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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4523286c-586e-4e1e-b33f-6836d3165a18" ID-PMC="PMC3822444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-347-1" ID-PubMed="24222723" ID-ZBK="52232D18DD784A84882CACA428B4A9D2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-347-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 347" ModsDocTitle="The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini" checkinTime="1451246744844" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marsh, Paul M., Wild, Alexander L. &amp; Whitfield, James B." docDate="2013" docId="B6560A6AD6786624ECD24EE93F484280" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 347: 1-474" docOrigin="ZooKeys 347" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002" docTitle="Heterospilus rohweri Marsh, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E70B74A9-5F60-4B3C-9FB4-A8701DDB5CC4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FF80331FA362FFFA435DFFBEFFDF333B" masterDocTitle="The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini" masterLastPageNumber="474" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1668156762379" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Marsh, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wild, Alexander L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:number>347</mods:number>
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<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E70B74A9-5F60-4B3C-9FB4-A8701DDB5CC4" authority="Marsh" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus rohweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rohweri">Heterospilus rohweri Marsh</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="151" pageNumber="152">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 103
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Body size: 4.0 mm. Color: head with vertex brown, eye orbits, frons and face honey yellow, scape yellow without lateral longitudinal brown stripe, flagellum entirely brown; mesosoma dark brown except mesoscutum and scutellum lighter brown; metasoma with terga 1, 2, and base of 3 dark brown, tergum 3 apically and terga 4-7 honey yellow; legs yellow; wing veins brown, stigma brown. Head: vertex transversely costate; frons transversely costate; face rugose; temple in dorsal view narrow, not bulging, less than 1/2 eye width; malar space equal to 1/4 eye height; ocell-ocular distance about twice diameter of lateral ocellus; 31 flagellomeres. Mesosoma: mesoscutal lobes granulate; notauli scrobiculate, meeting at scutellum in triangular costate-rugose area; scutellum smooth; prescutellar furrow with one cross carina; mesopleuron smooth; precoxal sulcus smooth, shorter than mesopleuron; venter smooth; propodeum with basal median areas distinctly margined, smooth, basal median carina present, areola not distinctly margined, areolar area rugose, lateral areas entirely rugose. Wings: fore wing vein r shorter than vein 3RSa, vein 1cu-a beyond vein 1M; hind wing vein SC+R present, vein M+CU shorter than 1M. Metasoma: first tergum longitudinally costate, length greater than apical width; second tergum longitudinally costate; anterior transverse groove present, straight; posterior transverse groove present; third tergum costate basally, smooth apically; terga 4-7 smooth; ovipositor longer than metasoma.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="holotype female">
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Holotype female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
Top label (white, printed) - COSTA RICA, Heredia [;] Est. Biol. La Selva, 50- [;] 150m.
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.433333">10°26'N</geoCoordinate>
, 84°01W [;] Aug 1993, INBio-OET; second label (white, printed) - 03 Agosto 1993 [;] Bosque primario [;] M/04/167; third label - INBio bar code; fourth label (red, partially printed, hand written) - HOLOTYPE [;] Heterospilus [;] rohweri [;] P. Marsh. Deposited in ESUW.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Known only from the holotype.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">This species is distinguished by the lighter colored mesoscutum, longer ovipositor, and single cross carina in prescutellar furrow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
Named for S. A. Rohwer who described many
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" lsidName="" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
in the early 1900s.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<paragraph pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
Figure 103.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus rohweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rohweri">Heterospilus rohweri</taxonomicName>
Marsh, sp. n., holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.62.8563</mods:url>
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classification Animalia Thysanoptera Thripidae
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Priesner, 1932" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Psilothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psilothrips bimaculatus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">Psilothrips bimaculatus (Priesner, 1932)</taxonomicName>
Fig. 3
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Priesner, 1932" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Thamnothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thamnothrips bimaculatus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">Thamnothrips bimaculatus</taxonomicName>
Priesner, 1932: 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Psilothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psilothrips indicus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">Psilothrips indicus</taxonomicName>
Bhatti, 1967: 12. Syn.n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Widespread in southern Mediterranean countries, from Morocco to Israel and Yemen, also in Iran from siris trees (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Albizia</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) in Khozestan Province (
<bibRefCitation author="Alavi, J" journalOrPublisher="Razi University of Kermanshah" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="183 - 184" title="Psilothrips bimaculatus (Priesner) a new record for Thysanoptera fauna of Iran." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 15 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress" year="2002">Alavi and Mohiseni 2002</bibRefCitation>
), this species is here interpreted to include records from India and central China. The type specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Psilothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psilothrips indicus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">Psilothrips indicus</taxonomicName>
, three females collected in Delhi on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ipomoea carnea" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carnea">Ipomoea carnea</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Convolvulaceae" lsidName="Convolvulaceae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
), are not available for study but are presumably in the &quot;J.S. Bhatti Private collection&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Bhatti, JS" journalOrPublisher="Thrips" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 43" title="A new genus and species of thrips related to Psilothrips Hood 1927 living on the South American saltbush, Atriplex lampa Gill. ex Moq. (Chenopodiaceae), in Argentina (Terebrantia: Thripidae)." volume="6" year="2008">Bhatti and de Borbon 2008</bibRefCitation>
). The proposed new synonymy is based on the original description, together with two females from Ningxia, China, collected from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycium halimifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halimifolium">Lycium halimifolium</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanaceae" lsidName="Solanaceae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
), 20.VII.1980, and identified as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Psilothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psilothrips indicus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">Psilothrips indicus</taxonomicName>
by Han Yun-fa (in BMNH and SMF). These two females have been compared with females from Morocco, Egypt, Israel and Yemen. The colour, as described by
<bibRefCitation author="Bhatti, JS" journalOrPublisher="Delhi" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" title="Thysanoptera Nova Indica" year="1967">Bhatti (1967)</bibRefCitation>
is distinctive, with abdominal tergites
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VII">II-VII</normalizedToken>
sharply paler posterolaterally, and the metanotal equiangular reticulations with few or no internal markings. This species, under the name of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Psilothrips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psilothrips indicus" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">Psilothrips indicus</taxonomicName>
, has been considered a pest on Chinese wolfberry (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycium" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lycium</taxonomicName>
spp.) in China (
<bibRefCitation author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Plant Diseases and Pest" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" title="Occurrence and control of Psilothrips indicus Bhatti." volume="3" year="2012">Li et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName LSID="B6561C81-52B1-5863-BF82-3F477A14BE80" authority="(Chen &amp; van Achterberg, 1997), new comb." authorityName=", new comb." baseAuthorityName="Chen &amp; van Achterberg" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Orionis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orionis erratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erratus">Orionis erratus (Chen &amp; van Achterberg, 1997), new comb.</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen &amp; van Achterberg" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Meteorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meteorus erratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erratus">Meteorus erratus</taxonomicName>
Chen &amp; van Achterberg, 1997
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Chen &amp; van Achterberg" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Perilitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perilitus erratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erratus">Perilitus erratus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B5" refString="Belokobylskij, SA, 2000b. Braconidae. In: Ler PA (Ed.) [Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 4.] Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnego Vostoka Rossii. T. IV. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" title="Braconidae. In: Ler PA (Ed.) [Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 4.] Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnego Vostoka Rossii. T. IV." year="2000 b">Belokobylskij (2000b)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
Described from Oriental and Palaearctic Provinces of China: Guizhou, Liaoning and Yunnan (Chen and van Achterberg 1997); recorded from Korea by
<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="115 - 152" refId="B22" refString="Papp, J, 2003. Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, XXI. Species of fifteen subfamilies. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 49: 115 - 152" title="Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Korea, XXI. Species of fifteen subfamilies." volume="49" year="2003">Papp (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and probably erroneously from the Netherlands by van
<bibRefCitation author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="161 - 164" refId="B2" refString="Achterberg, C van, Chen, X-x, Schilthuizen, M, 2020. The exotic Chinese wasp Perilitus erratus discovered in the centre of Amsterdam (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae). Entomologische Berichten 80: 161 - 164" title="The exotic Chinese wasp Perilitus erratus discovered in the centre of Amsterdam (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)." volume="80" year="2020">Achterberg et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
(see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Mostly black, head with dorsal reddish patches and clypeus reddish brown; scuto-scutellar groove with median carina and several carinulae in pits; propodeum with posterior and dorsal faces angled about 90° relative to each other; hind coxa dorsally rugose-punctate; first metasomal tergite with weak rugae medially.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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de Man, 1880
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<paragraph id="4E0345B4AD614F2AE40F584C0ED3DB2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165">
Svalbard (
<bibRefCitation id="D14B792A812CE3FF758DF71C48B219AF" author="Loof, P. A. A." journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" pagination="1 - 86" title="Freeliving and plant parasitic nematodes from Spitzbergen collected by Mr. H. von Rossen" volume="71" year="1971">Loof 1971</bibRefCitation>
); Jan Mayen (
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<normalizedToken id="6430C483E5ABE0F080CE6E0EF3C79AEB" originalValue="Allgén">Allgen</normalizedToken>
1953
</bibRefCitation>
); Lena River estuary, Russia (
<bibRefCitation id="2C376010618BC7D2D615025A12991CF5" author="Gagarin, V. G." journalOrPublisher="Biologia Vnutrennikh Vod" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" pagination="32 - 37" title="Review of free-living nematode fauna from fresh waters of the Russian Arctic and Subarctic" volume="2" year="2001">Gagarin 2001b</bibRefCitation>
); Taymyr and Severnaya Zemlya, Russia (
<bibRefCitation id="0B3C6BA9CA7021D9ECD215DADD01B841" author="Kuzmin, L. L." journalOrPublisher="Vladimir State Pedagogical Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" title="Katalog svobodnozhyvushchikh pochvennykh i presnovodnykh nematod Arktiki i Subarktiki" year="1990">Kuzmin and Gagarin 1990</bibRefCitation>
); Novaya Zemlya and Vaigach island, Russia (
<bibRefCitation id="3E46F594D6C91C7038DCB7B68684E565" author="Gagarin, V. G." journalOrPublisher="Biologia Vnuttrennikh Vod" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" pagination="33 - 40" title="Fauna of the freeliving nematodes from the water bodies of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago" volume="3" year="1997">Gagarin 1997a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C56034CB1B4FBABEF05C5DEBC8498133" author="Gagarin, V. G." journalOrPublisher="Biologia Vnutrennikh Vod" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" pagination="32 - 37" title="Review of free-living nematode fauna from fresh waters of the Russian Arctic and Subarctic" volume="2" year="2001">Gagarin 2001b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D08E1BDAB5EF082AA278364B08CA73E2" author="Steiner, G." journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1165" pagination="50 - 74" title="Freilebende Nematoden von Nowaja-Semlja" volume="46" year="1916">Steiner 1916a</bibRefCitation>
).
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="63">The five tribes represented in the New World are unlikely to represent a monophyletic group and as such cannot be satisfactorily diagnosed by morphological characters or separated from the Old World tribes as a whole, even when excluding the aberrant genera.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 2C, 3
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
♀ (NWUM), CHINA: Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 27.ix.2010, JL Tan. Paratypes: 2 ♀ + 1 ♂ (NWUM, RMNH), same data as holotype; 1 ♀ (GSFA), Xishuangbanna, Wangtianshu, Yunnan, 610 m, 23.iv. 2002, SP Sun; 2 ♂ (ZJUH),
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Jinghong</pageBreakToken>
Forestry Park, Yunnan, 31.vii.2003, no. 20045919, 20045938, J Lu; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Youle, Yunnan,17.iv.1984, no. 811874, 811873, JH He; 1 ♀ + 2 ♂ (NWUM), Banna, Menglun Yunnan, 6.x.2010, JL Tan; 4 ♂ (NWUM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 28.ix.2010, JL Tan. THAILAND: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Chieng Dao, 19.1.1958, K. Yoshikawa (identified as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex</taxonomicName>
(Sauss.) var. by van der Vecht in 1960); 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH), Siam, Chiangmai, 23.x.1922, F.4560, F.4571 (the female has the first tergite entirely black).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex</taxonomicName>
, but differs as follows: clypeus of female largely black and apically yellow (yellow with a black arrow-shaped mark in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex</taxonomicName>
); second metasomal tergum entirely black and strongly swollen subapically (with yellow apical band apically and weakly swollen subapically); male genitalia: proximal margin of penis gradually contracted in dorsal view and with a comparatively small hook in ventral view (abruptly contracted in dorsal view and with a large hook in ventral view).
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
♀, length of body (head + mesosoma + metasomal segments
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
) 11-12 mm, fore wing 10.5-12 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Head. Head in frontal view about 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as high; in dorsal view 2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as long, straightly contract behind eye, emarginate posteriorly, about 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as broad as mesonotum (including tegulae). Gena in lateral view about 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as eye; occipital carina present completely, slightly sinuate laterally (Fig. 2C). Posterior ocelli slightly closer to each other than to anterior ocellus; OOL (posterior ocellus-ocular distance):diameter of ocellus:POL (distance between the two posterior ocelli) = 10:4:3. Inner eye margins converging ventrally, about 1.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
further apart at vertex than at clypeus. Clypeus weakly convex, pointed apically, nearly 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than high. Inter-antennal distance slightly shorter than antenna-ocular distance. Antenna about 4.0 mm long, gradually thickened apically; scape slightly curved, about 4.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as its apical width; third article slightly more than 3.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as its apical width, about as long as fourth, fifth and sixth articles combined; terminal article bullet-shaped, about 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as its basal width (Fig. 3A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Mesosoma. Mesosoma robust, in dorsal view about 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide (Fig. 3B). Pronotum in dorsal view broadly and weakly rounded anteriorly, with lateral sides diverging posteriorly in straight lines; ventral corner gradually narrowed (Figs 2C, 3B); pronotal carina raised entirely and sinuate laterally. Scutellum trapezoid, strongly convex. Posterior face of propodeum weakly convex, without median complete furrow, slightly depressed in front of orifice (Fig. 3D).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia parartifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parartifex">Ropalidia parartifex</taxonomicName>
Tan &amp; van Achterberg, sp. n.
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
Female (♀): A Head, frontal view B Head and mesosoma, dorsal view C Right fore wing D Propodeum and first metasomal segment, dorsal view E Second metasomal segment to the end, dorsal view
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–J">F-J</normalizedToken>
Male (♂): F Head, frontal view G Head, dorsal view H Right antenna I Metasomal, latral view J Penis, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Metasoma. First segment elongate, about 3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as high, 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide, weakly widening posteriorly from level slightly anterior to spiracle, widest at two thirds of its length and slightly contracted apically. Profile of second sternite in lateral view curved in anterior two thirds, with second tergite strongly swollen subapically (Fig. 3D, E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Sculpture</pageBreakToken>
. Body covered with fine tomentum except in apical half of clypeus and with sparse setae. Clypeus, front, antero-ventral area of mesopleuron, metapleuron and sides of propodeum with scattered fine punctures; vertex, pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and postero-dorsal area of mesopleuron reticulate-rugose; posterior face of propodeum densely striate; first metasomal tergite shiny, with fine and sparse punctures on anterior half, and dense punctures on its posterior half;
<normalizedToken originalValue="second–sixth">second-sixth</normalizedToken>
metasomal segments dull, with dense punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colour (Fig. 2C). Body black to blackish brown with irregular reddish brown patches on the following parts: upper half of clypeus, ventral part of ocular sinus, gena, pronotum, mesopleuron antero-dorsally and propodeum laterally, but clypeus apically, mandible basally, tegula, propodeum valve and basal narrow part of second metasomal segment yellowish brown; apical half of first metasomal segment reddish brown. Coxa basally with irregular small yellow stripes. Fore wing slightly brown tinged with pterostigma yellowish brown; marginal cell and median cell apically dark brown (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Male (Figs 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–J">F-J</normalizedToken>
). Similar to female but head more transverse, in frontal view about 1.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as high; in dorsal view 3.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as long, directly contracted behind eyes (Figs 3F, G). Antenna with 13 articles, third to terminal articles with slightly raised tyloids (Fig. 3H). Frons, clypeus, mandible, ventral antenna and antero-ventral area of mesopleuron yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 3J): proximal margin of penis gradually contracted in dorsal view and curved slightly into a hook in ventral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The species name is derived from
<normalizedToken originalValue="“para”">&quot;para&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Latin for
<normalizedToken originalValue="“near”">&quot;near&quot;</normalizedToken>
) and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“artifex”">&quot;artifex&quot;</normalizedToken>
, because it is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">China (Yunnan); Thailand.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>