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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.76879" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e4cacb6-667c-4d53-bb24-bbe3dda3aff5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193849764" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="193C81F3CDB558F19D2BEAE9946F99B4" ID-ZooBank="76DA21E223E64873847890B633C48A30" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3228B2D2-6F14-4E8C-B82D-EA9FC5992731" ModsDocID="2535-0730-6-1-35" checkinTime="1646131393254" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brito, Jorge, Koch, Claudia, Tinoco, Nicolas &amp; Pardinas, Ulyses F. J." docDate="2022" docId="83B527DA224B50F596B358D203E55DC1" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 6(1): 35-55" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 6 (1)" docPubDate="2022-02-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.76879" docTitle="Mindomys kutuku Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3228B2D2-6F14-4E8C-B82D-EA9FC5992731" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="193C81F3CDB558F19D2BEAE9946F99B4" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="193C81F3CDB558F19D2BEAE9946F99B4" masterDocTitle="A new species of Mindomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) with remarks on external traits as indicators of arboreality in sigmodontine rodents" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1646135596838" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Mindomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) with remarks on external traits as indicators of arboreality in sigmodontine rodents</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brito, Jorge</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-6669</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jorgeyakuma@yahoo.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Koch, Claudia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-2816</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change / ZFMK, Museum Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tinoco, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Seccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Zoologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pardinas, Ulyses F. J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-5433</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Instituto de Diversidad y Evolucion Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-02-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>6</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>35</mods:start>
<mods:end>55</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.76879</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.76879</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-1-35</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">76DA21E223E64873847890B633C48A30</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">193C81F3CDB558F19D2BEAE9946F99B4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193849764" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3228B2D2-6F14-4E8C-B82D-EA9FC5992731" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/83B527DA224B50F596B358D203E55DC1" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3228B2D2-6F14-4E8C-B82D-EA9FC5992731" authority="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas, 2022" authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku" status="sp. nov.">Mindomys kutuku</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
MECN 5809 (field number JBM 1849, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. based on micro-CT data of the holotype (MECN 5809; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador): cranium in dorsal, ventral, and lateral view, and left hemimandible in labial view. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651814" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4</figureCitation>
), an adult male specimen preserved as skull, partial postcranial skeleton, and skin in good condition; collected by Jorge Brito, Jenny Curay and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rubí">Rubi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
on 11 September, 2017.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651814" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. based on micro-CT data of the holotype (MECN 5809; Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador): cranium in dorsal, ventral, and lateral view, and left hemimandible in labial view. Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
(-
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.78444" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-2.78444">2.78444°S</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.140000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.14">78.140000°W</geoCoordinate>
, [coordinates taken by GPS at the trapsite], elevation 1,925 m), Parroquia Patuca,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
, Provincia Morona Santiago,
<normalizedToken originalValue="República">Republica</normalizedToken>
del Ecuador (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known recorded localities for Mindomys hammondi, Ecuador (in triangles): 1. Reserva Dracula (Brito et al. 2021); 2. Alto Tambo, Esmeraldas (Pinto et al. 2018); 3. Saloya (probably the provenance of the specimen housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, under the number MCZ 52688); 4. Mindo (type locality; Thomas 1913); star = Cordillera de Kutuku, type locality of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651815" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651815" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Known recorded localities for
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys hammondi" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys hammondi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Ecuador (in triangles):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">1.</emphasis>
Reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drácula">Dracula</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e65875" author="Brito, J" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biology and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="397 - 410" refId="B6" refString="Brito, J, Tinoco, N, Curay, J, Pardinas, UFJ, 2021. New morphological data on the rare sigmodontine Mindomys hammondi (Rodentia, Cricetidae), an arboreal oryzomyine from north-western Andean montane forests. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16: 397 - 410, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e65875" title="New morphological data on the rare sigmodontine Mindomys hammondi (Rodentia, Cricetidae), an arboreal oryzomyine from north-western Andean montane forests." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e65875" volume="16" year="2021">Brito et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">2.</emphasis>
Alto Tambo, Esmeraldas (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-18–430" author="Pinto, CM" journalOrPublisher="Therya" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="15 - 27" refId="B56" refString="Pinto, CM, Ojala-Barbour, R, Brito, J, Menchaca, A, Carvalho, ALG, Weksler, M, Amato, G, Lee Jr, TE, 2018. Rodents of the eastern and western slopes of the Tropical Andes: phylogenetic and taxonomic insights using DNA barcodes. Therya 9: 15 - 27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-18-430" title="Rodents of the eastern and western slopes of the Tropical Andes: phylogenetic and taxonomic insights using DNA barcodes." url="https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-18–430" volume="9" year="2018">Pinto et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">3.</emphasis>
Saloya (probably the provenance of the specimen housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, under the number MCZ 52688);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4.</emphasis>
Mindo (type locality;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931308693443" author="Thomas, O" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="567 - 574" refId="B70" refString="Thomas, O, 1913. New mammals from South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12: 567 - 574, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931308693443" title="New mammals from South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931308693443" volume="12" year="1913">Thomas 1913</bibRefCitation>
); star = Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
, type locality of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
A species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weksler, Percequillo &amp; Voss" authorityYear="2006" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
smaller than
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. hammondi" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M. hammondi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with opisthodont upper incisors; zygomatic notch very shallow; zygomatic plate moderately narrow and almost without upper free border; zygomatic plate frontally directed; posterior margin of the zygomatic plate anterior to M1; interorbital constriction moderately posterior and narrow; molars of absolute larger size comparatively to the skull, large jugal fully separating maxillary and squamosal portions of the zygomatic arch; hamular process of pterygoid large; alisphenoid strut present; parietal lateral
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wing”">&quot;wing&quot;</normalizedToken>
reaching the zygomatic root; otic capsule medium in size; undefined hamular process of the squamosal; paraoccipital process small; well-exposed petrosal; caudally directed foramen magnum; minute Hill foramen; long incisive foramen; inferior ridge of the masseteric crest not concealing the lower margin of the dentary; lateral view of m3 not hidden by the ascending ramus; angular process of the dentary shorter than condyle; M1 broad, with anterior stylar shelf, anteroposteriorly compressed procingulum and defined anterolingual conule; M1 paracone and metacone transversally compressed; M1 accessory root present; M2 mesofosette rounded; M3 posterior lobe transversally compressed with closed metaflexus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Morphological description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Dorsal fur dark reddish-brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External aspect of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov., in its natural habitat (painted by Glenda Pozo)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651816" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">6</figureCitation>
); flanks similar to dorsum; ventral pelage pale yellow; yellowish and reddish at the edges of the gular region (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. (MECN 5809, holotype; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador): external aspect based on museum skin in dorsal (a), ventral (b), and lateral (c) view. Scale bar: 50 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651817" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">7</figureCitation>
). Mystacial vibrissae abundant and long, some extending posteriorly beyond shoulder when laid back against cheeks; relatively small but visible pinnae on the fur of the head, naked in appearance but covered with abundant short reddish hairs. Upper side of the front and hind feet abundantly covered with brown hairs, digits covered with short, whitish hairs; the ends are each covered with a few silver hairs which protrude slightly beyond the tip of the claws; ventral surface of manus naked, with five fleshy tubercles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Cheiridia appearance in Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. (a, c, e, g MECN 5809, holotype; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador), and M. hammondi (b, d, f, h MECN 6228, Reserva Dracula, Ecuador): Right hind foot, plantar view (a, b); Right hind foot, dorsal view (c, d); Right fore foot, plantar view (e, f); Right fore foot, dorsal view (g, h). Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651818" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">8</figureCitation>
); claws short, recurved, basally opened, except for pollex which bears a nail; pes moderately short and wide, with outer digits (1 and 5) shorter than middle three (claw of d1 extending to start of second phalange of d2, claw of d5 extending to start of second phalange of d4); plantar surface naked with six pads (2 metatarsal and 4 interdigital). Tail long (about 130% of head and body length) and unicolored (dark above and below), covered with long and hirsute hairs, which can extend up to four scales, however the hairs are sparse and give a naked appearance; tip of tail has a 5 mm tuft of hair (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. (MECN 5809, holotype; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador): external aspect based on museum skin in dorsal (a), ventral (b), and lateral (c) view. Scale bar: 50 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651817" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651816" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 6.</emphasis>
External aspect of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., in its natural habitat (painted by Glenda Pozo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651817" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (MECN 5809, holotype; Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador): external aspect based on museum skin in dorsal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">b</emphasis>
), and lateral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">c</emphasis>
) view. Scale bar: 50 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651818" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Cheiridia appearance in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a, c, e, g</emphasis>
MECN 5809, holotype; Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador), and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. hammondi" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M. hammondi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">b, d, f, h</emphasis>
MECN 6228, Reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drácula">Dracula</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador): Right hind foot, plantar view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a, b</emphasis>
); Right hind foot, dorsal view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">c, d</emphasis>
); Right fore foot, plantar view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">e, f</emphasis>
); Right fore foot, dorsal view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">g, h</emphasis>
). Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Cranium with moderately long and wide rostrum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. based on micro-CT data of the holotype (MECN 5809; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador): cranium in dorsal, ventral, and lateral view, and left hemimandible in labial view. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651814" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4</figureCitation>
); rostrum barely tapers forward from the nasolacrimal capsules; nasals gradually diverge forward, with the distal end moderately turned upwards; shallow but distinct zygomatic notches; interorbital constriction moderately posterior and narrower; fronto-parietal suture U-shaped; braincase slightly inflated and elongated; cranial roof dorsal profile flat from nasals to the half of parietals to slope gently downward toward the occiput; foramen magnum caudally oriented. Premaxillae slightly shorter than nasals not produced anteriorly beyond incisors, without forming a rostral tube; gnathic process very small; zygomatic plates moderately narrow and almost without free upper borders; zygomatic arches sturdy and robust; larger jugals; squamosal-alisphenoid groove poorly visible through the translucent braincase, without a perforation where it crosses the depression for the masticatory nerve; small stapedial foramen and carotid canal, but barely expressed petrotympanic fissure; primitive cephalic arterial supply (pattern 1 of
<bibRefCitation author="Voss, RS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="258 - 493" refId="B76" refString="Voss, RS, 1988. Systematics and ecology of ichthyomyine rodents (Muroidea): patterns of morphological evolution in a small adaptive radiation. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 188: 258 - 493" title="Systematics and ecology of ichthyomyine rodents (Muroidea): patterns of morphological evolution in a small adaptive radiation." volume="188" year="1988">Voss 1988</bibRefCitation>
); alisphenoid strut present; small anterior opening of alisphenoid canal; postglenoid foramen narrow, subsquamosal fenestra absent and undefined hamular process of squamosal; undeveloped tegmen tympani; parietal
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wings”">&quot;wings&quot;</normalizedToken>
extending to zygomatic roots; small bullae with long stapedial processes; large pars flaccida of tympanic membrane present; orbicular apophysis of malleus well developed; paraoccipital process small. Small Hill foramen; long, pear-shaped incisive foramina, well anterior to the anterior faces of M1; capsular process of premaxillary little developed; palate narrow and short, with the anterior border of the mesopterygoid fossa even with the posterior faces of M3s; posterior palatal foramina small; small paired posterolateral pits located next to the anterior part of the mesopterygoid fossa; broad mesopterygoid fossa, much broader than parapterygoid plates, with V-shaped anterior margin and fully ossified bony roof; massive and projected hamular processes of pterygoids; ventrally well-exposed petrosals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Mandible robust (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. based on micro-CT data of the holotype (MECN 5809; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador): cranium in dorsal, ventral, and lateral view, and left hemimandible in labial view. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651814" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4</figureCitation>
), with little-developed falciform coronoid process with its tip at condyle level; laterally placed mental foramen; broad incisor case; scarcely-marked higher masseteric ridge; broad condyle with well-developed pre- and postcondylid processes; alveolus of lower incisor with small capsular process on lateral mandibular surface; poorly excavated lunar notch; short and broad angular process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Maxillary molar rows large (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the occlusal view of right upper (a, b) and lower (c, d) toothrows based on micro-CT data of the holotypes of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. (a, c MECN 5809; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador) and Mindomys hammondi (b, d NHMUK 13.10.24.58; Mindo, Ecuador). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651819" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">9</figureCitation>
); main cusps opposites; M1 rectangular and broad; with anterior stylar shelf, anteroposteriorly compressed procingulum and defined anterolingual conule; transversally compressed paracone and metacone; M2 mesofosette rounded; M3 posterior lobe transversally compressed with closed metaflexus. M1 four-rooted (with one accessory labial root); M2 and M3 three-rooted (Suppl. material 3).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651819" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Three-dimensional reconstructions of the occlusal view of right upper (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a, b</emphasis>
) and lower (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">c, d</emphasis>
) toothrows based on micro-CT data of the holotypes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a, c</emphasis>
MECN 5809; Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador) and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys hammondi" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys hammondi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">b, d</emphasis>
NHMUK 13.10.24.58; Mindo, Ecuador). Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Unusually long and wide flexids in m1-m2; procingulum of m1 not divided into labial and lingual conulids; indistinct anterolophid; mesolophid present; large posterolophid present; wide and deep protoflexid; m2 squared in outline; without internal mesofosette; mesolophid, posterolophid showing the same condition as in m1; m3 sub-triangular in outline with a deep hypoflexid; small entoflexid in line with hypoflexid. Lower molars two-rooted (Suppl. material 3).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Tuberculum of first rib articulates with transverse processes of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae; second and third thoracic vertebra with differentially elongated neural spine; 19 thoracicolumbar vertebrae, the 16-17th with moderately developed anapophyses; 4 sacrals; 38 caudals, with complete hemal arches in the second and third; 12 ribs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Distribution and remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known recorded localities for Mindomys hammondi, Ecuador (in triangles): 1. Reserva Dracula (Brito et al. 2021); 2. Alto Tambo, Esmeraldas (Pinto et al. 2018); 3. Saloya (probably the provenance of the specimen housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, under the number MCZ 52688); 4. Mindo (type locality; Thomas 1913); star = Cordillera de Kutuku, type locality of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651815" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
). The zoogeographic terrain in which
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. kutuku" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M. kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected belongs to the eastern subtropics (
<bibRefCitation author="Albuja, L" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B2" refString="Albuja, L, Almendariz, C, Montalvo, LD, Caceres, F, Roman, C, 2012. Fauna de vertebrados del Ecuador. Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador." title="Fauna de vertebrados del Ecuador. Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador." year="2012">Albuja et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The holotype was collected in evergreen montane forest of the Cordilleras
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cóndor-Kutukú">Condor-Kutuku</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador" journalOrPublisher="Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B39" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, 2013. Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador" title="Sistema de clasificacion de los ecosistemas del Ecuador continental." year="2013">Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador 2013</bibRefCitation>
), which is characterized by trees with abundant orchids, ferns and bromeliads. The height of the emerging vegetation reaches up to 25 m.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. kutuku" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M. kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected within a mature forest near a stream (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. General landscape of the Cordillera de Kutuku (Ecuador), aerial survey in east-west orientation (a, b), photographs taken on August 26, 2017; field expedition in evergreen montane forest (c, d), and stream near the trapping site (d), photographs taken on September 8, 2017." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651820" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">10</figureCitation>
). The surrounding undergrowth has a visual domain of herbaceous families such as
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
. On the slopes, the royal palm (
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dictyocaryum lamarckianun" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lamarckianun">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Dictyocaryum lamarckianun</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) predominates. The new species was collected in sympatry with the didelphids
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marmosops caucae" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caucae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Marmosops caucae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Monodelphis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monodelphis adusta" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Monodelphis adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the sigmodontine rodents
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Akodon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Akodon aerosus" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Akodon aerosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Chilomys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chilomys" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Chilomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName genus="Hyaleamys" lsidName="Hyaleamys yunganus" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="yunganus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Hyaleamys yunganus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Nephelomys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephelomys auriventer" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriventer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Nephelomys auriventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microryzomys minutus" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Microryzomys minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oecomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecomys superans" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Oecomys superans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oreoryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreoryzomys balneator" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balneator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Oreoryzomys balneator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito M., Nicolas, Chavez, Moreno, Batallas &amp; Ojala-Barbour" authorityYear="2017" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Rhipidomys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhipidomys albujai" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albujai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rhipidomys albujai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651820" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 10.</emphasis>
General landscape of the Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
(Ecuador), aerial survey in east-west orientation (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a, b</emphasis>
), photographs taken on August 26, 2017; field expedition in evergreen montane forest (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">c, d</emphasis>
), and stream near the trapping site (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">d</emphasis>
), photographs taken on September 8, 2017.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
The specific epithet is a noun in apposition after the type locality,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Comparisons.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
The traits that clearly separate the two species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weksler, Percequillo &amp; Voss" authorityYear="2006" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are many and varied. Some of these features represent marked differences, such as the shape of the interorbit, the orientation of the foramen magnum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Three-dimensional reconstructions of selected aspects of qualitative anatomy contrasted in the crania (dorsal view to the left, ventral view to the right) based on micro-CT data of the holotypes of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. (left; MECN 5809; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador) and Mindomys hammondi (right; NHMUK 13.10.24.58; Mindo, Ecuador), scaled to the same length. The figure portrays differences between the characteristics of these species as follows: M. kutuku sp. nov. has shallower zygomatic notch (zn), posteriorly displaced interorbital constriction (ic), longer incisive foramina (if), larger molars (m), larger auditory bulla (ab), and more caudally directed foramen magnum. Figures are not to scale to facilitate comparisons." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651821" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">11</figureCitation>
), the occurrence of the alisphenoid strut (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Three-dimensional reconstructions of details of the alisphenoid region (a, b) and the auditory bulla (c, d) based on micro-CT data of the holotypes of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. (a, c MECN 5809; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador) and Mindomys hammondi (b, d NHMUK 13.10.24.58; Mindo, Ecuador). Acronyms: aalc, anterior opening of alisphenoid canal; ab, auditory bulla; al, alisphenoid; als, alisphenoid strut; bet, bony Eustachian tube; bo, basioccipital; cc, carotid canal, cty, crista tympanica; fo, foramen ovale; bmt, buccinators-masticatory trough; pt, petrosal; sfr, sphenofrontal foramen; sq, squamosal; stf, stapedial foramen; rpm, rostral process of malleus. Figures are not to scale to facilitate comparisons." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651822" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">12</figureCitation>
), and the differential exposition of the petrosal (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Three-dimensional reconstructions of details of the alisphenoid region (a, b) and the auditory bulla (c, d) based on micro-CT data of the holotypes of Mindomys kutuku sp. nov. (a, c MECN 5809; Cordillera de Kutuku, Ecuador) and Mindomys hammondi (b, d NHMUK 13.10.24.58; Mindo, Ecuador). Acronyms: aalc, anterior opening of alisphenoid canal; ab, auditory bulla; al, alisphenoid; als, alisphenoid strut; bet, bony Eustachian tube; bo, basioccipital; cc, carotid canal, cty, crista tympanica; fo, foramen ovale; bmt, buccinators-masticatory trough; pt, petrosal; sfr, sphenofrontal foramen; sq, squamosal; stf, stapedial foramen; rpm, rostral process of malleus. Figures are not to scale to facilitate comparisons." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651822" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">12</figureCitation>
). In addition to the characters provided in the diagnosis (see above), the molars comprise one of the anatomical systems where major differences between
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. kutuku" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M. kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. hammondi" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M. hammondi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are detected (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Main differential craniodental traits between species of the genus Mindomys (Oryzomyini, Sigmodontinae)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A67C334EC9A38B2CE5A93B81BE3FA11F" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="A67C334EC9A38B2CE5A93B81BE3FA11F">4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651821" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Three-dimensional reconstructions of selected aspects of qualitative anatomy contrasted in the crania (dorsal view to the left, ventral view to the right) based on micro-CT data of the holotypes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (left; MECN 5809; Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador) and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys hammondi" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys hammondi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right; NHMUK 13.10.24.58; Mindo, Ecuador), scaled to the same length. The figure portrays differences between the characteristics of these species as follows:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="M." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. kutuku" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M. kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has shallower zygomatic notch (zn), posteriorly displaced interorbital constriction (ic), longer incisive foramina (if), larger molars (m), larger auditory bulla (ab), and more caudally directed foramen magnum. Figures are not to scale to facilitate comparisons.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/651822" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Three-dimensional reconstructions of details of the alisphenoid region (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a, b</emphasis>
) and the auditory bulla (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">c, d</emphasis>
) based on micro-CT data of the holotypes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brito &amp; Koch &amp; Tinoco &amp; Pardiñas" authorityYear="2022" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys kutuku" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kutuku">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys kutuku</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">a, c</emphasis>
MECN 5809; Cordillera de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kutukú">Kutuku</normalizedToken>
, Ecuador) and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Mindomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mindomys hammondi" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hammondi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Mindomys hammondi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">b, d</emphasis>
NHMUK 13.10.24.58; Mindo, Ecuador). Acronyms: aalc, anterior opening of alisphenoid canal; ab, auditory bulla; al, alisphenoid; als, alisphenoid strut; bet, bony Eustachian tube; bo, basioccipital; cc, carotid canal, cty, crista tympanica; fo, foramen ovale; bmt, buccinators-masticatory trough; pt, petrosal; sfr, sphenofrontal foramen; sq, squamosal; stf, stapedial foramen; rpm, rostral process of malleus. Figures are not to scale to facilitate comparisons.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart>Knight, Guy T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sheppard, David A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Livermore, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1168</mods:start>
<mods:end>1168</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1168</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1168</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-2-1168</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:83B534831B10AA32BF7E5277219637A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/83B534831B10AA32BF7E5277219637A0" lastPageNumber="1168" pageId="0" pageNumber="1168">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1168">
<taxonomicName authority="Cameron, 1882" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hymenoptera" genus="Dolerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolerus (Poodolerus) possilensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="possilensis" subGenus="Poodolerus">Dolerus (Poodolerus) possilensis Cameron, 1882</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1168">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hymenoptera" genus="Dolerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolerus nitens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Dolerus nitens</taxonomicName>
Zaddach, 1859: misident.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1168">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1168">England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland</paragraph>
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