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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.85737" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1127-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D72971CE12A85992AFFD69F186474E85" ID-ZooBank="4759AFC32EFD47A7853F645FB32829BA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1127-1" checkinTime="1667414686597" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ramahandrison, Andriamirado Tahina, Rakouth, Bakolimalala &amp; Manuel, Michael" docDate="2022" docId="4E7E203B937C530DB56C1C1E935CE1F6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1127: 1-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1127" docPubDate="2022-11-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.85737" docTitle="Copelatus andobonicus Guignot 1960" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="D72971CE12A85992AFFD69F186474E85" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="D72971CE12A85992AFFD69F186474E85" masterDocTitle="The aquatic Adephaga of the Makay, central-western Madagascar, with description of two new diving beetle species (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1667414686597" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>The aquatic Adephaga of the Makay, central-western Madagascar, with description of two new diving beetle species (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Ramahandrison, Andriamirado Tahina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departement de Biologie et Ecologie Vegetales, Faculte des Sciences, BP 906, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar &amp; Sorbonne Universite, Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (UMR 7205), MNHN SU CNRS EPHE UA, Case 05, 7 quai St Bernard, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rakouth, Bakolimalala</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departement de Biologie et Ecologie Vegetales, Faculte des Sciences, BP 906, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Manuel, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Sorbonne Universite, Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (UMR 7205), MNHN SU CNRS EPHE UA, Case 05, 7 quai St Bernard, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">manuel1570@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-11-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1127</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E7E203B937C530DB56C1C1E935CE1F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E7E203B937C530DB56C1C1E935CE1F6" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="4E7E203B-937C-530D-B56C-1C1E935CE1F6" authority="Guignot, 1960" authorityName="Guignot" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus andobonicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andobonicus">Copelatus andobonicus Guignot, 1960</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Madagascar, Andobo, Antsingy forest.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<specimenCount type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
: MAK-12A;
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
: MAK-33;
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
: MAK-57.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Madagascar (
<bibRefCitation author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher="Le Naturaliste Malgache" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 101" refId="B39" refString="Guignot, F, 1960. Haliplides et dytiscides nouveaux ou interessants de Madagascar. Le Naturaliste Malgache 11 (1959): 95 - 101" title="Haliplides et dytiscides nouveaux ou interessants de Madagascar." volume="11" year="1960">Guignot 1960</bibRefCitation>
); species characteristic of dry deciduous forests in the western part of the island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat in study area.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species was collected in lentic habitats (springs and small puddles), with clay or sandy-clay bottom and a lot of plant debris, located in forested or semi-forested areas and relatively unaffected by human disturbances.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:affiliation id="AFCCEEFB437264DD5EBDC8F84FB605E4">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Av. Transnordestina s / n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2A30209C29BBAF7DA35DC671F36C797">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Av. Transnordestina s / n, Campus, Novo Horizonte. 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="69F0D765B1BDA5E70D3CC4983A6B7C8F">Seigler, David S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0994EF647FD29A277A46F709E431DF94">Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0FB58948B8AD6E77F03056DD1089A1FA">da Silva, Guilherme Sousa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2624EBBF6A8CD4E82DA3AB9A37875D1">Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083 - 876, Sao Paulo / SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="710465A5042DC1846ECD746C3773517E">Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (Embrapa) Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estacao Biologica, Caixa Postal 02372, 70770 - 917, Brasilia / DF, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="61D315FA17BB15C8EC1B3C2B4F3F0C5B">Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3604D9A40F3C5B38599C9431AD1856A0">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Bloco IV - Predio 43433, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D48B2A81C227D68601F03E53763C8467">Terra, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9CF45FE10D72BD1194EE35FEE3C6877">Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105 - 900, Santa Maria / RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A5FFDEA2EFC3F08DBF47C8F361C24D83">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1BFAB886C39B42C827912BE370329BA0">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A7CDC6D01F8110AA3DDEEEB61560CD7B">240</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="957B58408145155BB90443B2DDC0E302">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="4D8F5082FFC0757D0AD140065DB12253" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="642E0098314C4ACC946F52A55FEAEF83" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="17. newtonia grade">
<treatment id="4E7E31CDAA0A138617C266918192843B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E7E31CDAA0A138617C266918192843B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E7E31CDAA0A138617C266918192843B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="537B4275343CB600C1C228E18A424E20" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BBCE890C3F1D5618A269349DCB2D41F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FDB62B881F54094F195CE790DDB5D993" ID-CoL="9CLGJ" authority="Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (91): 721. 1888." authorityName="Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (91): 721. 1888." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Newtonia Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(91): 721. 1888.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E533A4CC38D7442E1E49F73E47D83EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="E5D58CBF62ADA96A5E24BC7BEFF3C9F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="00FA4CBD4FA3EA0775A8DA88E8A734EB" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 127</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BC7F325A4C4262A11FBF0158C57C67AD" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="F138" captionText="Figure 131. Distribution of Newtonia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure131" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 131</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F99F1434D8A2AB4A6C3DF88299D78503" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F8917947891FB584B84F694364E97992" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="26FF75691DF0B77E0B19C5AE3C629E88">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14847759EB84A72EA320AEAD0CF0B9FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E5C7FABCE5320795FBF5AAA076C205B9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia insignis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="137496F89E47894D64DE60554FF8D7BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newtonia insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Baill. [=
<taxonomicName id="255FF828536967C80DDB456A2E951B54" lsidName="N. duparquetiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="duparquetiana">
<emphasis id="7F7F4C8238D86F1079B880F5D6C88730" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. duparquetiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Baill.) Keay]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B360E4154B7546B72FB30F9B731BD3D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="C09644528B5E2E538448D348418340DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7126D182AA55CBE49CA88825C9CC9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Unarmed large trees, often with buttresses (Fig.
<figureCitation id="34952B23B17AE5180D0942AFBA8F34D8" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127D</figureCitation>
) and aerial roots (one species a liana), tuberous storage roots absent; brachyblasts absent.
<emphasis id="DCE313375335F206AE95A4BBEB032C20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipules</emphasis>
small, caducous.
<emphasis id="0787F6F024A8B2C440827CAC667235F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
bipinnate, extrafloral nectaries present between the proximal pair of pinnae and usually between all pairs, sessile or stipitate, crateriform to cylindrical; pinnae 1-27 pairs, opposite; leaflets 1-40 (67) pairs per pinna, opposite, sessile, pinnately veined, brochidodromous.
<emphasis id="A1F89973FD81C53F5C53589559116D60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
paniculiform comprising aggregated spikes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A4C127D5492C409F51C29537FB9A90CB" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127H</figureCitation>
) (a raceme in one species), terminal or subterminal.
<emphasis id="7B443AFE3045C2A9078C5C206492AD4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
sessile or pedicellate, functionally staminate or bisexual; hypanthium absent but the stamens and petals fused into a stemonozone, forming a nectary disk in several species; calyx 5 lobed, valvate; petals 5, valvate, basally connate or adnate to stamens; stamens 10, free above the stemonozone, anthers dorsifixed, anther glands present or absent; pollen in tricolporate monads, exine smooth (perforated), columellae present; ovary stipitate, stigma porate.
<emphasis id="0BE390F5711A6EF64D030596C7538D0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
strongly dorsiventrally flattened, dehiscing along ventral suture (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7B3693EC7AF9E22777C0B8C6F63C9BEE" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127N</figureCitation>
), valves coriaceous, exocarp brown, reticulately veined, endocarp lighter in colour, mesocarp absent.
<emphasis id="B03A6FA65D3C6F9687F733088E8E4DC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
strongly flattened, winged (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B29C2830805D9C28153D352BADED3252" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127N</figureCitation>
), longitudinal, the testa thin, pleurogram absent, funicle attached apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3798DEFAEC7AAD43F4C23414727ECAF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="150B35B716114F03E1559030D015E620" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD9F88B2C6E2C93B6CABC5797607BD9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2
<emphasis id="9C4C8C69BE41F6D928C8BC159A6D5410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 26 (
<bibRefCitation id="8080B496113D37B847809FC7810796E1" author="Goldblatt, P" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="427 - 463" refId="B310" refString="Goldblatt, P, 1981b. Cytology and the phylogeny of Leguminosae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 427 - 463" title="Cytology and the phylogeny of Leguminosae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2." year="1981 b">Goldblatt 1981b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FB1AD14286BE0FBE5656AC27D089A15" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9C2E1729763E4477D4AE9E94FE6CDB5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species and geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1465B034A63343D103D87C33F4B5DA51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Eleven species, restricted to, but widely distributed in tropical Africa (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B90600C9124088458B0F6A6272207BF8" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="F138" captionText="Figure 131. Distribution of Newtonia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure131" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">131</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="12EBCE300E98188E04689618A3CB04D5" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure131" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 131" startId="F138">
<paragraph id="6BAAB5A7C14AE44C02B2200703B69FC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="8413DE385F7231D59FA6BB3685CC1DE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 131.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="42A7101D218A81C287F4E2E8DC94839F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7DD3BB58F981F9F119A0612F3B6BBB87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29050751EAB5534F410CFD70B13ADBA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="40772B31ABDD7B092D07078F8E59B05D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D7272CEBC96C520BE645A6EC88231F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="59DD1FB6559FA53D5985D3122620F89A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1E9A19FB376F560445328E3BA12F2D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are (with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="3D9845150A4CE2B59763133F8C0057EB" lsidName="N. scandens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="86DA735A3E6CC49C21454383FC68E3C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. scandens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Villiers) large trees, often with buttresses (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FB99E951168B694822711BB621CBBC14" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127D</figureCitation>
) and aerial roots, mostly in rainforests, although some species are found in more seasonal semi-deciduous forest in East Africa (Fig.
<figureCitation id="21A32FF71A3A7A82227B93303BAC348D" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="F138" captionText="Figure 131. Distribution of Newtonia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure131" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014803" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">131</figureCitation>
). Seeds wind-dispersed (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BBDA3DDAD98A340676218341DC6CDC6B" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127N</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7090A544A35105347A713DE82CD3DAC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="574549D307F6588CFBE054FBAC6C96A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="067068783CA50348A3D0AB18AA2C4B5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Named by Baillon in honour of the English philosopher and mathematician Isaac Newton.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="54A1A0FFE3CD8C4B5BD5EEE955FA48AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="human uses">
<paragraph id="0981F63926522979FFAC65F054187AF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Human uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E337C303E2A7E930E31926E04E08788" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Various species are used for timber (
<bibRefCitation id="B825360D30779D1308E76E1AE45841CF" author="Fern, K" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://tropical.theferns.info/" refId="B277" refString="Fern, K, 2023. Tropical Plants Database. https://tropical.theferns.info/" title="Tropical Plants Database." url="https://tropical.theferns.info/" year="2023">Fern 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC6577837A3380BAD8D6A9AE7E837E1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="B4E4F7F1E00E48BADECA9F9176904F28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C463A78D671AB9BD4C396E15082B8B92" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5FA38662DE35CE6A74748105BEAB9A88" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90DB414EB954292A0165FC1A3BA310FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of three genera of large, unarmed African trees with winged seeds that form part of the grade subtending the core mimosoid clade (Fig.
<figureCitation id="916C798452262712338947A35C57EA0B" captionStart="Figure 126" captionStartId="F133" captionText="Figure 126. Phylogenetic relationships across the grade Newtonia of four genera subtending the core mimosoid clade in tribe Mimoseae. For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure126" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">126</figureCitation>
). The follicular dehiscence of fruits of
<taxonomicName id="1F45F1BCBC193BB5F9E11ACFAA4B4151" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FBF4CDB63D6F2C0BED5A6C2D3F9476D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e., along one margin only, to release the winged, wind-dispersed seeds (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C16465C894178FB8D1F89C371A10C735" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127N</figureCitation>
), is unusual in
<taxonomicName id="0D43073BEEC698A66174BF8226969BFA" family="Leguminosae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Mimoseae">Mimoseae</taxonomicName>
and found in only a few other genera (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="62CD5EC3B01B775D582E67224B4167DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cylicodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cylicodiscus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="176DC69FC0EC3CB3702A90B0973E7E28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cylicodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="DFB51A13D97EAF388F10089C0953BABC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Piptadeniastrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptadeniastrum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D6EB8BF9F876B169F79D79E958FA6AC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Piptadeniastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Brenan,
<taxonomicName id="F292C91268C1774B3714E06D69AF38A7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pityrocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pityrocarpa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28347862965AD7F2C868F2F34E41EC04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pityrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benth.) Britton &amp; Rose, and
<taxonomicName id="E048E6B2E4871656BFC62B75C004B5EE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marlimorimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Marlimorimia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE7A5CF9C3D434CFD6E547B4B07615FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Marlimorimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.P. Queiroz, L.M. Borges, Marc.F. Simon &amp; P.G. Ribeiro). The spicate inflorescences are always aggregated into compound paniculiform terminal inflorescences (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AA5024F74682B816B591039D9CA8F439" captionStart="Figure 127" captionStartId="F134" captionText="Figure 127. Habit, habitats, inflorescences, and fruits of Newtonia and allies A small tree of Anonychium africanum (Guill. &amp; Perr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; G. P. Lewis in Senegal, West Africa B small twisted treelet of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in savanna grasslands (Cerrado) in eastern Bolivia C large, buttressed tree base of Fillaeopsis discophora Harms in tropical wet forest, Ebo, Cameroon D large buttressed tree base of Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G. C. C. Gilbert &amp; Boutique in semi-evergreen forest in Mozambique E spicate inflorescence of Anonychium africanum F spicate inflorescences of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia G spicate inflorescences of Fillaeopsis discophora, Gabon H spicate inflorescences of Newtonia buchananii in Malawi I indehiscent pods of Anonychium africanum collected as livestock feed in Burkina Faso, West Africa J tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous or weakly coriaceous valves of Plathymenia reticulata, eastern Bolivia K pod valves and papery endocarp packets surrounding seeds of Plathymenia reticulata, Bahia, Brazil L tardily dehiscent pods with chartaceous valves of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Mayombe, Congo (Brazzaville) M large winged seeds of Fillaeopsis discophora in tropical wet forest in Ambam, Cameroon N fruits and winged seeds of Newtonia buchananii in cultivation in South Africa. Photo credits A S Christensen www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de B, F, J, K, N CE Hughes C, L, M X van der Burgt D Stefaan Dondeyne E M Arbonnier https: // agritrop. cirad. fr / G E Bidault, Missouri Botanical Garden, http: // legacy. tropicos. org / Image / 100618759 H G Baumann www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de I M Schmidt www. westafricanplants. senckenberg. de." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure127" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">127H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B50ADC5D209A06BABBA5AFBCC7E25DF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In the past, several New World species were included in
<taxonomicName id="768957ADAB254F29F0DBD870C06061A1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FF9DC5ABCBA6156E96FF48B6DE299771" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These are now placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="22661699BED3AA931E9AC823F645BE11" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marlimorimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Marlimorimia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CC741D0F1689D3C660C13361E9CB3C84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Marlimorimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus of the
<taxonomicName id="8A805271CDD5F7E744A71493EA8AC381" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Stryphnodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stryphnodendron</taxonomicName>
clade segregated from
<taxonomicName id="EB04EAE55A6452B85EB3E8049E5868B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Pseudopiptadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudopiptadenia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5812BF0063B6CDEAD391D7FCD55A9587" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopiptadenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rauschert by
<bibRefCitation id="BDD4C4089E20B5E5FE666FB0D75738C1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82275" author="Borges, LM" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="239 - 259" refId="B93" refString="Borges, LM, Inglis, PW, Simon, MF, Ribeiro, PG, Queiroz, LP, 2022. Misleading fruits: The non-monophyly of Pseudopiptadenia and Pityrocarpa supports generic re-circumscriptions and a new genus within mimosoid legumes. In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 239 - 259, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82275" title="Misleading fruits: The non-monophyly of Pseudopiptadenia and Pityrocarpa supports generic re-circumscriptions and a new genus within mimosoid legumes." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82275" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Borges et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, reflecting long-documented differences in pollen type [tricolporate monads in
<taxonomicName id="753E2AD0CFFE3FBE7295671AA0964B78" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C27A09757EB94B140713C455FDB09191" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Newtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs polyads in
<taxonomicName id="12083F8B8448B2E0B34F0D1AD1AD48C1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Pseudopiptadenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudopiptadenia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39F30196E5001B4A4546F88BAE554220" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudopiptadenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="DA1037424C6BA855514585E61EB59F96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marlimorimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Marlimorimia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACD4E3796C8C2CE3CCCD8A255BB5600C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Marlimorimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BD8F94B8970F411D68D297AC5B1A31C8" author="Guinet, P" journalOrPublisher="Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique, Institut Francais de Pondichery" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 293" refId="B334" refString="Guinet, P, 1969. Les Mimosacees: etude de palynologie fondamentale, correlations, evolution. Travaux de la Section Scientifique et Technique, Institut Francais de Pondichery 9: 1 - 293" title="Les Mimosacees: etude de palynologie fondamentale, correlations, evolution." volume="9" year="1969">Guinet 1969</bibRefCitation>
)] and other morphological differences (
<bibRefCitation id="8574666BA72494A170CABFCDA5882D28" author="Lewis, GP" editor="Polhill, RM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="155 - 169" refId="B475" refString="Lewis, GP, Elias, TS, 1981. Mimoseae. In: Polhill, RM, Raven, PH, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, United Kingdom: 155 - 169" title="Mimoseae." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1." year="1981">Lewis and Elias 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6585BD7825FA3EAFAFA6D1DBB791308C" author="Lewis, GP" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="43 - 67" refId="B477" refString="Lewis, GP, Lima, MPM, 1991. Pseudopiptadenia Rauschert no Brasil (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae). Arquivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 30: 43 - 67" title="Pseudopiptadenia Rauschert no Brasil (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae)." volume="30" year="1991">Lewis and Lima 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DF19D9FC7B13D0B6637DD9CC1B02C905" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic references">
<paragraph id="3054AA37E874BCE3E0D42A0A0BB76D8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic references.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0886A15452BD95DC215D975A4F0A54B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="BC3AA0B2DE6BA20114E1CB46AE3F9FA9" author="Brenan, JPM" editor="Hubbard, CE" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations, London, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 173" refId="B101" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1959. Leguminosae (Part 1) subfamily Mimosoideae. In: Hubbard, CE, Milne-Redhead, E, Eds., Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations, London, United Kingdom: 1 - 173" title="Leguminosae (Part 1) subfamily Mimosoideae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1959">Brenan (1959)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9C79342E62C8F8C99F264D29D76CCD7" author="Hutchinson, J" editor="Keay, RWJ" journalOrPublisher="Second edition. Crown Agents, London, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="489 - 587" refId="B397" refString="Hutchinson, J, Dalziel, JM, 1958. Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae &amp; Papilionaceae. In: Keay, RWJ, Ed., Flora of West Tropical Africa, Volume 1, Part 2. Second edition. Crown Agents, London, United Kingdom: 489 - 587" title="Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae &amp; Papilionaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of West Tropical Africa, Volume 1, Part 2." year="1958">Hutchinson and Dalziel (1958)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72A8ECE59394935D6B1A156872186524" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4120627" author="Mackinder, B" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="447 - 452" refId="B523" refString="Mackinder, B, Cheek, M, 2003. A new species of Newtonia (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae) from Cameroon. Kew Bulletin 58: 447 - 452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4120627" title="A new species of Newtonia (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae) from Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4120627" volume="58" year="2003">Mackinder and Cheek (2003)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="88EFD9ED909900525CA2E6624CBC9ED6" author="Villiers, J-F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle Section B, Adansonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B897" refString="Villiers, J-F, 1989. Flore du Gabon. Fascicule 31: Leguminosae - Mimosoideae. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 1-185." title="Flore du Gabon. Fascicule 31: Leguminosae - Mimosoideae. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 1 - 185." year="1989">Villiers (1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D38C8D1BDD9D7165FE2C598A83F24169" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3668333" author="Villiers, J-F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 138" refId="B898" refString="Villiers, J-F, 1990. Contribution a l'etude du genre Newtonia Baillon (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae) en Afrique. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 60: 119 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3668333" title="Contribution a l'etude du genre Newtonia Baillon (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae) en Afrique." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3668333" volume="60" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
), all with illustrations.
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21.
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<paragraph id="EB79CFB18E1D86806611DC02127CE954" pageNumber="371">[[ queen ]]. Fusca, setulis crassiusculus (haud clavatis) hirta, capile abdomineque piceis, mandibulis, antennis pedibusque ferruginei ^, capite thoraceque longitudinaliter striatis, opacis, nodis rugosis, abdomine nitido, antennis crassis, metanoto dentibus duobus ntagnis, absque denticulis prope insertionem petioli, nodis petioli validis transversis. Long. 2, 6 millim. Alae hyalinae costis dilute testaceis.</paragraph>
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Ha 1 ' abito di un
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, da cui differisce per i caratteri del genere (1). La statura piccolissima, le antenne assai robuste e i nodi del picciuolo trasversi la distinguono dalle altre specie.
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<paragraph id="5CDFD9BFB2054980CEB5CFD279D497DC">Keren (Beccari); un solo esemplare.</paragraph>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFF4AFCAEFE87BA43" bold="true" box="[238,372,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Serangium</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="196C886FFFEE561FFF33FC61FF3ABA9D" box="[151,201,923,944]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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, by monotypy.
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<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFF33FBFBFE7CBD37" authority="Szawaryn, 2019" authorityName="Szawaryn" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,399,1025,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Serangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFF33FBFBFE7CBD37" bold="true" box="[151,399,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Serangium kalandyki</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFF33FBDFFF08BD13" box="[151,251,1061,1086]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,984,1006]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[195,1393,634,1699]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,337,962]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[186,1401,630,1704]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,337,963]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. FT-IR spectra of analysed amber piece MAIG 1535; upper = reflectance spectrum; lower = absorbance spectrum." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Serangium. Green color = extant species; red = Baltic amber deposits. Numbers indicate number of extant species, value in square indicates number of fossil species." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2608341/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2608343/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFF33FB6BFEEDBD87" bold="true" box="[151,286,1169,1194]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is an honorific for Mr. Wojciech Kalandyk, collector of the amber piece containing the
<typeStatus id="196C886FFFEE561FFF60FB4FFED5BDE3" box="[196,294,1205,1230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and donator of a large collection of amber inclusions to the Museum of Amber Inclusions at the University of Gdańsk.
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<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFF63FB07FE8BBC3B" bold="true" box="[199,376,1277,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Type material.</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
, MAIG, No. 1535 (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFD6BFB07FCE0BC3B" box="[719,787,1277,1302]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Reference IR curves No. MAIG 1535 IR (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFABFFB07FA92BC3B" box="[1307,1377,1277,1302]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,634,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[186,1401,630,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. FT-IR spectra of analysed amber piece MAIG 1535; upper = reflectance spectrum; lower = absorbance spectrum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608341/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) and deposited in MAIG, International Amber Association database curve No. 13835. Piece of Baltic amber transparent yellow, anterior and anterior left part of the ventral side of the beetle inclusion covered with milky veil. Cuticle black, without any trace of maculation. Amber piece donated by Wojciech Kalandyk, beetle inclusion determined as
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFF1DFA77FEA0BC8B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[185,339,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccinellidae</taxonomicName>
by Daniel Kubisz. Syninclusions: Arachnida: Acari (
<specimenCount id="D0D1FD44FFEE561FFC63FA74FBA8BC8B" box="[967,1115,1421,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
);
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFBD6FA77FB39BC8B" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[1138,1226,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFB7DFA77FA8ABC8B" box="[1241,1401,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="D0D1FD44FFEE561FFA34FA74FEF5BCE7" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
);
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFEBDFA4BFE81BCE7" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[281,370,1457,1482]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFED8FA4BFE17BCE7" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[380,484,1457,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="D0D1FD44FFEE561FFE52FA48FD8BBCE7" box="[502,632,1457,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEE561FFF63FA2FFA89BCC3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1169,2022]" box="[199,1402,1493,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFF63FA2FFE3EBCC3" bold="true" box="[199,461,1493,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Locality and Horizon.</emphasis>
Eocene, Lutetian, Baltic amber, Jantarnyj area (secondary deposit) (
<bibRefCitation id="A2464B3CFFEE561FFB6EFA2FFA9DBCC3" author="Wappler, T." box="[1226,1390,1493,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" pagination="53" refId="ref4257" refString="Wappler, T. (2005) The age of Baltic amber: Could Eckfeld resolve this problem? In: Brothers, D. &amp; Mostovski, M. (Eds.), Fossils X 3, 3 rd International Congress of Palaeoentomology with 2 nd International Meeting on Palaeoarthropodology and 2 nd World Congress on Amber and its Inclusions. Programme and Abstracts, 7 th to 11 th Feb 2005, Pretoria South Africa. University of Kwazulu-Natal, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 53." type="book chapter" year="2005">Wappler 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8ECD6546FFEE561FFF63FA03FD9EBF8F" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEE561FFF63FA03FD9EBF8F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1169,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFF63FA03FEB2BF3F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1529,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFEE9FA00FDCCBF3C" authority="Szawaryn, 2019" authorityName="Szawaryn" authorityYear="2019" box="[333,575,1529,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Serangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFEE9FA00FDCCBF3C" box="[333,575,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Serangium kalandyki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFDEFFA03FD59BF3F" bold="true" box="[587,682,1529,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EF9057A4FFEE561FFDEFFA03FD59BF3F" box="[587,682,1529,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFC36FA00FA89BF3F" authority="Szawaryn &amp; Szwedo, 2018" authorityName="Szawaryn &amp; Szwedo" authorityYear="2018" box="[914,1402,1529,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Serangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gedanicum">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFC36FA00FBDCBF3C" box="[914,1071,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">S. gedanicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A2464B3CFFEE561FFB9EFA00FA89BF3F" author="Szawaryn, K. &amp; Szwedo, J." box="[1082,1402,1529,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" pagination="593 - 603" refId="ref3955" refString="Szawaryn, K. &amp; Szwedo, J. (2018) Have ladybird beetles and whiteflies co-existed for at least 40 Mya? Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 92 (4), 593 - 603. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 018 - 0409 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Szawaryn &amp; Szwedo,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in possesing a setiferous elytral disc, metaventrite as long as ventrites 1–4 combined, and deeply marked elytral foveae for reception of hind femora. It differs in that the elytral margin is visible throughout from above, with a row of long sparse setae on the outer margin.
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFEE561FFDC2F99CFD0EBF50" authorityName="Szawaryn &amp; Szwedo" authorityYear="2018" box="[614,765,1637,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Serangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gedanicum">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFDC2F99CFD0EBF50" box="[614,765,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">S. gedanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a barely visible elytral margin from above with a row of short sparse setae on outer margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8ECD6546FFEE561DFF63F957FD78BB12" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" type="description">
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEE561FFF63F957FCC1BE23" blockId="1.[151,1437,1169,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFEE561FFF63F957FEAABFEB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1709,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Description.</emphasis>
Total length =
<quantity id="012F9B28FFEE561FFDA0F954FD99BFE8" box="[516,618,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="1.47">1.47 mm</quantity>
, total width =
<quantity id="012F9B28FFEE561FFCA8F954FC81BFE8" box="[780,882,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="1.19">1.19 mm</quantity>
, elytral length =
<quantity id="012F9B28FFEE561FFB95F954FB64BFE8" box="[1073,1175,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="1.18">1.18 mm</quantity>
, pronotal length =
<quantity id="012F9B28FFEE561FFACFF954FF36BFC4" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="0.39">0.39 mm</quantity>
, pronotal width =
<quantity id="012F9B28FFEE561FFE31F928FE0FBFC4" box="[405,508,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="0.77">0.77 mm</quantity>
, body high =
<quantity id="012F9B28FFEE561FFD3DF92BFCF2BFC4" box="[665,769,1745,1770]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
. Body oval (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFC35F92BFC14BFC7" box="[913,999,1745,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), strongly convex, hemispherical (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFACBF92BFF4BBE23" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
); elytral margins entirely visible. Wings visible apically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEE561FFF63F8E3FC2DBE1F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1169,2022]" box="[199,990,1817,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Head hypognathous, retracted, not clearly visible. Antenna not visible.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEE561CFF63F8C4FE93B9D5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1169,2022]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">
Pronotum transverse, covered with punctures, glabrous, shiny; with raised border along basal margin (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFA93F8C7FA7EBE7B" box="[1335,1421,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Prothoracic hypomeron posteriorly with deep delimited fovea for reception of folded antennae and retracted forelegs. Prosternum large, elevated, prominent anteriorly, forming anteriorly rounded, broad chin piece concealing mouthparts from below (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFE1EF853FDE5BEEF" box="[442,534,1961,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
); prosternal process smooth. Mesoventrite with mesoventral process strongly transverse, very short (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEE561FFE07F837FE0CBECB" box="[419,511,1997,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
), anterior margin with complete raised border; meso-metaventral junction with suture visible; mesoventral process broader than mesocoxal diameter. Metaventrite transverse, as long as abdominal ventrites 1–4 combined (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFED561CFD8BFF46FD7AB9F9" box="[559,649,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="272">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
); metaventral postcoxal lines joined medially, complete, extending to metanepisternum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFED561CFF63FEFEFCE7B831" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,788,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="272">
Scutellar shield small, triangular, glabrous (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFED561CFD0BFEFEFCF5B831" box="[687,774,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="272">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="92A86645FFED561CFF33F89FFCA2BE95" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="272" startId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" targetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFED561CFF33F89FFCA2BE95" blockId="2.[151,1435,1892,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFED561CFF33F89FFEE4BE57" bold="true" box="[151,279,1893,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="01D74D4EFFED561CFE86F89FFE0EBE57" authority="Szawaryn, 2019" authorityName="Szawaryn" authorityYear="2019" box="[290,509,1892,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Serangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFED561CFE86F89FFE0EBE57" box="[290,509,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="272">Serangium kalandyki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F4A3EADFFFED561CFDACF89FFD97BE57" bold="true" box="[520,612,1893,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EF9057A4FFED561CFDACF89FFDA9BE57" box="[520,602,1893,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="272" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
,.
</emphasis>
holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEC561DFF63FF6DFB8BB832" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">
Elytral surface covered with sparsely distributed punctures, each bearing short seta (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFB33FF6DFB02B99D" box="[1175,1265,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
); outer margin with row of sparse, long setae (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFD80FF46FD72B9F9" box="[548,641,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), sutural line not present. Epipleura incomplete apically, inclined throughout, reaching about base of 5
<superScript id="31A29B85FFEC561DFD9FFF25FDB4B9C0" attach="left" box="[571,583,223,237]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">th</superScript>
abdominal ventrite (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFC93FF18FC62B9D6" box="[823,913,226,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), with foveae to accommodate apices of mid, hind femora, foveae for hind femora deep, reaching about 2/3 epipleural width (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFBB2FEFCFB99B832" box="[1046,1130,262,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEC561DFF63FED0FE91B8A6" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">
Abdomen with five ventrites: ventrites 1 and 5 each longer than ventrites 2 and 3 combined, ventrite 5 rounded, not crenulated, not grooved laterally (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFD61FEB4FCEDB84A" box="[709,798,334,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Postcoxal lines complete, reaching lateral margin of ventrite (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFF58FE88FEA6B8A6" box="[252,341,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEC561DFF63FE62FEB5BB36" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">
Legs short, not reaching outer margin of elytra (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFD57FE6CFCBDB882" box="[755,846,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); coxae large, about half length of femora; femora, especially profemur, broad, flattened (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFDE2FE40FD6CB8FE" box="[582,671,442,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
), mid and hind femora closely fitting into depression on meso- and metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFE96FE24FE75B8DA" box="[306,390,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
); tibiae externally angulate medially (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFC8AFE24FC56B8DA" box="[814,933,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1A, F</figureCitation>
); tarsi four-segmented (
<figureCitation id="5EEC2A48FFEC561DFB0BFE24FAF0B8DA" box="[1199,1283,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,362,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Serangium kalandyki sp. nov,. holotype MAIG 1535; A) habitus, ventral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) magnification of small scale-like setae on dorsal surface of elytra; D) pronotum and fore legs; E) habitus, lateral view; F) abdomen, hind elytral fovea and hind leg; G) meso and metaventrite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
); tarsal claws toothed at base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C66836CDFFEC561DFF63FDDDFD78BB12" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,575]" box="[199,651,550,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="273">Sex undetermined. Genitalia not visible.</paragraph>
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65
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Order
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Coleoptera
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Suborder Polyphaga
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