(2014b, +Fig. 1 +) confirms this phylogenetic affinity. The right mandible presents the same morphological features shared with + +Pseudepaphius + +( +Fig. 16e +) and + +Trechepaphiopsis + +members ( +Fig. 16f +), namely the unfused premolar and the anterior tip of the retinaculum distinctly displaced anteriorly to form a separate tooth. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This genus currently is known only from the Gaoligong Shan region of western +Yunnan Province +, +China +, where it is represented by the seven species treat- ed here. Three were previously described, all in genus + +Trechus + +, and four are described here as new. Each species apparently occupies only a narrow geographical range within the Gaoligong Shan, but their combined known ranges cover all but the northernmost part of the study area. + + +As is reflected in the key to species presented below, only male members of most of these species can be reliably distinguished, and that only by extraction and examination of their genitalic structure. To date, only two of these species have been recorded as sympatric and syntopic, namely + +T. unisetosa +(Deuve) + +and + +T. uniporosa + +sp. nov. +(in Core Area 4). Two species, + +T. unisetulosa + +sp. nov. +and + +T. unipilosa + +sp. nov. +occur in the same general area but apparently have different, non-overlapping altitudinal ranges. So, at least for the present, locality data may aid in tentative identifications of females and undissected males, except for the first two species mentioned above. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD8FFD93C2C64ADFB5C7324.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD8FFD93C2C64ADFB5C7324.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..04d8b48bbe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFD8FFD93C2C64ADFB5C7324.xml @@ -0,0 +1,463 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis monochaeta +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 30 +, +38b +, +42a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: labeled: “CASENT 1007387”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, +Nujiang State Nature Reserve +, No. 12 +Bridge Camp area +, 16.3 airkm +W of Gongshan +,”/ “ +N27.71503° +/ +E98.50244° +, + +2775 m + +, + +15-19 July 2000 + +, Stop#00-23A, D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, Liang H.-B., D. Ubick, & Dong D.-Z. collectors”/ “IMAGE” [green label]/ “ + +HOLOTYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis monochaeta +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label]. + +Paratypes +(at total of 56): +14 males +and +17 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1007388” to “CASENT 1007400” and “CASENT 1021923” and “CASENT 1007401” to “CASENT 1007416” and “CASENT 1021924”, respectively + +; + +10 males +and +14 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1006508” to “CASENT 1006517” and “CASENT 1006518” to “CASENT 1006530” and “CASENT 1021922”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, +Gongshan County +, +Dazhu He +drainage, 13.5 airkm +SW of Gongshan +, + +2830m + +”/ “ +N27.62947° +/ +E98.62010° +, + +30 June- 5 July 2000 + +, +Stop +#00-17I, +D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold + +, + + + +Liang H.-B. +, D. Ubick, & +Dong D.-Z. +collectors”; +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1025812”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan +, +Gongshan County +, +Bingzhongluo Township +, SW slope of +Kawakarpu Shan + +0.3 km +SW of Chukuai Lake + +at campsite,”/, “ +N27.97686° +/ +E098.47799° +, + +3750 m + +, + +18 August 2006 + +Stop #DHK-2006-078 D.H. +Kavanaugh +collector”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis monochaeta +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Gongshan County +, +Qiqi Trail +at No. 12 +Bridge Camp area +, 16.3 airkm +W of Gongshan +, +N27.71503° +/ +E98.50244° +, + +2775 m + + +, + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +monochaeta + +, is an adjective derived from the Greek words, +μόΝΟς +(transliterated into Latin as +mono +), meaning one or single, and +χαίτα +(transliterated into Latin as +chaeta +), meaning hair or bristle. The name refers to the single discal seta found on the elytra of members of this species. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 30a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size small (BL = 2.8 to 3.0 mm), apterous; body color reddish brown, dorsum shiny, very slightly iridescent; eyes small but convex; tempora convex and sparsely pubescent; pronotum transverse (PW/PL = 1.38), with basal angles obtuse and rounded; elytra convex, medial four or five striae distinctly impressed, more lateral striae more or less effaced; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly in presumed location of interval 6; only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted anterior to and next to stria 3; preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 2; median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 30b +) with apex moderately broad and apically rounded, slightly deflected ventrally; endophallus with an elongate and scaly sclerotized area not narrowed apically. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size small, BL = 2.8 to 3.0 mm. Body color reddish brown, appendages slightly paler, yellowish brown, palpi paler yellow; dorsum shiny, slightly iridescent. + + +Head. Medium in size; eyes small but moderately convex, their diameter about equal to length of tempora, the latter distinctly convex and sparsely pubescent. Frons convex, with frontal furrows slightly angulate and deeply impressed, continuous to posterior margins of tempora, not or slightly attenuated posterior to margins of eyes. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly emarginate or concave. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth broad and apically truncate or faintly bifid, about half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula broad. Genae with a single ventral seta one each side. Antennae short, with only about 1.5 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 3 about equal in length, antennomere 4 slightly shorter. + +Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.38), with greatest width slightly anterior to middle; lateral margins rounded, slightly more so anteriorly, not or only slightly straighten posteriorly just anterior to basal angles, the latter obtuse and bluntly or rounded. Disc convex and smooth, median longitudinal impression finely impressed, continuous from middle of apical median swelling to posterior margin; basal foveae very small and shallow, faintly impressed; median basal area well defined but short and transverse, smooth but with several small longitudinal foveae. Lateral borders slender and finely relexed dorsally, lateral grooves deeply impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. +Elytra. Ovoid, only slightly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex, striae finely impressed and not or only faintly punctate, the medial three or four striae clearly impressed, the more lateral striae more or less effaced, but still evident. Parascutellar striole present and distinct. Recurrent stria deeply impressed, its anterior recurved end terminated in the posterior end of stria 5. Only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted slightly anterior to middle next to stria 3. Preapical seta present, inserted on interval 3 next to stria 2 and about equidistant from apical and sutural elytral margin. + + +FIGURE +30. + +Trechepaphiopsis monochaeta + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1007411). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1007411), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. monochaeta + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Legs. Short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 30b +) with sagittal aileron very small, shaft moderately broad basally, then gradually narrowed, with apex moderately broad and apically rounded, slightly deflected ventrally; endophallus with an elongate and scaly sclerotized area not narrowed apically. + + + + + +COMMENTS + +.— This species appears to be very closely related (perhaps sister species) to + +T. unipilosa + +sp. nov. +, but its male members can be distinguished from those of the latter by having the base of the median lobe of the male aedeagus broader (narrower in + +T. unipilosa + +members, see +Fig. 31b +) and the scaly sclerotized area of the endophallus of more equal width throughout and not narrowed distally (as it is in + +T. unipilosa + +males). + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been collected by sifting leaf litter and mosses from the floor of closed canopy forest with an understory of ferns and large-leafed (ca. +60 cm +long leaves) + +Rhododendron +sp. + +at elevations ranging from +2775 to 2830 m +( +Fig. 42a +). At the lowest elevation, specimens of + +Trechus qiqiensis + +were collected in the same litter samples. +One specimen +was also found under stones or wood chips in a disturbed open meadow area surround- ed by one meter high + +Rhododendron + +thickets at an elevation of +3750 m +( +Fig. 38b +); and specimens of + +Queinnectrechus griswoldi + +were found in this same area + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 30c +. +We +examined a total of +57 specimens +( +23 males +and +34 females +) from sites on the crest or eastern slope of the northern part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Gongshan County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). All of these sites are in +Core Area +2 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Gongshan County in the northern part of the Gaoligong Shan region, western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFDDFFC33C2C60AAFEE17304.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFDDFFC33C2C60AAFEE17304.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9cb34a1595f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFDDFFC33C2C60AAFEE17304.xml @@ -0,0 +1,349 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa +Deuve and Liang + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 16f +, +28 +, +37a +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1001923”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Gaoligongshan Mountains +, +Nujiang Prefecture +, 9 [actually 9.3] km +ESE of Pianma +, 25°59.6’N/ 98°37.6’E.”/ “2450 [actually 2460-2470] m, + +15-18 October 1998 + +, Stop #98-118D D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +C.E. Griswold +, +C. Ferraris +& +C.-L. Long +collectors”/ “IMAGE” [green label]/ “ + +HOLOTYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label]. + +Paratypes +(a total of 5): +3 males +and +2 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1001920” to “CASENT 1001922” and “CASENT 1001924” to “CASENT 1001925”, respectively. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa +Deuve & Liang + +, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Gaoligong Shan +, +Lushui County +, +Pianma Township +, + +9.3 km +ESE of Pianma + +, 25.99363°/ 98.66651°, + +2460-2470 m + + +. + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +uniporosa + +, is an adjective derived from the Latin words, +unus +, meaning one, and +porus +, meaning pore or hole. The name refers to the single discal setiferous pore found on the elytra of members of this species. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 28a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size medium (BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +), apterous; body color light brown, slightly iridescent; eyes small; tempora distinctly convex, sparsely pubescent; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.34), with basal angles obtuse and rounded; elytra convex, with stria 1 deeply impressed and finely punctate, other striae more faintly impressed and lateral striae effaced; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly in presumed location of interval 6; only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted at anterior one-third next to stria 3; preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 3; median lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 28b +) with apex slender but bluntly rounded and slightly recurved dorsally, endophallus with a faintly sclerotized scaly area. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size medium BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +. Body color light brown, appendages concolorous, except palpi paler, dorsum shiny, slightly iridescent. + + + +Head. Moderate in size, short; eyes small, not projected, their diameter about equal to length of tempora but their convexity less than that of tempora, the latter markedly convex, inflated and sparsely pubescent. Frontal furrows thin and linear, deeply impressed, arcuate, continuous posteriorly to hind margins of tempora. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly concave or emarginate. Mandibles short and slender, right mandible as in + +Fig. +16f + +. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth apically truncate, about one-half the length of the lateral lobes. +Submentum +with six setae anteriorly. +Antennae +rather short, not quite extended posteriorly to basal one-fourth of the elytra, only 2.5 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 3 about equal in length, antennomere 4 slightly shorter + +. + +Pronotum. Distinctly transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.34), with greatest width near anterior one-third, only slightly narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins rounded, slightly more so anteriorly, slightly straighten just anterior to basal angles, the latter obtuse and rounded. Disc smooth and convex, median longitudinal impression finely impressed, but continuous between anterior and posterior margins; basal foveae shallow, faintly impressed; median basal area reduced, faintly delimit- ed, slightly punctate in some specimens. Basal margin nearly rectilinear. Lateral pronotal borders moderately slender, regular, narrowly and regularly reflexed, lateral grooves narrow but distinctly impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + + +FIGURE +28. + +Trechepaphiopsis uniporosa + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1001923). b-c. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1001923); b. left lateral aspect; c. ventral aspect. d..Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. uniporosa + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a-c = 0.5 mm, d = 100 km. + + +Elytra. Ovoid, only slightly more narrowed anteriorly than posteriorly, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex, striae faintly impressed and finely punctate, the medial three or four striae distinctly impressed, the more lateral striae more or less effaced, but perceptible if only by the presence of fine punctures seen as rows of brown dots visible through the integument. Parascutellar striole present. Recurrent stria abruptly terminated anteriorly in presumed location of interval 6. Parascutellar setiferous pore present at base at common origin of discal striae 1 and 2. Only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted slightly anterior to middle next to stria 3. Preapical seta present on interval 3 near stria 3, closer to elytra apical margin that to sutural margin. +Legs. Short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 28b +) with sagittal aileron very small, shaft moderately broad basally, expanded near mid-length, then gradually narrowed apically to a thin, bluntly round- ed apex, the latter slightly recurved dorsally; endophallus with a small scaly sclerotized area ( +Fig. 28c +). + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been found in mixed broadleaf evergreen/ deciduous forest at elevations ranging from +2460 to 2470 m +and collected by sifting leaf litter on the forest floor ( +Fig. 37a +). Specimens of + +Trechepaphiosis unisetosa + +and + +Trechepaphiama gaoligong + +sp. nov +were collected in the same sifted leaf litter samples and are therefore syntopic with + +T. uniporosa + +at this site. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 28d +. +We +examined a total of +6 specimens +( +4 males +and +2 females +) from the +type +locality on the western slope of the southcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Lushui County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). This locality is in +Core Area +4 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from western Lushui County in the southcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan region, western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFDFFFC43C2C640DFB4F73E4.xml b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFDFFFC43C2C640DFB4F73E4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e0f666f8718 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/D6/87/03D6879DFFDFFFC43C2C640DFB4F73E4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ + + + +Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Trechini (Coleoptera: Caraboidea), with Descriptions of Four New Genera, One New Subgenus and 19 New Species. + + + +Author + +Deuve, Thierry +Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France. + + + +Author + +Kavanaugh, David H. +Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U. S. A. +dkavanaugh@calacademy.org + + + +Author + +Liang, Hongbin +Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org) + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2016 + +2016-10-14 + + +63 + + +12 + + +341 +455 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155283 +0068-547X +13155283 +4C790FE0-B735-4592-8827-EEF83C663CB1 + + + + + + + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa +Deuve + +and Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +( +Figs. 29 +, +40b +, +46–48 +) + + + + + +TYPE +MATERIAL + +.— + +Holotype +, a male, in IOZ, labeled: “CASENT 1018407”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +0.2 km +W of Shibali + +, + +2357 m + +, +N27.16650° +/ +E098.77936° +”/ “ + +18 August 2005 + +, in leaf litter, Stop# PP-4405, +P. Paquin +”/ “IMAGE” [green label]/ “ + +HOLOTYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [red label]. + +Paratypes +(a total of 26): +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled: same as +holotype +, except first label “CASENT 1018408” + +; + +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1014246”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +0.4 km +SE of Shibali + +along +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.16337° +/ +E098.78208° +, + +2475 m + +, + +8-11 May 2004 + +”/ “from mini-Winkler extraction of leaf litter siftate, Stop #CGY37, +C. E. Griswold +, D. H. +Kavanaugh +, & Yan H.-M. collectors” + +; + +1 male +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1019222”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +Shibali +Road + +at +Shibali +, +N27.16786° +/ +E098.77741° +,”/ “ + +2560 m + +, + +3 May 2004 + +Stop #DHK-2004-024, D.H. +Kavanaugh +& +C. E. Griswold. +collectors” + +; + +1 female +(in +IOZ +) labeled: “CASENT 1020952”/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +8.5 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, north bank of +North Fork of Yamu He +, +N27.118416° +/ +E098.72026° +”/ “ + +3100 m + +, + +9 August 2005 + +, Stop DHK-2005-067A D.H. +Kavanaugh +, +H.B. Liang +, +D.Z. Dong +, & +P. Paquin +collectors” + +; + +1 male +and +1 female +(in +CAS +) labeled: “CASENT 1021953” and “CASENT 1021952”, res/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +0.3 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +N27.116791° +/ +E098.77655° +”/ “ + +2563 m + +, +in pitfall trap +, + +3-11 May 2004 + +, Stop #CGY21, +C. E. Griswold +, D. H. +Kavanaugh +, Liang H.-B., & Yan H.-M. collectors” + +; + +10 males +and +10 females +(in +CAS +, +IOZ +, +MNHN +) labeled: “CASENT 1023285” to “CASENT 1023294” and “CASENT 1023295” to “CASENT 1023304”, respectively/ “ +CHINA +, +Yunnan Province +, +Fugong County +, +Lishadi Township +, + +0.3 km +above Shibali on Shibali Road + +, +N27.1166361° +/ +E098.77667° +”/ “ + +2563 m + +, +in pitfall trap +, + +4 May 2004 + +, Stop #DHK-2004-026, D. H. +Kavanaugh +& +C. E. Griswold +collectors”. All +paratypes +also bear the following label: “ +PARATYPE + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa +Deuve + +& Kavanaugh, +sp. nov. +designated 2016” [yellow label] + +. + + + + + +TYPE + +LOCALITY + +.— +China +, +Yunnan +, +Fugong County +, +Shiyueliang Township +, + +0.2 km +W of Shibali + +, +N27.16650° +/ +E098.77936° +, + +2537 m + + +, + + + +DERIVATION +OF +SPECIES +NAME + +.— The species epithet, + +unisetulosa + +, is an adjective derived from the Latin words, +unus +, meaning one, and +setulosus +, meaning bearing bristles or setae. The name refers to the single discal seta found on the elytra of members of this species. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Adults of this species ( +Fig. 29a +) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: size small to medium (BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +), apterous; body color dark reddish brown, dorsum shiny, very slightly iridescent; eyes small, only slightly projected laterally; tempora convex and sparsely pubescent; pronotum transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.40), with basal angles obtuse and rounded; elytra convex, with medial three or four stria distinct, finely punctate, more lateral striae more or less effaced; recurrent stria terminated anteriorly in presumed location of interval 6; only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted near anterior one-third next to stria 3; preapical seta present, inserted next to stria 2; medi- an lobe of male aedeagus ( +Fig. 29b +) with apex lobated and broadly rounded; endophallus with a large, scaly sclerorized area. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Size small to medium, BL = +3.3 to 3.5 mm +. Body color dark reddish brown, interval 1 of elytra slightly paler, reddish, appendages yellowish brown, palpi paler yellow; dorsum smooth, pronotum and elytra shiny, very slightly iridescent, head slightly alutaceous from more deeply impressed isodiametric microsculpture. + + +Head. Rather broad; eyes small, only slightly projected laterally, their diameter about equal to length of tempora, the latter convex and sparsely pubescent. Frons convex, with frontal furrows evenly rounded and deeply impressed, continuous to posterior margins of tempora. Two pairs of supraorbital setae present, the anterior pair inserted in foveae. Clypeus with four setae. Labrum with six setae, anterior margin distinctly emarginate. +Mentum +and submentum not fused. +Mentum +with medial tooth broad and apically bifid, less than half the length of the lateral lobes. Submentum with six setae anteriorly. Gula broad. Genae with a single ventral seta one each side. Antennae short, with only about 1.5 antennomeres extended posteriorly beyond basal pronotal margin; antennomeres 2 and 4 about equal in length, antennomere 3 slightly longer. + +Pronotum. Transverse (ratio PW/PL = 1.40), with greatest width near anterior one-third, moderately narrowed posteriorly; lateral margins rounded, slightly more so anteriorly, slightly straighten, but not at all sinuate, just anterior to basal angles, the latter bluntly obtuse. Disc convex, medi- an longitudinal impression finely impressed, continuous from posterior side of apical median swelling to posterior margin; basal foveae shallow, faintly impressed; median basal area well defined but short and transverse. Lateral borders slender and finely relexed dorsally, lateral grooves deeply impressed. Single midlateral setae on each side inserted near anterior one-third; single basolateral seta on each side, inserted at basal angle. + + +FIGURE +29. + +Trechepaphiopsis unisetulosa + +sp. nov. +; a. Dorsal habitus (CASENT1018407). b. Median lobe of aedeagus of male (CASENT1001903), left lateral aspect. c. Map of locality records (red circles) for + +T. unisetulosa + +in the Gaoligong Shan region. Scale lines a, b = 0.5 mm, c = 100 km. + + +Elytra. Ovoid, not or only slightly elongate, about equally narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, humeri distinct but rounded. Disc convex, striae faintly impressed and finely punctate, the medial three or four striae distinctly impressed, the more lateral striae more or less effaced, bearly perceptible. Parascutellar striole present, longer than average for genus. Recurrent stria abruptly terminated anteriorly in presumed location of posterior end of stria 5. Parascutellar setiferous pore present at base at common origin of discal striae 1 and 2. Only one discal setiferous pore present, inserted at anterior two-fifth of elytral length next to stria 3. Preapical seta present on interval 3 next to stria 2 and about equidistant from apical and sutural elytral margins. Umbilicate setal series with setae of humeral group equidistance from each other and setae of median group inserted slightly posterior to middle. +Legs. Short, protibiae with longitudinal furrow. Male protarsomeres 1 and 2 dilated and apicomedially toothed. +Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites glabrous, except for a single paramedial seta on each side, and ventrite VII of males apically with one pair of paramedial setae, of females with two pairs. + +Male aedeagus. Median lobe ( +Fig. 29b +) with sagittal aileron moderate in size, shaft broad basally, then gradually narrowed apically to a broadly rounded apex; endophallus with a large, scaly sclerorized area with two parts or folds. + + + +HABITAT +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Members of this species have been collected in pitfall traps set in slightly disturbed broadleaf forest with large trees, dense understory of ferns and other herbs, and a deep leaf litter layer, and also by sifting leaf litter in this same habitat. +One specimen +was beaten from roadside vegetation with suspended leaf and twig debris in that vegetation in the same area. +One specimen +was collected at a higher elevation ( +3100 m +) from under stones in a rocky open areas cleared by snow avalanches but shaded by three meter high herbaceous cover ( +Fig. 40b +). Specimens of + +Trechus shiyueliang + +, + +T. shibalicus + +and + +Trechepaphiopsis unipilosa + +sp. nov. +were found syntopic with the specimen of + +T. unisetulosa + +at this last site. + + + +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION +WITHIN +THE + + +GAOLIGONG + + + + +SHAN + + +.— +Fig. 29c +. +We +examined a total of +27 specimens +( +13 males +and +14 females +) from sites on the eastern slope of the northcentral part of the Gaoligong + + +Shan +in +Fugong County +(see +Type +material above for exact collection data). All of these sites are in +Core Area +3 + +. + + + +OVERALL +GEOGRAPHICAL +DISTRIBUTION + +.— This species currently is known only from Fugong County in the northcentral part of the Gaoligong Shan region, western +Yunnan Province +, +China +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70403FF91FFEEFBF4A5E7FDA8.xml b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70403FF91FFEEFBF4A5E7FDA8.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..635cdc49f63 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70403FF91FFEEFBF4A5E7FDA8.xml @@ -0,0 +1,455 @@ + + + +A Synopsis of the Eastern and Central Atlantic Combers of the Genus Serranus (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Serranidae) + + + +Author + +Iwamoto, Tomio +Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 U. S. A. e-mail: tiwamoto @ calacademy. org. + + + +Author + +Wirtz, Peter +Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, PT 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +1 + + +1 +39 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13156001 +0068-547X +13156001 +C84C1C06-23EC-4BDC-B868-8BA658E7E9D4 + + + + + + + +Serranus +( +Serranus +) +cabrilla +(Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + + +Figures 5–7 + + + +Perca cabrilla +Linnaeus, 1758 + +(no locality given). + + + + + + +Paracentropristis cabrilla + +: + + +Fowler, 1936:1291 + +( +14 spec. +, +137–325 mm +; +Madeira, Canaries, Azores +) + +. + + + + +Serranus cabrilla +: + +Poll 1954:69–72 +, fig. 19 ( +17 spec. +, +79–240 mm +; +Gabon +to s. +Angola +). Robins and Starck 1961:261–262, figs. 1a, 7c, 8a, 8c ( +4 spec. +, +Spain +and +Italy +). +Quero et al. 1990:704–705 +(compiled). + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— D X,13–14; P 14–16; V III,7; gill rakers 6–8+12–16 (18–24 total); pored lateral-line scales 70–77; circumpeduncular scales 36–40. Caudal fin shallowly forked, upper lobe slightly longer than lower lobe, a very short streamer on upper lobe in juveniles, but none developed in adults. Interradial membranes of dorsal and anal fins scaled on basal one-half to one-third. Nape, opercle, cheek, pectoral-fin base and chest scaled. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Body compressed, width across pectoral fin base about +2 in +HL; depth about +3 in +SL; head about 2.7– +2.8 in +SL. Dorsal and ventral profiles gently curved; the snout pointed and longer than orbit diameter; interorbital width (fleshy) slightly greater than orbit diameter; lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw; maxilla extending to below midorbit. Anterior nostrils with low rims lacking fingerlike fringes or cirri. Opercular spines three, the upper two fairly well developed, the lowermost obscure in adults, but more visible in juveniles. Preopercle margin coarsely serrat- ed, largest spines near angle. Interopercle smooth, (a few imbedded scales in large specimens); snout, interorbit, occiput, suborbit, jaws, gular and branchiostegal membranes naked. + + + +FIGURE +5. + +Serranus cabrilla +. + +Adult from near Hyères, Var, Provence, France. Photograph by Lucas Berenger. + + + + +FIGURE +6. + +Serranus cabrilla +. + +Adult from the Canary Islands. Photograph by Rogelio Herrera. + + + + +FIGURE +7. + +Serranus cabrilla +. + +Yellow morph from Ivory Coast (4°34ʹN, 6°37ʹW), collected by R/V Dr. Fridtjof + +Nansen by bottom trawl in 81 m. Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim. + +Premaxillary teeth in several irregular rows, the outer enlarged with one or more large canines at anterior end. A single file of enlarged, spaced teeth on dentary, largest teeth midlength on jaw; much smaller teeth interspersed on sides of larger teeth and a cluster of small teeth at anterior end. Vomer broadly V-shaped with small teeth. Palatine teeth all small, in a short to elongate patch. +Scales small, ctenoid, present on sides of head and nape to margin of frontals, but absent on interorbital, snout, suborbital region, jaws, gular and branchiostegal membranes, interopercle bone, outer margin of preopercle, and lower margin of subopercle. Small scales at bases of dorsal, anal, pectoral and caudal fins, and minimally (if at all) on pelvic fins. + +First 4–6 spines of dorsal fin graduated, the 6 +th +spine usually longest, the spines following subequal; the soft rays slightly higher, forming a slight rise (but no distinct notch) in profile of dorsal fin. Anal-fin spines much shorter than soft rays, the first spine somewhat more than half length of second and third spines, the last three or four soft rays longest. Pectoral fin broad-based, its origin slightly behind that of pelvic fins and about on same vertical as origin of dorsal fin, its distal tip over anus, slightly behind origin of anal fin. Pelvic fin falling well short of anus. Caudal fin shallowly lunate, almost truncate, upper and lower lobes about equal, but upper lobe with a very short streamer in small juveniles. + + + +Color +: + +( +Fig. 5 +) A series of about nine dark vertical bands along the light brown to reddish body, interrupted in some specimens by two or three white stripes; underside of head and belly mostly white; bands on body reduced to dark lateral blotches in some. Caudal and soft dorsal fins punctated with small bluish dots; in some individuals the basal one-third to one-half of soft dorsal fin dark but distally pale with small bluish spots; tips of caudal fin occasionally reddish ( +Fig. 6 +). Posterior margin of caudal fin occasionally blackish but never with black lobes as in + +S. atricauda + +. Juveniles may be quite different: a white midlateral stripe bordered by two thick black stripes, the upper stripe running from tip of snout through middle of eye to upper margin of operculum onto trunk above midlateral line to upper half of caudal peduncle, the lower stripe from base of pectoral fin to lower half of caudal peduncle; the dark stripes often partially broken into dark blotches. The juvenile color pattern is often very similar to that of + +S. atricauda + +(compare with +Fig. 3 +), although +three juveniles +(CAS 234559, 44.4–50. +7 mm +SL) trawled in 53– +50 m +off +Senegal +lacked the prominent dark lateral stripes. + + +As in many other fish species, + +S. cabrilla + +specimens from deep water tend to be more yellow ( +Medioni et al. 2001 +). In one individual from deeper waters at the +Azores +( +Fig. 7 +), ground color golden-yellow on flanks, yellowish-orange on head, and brownish to tan on dorsum; four or five metallic-blue longitudinal lines or stripes on body and three diagonal stripes on head, the lowest stripe on head originating on snout and running to preopercle angle onto subopercle; the upper two stripes originating below orbit and terminating at margin of opercle. A fourth diagonal stripe present in some, originating on posterior portion of maxilla and extending a short distance onto preopercle. Fins yellowish; the soft dorsal with dark basal half, the dark bands on body extending onto dorsal-fin rays. + + +Size +: +40 cm +TL. + + + +HABITAT +AND +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Over hard bottoms from the shore to +450 m +; from the British Isles to +Angola +, including the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, +São Tomé Island +(based on photo by the second author) and +Príncipe Island +(first record based on CAS 234287), apparently here and only in deep water at the +Cape Verde +Islands (Freitas et al., in prep.); also throughout the Mediterranean and into the Black Sea. Its presence in the Red Sea is attributed to invasion from the Mediterranean Sea after the Suez Canal was opened in 1869 ( +Norman 1927 +; +Tortonese 1954 +; Meisler 1988:156). Records of the species from +South Africa +are apparently of the closely similar + +S. knysnaensis +Gilchrist, 1904 + +(Heemstra and Anderson, 2016). + + + + + +SPECIMENS + +EXAMINED + +( +14 spec. +).— + +São Tomé e Príncipe + + +: + +CAS 234287 +( +1, 208 mm +SL); +Príncipe +Is. +, purchased dockside in +São Tomé +City +from fisherman selling catch taken off +Príncipe +; + +7 Apr. 2012 + +. + +Senegal + + +: + +CAS 234559 +(3, 44.4–50. +7 mm +SL); 15°19.1ʹN, 16°55.5ʹW, 53– + +50 m + + +; + + +R +/ +V +Dr Fridtjof Nansen + + + +CCLME +Survey +2012, sta. 98, + +28 May 2012 + +. + +Ghana + + +: + +CAS 234960 +( +1, 205 mm +SL); 5°54.77ʹN, 1°16.15ʹE; + +94–95 m + + +; + + +R +/ +V +Dr Fridtjof Nansen + +Survey + +2010.04.04 + +, sta. 1; + +30 Apr. 2010 + +. + +Cameroon + + +: + +CAS 238009 +( +1, 195 mm +SL); collector +A.I. Good +; 1940. + +Italy + + +: + +CAS-SU 20933 +(3, 142- +216 mm +SL); and + + +CAS-SU 20933 +(3, 142– +175 mm +SL); +Naples +; collector +E.C. Starks +; ca. 1907 + +. + +CAS-IU 7545 +( +1, 162 mm +SL); +Sicily +, +Palermo +; collector +P. Doderlein +; 1886. + +Spain + + +: + +CAS-SU 69064 +( +1, 171 mm +SL); +Mediterranean Sea +; +Gibralter +, +Gibralter Harbor +; collector + + +T +. +H. Work +; + +12 Aug. 1947 + +. + +Red Sea + + +: + +USNM 203668 +(4, +60–98 mm +SL); “Abu Zueima” [ +sic +, possibly +Abu Zenima +, in +Egypt +]; coll. +H. Steinitz +, + +22 Sept. 1967 + + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70406FF98FE77FDE2A3A4FEA2.xml b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70406FF98FE77FDE2A3A4FEA2.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..87780eef699 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70406FF98FE77FDE2A3A4FEA2.xml @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ + + + +A Synopsis of the Eastern and Central Atlantic Combers of the Genus Serranus (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Serranidae) + + + +Author + +Iwamoto, Tomio +Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 U. S. A. e-mail: tiwamoto @ calacademy. org. + + + +Author + +Wirtz, Peter +Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, PT 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +1 + + +1 +39 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13156001 +0068-547X +13156001 +C84C1C06-23EC-4BDC-B868-8BA658E7E9D4 + + + + + + +Genus + +Serranus +Cuvier, 1817 + + + + + + + + +Type +species + +Perca cabrilla +Linnaeus, 1758 + +(as designated by +ICZN +, Official List, Opinion 93) + +. + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— D X,12–15; A III,6–8, usually 7; P 12–18; V I,5; BR 7; vertebrae 10+14. Dorsal fin undivided, spinous and soft rays broadly united; caudal fin truncate, emarginate, or moderately forked, with 17 principal rays (15 branched); supramaxilla absent; teeth on vomer and palatines, none on tongue. Opercle with two or (usually) three flattened spines, the lowermost sometimes obscure or undeveloped; central spine largest and directed horizontally. A spinousedged suprascapular scale present. Scales mostly ctenoid, but some species have cycloid scales on head or trunk and + +S. drewesi + +n. sp. +has all scales cycloid; interorbit, occiput, upper part of postorbital region and interopercle variously scaled or naked; lateral line complete, with pored scales; maxilla naked. Species probably all synchronous hermaphrodites. Most species small, less than +20 cm +TL, but a few attain about +40 cm +TL (mostly from Robins and Starck, 1961:261). + + + + + +REMARKS + +.— Members of the genus are found on both sides of the Atlantic (including the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and in the Red Sea as an invasive), in the tropical eastern Pacific, and in the southwestern Indian Ocean off +South Africa +. The highest diversity is found in the western central Atlantic (14 spp.), followed by the eastern Atlantic (10 spp.), the eastern Pacific (6 spp.), and the Indian Ocean (2 spp.). The species are apparently endemic to each region, as no species is found in more than one region. +Kuiter (2004:80) +listed 30 described species of + +Serranus + +and two undescribed species, but one of the described species he listed is + +Chelidoperca africana +Cadenat, 1960 + +, which we consider as the only member of + +Chelidoperca + +in the Atlantic. + +Chelidoperca + +is otherwise known from 10 other species of the Indo-West Pacific ( +Matsunuma et al. 2018 +). Table 1 lists 32 species of + +Serranus + +, based on Kuiter (loc. cit.) and our findings. + + +Robins and Starck (1961) comprehensively treated the western Atlantic species of + +Serranus + +and provided valuable additional information on the genus, its included species, and relationships to other serranines; they also gave excellent descriptions of three eastern Atlantic species for which they had specimens. They considered that the anal fin-ray count of III,7 was the common number, but we found that our +two specimens +of + +S. atricauda + +had III,8, as did one of our specimens of + +S. scriba + +(CAS-SU 20897). +Meisler (1987:152) +stated that, + +S. atricauda + +“is the only + +Serranus +species + +to have exclusively eight anal rays.“ Heemstra and Anderson (2016:2410) gave the anal fin-ray count for + +S. hepatus + +as III,6 or 7, but seven of our +10 specimens +of that species had a count of III,7; the other had III,6. The +holotype +and only specimen of + +S. drewesi + +n.sp. +has an anal fin-ray count of III,6. + + +It is regrettable that Martin R. Meisler’s Ph.D. dissertation (1987) was never published inasmuch as it is a comprehensive revisionary work on the group, based on study of most of the species of + +Serranus + +and +Mentiperca +(as well as numerous other serranid genera) and a phylogenetic analysis using a variety of osteological, myological, and external characters. It contains a wealth of original information not elsewhere available and the bibliography is comprehensive to that time. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F7040EFF97FFEEFDDEA444FAB9.xml b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F7040EFF97FFEEFDDEA444FAB9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d79befb79e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F7040EFF97FFEEFDDEA444FAB9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ + + + +A Synopsis of the Eastern and Central Atlantic Combers of the Genus Serranus (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Serranidae) + + + +Author + +Iwamoto, Tomio +Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 U. S. A. e-mail: tiwamoto @ calacademy. org. + + + +Author + +Wirtz, Peter +Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, PT 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +1 + + +1 +39 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13156001 +0068-547X +13156001 +C84C1C06-23EC-4BDC-B868-8BA658E7E9D4 + + + + + + + +Serranus +( +Paracentropristis +) +drewesi +Iwamoto + +, +sp. nov. + + + + + + +Figure 8 + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— D X,11; P 14; A III,6; gill rakers 3+11; scales below 1D origin about 5, below 2D 4+1+8 or 9, pored lateral-line scales 44; circumpeduncular scales 1+9+1+10 (21 total). Anteri- or nostril tubular, rim greatly elevated posteriorly and bearing about 7 or 8 long cirri at tip. Scales all cycloid (except for a hard, sharply spinulated suprascapular scale bone above the upper opening of the gill cover). Caudal fin weakly emarginate, upper and lower lobes about equal. Interradial membranes of soft dorsal and anal fins scaly on basal one-half to one-third. Nape, opercle, preopercle, interopercle, mandibular ramus, pectoral-fin base, and chest covered with cycloid scales. A bold black spot between last three spines and first soft dorsal ray formed above broad black saddle on dorsal half of body. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Head and body laterally compressed, greatest width of head 6.3 times in SL, greatest body width 5.9 times in SL. Snout pointed, longer than orbit diameter; interorbital space narrow, bony width about 60% of greatest orbit diameter. Orbit about +4 in +HL; pupil sharply eggshaped with pronounced anterior aphakic (lensless) space. Jaws equal; posterior margin of maxilla below middle of orbit. Two broad, flat, weak opercular spines developed, the dorsal spine partially obscured by skin and scales, lower spine more prominent and forming posterodorsal corner of gill cover. Anterior nostril tubular, rim low anteriorly but elevated into a long flap posteriorly, the flap fringed with 7 or 8 long cirri, a few filaments longer than height of flap. Gill opening ventrally extending forward to about vertical passing through hind edge of orbit. Gill rakers relatively short, stout and recurved, the uppermost on lower limb (ceratobranchial) about +1.5 mm +in length, the succeeding rakers gradually shorter with last three or so tubercular. About 11 pseudobranchs. + +Spinous dorsal fin with middle spines longest, a prominent dip between spinous and soft-rayed portions of dorsal fin; the longest dorsal spine shorter than longest dorsal soft rays. Size and shape of pectoral fin could not be determined owing to left fin torn off in capture and right fin cut off for tissue sample. Pelvic fin below fourth spine of dorsal fin and behind origin of pectoral fin, its tip when depressed not extending to origin of anal fin. Anal fin with three strong spines, the first about half length of second, which is slightly longer than third spine; six soft rays forming narrow round- ed tip to fin. Caudal fin weakly emarginate. +Scales all cycloid (excepting a hard, sharply spinulated suprascapular scale bone above the upper opening of the gill cover). Snout and dorsal surfaces of head naked anterior to a vertical passing through hind margin of preopercle. Interopercle finely scaled anteriorly and dorsally immediately below preopercular margin. Mandibular ramus with tiny thin scales covering most of posterior surfaces and extending forward onto lateral surfaces. Cheeks (viz, preopercle) finely scaled; hind (vertical) margin of preopercle finely serrated, but ventral margin smooth. Opercle and subopercle with large scales in two major rows bordered posteriorly with small scales. Chest and nape fully scaled. Eight scale rows along dorsal crest of nape before origin of first dorsal fin. Small scales at base of second dorsal fin (and sparsely on posterior base of spinous dorsal fin), and on bases of pectoral and caudal fins. +Anterior tip of premaxillary with cluster of small teeth and one enlarged canine more laterally placed; the cluster of teeth followed by a tapered band of small teeth. Dentary teeth consist of a cluster of small, short, conical teeth anteriorly that are rigid along outer margin but depressible inward of outer row. Posterior to these, a series of four larger canine-like teeth, with an outer small- er tooth row, these in turn followed posteriorly by a row of smaller teeth. Vomerine teeth small, in a broad short band. Presence of palatine teeth could not be adequately assessed for fear of damaging specimen; however, there appeared to be a row of small teeth along the bone. + +Color +(fresh): ( +Fig. 8 +) Head with five or six small black spots behind eye, two in interorbital space, one on snout on median line, and diffuse ill-defined spots on sides of snout and head. Dorsal half of body and head darker than ventral half; nape and dorsum posteriorly to below third dorsal spine dark brown; a broad dark saddle below last three spines and first two soft rays of dorsal fin; a second dark saddle below 5 +th +through 9 +th +soft rays, followed by third saddle (partially merged with second) below last two soft rays and anterior one-third or so of caudal peduncle, a fourth saddle on posterior third of caudal peduncle ending sharply at base of caudal fin. Spinous dorsal fin irregularly brown with faint pale blotches, a bold black spot between posterior part of spinous dorsal and anteriormost end of soft dorsal fin; pectoral fin missing on both sides; pelvic fins pale to light yellow; anal fin dark brown overall; caudal fin mostly orangish to pink with darker upper and lower edges. Iris orange. + + + +FIGURE +8. + +Serranus drewesi +Iwamoto + +, +new species +. Holotype (CAS 234050 (53.5 mm SL) from submarine cave on + +Santana Islet, São Tomé Island. Photograph by David Catania. + + + +Comparisons +: + + +Serranus drewesi + +is most similar in overall characters to + +S. hepatus + +, notably in having six anal fin rays and closely similar fin ray counts, somewhat similar body shape, and general color pattern, including a prominent black spot on the dorsal fin. That spot, however, is not ocellated as in + +S. hepatus + +and it merges with the broad saddle on the dorsum immediately below. The saddles on the body do not extend to the ventral body margin and do not sharply contrast with a generally pale body as in + +S. hepatus + +. The pelvic fin is overall yellowish (dusky in preserved specimen) in contrast to black in + +S. hepatus + +and the anal fin is uniformly dark brown without the pronounced black anterior and clear distal parts so notable in + +S. hepatus + +. Other differentiating features include: the absence in + +S. drewesi + +of narrow gold to orange stripes on the head (vs. present in + +S. hepatus + +); black spots on the head (lacking in + +S. hepatus + +), two opercular spines in + +S. drewesi + +(vs. three); snout longer than orbit (vs. about equal to); gill rakers on first arch 14 total (3+1+10) (vs. 19-23); long cirri on flap of anterior nostril 7 or 8 (vs. 1-3 stubby cirri); cycloid scales on body (vs. ctenoid scales); circumpeduncular scale rows 21 (vs. 23-26); scale rows below origin of dorsal fin 5 (vs. 6-8); interorbital space naked (vs. scaled); mandibular ramus finely scaled (vs. naked). + + + +Serranus drewesi + +is readily differentiated from + +S. scriba +, +S. cabrilla +, + +and + +S. atricauda + +by its fewer lateral-line scales and its distinctive color pattern. The combination of relatively low fin-ray counts of soft dorsal, pectoral, and anal fins, and the fewer gill rakers, the absence of ctenoid scales, as well as the color pattern, which includes a large black spot on the dorsal fin, distinguish the new species from the remaining eastern Atlantic species of the genus. + + + +Size +: + +To at least +6.5 cm +TL + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION + +.— + +Known only from the +holotype +taken by mini-spear in a submarine cave in +Santana Islet +, +Republic +of +São Tomé e Príncipe + +. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— Named in honor of Dr. Robert C. Drewes of the California Academy of Sciences, for his dedicated efforts in leading 12 separate scientific and educational expeditions to +São Tomé e Príncipe +to explore and document the diverse fauna and flora of that country and to inspire and educate the country’s citizens as to the biological wealth and uniqueness of where they live. + + + + + +REMARKS + +.— We describe this species with some reluctance owing to the absence of additional specimens and the small size of the only representative. We did not examine the internal organs, notably the gonads, to determine whether it is a juvenile or an adult. If the former, it is likely that the adult pigmentation pattern of this species differs substantially from the +holotype +. We also did not examine the myological, arthrological, and osteological characters used by +Meisler (1987:80) +defining the subgenera + +Paracentropristis + +and + +Serranus + +(e.g., levator arcus palatini muscle inserts on preopercle and dorsal origin of ethmomaxillary ligament medial on mesethmoid). We await the collection of additional specimens to expand on the description of this obscure little species. + + + + + + + +TYPE + + +SPECIMEN + + +.— +Holotype +, +CAS 234050 +( +53.5 mm +SL); +São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé +Is. +; +Santana Islet +( +0°14ʹ33.1ʺN +, +6°45ʹ36.1ʺW +); collected by +J.E. McCosker +and +J.-L. Testori +in submarine cave at + +62 ft + +[ + +18.9 m + +] depth; + +28 Jan. 2009 + +; mini-hand spear. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70411FF82FFEEFA9AA5B2FE46.xml b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70411FF82FFEEFA9AA5B2FE46.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..269c540e443 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3E/19/87/3E1987F70411FF82FFEEFA9AA5B2FE46.xml @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ + + + +A Synopsis of the Eastern and Central Atlantic Combers of the Genus Serranus (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Serranidae) + + + +Author + +Iwamoto, Tomio +Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 U. S. A. e-mail: tiwamoto @ calacademy. org. + + + +Author + +Wirtz, Peter +Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, PT 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +1 + + +1 +39 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13156001 +0068-547X +13156001 +C84C1C06-23EC-4BDC-B868-8BA658E7E9D4 + + + + + + + +Serranus +( +Paracentropristis +) +pulcher +Wirtz and Iwamoto, 2016 + + + + + + + +Figures 18–21 + + + +Serranus +sp. + +Kuiter, 2004:162 +figs. A–D ( +São Tomé +Comber; photographs taken by Peter Wirtz in +São Tomé +) + +Serranus pulcher +Wirtz and Iwamoto, 2016:192–199 + +, figs. 1–15 ( +São Tomé e Príncipe +; +1–30 m +). + + + + + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— D X,12; P 15, rarely 14 or16; A III,7; gill rakers 6–9+12–14 (19–23 total); pored lateral-line scales 42–49; circumpeduncular scales 22–24; scales below origin of first dorsal fin 5–6. Caudal fin truncate, the upper lobe slightly produced, lower lobe rounded. Dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins scaly near base. Anterior nostril tubelike, rim low anteriorly but rising to a high narrow flap posteriorly, with 4–6 long cirri at distal tip; posterior nostril a simple opening lacking a raised rim. Seven or eight transverse bands on body; lips red with dark bands; a short moustache-like red streak behind end of maxillary, running across hind margin of dentary and almost meeting opposite streak at midventral line and enclosing ivory-white of mandibular rami; another red diagonal streak running from upper edge of maxillary, across lower edge of preopercle, across interopercle and branchiostegal rays, to base of pelvic fin, and enclosing white of preopercle, interopercle and chest. + + + + + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Body relatively slender to moderately deep and compressed, width over pectoral bases about half of HL, greatest body depth about 2.7– +3.2 in +SL and less than HL, which is about 2.4– +2.6 in +SL. Dorsal and ventral profiles gently curved from tip of snout to caudal fin. Snout shorter in length than orbit diameter; both substantially more than interorbital width. Lower jaw projecting slightly beyond upper jaw; maxilla extending to below posterior half of pupil. Anterior nostril tubular, the rim posteriorly elevated into a high narrow flap with 4–6 long slender cirri at distal tip; posterior nostril lacking raised rim. Opercular spines three, the uppermost small and often obscure, middle spine longest. Preopercle margin serrated with flattened spines, those at angle largest. + + +Premaxillary teeth in narrow band, the outer series spaced and slightly enlarged; one or more large canines at anterior end. Dentary with a band of small teeth flanked by a series of slightly enlarged outer teeth that become larger posteriorly. Vomerine tooth band broadly V-shaped, each arm followed by narrow band of small palatine teeth. First four to five spines of dorsal fin graduated, the 3 +rd +to 5 +th +spines longest, the spines following subequal; the soft rays slightly higher than longest spines, the 3 +rd +to 5 +th +ray longest; a slight notch in fin profile. Anal fin relatively high, its posterior tip somewhat pointed; spines shorter than soft rays, the first spine more than half length of second and third spines, the second spine longer and stouter than the others. Pectoral fin broad-based, its origin about on same vertical as that of dorsal and pelvic fins; the tip of pectoral fin extends to, or almost to, anus, that of pelvic fin falls short of anus, both fins falling well short of anal-fin origin. Caudal fin truncate; dorsal lobe slightly pointed, ventral lobe rounded at tip. + +Scales ctenoid, body fully covered; head naked over snout, interorbital, suborbital region, outer margin of preopercle and over subopercle. Small scales on interradial membranes of dorsal fin, mostly confined to basal one-fourth to one-half of soft rays, but a few on membrane between spines. Anal and caudal fins also with small scales at base, but on caudal fin, scales extending more distally. Scales on pectoral fin limited to immediate base of fin. + + +Color highly variable +: + +in a fresh specimen from +São Tomé Island +(CAS 227751, +56.6 mm +SL) dorsal aspects of head and body grayish brown to olive, this color extending down sides of head onto entire surface of opercle and most of preopercle but not interopercle and jaws; on body the ground color extends to mid-lateral line, below which the color becomes whitish to reddish and is dissected by seven or eight broad, red or brownish vertical bands that originate along dorsal outline of body and extend dorsally onto base of dorsal fin and ventrally to, or near, ventral outline. A faint brownish longitudinal stripe runs from upper lobe of opercle just above mid-lateral line to caudal fin base. Upper and lower lips deep red, but marked with dark bluish-gray bands and spots; lower lip with few faint bands or spots. A prominent red diagonal stripe from upper edge of maxillary, across interopercle, branchiostegal rays, and chest to base of pelvic fin. A short tapered moustache-like red streak behind end of maxilla, running across hind margin of dentary and almost meeting opposite streak at median-ventral line (see +Fig. 18 +). Two other diffuse diagonal red streaks behind lower half of opercle extend onto pectoral-fin base. Branchiostegal rays, gular membrane, ramus of lower jaw, chest, and antero-ventral parts of belly white except where marked by red streaks. Soft dorsal and anal fins dark grey-brown with small orange spots that form narrow, broken, diagonal to horizontal lines on fins. Pectoral fin clear with orange tint. Pelvic fins dusky with small orange spots; caudal fin yellow on upper and lower lobes, membrane between rays clear with small orange spots that form vertical lines on tail. + + +In a photograph of a +35.3 mm +SL specimen (CAS 227758) ( +Fig. 19 +) from +Príncipe +(Isla Santana), brownish color of sides of head interrupted by four or five thin, horizontal to slightly diagonal, reddish to orange lines; orange spots scattered on top of head and on snout. Vertical bands on body with dark squarish blocks mid-laterally. Anal and soft dorsal fins dark; spinous dorsal paler with red spots at base where body bands meet fin; tips of spines red. Ivory-white of gular and branchiostegal membranes, interopercle, and chest bordered by prominent dark-red streaks. Pelvic fins overall clear to light dusky with brownish-yellow rays. + + + +FIGURE +18. + +Serranus pulcher + +from São Tomé Island showing color pattern on chin and throat. Photo by Peter Wirtz. + + + + +FIGURE +19. + +Serranus pulcher + +A freshly collected specimen (paratype, CAS 227758, 36.3 mm SL) from Santana Islet, + +São Tomé. Photograph by David Catania. + + +A fish from +Príncipe +( +Fig. 20 +) shows a prominent, broad, brownish–red, broken midlateral stripe extending from midorbit to middle of caudal fin, bordered above and below by irregular white stripes, the dorsum with broad brownish patches between white patches, and the ventral aspects of the body a solid dark red. + + + +FIGURE +20. + +Serranus pulcher + +from Príncipe Island. Photograph by by Luiz Rocha. + + + + +FIGURE +21. + +Serranus pulcher + +. A different-colored morph from Príncipe Island. Photograph by Luiz Rocha. + + + +In a photograph ( +Fig. 21 +) of an individual from +Príncipe +, ground color orange with bold white stripes bordering a dark midlateral stripe that originates behind eye and extends to base of caudal fin; top of head, suborbital region, and snout dark gray with orange spots and vermiculations. In preserved specimens < +40 mm +SL, midlateral stripe most prominent and other markings rather obscure. This color morph appears to predominate in +Príncipe +, where the species is quite common (Luiz Rocha, pers. comm. 2015). + + + +Size +: + +To +9 cm +TL. + + + +HABITAT +AND +DISTRIBUTION + +.— Hard bottoms (rock, gravel, coral rubble, or marl) from about +1 m +depth (juveniles) to at least + +30 m +. + +São Tomé e Príncipe, off +Ghana and Gabon +, and probably more widely along Gulf of Guinea mainland. + + + + + +SPECIMENS + +EXAMINED + +( +9 spec. +).— + +São Tomé e Príncipe + + +: + +CAS 227754 +(4, 37.2–60. +2 mm +SL); +Príncipe +Is. +, nw side of +Bom Bom Is. +; +1°41ʹ44ʺN +, +7°24ʹ0.3ʺE +; + +48 ft + +[ + +14.6 m + +]; collectors +J.E. McCosker +, +D. Catania +; + +20 Jan. 2009 + + +. + +CAS 227753 +(1, +58.5 mm +SL); +1°41ʹ09.3ʺN +, +7°28ʹ07.6ʺE +; + +40 ft + +[ + +12.2 m + +]; collectors +J.E. McCosker +, +D. Catania +; + +23 Jan. 2009 + + +. + +CAS 227751 +(1, +56.6 mm +SL); +Kia Reef +; +0°25ʹ0.01ʺN +, 6°48ʹE; + +25–40 ft + +[7.6–12. + +2 m + +]; collectors +J.E. McCosker +, +D. Catania +, J-L. +Testori +; + +11 Jan. 2009 + + +. + +CAS 227755 +(1, +54.8 mm +SL); +Kia Reef +; +0°21ʹ37.1ʺN +, +6°43ʹ08.5ʺE +; + +45–72 ft + +[13.7–21. + +9 m + +]; collectors +J.E. McCosker +, +D. Catania +, J-L. +Testori +; + +11 Jan. 2009 + + +. + +CAS 227756 +(2, 59.3–60. +4 mm +SL); +São Tomé +Is. +, +Batalleo +; +0°22ʹ05.7ʺN +, +6°45ʹ41.6ʺE +; collectors +J.E. McCosker +, +D. Catania +, +E. Milson +; + +13 Jan. 2009 + + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFC55944FF7FFAC204328308.xml b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFC55944FF7FFAC204328308.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..24f34136ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFC55944FF7FFAC204328308.xml @@ -0,0 +1,468 @@ + + + +Louteridium (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Ruellieae: Trichantherinae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Reproductive Biology, and Conservation + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. +Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.; + + + +Author + +Tripp, Erin A. +Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A. E-mail: tdaniel @ calacademy. org, erin. tripp @ colorado. edu + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +2 + + +41 +106 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155705 +0068-547X +13155705 + + + + +6. + + +Louteridium koelzii +Miranda & McVaugh, +Ann. Inst. Biol. Mex. + +32:182. 1962 + +(“1961”). + +TYPE + +.— + +MEXICO +. + +Jalisco + +: + +8 mi +SW of Pihuamo + +[ca. +19°11’26.09”N +, +103°28’3.97”W +], + +500-600 m + +, + +6-XII-1959 + +(flr), + +R + + + +. + +McVaugh +& +W + +. + + + +Koelz +1507 + +( +holotype +: +MICH +!; +isotype +: +MEXU +!) + +. + + + + +Trees to +10 m +tall. Older (woody) stems subquadrate, irregularly fissured-striate; younger (herbaceous) stems stubby, quadrate, glabrous. Leaves deciduous, clustered at apex of old growth, petiolate, petioles to +73 mm +long, blades membranaceous, ovate to elliptic, +90–220 mm +long, +35–100 mm +wide, 2–2.7 × longer than wide, acute to acuminate at apex, rounded to attenuate and asymmetric at base, surfaces glabrous, margin entire. Inflorescence of axillary and/or terminal subsessile to pedunculate thyrses (main axis with lateral pedunculate dichasia appearing as branches) to +250 mm +long, peduncle to +50 mm +long, pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes 0.05–0.2 (–1) mm long, rachis pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes 0.1–0.4 (–1) mm long; dichasia opposite, pedunculate, 1–3 (or more)-flowered, to +63 mm +long (excluding corollas), dichasial peduncles +3–20 mm +long, pubescent like rachis. Bracts caducous, lance-elliptic to elliptic, +12–17 mm +long, 3.5– +5 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes 0.05– +0.2 mm +long. Bracteoles and secondary bracteoles usually present on young inflorescences but becoming deciduous as inflorescence matures, lance-elliptic to elliptic, +7–14 mm +long, 2–3. +5 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like bracts. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels +10–50 mm +long, pubescent like rachis. Calyx +17–28 mm +long, lobes subheteromorphic, membranaceous, abaxially pubescent with erect (to ± antrorse) eglandular trichomes 1–2 (–2.3) mm long, posterior lobe planar to ± conduplicate, ovate-elliptic, +17–25 mm +long, +11–15 mm +wide, usually slightly larger than lateral lobes, acuminate at apex, lateral lobes ovate-elliptic to elliptic to obovate, 15. +5–22 mm +long, +9–15 mm +wide, rounded to acute at apex, veins of lobes prominent (ca. 9 major veins). Corolla “pale green” to greenish yellow, +50–55 mm +long, externally glabrous, tube +29–33 mm +long, narrow proximal portion +9–13 mm +long, +9–16 mm +in diameter near midpoint, throat +15–20 mm +long, +30–35 mm +in diameter at mouth, lobes spreading to recurved, “narrowly ovate to subcircular” (fide Miranda and McVaugh 1962), +18–24 mm +long, +17–27 mm +wide, round- ed to acute at apex. Stamens 4, +72–90 mm +long, filaments glabrous distally, pubescent proximally with eglandular trichomes, thecae +10–12 mm +long; staminode (if present) not seen. Style +50–55 mm +long, glabrous, stigma lobes +1.5 mm +long, shape and width not determined. Capsule +25–30 mm +long, +7–10 mm +in diameter, pubescent throughout with erect to flexuose to antrorse eglandular trichomes 0.05– +0.2 mm +long, stipe 1.5– +2 mm +long. Seeds up to 16 per capsule, +7–8 mm +long, +5–6 mm +wide, surfaces minutely papillose. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: December–February; fruiting: February. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITAT + +.— West-central +Mexico +( +Jalisco, Michoacán +; +Fig. 8 +); plants occur on limestone slopes in “high forest dominated by + +Brosimum + +” in regions of tropical subdeciduous and deciduous forests at elevations from 500 to 1400 meters. + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + +.— +Figure 14 +; Miranda and McVaugh (1962:183, fig. 2). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— + +Louteridium koelzii + + +is currently known from a very limited region of western +Mexico +( +EOO += +5.3 km +2 +; AOO = +12 km +2 +). +The +species is not known to occur in a protected area, and it has not been recollected since 1975 (i.e., + +McVaugh +26180 + +; although see discussion below about an undetermined plant from a nearby region of +Jalisco +). +Based +on current knowledge, there appear to be two subpopulations about +80 km +apart, one in +Jalisco +and one in +Michoacán +. +Comparing +historic landsat images (2006 to 2017) via +Google Earth Pro (2018) +in the region of the known collections from +Jalisco +, it is evident that deforestation for agriculture has reduced the natural vegetation there substantially (ca. ≥ 30%), thus creating a threat to this species, at least in that region. +No +specific threat has been identified for the subpopulation in +Michoacán +. +Thus +, there are two locations for the species, and a threat is evident for one of them. +Based +on these observations, a preliminary conservation assessment of +Endangered +( +EN +; +B1 +, a, b) is proposed for + +L. koelzii + + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— An undetermined specimen of + +Louteridium + +from western +Mexico +( +Jalisco +: Mpio. Jilotlán de los Dolores, Cerro de San Antonio, +15 km +N de Tazumbos, matorral subtropical en suelos con pedregocidad de toba volcánica, +900 m +, +6 Feb 1982 +, +F. Santana Michel 1081 +, IBUG) does not seem to pertain to either species known from nearby regions (i.e., + +L. brevicalyx + +or + +L. koelzii + +) or other species of the genus. The plant, which lacks mature flowers, is geographically closest and morphologically most similar to + +L. koelzii + +. Like that species, it occurs in an apparently dry habitat and has seasonally deciduous foliage. Both of these characteristics suggest that the undetermined plant has four stamens. Other characteristics in common with + +L. koelzii + +include erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes on the rachis, peduncles, and pedicels; ovate-elliptic calyx lobes, and externally glabrous corollas. It differs from specimens of + +L. koelzii + +studied herein by having pubescent young stems, shorter calyces ( +14–15 mm +long, although the flowers are not fully mature), and longer ( +35–40 mm +) capsules that are pubescent only at the apex. Disposition of this plant awaits further studies and/or collections. + + + +FIGURE +14. + +Louteridium koelzii + +. A. Apex of shoot with flush of new leaves ( +McVaugh & Koelz 1797 +). B. Branch with inflorescence in flower ( +McVaugh & Koelz 1507 +). C. Leaf ( +McVaugh & Koelz 1797 +). D. Corolla bud opened ( +McVaugh & Koelz 1797 +). E. Dehisced corolla with epipetalous stamens ( +McVaugh 26180 +). F. Distal portion of style and stigma ( +McVaugh 26180 +). G. Partially dehisced capsule with calyx and pedicel ( +McVaugh 26180 +). H. Seed ( +McVaugh 26180 +). Drawn by Karin Douthit, copyright reserved to University of Michigan Herbarium, used with permission. + + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED + +.— + +MEXICO +. + +Jalisco + +: ca. + +12–13 km +SW of Pihuamo + +, + +R + + +. + + +McVaugh +26180 + +( +MICH +); + +8 mi +SW of Pihuamo + +, + +R + + + +. + +McVaugh +& +W + +. + + + +Koelz +1797 + +( +MEXU +, +MICH +, +US +) + +. + + +Michoacán + +: + +15–16 km +SE of Aserradero Dos Aguas + +, +W +of +Aguililla +[ca. +18°45’51.11”N +, +102°49’22.26”W +], + +R + + +. + + +McVaugh +24740 + +( +MICH +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCB594FFF7FFBBA055082EF.xml b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCB594FFF7FFBBA055082EF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bb62147f81b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCB594FFF7FFBBA055082EF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@ + + + +Louteridium (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Ruellieae: Trichantherinae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Reproductive Biology, and Conservation + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. +Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.; + + + +Author + +Tripp, Erin A. +Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A. E-mail: tdaniel @ calacademy. org, erin. tripp @ colorado. edu + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +2 + + +41 +106 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155705 +0068-547X +13155705 + + + + +3. + + +Louteridium costaricense + +Radlk. & Donn. Sm., +Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) + + +37:422. 1904 + +. + +TYPE + +.— +COSTA RICA +. + +Cartago + +: + +Tucurrique, +Las +Vueltas [ca. +09°50’53.61”N +, +083°43’35.82”W +], + +1000 m + +, + +III-1899 + +(flr), + +A +. +Tonduz +8123 + +( +holotype +: +US +!) + +. + + + + +Perennial herbs to shrubs to +2 m +tall, terrestrial. Older (woody) stems subquadrate, lenticellate, lacking trichomes; younger (herbaceous) stems subquadrate to flattened, glabrous. Leaves not all seasonally deciduous, ± evenly distributed along stems, petiolate, petioles to +85 mm +long, blades subsucculent, (ovate-elliptic to) elliptic to obovate, +125–335 mm +long, +43–153 mm +wide, 2.2–3.2 × longer than wide, acute to acuminate to acuminate-falcate at apex, attenuate at base, surfaces glabrous, margin entire to sinuate. Inflorescence a terminal pedunculate (racemose thyrse to) thyrse to +335 mm +long (including peduncle and excluding corollas), peduncle to +230 mm +long, glabrous, rachis glabrous; dichasia often modified via sympodial expansion and appearing like lateral branches, opposite or alternate, (subsessile to) pedunculate, 1–many-flowered, to +117 mm +long (excluding corollas), dichasial peduncles +1–15 mm +long, glabrous. Bracts persistent, lance-ovate to ovate to elliptic (or subfoliose proximally), +6–70 mm +long, +2–24 mm +wide, abaxially glabrous or glandular punctate (but lacking elongate trichomes), sometimes with lenticel-like encrustations as well. Bracteoles persistent, ovate to elliptic, 3. +5–11 mm +long, 2–6. +5 mm +wide, abaxial surface like that of bracts, those of a pair sometimes basally fused for ca. +1 mm +(at least along one side). Flowers pedicellate, pedicels +6–58 mm +long, glabrous or sometimes covered with crystal-like punctations or globules or pubescent with stipitate glandular trichomes (sometimes sparse) 0.1– +0.2 mm +long. Calyx pale green to white, +23–65 mm +long, lobes subheteromorphic to heteromorphic, membranaceous, acute to subacuminate at apex, abaxially glabrous or pubescent (at least near base) with sparse glandular trichomes like those of pedicels and conspicuously or inconspicuously glandular-punctate, punctations < +0.1 mm +in diameter, posterior lobe planar or ± conduplicate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate to elliptic, +23–65 mm +long, longer than lateral lobes, +10–36 mm +wide, lateral lobes lance-ovate to ovate to ovate-cordate to elliptic, +21–52 mm +long, +7–27 mm +wide. Corolla greenish white to pale yellow, +40–60 mm +long, externally pubescent with erect to flexuose glandular (0.1– +0.5 mm +long) and eglandular (0.1– +1 mm +long) trichomes, trichomes sometimes very sparse, tube +25–46 mm +long, narrow proximal portion +3–17 mm +long, 4. +5–10 mm +in diameter near midpoint, throat +22–43 mm +long, +17–23 mm +in diameter at mouth, lobes spreading to recoiled, broadly triangular to broadly ovate to subcircular, +8–16 mm +long, +6–12 mm +wide, round- ed to acute and ± emarginate at apex. Stamens 2, +52–57 mm +long, filaments glabrous distally, not seen proximally, thecae +9–15 mm +long; staminodes (if present) not seen. Style +50–55 mm +long, glabrous distally, not seen proximally, stigma subequally to unequally 2-lobed, lobes linear-oblong, 3–5. +2 mm +long, 1.2– +1.5 mm +wide. Capsule +27–35 mm +long, 6– +6.5 mm +in diameter, glabrous, stipe +7–12 mm +long. Seeds up to 16 per capsule, 4–6. +2 mm +long, +4–6 mm +wide, surfaces smooth to wrinkled. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: throughout the year; fruiting: June–March. +Folsom et al. 5464 +notes that corollas open in the evening; +González 7918 +notes that flowers were closed at 17:00 but opened by 19:00. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITAT + +.— + +Costa Rica +( +Cartago +, +Guanacaste +, +Heredia +, +Limón +, +Puntarenas +, and +San José +) and + + +Panama +( +Bocas del Torro +, +Chiriquí +, +Colón +, and +Guna Yala +), primarily (or exclusively?) on the +Caribbean +versant ( +Fig. 9 +); plants occur in and along streams in lowland to montane wet forests and cloud forests at elevations from + +15 to 1700 m + + +. + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + +.— +Figure 4A, B +; +Durkee (1978:232 +, fig. 20); +Durkee (1985:14 +, fig. 12). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— + +Louteridium costaricense + +has the largest EOO ( +61,058 km +2 +) among congeners. Its EOO includes at least 23 protected areas ( +16 in +Costa Rica +and seven in +Panama +), and the species has been collected in five of them. Although there are undoubtedly threats to the species in various portions of its extensive geographic range, considering its overall distribution and relative abundance, the species is here assessed as Least Concern (LC; +IUCN 2017 +). + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— Corollas of + +Louteridium costaricense + +are more tubular and generally less open than in congeners. No significant differences were encountered between plants from +Costa Rica +and those from +Panama +. Considerable variation is evident in the shape and width of corolla lobes from oblong-lanceolate to lance-ovate and +7 to 12 mm +wide (e.g., +Tonduz 8123 +) to ovate-cordate and +21 to 32 mm +wide (e.g., + +Herrera +& Gamboa 8581 + +). + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED + +.— + +COSTA RICA +. + +Cartago + +: +Cantón de Turrialba +, Valle del Reventazón, +Grano de Oro +, + +El +Sies + +, + +Moravia +de Chirripó + +, +09°49’50”N +, +083°26’40”W +, + +P + + + +. + +Campos +& +A + +. + + + +Campos +213 + +( +MO +); “ +Limon +, Siquirres, Las Brisas de Pacuarito, camino a Cerro Tigre,” +09°57’00”N +, +083°25’50”W +[= +Cartago Province +], + +G + + +. + + +Herrera +8840 + +( +K +); “ +Limon +, Siquirres, Pacuarito, Las Brisas,” +09°56’10”N +, +083°25’20”W +[= +Cartago Province +], + +G + + +. + + +Herrera +et al. 8646 + +( +K +) + +. + + +Guanacaste + +: Cordillera +de Tilarán +, + +1 km +N +de Las Nubes de Río Chiquito + +, +Zona Monteverde +, +10°22’N +, +084°51’W +, + +W + + + +. + +Huber +& +W + +. + + + +Zuchowski +8681 + +( +MO +); “ +Puntarenas +,” +Cordillera de Tilarán +, +Monteverde +, +San Gerardo Biological Station +, +Sendero Congo +, + +1 km +W +of Station + +, +10°22’N +, +084°48’W +[= +Guanacaste Province +], + +D. Penneys +454 + +( +CAS +) + +. + + +Heredia + +: +Finca La Selva +, OTS +Field Station on Río Puerto Viejo +just +E + + +of its jct. with +Río Sarapiquí +[ +10°25’53”N +, +084°00’13”W +], + +B + + + +. + +Hammel +& +J + +. + + + +Trainer +13226 + +( +CAS +, +DUKE +, +MO +) + +. + + +Limón + +: +Cantón Siquirres +, +Finca +de +E + +. + +Berlin +, +Pocora +, cuenca del +Río Destierro +, [ca. +10°10’5.11”N +, +083°35’41.15”W +], + +J + + +. + + +González +7918 + +(LSCRimage seen), + +J + + + +. + +González +& +J + +. + + + +Chaves +8728 + +(LSCR-image seen), + +J + + +. + + +González +et al. 8157 + +(LSCRimage seen); +Cantón Siquirres +, +La Alegría +, +Alto Botella +, [ca. +10°05’45.64”N +, +083°36’58.36”W +], + +J + + +. + + +González +et al. 7967 + +(LSCR-image seen), +9618 +(LSCR-image seen); +Cantón Siquirres +, +Florida +, +Alto Botella +, [ +10°05’19.97”N +, +083°33’26.45”W +], + +J + + +. + + +González +et al. 9353 + +(LSCR-image seen); + +Cantón +Siquirres + +, +Pocora +, Cuenca del Río Destierro, Cordillera de Talamanca, + +Cantón +de Matina + +, + +200 m + +aguas abaja de la confluencia de +Quebrada Cañabral +con +Río Barbilla +, +10°00’10”N +, +083°25’30”W +, + +G + + +. + + +Herrera +2286 + +( +DUKE +, +MO +); +Almirante +, +Cerro Chiqui +, +09°43’40”N +, +083°18’30”W +, + +G + + + +. + +Herrera +& +W + +. + +Gamboa +E + +. + + +8581 +( +F +, +K +, +MEXU +, +MO +, +NY +, +US +) + +; + + +10 km +SW of Siquirres + +on road to +Turrialba +, +E + +of ridge top, +J. + + +MacDougal +1110 + +( +DUKE +); +Cantón de Limón +, +Cordillera de Talamanca +, +Cerro Muchilla +, +Fila Matama +, entrando por pueblo +El Progresso +, +09°47’40”N +, +083°06’30”W +, + +R + + + +. + +Robles +& +A + +. + + + +Chacón +2765 + +( +MO +). + +Puntarenas + +: vicinity of +Finca Las Cruces +, +SE of San Vito +on road to +Via Neilly +, [ca. +08°47’14.82”N +, +082°57’25.04”W +], + +R + + +. + + +Weaver +et al. 1777 + +( +DUKE +). + +San José + +: from +La Montura +to +Los Chorritos +, + +L + + +. + + +Gomez +et al. 20929 + +( +MO +) + +. + +PANAMA +. + +Bocas del Torro + +: +Fish Creek Mts. +, vicinity of + + +Chiriqui +Lagoon +[ca. +08°58’59.68”N +, +082°13’48.70”W +], + +H + + +. + + +von +Wedel +2283 + +( +MO +) + +. + + +Chiriquí + +: +Fortuna Dam +site [ca. +08°44’46.90”N +, +082°14’38.50”W +], + +J + + + +. + +Folsom +& +R + +. + + + +Dressler +5464 + +( +MO +); +La Fortuna +hydroelectric project, ridge behind camp, [ +08°41’25.09”N +, +082°13’47.82”W +], + +B + + +. + + +Hammel +2228 + +( +MEXU +, +MO +) + +. + + +Colón + +: along +Río Guanche +, +3–7 km +above bridge [ca. +09°29’N +, +079°38’W +], + +B + + +. + + +Hammel +et al. 4916 + +( +MO +); ca. +2– 3 mi +up +Río Guanche +[ca. +09°30’30”N +, +079°39’30”W +], + +H + + + +. + +Kennedy +& +R + +. + + + +Foster +2180 + +( +MO +) + +. + + +Guna Yala + +( + +San Blas +) + +: +Nusagandi +, +El Llano–Cartí Road +, along creek on +Atlantic +slope [ca. +09°18’18.56”N +, +078°59’20.14”W +], + +G + + + +. + +de +Nevers +& +B + +. + + + +González +3656 + +( +DUKE +, +MEXU +, +MO +); +El Llano–Cartí Road +, +KM 19 + +. + +1 [ca. +09°20’51.93”N +, +079°01’54.94”W +], + +G + + +. + + +de +Nevers +et al. 6195 + +( +CAS +, +DUKE +, +MEXU +, +MO +); trail to +Cerro Obu +( +Habu +of maps) from +Río Urgandi +( +Río Sidra +) [ca. +09°23’59.51”N +, +078°49’40.88”W +], + +G + + +. + + +de Nevers +et al. 8007 + +( +CAS +, +MO +); +El Llano–Cartí +hwy., ca. + +23 km +N +of El Llano + +, + +R + + +. + + +Dressler +4310 + +( +DUKE +, +ENCB +, +F +, +MO +); +Nusagandi +, +El Llano–Cartí +road, +09°19’N +, +078°55’W +, + +H. van +der +Werff +7019 + +( +CAS +, +MO +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCD594DFF7FFBAA053785AF.xml b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCD594DFF7FFBAA053785AF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6a55c1d1020 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCD594DFF7FFBAA053785AF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ + + + +Louteridium (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Ruellieae: Trichantherinae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Reproductive Biology, and Conservation + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. +Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.; + + + +Author + +Tripp, Erin A. +Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A. E-mail: tdaniel @ calacademy. org, erin. tripp @ colorado. edu + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +2 + + +41 +106 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155705 +0068-547X +13155705 + + + + +4. + + +Louteridium dendropilosum + +T.F. Daniel, +Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. + + +64:140. 2017 + +. + +TYPE + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Oaxaca + +: + +Distr. Pochutla, +Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto +, +Arroyo Arena +, ca. + +100 m + +downstream from jct. +Río Laja +, ca. + +3 km +SE of Rancho Dioon + +toward +Xadani +, +15°58’51.33”N +, +096°05’53.91”W +, + +600 m + +, evergreen seasonal forest (selva mediana subperennifolia), + +29-III-2011 + +, +T +. + +Daniel, +A +. Sánchez, and +J +. Pascual 11784 + +( +holotype +: +MEXU +!; +isotypes +: +CAS +! +COLO +! +K +! +MO +! +NY +! +SERO +! +US +!) + +. + + + + +Shrubs to trees to +12 m +tall, sometimes epipetric. Older (woody) stems quadrate, lenticellate, irregularly striate-sulcate, lacking trichomes; younger (herbaceous) stems subquadrate-sulcate, sparsely lenticellate, irregularly fissured, evenly pubescent with erect to flexuose simple and dendritic (sparse) eglandular trichomes <0.1– +0.5 mm +long. Leaves seasonally deciduous, ± clustered at apex of old growth or at apex of an otherwise leafless shoot of new growth, petiolate, petioles to +65 mm +long, blades subsucculent, ovate to elliptic to broadly elliptic, +76–190 mm +long, +40–122 mm +wide, 1.4–2.5 × longer than wide, apiculate to acuminate at apex, rounded to acute to attenuate at base, adaxial surface pubescent with simple and dendritic eglandular trichomes, trichomes soon becoming ± restricted to proximal portion or to midvein, abaxial surface pubescent (especially along veins) with dendritic trichomes to +0.5 mm +long, midvein often pinkish or reddish, margin entire (sometimes undulate and appearing subcrenate). Inflorescence a terminal subsessile to pedunculate raceme to +220 mm +long, peduncle to +50 mm +long, pubescent like young stems, rachis pubescent like young stems; dichasia opposite or alternate, sessile, 1-flowered, to +47 mm +long (excluding corollas). Bracts caducous, lanceolate to lance-ovate, +11–16 mm +long, 2. +5–6 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent with simple and dendritic trichomes 0.05– +0.2 mm +long. Bracteoles caducous, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, +7–9 mm +long, +2–3 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like bracts. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels +21–46 mm +long, pubescent like rachis or with the trichomes to +1 mm +long. Calyx +17–32 mm +long, lobes fused at base for 1– +1.5 mm +, subhomomorphic to subheteromorphic, membranaceous, subelliptic to ovate-elliptic to subrhombic-obovate, rounded to acute at apex, abaxially pubescent with mostly dendritic trichomes 0.1– +0.5 mm +long, posterior lobe planar, +17–32 mm +long, +10–19 mm +wide, usually slightly larger and sometimes more conspicuously venose than lateral lobes, major veins often maroon, lateral lobes +20–31 mm +long, +8–18 mm +wide. Corolla light green or greenish yellow, sometimes with maroon on limb (especially at base of lobes) and distal portion of throat, externally glabrous (inconspicuously glandular punctate but lacking elongate trichomes), +50–62 mm +long, tube +35–37 mm +long, narrow proximal portion +11–15 mm +long, 6–10. +5 mm +diameter near midpoint, throat +20–24 mm +long, +25–35 mm +diameter at mouth, lobes recurved to recoiled, broadly ovate to subtriangular, +13–20 mm +long, +10–21 mm +wide, entire at apex. Stamens 4, +60–80 mm +long, filaments glabrous distally, glabrous or pubescent with eglandular trichomes near base, thecae 8–10. +5 mm +long; staminode 1, rodlike, 0. +6–40 mm +long. Style +70–101 mm +long, distally glabrous, pubescent with eglandular and glandular trichomes near base, stigma equally 2-lobed, lobes broadly elliptic to broadly ovate-triangular, +1–2 mm +long, 1– +1.4 mm +wide. Capsule +21–28 mm +long, 6.5–9. +5 mm +in diameter, densely pubescent with erect glandular trichomes 0.05– +0.5 mm +long and with an overstory (sometimes sparse) of erect to flexuose (sometimes dendritic) eglandular trichomes to +1.4 mm +long, stipe 2.5– +3.5 mm +long. Seeds up to 16 per capsule, 5. +2–7 mm +long, 5–6. +4 mm +wide, surfaces smooth. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: February–March; fruiting: March–April. Based on field observations and cultivated plants ( +Daniel et al. 11894cv +), flowering occurs on leafless (or nearly leafless) plants during the dry season. Near the end of the dry season (e.g., late March–April) when flowering is waning and fruits are mature, a new flush of vegetative growth appears from axils of clustered leaf scars at the base of the inflorescence, which eventually falls away. New internodal stem elongation (e.g., the young stems of the description above) takes place from the axil of a leaf scar on the old growth and terminates in a cluster of new leaves and/or between at least one of the pairs of leaves in the cluster and the remaining cluster. + + +Field observations of +Daniel et al. 11894 +over three days ( +24–26 February 2012 +) revealed: day 1 between 08:00–09:00 (light) — corollas mostly fallen, only a few from previous night still attached to tree; day 2 between 19:00–20:00 (dark) — all corollas open, ca. 100 seen, bats active around plants but none seen visiting flowers, no floral odor detected and no nectar visible in saccate tube of undissected corollas, stigma extended ca. +1 cm +beyond anthers on fresh flowers, stigma of 7 flowers examined for pollen (all pollinated); day 3 between 17:30–18:30 (light) — many corollas open and many others still in bud, corollas open fully (including recurving of corolla lobes) in 15 to 20 seconds, open flowers actively visited by Cinnamon Hummingbird ( + +Amazilia rutila + +, species det. by Jeff Chemnick), birds probe for nectar once or twice at same flower before moving on, nectar is located behind a barrier (seen in dissected flowers) at the base of the tube, nectar not visible in the saccate throat, birds appear to contact anthers with head or back and presumably contact the stigma on some visits as well, birds visit between 5–10 flowers on a single plant or on multiple plants before moving away from an area or resting on a branch, 2 flowers were observed to open and when subsequently visited by a hummingbird (one flower visited once, other flower visited twice) they were checked for pollination (no pollen observed on stigma of either), small bees or flies also observed visiting flowers but they only contact anthers, buds continue opening until full darkness (at 18:30); day 3 between 18:30–20:30 (dark) — hummingbirds no longer active, bats very active around plants but none observed visiting flowers. + + +On a single flower of +Daniel et al. 11894cv +grown in San Francisco, corolla lobes began to separate at 15:50 and the corolla was fully open (lobes spreading 90° with respect to the throat or reflexed) with the stamens and style fully exserted by 16:15. By 18:00, all corolla lobes were at least partially recoiled. At 23:00, 6.5 μl of nectar was encountered in the nectar chamber, and the stigma was dusted with pollen from the anthers. At 07:15 the next day, 72.1 μl of nectar was recovered from the nectar chamber. The corolla abscised and fell from the persisting flower at 07:45. Thus, the corolla of the pollinated flower persisted for ca. 16 hours. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITAT + +.— + +Southern +Mexico +( +Oaxaca +; +Fig. 8 +) in the +Sierra Madre del Sur +and the +Isthmus of Tehuantepec +; plants occur on limestone (often karstic) slopes of streams in tropical deciduous forests and tropical subdeciduous forests at elevations from + +600 to 750 m + +. + + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + +.— +Figure 2F–L +; +Daniel (2017:143 +, fig. 8). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— A discussion and preliminary conservation assessment of Endangered (En) was proposed for this species (B1, a, b; +IUCN 2017 +) by +Daniel (2017) +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— + +Louteridium dendropilosum + +is unique among congeners by its dendritic trichomes, which are present on both vegetative and reproductive organs. Trichomes of other species may consist of one or more cells and be either glandular or eglandular, but they are not branched. Bracts and bracteoles are caducous prior to maturation of the flowers associated with them; thus, they are rarely encountered and are not present on any of the wild-collected specimens. The data on their shape, size, and pubescence noted above were taken just prior to their dehiscence from the young inflorescence of a cultivated plant ( +Daniel et al. 11894cv +). + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED + +.— + +MEXICO +. + +Oaxaca + +: +Distr. Pochutla +, +Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto +, +Arroyo Arena +, ca. + +100 m + +downstream from jct. +Río Laja +, ca. + +3 km +SE of Rancho Dioon + +toward +Xadani +, +15°58’51.33”N +, +096° 05’53.91”W +, + +T + + +. + + +Daniel +, et al. 11894 + +( +CAS +, +MEXU +), +12187 +( +CAS +, +MEXU +), cultivated plants of +11894 +grown from seeds in +San Francisco +, +California +, +11894cv +( +CAS +); +Mpio. El Barrio +, +9 km +N + + +[sic] +de El Barrio +, +Cerro Palmasola +, antena microondas [ca. +16°44’32.52”N +, +095°05’36.04”W +], + +R + + + +. + +Fernández +N + +. + + +4189 +( +IEB +, +NY +); +Distr. Pochutla +, +Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto +, +Arroyo Arena +, +15°58’39.7”N +, +096°05’54.9”W +, + +J + + +. + + +Pascual +1396 + +( +MEXU +, +SERO +, +TEX +); +Distr. Pochutla +, +Mpio. San Miguel del Puerto +, + +300 m + +de la terracería sobre la vereda rumbo +Río la Laja +, +15°58’49.9”N +, +096°06’6.9”W +, + +A + + + +. + +Saynes +V + +. + + +et al. 3831 +( +MEXU +, +SERO +); +Distr. Juchitán +, +Mpio. El Barrio +, parte alta del +Cerro Palmasola +, junto a la antena de microondas [ca. +16°44’32.52”N +, +095°5’36.04”W +], + +S + + + +. + +Zamudio +R + +. 6352 + +(CAS, IEB). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCF5947FF7FFB6B07378451.xml b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCF5947FF7FFB6B07378451.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a0dbdbec8ff --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFCF5947FF7FFB6B07378451.xml @@ -0,0 +1,3497 @@ + + + +Louteridium (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Ruellieae: Trichantherinae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Reproductive Biology, and Conservation + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. +Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.; + + + +Author + +Tripp, Erin A. +Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A. E-mail: tdaniel @ calacademy. org, erin. tripp @ colorado. edu + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +2 + + +41 +106 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155705 +0068-547X +13155705 + + + + +5. + + +Louteridium donnell-smithii + +S. Watson, +Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts + + +23:284. 1888 + +. + +TYPE + +.— +GUATEMALA +. + +Alta Verapaz + +: +Pansamalá +, + +3800 ft. + +, + +V-1887 + +(flr, frt), + +H. +von Türckheim +856 + +( +holotype +: GH-00094124-images seen; see discussion). + + + + +Shrubs or trees to +12 m +tall, terrestrial or epipetric. Older (woody) stems subquadrate to quadrate, irregularly striate-fissured, pubescent or glabrate; younger (herbaceous) stems quadrate to quadrate-sulcate, densely pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes to +2 mm +long (distal 1 or several internodes sometimes with glandular trichomes as well). Leaves not all seasonally deciduous, evenly distributed on young shoots, petiolate, petioles to +190 mm +long, blades membranaceous, ovate to broadly ovate to cordate, +140–465 mm +long, +85–316 mm +wide, 1–2 × longer than wide, acuminate at apex, acute to rounded to cordate at base, surfaces densely pubescent with cauline +type +trichomes, margin crenate-dentate with rounded (to acute) teeth up to +2 mm +long. Inflorescence a terminal pedunculate raceme to thyrse to +450 mm +long (including peduncles and excluding corollas), peduncle to +250 mm +long, pubescent with flexuose glandular and eglandular trichomes to +2.8 mm +long (viscid), rachis viscid; dichasia opposite, sessile or pedunculate, (1–) 3–5 (–many)-flowered, to 130 (–185) mm long (excluding corollas), dichasial peduncles to 5 (to 35 or to 90 at proximal nodes) mm long, viscid. Bracts foliose to subfoliose and often persistent proximally, reduced in size and caducous (usually only scars present) distally, proximalmost pair sessile to subsessile, lanceolate to cordate, similar to leaves except smaller (e.g., 45 × +32 mm +), distal pairs ovate to lanceolate, +10–22 mm +long, 2. +5–9 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like leaves (i.e., trichomes mostly eglandular). Bracteoles and secondary bracteoles usually present on young inflorescences but becoming deciduous as inflorescence matures, linear to lanceolate, 3. +5–13 mm +long, 1–3. +4 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like bracts or viscid. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels to +105 mm +long, viscid with trichomes mostly glandular. Calyx 22–35 (– +40 in +fruit) mm long, lobes fused at base for +1–3 mm +, heteromorphic, membranaceous, abaxially viscid where exposed in bud, posterior lobe conduplicate, ovate, +21–37 mm +long, equaling to longer than lateral lobes, +8–15 mm +wide, acuminate to subfalcate at apex, lateral lobes lunate, 17–33 (–37) mm long, 6–10. +5 mm +wide, acute to subacuminate at apex. Corolla cream to green-yellow with maroon veins to pale maroon, +41–57 mm +long, externally viscid or pubescent (sometimes sparsely so) with erect to flexuose glandular trichomes 0.05– +0.3 mm +long, tube +25–34 mm +long, narrow proximal portion +8–14 mm +long, 5. +7–9 mm +in diameter near midpoint, throat +15–24 mm +long, +25–38 mm +in diameter at mouth, lobes recoiled, broadly ovate to subtriangular, +16–20 mm +long, +13–15 mm +wide, acute or emarginate at apex. Stamens 2, +65–85 mm +long, filaments glabrous distally, pubescent proximally with eglandular trichomes, thecae +10–15 mm +long; staminodes 2, +0.5 mm +long. Style +76–85 mm +long, glabrous (or with a few glandular trichomes near base), stigma subequally to unequally 2-lobed and often ± funnelform, lobes broadly elliptic to obovate to 3-pronged, 1–2. +2 mm +long, 0.7– +2.1 mm +wide. Capsule +21–31 mm +long, +5–8 mm +in diameter, pubescent with erect glandular trichomes 0.1– +0.8 mm +long, stipe 1.5– +2.5 mm +long. Seeds 12–16 per capsule, 4.5– +5.5 mm +long, +4–5 mm +wide, surfaces minutely papillose in longitudinal rows. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: November–June; fruiting: December–June. +Brewer et al. 5748 +notes corollas opening at night, just after dark. +Davidse & Brant 32089 +and +Gregory 612 +note corollas opening at dusk or in the evening and withering by sunrise. +Daniel (2010) +noted floral color forms with different flowering times (see below). Fredy Archila (in litt. +January 2012 +) observed both bats and moths visiting flowers of + +L. donnell-smithii + +in and around Cobán, +Guatemala +over a period of years. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITAT + +.— Southern Mexico (Chiapas), +Belize +, +Guatemala +, +Honduras +( +Fig. 10 +); plants occur, usually on limestone (often karstic), on slopes and along streams in lowland moist to wet forests, mesophytic montane forests, montane rain forests, and cloud forests at elevations from 1 to 1600 (to 2100) meters. + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + +.— +Figures 13 +, +4C, D +; +Lindau (1895:294 +, fig. 118); +Gibson (1974:407 +, fig. 90). + + + +LOCAL +NAMES + +.— “Carreton” ( +Lentz et al. 2428 +), “matacucuyuchi” ( +Miranda 7163 +); “oxox če” ( +Williams & Wilson 40437 +and +Wilson 40943 +, Quecchí name); “palpalte” ( +Ochoa 80 +); “tabaco silvestre” ( +Contreras 5510 +); “vejiga” ( +Standley 91236 +); “ulul k’uum” ( +Ventur 177 +). + + + +USES + +.— +Williams & Wilson 40437 +notes that the young growth is eaten; +Ochoa 80 +indicates that “esta planta es comida por el jabali.” + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— + +Louteridium donnell-smithii + + +is the most commonly collected species of the genus, and it is also infrequently cultivated in botanical gardens. +Its +EOO +( +32,499 km +2 +) + + +encompasses all or parts of at least 40 protected areas ( +10 in +Belize +, +19 in +Guatemala +, +9 in +Honduras +, two in +Mexico +). +Collections +of the species have been made in 13 of these areas. +The +species has been abundantly collected in most portions of its +EOO + +, + +and in some regions it was sometimes noted on collection labels or observed ( +TFD +) to be common. +Fredy Archila of Cobán +, +Guatemala +indicates (in litt. + +Jan 2012 + +) that in the vicinity of +Cobán +there were hundreds of trees of + +L. donnell-smithii + +in the 1980s. Although most of these are no longer extant, some still remain as street trees in that city. Based on these data, this species is accorded a preliminary conservation assessment of Least Concern ( +LC +) + +. + + + + +FIGURE +13. + +Louteridium donnell-smithii + +. Plate 7 from +Botanical Gazette +, vol. 14 (1889), drawn by C.E. Faxon. From the legend on page 29 of Donnell-Smith’s article, “Undescribed plants from Guatemala. V:” “Fig. 1. Cyme and leaf. Fig. 2. Flower with calyx removed and corolla laid open. Fig. 3. Vertical section of ovary. Fig. 4. Ovule. Fig. 5. Capsule divided transversely. Fig. 6. Dehiscent capsule. Fig. 7. One valve showing placenta and retinacula. Fig. 8. Seed divided transversely. Fig. 9 Embryo. Fig. 10. Diagram of flower.” + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— In the protologue, +Watson (1888) +provided the collection information cited above. The +holotype +has been cited by various authors (e.g., +Richardson 1972 +; +Daniel 1995 +) as being at +US +. Indeed, a specimen there (accession: 1320518 with image number: 00136468) was annotated by D. Gibson and T. Daniel as the +holotype +. This somewhat fragmentary specimen, originally in H. Rusby’s herbarium, bears von Türckheim’s number 856 (as indicated in the protologue), but notes a collection date of +February 1886 +. The date of collection of the specimen from Pansamalá indicated in the protologue is +May 1887 +. The specimen at GH, where Watson conduct- ed his studies, bears the date noted in the protologue and an annotation written by Watson stating, “ +Louteridium Donnell-Smithii +, Watson-n. gen.” Therefore the specimen at GH indicated above conforms to the information in the protologue. The earlier annotations by Gibson and Daniel of the specimen at +US +are considered to be erroneous, and the specimen at GH noted above is treated as the +holotype +. This flowering and fruiting specimen lacks leaves, which are described in the protologue. However, drawings of the leaves are on another sheet at GH bearing the same barcode number. If the drawings are original material, the +holotype +would be considered as mounted on two sheets, and if they were made subsequently, the sheet with an inflorescence, flowers, and fruits would be considered as the +holotype +. Other collections that bear von Türckheim’s number 856, but with a date of +February 1886 +, are located at the following herbaria: K, NY, P, +PH +, +US +(although one of +three specimens +at +US +has both “1887” and +February 1886 +on it). Whether these represent +isotypes +with an incorrect date (i.e., actually collected in +May 1887 +) or the same collection number was used for gatherings of this species during different visits to Pansamalá on various dates remains unknown. + + +Daniel (2010) +noted variation in the timing of anthesis, color of corollas, and diurnal visitation to dark-colored flowers by hummingbirds in this species. There is a possible correlation with cream to green-yellow corollas at lower elevations and chestnut to maroon corollas at higher elevations. Based on specimens of + +L. donnell-smithii + +at F, which are mostly from +Guatemala +, plants with cream to green-yellow corollas occur from +75 to 630 m +, whereas those with chestnut to maroon corollas occur at +1000 to 2100 m +. +Figures 4C and D +show these extremes of corolla coloration in +Guatemala +. Other flowers show various degrees of maroon coloration on cream-yellowish corollas. Based on a larger sample of herbarium specimens that include data on corolla color and elevation, it would appear that both the cream to green-yellow and chestnut to maroon color forms occur in Chiapas, +Belize +, and +Guatemala +, but that there is no clear difference in elevational ranges of these forms in Chiapas and +Belize +. However, it is somewhat difficult to correlate corolla color and elevation from herbarium specimens because of variation in the terminology of colors used by collectors. Additional studies that address the different (or at least partially so) flowering times of the different color forms and their primary pollinators, as well as any correlation of floral color with elevation, are desirable. + + +The inflorescence of + +L. donnell-smithii + +is commonly a somewhat contracted thyrse at the proximal nodes (with dichasial peduncles usually to +5 mm +long) and a raceme (with sessile dichasia) distally. Several collections (e.g., +Armour & Chable 6047 +, +Hawkins 981 +, +Vargas et al. 1183 +) have exceptionally elongate peduncles (to +90 mm +long) with expanded dichasia (e.g., secondary peduncles to +55 mm +long). These latter dichasia are usually only at the proximal 1 to 3 nodes. + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED + +.— + +MEXICO +. + +Chiapas + +: +Las Nubes +, + +F + + +. + + +Billiet +8889 + +( +BR +); +Mpio. Ocosingo +, +W + + +end of +Laguna Ocotal Grande +, [ca. +16°50’26.15”N +, +091°28’5.95”W +], + +D. Breedlove +15709 + +( +DS +, +F +, +LL +, +MICH +, +NY +, +US +); +Mpio. Las Margaritas +, western side of +Laguna Miramar + +E +of San Quintín + +, [ca. +16°24’24.45”N +, +091°18’6.60”W +], + +D. Breedlove +33282 + +( +DS +, +ENCB +, +F +, +LL +, +MEXU +, +MICH +); +Mpio. La Independencia +, valley of + + +Santa Elena +along rd. to +Ixcán +, +30 km +E + + +of paved rd. at +Montebello +, [ca. +16°15’57.16”N +, +091°49’20.79”W +], + +D. Breedlove +41991 + +( +DS +, +MO +); +Mpio. La Trinitaria +, + +10 km +ENE of Dos Lagos + +above + +Sta. Elena, +D + +. +Breedlove +49721 ( +CAS +, +ENCB +), + +D. +Breedlove +& +F + + +. + + +Almeda +57578 + +( +CAS +, +ENCB +, +NY +); + +Mpio. +Ocosingo + +, near lake at +Naja +, [ca. +16°59’4.48”N +, +091°35’11.70”W +], + +D. Breedlove +49962 + +( +CAS +, +MEXU +); Mpio. +Ocosingo +, + +70 km +SW of Palenque + +on rd. to +Ocosingo +along the Jol Uk’um, [ca. +17°10’33.18”N +, +092°06’54.71”W +], + +D. Breedlove +50875 + +( +CAS +, +ENCB +), + +D. Breedlove +& +F + + +. + + +Almeda +48259 + +( +CAS +); +Mpio. La Trinitaria +, +KM 21–23 + +along road from Lago Tzizcao toward + +Santa Elena +, [ca. +16°06’20.94”N +, +091°34’48.32”W +], + +D. +Breedlove +& +M + + +. + + +Bourell +68070 + +( +BR +, +CAS +, +MEXU +, +US +), + +D. Breedlove +& +T + + +. + + +Daniel +71197 + +( +CAS +); Mpio. +Ocosingo +, + +1 km +S +de Naja + +, camino a +Monte Líbano +, [ca. +16°58’25.71”N +, +091°35’15.33”W +], + +E + + +. + + +Martínez +17416 + +( +MEXU +, +MO +); Mpio. +Ocosingo +, +Naha +, + +15 km +N +de Monte Líbano + +, camino a +Chancala +, + +E + + + +. + +Martínez +S + +. + + +18025 +( +MEXU +); +Mpio. Ocosingo +, +Cañón +del +Colorado +, + +E + + + +. + +Martinez +S +. & +C + +. + + + +Ramos +26235 + +( +K +, +MEXU +, +XAL +); +Mpio. Las Margaritas +, + +1 km +S +de Flor del Río + +, + +E + + + +. + +Martínez +S + +. + + +et al. 24768 +( +B +); +Mpio. La Trinitaria +, +KM 18 + +, + +Col. Cuauhtémoc +, [ +16°05’16.55”N +, +092°02’57.11”W +], + +A + + +. + + +Méndez +G +. [= +A +. Ton] 8026 + +( +MEXU +); +Mpio. Trinitaria +, +Col. Cuauhtémoc +, +KM 20 + + +a +Montaña +Alta +, + +A + + +. + + +Méndez +G +. [= +A +. +Ton +] 8893 + +( +IEB +, +MEXU +, +MO +, +RSA +, +XAL +); +Monte Líbano +, + +60 km +E +de Ocosingo + +, [ca. +16°54’7.71”N +, +091°37’10.27”W +], + +F + + +. + + +Miranda +7163 + +( +MEXU +); +Mpio. Las Margaritas +[= Mpio. Palenque?], NW del ejido +José Castillo +T + +., + +[ca. +17°24’59.51”N +, +091°50’10.35”W +], + +M + + +. + + +Ochoa +80 + +( +MEXU +); +Mpio. La Independencia +, +Col. Fco. Madero +, ca. de la carretera, [ca. +16°17’23.49”N +, +091°54’38.13”W +], + +T + + +. + + +Ramamoorthy +et al. 1930 + +( +CAS +, +MEXU +); near jct. of +Río Perlas +and +Río Jataté +at +San Quintín +and near +Laguna Miramar +, [ca. +16°23’27.68”N +, +091°20’21.96”W +], + +E + + +. + + +Sohns +1684 + +( +MICH +, +NY +, +UC +, +US +); +Km. +36– 38 al +E + + +Tziscao +o a +7–9 km +al + +E +de Amparo Agua Tinta + +, sobre el camino +Montebello +a +Bonampak +, [ca. +16°07’19.90”N +, +091°26’36.06”W +], + +O + + + +. + +Téllez +& +J + +. + + + +Villaseñor +6642 + +( +CAS +, +ENCB +, +MEXU +); Mpio. +Ocosingo +, + +3 km +W +de Plan de Ayutla + +, [ca. +16°47’59.90”N +, +091°18’58.16”W +], + +F + + + +. + +Vázquez +B +. & +S + +. + +Avandano +R + +. + + +1650 +( +ENCB +, +MEXU +, +XAL +); +Mpio. La Trinitaria +, ca. +56 km +E +of +La Trinitaria +, + +9.4 km +E +of Lago Tziscao + +, +16°06’N +, +091°35’W +, + +T + + +. + + +Wendt +et al. 2409 + +( +CAS +, +MEXU +, +MO +, +TEX +) + +. + +BELIZE +. + +Cayo + +: +Maya Mts. +, +central Bladen Nature Reserve +, +16°29’41”N +, +088°54’43”W +, + +S + + +. + +Brew- er et al. 5748 +( +MO +); +2.5 mi +past +Guacamallo Bridge +, road to +Millionario +[ +16°50’05”N +089°02’12”W +], + +J + + + +. + +Dwyer +& +R + +. + + + +Liesner +12313 + +( +BM +, +DUKE +, +MEXU +, +MO +, +NY +); +S +of +San Luis +and + +E +of Camp Six + +[ +16°54’35”N +089°00’22”W +], + +J + + +. + + +Dwyer +et al. 360 + +( +MEXU +, +MO +); vicinity of +Grano de Oro +lumber camp, + +6 mi +S +of Millionario + +[ +16°40’22”N +089°01’35”W +], + +A + + +. + + +Gentry +7791 + +( +MO +); +Central Maya Mts. +, Macal river, vicinity of +Guacamollo Bridge +, +16°55’N +, +088°55’W +, + +R + + +. + + +Glaholt +11 + +( +MO +); +Las Cuevas Research Station +to +Monkey Tail River +, +16°44’N +, +088°59’W +, + +D. Harris +7888 + +( +BM +, +MO +); between +San Antonio +and + + +Santa Helena +, +17°06.290’N +, +089°03.457’W +, + +D. Lentz +et al. 2428 + +( +NY +); +Ceibo Chico +, drill site, +16°31’21”N +, +089°07’04”W +, + +M + + +. + + +Peña +et al. 947 + +( +MO +); +Grano de Oro Camp +, + +M + + +. + + +Peña-Chocarro +et al. 1435 + +( +BM +, +MO +); +Chiquibul Forest Reserve +, + +2.2 mi +SE of Holtec Camp + +, + +G + + +. + + +Proctor +30106 + +( +BM +, +LL +); + +3 km +S +de New Maria + +camp, + +T + + +. + + +Ramamoorthy +et al. 2965 + +( +MEXU +); +between Las Cuevas and Río Ceibo Chico +, +16°43’02”N +, +088°59’02”W +, + +R + + +. + + +Rees +et al. 2 + +( +BM +, +MEXU +, +MO +); +Puente Natural +, + +C + + +. + + +Whitefoord +9125 + +( +BM +, +MO +); +Chiquibul Forest Reserve +, +Natural Arch +, + +C + + +. + + +Whitefoord +10044 + +( +BM +, +US +); +Chiquibul Forest Reserve +, +Monkey Tail Branch +, + +C + + +. + + +Whitefoord +10051 + +( +BM +); +Chiquibul Forest Reserve +, road from Caracol junction to +New Maria +Camp, + +C + + +. + + +Whitefoord +10136 + +( +BM +, +US +) + +. + + +Toledo + +: river trail from +Blue Creek village +to +Blue Creek’s +source (ca. +1 km +N +of village), ca. + +26 km +NW of Punta Gorda + +, [ca. +16°12’13.03”N +, +089°02’49.12”W +], + +T + + +. + + +Daniel +& +M + +. + + + +Butterwick +5891 + +( +CAS +); +Maya Mts. +foothills, +Solomon Camp +, vicinity of jct. +Richardson Creek +and +Bladen Branch +, 16°32–33’ +N + +, 088°45–46’W, + +G. + +Davidse +& +A + +. + + + +Brant +32089 + +( +CAS +, +MEXU +, +MO +, +US +), +Maya Mts. +, canyon along +Bladen Branch +, from +Richardson Creek +to +Quebrada de Oro +, 16°31–33’ +N + +, 088°46–49’W, + +G. + +Davidse +& +A + +. + + + +Brant +32300 + +( +CAS +, +MO +); +southern Maya Mts. +, +Bladen Nature Reserve +, +upper Bladen Branch +, +16°29’31”N +, +088°54’37”W +, + +G + + + +. + +Davidse +& +M + +. + + + +Meadows +35742 + +( +CAS +, +MO +); southern Maya Mts., +Bladen Nature Reserve +, just + +S +of Upper Bladen Branch + +and +1.3 km +(air) SE of “ +AC +Camp,” +16°28’17”N +, +088°55’04”W +, + +G + + +. + + +Davidse +et al. 35881 + +( +MO +); +Mira-Mar Hill +, +Edwards Road +beyond +Columbia +[ca. +16°19’06”N +089°06’57”W +], + +P + + +. + + +Gentle +6355 + +( +F +, +K +, +LL +, +MO +, +UC +, +US +); +Camp +1, + +3–4 km +SE of Union Camp + +, +16°22’58”N +, +089°07’10”W +, + +T + + +. + + +Hawkins +1387 + +( +CAS +); +NE + + +side of +Blue Creek +, upstream from village of +Blue Creek +, +16°14’N +, +089°00’W +, + +S + + +. + + +Hill +20270 + +( +MO +, +NLU +, +NY +, +US +); SW +Maya Mts. +, +Columbia River Forest Reserve +, +Union Camp +, +16°23’N +, +089°09’W +, + +B + + +. + + +Holst +4045 + +( +CAS +, +MO +, +MEXU +); without locale, + +Peck +780 + +( +K +, +GH +, +NY +); +Columbia Forest Reserve +, vicinity of forest camp, ca. + +6 mi +S +of Cabro + +, in +upper Rio Grande +drainage area [ca. +16°19’N +089°03’W +], + +G + + +. + + +Proctor +36148 + +( +MO +); +Fern Hill +[ca. +5 miles +from Punta Gorda fide +Lowden 1970:850 +], + +W + + +. + + +Schipp +1110 + +( +BM +, +F +, +G +, +K +, +MICH +, +MO +, +NY +, +UC +) + +. + + + +GUATEMALA +. + +Alta Verapaz + +: antes +de Campur +, carretera a +Cahabón +, [ca. +15°35’19.06”N +, +090° 02’46.43”W +], + +J + + +. + + +Castillo Mont +1197 + +( +NY +); near Finca +Sepacuite +, + +O + + + +. + +Cook +& +R + +. + + + +Griggs +205 + +( +US +); planted along street in +Cobán +, +15°28.517’N +, +090°22.349’W +, + +1230 m + +, + +T + + +. + + +Daniel +et al. 11335 + +( +CAS +, +COLO +, +NY +); +Sierra de Chamá +, along hwy. from +Cobán +to +Chisec +, +N +of +Cobán +, off of hwy. ca. + +1.5 km +N +of Río Sachichá + +along rural road, +15°36.019’N +, +090°23.333’W +, + +T + + + +. + +Daniel +& +M + +. + + + +Véliz +11337 + +( +BIGU +, +CAS +, +MO +, +US +); +Sierra de Chamá +, ca. +2 km +above +Aldea Sehubub +(= +7 km +from +Chiquixji +; = + +35 km +NE +of Cobán + +), +15°35.928’N +, +090°17.559’W +to +15°36.842’N +, +090°17.955’W +, + +T + + +. + + +Daniel +et al. 11356 + +( +BR +, +CAS +, +F +, +K +, +MO +, +NY +); +Chucaneb +, + +J + + +. + + +Donnell-Smith +1620 + +( +US +); +Pansamalá +, + +J + + +. + + +Donnell-Smith +1621 + +( +G +, +K +, +US +); +Sepacuite +, + +G + + +. + + +Goll +155 + +( +US +); +Sebol +, [ca. +15°47’7.25”N +, +089°56’14.34”W +], + +C + + +. + + +Lundell +18310 + +( +CAS +, +F +, +K +, +LL +, +MO +, +PH, US +); road to +Finca Trece Aguas +, ca. +1.1 mi +N + + +of church in +Senahú +, [ca. +15°25’01.41”N +, +089°49’14.17”W +], + +J + + + +. + +Luteyn +& +F + +. + + + +Almeda +3516 + +( +DUKE +, +F +); trail +between Sepacuité and Secanquim +, [ca. +15°26’41.71”N +, +089°44’45.44”W +], + +W + + + +. + +Maxon +& +R + +. + + + +Hay +3282 + +( +K +, +NY +, +US +); near +Senahú +, + +W + + + +. + +Maxon +& +R + +. + + + +Hay +3296 + +( +NY +, +US +); + +NO +de Tactic + +, +6 km +a +Estor +, + +A + + + +. +Molina +R. & A.R. + + + +Molina +12303 + +( +F +); between +Sepacuité +and +Secanquim +, + +H + + +. + + +Pittier +320 + +( +NY +, +US +); +Tactic +, [ca. +15°19’44.02”N +, +090°21’6.69”W +], + +P + + +. + + +Standley +71094 + +( +F +); + +E +of Tactic + +on road to +Tamahú +, [ca. +15°18’47.45”N +, +090°18’26.68”W +], + +P + + +. + + +Standley +71249 + +( +F +), +71342 +( +F +); along +Río Frio +, + +S +of Santa Cruz + +, + +P + + +. + + +Standley +90192 + +( +F +); between +Tatic +and divide, on road to +Tamahú +, + +P + + +. + + +Standley +90593 + +( +F +, +US +); vicinity of +Cobán +, [ca. +15°27’53.66”N +, +090°21’2.74”W +], + +P + + +. + + +Standley +91236 + +( +F +); +between Cobán and Chimoté +, near +Rubeltein +, + +J + + +. + + +Steyermark +44171 + +( +US +); +Pansamalá +, + +H + + +. + + +von Tuerckheim +856 + +( +NY +, +US +); +Cobán +, + +H + + +. + + +von Tuerckheim + +II-2033 + + +( +NY +, +US +); +Cubilquitz +, [ca. +15°39’56.02”N +, +090°25’38.84”W +], + +H + + +. + + +von Tuerckheim +7936 + +( +K +, +MO +, +NY +, +US +); +Senahu +, +Finca Aguas +, [ca. +15°24’53.59”N +, +089°48’39.16”W +], + +M + + +. + + +Véliz +95.4359 + +( +BIGU +, +MEXU +, +MO +); near +San +Juan Chamelco, ca. +15°26’N +, +090°16’W +, + +L + + + +. + +Williams +& +M + +. + + + +Wilson +40437 + +( +F +, +MEXU +); near “La Presa” ca. + +6–8 km +SE of Cobán + +, [ca. +15°28’N +, +090°19’W +], + +L + + +. + + +Williams +et al. 40323 + +( +F +); + +1–8 km +NW of Cobán + +, [ca. +15°28’53.47”N +, +090°22’55.17”W +], + +L + + +. + + +Williams +et al. 42031 + +( +BM +, +F +, +MO +, +NY +); vicinity of +San +Juan Chamelco, + +L + + +. + + +Williams +et al. 43189 + +( +F +, +US +); +Finca Tres Aguas +, + +C + + +. + + +Wilson +180 + +( +F +); vicinity of +San +Juan Chamelco, [ca. +15°25’52.07”N +, +090°20’10.64”W +], + +M + + +. + + +Wilson +40943 + +( +F +). + +Baja Verapaz + +: bei +Parula +[Purulhá], [ca. +15°13’52.37”N +, +090°13’27.20”W +], + +F + + +. + + +Lehmann +1430 + +( +BM +); along +Río Frio +near +San +Julían [possibly in +Alta Verapaz +], + +L + + +. + + +Williams +et al. 43563 + +( +F +, +MICH +). + +El Progresso + +: near +Finca Caieta +, [ca. +14°59’00.03”N +, +089°53’59.98”W +], + +J + + +. + + +Steyermark +43768 + +( +F +, +MICH +, +US +). + +Huehuetenango + +: +Barillas +, +Aldea +San +José Maxbal, trail to +Laguna Maxbal +, +15°58’N +, +091°18’W +, + +M + + +. + + +Christenhusz +et al. 5488 + +( +MO +); +San +José Nueva Frontera– +Yolnajab +, camino hacia +Laguna Yolnajab +, +Nenton +, +16°03’30”N +, +091°32’47”W +, + +J + + + +. + +Morales +& +M + +. + + + +García +4377 + +( +MO +); +Cerro Chiblac +, between +Finca San Rafael +and +Ixcán +, +Sierra +de los +Cuchumatanes +[ca. +15°46’25”N +, +091°13’58”W +], + +J + + +. + + +Steyermark +49180 + +( +F +, +US +). + +Izabal + +: + +25 km +SSW of Puerto Barrios + +, [ca. +15°34’21.26”N +, +088°37’0.05”W +], + +D. Gregory +612 + +( +CAS +, +F +, +US +); +Modesto Méndez +, [ca. +15°53’29.49”N +, +089°13’46.15”W +], + +W + + + +. + +Harmon +& +J + +. + + + +Fuentes +2089 + +( +MO +); +Biotopo Chocón Machacas +, +Livingston +, +15°45’56”N +, +088°55’55”W +, + +J + + +. + + +Morales +1959 + +( +MO +); +Río Dulce +, + +2–4 mi +W +of Livingston + +, [ca, +15°48’12.69”N +, +088°46’37.09”W +], + +J + + +. + + +Steyermark +39562 + +( +F +); +Chocón River +, + +S + + +. + + +Watson +292 + +( +US +). + +Petén + +: +Dolores +, +S + + +of village, [ca. +16°30’51.17”N +, +089°24’56.87”W +], + +E + + +. + + +Contreras +2097 + +( +LL +, +MO +, +US +); + +N +of Lake Macanché + +, foot of +Cerro Rocoso +at +Mancanché +[ca. +16°58’04”N +089°38’20”W +], + +E + + +. + + +Contreras +5510 + +( +BM +, +F +, +K +, +MO +, +NY +, +WIS +, +US +); +La Cumbre +, +W + + +of +KM 145 + +, + +[ca. +16°04’51.97”N +, +089°21’3.37”W +], + +E + + +. + + +Contreras +6646 + +( +F +, +LL +, +MO +, +PH, US +); +Tikal District +, ruins, +Naranjo +, + +O + + + +. + +Cook +& +R + +. + + +Martin 79 +( +US +); along +Río Dulce + +– + +Flores +highway near +KM 327 + +, + +ca. +10 km +NW of +San Pedro Cadenas +, +15°58’08.6”N +, +089°16’42.7”W +, +T + +. + + +Daniel +& +M + +. + + + +Véliz +11255 + +( +BIGU +, +CAS +, +MICH +, +US +); +Strasse +von + + +Flores +zur +Río Dulce-Brücke +, +Strecke +zwischen +Poptún +und +San Luis +, + +12 km +S +von Poptún + +, + +H + + + +. + +Kurz +& +R + +. + + + +Frisch +147 + +( +W +), +148 +( +W +); +Sayab +, +Fallabón–Yaxha +road, [ca. +17°04’01.49”N +, +089°22’56.17”W +], + +C + + +. + + +Lundell +2081 + +( +F +, +MICH +); +Arroyo Dolores +, ca. + +200 m + +de Dolores +, + +R + + +. + + +Ortíz +1569 + +( +F +, +MO +, +NY +, +US +); +San Luis +, [ca. +16°11’37.30”N +, +089°25’48.59”W +], + +P + + +. + + +Ventura +177 + +( +F +). + +Zacapa + +: +Volcán de Monos +, [ca. +15°08’58.95”N +, +089°30’18.66”W +], + +J + + +. + + +Steyermark +42400 + +( +F +, +US +). Department undetermined: eastern portions of +Vera Paz +and +Chiquimula +, + +S + + +. + + +Watson +s.n. + +( +K +) + +. + +HONDURAS +. + +Comayagua + +: +Villa de Taulabé +, +Quebrada la Caliche +, [ca. +14°39’56.69”N +, +087°59’26.20”W +], + +C + + +. + + +Alduvín +101 + +( +MO +); +Siguatepeque +, [ca. +14°36’10.86”N +, +087°47’54.39”W +], + +J + + +. + + +Edwards +P-589 + +( +F +); +Quebrada +el +Caliche +, +SE de la Villa Taulabé +, [ca. +14°41’02.38”N +, +087°57’02.73”W +], + +D. Ruiz +138 + +( +NY +, +TEFH +); near +Taulabé +, + +P + + +. + + +Standley +et al. 7001 + +( +F +); +Pito Solo +, +Lago Yojoa +, [ca. +14°47’39.06”N +, +087°58’38.47”W +], + +J + + + +. + +Valerio +R + +. + + +2940 +( +F +); near +Pito Solo +, + +L + + + +. + +Williams +& +A + +. +Molina +R. + + +12335 +( +F +); along +Lake Yojoa +, near +Pito Solo +, + +L + + + +. + +Williams +& +A + +. +Molina +R. + + +17730 +( +F +). + +Copán + +: Montaña +Los Zapotes +, +W +of +Los Zapotes +, +18 km +N +of +Copán Ruinas +on road to +Agua Caliente +and + +2–3 km +W +of Los Zapotes + +school, [ca. +14°59’13.83”N +, +089°09’04.57”W +], + +T + + +. + + +Hawkins +981 + +( +CAS +, +MO +); +Montaña Espiritu Santo +, +15°05’N +, +088°55’W +, + +T + + +. + + +Hawkins +& +D. Mejía +185 + +( +EAP +, +MO +). + +Cortés + +: entre +Pito Solo +y +Agua Azul +, +Lago Yojoa +, [ca. +14°51’07.26”N +, +087°57’14.09”W +], + +A + + + +. +Molina +R. + + +10619 +( +EAP +, +F +); camino +entre Tapiquilares y Las Crucitas +, +20 km +S +de +San Antonio de Cortés +, al pie de la montaña +La Nieve +, [ca. +14°59’22.86”N +, +088°02’19.81”W +], + +C + + +. + + +Nelson +et al. 8128 + +( +MO +). + +Santa Bárbara + +: eastern slopes of +Cerro Santa Bárbara +, [ca. +14°53’14.92”N +, +088°07’01.01”W +], + +P + + +. + + +Allen +et al. 6047 + +( +CAS +, +EAP +, +F +, +GH +, +US +); +Cerro Sta. Bárbara +, + +R + + + +. + +Armour +& +A + +. + + + +Chable +6047 + +( +BM +, +F +); +Punta Gorda +, +Lago Yojoa +, +14°53’N +, +088°00’W +, + +R + + +. + + +Evans +1001 + +( +CAS +); +Punta Gorda +, +Lago Yojoa +, +14°53’N +, +088°00’W +, + +R + + +. + + +Liesner +26754 + +( +MO +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFD15952FF7FFEEB059A8707.xml b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFD15952FF7FFEEB059A8707.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..246922a6e28 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFD15952FF7FFEEB059A8707.xml @@ -0,0 +1,698 @@ + + + +Louteridium (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Ruellieae: Trichantherinae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Reproductive Biology, and Conservation + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. +Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.; + + + +Author + +Tripp, Erin A. +Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A. E-mail: tdaniel @ calacademy. org, erin. tripp @ colorado. edu + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +2 + + +41 +106 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155705 +0068-547X +13155705 + + + + +9. + + +Louteridium purpusii + +Brandegee, +Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. + + +6:68. 1914 + +. + +TYPE + +.— +MEXICO +. + +Chiapas + +: +Finca Irlanda +[ca. +15°10’24.94”N +, +092°20’10.22”W +], + +VIII-1913 + +(flr, frt), +C. Purpus 6969 +( +holotype +: UC!; +isotypes +: BM!, EAP-image seen, F!, GH!, MO!, NY!, US!, Z-image seen). + + + + +Shrubs or trees to +9 m +tall, terrestrial. Older (woody) stems subquadrate-sulcate, ± scurfy and lenticellate, often puberulent like young stems; younger (herbaceous) stems quadrate to quadrate-sulcate and ± irregularly striate, glabrous or ± evenly puberulent with erect to retrorse to antrorse eglandular trichomes to +0.05 mm +long. Leaves apparently not all seasonally deciduous, ± evenly distributed along young stems, petiolate, petioles to +40 mm +long, blades membranaceous, ovate-elliptic to obovate-elliptic to obovate, +130–380 mm +long, +40–115 mm +wide, 2.1–4.3 × longer than wide, acuminate to acute-apiculate at apex, acute to attenuate at base, adaxial surface glabrous or puberulent like young stems, abaxial surface paler than abaxial surface, glabrous or pubescent with mostly antrorse eglandular trichomes 0.05– +0.1 mm +long along major veins, margin often undulate, entire to sinuate to crenate to crenate-dentate. Inflorescence a terminal pedunculate raceme to racemose thyrse to +63 cm +long (including peduncles and excluding corollas), peduncle to +20 cm +long, glabrous or pubescent like young stems, rachis puberulent with (retrorse to) erect to flexuose to antrorse eglandular trichomes to +0.05 mm +long; dichasia modified by very short expansion between pairs of succeeding flowers with the congested dichasial axis becoming a ± fan-shaped to multi- and tortuously-branched racemelike lateral short-shoot to +15 mm +long, opposite (and alternate?), sessile to subsessile, 3–many-flowered, to +60 mm +long (excluding corollas), dichasial peduncles (if present) to +2 mm +long, pubescent like rachis. Bracts caducous, not seen. Bracteoles and secondary bracteoles caducous, lance-linear to linear-elliptic, +5–13 mm +long, 1–2. +5 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like rachis. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels to +55 mm +long, puberulent with erect to retrorse (to antrorse) eglandular trichomes to +0.05 mm +long. Calyx +22–40 mm +long, lobes distinct or fused at base up to +1 mm +, heteromorphic, membranaceous, abaxially puberulent like pedicels and sometimes with a few sparse stipitate glands up to +0.2 mm +long as well, also inconspicuously glandular-punctate, posterior lobe conduplicate, ovate to elliptic to obovate, +21–38 mm +long, slightly shorter than to slightly longer than lateral lobes, 8. +5–15 mm +wide, acuminate to falcate at apex, lateral lobes sublunate, +22–37 mm +long, +6–9 mm +wide, acute to subfalcate at apex. Corolla cream to yellow-greenish and tinged with maroon, +45–52 mm +long, externally pubescent with stipitate glandular trichomes 0.05– +0.3 mm +long (sometimes with flexuose eglandular trichomes to +0.2 mm +long on or near margins of lobes as well), tube +25–33 mm +long, narrow proximal portion +3–5 mm +long, +7 mm +in diameter near midpoint, throat +22–30 mm +long, +25–35 mm +diameter at mouth, lobes spreading to recurved, triangular to ovate, +12–21 mm +long, +10–13 mm +wide, rounded at apex. Stamens 2, +65–75 mm +long, filaments glabrous distally, pubescent proximally with eglandular trichomes, thecae +10–12 mm +long; staminodes (if present) not seen. Style +85–92 mm +long, glabrous distally (not seen proximally), stigma equally 2-lobed, lobes elliptic, 1.4– +2 mm +long, width not determined. Capsule +22–30 mm +long, 5–7. +5 mm +in diameter, densely pubescent with stipitate glandular trichomes (0.05–) 0.1– +0.4 mm +long, stipe 3– +3.5 mm +long. Seeds up to 12 per capsule, 4.5– +5.2 mm +long, 4.5– +5 mm +wide, surfaces smooth. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering and fruiting: August–March. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITAT + +.— Southern Mexico (Chiapas), +Guatemala +( +Fig. 10 +); plants occur in wooded ravines in montane rain forests on the Pacific versant at elevations from +600 to 2000 m +. + + + +ILLUSTRATION + +.— + +Figure +4F. + + + + +LOCAL +NAME + +.— “palo de agua,” ( + +Quarles +van Ufford +137 + +). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— + +Louteridium purpusii + +has an EOO of +944 km +2 +. Two prominent threats are evident throughout most or all of its known distribution, coffee agriculture and volcanic eruptions. Numerous active volcanos lie within and adjacent to the entire EOO of this species. Most of the occurrences of the species are within the prime growing elevations (i.e., +900 to 1800 m +) for + +Coffea arabica + +L., and within two important coffee-growing regions (the Soconusco region of +Chiapas +, +Mexico +and the departments of +San Marcos +and +Quetzaltenango +in +Guatemala +). +Mexico +and +Guatemala +are two of the top 10 coffee-producing countries in the world ( +Anonymous 2003 +, 2018). Increasing demand for coffee worldwide (e.g., +Lorenzetti 2016 +) has or could result in increased conversion of natural vegetation in the EOO of this species to agriculture. Thus, coffee production would appear to be the more immediate threat to + +L. purpusii + +. However, based on either threat, there would appear to be a single location for the species. A preliminary conservation assessment of Endangered (EN; B1, a, b; +IUCN 2017 +) is proposed for this species. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— This species resembles some plants of + +L. mexicanum + +(see discussion under that species), but differs by its more obovate leaves and pubescence. Additional morphological tendencies that distinguish these species include the more racemose (vs. thyrsoid) inflorescences of + +L. purpusii + +(with dichasial peduncle lengths of 0 to 2 (vs. 1 to 22) mm; the caducous bracteoles (vs. usually persistent in + +L. mexicanum + +); and the generally longer styles (85 to 92 vs. +72 to 85 mm +long), capsules (22 to 30 vs. +16 to 24 mm +long), and capsular stipes (3 to 3.5 vs. +1 to 2 mm +long). The distributional ranges of these two species are not known to overlap and are restricted to different versants of +Mexico +and +Guatemala +. + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED + +.— + +MEXICO +. + +Chiapas + +: +Mpio. Unión Juárez +, +17 km +E +of +Cacahoatán +[ca. +15°1’56.19”N +, +092°5’27.65”W +], + +D. +Breedlove +& +A + + +. + + +Smith +31613 + +( +DS +, +MEXU +, +MO +); +Finca Nubes +[ca. +15°03’43.30”N +, +092°08’39.20”W +], + +F + + +. + + +Miranda +1723 + +( +LL +, +US +); from [Finca San Antonio] +Chicharras +, + +E + + +. + + +Nelson +3749 + +( +US +); +Finca San Antonio +[Chicharras; ca. +15°7’26.12”N +, +092°14’45.30”W +], + +L + + +. + + +Quarles +van Ufford +137 + +( +U +) + +. + +GUATEMALA +. + +Quezaltenango + +: +Sta. María Ikibál +[not located, possibly Santa María de Jesús], + +C + + + +. + +Bernoulli +& +O + +. + + + +Cario +2254 + +( +K +); lower +S + + +slope of +Volcán Santa María +, +0.3 mi +W + + +of jct. +Finca Pirineos +road with hwy. 95 at +KM 97 + + +[ca. +14°41’5.41”N +, +091°32’50.04”W +], + +C + + +. + + +Broome +728 + +( +CAS +, +DUKE +, +F +, +MICH +, +US +); de la represa +de Santa María +al +Volcán Pecul +[ca. +14°43’26.73”N +, +091°30’42.09”W +], + +Equipo +CECON 1063 + +( +MO +); +San José Buena Vista +, +Costa Cuca +, [ca. +14°41’53.74”N +, +091°46’35.82”W +], + +L + + +. + + +Rodríguez +444 + +( +P +); +Palmar +, [ca. +14°39’12.22”N +, +091°35’25.38”W +], + +A + + +. + + +Skutch +1451 + +( +F +, +US +); +Finca Pireneos +, below +María de Jesús +, [ca. +14°41’38.02”N +, +091°32’30.77”W +], + +P + + +. + + +Standley +68259 + +( +F +, +US +); along old road +between Finca Pirineos and Patzulín +, + +P + + +. + + +Standley +86714 + +( +F +); +86726 +( +F +), +86749 +( +F +), +86750 +( +F +, +US +), +86763 +( +F +); along +Quebrada San Gerónimo +, +Finca Pirineos +, lower S-facing slopes of +Volcán Santa María +, +between Santa María de Jesús and Calahuaché +, + +J + + +. + + +Steyermark +33435 + +( +F +); off +Hwy. +95 at +KM 197 + +, + +old road to +Finca Pirineos +, ca. +0.5 mi +from main hwy., + +D. Stone +3086 + +( +DUKE +); +Colomba +, +Finca San Francisco Pie de la Cuesta +, +14°43’41.05”N +, +091°43’04.45”W +, + +L + + + +. +Velásquez +& W. + + + +López +1792 + +( +CAS +). + +San Marcos + +: +Finca El Porvenir +along +Río Chopal +, S-facing slopes of +Volcán Tajumulco +[ca. +14°57’36.58”N +, +091°56’40.73”W +], +J + +. + + +Steyermark +37501 + +( +F +); +El Tumbador +, finca + + +Nueva Granada +, +14°51’19.9”N +, +091°53’05.9”W +, + +L + + + +. +Velásquez +et al. 658 + +(BIGU, CAS). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF65949FF7FFAB604C982F9.xml b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF65949FF7FFAB604C982F9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e2dd4b07e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF65949FF7FFAB604C982F9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ + + + +Louteridium (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Ruellieae: Trichantherinae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Reproductive Biology, and Conservation + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. +Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.; + + + +Author + +Tripp, Erin A. +Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A. E-mail: tdaniel @ calacademy. org, erin. tripp @ colorado. edu + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +2 + + +41 +106 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155705 +0068-547X +13155705 + + + + +2. + + +Louteridium chartaceum + +Leonard, +Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. + + +461:197. 1936 + +. + +TYPE + +.— +BELIZE +. + +Belize + +: +Gracie Rock +, +Sibun River +[ca. +17°23’13.67”N +, +088°27’1.91”W +], + +24-III-1935 + +(flr, frt), +P. Gentle 1526 +( +holotype +: US-1589669!; +isotypes +: A-image seen, ARIZ!, K!, LL!, MICH!, MO!, NY!, US-1589668!, WIS-image seen). + + + + +Shrubs to trees to +3.5 m +tall, often epipetric. Older (woody) stems irregularly striate, ± lenticellate, lacking trichomes; younger (herbaceous) stems subterete to subquadrate, glabrous. Leaves seasonally deciduous, ± clustered just proximal to inflorescence, petiolate (or distal leaves subsessile), petioles to +70 mm +long, blades subsucculent, ovate to elliptic (to obovate-elliptic), +70–285 mm +long, +30–95 mm +wide, 1.7–3.7 × longer than wide, acuminate to subfalcate at apex, rounded to acute (distal leaves) to attenuate (proximal leaves) at base, surfaces glabrous, margin entire and sometimes with inconspicuous marginal swellings/encrustations. Inflorescence a terminal (raceme to) racemose thyrse to thyrse to +580 mm +long (including peduncle and excluding corollas), peduncle to +240 mm +long, glabrous, rachis glabrous; dichasia expanded or sometimes modified by very short expansion between pairs of succeeding flowers with the congested dichasial axis becoming a ± linear racemelike lateral short-shoot to +10 mm +long, opposite, sessile to pedunculate, (1–) many-flowered, to +70 mm +long (excluding corollas), dichasial peduncles (if present) to +24 mm +long, glabrous. Bracts caducous, subfoliose, ovate to lanceolate, +18–52 mm +long, 3. +5–18 mm +wide, reduced in size toward apex, abaxially glabrous. Bracteoles caducous, triangular, +2–7 mm +long, 1.5– +2.5 mm +wide, abaxially glabrous. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels +30–43 mm +long, glabrous. Calyx 18–26 (– +29 in +fruit) mm long, lobes fused at base for 1– +1.5 mm +, subheteromorphic, subsucculent, linear to lance-linear, +15–25 mm +long, +3–5 mm +wide, (subrounded) to acute at apex, abaxially glandular-punctate (punctations to +0.1 mm +in diameter, sometimes sparse) but lacking elongate trichomes, posterior lobe subplanar to subconduplicate, +15–23 mm +long, equal to or short- er than lateral lobes, +3–5 mm +wide, lateral lobes +17–25 mm +long, 3. +2–5 mm +wide, all lobes (subrounded to) acute at apex. Corolla light green or greenish yellow with lobes usually becoming slightly maroon-tinged and darker maroon at distal tips with age, +35–40 mm +long, externally glabrous, tube +21–23 mm +long, narrow proximal portion +5–8 mm +long, +6–11 mm +in diameter near midpoint, throat +14–17 mm +long, +19–23 mm +in diameter at mouth, lobes recurved to recoiled, oblong to ovate-elliptic, 12–14. +5 mm +long, 8.5–10. +5 mm +wide, rounded and bifid at apex. Stamens 4, +55–77 mm +long, distally glabrous, pubescent near base with eglandular trichomes, thecae yellowish green, 6.5–9. +5 mm +long; staminode 1, ± triangular, 0.1– +1.5 mm +long. Style +60–67 mm +long, glabrous, stigma unequally 2-lobed and ± obliquely funnelform, 1.5– +2 mm +long, lobes ± elliptic, 1– +1.5 mm +long, 0.6– +1 mm +wide. Capsule (20–) +23–26 mm +long, +4–6 mm +in diameter, glabrous, stipe 1.5– +2 mm +long. Seeds up to 16 per capsule, 4– +4.5 mm +long, +3–4 mm +wide, surfaces with subconic to low rounded protrusions or becoming smooth. + + + +FIGURE +12 (right). + +Louteridium chartaceum + +( +Brewer 7176 +). A. Flower. B. Habit of young plant showing clusters of leaves. C. Trunk of mature plant growing on rocky slope. D. Portion of mature leaf showing red to pink veins and marginal swellings/encrustations. E. Older stem showing swelling above nodes, raised lenticels, and leaf scars. F. Inflorescence with lateral short shoots, persistent calyces on old flowers, and a nearly mature floral bud. Photos by S. Brewer (to whom copyrights are reserved), used with permission. + + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: January–March; fruiting: February–March, June. In the two populations of this species observed for ca. one hour each, floral buds were present on the plants at both sites during daylight hours (morning for +Daniel 8294 +and afternoon for +Daniel & Butterwick 5905 +), and mature fallen flowers were present on the ground at one site ( +Daniel 8294 +). Likewise, +Brewer et al. 7176 +notes that the corollas fall in the morning. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITAT + +.— + +East-central +Belize +( +Belize +, +Cayo +; +Fig. 10 +); plants occur on steep limestone slopes in evergreen seasonal forests (tropical evergreen seasonal broadleaf lowland forest fide +Meerman +and +Sabido +2001) at elevations from + +10 to 120 m + +. + + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + +.— +Figure 12 +; +Leonard (1936:197 +, fig. 1). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— +Daniel (1997) +noted that the population at the +type +locality had been destroyed by quarrying activities, but that other populations had been located on several of the small, isolated, and steep limestone hills in the southern portion of the coastal plain in +Belize District +. + +Louteridium chartaceum + +has since (i.e., in 2005) been located in +Cayo District +, as well. Plants occur in at least three protected areas, and the species’ EOO ( +189 km +2 +) includes a portion of another one. Ecologist and botanist Steven Brewer (in litt., +14 May 2018 +) indicates that the species “is common though not abundant on ridge-tops and exposed limestone along the north side of the Maya Mountains in +Cayo +and +Belize +districts.” Brewer (in litt., +22 May 2018 +) also notes that in this region, potential threats to all of the limestone forests include land conversion via agriculture (both in and around protected areas), encroachment or settlement in protected areas, and fire (either natural or “escaping” flames from regular burning used to clear nearby agricultural fields or bush). In the same communication, Brewer also observed that, “ + +L. chartaceum + +(though I doubt the same is true for + +L. donnell-smithii + +) is surprisingly resilient from the effects of even very hot fires. Natural light fires are occasional on those limestone hills and so it seems that most species there are tolerant or resilient in the face of light fires.” Scant change in vegetation cover within the EOO is evident from the historical imagery (1969 to 2016) seen via +Google Earth Pro (2018) +. If the three protected areas in which the species occurs are treated either as a single or multiple locations, and the unprotected areas are treated as another location under threat (i.e., conversion of nearby, and partly within the EOO, land to agriculture as an inferred or projected threat), a preliminary conservation assessment of Endangered (EN; B1, a, b) can be proposed for + +L. chartaceum + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— Plants grown in San Francisco from cuttings of + +Louteridium chartaceum + +from the +type +locality ( +Daniel & Butterwick 5905cv +) produced floral buds that attained +35 mm +in length but abscised prior to opening. Both thyrses and racemose thyrses are present on +Brewer et al. 7176 +. Bracteoles of a pair are sometimes fused basally for about +1 mm +, at least along one side. + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED + +.— + +BELIZE +. + +Belize + +: +Runaway Creek Nature Reserve +, + +E +of Coastal Road + +, +17°18’44”N +, +088°27’23”W +, + +S + + +. + + +Brewer +et al. 7176 + +(MO-image seen); along +Coastal Hwy. +near milepost 18, ca. +5 km +W +of +Gales Point +toward +La Democracia +, ca. +17°11’N +, +088°22’W +, + +T + + +. + + +Daniel +8294 + +( +BR +, +CAS +, +MEXU +, +MICH +, +MO +, +US +) + +; + +Gracie Rock Hill +near +Rockville Quarry +between +Western Hwy. +and +Sibun River +, ca. + +30 km +SW of Belize City + +[ca. +17°23’13.67”N +, +088°27’1.91”W +], + +T + + + +. + +Daniel +& +M + +. + + + +Butterwick +5905 + +( +C +, +CAS +, +K +, +MICH +, +MO +, +NY +), cultivated plants of this collection grown from cuttings in +San Francisco +, +California +, +5905cv +( +CAS +); +Gracie Rock +, 1.5– + +4 mi +S +of Mile + +22 on +Western Hwy. +, + +J + + +. + + +Dwyer +10959 + +( +LL +, +MEXU +, +MO +), + +R + + + +. + +Liesner +& +J + +. + + + +Dwyer +1485 + +( +BM +, +DUKE +, +MO +, +NY +, +TEX +). + +Cayo + +: +Manatee Forest Reserve +, +Banks of Indian Creek +, at confluence of +Yaha +and +Indian Creek +, +1 km +W + + +from +Daylight Cave +, +17°12’54.2”N +, +088°33’19.4”W +, + +H + + +. + + +Baden +& D. +Harris +3 + +( +BM +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF75974FF7FFE6C05E985C3.xml b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF75974FF7FFE6C05E985C3.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d1266508ff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/56/15/3F/56153F74FFF75974FF7FFE6C05E985C3.xml @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ + + + +Louteridium (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Ruellieae: Trichantherinae): Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Reproductive Biology, and Conservation + + + +Author + +Daniel, Thomas F. +Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U. S. A.; + + + +Author + +Tripp, Erin A. +Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A. E-mail: tdaniel @ calacademy. org, erin. tripp @ colorado. edu + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +2 + + +41 +106 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155705 +0068-547X +13155705 + + + + +1. + + +Louteridium brevicalyx +A. Richardson, +Tulane Stud. Zoo. Bot. + +17:66. 1972 + +. + +TYPE + +.— + +MEXICO +. + +Michoacán + +: Distr. +Coalcomán +, +Aquila +[ca. +18°35’49.39”N +, +103°30’14.64”W +], + +200 m + +, + +21-III-1941 + +(flr, frt), + +G + + +. + + +Hinton +et al. 15825 + +( +holotype +: +US +!; +isotype +: +NY +!) + +. + + + + +Trees to +8 m +tall, mostly epipetric. Older (woody) stems subquadrate to terete, irregularly fissured, sometimes ± scurfy, often lenticellate, lacking trichomes; younger (herbaceous) stems terete (when fresh), becoming flattened on drying, sparsely lenticellate, irregularly fissured, lacking trichomes. Leaves seasonally deciduous, clustered at shoot apex, petiolate, petioles to +90 mm +long, sometimes tinged with pink or red, blades subsucculent, narrowly ovate to ovate to elliptic, +85–157 mm +long, +31–76 mm +wide, 1.8–2.7 × longer than wide, acute to acuminate at apex, acute to attenuate at base, surfaces glabrous (or rarely with very few scattered flexuose eglandular trichomes mostly on veins on abaxial surface, the trichomes especially evident on immature leaves), midvein sometimes pinkish to reddish purple (especially adaxially), margin entire. Inflorescence a terminal sessile or pedunculate thyrse to +38 cm +long (including peduncle, if present, and excluding corollas), peduncle (if present) pubescent with erect to flexuose glandular trichomes 0.05– +0.7 mm +long (glandular pubescent), rachis glandular pubescent and often with scattered erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes to +0.7 mm +long as well; dichasia opposite or alternate, pedunculate, 1–many-flowered, to +120 mm +long (excluding corollas), dichasial peduncles +15–60 mm +long, pubescent like rachises. Bracts caducous (rarely present), lanceolate to lance-ovate, 6.5–7. +5 mm +long, 2.5– +2.8 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like rachis (except sometimes with more eglandular trichomes). Bracteoles and secondary bracteoles caducous, lance-subulate to linear to ovate-elliptic, +2–7 mm +long, 0.9– +2 mm +wide, abaxially pubescent like rachis or with more eglandular trichomes. Flowers pedicellate, pedicels +25–50 mm +long, glandular pubescent. Calyx +10–16 mm +long, lobes fused at base for 1.5– +3 mm +, subhomomorphic to subheteromorphic, membranaceous, lanceolate to ovate, 7. +5–12 mm +long, +3–7 mm +wide, subequal or with posterior lobe either slightly larger or smaller than lateral lobes, acute at apex, abaxially pubescent with erect to flexuose glandular and eglandular trichomes 0.05– +0.3 mm +long, posterior lobe subplanar to subconduplicate. Corollas greenish, +35–65 mm +long, externally pubescent with erect to flexuose glandular and eglandular trichomes 0.05– +0.3 mm +long, tube +25–30 mm +long, narrow proximal portion +7–12 mm +long, +7–11 mm +in diameter near midpoint, throat +15–25 mm +long, +26–30 mm +in diameter at mouth, lobes spreading to recoiled, ovate to subcircular, +15–24 mm +long, +16–24 mm +wide, rounded and emarginate at apex. Stamens 4, +65–80 mm +long, filaments distally glabrous, pubescent with eglandular trichomes near base, thecae +8–11 mm +long; staminode 0. Style +75–77 mm +long, glabrous distally, pubescent near base with eglandular trichomes, stigma subequally 2-lobed and ± funnelform, lobes elliptic to subspheric, +2–3 mm +long, 1.5– +3 mm +wide. Capsules +32–42 mm +long, 6–9. +5 mm +in diameter, pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular and subsessile to stipitate glandular trichomes less than 0.05– +0.4 mm +long, stipe 2–5. +2 mm +long. Seeds 16–24 per capsule, 5. +5–7 mm +long, 4. +5–6 mm +wide, surfaces smooth. + + + +PHENOLOGY + +.— Flowering: March; fruiting: March. Field observations on +Daniel & Steinmann 11913 +reveal that no flowers were open between 16:00–17:30 on the first day of observations, but several very large floral buds were present. On the following day, all of the large buds were found to be fully open at 08:30, and no visitors were noted over the course of an hour. + + + + + +DISTRIBUTION +AND +HABITAT + +.— West-central +Mexico +( +Michoacán +; +Fig. 8 +); plants occur on exposed limestone, often on steep slopes of arroyos, in tropical subdeciduous forests at elevations from 200 to 590 meters. + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + +.— +Figure 2A–E +; +Richardson (1972:66 +, fig. 2). + + + +CONSERVATION + +.— Except for + +L. rzedowskianum + +, which is known from a single site, + +L. brevicalyx + +has the smallest known EOO ( +0.27 km +2 +) among its congeners. At the site of +Daniel & Steinmann 11913 +, about 100 plants were seen growing, mostly epipetrically, in an area of ca. +5000 m +2 +on exposed limestone slopes in forest. No protected land appears to be within the species EOO. Evident threats to this species appear to be large-scale mining in the vicinity of +Daniel & Steinmann 11913 +(ca. +1.5 km +distant) and deforestation for agriculture (including cattle) that is evident within the small EOO and in adjacent regions. Given the size of the EOO and apparent major threat (i.e., deforestation for agriculture), a single location is evident. A preliminary conservation assessment of Critically Endangered (CR; B1, a, b; +IUCN 2017 +) is proposed for + +L. brevicalyx + +. + + + + + +DISCUSSION + +.— Leaves are absent on the field specimens examined. Information on young stems and leaves provided above is from cultivated plants ( +Daniel & Steinmann 11913cv) +. Leaves of these plants may not have attained the maximum size encountered in natural settings. The inflorescence, which appears before the leaves, arises from the apex of the previous season’s woody growth and bears a stalked (pedunculate) thyrse or a sessile rachis subtended by axillary dichasia (sessile thyrse). A stem forms with the flush of new clustered leaves later in the season. + + +Most calyces have the three lobes that are characteristic of the genus. Five lobes with three prominent lobes and two reduced lobes are evident on +Hinton et al. 15843 +; the reduced lobes are +3 to 6 mm +long and 0.8 to +2 mm +wide. Five-lobed calyces in inflorescences are likely teratological and suggest suppression rather than fusion of lobes for typical plants with three-lobed calyces. + + + +ADDITIONAL +SPECIMENS +EXAMINED +. + +— + +MEXICO +. + +Michoacán + +: +Mpio. Aquila +, +KM 6 +.7 carretera +Aquila–Coalcomán + +, + +18°36’38”N +, +103°28’32”W +, + +P +. +Carillo-Reyes +& +V +. +Steinmann +5484 + +( +CAS +, +RSA +); between +Coalcomán +and +Aquila +, + +5.6 km +NE +of Aquila + + +, + +18°36’32.54”N +, +103°28’31.38”W +, + +T +. +Daniel +& +V +. +Steinmann +11913 + +( +CAS +, +COLO +, +MEXU +, +MO +, +NY +, +US +) + +, cultivat- ed plants of this collection grown from seed in San Francisco, +California +, +11913cv +(CAS); Aquila [ca. + +18°35’49.39”N +, +103°30’14.64”W +], + +G +. +Hinton +et al. 15843 + +( +RSA, US +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/63/40/4B/63404B709776FFB8FFDFFEB5D41AC079.xml b/data/63/40/4B/63404B709776FFB8FFDFFEB5D41AC079.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..49e058a02a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/63/40/4B/63404B709776FFB8FFDFFEB5D41AC079.xml @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ + + + +Redescription of the Holotype of Argulus floridensis Meehean, 1940 + + + +Author + +Poly, William J. + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2018 + +2018-09-28 + + +65 + + +4 + + +133 +138 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155431 +0068-547X +13155431 + + + + + + + +Argulus floridensis +Meehean, 1940 + + + + + +Florida +fishlouse Figures 1–6. + + + + + +MATERIAL +EXAMINED + +.— +Holotype +(unique), adult male, +5.46 mm +total length [ + +Meehean 1940: +5 + +.85 mm], +USNM +77810 [see note], Key West, +Florida +, 1884, collector: A.E. Verrill [= Addison Emery Verrill]. Note: +Meehean (1940 +, p. 467) listed the catalog number as “77810 (old number 60589);” mentioned here in case of relevant information in historical records under the old number. + +DIAGNOSIS + +.— Two respiratory areas with smaller oblong “area” anterior to slightly larger oblong posterior “area;” single postantennal spines very broad; male with 77 support rods in suction cup; 14–19 sclerites per rod in male; mouth tube with at least 19 scales on basal half; basal plate of second maxilla with 3 stout spines, scales covering nearly entire raised pad, one stout, naked seta on posterior margin of pad; accessory spines on thorax large, very broad base on raised pad with many scales, tapering to rounded tips; first 2 pairs of legs lacking flagella; posteroventral surface of coxae of second legs of male expanded into a broadly-rounded lobe that is covered with many small and closely-arranged scales; third legs of male with two pegs issuing from cleft on dorsal side of legs and two fingerlike papillae; small fleshy lobe at posterior of thorax; male abdomen bilobate with testes extending to the level of the anal sinus base; caudal rami long, slen- der, basal in anal sinus. + +DESCRIPTION + +.— Total length +5.46 mm +[ + +Meehean 1940: +5 + +.85 mm]. Carapace shape is “ovate, sinuses shallow, cephalic areas broad...; alae reaching abdomen [ +Meehean 1940 +].” Carapace length [ + +Meehean 1940: +4 + +.88 mm]. Maximum carapace width [ + +Meehean 1940: +4 + +.28 mm]. Pair of compound eyes anteriorly with diameters 250 (left) and 220 (right) µm. Transverse distance between eyes +0.83 mm +(830 µm). Nauplius eye with one anterior and two posterior ocelli. Sclerotized dorsal ridges not forked anterior of eyes. Ventrally, carapace with small, posteriorly-projecting spines along outer margin [due to the deteriorated condition of the carapace alae, additional details cannot be included here]. Respiratory areas consist of two oblong-shaped areas, anterior one slightly smaller than posterior [from +Meehean 1940 +] (Fig. 1). No pigmentation present (but probably lost in preservative and/or due to clearing). Thorax compressed dorsoventrally, 4-segmented, with 2 pairs of posteriorly-projecting spines ventrally. Spines digitate with broad base, anterior pair (accessory spines) larger than posterior pair (postmaxillary spines), both pairs angled mesially. Accessory spines between basal segments of second maxillae; very broad base on a raised pad covered with many scales; spines tapering to round- ed tips ( +Fig. 2 +). Male with ovoid fleshy lobe at posterior of fourth thoracic segment between natatory lobes (Figs. 3A, 4). Thorax with + +FIGURE +1. + +Argulus floridensis + +: + + + +shape of anterior and posterior scales scattered on ventral surface; thoracic segment at base of third respiratory areas (redrawn from leg produced laterally into expanded anterolateral lobe with scales +Meehean 1940 +). with secondary sexual structures (Figs. +FIGURE +3. + +Argulus floridensis + +: A) ventral view of legs 2, 3, and 4 3A, B). (precoxa, coxa, and basis only); exopods, endopods, setae, and sensil- + + + +FIGURE +2. + +Argulus floridensis + +: Second maxilla, raised pad with scales (adjacent on thorax), + +accessory spine, and postmaxillary spine. Scale bar = 200 µm. + +First legs lack secondary modifica- lae omitted. B) dorsal view of leg 3 (precoxa, coxa, and basis only). tions. Second legs, the posterior ventral Scale bar = 500 µm. + +margin of coxae expanded into broadly-rounded lobe with many small, closely-arranged scales. Third legs, dorsal anterior coxae with broadly-rounded hump armed with many scales directed proximally; distal to this hump are two smaller, unarmed protuberances; at anterior distal margin of coxae an anteriorly-directed, fleshy projection (“upright fingerlike papilla” of +Meehean 1940 +) (Fig. 3A). + + +Third legs with two sclerotized pegs in cleft on dorsal side at distal margins of coxae (or fused coxae+bases); pegs with a single, large horn and orifice distally; sclerotized ridge at anterior dorsal of coxa/basis junction; one fleshy papilla extends proximally (mesially) from sclerotized ridge anterior of two pegs and overhanging cleft (“saddle-shaped depression” of +Meehean 1940 +). Posterior to pegs and cleft a triangular-shaped lobe covered with scales (Fig. 3B). Posterior margins of both precoxae+coxae and bases of fourth legs with natatory lobes bearing plumose setae. Anterior of bases a sclerotized ridge lies on basal half, opposed by recurved, finger-like appendage covered with fine scales distally; tiny spines or scales on its tip (Fig. 3A). + + +Abdomen bilobate. Abdomen length +1.72 mm +[ + +Meehean 1940: +1 + +.58 mm]; maximum width +1.44 mm +[ + +Meehean 1940: +1 + +.35 mm]. Anal sinus length +0.72 mm +(720 µm) [ +Meehean 1940 +: +0.98 mm +]. Caudal rami paired, long, slender, near base of anal sinus (could not see the setae clearly, usually there are 5 simple setae at the tip of each). Tips of abdominal lobes narrowly rounded, not pointy. Testes extending to level of anal sinus base ( +Fig. 4 +). Scales absent on ventral surface of abdomen; spines or scales absent along margins of abdominal lobes. + + + +FIGURE +4. + +Argulus floridensis + +: abdomen; fleshy lobe at +FIGURE +5. + +Argulus floridensis + +: first and second antennae. posterior of thorax is shown as a dashed outline at anterior of The fleshy segments of the first antennae were obscured or abdomen. Setae not shown on caudal rami. Scale bar = 500 missing on this structure but are included as dashed outlines. µm. Scale bar = 200 µm. + + +Mouth tube long, slender, with at least 19 scales on basal half. + +First antennae 4-segmented. First segment (basal segment) sclerotized, large with stout posteriorly-projecting posterior spine, narrowly rounded at tip; second segment sclerotized with small recurved spine anteriorly with narrow, blunt tip, posteriorly-projecting medial spine with rounded tip, and large recurved terminal spine; third and fourth fleshy segments missing or obscured on the +holotype +(Fig. 5). Width of first antennae (mean of both antennae, µm) 530–540 (535) in male. Second antennae 5-segmented, fleshy. First two segments larger; remaining three thin, cylindrical; basal segment bears posteriorly-projecting posterior spine with narrowly-rounded tip. Postantennal spines single (as opposed to double in some taxa), very wide at base, tapering to narrowly-rounded tip (Fig. 5). + +First maxillae modified into suction cups in adult. In male, first maxillae inner diameter 680 µm and outer diameter 1,050 µm (n = 1). Number of sclerites per support rod in male 14–19 (n = 25 support rods) [excludes abnormal rods with missing sclerites]. Basal (proximal) sclerite usually subquadrangular, shape variable; distal sclerites imbricate bowls, plates (Fig. 6). Suction cup with 29 sensilla on inside circumference. + +Second maxillae 5-segmented with broad basal plate bearing three stout spines with the mesial spine broader than the other two ( +Fig. 2 +). Basal plate with elevated pad bearing 43 scales and one stout + +FIGURE +6. + +Argulus floridensis + +: + + +Two support rods from suction seta posteriorly. Bi-dentate to multidentate scales on ventral surfaces cup (right first maxilla), Scale bar of segments 2 and 3; segment 4 lacking armature. Distal segment with = 100 µm, +2 sharp claws (1 broken/missing) and one blunt, elongate lobe positioned above claws (did not see a small sensillum at tip of lobe). + + + + +HOST + +.— Unknown. + + + + + +ETYMOLOGY + +.— The specific name, + +floridensis + +, is derived from the state, +Florida +, + +in which the +type +locality is located and has an adjectival suffix, ensis, meaning “of or from +Florida +.” + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/65/1A/87/651A8796FFC5FFDBFFADFB3AFCF1081B.xml b/data/65/1A/87/651A8796FFC5FFDBFFADFB3AFCF1081B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..63de48039bc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/65/1A/87/651A8796FFC5FFDBFFADFB3AFCF1081B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ + + + +Atlas of the Reptiles of Libya + + + +Author + +Bauer, Aaron M. +Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA; & Research Associate, Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, & Corresponding author; E-mail: aaron. bauer @ villanova. edu. + + + +Author + +DeBoer, Jonathan C. +Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA; + + + +Author + +Taylor, Dylan J. +Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA; + +text + + +Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences + + +2017 + +2017-10-31 + + +64 + + +8 + + +155 +318 + + + +journal article +10.5281/zenodo.13155907 +0068-547X +13155907 + + + + + + + + + +Testudo hermanni +Gmelin, 1789:1041 + + + + + + + +Reported by +Luiselli et al. (2012) +from +Libya +, but without specific data. Although introduced individuals may exist, there are no documented records of this species outside of southern Europe and its associated islands (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). + + + + + + +Testudo marginata +Schoepff, 1793:58 + +, pl. XI, pl. XII, fig. 1. [German edition]/Schoepff, 1793:52, pl. XI, pl. XII, fig. 1. + + + +Reported by +Luiselli et al. (2012) +from +Libya +, but without specific data. +Peters (1880 +, +1881 +) reported + +T. campanulata + +[= + +T. marginata + +] from Bir-Milrha. However, Schneider and +Schneider (2008) +argued that the likely species intended was + +T. kleinmanni + +, based on the similarity of plastron pattern between adult + +T. kleinmanni + +and juvenile + +T. marginata +. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file