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<document id="BE915528FF79C84FAFAD14EBC8BE1BFE" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291971" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b91775a1-1123-41b5-9430-8a87164f966f" ID-ISBN="978-0-9506207-7-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="291971" checkinTime="1588973768064" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Jarvis, Charlie" docDate="2007" docId="4E1301D60D7BE0F6104675DFE91D7B55" docLanguage="en" docName="ch7.gg.S.xml" docOrigin="Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum" docTitle="Silene acaulis subsp. acaulis Linnaeus 1762" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="850" masterDocId="D1B3EBBB44279C4C23B70DF5C0E42704" masterDocTitle="Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S)" masterLastPageNumber="877" masterPageNumber="806" pageNumber="849" updateTime="1710905156370" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="28EA32FEFA7CB07468DB24068A449D79">Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part S)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="726584068E04EC9ED24F6554A984F18B" ID-CoL="4XBJV" authority="(Linnaeus) Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1762" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acaulis">
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(Linnaeus) Linnaeus
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, ed. 2, 1
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: 603. 1762
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.
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<paragraph id="EAB509392CDCBB3FE69257A7CE6B6D04" pageNumber="849">&quot;Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis, Austriacis, Helveticis, Pyrenaeis.&quot; RCN: 3272.</paragraph>
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Basionym:
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<emphasis id="363E9C838DD1C3CC23647093ACA36892" italics="true" pageNumber="849">Cucubalus acaulis</emphasis>
L. (1753)
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.
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Garmendia in
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45: 445. 1989): Herb. Linn. No. 583.61, upper specimen (
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Current name:
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(L.) Jacq. subsp.
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<emphasis id="0B9167396125BAB6BC948E0441E88F6E" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="850">acaulis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:namePart>Salino, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Thais E.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="4E132E77-907B-5550-AF11-F2C76BF3D6DB" authority="(Proctor) Salino &amp; T. E. Almeida" authorityName="Salino &amp; T. E. Almeida" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Proctor" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amauropelta namaphila" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namaphila" status="comb. nov.">Amauropelta namaphila (Proctor) Salino &amp; T.E.Almeida</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authority="Proctor" authorityName="Salino &amp; Almeida &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2015" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thelypteris namaphila" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="namaphila" status="comb. nov.">Thelypteris namaphila Proctor</taxonomicName>
<bibRef pageId="5" pageNumber="16" refId="">, Amer. Fern J. 75(2): 56. f 1. 1985.</bibRef>
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<taxonomicName id="C2D2CEDF3C83BB80095FD5036C7CE22B" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pteromalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteromalus gorgasus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorgasus">Pteromalus gorgasus</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1839
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<taxonomicName id="86C21A49DE9FF6A69A52494AF0BC3424" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea dichrous" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="dichrous">dichrous</taxonomicName>
(Thomson, 1878,
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)
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<paragraph id="E97F1FE240BFA05146601BAD91C9EDC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43A0B65CF2AEEB7F03BED79CCB7E2A49" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">England</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFF6473AEFE1CF4FB" bold="true" box="[151,386,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Paolaltica eocenica</emphasis>
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(
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,
<figureCitation id="5E812A2DFFCCFF8AFF0073CAFE9FF499" box="[243,257,1735,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,265,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1246,1100,1963]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paolaltica eocenica gen. and sp. nov., a) holotype: habitus in ventral-lateral view; b) line drawing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226651/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">3</figureCitation>
a, 3b)
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<typeStatus id="1901880AFFCCFF8AFF647203FF4CF561" box="[151,210,1806,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
“
<typeStatus id="1901880AFFCCFF8AFEAD7203FE57F561" box="[350,457,1806,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
/
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<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFE1B7203FD52F560" box="[488,716,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Paolaltica eocenica</emphasis>
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/ Biondi M. des 2014” [red printed label]; probable female. The
<typeStatus id="1901880AFFCCFF8AFED6723FFE19F50D" box="[293,391,1842,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
will be deposited in the entomological collection of the author housed in the Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila (
<collectingCountry id="BEAD7638FFCCFF8AFC8F725BFC2AF529" box="[892,948,1878,1903]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Italy</collectingCountry>
), for permanent preservation. The complete beetle is embedded in a relatively small, subrectangular and slightly curved amber piece (length =
<quantity id="01429B4DFFCCFF8AFB0B7277FAC1F5D4" box="[1272,1375,1914,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" unit="mm" value="21.5">21.5 mm</quantity>
, max width =
<quantity id="01429B4DFFCCFF8AFF047293FEC0F5F0" box="[247,350,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
, max height = 3.0 mm; weight =
<quantity id="01429B4DFFCCFF8AFD2D7293FCFFF5F1" box="[734,865,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" unit="g" value="0.96">0.96 grams</quantity>
). No small gas bubbles exist, but a few cracks are diffusely spread throughout the amber piece. Other animal or plant syninclusions are absent. The specimen is well visible in sub-ventral and sub-dorsal view (left side); other views are not possible because of the shape and structure of the amber piece.
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<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCDFF8BFF6472CCFE8CF590" bold="true" box="[151,274,1985,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="499">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCDFF8BFEEA72CCFE7DF591" box="[281,483,1985,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paolaltica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenica">
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gen. and sp. nov., a) holotype: habitus in ventral-lateral view; b) line drawing.
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strata.
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Baltic Amber, Upper Eocene, Prussian Formation (Priabonian). Estimated age: 37.2–33.9 my.
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locality.
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<collectingCountry id="BEAD7638FFCAFF8CFE8B75B1FE59F293" box="[376,455,188,213]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="500">Russia</collectingCountry>
: Kaliningrad region: the Sambian [Samland] peninsula: Yantarny village [formerly Palmnicken].
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<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCAFF8CFF347409FED0F35B" bold="true" box="[199,334,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="500">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the geologic time of the specimen’s origin.
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<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCAFF8CFF34742AFEC7F306" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="500">Description.</emphasis>
Body length (LB) about 2.00 mm; length of pronotum (LP):
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; length of elytra (LE) about
<quantity id="01429B4DFFCAFF8CFF647441FF61F322" box="[151,255,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.60 mm</quantity>
; length of left antenna (LAN):
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. Dorsal integument apparently golden green with clear metallic reflections (some reflections may represent reflective surfaces within surrounding amber); ventral parts dark bronze with weak metallic reflections; legs clearly blackened, apparently with weak metallic reflections. Antennae longer than half of body length (LAN/LB ≈ 0.52); each antennomere proportional to following numerical sequence: 56:29:37:59:77:52:73:66:68:67:100 (right antenna). Pronotal punctation uniformly and moderately impressed. Elytral punctation arranged in regular rows, apparently clearly impressed up to apical declivity.
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<heading id="9D4D81C4FFCFFF89FF6470A9FE18F7F8" bold="true" box="[151,390,1444,1470]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FF6470A9FE18F7F8" bold="true" box="[151,390,1444,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCFFF89FF6470A9FE8FF7F8" box="[151,273,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paolaltica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FF6470A9FE8FF7F8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Paolaltica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EFFD57C1FFCFFF89FEEB70A9FE18F7F8" box="[280,390,1444,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C60536A8FFCFFF89FF6470CAFE94F799" blockId="1.[151,390,1444,1504]" box="[151,266,1479,1504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">
(
<figureCitation id="5E812A2DFFCFFF89FF6C70CAFF79F799" box="[159,231,1479,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1602,1624]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,807,1580]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[340,1248,807,1580]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paolaltica eocenica gen. and sp. nov., holotype: habitus in dorso-lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226650/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5E812A2DFFCFFF89FF0070CAFE9FF799" box="[243,257,1479,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,265,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1246,1100,1963]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paolaltica eocenica gen. and sp. nov., a) holotype: habitus in ventral-lateral view; b) line drawing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226651/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8EA06523FFCFFF8AFF647302FDCAF35A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C60536A8FFCFFF89FF647302FB25F562" blockId="1.[151,1437,1551,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FF647302FE8FF46E" bold="true" box="[151,273,1551,1576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Among flea beetles described from fossil resins (
<bibRefCitation id="A22B4B59FFCFFF89FC737302FB85F461" author="Bukejs" box="[896,1051,1551,1576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" refString="Bukejs, A. (2014) A new species of the genus Crepidodera Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Baltic amber. Zootaxa, 3815 (2), 286 - 289. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3815.2.8" type="journal article" year="2014">Bukejs 2014</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCFFF89FBC47302FB32F461" box="[1079,1196,1551,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paolaltica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FBC47302FB32F461" box="[1079,1196,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Paolaltica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EFFD57C1FFCFFF89FB48731DFAB4F461" box="[1211,1322,1552,1576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is easily distinguishable on the basis of having the combination of the following characters: pronotum without any antebasal transverse impression, metatarsi attached on apices of metatibiae, and elytral punctation arranged in regular rows. Based on the general habitus and elytral punctation being arranged in regular rows, the new genus could be confused with recent
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCFFF89FE7B7392FDF5F4FE" authority="Chapuis" authorityName="Chapuis" box="[392,619,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Amphimela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FE7B7392FD96F4F1" box="[392,520,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Amphimela</emphasis>
Chapuis
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCFFF89FD6273ADFCA2F4FE" authority="Jacoby" authorityName="Jacoby" box="[657,828,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Erystus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FD6273ADFD7BF4F1" box="[657,741,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Erystus</emphasis>
Jacoby
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCFFF89FC817392FC79F4F1" box="[882,999,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paolaltica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FC817392FC79F4F1" box="[882,999,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Paolaltica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EFFD57C1FFCFFF89FC1D73ADFBCBF4F1" box="[1006,1109,1696,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is different from both: in the former case, having a narrower interantennal space with evident frontal carina and well impressed frontal grooves, while in the latter, for having obliquely downward-oriented elytral epipleura, narrower interantennal space with an evident frontal carina, and a longer first metatarsomere, shorter than second and third together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C60536A8FFCFFF8AFF347222FDCAF35A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1551,2008]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">
Considering the complete set of “visible” characters in the sample, such as: body dorsally convex; eyes large; elytral epipleura obliquely downward-oriented, well visible in lateral view; apical spur of hind tibiae well visible, straight, not thickset and medially inserted; claws sub-appendiculate; first metatarsomere about as long as second and third together, and third tarsomere medially just incised, the new genus is more similar to
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCFFF89FB0B7296FE66F591" authority="Stephens. However, Paolaltica" authorityName="Stephens. However, Paolaltica" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratostomataceae" genus="Sphaeroderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Melanosporales" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FB0B7296FA02F5F5" box="[1272,1436,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Sphaeroderma</emphasis>
Stephens. However,
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCFFF89FE7072B2FE66F591" box="[387,504,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="497">Paolaltica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EFFD57C1FFCFFF89FE0C72CDFDFAF591" box="[511,612,1984,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="497" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is different from the latter genus for the following characters: body shape clearly more elongate; elytral punctuation regular and well impressed with smooth or very sparsely punctulate interstriae (rarely regular in
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCCFF8AFE2C75B1FD1DF292" box="[479,643,188,212]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratostomataceae" genus="Sphaeroderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Melanosporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFE2C75B1FD1DF292" box="[479,643,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Sphaeroderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in this case interstriae more densely punctulate); hind femora more enlarged; pronotum regularly arcuate basally (sinuate in
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCCFF8AFCD475EDFC55F2BE" box="[807,971,224,248]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratostomataceae" genus="Sphaeroderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Melanosporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFCD475EDFC55F2BE" box="[807,971,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Sphaeroderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); pronotal anterior angles not thickened (generally thickened in
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCCFF8AFE537409FDDAF35A" box="[416,580,260,284]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ceratostomataceae" genus="Sphaeroderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Melanosporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFE537409FDDAF35A" box="[416,580,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Sphaeroderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8EA06523FFCCFF8AFF34742AFF67F026" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" type="description">
<paragraph id="C60536A8FFCCFF8AFF34742AFF67F026" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFF34742AFEC7F306" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Description.</emphasis>
Body shape moderately elongate, dorsally convex. Head with frontal grooves running closely to inner ocular margin; interantennal space narrow, with an evident frontal carina prolonged up to labrum; genae about as long as one-third of ocular vertical diameter; eyes large, sub-elliptical; antennae with 11 antennomeres. Elytral punctation arranged in 9 regular rows apparently well impressed, also impressed on apical declivity; interstriae weakly convex, smooth or with very sparse punctulation; elytral epipleura ventrally oriented at oblique angle, well visible in lateral view. Legs with hind femora clearly enlarged (ratio of length/width = 1.71); hind tibiae with well visible, straight, not thickset and medially inserted apical spur. Tarsi with medially weakly and finely incised third tarsomere and sub-appendiculate claws; first metatarsomere about as long as second and third together.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8EA06523FFCCFF8AFF347761FD3DF0C3" box="[199,675,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C60536A8FFCCFF8AFF347761FD3DF0C3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,675,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFF347761FEFCF0C3" bold="true" box="[199,354,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">
<typeStatus id="1901880AFFCCFF8AFF347761FE9CF0C3" box="[199,258,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCCFF8AFE9A7761FD3DF0C3" authority="Biondi." authorityName="Biondi." box="[361,675,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Paolaltica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenica">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFE9A7761FDD6F0C2" box="[361,584,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Paolaltica eocenica</emphasis>
Biondi.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8EA06523FFCCFF8AFF347782FF6BF0B6" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C60536A8FFCCFF8AFF347782FF6BF0B6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFF347782FED0F0EE" bold="true" box="[199,334,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of this new genus is derived from Paola D’Alessandro, my research collaborator and valuable expert in flea beetle taxonomy, and the name of the
<typeStatus id="1901880AFFCCFF8AFCA677B8FC1BF08B" box="[853,901,693,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">type</typeStatus>
genus of the tribe (
<taxonomicName id="01BA4D2BFFCCFF8AFB9B77B9FB35F08A" box="[1128,1195,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F4CEEABAFFCCFF8AFB9B77B9FB35F08A" box="[1128,1195,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="498">Altica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), to which the genus belongs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="4E138AAB5B8267C9FC0684D95B2FAE1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6200440" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100057973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6200440" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E138AAB5B8267C9FC0684D95B2FAE1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E138AAB5B8267C9FC0684D95B2FAE1B" lastPageNumber="58" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="3D4C61611008C738C2D08BD2730BE2FE" ID-CoL="94HFH" authority="Xu &amp; Li" authorityName="Xu &amp; Li" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Draconarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="introhamatus">Draconarius introhamatus</taxonomicName>
(Xu &amp; Li 2006)
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51F73AC87D978A4126C49C6B943FE3E8">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="A39BD89591AA10DBBA05BFDAFBB170C9" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" type="mainText">(Fig. 540)</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FCEF0DD685AE4E4EF0F401651CA66E85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FF6AE8557C465F651048C46289501AAF" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" type="mainText">
<materialsCitation id="633C6AD2935D3336269B5D11EE602581" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903011" collectionCode="IZCAS" country="China" location="Lijiang" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="A82F57BF4570D7E3C121FD09E1C7F176" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Coelotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="introhamatus">
Coelotes
<taxonomicName id="4B6B0E56E20172A70499608706F8E534" authority="Xu" authorityName="Xu" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Coelotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="introhamatus">introhamatus Xu</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Li 2006a: 57, figs 17-19, 32-33 (
<specimenCount id="3ED115634CE28CD22651ABEE00793CDC" type="female">female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="2EEF28BC6153DAB77243EE812BC71FDA">holotype</typeStatus>
from
<location id="6483DE7695EDE1984B41FF4B64980025" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E138AAB5B8267C9FC0684D95B2FAE1B:6483DE7695EDE1984B41FF4B64980025" country="China" name="Lijiang" stateProvince="Yunnan">Lijiang</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4E8E38C5BE6D2177D235A93D4C6287EE">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0207B999084AA7EB217B5B83D3439ACB" name="China" value="China">China</collectingCountry>
, in
<collectionCode id="3C14CCE68F2330DD4948D305FF372F52" collectionName="China, Beijing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology">IZCAS</collectionCode>
, not examined)
</materialsCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="C90FB18F325AAFAF0A8D3BBA5324837A" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" type="mainText">Diagnosis: The female of this species can be easily distinguished from other coelotines by the absence of epigynal teeth, the large, anteriorly situated atrium and copulatory ducts, and the long, coiled spermathecal tubes (Xu &amp; Li 2006a: figs 18-19).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9DCB77B62513244480A60FE1EB300F" type="description">
<paragraph id="DA8A0C76E568476D284BBB5E7616A697" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" type="mainText">Description: Female. See also Xu &amp; Li (2006a).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5F345B2E4E161C391523C4B62A5F298" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" type="mainText">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="D618099358221B37DB75DA43469B28AA" pageId="54" pageNumber="58" type="mainText">
Distribution: China (Yunnan:
<misspelling id="B9F798FBBB9743C8A71C425E36910C1D" corrections="[Ljava.lang.String;@8f0d37" pageNumber="58" type="misspelled">Lijiang</misspelling>
) (Fig. 540).
</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="974C45D2E7048241CE04A4FA61886AE0">A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6AC2A845926664A019EAC642B23E0915">Neubauer, Thomas A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4E13F12590A1D896C4A897E961C42BAC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127893448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E13F12590A1D896C4A897E961C42BAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E13F12590A1D896C4A897E961C42BAC" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
<subSubSection id="5E7FA62D84FF161D711ED6D8A9703D9D" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D5BD9C29D25D9AD26A0FE226172662AF" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
†
<taxonomicName id="897E608C08110798EB725CC5BA59EC64" ID-CoL="72WTD" LSID="4E13F125-90A1-D896-C4A8-97E961C42BAC" authority="Pallary, 1920" authorityName="Pallary" authorityYear="1920" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis pyramidalis" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">Melanopsis pyramidalis Pallary, 1920</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C62EC255473B49237D640398FC7ED557" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="original source">
<paragraph id="C2249CE6C3190433DD9ACFB05361652D" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Original source.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DE26785AE833813C46EB8D3CCCCBDA2" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
<bibRefCitation id="3AF0CA5992FC4C1A01A3CFB7F83E4AB8" author="Pallary, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord" pageId="324" pageNumber="325" pagination="104 - 119" publicationUrl="http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=1844" refId="B381" refString="Pallary, P, 1920b. Deuxieme note sur la nomenclature des Melanopsis fossiles. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 11 (7): 104 - 119, http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=1844" title="Deuxieme note sur la nomenclature des Melanopsis fossiles." url="http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=1844" volume="11" year="1920 b">Pallary 1920b</bibRefCitation>
: 117.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DC978AAC43685CD4F86A315D6CAA3DFE" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="type horizon">
<paragraph id="ADE18190777DF501B7664EEB993841D2" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Type horizon.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7C72B6D39C042EA66E88999EF8BD6FA" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Early Rupelian, Oligocene.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83B09DB20CA5E163DAAE3AAFD2464F99" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="BAB54F44F9891D1AACBA92AFA49FFFAC" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE5A6761928C5807A710361B522C4893" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
&quot;Grossalmerode, Oberzwehren, Mardorf bei Wabern, Frielendorf, Kirchhain, Dannerod, Ofleiden, Mardorf an der Ohm&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="CBBB36154E88CE1A6A6E2188A8479A5C" author="Ludwig, R" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica" pageId="318" pageNumber="319" pagination="40 - 97" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44419page/48/mode/1up" refId="B293" refString="Ludwig, R, 1865. Fossile Conchylien aus den tertiaeren Suesswasser- und Meerwasser-Ablagerungen in Kurhessen, Grossherzogtum Hessen und der Bayer'schen Rhoen. Palaeontographica 14: 40 - 97, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44419page/48/mode/1up" title="Fossile Conchylien aus den tertiaeren Suesswasser- und Meerwasser-Ablagerungen in Kurhessen, Grossherzogtum Hessen und der Bayer'schen Rhoen." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44419page/48/mode/1up" volume="14" year="1865">Ludwig 1865</bibRefCitation>
: 71), Germany.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E648107E8CB0877F305929D5E4B562C7" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="BB9A0A6CFB8CB6133EFE60C8EF612745" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E01EE28156414E925CEC164CF5EB462" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">
Introduced for
<taxonomicName id="256365E3366B331519281AF1E15CEBF2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis praerosa" order="Pteropoda" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="praerosa">
<emphasis id="07CA626EE24F21EF21D3CAB50D856260" italics="true" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Melanopsis praerosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="DD18693415341E6BF90BB19AF8B54D92" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis praemorsa" order="Pteropoda" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="praemorsa">
<emphasis id="D5B8B2BE468D89B068DA710440624661" italics="true" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Melanopsis praemorsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] sensu Ludwig, 1865, non Linnaeus, 1758. It was regarded a junior synonym by
<bibRefCitation id="463220EB5446A5FE9085ED078E37F877" author="Wenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" pagination="2503 - 2886" refId="B542" refString="Wenz, W, 1929. Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria vol. IX: 2503 - 2886" title="Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia." volume="vol. IX" year="1929">Wenz (1929</bibRefCitation>
: 2740) because Sandberger (1873: 315) had already introduced
<taxonomicName id="6848C32B940567CBD147139739C50F12" authorityName="Sandberger" authorityYear="1873" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis hassiaca" order="Pteropoda" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hassiaca">
<emphasis id="A25D3D83763A4CF9E5F3B55BCDC8C824" italics="true" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Melanopsis hassiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as replacement name for misidentified
<taxonomicName id="7B5B41EAA90622493049C967C0087260" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis praemorsa" order="Pteropoda" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="praemorsa">
<emphasis id="C379BA244B41E40ABD5F6CE203098261" italics="true" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">Melanopsis praemorsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from that region and time period. Since Sandberger did not explicitly refer to
<normalizedToken id="65DC7D1D75CF5B13F713D062AF167DF7" originalValue="Ludwig’s">Ludwig's</normalizedToken>
material,
<taxonomicName id="C6E91298DB7B3F70E1396D7F21336F4F" authorityName="Pallary" authorityYear="1920" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="pyramidalis" order="Pteropoda" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">
<emphasis id="2973D43C1661D8516AF0D623E03F367A" italics="true" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">pyramidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DA899549DECB7088DFFF3B8B91610452" authorityName="Sandberger" authorityYear="1873" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="hassiaca" order="Pteropoda" pageId="229" pageNumber="230" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hassiaca">
<emphasis id="0C7B661BEF1F09F6932388D8B4C5AAB9" italics="true" pageId="229" pageNumber="230">hassiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not objective synonyms.
</paragraph>
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