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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.42.33962" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0eb903c7-ff28-410b-ad99-931c5936a256" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224728" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-1-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B6D05C30AB1152D8977D545787E77BFD" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240756" ID-ZooBank="8BCC2D52AE9F430A8C55BFF440796885" ModsDocID="2367-5365-42-1-49" checkinTime="1621375574937" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Koster, Sjaak J. C., Baldizzone, Giorgio, Deutsch, Helmut, Huemer, Peter & van Nieukerken, Erik J." docDate="2019" docId="3058F012247A7FABCAB0A7DAEBB20BD0" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 42(1): 49-61" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 42 (1)" docPubDate="2019-05-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.42.33962" docTitle="Cosmopterix feminella Sinev 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="B6D05C30AB1152D8977D545787E77BFD" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="B6D05C30AB1152D8977D545787E77BFD" masterDocTitle="The Eastern Palaearctic Cosmopterix feminella Sinev, 1988, introduced in Italy: taxonomy, biology and a new synonymy (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1643453361888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>The Eastern Palaearctic Cosmopterix feminella Sinev, 1988, introduced in Italy: taxonomy, biology and a new synonymy (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Koster, Sjaak J. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; sjaak. koster @ naturalis. nl, nieukerken @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sjaak.koster@planet.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Baldizzone, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Via Manzoni, 24, IT- 14100 Asti, Italy; baldizzonegiorgio @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Deutsch, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bannberg 22, AT- 9911 Assling, Austria; deutsch. h @ gmx. at</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft m. b. H., Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Krajnc-Strasse 1, AT- 6060 Hall, Austria; p. huemer @ tiroler-landesmuseen. at</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>van Nieukerken, Erik J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; sjaak. koster @ naturalis. nl, nieukerken @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2019-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>42</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2367-5365-1-49</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3058F012247A7FABCAB0A7DAEBB20BD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3058F012247A7FABCAB0A7DAEBB20BD0" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Sinev, 1988" authorityName="Sinev" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">Cosmopterix feminella Sinev, 1988</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cosmopterix feminella, female habitus, Asti, Cascine Bet, 12. vi. 2016, RMNH. INS. 15509. Scale bar: 2 mm. Photo J. C. Koster." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305389" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cosmopterix feminella, female genitalia. 2 a. ventral aspect, genitalia slide JCK 8673; 2 b. sterigma enlarged, in ventral view, genitalia slide JCK 8673; 2 c. sterigma enlarged in lateral view, genitalia slide JCK 8674. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Drawings J. C. Koster." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305390" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3, 4" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3, 4. Collecting sites of Cosmopterix feminella in Italy. 3. Asti, Cascine Bet. Photo G. Baldizzone; 4. Udine, Medeuzza, Confl. Torrente Torre-Natisone. Photo H. Deutsch." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figures3-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305391" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 5. Map of collecting localities of Cosmopterix feminella in Italy." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305392" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinev" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">Cosmopterix feminella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sinev, 1988: 709. Holotype ♀, Russia: Primorskiy Kray, Khasanskiy district, 3 km southeast Andreyevka, 5.viii.1985, Sinev (Coll. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg) [examined].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">Cosmopterix feminae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kuroko, 2015: 48. Holotype ♀, Japan: Mt. Hikosan, Fukuoka Pref., 26.vii.1955, reared from
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1827" class="Bivalvia" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Digitaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Digitaria violascens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="violascens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Digitaria violascens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Kuroko. (Coll. Entomological Laboratory, Osaka Prefecture University).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Syn. n.</emphasis>
|
||||
[not examined].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" country="Italy" location="Italy" specimenCount="58" specimenCount-female="58">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">58♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
. See Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Localities and material of Cosmopterix feminella in Italy. More details in Suppl. material 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A1C55ADCD0924CB97D9CF1D740E9CE08" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="A1C55ADCD0924CB97D9CF1D740E9CE08">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
and Suppl. material 1
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
In Europe
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. crassicervicella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicervicella">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. crassicervicella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. attenuatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenuatella">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. attenuatella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The latter species occurs in Europe only in the Macaronesian Archipelago. It differs from both by the narrower forewings, which are ten times as long as wide compared to eight times in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. crassicervicella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicervicella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. crassicervicella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In the forewing
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from both other species by the absence of a white costal line in the basal area and by the absence of the apical protrusion of the orange-yellow fascia, and in the abdomen by the uniform ochreous-brown dorsal coloration. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. attenuatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenuatella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. attenuatella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the abdomen is dorsally more or less spotted orange-brown and in
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. crassicervicella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicervicella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. crassicervicella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the abdominal segments two to six are dorsally orange-yellow. The female genitalia of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognised by the large central hump on the posterior edge of sternite VII, by the distally hood-shaped sterigma and by the small but prominent crescent-shaped signa.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
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Female (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cosmopterix feminella, female habitus, Asti, Cascine Bet, 12. vi. 2016, RMNH. INS. 15509. Scale bar: 2 mm. Photo J. C. Koster." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305389" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Forewing length 3.9-4.1 mm. Head: frons shining grey with greenish and reddish reflections; vertex and neck tufts shining dark brown with reddish gloss, medially and laterally narrowly lined white; collar shining dark brown with reddish gloss; labial palpus, first segment very short, grey, second segment four-fifths length of third, both segments dark brown, dorsally and ventrally lined white. Antenna: scape dorsally shining brown with reddish gloss and white anterior line, ventrally shining white; flagellum shining dark brown with short white line from base, changing in annulated white line to one-half, followed towards apex by four to five dark brown, one white, one dark brown, one white, four dark brown and three to four white segments at apex, sometimes apical segment grey to dark brown. Thorax and tegulae shining dark brown with reddish gloss, thorax with white medial line, often widening posteriorly, tegulae narrowly lined white inwardly. Legs: shining dark brown with reddish gloss; foreleg with white line on tibia and tarsal segments one to three and five; tibia of midleg with white oblique basal and medial lines and white apical ring, tarsal segments one and two with greyish white apical rings, tarsal segment five white; tibia of hindleg as midleg, tarsal segments one to four with narrow white apical rings, segment five dorsally white; spurs shining white, ventrally more grey. Forewing shining dark brown with reddish gloss; four white lines in basal area, subcostal from base to one-fourth and bending inwardly in distal half, short medial from one-fifth to just beyond subcostal, subdorsal underneath medial, about as long as medial or reaching slightly beyond it, very narrow dorsal from base to one-fifth, sometimes hardly visible; bright orange-yellow transverse fascia beyond mid length, narrowing in dorsal half; bordered at inner edge by broad tubercular golden metallic fascia, narrowing towards costa and with small subcostal patch of black scales on outside; bordered on outer edge by two tubercular golden metallic spots at costa and dorsum, dorsal about twice as large and nearer to base, costal and dorsal spots inwardly edged by few blackish scales; rather broad greyish white costal streak, inwardly edged dark grey; longitudinal silvery white spot in middle of apical area and shining white line in apical cilia; cilia dark brown around apex, paler towards dorsum. Hindwing shining brownish grey with reddish and greenish gloss; cilia dark greyish brown. Underside: forewing shining greyish brown, white costal and apical line distinctly visible; hindwing shining grey. Abdomen dorsally shining ochreous-brown with reddish golden gloss, laterally shining grey, ventrally shining grey, segments broadly banded white posteriorly; anal tuft dorsally ochreous-brown, ventrally blackish brown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305389" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinev" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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, female habitus, Asti, Cascine Bet, 12.vi.2016, RMNH.INS.15509. Scale bar: 2 mm. Photo J.C. Koster.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male genitalia. Male unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
Female genitalia (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cosmopterix feminella, female genitalia. 2 a. ventral aspect, genitalia slide JCK 8673; 2 b. sterigma enlarged, in ventral view, genitalia slide JCK 8673; 2 c. sterigma enlarged in lateral view, genitalia slide JCK 8674. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Drawings J. C. Koster." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305390" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2a-c</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Posterior edge of sternite VII deeply concave with very large convex hump in centre. Sterigma elongated, distally hood-shaped, ostium bursae rounded, basally V-shaped with rounded labiate extension. Ductus bursae narrow, slightly shorter to about as long as corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis from upper part of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae elongate, two small, crescent-shaped signa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305390" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinev" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, female genitalia.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
. ventral aspect, genitalia slide JCK8673;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2b</emphasis>
|
||||
. sterigma enlarged, in ventral view, genitalia slide JCK 8673;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">2c</emphasis>
|
||||
. sterigma enlarged in lateral view, genitalia slide JCK 8674. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Drawings J.C. Koster.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
The biology has been described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuroko, H" journalOrPublisher="Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, The Insects of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 162" refId="B12" refString="Kuroko, H, 2015. The genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae). Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, The Insects of Japan 5: 1 - 162" title="The genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)." volume="5" year="2015">Kuroko (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), from which we cite the following. Host plants:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Digitaria ciliaris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ciliaris">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Digitaria ciliaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Retz.) Koeler and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="D." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="D. violascens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="violascens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D. violascens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Link (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="D." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Larva (last instar): head blackish brown, body cylindrical, pale yellow, prothoracic shield and anal plate black, prothoracic legs blackish brown. The larva mines the leaves and makes an irregular blotch mine from near the base towards the apex of the leaf. The frass is ejected from a hole at the beginning of the mine. The larva changes leaves to make more than one mine. Pupation takes place outside the mine in a spindle-shaped whitish brown cocoon in a folded space on a leaf. In Japan (Kyushu: Mt. Hikosan) up to four generations per year occur. The larva of the last generation hibernates full grown and pupates in the middle of May the following year. The adults are on the wing in late May, in late July, from mid-August to mid-September and in late October. The European specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were collected in the months June, August, September and October.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
Russia: Primorskiy Territory, Japan: Honshu and Kyushu, Italy: Piemonte and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 5. Map of collecting localities of Cosmopterix feminella in Italy." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305392" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figures3-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305391" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figures 3, 4" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figures 3, 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Collecting sites of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinev" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Italy.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Asti, Cascine Bet. Photo G. Baldizzone;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">4</emphasis>
|
||||
. Udine, Medeuzza, Confl. Torrente Torre-Natisone. Photo H. Deutsch.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305392" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 5" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Map of collecting localities of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinev" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Italy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="dna barcodes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
We obtained completely identical DNA barcodes from six specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Italy, all belonging to the new Barcode Index Number BOLD:ADG7284, and with a distance of 5.8% to the nearest neighbour, an unidentified
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species from Madagascar with BIN BOLD:ACT2622 (specimen BIOUG18998-F03). This specimen was collected with a Malaise trap and therefore its external morphology is poorly preserved (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0065" author="Lopez-Vaamonde, C" journalOrPublisher="BioRisk" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B14" refString="Lopez-Vaamonde, C, Sire, L, Rasmussen, B, Rougerie, R, Wieser, C, Allaoui, AA, Minet, J, deWaard, JR, Decaens, T, Lees, DC, 2018. DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar. Genome. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0065" title="DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar. Genome." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0065" year="2018">Lopez-Vaamonde et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Unfortunately no barcodes are yet known from the Asian populations. The distance to barcodes of European species is larger, the smallest being 6.1% to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. scribaiella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scribaiella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. scribaiella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Zeller, 1850) (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 6. Neighbor Joining tree of DNA barcodes of European Cosmopterix species." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305393" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.42.33962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305393" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 6" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Neighbor Joining tree of DNA barcodes of European
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sinev" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been described on the basis of four females, caught between 25 July and 15 August in Primorskiy Kray, in the south-east of the Russian Far East.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
In his study on the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of Japan,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kuroko, H" journalOrPublisher="Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, The Insects of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 162" refId="B12" refString="Kuroko, H, 2015. The genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae). Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, The Insects of Japan 5: 1 - 162" title="The genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)." volume="5" year="2015">Kuroko (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a new species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on reared females only, and compared it with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Russia, of which also only females were known. His conclusion was that the Japanese species shows sufficient differences to describe it as a new species, based on the following features: the apical segment of the antenna is black in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; but white in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; in the forewing the subcostal line starts from the base of the wing in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is not the case in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; in the female genitalia the sterigma (lamella antevaginalis) lacks the tongue-shaped extension at the top as seen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; the ductus bursae is about half the length of the corpus bursae in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
instead of nearly the same length in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Cosmopterix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cosmopterix feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Cosmopterix feminae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is here synonymized with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for the following reasons: In the European series from Italy the apical segment of the antenna is white in 12 specimens, but it is dark grey in two specimens and black in one specimen, thus this character is apparently not constant. According to the original description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminella">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the subcostal line also starts from the base of the forewing.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sinev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="705 - 712" refId="B22" refString="Sinev, SY, 1988. Novye dannye po faune Uzkokrylykh Molej roda Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) palearktiki. New data on the palaearctic fauna of the narrow-winged moths of the genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 705 - 712" title="Novye dannye po faune Uzkokrylykh Molej roda Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) palearktiki. New data on the palaearctic fauna of the narrow-winged moths of the genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)." volume="67" year="1988">Sinev (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a drawing of the forewing in which the subcostal line does not reach the base of the wing. Actually it does start from the wing base, but the curve of the wing margin hides this when seen from above, as in the figure. Probably this has convinced Kuroko that this line starts beyond the base of the wing. As
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sinev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="705 - 712" refId="B22" refString="Sinev, SY, 1988. Novye dannye po faune Uzkokrylykh Molej roda Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) palearktiki. New data on the palaearctic fauna of the narrow-winged moths of the genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 705 - 712" title="Novye dannye po faune Uzkokrylykh Molej roda Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) palearktiki. New data on the palaearctic fauna of the narrow-winged moths of the genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)." volume="67" year="1988">Sinev (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
mentioned, the tongue-shaped extension at the top of the sterigma (lamella antevaginalis), belongs to the hood-shape form of the sterigma. When the sterigma is embedded on the genitalia slide in ventral position, the so-called tongue-shaped extension can be caused by pressure on the cover slip. Kuroko (2018) described the length of the ductus bursae as about half the length of the corpus bursae, however, in his drawing (Plate 21, fig. H) the length of the ductus bursae is only slightly shorter than the length of the corpus bursae and equal in length to the length of the ductus bursae compared to the corpus bursae in the drawing by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sinev, SY" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" pagination="705 - 712" refId="B22" refString="Sinev, SY, 1988. Novye dannye po faune Uzkokrylykh Molej roda Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) palearktiki. New data on the palaearctic fauna of the narrow-winged moths of the genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 67: 705 - 712" title="Novye dannye po faune Uzkokrylykh Molej roda Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) palearktiki. New data on the palaearctic fauna of the narrow-winged moths of the genus Cosmopterix (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)." volume="67" year="1988">Sinev (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 2, below in centre). The above differences are thus considered insufficient to regard
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="C." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. feminae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feminae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C. feminae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a separate species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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