From ed9a750ff81e56f9a8380459956e9c2c49dc3502 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Wed, 28 May 2025 15:58:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-05-28 15:53:39 --- .../C2/07A3C2152469597190C03ED41A9E5695.xml | 394 +++++++++ .../27/2C7027DD0C8B54679B52AD5D66F6BF5C.xml | 760 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 1154 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/07/A3/C2/07A3C2152469597190C03ED41A9E5695.xml create mode 100644 data/2C/70/27/2C7027DD0C8B54679B52AD5D66F6BF5C.xml diff --git a/data/07/A3/C2/07A3C2152469597190C03ED41A9E5695.xml b/data/07/A3/C2/07A3C2152469597190C03ED41A9E5695.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..33224e4c476 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/07/A3/C2/07A3C2152469597190C03ED41A9E5695.xml @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ + + + +Mukaria sakaeratensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), a new species of bamboo leafhopper from Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand + + + +Author + +Piraonapicha, Kanyakorn +0000-0003-3800-8625 +Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand + + + +Author + +Kaewtongkum, Nithina +https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8782-3055 +Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Wang Nam Khieo District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30370, Thailand + + + +Author + +Chomphuphuang, Narin +0000-0003-0738-3879 +Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand + + + +Author + +Kimsawat, Panrak +https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7743-8947 +Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand + + + +Author + +Kumtanom, Kittisak +https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9059-7872 +Department of Integrated Engineering (Intelligent Agricultural Engineering), Faculty of Engineering, Pathumwan Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand + + + +Author + +Samung, Yudthana +0000-0003-4069-4257 +Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-05-28 + + +1239 + + +305 +320 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1239.145803 +65DFD6F3-20D7-477D-A2F2-DBA657911963 + + + + +Genus + +Mukaria +Distant, 1908 + + + + + + + + +Mukaria + +Distant, 1908: 269 +. Type species: + +Mukaria penthimioides +Distant, 1908 + +, by original designation. + + + + + + + + + +Parabolotettix + +Matsumura, 1912: 280 +. Type-species: + +Parabolotettix maculatus +Matsumura, 1912 + +, by original designation. Synonymised by + +Schumacher 1915: 97 + +. + + + + + + + + + +Ikomella + +Ishihara, 1961: 253 +. Type species: + +Ikomella confersa +Ishihara, 1961 + +, by original designation. Synonymised by + +Linnavuori 1979: 985 + +. + + + + + + + + +Description. + + +Revised from +Viraktamath and Webb (2019) +. +Adult. +In full-face view, head broader than long (including eye margins), with upper portion appearing swollen in lateral view; frontoclypeus flat, horizontal, gradually expanding dorsally; clypellus parallel sides, convex, and extends beyond typical curvature of gena; lorum elongated and narrow; antennae originate near the upper corners of the eyes in frontal view, with pedicel visible from dorsal view. Tentorium with anterior arm thin, dorsal arm about as thin and half as long as anterior arm, arising at mid-length. Pronotum convex, with faint transverse rugosity, twice as wide as long medially, about as long as mesonotum, lateral margins carinate, convex anterior margin, slightly concave posterior margin. Mesonotum with faint transverse rugosity and granulose basal triangles. Forewing with separate claval veins, 3 subapical cells, open inner subapical cell, non-confluent veins R +4 + 5 +and M +1 + 2 +. Hind wing with a marginal vein, either complete or discontinuous near apical region. +Male genitalia. +Male pygofer depressed, with setae in distal lower half; posterior margin of tergum IX shallowly U-shaped to receive abdominal segment X, with ventral marginal process variously developed (absent in + +M. omani + +). Subgenital plate with scattered setae on ventral surface and without apical membranous appendage. Style with well-developed lateral lobe, apophysis short, narrowed distally, surface sculptured. Connective and aedeagus fused, arms widely placed, parallel to each other. Aedeagus with two shafts fused in basal 0.2 to 0.5, then divergent, each with processes near apical gonopore. +Female genitalia. +Sternite VII approximately as long as VI, concave posterior margin. Valvula I more or less straight, strigate to concatenate (with sculpturing elements or scales fused to one another), or imbricate (with overlapping scales) ventrally at 1 +st +valvula apex, occupying slightly less than 0.5 distally, strigae oblique. In lateral view, valvula II almost straight, toothed area not preceded by either hyaline area or prominent tooth, occupying distal 0.5; tooth prominent, well separated from each other, without secondary dentition. + + + + + +Species and distribution of + +Mukaria + +. + + + + +M. albinotata +Cai & Ge, 1996 + +: +China +( +Cai and Ge 1996 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +) + + + +M. creagra +Zhao, Luo & Chen, 2024 + +: +China +( +Zhao et al. 2024 +) + + + +M. confersa +( +Ishihara, 1961 +) + +: +Thailand +( +Ishihara 1961 +, +Yang and Chen 2011 +) + + + +M. flavida +Cai & Ge, 1996 + +: +China +( +Cai and Ge 1996 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +) + + + +M. hainanensis +Yao, Yang & Chen, 2019 + +: +China +( +Yao et al. 2019 +) + + + +M. lii +Yang & Chen, 2011 + +: +China +( +Yang and Chen 2011 +) + + + +M. maculata +( +Matsumura, 1912 +) + +: +China +, +Japan +and +Indonesia +( +Matsumura 1912 +; +Hayashi 1996 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +); + + + +M. nigra +Kuoh & Kuoh, 1983 + +: +China +( +Yang and Chen 2011 +) + + + +M. omani +Viraktamath & Webb, 2019 + +: +India +( +Viraktamath and Webb 2019 +) + + + +M. penthimioides +Distant, 1908 + +: +Sri Lanka +and +India +( +Distant 1908 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +, +Viraktamath and Webb 2019 +) + + + +M. splendida +Distant, 1908 + +: +Bangladesh +, +India +and +Pakistan +( +Distant 1908 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +, +Viraktamath and Webb 2019 +, +Ramaiah et al. 2023 +) + + + +M. striola +Zhao, Luo & Chen, 2024 + +: +China +( +Zhao et al. 2024 +) + + + +M. vakra +Viraktamath & Webb, 2019 + +: +India +( +Viraktamath and Webb 2019 +) + + + +M. variabilis +Evans, 1973 + +: +Indonesia +(New +Guinea +) ( +Evans 1973 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +) + + + +M. zonata +Hayashi, 1996 + +: +Japan +( +Hayashi 1996 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +) + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/2C/70/27/2C7027DD0C8B54679B52AD5D66F6BF5C.xml b/data/2C/70/27/2C7027DD0C8B54679B52AD5D66F6BF5C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c417332c87f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/2C/70/27/2C7027DD0C8B54679B52AD5D66F6BF5C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,760 @@ + + + +Mukaria sakaeratensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), a new species of bamboo leafhopper from Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand + + + +Author + +Piraonapicha, Kanyakorn +0000-0003-3800-8625 +Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand + + + +Author + +Kaewtongkum, Nithina +https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8782-3055 +Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Wang Nam Khieo District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30370, Thailand + + + +Author + +Chomphuphuang, Narin +0000-0003-0738-3879 +Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand + + + +Author + +Kimsawat, Panrak +https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7743-8947 +Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand + + + +Author + +Kumtanom, Kittisak +https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9059-7872 +Department of Integrated Engineering (Intelligent Agricultural Engineering), Faculty of Engineering, Pathumwan Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand + + + +Author + +Samung, Yudthana +0000-0003-4069-4257 +Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2025 + +2025-05-28 + + +1239 + + +305 +320 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1239.145803 +65DFD6F3-20D7-477D-A2F2-DBA657911963 + + + + + +Mukaria sakaeratensis +Piraonapicha & Chomphuphuang + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 +, +4 +, +5 +, +6 + + + + +Type material examined. + + + +Thailand +. + + +Holotype + +• +One male +, +Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve +, +Udomsub Sub-District +, +Wang Nam Khiao District +, +Nakhon Ratchasima Province +, +Thailand +, + +14°30'33.7"N +, +101°56'23.4"E + +, + +326 m +a. s. l. + +, + +10.VI.2024 + +, +N. Kaewtongkum +leg. ( + +QSBG +-2024-0046-0001 + +) + + +; + + +Paratypes + +• +10 males +, same date, locality, and collector as holotype ( + +QSBG +-2024-0046-0002 + +to + +QSBG +-2024-0046-0011 + +) + +• + +10 female +, same date, locality and collector as holotype ( + +QSBG +-2024-0046-0012 + +to + +QSBG +-2024-0046-0021 + +) + +• + +10 males +, same date, locality, and collector as holotype ( + +KKU +-AG-I-0001 + +to + +KKU +-AG-I-0010 + +) + +• + +10 female +, same date, locality and collector as holotype ( + +KKU +-AG-I-0011 + +to + +KKU +-AG-I-0020 + +) + +• + +5 males +, same date, locality, and collector as holotype ( + +SERS +-I-H-2024-0001 + +to +SBR-I-H-2024-0005 +) + +• + +5 female +, same date, locality and collector as holotype ( + +SERS +-I-H-2024 + +-0001 to +SBR-I-H-2024-0010 +) + +• + +5 males +, same date, locality, and collector as holotype ( + +THNHM +-I-00030082 + +to + +THNHM +-I-00030086 + +) + +• + +5 females +, same date, locality, and collector as holotype ( + +THNHM +-I-00030087 + +to + +THNHM +-I-00030091 + +) + +. + + + + +Description. + + + +Measurements. +Male. + +Body length (including tegmen) 2.92 ± +0.12 mm +( +N += 10); head widths 0.87 ± +0.02 mm +( +N += 10). +Female. +Body length (including tegmen) 3.07 ± +0.11 mm +( +N += 10); head widths 0.92 ± +0.03 mm +( +N += 7). + + + +Coloration. +Male. + +Head (excluding eyes) entirely black in dorsal view, postclypeus dark brown with median area brown; lorum and gena dark brown; pronotum and scutellum dark brown; forewing dark brown, apical 1 / 4 with brown, yellow spot at mid-length extending to lateral margin of pronotum, oblique spot on costa, subtriangular spot near outer apical cell, small yellow spot near ScP + RA, hindwing brown, hyaline; wing veins brown; coxa and trochanter of all legs dark brown, femur, tibia and tarsi of fore and middle leg yellow; femur and tibia of hindleg brown, apex of tibia dark brown; basal half of 1 segmented tarsi segment pale brown, apical half dark brown, 2 segmented of tarsi pale brown, 3 segmented of tarsi and claw dark brown. +Female. +Similar to male. + + +Male genitalia. +In lateral view, male pygofer subtriangular, approximately twice as length as high. In ventral view, valve subtriangular and wider than long and with anterior margin slightly concave and posterior margin produced medially. In ventral view, subgenital plate subrounded, with subtriangular shaped apex, inner margin roundly convex, outer margin almost straight, slightly concave near apex, basal part of subgenital plate with approximately 12 long setae, and distal part with 9–13 long setae. Style, slightly wider at base with lateral process, preapical lobe rectangular, strongly concave near apex. Apex of style digitiform and curved outward. Connective Y shaped, stem as long as arms. Aedeagus with a pair of arcuate laterobasal processes, nearly 1 / 3 as long as aedeagal shaft, and aedeagal shaft abruptly narrowed and curved inward in distal half, half portion in ventral view with a pair of spines pointed anteriorly. In lateral view, near apex of aedeagus with strong subtriangular lobe pointed anteriorly (Fig. +5 +). + + + + + + +Deciduous dipterocarp forests, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, where the specimens of + +Mukaria sakaeratensis +Piraonapicha & Chomphuphuang + +, +sp. nov. +were collected. + + + +Female genitalia. +Female sternite VII subrectangular, approximately 2 times longer than wide, with pair subtriangular lobes at apex, outer margin convex and strongly emarginate in middle. Valvula I almost straight. Valvula II similar to valvula I, but 1 / 3 - part upper margin serrate. Pygofer spinose in posterior half, ovipositor not exceeding pygofer (Fig. +6 +). + + + + +Distribution. + + +Thailand +( +Nakhon Ratchasima Province +) (Fig. +2 +). + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific epithet ‘ +sakaeratensis +’ refers to the type locality. + + + + +Habitat. + + +The bamboo species + +Vietnamosasa pusilla +(A. Chev. & A. Camus) T. Q. Nguyen + +has been identified as the host plant for + +Mukaria sakaeratensis + +sp. nov. +, a newly described species of bamboo-feeding leafhopper discovered in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, +Thailand +. This finding marks the first documented ecological relationship between the bamboo genus + +Vietnamosasa + +and members of the tribe +Mukariini +( +Hemiptera +: +Cicadellidae +: +Deltocephalinae +), which are specialized herbivores feeding exclusively on bamboos. The genus + +Vietnamosasa + +comprises sympodial bamboos found in Southeast Asia, including +Thailand +, +Cambodia +, +Laos +, and +Vietnam +. + +Vietnamosasa pusilla + +, commonly found in dry dipterocarp forests, is characterized by its small size and adaptation to fire-prone environments. During the collection of the new species of + +Mukaria + +, the plant height, measured from the base of the stem (at the soil surface) to the tallest part of the plant, was approximately +70–90 cm +. + + + + + +Map showing Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand; black spot = sampling locality. + + + + +DNA barcode data. + + +In this study, genetic distances were calculated for the cytochrome +c +oxidase subunit I (COI) gene across several + +Mukaria +species. + +The intraspecific genetic distances ranged from 0.10 % to 0.20 %, indicating relatively low genetic variation within individual species. When comparing between species, the interspecific genetic distances varied considerably, with the highest value of 23.71 % observed between + +M. bambusana + +and + +M. maculata + +(2). Conversely, the lowest interspecific genetic distance was 12.07 %, found between + +M. sakaeratensis + +sp. nov. +and + +M. splendida + +(Fig. +7 +). These analyses revealed a clear barcoding gap ( +K 2 P +) of 0.20–12.07 % for the COI gene in + +Mukaria + +, demonstrating that this gene region effectively discriminates between different species within this genus while maintaining consistency within species. This substantial genetic differentiation supports the taxonomic distinctiveness of these + +Mukaria + +species, particularly the newly described + +M. sakaeratensis + +. In the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, as well as the + +ABGD + +and + +ASAP + +methods, the new species was clearly distinct from other species included in the analysis (Fig. +8 +). Based on the COI phylogenetic tree, the new species was found in Indochina, while its closely related species, + +M. maculata + +, has been reported in +Japan +, Indochina, and Sundaland ( +Matsumura 1912 +; +Hayashi 1996 +; +Yang and Chen 2011 +). The phylogenetic analysis revealed strong branch support for the distinctiveness of the new species, highlighting its divergence from other species within the genus. Geographic distribution patterns indicate that most species of + +Mukaria + +have limited ranges, except for + +M. maculata + +, which exhibits a broader distribution across multiple biogeographic regions. This wide range suggests potential cryptic diversity within + +M. maculata + +, warranting further examination to determine whether populations from different regions represent distinct species. Additionally, the barcoding gap ( +K 2 P +) observed in genetic distance analyses underscores the utility of COI for distinguishing species within + +Mukaria + +. These findings provide valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic structure of this genus. + + + + + + + +Mukaria sakaeratensis +Piraonapicha & Chomphuphuang + +, +sp. nov. +, male. +A – F +(male) +G – L +(female): +A, C, G, I, J +dorsal view +B, H +lateral view +C, I +head in dorsal view, +D, J +face +E, K +forewing in dorsal view +F, L +hindwing in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. + + + + + + + + +Mukaria sakaeratensis +Piraonapicha & Chomphuphuang + +, +sp. nov. +, living female, dorsolateral view. + + + + + +Remarks. + + +The genus + +Mukaria + +is distributed in the southeastern Palaearctic, Oriental and Oceanic regions. Three species were reported in Southeast Asia, i. e., + +M. confersa + +, + +M. maculata + +and + +M. variabilis + +. Prior to this study, there was a long gap of 63 years during which no new species of the genus were reported from +Thailand +. +Ishihara (1961) +reported a female of + +M. confersa + +from the northern region ( +Chiang Mai Province +) of the country. The female of + +M. confersa + +differs from new species by 1) forewing apex black or varying degrees of brown, rest of wing and portion of disc of face light colored; and 2) light color spot on upper part (R-vein) of fore wing was connected with spot on lower part (M-vein) (see fig. +88 in +Ishihara, 1961 +). The wing color and shape of the style of the new species is similar to + +M. maculata + +(see plate I, fig. +3 in +Qiang et al. 2017 +), + +M. splendida + +(see fig. 3 a in +Viraktamath and Webb 2019 +; fig. +2 g +in +Ramaiah et al. 2023 +). The new species can be distinguished from the closely related + +M. maculata + +by the following characteristics: 1) hook-shaped (curved-inward) of apex male aedeagus (Y-shaped of apex male aedeagus in + +M. maculata + +); 2) having a pair of spines pointed anteriorly at middle portion of male aedeagus on inner margin of arms (absent in + +M. maculata + +); and 3) length of middle area of male aedeagus as long as arms (length of middle area of male aedeagus shorter than arms in + +M. maculata + +). Based on the results from the phylogenetic and species delimitation analysis of the COI gene (Fig. +8 +), + +Mukaria maculata + +specimens ( + +MG 736688 + +, + +MG 736689 + +, + +MG 736690 + +) and + +Mukaria maculata + +( + +MG 736687 + +) are placed into different clades in the phylogenetic analysis. The divergence seen in the phylogenetic tree might be due to taxonomic misidentification or inaccuracies in determining that both groups belong to + +M. maculata + +. These clades should be re-examined using detailed morphological, ecological, and genetic data to confirm their taxonomic assignment to + +M. maculata + +. + + + + + + + +Mukaria sakaeratensis +Piraonapicha & Chomphuphuang + +, +sp. nov. +, male, +A – C +genital capsule, ventral view ( +A +), dorsal view ( +B +), lateral view ( +C +), +D +valve and subgenital plate in ventral view +E – G +style, connective and aedeagus, ventral view ( +E +) dorsal view ( +F +) lateral view ( +G +). Scale bars: 0.2 mm ( +A – C +), 0.1 mm ( +E – G +). + + + + + + + + +Mukaria sakaeratensis +Piraonapicha & Chomphuphuang + +, +sp. nov. +, female genitalia, +A, B +genital capsule ( +A +), lateral view ( +B +), ventral view, +C +sternite VII +D +valvula I apex magnified in lateral view +E +valvula I in lateral view +F +valvula II, apex magnified in lateral view +G +valvula II in lateral view. + + + + + + + +Heat map for percentage of intra- and interspecific genetic distances for + +Mukaria + +as determined by the Kimura 2 - parameter model in COI gene. + + + + + + + +Molecular species delimitation of + +Mukaria + +using maximum likelihood and partial COI sequences. The tree was inferred from 592 base pairs of six species of + +Mukaria + +and one species of + +Deltocephalus + +as the outgroup. Nodal support values are bootstrap values (percentage of 1000 replicates). Node numbers represent two support values: bootstrap support from RAxML and posterior probability from Bayesian inference. The bars illustrate molecular delimitation methods, encompassing genetic distances ( +ABGD +, +ASAP +). Scale bar indicates 0.050 nucleotide substitutions. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file