From e9f1de355ade1f1ee5cb0bcfbc3f24b3e50dba81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Sun, 17 Nov 2024 19:51:51 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-17 19:45:47 --- .../02/0EC1022F7C37281346F9D3D2D3CC9D66.xml | 93 +++--- .../8F/52158F6857876A876B93966547383BED.xml | 128 +++---- .../DE/88D6DEEC66298EFC850221AA2FADDDE0.xml | 230 ++++++------- .../CE/967FCE168C52B1D7FD3E3F4FB7E33CDC.xml | 249 +++++++------- .../84/ACDC8407C32F8647601898352EDDC971.xml | 267 ++++++++------- .../BF/B205BF5F516D134D3F26BF5AD2020CCD.xml | 261 ++++++++------- .../C0/B87DC076AAAEE6739F4B737A3CEACCEB.xml | 258 +++++++------- .../F0/D0B1F056957A49BD7A21892BBD7B90AC.xml | 316 +++++++++--------- 8 files changed, 918 insertions(+), 884 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/0E/C1/02/0EC1022F7C37281346F9D3D2D3CC9D66.xml b/data/0E/C1/02/0EC1022F7C37281346F9D3D2D3CC9D66.xml index e90e7997e42..2932e3c4a7d 100644 --- a/data/0E/C1/02/0EC1022F7C37281346F9D3D2D3CC9D66.xml +++ b/data/0E/C1/02/0EC1022F7C37281346F9D3D2D3CC9D66.xml @@ -1,62 +1,65 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + +Taxon classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae + -Minyomerus griseus [JF2015] (Sleeper, 1960) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) +Minyomerus griseus [JF2015] (Sleeper, 1960) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) comb. n. Figs 43, 44, 45 - -== -AND = Piscatopus griseus - -Sleeper, 1960: 84 sec. Sleeper (1960) +== +AND = +Piscatopus griseus Sleeper, 1960: 84 +sec. Sleeper (1960) @@ -92,8 +95,8 @@ sec. Sleeper (1960) to junior synonymy of [JF2015], and therefore also rename its sole member, Piscatopus griseus sec. Sleeper (1960), as -Minyomerus griseus -(Sleeper, 1960) [JF2015] in a new combination (see also Discussion). +Minyomerus griseus (Sleeper, 1960) +[JF2015] in a new combination (see also Discussion). @@ -216,15 +219,15 @@ Figure 45. Diagnostic features and terminalia of Material examined. Allotype - male "Presidio Tex, X-28-44, JH Russel/ On -Larrea divericata +Larrea divericata [non-focal] foliage, 44-26373/ ALLOTYPE, -Piscatopus griseus +Piscatopus griseus ♂, Sleeper [red]/ -Piscatopus griseus -Sleeper, Allotype, DET. SLEEPER [red]/ BLNO, 003007 [light blue]" (USNM). Paratype, same label information as male allotype (USNM: 1 male). Additional specimens examined: from same series as male allotype and paratype (USNM: 9 females, 8 males); "N. genus-N. sp., +Piscatopus griseus Sleeper +, Allotype, DET. SLEEPER [red]/ BLNO, 003007 [light blue]" (USNM). Paratype, same label information as male allotype (USNM: 1 male). Additional specimens examined: from same series as male allotype and paratype (USNM: 9 females, 8 males); "N. genus-N. sp., Atriplex canescens [non-focal], Presidio, T. 2376, -Curculionidae +Curculionidae , Det. L.L. Buchan." (NMSU: 1 female); "TX: Presidio Co., Presidio, on Atriplex canescens [non-focal]" (NMSU: 1 female, 4 males); "TEX. Presidio Co., Presidio, 8-27-1971 [some with VIII-27-1971], C.W. @@ -258,8 +261,8 @@ Associated with creosote bush ( [Pursh] Nuttall. [non-focal]; Asteraceae [non-focal]). Erroneously listed as associated with -Larrea divaricata -Cav., which is not known to occur in this region. +Larrea divaricata Cav. +, which is not known to occur in this region. diff --git a/data/52/15/8F/52158F6857876A876B93966547383BED.xml b/data/52/15/8F/52158F6857876A876B93966547383BED.xml index 7757a44f525..a23c5bc03bb 100644 --- a/data/52/15/8F/52158F6857876A876B93966547383BED.xml +++ b/data/52/15/8F/52158F6857876A876B93966547383BED.xml @@ -1,86 +1,94 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + +Taxon classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae + Genus -Minyomerus [JF2015] Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) +Minyomerus [JF2015] Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) -> Minyomerus -Horn, 1876: 17 sec. Horn (1876) +> +Minyomerus Horn, 1876: 17 +sec. Horn (1876) -> AND = Elissa -Casey, 1888: 271 sec. Casey (1888) (synonymized by +> AND = +Elissa Casey, 1888: 271 +sec. Casey (1888) (synonymized by Kissinger 1964 : 30) -> AND = Pseudelissa -Casey, 1888: 273 sec. Casey (1888) (synonymized by +> AND = +Pseudelissa Casey, 1888: 273 +sec. Casey (1888) (synonymized by Pierce 1909 : 359) -> AND = Piscatopus -Sleeper, 1960: 84 sec. Sleeper (1960), syn. n. +> AND = +Piscatopus Sleeper, 1960: 84 +sec. Sleeper (1960), syn. n. Type species. -Minyomerus microps -(Say, 1831: 9) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015), stat. n. +Minyomerus microps (Say, 1831: 9) +sec. Jansen & Franz (2015), stat. n. == (INT) AND> (OST) AND = -Thylacites microps -Say, 1831: 9 sec. Say (1831) (transferred to +Thylacites microps Say, 1831: 9 +sec. Say (1831) (transferred to Minyomerus sec. Blackwelder & Blackwelder [1948] on the authority of Buchanan in litt. by Blackwelder and Blackwelder 1948 @@ -88,15 +96,15 @@ sec. Blackwelder & Blackwelder [1948] on the authority of Buchanan in litt. == (INT) AND> (OST) AND = -Thylacites microsus -Boheman, 1833: 523 sec. Boheman (1833) (synonymized by +Thylacites microsus Boheman, 1833: 523 +sec. Boheman (1833) (synonymized by LeConte 1859 : 286) == (INT) AND> (OST) AND = -Minyomerus innocuus -Horn, 1876: 18 sec. Horn (1876) (type, designated by +Minyomerus innocuus Horn, 1876: 18 +sec. Horn (1876) (type, designated by Pierce 1913 : 400), syn. n. @@ -108,14 +116,14 @@ Horn, 1876: 18 sec. Horn (1876) (type, designated by [JF2015] is diagnosed by a unique combination of synapomorphic traits; specifically, the integument is covered by appressed scales that are sub-circular and overlap posteriorly; the nasal plate is present as a broad, scale-covered, chevron-shaped ridge demarcating the epistoma; a sulcus posteriad of nasal plate is present; the scrobe is subequal in length to the funicle and club combined; the head is directed slightly ventrally; the metatibial apex lacks setiform bristles yet displays bristles that are shorter to subequal in length to the surrounding setae and conical to lamelliform; the mesotarsi are slightly shorter than the mesotibiae, and all tarsi lack pads of setiform setae but have stout, spiniform setae. The following additional characters are useful for identifying members of Minyomerus [JF2015], especially when differentiating the former from other genera of -Tanymecini +Tanymecini [non-focal] such as -Isodrusus -Sharp, 1911 [non-focal], -Isodacrys -Sharp, 1911 [non-focal], and -Pandeleteinus -Champion, 1911 [non-focal] (see also +Isodrusus Sharp, 1911 +[non-focal], +Isodacrys Sharp, 1911 +[non-focal], and +Pandeleteinus Champion, 1911 +[non-focal] (see also Anderson 2002 ): the intercoxal process of the prosternum is medially divided into two halves (with the procoxae apparently contiguous in most); the elytral humeri are rounded rather than angled and protruding; the profemora are not dilated and lack spines; the protibiae are ventrally excavated by a longitudinal groove or concavity; and a distinct scrobe is present and directed ventrad of the eye, with a more or less apparent tooth formed by an overhang of the dorsal margin. @@ -226,16 +234,16 @@ Members of Minyomerus [JF2015] species have a range of host plants with which they can be associated; they are commonly found on creosote bush ( -Larrea tridentata -(DC.) Coville [non-focal; +Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville +[non-focal; Zygophyllaceae [non-focal]), broomweed ( -Gutierrezia -Lagasca [non-focal; +Gutierrezia Lagasca +[non-focal; Asteraceae [non-focal), sagebrush ( -Artemisia -Linnaeus [non-focal]; +Artemisia Linnaeus +[non-focal]; Asteraceae [non-focal]), and occasionally on other various Asteraceae diff --git a/data/88/D6/DE/88D6DEEC66298EFC850221AA2FADDDE0.xml b/data/88/D6/DE/88D6DEEC66298EFC850221AA2FADDDE0.xml index e38ff312fb2..182e470b659 100644 --- a/data/88/D6/DE/88D6DEEC66298EFC850221AA2FADDDE0.xml +++ b/data/88/D6/DE/88D6DEEC66298EFC850221AA2FADDDE0.xml @@ -1,202 +1,204 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 - - -Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + + + +Taxon classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae + - - -Minyomerus caseyi [JF2015] (Sharp, 1891) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) + + +Minyomerus caseyi [JF2015] (Sharp, 1891) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) Figs 29, 30 - - - -== -AND = Pseudelissa caseyi - -Sharp, 1891: 151 sec. Sharp (1891) (genus synonymized by Pierce, 1909: 359). + + +== +AND = +Pseudelissa caseyi Sharp, 1891: 151 +sec. Sharp (1891) (genus synonymized by Pierce, 1909: 359). - -Diagnosis. - -Minyomerus caseyi + +Diagnosis. + +Minyomerus caseyi [JF2015] is readily distinguished from other congenerics by the presence of apically explanate elytral setae. The corpus of the spermatheca is uniquely elongate. - -Redescription - female. -Habitus. Length 3.61-3.96 mm, width 1.52-1.72 mm, length/width ratio 2.31-2.55, widest at anterior 1/4 of elytra. Integument black on tagmata and elytra, light to dark orange-brown on other appendages. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from slightly off-white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing to have opalescent reflections. Setae apically explanate, appearing spatulate, sub-recumbent. -Mandibles. Covered with white scales, with 4 longer setae, and 1-2 shorter interspersed setae. - + +Redescription - female. +Habitus. Length 3.61-3.96 mm, width 1.52-1.72 mm, length/width ratio 2.31-2.55, widest at anterior 1/4 of elytra. Integument black on tagmata and elytra, light to dark orange-brown on other appendages. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from slightly off-white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing to have opalescent reflections. Setae apically explanate, appearing spatulate, sub-recumbent. +Mandibles. Covered with white scales, with 4 longer setae, and 1-2 shorter interspersed setae. + Maxillae. Cardo 2 -x +x as long as distance from base of palpomere I to base of palpiger, bifurcate at base with an inner angle of ca. 90°, inner (mesal) arm 2 -x +x longer than outer arm, inner arm 1.5 -x +x width of outer arm, inner arm of bifurcation equal in length to apically outcurved arm. Stipes sub-quadrate, slightly wider than long, roughly equal in length to inner bifurcation of cardo, glabrous. Galeo-lacinial complexmembranous and setose in posterior 3/4, sclerotized and somewhat emarginate anteriorly; dorsally with 8 apicomesal lacinial teeth; ventrally with 3 reduced lacinial teeth. Palpiger with a row of transverse setae; membranous in anterior 1/3. -Maxillary palps. I and II both apically oblique, apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to 2 apical setae. -Labium. Prementum completely covering Maxillary palps; roughly trapezoidal, ventrally broadly convex, planar laterally; apical margin laterally incurved, medially projected (ligula) with a distinct anterior face, angulate. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, but not reaching apexof ligula; all 3 segments with 1 apical seta; III slightly longer than II. - +Maxillary palps. I and II both apically oblique, apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to 2 apical setae. +Labium. Prementum completely covering Maxillary palps; roughly trapezoidal, ventrally broadly convex, planar laterally; apical margin laterally incurved, medially projected (ligula) with a distinct anterior face, angulate. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, but not reaching apexof ligula; all 3 segments with 1 apical seta; III slightly longer than II. + Rostrum. Length 0.41-0.47 mm, anterior portion 2.5-3.0 -x +x broader than long, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.43-0.49, rostrum length/width ratio 0.92-0.98. Separation of rostrum from head generally obscure. Dorsal outline of rostrum sub-rectangular, anterior half of dorsal surface impressed, posterior half strongly rugose. Rostrum in lateral view nearly square; apical margin broadly bisinuate, with 2 large vibrissae. Nasal plate defined by V-shaped, impressed lines, anteromesally slightly convex, integument partially covered with white scales. Margins of mandibular incision directed 20° outward dorsally in frontal view. Ventrolateral sulci strongly defined as a deep notch or sulcus dorsad of insertion point of mandibles. Dorsal surface of rostrum with short, linear, median fovea. Rostrum ventrally with median fovea near base of rostrum that continuing very shallowly towards posterior margin of head. - + Antennae. Small tooth formed by overhanging dorsal margin of scrobe anterior to margin of eye by 1/3 of length of eye. Club similar in length to funicular antennomeres IV-VII, nearly 2.5 -x +x as long as wide. - + Head. Eyes globular to ovate, posterior margin level with lateral surface of head, slanted antero-ventrally ca. 45°; eyes separated in dorsal view by 4 -x +x their anterior- -posterior +posterior length, set off from anterior prothoracic margin by 1/5 of their anterior-posterior length. - + Pronotum. Length/width ratio 0.93-0.98; widest between anterior constriction and midpoint. Anterior margin feebly arcuate, lateral margins feebly curved and widening into a slight bulge just anteriad of midpoint of pronotum, posterior margin -straight +straight , with a slight mesal incurvature. Pronotum in lateral view with setae that barely reach anterior margin. Anterolateral margin with a reduced tuft of 3-5 ocular vibrissae present, emerging near ventral 1/2 of eye, becoming gradually, evenly longer ventrally, stopping just below ventral margin of eye; vibrissae achieving a maximum length similar to anterior-posterior length of eye. -Scutellum. Minute and not apparent. -Pleurites. Metepisternum nearly hidden by elytron except for triangular extension. - +Scutellum. Minute and not apparent. +Pleurites. Metepisternum nearly hidden by elytron except for triangular extension. + Thoracic sterna. Prosternal process not elevated. Mesocoxal cavities separated by 1/5 -x +x width of mesocoxal cavity. Metasternum with transverse sulcus apparent but obscured somewhat by scales; metacoxal cavities widely separated by 3 -x +x their width. - + Legs. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.88-0.95; profemur with distal 1/5 produced ventrally as a sub-rectangular projection covering tibial joint; condyle of tibial -articulation +articulation occupying 2/3 of distal surface and 1/5 length of femur. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.83-0.91; protibial apexwith ventral setal comb recessed in a subtly incurved groove; mucro reduced to a very small laterally projected tooth. Protarsus with tarsomere III 1.5 -x +x as long as II; wider than long. Metatibial apexwith almond shaped convex ity ringed by 10-12 short, spiniform setae. - + Elytra. Length/width ratio 2.84-3.00; widest at anterior 1/4; anterior margins jointly 1.5-1.75 -x +x wider than posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins sub-parallel after anterior 1/4, more strongly rounded and converging in posterior 1/2. Posterior declivity, angled at nearly 75° to main body axis. Elytra with 10 complete striae; striae shallow; punctures faint beneath appressed scales, separated by 4-6 -x +x their diameter; intervals very slightly elevated. - + Abdominal sterna. Ventrite III anteromesally incurved around a fovea located mesally on anterior margin, posterior margin elevated and set off from IV along lateral 1/4s of its length. Sternum VII mesally 1/2-3/5 -x +x as long as wide; setae darkening, lengthening, and becoming more erect in posterior 1/4; anterior margin weakly curved. -Tergum. Pygidium (tergum VIII) sub-cylindrical, posterior margin cultellate, with a few minute setae inserted along rim. -Sternum VIII. Anterior 9/10 narrowly stylate; posterior 1/10 (lamina) sub-quadrate; anterior edges each forming a 90° angle with lateral margin; sclerotized region with anterior 1/6 less sclerotized; posterior edge mesally incurved. - +Tergum. Pygidium (tergum VIII) sub-cylindrical, posterior margin cultellate, with a few minute setae inserted along rim. +Sternum VIII. Anterior 9/10 narrowly stylate; posterior 1/10 (lamina) sub-quadrate; anterior edges each forming a 90° angle with lateral margin; sclerotized region with anterior 1/6 less sclerotized; posterior edge mesally incurved. + Ovipositor. Coxites slightly sclerotized, nearly as broad as long; styli 3/4 -x +x length of coxites, glabrous. - + Spermatheca. -"U" +"U" -shaped; collum long, equal in length to cornu, sinuate, narrowed to 1/2 -x +x width of base in apical 1/3, collum sub-contiguous with, and angled at 90° to ramus; ramus bulbous, 1/3 -x +x length of collum; corpus not swollen, of equal thickness to collum and cornu; cornu elongate, narrowed to 2/3 -x +x width of base in apical 1/3, strongly recurved in basal 1/3, straight along apical 2/3, inner angle between cornu and collum nearly 55°. - - + + Figure 29. Habitus of -Minyomerus caseyi +Minyomerus caseyi [JF2015], female A lateral view B dorsal view. - - + + Figure 30. Diagnostic features and terminalia of -Minyomerus caseyi +Minyomerus caseyi [JF2015] A labial prementum, ventral view B spermatheca C lamina of sternum VIII D aedeagus, lateral view E aedeagus, ventral view. - -Male. -Similar to female, except where noted. Length 3.07-3.64 mm, width 1.18-1.42 mm, length/width ratio 1.98-2.60. Rostrum length 0.41-0.53, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.49-0.60, rostrum length/width ratio 1.02-1.30. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.97-1.06. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.90-0.96, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.79-0.91. Elytra length/width ratio 2.86-3.37. -Elytra. Generally narrower relative to pronotum, but otherwise as female. -Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 3/5 as long as wide. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with posterior margin evenly arcuate; posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. -Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 5.61-5.84; lateral margins very slightly converging posteriorly, widening in region of ostium, then narrowing more strongly into a small posterior projection. In lateral view, width of pedon even in anterior 3/4, ventral margins in posterior 1/4 becoming straight towards apex, then abruptly curving to meet dorsal margins at a sharp apical point; apexacutely angulate. Flagellum apically with a large, narrowly elongate, micro-denticulate sclerite. + +Male. +Similar to female, except where noted. Length 3.07-3.64 mm, width 1.18-1.42 mm, length/width ratio 1.98-2.60. Rostrum length 0.41-0.53, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.49-0.60, rostrum length/width ratio 1.02-1.30. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.97-1.06. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.90-0.96, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.79-0.91. Elytra length/width ratio 2.86-3.37. +Elytra. Generally narrower relative to pronotum, but otherwise as female. +Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 3/5 as long as wide. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with posterior margin evenly arcuate; posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. +Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 5.61-5.84; lateral margins very slightly converging posteriorly, widening in region of ostium, then narrowing more strongly into a small posterior projection. In lateral view, width of pedon even in anterior 3/4, ventral margins in posterior 1/4 becoming straight towards apex, then abruptly curving to meet dorsal margins at a sharp apical point; apexacutely angulate. Flagellum apically with a large, narrowly elongate, micro-denticulate sclerite. - - -Material + + +Material examined. - + "MEXICO, SLP, Hwy 57, 23 mi. SE. San Luis Potosi, 6000', 10 Sept. 1982 C. & L. -O'Brien +O'Brien & G. Wibmer" (CWOB: 6 females, 6 males); "MEX. N, Leon, Hwy 57, 79 mi. SW. Linares, X-16-1970/ at night, L & C.W. -O'Brien" +O'Brien" (CWOB: 1 female); "MEXICO: Vera Cruz, 10 mi. sw. Perote, July 27, 1974, Clark, Murray, Ashe, Schaffner" (TAMU: 1 female). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + This species has been found in San Luis -Potosi +Potosi and Nuevo -Leon +Leon (Mexico). It is likely to be found throughout the Chihuahuan Desert and arid regions of south-central Mexico based on habitat similarity (Fig. 50). - -Natural history. -No host plant associations have been documented. + +Natural history. +No host plant associations have been documented. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/96/7F/CE/967FCE168C52B1D7FD3E3F4FB7E33CDC.xml b/data/96/7F/CE/967FCE168C52B1D7FD3E3F4FB7E33CDC.xml index edc1921fce1..b9a445e9b5f 100644 --- a/data/96/7F/CE/967FCE168C52B1D7FD3E3F4FB7E33CDC.xml +++ b/data/96/7F/CE/967FCE168C52B1D7FD3E3F4FB7E33CDC.xml @@ -1,208 +1,211 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 - - -Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + + + +Taxon classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae + - - -Minyomerus constrictus [JF2015] (Casey, 1888) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) + + +Minyomerus constrictus [JF2015] (Casey, 1888) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) Figs 7, 8 - - - -== -AND = Elissa constricta - -Casey, 1888: 272 sec -Casey (1888) + + +== +AND = +Elissa constricta Casey, 1888: 272 +sec +Casey (1888) (synonymized by -Kissinger 1964 +Kissinger 1964 : 30) - -Diagnosis. - -Minyomerus constrictus + +Diagnosis. + +Minyomerus constrictus [JF2015] is most readily distinguished from other congenerics by the strong anterior -"constriction" +"constriction" of the pronotum. The elytral setae are also very thin and setiform, especially on the disk, with setae apically tapering to a fine point, rather than being broadly rounded. The ocular vibrissae are well-developed in this species, and the eye is relatively large compared to other species. The spermatheca has the ramus bulbous, but tapered basally. The aedeagus is abruptly constricted apically. - -Redescription - female. -Habitus. Length 3.33-4.17 mm, width 1.44-1.74 mm, length/width ratio 2.31-2.47, widest at anterior 1/3 of elytra. Integument black on tagmata and elytra, light to dark orange-brown on other appendages. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from white to manila/beige to coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque) or with an opalescent sheen; scales on most specimens becoming lighter ventrally, but some specimens with venter of same coloration as dorsum. Setae very short, fine, white or translucent, becoming longer, thicker, and more erect on lateral margins of head and prothorax, humeri, and venter. -Mandibles. Covered with white scales, with 2 long setae dorsally, 2 long setae vetrolaterally, and 1 shorter seta between these. - + +Redescription - female. +Habitus. Length 3.33-4.17 mm, width 1.44-1.74 mm, length/width ratio 2.31-2.47, widest at anterior 1/3 of elytra. Integument black on tagmata and elytra, light to dark orange-brown on other appendages. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from white to manila/beige to coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque) or with an opalescent sheen; scales on most specimens becoming lighter ventrally, but some specimens with venter of same coloration as dorsum. Setae very short, fine, white or translucent, becoming longer, thicker, and more erect on lateral margins of head and prothorax, humeri, and venter. +Mandibles. Covered with white scales, with 2 long setae dorsally, 2 long setae vetrolaterally, and 1 shorter seta between these. + Maxillae. Cardo bifurcate at base with an inner angle of ca. 125°, inner (mesal) arm 2 -x +x longer than outer arm, inner arm 2 -x +x width of outer arm, inner arm of bifurcation equal in length to apically outcurved arm. Stipes sub-quadrate, 1.25-1.5 -x +x wider than long, roughly equal in length to inner arm of bifurcation of cardo, glabrous. Galeo-lacinial complex apically incurved (mesally); setose in basal 2/3; dorsally with 9 apicomesal lacinial teeth (1 of which is dorsad of mesal margin; ventrally with 5 reduced lacinial teeth. Palpiger with a transverse row of 2 setae, sclerotized on basal 2/3. -Maxillary palps. I and II both apically oblique, apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae. -Labium. Roughly trapezoidal; apical margins sinuate, weakly angulate; lateral margins straight; basal margin arcuate. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, reaching beyond apex of ligula; I and II both with 1 apical seta; III slightly longer than II. - -Rostrum +Maxillary palps. I and II both apically oblique, apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae. +Labium. Roughly trapezoidal; apical margins sinuate, weakly angulate; lateral margins straight; basal margin arcuate. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, reaching beyond apex of ligula; I and II both with 1 apical seta; III slightly longer than II. + +Rostrum . Length 0.49-0.63 mm, anterior portion 2-3 -x +x broader than long, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.59-0.64, rostrum length/width ratio 1.15-1.37. Dorsal outline of rostrum sub-rectangular, anterior half of dorsal surface impressed. -Rostrum +Rostrum in lateral view sub-rectangular; basal half of dorsolateral margins strongly converging anteriorly, anterior half slightly divergent; apical margin with sinuations meeting mesally to form a small point, with 2 large vibrissae. Nasal plate defined by Y-shaped lines, concave mesally, covered white scales and with interspersed, erect, laterally directed setae. Margins of mandibular incision curved, directed 10-15° outward dorsally in frontal view. Ventrolateral sulci weakly defined as a broad concavity dorsad of insertion point of mandibles, running parallel to scrobe, becoming flatter -posteriorly +posteriorly and disappearing ventrally. Dorsal surface of rostrum with median sulcus running from fovea at posterior end of anterior half rostrum to midpoint of posterior half of rostrum. Rostrum ventrally without median fovea. Oral cavity with lateral margins straight, diverging. - + Antennae. Small tooth formed by overhanging dorsal margin of scrobe anterior to margin of eye by 1/2 of length of eye. Club nearly 3 -x +x as long as wide. - + Head. Eyes strongly impressed, posterior margin level with lateral surface of head; eyes separated in dorsal view by 3-4 -x +x their anterior-posterior length, set off from anterior prothoracic margin by 1/4 of their anterior-posterior length. - + Pronotum. Length/width ratio 0.80-0.93, globular; surface finely punctate; median sulcus absent. Anterior margin straight, lateral margins curved and widening into a bulge near anterior 2/5 of pronotum, thence curved towards posterior margin, posterior margin incurved. Pronotum in lateral view sub-cylindrical to slightly globular, with setae that just reach beyond anterior margin. Anterolateral margin with a tuft of post-ocular vibrissae present, emerging near dorsal 1/4 of eye, becoming gradually, evenly longer ventrally, stopping just above ventral 1/4 of eye; vibrissae achieving a maximum length 2/3 -x +x anterior-posterior length of eye. -Scutellum. Equilateral to slightly longer than wide. -Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near anterior 1/5 of metasternum; a deep fovea present just basad of triangular projection of metepisternum. - +Scutellum. Equilateral to slightly longer than wide. +Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near anterior 1/5 of metasternum; a deep fovea present just basad of triangular projection of metepisternum. + Thoracic sterna. Mesocoxal cavities separated by distance1/3 -x +x width of mesocoxal cavity. Metasternum with a transverse sulcus just posteriad of anterior margin, can be hidden by scales in some specimens; posteriorly a large median fovea between ventrite III and metasternum, antero-mesally planar, turned inward 25° and planar in posterior 1/2; metacoxal cavities widely separated by 3-4 -x +x their width. -Legs. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 1.04-1.15. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.87-0.94; protibia with ventral setal comb situated on a mesally incurved edge; mucro reduced to a very small apically projected tooth. Protarsus with tarsomere III equilateral; II broadly conical, III bifid; I and III jointly similar in length to V. Metatibial apex with almond shaped convex ity with a row of 5 short, widely separated, spiniform setae. - +Legs. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 1.04-1.15. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.87-0.94; protibia with ventral setal comb situated on a mesally incurved edge; mucro reduced to a very small apically projected tooth. Protarsus with tarsomere III equilateral; II broadly conical, III bifid; I and III jointly similar in length to V. Metatibial apex with almond shaped convex ity with a row of 5 short, widely separated, spiniform setae. + Elytra. Length/width ratio 2.90-3.20; widest at anterior 1/3; anterior margins jointly 1.5-2 -x +x wider than posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins sub-parallel after anterior 1/6, more strongly rounded and converging in posterior 1/4. Elytra in lateral view convex, mesally somewhat planar on dorsum; posterior declivity angled at nearly 80° to main body axis. Elytra very finely punctate, punctures not visible in some specimens, separated by 8 -x +x their diameter; intervals not elevated. - + Abdominal sterna. Scales similar to elytra, in some specimens of a lighter color; III with midregion planar posteriorly, anteriorly incurved to a mesal fovea on anterior margin, elevated and set off from IV along lateral 1/3 of its length. Sternum VII mesally 2/5 -x +x as long as wide; setae darkening, lengthening, and becoming more erect in mesal 1/3; anterior margin weakly curved. -Tergum. Pygidium (tergum VIII) sub-cylindrical, medially with a patch of very short, fine setae. - -Sternum +Tergum. Pygidium (tergum VIII) sub-cylindrical, medially with a patch of very short, fine setae. + +Sternum VIII. Posterior 1/8 (lamina) square; anterior edges each incurved forming a 90° angle with lateral margin. -Ovipositor. Coxites in dorsal view nearly as long as broad; styli as long as coxites, glabrous. - +Ovipositor. Coxites in dorsal view nearly as long as broad; styli as long as coxites, glabrous. + Spermatheca. Comma-shaped; collum extremely short, apically with hood-shaped projection at 45° to central axis of ramus, 3/4 -x +x length of ramus and contiously aligned with curvature of bulb of ramus; collum sub-contiguous with, and angled at 45° to ramus; ramus spherical, equal in length to width of corpus; corpus swollen, 1.5 -x +x width of cornu; cornu elongate, apically, gradually narrowed, basal 3/4 angled at nearly 90° to corpus, gently curved along mesal 1/2, and recurved near apical 1/4 such that apex is sub-parallel to corpus. - - + + Figure 7. Habitus of -Minyomerus constrictus +Minyomerus constrictus [JF2015], female A lateral view B dorsal view. - - + + Figure 8. Diagnostic features and terminalia of -Minyomerus constrictus +Minyomerus constrictus [JF2015] A aedeagus, dorsal view B aedeagus, lateral view C labial prementum, ventral view D spermatheca E lamina of sternum VIII. - -Male. -Similar to female, except where noted. Length 2.78-3.52 mm, width 1.12-1.38 mm, length/width ratio 2.49-2.63. Rostrum length 0.39-0.60, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.47-0.67, rostrum length/width ratio 1.15-1.55. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.82-0.91. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.83-1.16, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.92-0.97. Elytra length/width ratio 2.97-3.34. -Elytra. Generally narrower relative to pronotum, but otherwise as female. -Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 3/5 as long as wide. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with posterior margin evenly arcuate; posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. -Sternum VIII. Consisting of 2 sub-contiguous, sub-triangular sclerites; posterior margins widely angulate; without median, sub-trapezoidal projection. -Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 3.54-3.76; lateral margins very slightly converging posteriorly, abruptly constricted and more strongly converging in region of ostium. In lateral view, width of pedon becoming gradually narrower posteriorly in anterior 3/4, ventral margins in posterior 1/4 becoming straight towards apex, then abruptly curving to meet dorsal margins at a sharp apical point; apex acutely angulate. Flagellum apically with a large, narrowly elongate, tortuous, ampullate sclerite, sclerite anteriorly gradually widened, constricted in anterior 1/4 and slightly widening anteriorly to form a small bulb. + +Male. +Similar to female, except where noted. Length 2.78-3.52 mm, width 1.12-1.38 mm, length/width ratio 2.49-2.63. Rostrum length 0.39-0.60, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.47-0.67, rostrum length/width ratio 1.15-1.55. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.82-0.91. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.83-1.16, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.92-0.97. Elytra length/width ratio 2.97-3.34. +Elytra. Generally narrower relative to pronotum, but otherwise as female. +Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 3/5 as long as wide. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with posterior margin evenly arcuate; posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. +Sternum VIII. Consisting of 2 sub-contiguous, sub-triangular sclerites; posterior margins widely angulate; without median, sub-trapezoidal projection. +Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 3.54-3.76; lateral margins very slightly converging posteriorly, abruptly constricted and more strongly converging in region of ostium. In lateral view, width of pedon becoming gradually narrower posteriorly in anterior 3/4, ventral margins in posterior 1/4 becoming straight towards apex, then abruptly curving to meet dorsal margins at a sharp apical point; apex acutely angulate. Flagellum apically with a large, narrowly elongate, tortuous, ampullate sclerite, sclerite anteriorly gradually widened, constricted in anterior 1/4 and slightly widening anteriorly to form a small bulb. - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + Holotype - female "●Ari [Casey locality code: Yuma Gila Valley, December 1886]/ Casey bequest 1925/ Type USNM 35006/ -Elissa constricta -Cas." (USNM). Additional specimens examined: "Cal. Kelso Sand Dunes, S. Berdo. Co. IV-7-1966, L & C.W. -O'Brien" +Elissa constricta Cas. +" (USNM). Additional specimens examined: "Cal. Kelso Sand Dunes, S. Berdo. Co. IV-7-1966, L & C.W. +O'Brien" (CWOB: 2 females, 2 males); "CAL. S. Berdo. Co. 3 mi. NW. Vidal W. Gagne, III-17-1967" (CWOB: 3 females, 1 male); "Ariz. 13 mi. S. Ajo, Pima Co., IV-2-1966, L & C.W. -O'Brien +O'Brien / -Larrea tridentata +Larrea tridentata [non-focal]" (CWOB: 8 females, 4 males) [4 females, 2 males deposited at CMNC]; "Boulder Dam, Ariz/ Collection of Vasco M. Tanner" (CAS: 1 female, 2 males; BYU: 3 females, 1 male); "CALIF: Inyo Co., Eureka Valley, January 1978, Giuliani, Hardy, and Andrews/ Eureka Valley, transect anti-freeze pit trap, no. 8" (CSCA: 1 female, 2 males); "CALIF: Inyo Co., Eureka Valley, January 1978, Giuliani, Hardy, and Andrews/ Eureka Valley, transect anti-freeze pit trap, no. 8" (CSCA: 1 female, 2 males); "CALIF: Inyo Co., Eureka Valley, February 1978, Giuliani, Hardy, and Andrews/ Eureka Val -ley +ley , transect anti-freeze pit trap, no. 7 [part of series, includes 7 & 8]" (CSCA: 1 female, 1 male); "CALIF: Inyo Co., Eureka Valley, March 1978, Giuliani, Hardy, and Andrews/ Eureka Valley, transect anti-freeze pit trap, no. 8" [part of series, includes 8, 9, & two individuals from 20] (CSCA: 2 females, 2 males); "CALIF: Inyo Co., Eureka Valley, April 1978, Giuliani, Hardy, and Andrews/ Eureka Valley, transect anti-freeze pit trap, no. 7" [part of series, includes three individuals from 7 & two individuals from 8] (CSCA: 5 females); "CALIF: Inyo Co., Eureka Valley, March 1978, Giuliani, Hardy, and Andrews/ Eureka Valley, transect anti-freeze pit trap, no. 8" [part of series, includes 8, 9, & two individuals from 20] (CSCA: 2 females, 2 males); "El Cajon, San Diego Co., CA. 18 Feb 71/ Ex. -Pyrus kawakami +Pyrus kawakami [non-focal]/ J.F. Johnson Coll." (CSCA: 1 female). - -Distribution. -This species has been found in the desert and arid regions of Arizona and California (USA). It is likely that its range also includes Nevada (USA), northern Baja California and Sonora (Mexico), based on similarity in habitat to the currently known distribution (Fig. 50). + +Distribution. +This species has been found in the desert and arid regions of Arizona and California (USA). It is likely that its range also includes Nevada (USA), northern Baja California and Sonora (Mexico), based on similarity in habitat to the currently known distribution (Fig. 50). - -Natural history. - + +Natural history. + Associated with creosote bush ( -Larrea tridentata +Larrea tridentata [DC.] Coville [non-focal]; -Zygophyllaceae +Zygophyllaceae [non-focal]) and evergreen pear ( -Pyrus kawakami -Tang S. Liu & H.J. Su [non-focal]; -Rosaceae +Pyrus kawakami +Tang S. Liu & H.J. Su +[non-focal]; +Rosaceae [non-focal]). diff --git a/data/AC/DC/84/ACDC8407C32F8647601898352EDDC971.xml b/data/AC/DC/84/ACDC8407C32F8647601898352EDDC971.xml index 69557417a11..15ca4187298 100644 --- a/data/AC/DC/84/ACDC8407C32F8647601898352EDDC971.xml +++ b/data/AC/DC/84/ACDC8407C32F8647601898352EDDC971.xml @@ -1,229 +1,236 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 - - -Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + + + +Taxon classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae + - - -Minyomerus languidus [JF2015] Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) + + +Minyomerus languidus [JF2015] Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) Figs 16, 17, 18 - - -== (INT) AND> (OST) Minyomerus languidus -Horn, 1876: 18 sec. Horn (1876) + + +== (INT) AND> (OST) +Minyomerus languidus Horn, 1876: 18 +sec. Horn (1876) - -== (INT) AND> (OST) AND = Pseudelissa cinerea -Casey, 1888: 274 sec. Casey (1888) (synonymized by -Pierce 1909 + +== (INT) AND> (OST) AND = +Pseudelissa cinerea Casey, 1888: 274 +sec. Casey (1888) (synonymized by +Pierce 1909 : 359) - -Diagnosis. - -Minyomerus languidus + +Diagnosis. + +Minyomerus languidus [JF2015] is most readily discerned from other congenerics by a combination of characters. The elytral setae are very uniform, linear, sub-recumbent, and brown, never with interspersed, longer, white setae. The elytral striae are often well defined and impressed, occasionally with punctures evident. The anterior margin of the pronotum has a reduced tuft of ocular vibrissae and is lined with linear setae that are inserted as far as 1/2 their length from the anterior margin. The nasal plate is bounded by a broad, somewhat weakly impressed sulcus. Importantly, the lateral margins of the oral cavity are strongly rounded, never straight, and longer than the posterior margin. Furthermore, the spermatheca has the ramus unconstricted and slightly bulbous. - -Redescription - female. -Habitus. Length 3.28-3.91 mm, width 1.33-1.63 mm, length/width ratio 2.39-2.56, widest at anterior 1/3 of elytra. Integument orange-brown to black. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from slightly off-white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque). Setae sub-recumbent. -Mandibles. Covered opalescent scales, with 2 longer setae, and 1 shorter seta between these. - + +Redescription - female. +Habitus. Length 3.28-3.91 mm, width 1.33-1.63 mm, length/width ratio 2.39-2.56, widest at anterior 1/3 of elytra. Integument orange-brown to black. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from slightly off-white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque). Setae sub-recumbent. +Mandibles. Covered opalescent scales, with 2 longer setae, and 1 shorter seta between these. + Maxillae. Cardo bifurcate at base with an inner angle of ca. 100°, inner (mesal) arm 2 -x +x longer than outer arm, inner arm of equal width to outer arm, inner arm of bifurcation equal in length to apically outcurved arm, glabrous. Stipes sub-quadrate, 1.5-2 -x +x longer than wide, roughly equal in length to inner arm of bifurcation of cardo, glabrous. Galeo-lacinial complex apically incurved (mesally); setose in basal 1/2; dorsally with 6 apicomesal lacinial teeth; ventrally with 3 reduced lacinial teeth. Palpiger with a transverse row of 3 setae, sclerotized on basal 2/3. -Maxillary palps. Palpomeres I and II both apically oblique, forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae. -Labium. Prementum roughly pentagonal; apical margins sinuate, strongly angulate; lateral margins incurved; basal margin arcuate. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, reaching apex of ligula; III slightly longer than II. - +Maxillary palps. Palpomeres I and II both apically oblique, forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae. +Labium. Prementum roughly pentagonal; apical margins sinuate, strongly angulate; lateral margins incurved; basal margin arcuate. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, reaching apex of ligula; III slightly longer than II. + Rostrum. Length 0.50-0.64 mm, anterior portion 1.5-2 -x +x broader than long, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.63-0.72, rostrum length/width ratio 1.37-1.43. Dorsal outline of rostrum sub-rectangular, anterior half of dorsal surface strongly impressed, posterior half strongly rugose. Rostrum in lateral view rectangular; apical margin with 2 large vibrissae. Nasal plate strongly defined by Y-shaped, impressed lines, convex, covered wth whitish scales. Margins of mandibular incision directed 30° outward dorsally in frontal view; ventrolateral sulci usually defined, beginning as a sulcus dorsad of insertion point of mandibles, running parallel to scrobe, becoming fainter posteriorly and disappearing ventrally. Dorsal surface of rostrum with median sulcus running from fovea at posterior end of anterior half rostrum to midpoint of posterior half of rostrum. Rostrum ventrally lacking foveae in line with insertion point of mandibles. Oral cavity with lateral margins strongly curved. - + Antennae. Dorsal margin of scrobe overhangs slightly (broadly, not forming a sharp tooth) ventrad of anterior margin of eye. Scape just extending to posterior 1/2 of eye. Funicular antennomeres evenly progressing from elongate to broader than long; terminal segment of equal length but wider than preceding segment and lacking appressed scales, having instead a covering of apically-directed pubescence with interspersed sub-erect setae. Club nearly 2.5 -x +x as long as wide, with setation and pubescence as in final segment of funicle. - + Head. Eyes separated in dorsal view by 4-5 -x +x their anterior-posterior length, touching anterior prothoracic margin. - + Pronotum. Length/width ratio 0.80-0.93, sub-cylindrical to conical; widest near anterior 1/4. Anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins feebly curved and widening into a slight bulge just past anterior 1/4 of pronotum, thence straight to posterior margin, posterior margin straight. Pronotum in lateral view with setae that reach beyond anterior margin; these setae becoming evenly longer laterally, reaching into anterior 1/2 of eye at their maximum length. Anterolateral margin with a reduced tuft of post-ocular vibrissae present, consisting of 5-7 setae, emerging near dorsal 1/2 of eye, becoming gradually, evenly longer ventrally, stopping just beneath ventral margin of eye; vibrissae achieving a maximum length 1/2-3/5 -x +x anterior-posterior length of eye. -Scutellum. Hidden in some specimens, narrowly exposed in others (visible area approximately equal to length of appressed scales), margins straight. -Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior 1/5 of metasternum. - +Scutellum. Hidden in some specimens, narrowly exposed in others (visible area approximately equal to length of appressed scales), margins straight. +Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior 1/5 of metasternum. + Thoracic sterna. Mesocoxal cavities separated by distance 1/3-1/2 -x +x width of mesocoxal cavity. Metasternum without apprent transverse sulcus; metacoxal cavities widely separated by 4-5 -x +x their width. -Legs. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.93-1.03; distal 1/5 of profemur produced ventrally as a nearly semicircular projection covering tibial joint. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.84-0.93; mucro reduced to a very small laterally projected tooth. Protarsus with tarsomere III equilateral. Metatibial apex with almond shaped convex ity ringed by 8 short, widely separated, spiniform setae. - -Elytra +Legs. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.93-1.03; distal 1/5 of profemur produced ventrally as a nearly semicircular projection covering tibial joint. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.84-0.93; mucro reduced to a very small laterally projected tooth. Protarsus with tarsomere III equilateral. Metatibial apex with almond shaped convex ity ringed by 8 short, widely separated, spiniform setae. + +Elytra . Length/width ratio 2.94-3.46; widest at anterior 1/3; anterior margins jointly 1.5-2 -x +x wider than posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins sub-parallel after anterior 1/4, more strongly rounded and converging in posterior 1/2. Elytra sculpted with a depression at anterior 1/3; posterior declivity angled at nearly 70° to main body axis. Punctures visible, deep and distinct in some specimens, separated by 3-4 -x +x their diameter. - + Abdominal sterna. Ventrite III elevated and set off from IV along lateral 1/4s of its length. Sternum VII mesally 3/5 -x +x as long as wide; setae darker, longer, and becoming more erect and setiform in mesal 1/2 of posterior 2/5; anterior margin weakly curved. -Tergum. Pygidium sub-conical; medial 1/3 of anterior 2/3 of pygidium less sclerotized, with a patch of very short, fine setae. - -Sternum +Tergum. Pygidium sub-conical; medial 1/3 of anterior 2/3 of pygidium less sclerotized, with a patch of very short, fine setae. + +Sternum VIII. Anterior laminar edges of spiculum ventrale each incurved forming a 100° angle with lateral margin; lamina more sclerotized medially. - + Ovipositor. Coxites in dorsal view 2 -x +x as long as broad; styli 3/4 -x +x length of coxites, with 4 long setae near base. - + Spermatheca. Comma-shaped; collum short, apically with hood-shaped projection sub-parallel to ramus, 2/3 -x +x length of ramus and contiously aligned with curvature of bulb of ramus; collum sub-contiguous with, and angled at 90° to ramus; ramus bulbous, slightly larger than collum; corpus not swollen, of equal thickness to collum and cornu; cornu elongate, apically gradually narrowed, strongly recurved in basal 1/4, gently curved along mesal 1/2, and curved and somewhat flattened near apical 1/4 such that apex is sub-parallel to hood-shaped projection of collum. - - + + Figure 16. Habitus of -Minyomerus languidus +Minyomerus languidus [JF2015], female A lateral view B dorsal view. - - + + Figure 17. Habitus of female holotype of -Minyomerus languidus +Minyomerus languidus [JF2015], located in the Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Images courtesy of MCZ Type Database, http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/mcz/Species_record.php?id=286 - - + + Figure 18. Diagnostic features and terminalia of -Minyomerus languidus +Minyomerus languidus [JF2015] A labial prementum, ventral view B lamina of sternum VIII C spermatheca. - -Male. -Not available or known. + +Male. +Not available or known. - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + Holotype (for -Minyomerus languidus +Minyomerus languidus sec. Horn [1876]) - female (only images seen: MCZ Type Database) "Cal/ Type No. 2800 [old ANSP number, red]/ Horn Coll H 8231/ -Minyomerus languidus -Horn/ MCZ TYPE 286 [red]" (MCZ); holotype (for -Pseudelissa cinerea -sec. Casey [1888]; junior synonym) "●Tex [Casey locality code: El Paso including both banks of the Riv. Grande which is here about 100 ft. in width]/ Casey bequest 1925/ Type USNM 35007 [red]/ -Pseudelissa cinerea -Cas" (USNM: 1 female). Additional specimens examined: "PORTAL, Ariz, 1 mi. E. i 6-VII-59, D.G. Kissinger, Acc. No. 510/ -Minyomerus languidus -, Horn, det. D.G. Kissinger" (CSCA: 5 females); "TEX. Briscoe Co. 27 mi. NE. Silverton, Hwy 70, V-14-1970/ Collector: C.W. -O'Brien" +Minyomerus languidus Horn +/ MCZ TYPE 286 [red]" (MCZ); holotype (for +Pseudelissa cinerea +sec. Casey [1888]; junior synonym) "●Tex [Casey locality code: El Paso including both banks of the Riv. +Grande +which is here about 100 ft. in width]/ Casey bequest 1925/ Type USNM 35007 [red]/ +Pseudelissa cinerea Cas +" (USNM: 1 female). Additional specimens examined: "PORTAL, Ariz, 1 mi. E. i 6-VII-59, D.G. Kissinger, Acc. No. 510/ +Minyomerus languidus, Horn +, det. D.G. Kissinger" (CSCA: 5 females); "TEX. Briscoe Co. 27 mi. NE. Silverton, Hwy 70, V-14-1970/ Collector: C.W. +O'Brien" (CWOB: 8 females) [4 females deposited at CMNC]; "AZ. Cochise Co, Hwy 186, 3 mi SE. Wilcox, on Blue Sky Road, 4200', Sept. 5, 2007/ sand dunes, LB. & C.W. -O'Brien +O'Brien , on -Atriplex +Atriplex [non-focal]" (CWOB: 3 females); "Ariz. 7 mi. S. Pearce 4150, Cochise Co., IX-7-1965/ on Astera[c]ea[e?] [non-focal], C.W. -O'Brien" +O'Brien" (CWOB: 4 females); "Tex. Pine Springs, Culberson Co., night 8-18-1970, C.W. -O'Brien" +O'Brien" (CWOB: 4 females); "Tex. Pine Springs, Culberson Co., night 8-18-1970, L.B. -O'Brien" +O'Brien" (CWOB: 13 females) [6 females deposited at CMNC]; "Socorro Co. NM, Sevilleta NWR, LTER Site 6, 11 Mar 1992/ 34 [series ID]" (CWOB: 1 female); "Socorro Co. NM, Sevilleta NWR, LTER Site 6, 27 May 1992/ 42 [series ID, part of series including 42, 43, 45, and 46]" (CWOB: 4 females). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + This species has been found in the desert and arid regions of east-central California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas (USA); - -O'Brien + +O'Brien and Wibmer (1982 : 46) also have Baja California listed, but this might be a result of a misidentification and confusion with -Minyomerus gravivultus +Minyomerus gravivultus [JF2015]. It is likely that its range also includes northern Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Sonora (Mexico), based on similarity in habitat to the currently known distribution (Fig. 51). - -Natural history. - + +Natural history. + Associated with creosote bush ( -Larrea tridentata +Larrea tridentata [DC.] Coville [non-focal]; -Zygophyllaceae +Zygophyllaceae [non-focal]), broomweed ( -Gutierrezia +Gutierrezia [non-focal] sp.; -Asteraceae +Asteraceae [non-focal]), and saltbush ( -Atriplex +Atriplex [non-focal] sp.; -Amaranthaceae +Amaranthaceae [non-focal]). This species is putatively considered parthenogenetic given the lack of male specimens across a range of sampling events. diff --git a/data/B2/05/BF/B205BF5F516D134D3F26BF5AD2020CCD.xml b/data/B2/05/BF/B205BF5F516D134D3F26BF5AD2020CCD.xml index b2a3518cd1b..ef3f6039632 100644 --- a/data/B2/05/BF/B205BF5F516D134D3F26BF5AD2020CCD.xml +++ b/data/B2/05/BF/B205BF5F516D134D3F26BF5AD2020CCD.xml @@ -1,224 +1,225 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 - - -Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + + + +Taxon classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae + - - -Minyomerus conicollis [JF2015] Green, 1920 sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) + + +Minyomerus conicollis [JF2015] Green, 1920 sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) Figs 12, 13, 14, 15 - - - -== -Minyomerus conicollis - -Green, 1920: 194 sec. Green (1920) + + +== +Minyomerus conicollis Green, 1920: 194 +sec. Green (1920) - -Diagnosis. - -Minyomerus conicollis + +Diagnosis. + +Minyomerus conicollis [JF2015] is readily distinguished from other congenerics by the highly convex elytra, and by the pronotum, in which the posterior -margin +margin is distinctly shorter than the anterior margin. The spermatheca is uniquely comma-shaped, with the ramus reduced, apically flattened and sub-contiguous with the collum. The aedeagus is unique in being membranous ventrally, and not fully sclerotized. - -Redescription - female. -Habitus. Length 2.80-3.42 mm, width 1.02-1.27 mm, length/width ratio 2.64-2.76, widest at anterior 1/5-1/4 of elytra. Integument orange-brown to black. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque) or with metallic reflections. Setae sub-recumbent. -Mandibles. Covered with opalescent scales, with 6 longer setae. - + +Redescription - female. +Habitus. Length 2.80-3.42 mm, width 1.02-1.27 mm, length/width ratio 2.64-2.76, widest at anterior 1/5-1/4 of elytra. Integument orange-brown to black. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque) or with metallic reflections. Setae sub-recumbent. +Mandibles. Covered with opalescent scales, with 6 longer setae. + Maxillae. Cardo bifurcate at base with an inner angle of ca. 100°, inner (mesal) arm 2 -x +x longer than outer arm, inner arm of equal width to outer arm, inner arm of bifurcation equal in length to apically outcurved arm. Stipes square, roughly equal in length to inner arm of bifurcation of cardo, with a single lateral seta. Galeo-lacinial complex apically incurved (mesally); complex membranous; setose in basal 2/3; dorsally with 8 apicomesal lacinial teeth; ventrally with 3 reduced lacinial teeth. Palpiger with a transverse row of 3 setae, sclerotized on basal 2/3. -Maxillary palps. Palpomeres I and II with apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, each with 1 apical seta; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to apical seta. -Labium. Prementum roughly trapezoidal, ventrally sub-planar throughout; apical margins sinuate, strongly angulate; lateral margins incurved; basal margin mesally nearly straight. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, reaching past apex of ligula; III slightly longer than II. - +Maxillary palps. Palpomeres I and II with apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, each with 1 apical seta; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to apical seta. +Labium. Prementum roughly trapezoidal, ventrally sub-planar throughout; apical margins sinuate, strongly angulate; lateral margins incurved; basal margin mesally nearly straight. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum, reaching past apex of ligula; III slightly longer than II. + Rostrum. Length 0.40-0.48 mm, anterior portion 2-2.25 -x +x broader than long, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.56-0.69, rostrum length/width ratio 1.01-1.24. Dorsal outline of rostrum sub-rectangular, anterior half of dorsal surface strongly impressed, posterior half sometimes weakly rugose. Rostrum in lateral view rectangular; apical margin with 2 large vibrissae. Nasal plate strongly defined by V-shaped, impressed lines, convex, integument completely covered with scales similar to those of body. Margins of mandibular incision directed 30° outward dorsally in frontal view; ventrolateral sulci usually undefined or weakly defined, beginning as a broad, shallow sulcus dorsad of insertion point of mandibles, running parallel to scrobe, becoming fainter posteriorly and disappearing ventrally; occasionally with a short, well defined sulcus dursad of insertion point of mandibles. Dorsal surface of rostrum with median sulcus present as a short, linear fovea posteriad of base of nasal plate; ventrolateral margins slightly converging anteriorly. Rostrum ventrally lacking sulci at corners of oral cavity. Oral cavity with lateral margins strongly curved. - + Antennae. Dorsal margin of scrobe overhangs slightly (broadly, not forming a sharp tooth) ventrad of anterior margin of eye. Club similar in length to funicular antennomeres IV-VII, nearly 2.5 -x +x as long as wide. - + Head. Eyes separated in dorsal view by 4 -x +x their anterior-posterior length, touching anterior prothoracic margin. - -Pronotum + +Pronotum . Slightly, but distinctly, longer than wide, length/width ratio 0.84-0.90, sub-conical; widest just anteriad of midline; median sulcus present, sometimes obscure. Anterior margin arcuate, subtly incurved medially, lateral margins feebly curved -and +and widening into a slight bulge just anteriad of midline, thence straight to posterior margin, posterior margin straight and shorter than anterior margin. Pronotum in lateral view with setae that just reach anterior margin at their maximum length. Anterolateral margin with a reduced tuft of post-ocular vibrissae present, consisting of 5-7 setae, emerging near ventral 1/3 of eye, becoming gradually, evenly longer ventrally, stopping just beneath ventral margin of eye; vibrissae achieving a maximum length 2/3-3/4 -x +x anterior-posterior length of eye. - + Scutellum. 1.5-2 -x +x longer than wide at base, margins straight. -Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior margin of metasternum. - +Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior margin of metasternum. + Thoracic sterna. Mesocoxal cavities separated by distance 1/4-1/3 -x +x width of mesocoxal cavity. Metasternum without apprent transverse sulcus; metacoxal cavities widely separated by 1.75-2.25 -x +x their width. - + Legs. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.98-1.06; profemur with distal 1/5 produced ventrally as a nearly square projection covering tibial joint. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.83-0.90; mucro reduced to a small laterally projected tooth. Protarsus with tarsomere I nearly 1.5 -x +x as long as II; I and III similar in length, III equilateral; I-III jointly similar in length to V. Metatibial apex with almond shaped convex ity ringed by 7 short, widely separated, spiniform setae. - + Elytra. Length/width ratio 3.21-3.46; widest at anterior 1/5-1/4; anterior margins jointly 2 -x +x wider than posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins sub-parallel after anterior 1/5, more strongly rounded and converging in posterior 1/2. Elytra in lateral view sculpted with a depression at anterior 1/3; posterior declivity angled at nearly 60° to main body axis. Elytral striae defined, punctate; punctures visible, deep and distinct in some specimens, separated by 3-6 -x +x their diameter. - + Abdominal sterna. Ventrite III elevated and set off from IV along lateral 1/4-1/3s of its length. Sternum VII mesally 1/2 -x +x as long as wide, with a strong medial concavity; anterior margin weakly curved. -Tergum. Pygidium (tergum VIII) sub-cylindrical; medial 1/3 of anterior 2/3 of pygidium less sclerotized. - -Sternum +Tergum. Pygidium (tergum VIII) sub-cylindrical; medial 1/3 of anterior 2/3 of pygidium less sclerotized. + +Sternum VIII. Anterior laminar edges each incurved forming a 100° angle with lateral margin; less sclerotized medially between arms; posterior edge medially incurved. - + Ovipositor. Coxites slightly sclerotized, in dorsal view 2 -x +x as long as broad. -Spermatheca. Comma-shaped; collum short, apically with a reduced hood-shaped projection; collum sub-contiguous with, and angled at 90° to ramus; ramus bulbous, slightly larger than collum and corpus; corpus swollen, of nearly equal thickness ramus and cornu; cornu elongate, apically gradually narrowed, strongly recurved in basal 1/4, gently curved along mesal 1/2, and curved and somewhat flattened near apical 1/4 such that apex is sub-parallel to hood-shaped projection of collum. +Spermatheca. Comma-shaped; collum short, apically with a reduced hood-shaped projection; collum sub-contiguous with, and angled at 90° to ramus; ramus bulbous, slightly larger than collum and corpus; corpus swollen, of nearly equal thickness ramus and cornu; cornu elongate, apically gradually narrowed, strongly recurved in basal 1/4, gently curved along mesal 1/2, and curved and somewhat flattened near apical 1/4 such that apex is sub-parallel to hood-shaped projection of collum. - -Male. -Similar to female, except where noted. Length 2.41-2.85 mm, width 0.90-0.99 mm, length/width ratio 2.53-2.94. Rostrum length 0.38-0.48 mm, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.58-0.81, rostrum length/width ratio 1.11-1.31. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.82-1.00. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 1.01-1.21, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.86-0.91. Elytra length/width ratio 2.90-3.30. -Elytra. Elytral declivity slightly more angulate, forming a 70° angle to main body axis, but otherwise as female. -Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 1/2 as long as wide. Tergum VII with posterior margin straight. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. -Sternum VIII. Consisting of 2 sub-contiguous, sub-triangular sclerites; posterior margins widely angulate. These projections located on lateral 2/5s of posterior margin, as long as sub-quadrate portion of lamina. Mesal 1/5 with a short, sub-trapezoidal projection. -Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 3.07-4.62; lateral margins gently converging posteriorly, abruptly more strongly converging posteriad of ostium. Width of pedon in lateral view becoming gradually narrower posteriorly in anterior 5/6, ventral margins in posterior 1/6 curved sharply outwardly to form a lobe, then abruptly curving to meet dorsal margins at a sharp apical point. Ostium elongate, basally open (sclerotized pedon not baso-ventrally entire), laterally emarginate, apical edge with a recurved invagination. Flagellum apically with a large, narrowly elongate, tortuous, ampullate sclerite, sclerite anteriorly gradually widened and recurved to form a small bulb, situated in anterior portion of flagellum. - - + +Male. +Similar to female, except where noted. Length 2.41-2.85 mm, width 0.90-0.99 mm, length/width ratio 2.53-2.94. Rostrum length 0.38-0.48 mm, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.58-0.81, rostrum length/width ratio 1.11-1.31. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.82-1.00. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 1.01-1.21, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.86-0.91. Elytra length/width ratio 2.90-3.30. +Elytra. Elytral declivity slightly more angulate, forming a 70° angle to main body axis, but otherwise as female. +Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 1/2 as long as wide. Tergum VII with posterior margin straight. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. +Sternum VIII. Consisting of 2 sub-contiguous, sub-triangular sclerites; posterior margins widely angulate. These projections located on lateral 2/5s of posterior margin, as long as sub-quadrate portion of lamina. Mesal 1/5 with a short, sub-trapezoidal projection. +Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 3.07-4.62; lateral margins gently converging posteriorly, abruptly more strongly converging posteriad of ostium. Width of pedon in lateral view becoming gradually narrower posteriorly in anterior 5/6, ventral margins in posterior 1/6 curved sharply outwardly to form a lobe, then abruptly curving to meet dorsal margins at a sharp apical point. Ostium elongate, basally open (sclerotized pedon not baso-ventrally entire), laterally emarginate, apical edge with a recurved invagination. Flagellum apically with a large, narrowly elongate, tortuous, ampullate sclerite, sclerite anteriorly gradually widened and recurved to form a small bulb, situated in anterior portion of flagellum. + + Figure 12. Habitus of -Minyomerus conicollis +Minyomerus conicollis [JF2015], male A lateral view B dorsal view. - - + + Figure 13. Diagnostic features and terminalia of -Minyomerus conicollis +Minyomerus conicollis [JF2015] A labial prementum, ventral view B lamina of sternum VIII. - - + + Figure 14. Terminalia of -Minyomerus conicollis +Minyomerus conicollis [JF2015], female A ovipositor, apex, dorsal view B ovipositor, dorsal view C sternum VIII D spermatheca. - - + + Figure 15. Terminalia of -Minyomerus conicollis +Minyomerus conicollis [JF2015], male A aedeagus, dorsal view B aedeagus, lateral view C spiculum gastrale D aedeagal tegmen E sternum VIII. - -Comments. -This species exhibits some variation in the sculpture of the prothorax, which can be more or less rugose depending on the specimen. + +Comments. +This species exhibits some variation in the sculpture of the prothorax, which can be more or less rugose depending on the specimen. - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + Paratypes - 1 female "Green Val, VII 15 Tex/ Brewster Co., J.W. Green/ Paratype, -Minyomerus conicollis -Green. [red]/ J.W. Green Collection/ -Minyomerus conicollis +Minyomerus conicollis Green. +[red]/ J.W. Green Collection/ +Minyomerus conicollis " (CAS); "Green Val, VII 15 Tex/ Brewster Co., J.W. Green/ Paratype, -Minyomerus conicollis -, Green./ USNM, Paratype, 54992/ -Minyomerus conicollis -Green" (USNM: 1 female). Additional specimens examined: "Tex. 57 mi S Alpine, Brewster Co. 6-6-1970/ Collectors: L&C.W. -O'Brien" +Minyomerus conicollis, Green. +/ USNM, Paratype, 54992/ +Minyomerus conicollis Green +" (USNM: 1 female). Additional specimens examined: "Tex. 57 mi S Alpine, Brewster Co. 6-6-1970/ Collectors: L&C.W. +O'Brien" (CWOB: 2 males); "Tex. 51 mi S Alpine, Brewster Co. 6-6-1970/ Collectors: L&C.W. -O'Brien" +O'Brien" (CWOB: 2 males); "TEXAS: Rio Grande Vill., Big Bend -Nat'l +Nat'l . Park, June 7, 1972, W. E. Clark" (TAMU: 19 females, 27 males); "TEXAS: Rio Grande Villiage, Big Bend -Nat'l +Nat'l . Park, 8-VI-1972, -W +W . E. Clark" (TAMU: 1 female); "12 miles nw., Presidio, Texas, June 24, 1968, J. E. Hafernik (TAMU: 1 female)"; "6 miles south of Dell City, Texas, VI-29-1991, Creosote Bush, W.F. Chamberlain" (TAMU: 4 females, 4 males); "TEXAS: Brewster Co., Black Gap Wdlf. Mgt. Ar., VI-5-1994, Coll. E. G. Riley" (TAMU: 1 male); "3 miles north Presidio, Texas, June 17, 1968, J.E. Hafernik" (TAMU: 7 females, 6 males): "3 miles north Presidio, Texas, June 13, 1968, J.E. Hafernik" (TAMU: 5 females, 3 males): "12 mi. s. Marfa, Texas IX-30-66, C. L. Cole" (TAMU: 1 female). - -Distribution. -This species has been found in the Big Bend region of Texas (USA), and is likely also found in Coahuila and Chihuahua (Mexico) (Fig. 51). + +Distribution. +This species has been found in the Big Bend region of Texas (USA), and is likely also found in Coahuila and Chihuahua (Mexico) (Fig. 51). - -Natural history. - + +Natural history. + Associated with creosote bush ( -Larrea tridentata +Larrea tridentata [DC.] Coville [non-focal]; -Zygophyllaceae +Zygophyllaceae [non-focal]). diff --git a/data/B8/7D/C0/B87DC076AAAEE6739F4B737A3CEACCEB.xml b/data/B8/7D/C0/B87DC076AAAEE6739F4B737A3CEACCEB.xml index ed0be77f011..e7dc8fad2f8 100644 --- a/data/B8/7D/C0/B87DC076AAAEE6739F4B737A3CEACCEB.xml +++ b/data/B8/7D/C0/B87DC076AAAEE6739F4B737A3CEACCEB.xml @@ -1,217 +1,223 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 - - -Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + + + +Taxon classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae + - - -Minyomerus laticeps [JF2015] (Casey, 1888) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) + + +Minyomerus laticeps [JF2015] (Casey, 1888) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) Figs 9, 10, 11 - - -== AND = Elissa laticeps -Casey, 1888: 272 sec. Casey (1888) + + +== AND = +Elissa laticeps Casey, 1888: 272 +sec. Casey (1888) - -Diagnosis. - -Minyomerus laticeps + +Diagnosis. + +Minyomerus laticeps [JF2015] is most easily distinguished from other congenerics by the unique shape of the head, which is very wide and only somewhat swollen between the eyes. The rostrum is also much wider than long, and the nasal plate is weakly impressed. Additionally, the anterior margin of the prothorax is larger than the posterior margin and bears a well-developed tuft of post-ocular vibrissae. The spermatheca is unique in having the ramus stalked, with the apical bulb abruptly constricted, not tapering, at the point of connection with the stalk. The small, sub-recumbent setae and lack of separation of the procoxae help to distinguish this species from -Minyomerus griseus +Minyomerus griseus [JF2015] and -Minyomerus rutellirostris +Minyomerus rutellirostris [JF2015]. - -Redescription - female. -Habitus. Length 3.90-5.74 mm, width 1.51-2.22 mm, length/width ratio 2.37-2.63, widest at anterior 1/4 of elytra. Integument tan, orange-brown to dark brown. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from slightly off-white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque). Setae sparse throughout, short, sub-recumbent. -Mandibles. Covered with opalescent scales, with 4 longer setae, and a number of shorter interspersed setae. - + +Redescription - female. +Habitus. Length 3.90-5.74 mm, width 1.51-2.22 mm, length/width ratio 2.37-2.63, widest at anterior 1/4 of elytra. Integument tan, orange-brown to dark brown. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from slightly off-white to manila/tan to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque). Setae sparse throughout, short, sub-recumbent. +Mandibles. Covered with opalescent scales, with 4 longer setae, and a number of shorter interspersed setae. + Maxillae. Cardo bifurcate at base with an inner angle of ca. 90°, arms of equal length, inner (mesal) arm 1.5 -x +x thicker than outer arm, both arms of bifurcation equal in length to apically outcurved arm. Stipes sub-quadrate, slightly longer than wide, roughly equal in length to each bifurcation of cardo, glabrous. Galeo-lacinial complex mesally membranous, laterally sclerotized, with sharp demarcation of sclerotized region separating palpiger from galeo-lacinial complex; setose in membranous area just adjacent to sclerotized region, setae covering half of dorsal surface area; dorsally with 8 apicomesal lacinial teeth; ventrally with 5 reduced lacinial teeth. Palpiger with a row of setae extending laterally along basal 1/2, thereafter becoming abruptly transverse; anterior 1/2 membranous. -Maxillary palps. I and II both apically oblique, apical ends forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to 2 apical setae. -Labium. Prementum roughly hexagonal; apical margin laterally incurved, angulate. Labial palps 3-segmented, II with apical 1/3 projecting beyond margin of prementum, but not reaching apex of ligula; III slightly longer than II. - +Maxillary palps. I and II both apically oblique, apical ends forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to 2 apical setae. +Labium. Prementum roughly hexagonal; apical margin laterally incurved, angulate. Labial palps 3-segmented, II with apical 1/3 projecting beyond margin of prementum, but not reaching apex of ligula; III slightly longer than II. + Rostrum. Length 0.52-0.73 mm, anterior portion 3-4 -x +x broader than long, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.53-0.61, rostrum length/width ratio 0.73-0.89; shape in cross section elongate-rectangular. Dorsal outline of rostrum sub-rectangular, posterior half of dorsal surface strongly rugose. Rostrum in lateral view nearly square; apical margin with 2 large vibrissae. Nasal plate weakly defined by V-shaped, impressed lines, slightly convex, with opalescent scales. Margins of mandibular incision directed 15° outward dorsally in frontal view; ventrolateral sulci usually weakly defined or obscure, if strongly defined then only as a notch dorsad of insertion point of mandibles. Dorsal surface of rostrum transversely impressed (strongly or weakly in some specimens), with median sulcus running from fovea at posterior end of rostrum to imaginary transverse line between anterior margins of eyes. Oral cavity with lateral margins feebly curved. - + Antennae. Scrobe continuing to anterior 1/2 of eye; small tooth formed by overhanging dorsal margin of scrobe ventrad of anterior 1/3 of eye. Scape nearly extending to posterior margin of eye. Terminal funicular antennomere lacking appressed scales, having instead a covering of apically-directed pubescence with interspersed sub-erect setae. Club nearly 3 -x +x as long as wide, with setation and pubescence as in final segment of funicle. - + Head. Eyes with posterior margin slightly elevated from lateral surface of head; eyes separated in dorsal view by 4 -x +x their anterior-posterior length, set off from anterior prothoracic margin by 1/3 of their anterior-posterior length. Head between eyes rugose and slightly bulging, appearing flat in some specimens. Head without any transverse post-ocular impression. -Pronotum. Length/width ratio 0.75-0.89, sub-cylindrical to slightly globular; widest after midpoint before anterior constriction. Anterior margin nearly straight, subtly incurving mesally, lateral margins feebly curved, posterior margin incurved. Pronotum in lateral view with setae that barely reach beyond anterior margin. Anterolateral margin with a tuft of post-ocular vibrissae present, emerging near dorsal margin of eye, becoming gradually, evenly longer ventrally, stopping just above ventral margin of eye; vibrissae achieving a maximum length nearly as long as anterior-posterior length of eye. -Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior 1/4 of metasternum. - +Pronotum. Length/width ratio 0.75-0.89, sub-cylindrical to slightly globular; widest after midpoint before anterior constriction. Anterior margin nearly straight, subtly incurving mesally, lateral margins feebly curved, posterior margin incurved. Pronotum in lateral view with setae that barely reach beyond anterior margin. Anterolateral margin with a tuft of post-ocular vibrissae present, emerging near dorsal margin of eye, becoming gradually, evenly longer ventrally, stopping just above ventral margin of eye; vibrissae achieving a maximum length nearly as long as anterior-posterior length of eye. +Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior 1/4 of metasternum. + Thoracic sterna. Mesocoxal cavities separated by distance 1/3-2/5 -x +x width of mesocoxal cavity. Metasternum with transverse sulcus usually apparent (faint in some specimens); metacoxal cavities widely separated by 3-4 -x +x their width. - -Legs + +Legs . Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.96-1.09; distal 1/5 of profemur produced ventrally as a semicircular projection covering tibial joint. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.88-0.91; protibia with ventral setal comb recessed in a broadly concave groove, setal comb unbroken, but becoming thinner and sparser anteriorly; mucro reduced to a very small laterally projected tooth. Protarsus with tarsomeres II and III similar in length, equilateral. Metatibial apex with almond shaped convex ity ringed by 8 short, widely separated, spiniform setae. - + Elytra. Length/width ratio 2.74-2.95; widest at anterior 1/4; anterior margins jointly 1.25-1.50 -x +x wider than posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins sub-parallel after anterior 1/4, more strongly rounded and converging in posterior 1/2. Posterior declivity angled at nearly 70° to main body axis. Elytra with striae shallow, punctate, punctures faint beneath appressed scales, separated by 3-4 -x +x their diameter; intervals very slightly elevated. - + Abdominal sterna. Ventrite III elevated and set off from IV along lateral 1/4s of its length, anteriorly planar. Sternum VII mesally 3/5-2/3 -x +x as long as wide; setae darkening, lengthening, and becoming more erect in posterior 1/4; anterior margin weakly curved. -Tergum. Pygidium sub-cylindrical; medial 1/5 of anterior 2/3 of pygidium less sclerotized, with a patch of very short, fine setae. -Sternum VIII. Anterior laminar edges of spiculum ventrale each incurved forming a 110° angle with lateral margin; lamina more sclerotized medially. Ovipositor. Coxites nearly as broad as long. - +Tergum. Pygidium sub-cylindrical; medial 1/5 of anterior 2/3 of pygidium less sclerotized, with a patch of very short, fine setae. +Sternum VIII. Anterior laminar edges of spiculum ventrale each incurved forming a 110° angle with lateral margin; lamina more sclerotized medially. Ovipositor. Coxites nearly as broad as long. + Spermatheca.?-shaped; collum short, apically with a large, hood-shaped projection sub-parallel to ramus, nearly equal in length and contiously aligned with curvature of bulb of ramus; collum sub-contiguous with, and angled at 45°-60° to ramus; ramus basally elongate, forming a stalk (length variable among examined specimens), bulbous apically, 4 -x +x thicker than stalk; corpus not swollen, of equal thickness to collum and cornu; cornu elongate, apically, gradually narrowed, strongly recurved in basal 1/4, straight along mesal 1/2, and curved near apical 1/4 such that apex is parallel to collum and corpus. - - + + Figure 9. Habitus of -Minyomerus laticeps +Minyomerus laticeps [JF2015], female A lateral view B dorsal view. - - + + Figure 10. Mouthparts of -Minyomerus laticeps +Minyomerus laticeps [JF2015] A labial prementum, ventral view B left maxilla, ventral view. - - + + Figure 11. Terminalia of -Minyomerus laticeps +Minyomerus laticeps [JF2015], female A spermatheca B lamina of sternum VIII C aedeagus, lateral view D aedeagus, dorsal view. - -Male. -Similar to female, except where noted. Length 3.50-4.67 mm, width 1.26-1.70 mm, length/width ratio 1.77-1.96. Rostrum length 0.60-0.77 mm, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.53-0.61, rostrum length/width ratio 0.73-0.89. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.75-0.82. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 1.17-1.25, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.85-0.96. Elytra length/width ratio 2.88-3.10. -Elytra. Generally shorter and narrower relative to pronotum, but otherwise as female. -Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 1/2 -3/5 as long as wide. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with mesal 1/3 of posterior margin nearly straight; posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. -Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 4.25-4.71; lateral margins very slightly converging posteriorly, diverging in region of ostium, then converging into a large, spadiform projection that is roughly the size of the ostium. In lateral view, width of pedon becoming gradually narrower posteriorly in anterior 2/3, ventral margins in posterior 1/3 becoming straight towards apex; apex acutely angulate. Flagellum apically with a small, sub-cylindrical sclerite, sclerite posteriorly with two small, lateral flanges. + +Male. +Similar to female, except where noted. Length 3.50-4.67 mm, width 1.26-1.70 mm, length/width ratio 1.77-1.96. Rostrum length 0.60-0.77 mm, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.53-0.61, rostrum length/width ratio 0.73-0.89. Pronotum length/width ratio 0.75-0.82. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 1.17-1.25, protibia/profemur length ratio 0.85-0.96. Elytra length/width ratio 2.88-3.10. +Elytra. Generally shorter and narrower relative to pronotum, but otherwise as female. +Abdomen. Sternum VII slightly more broadly arcuate posteriorly, 1/2 -3/5 as long as wide. Pygidium (tergum VIII) with mesal 1/3 of posterior margin nearly straight; posterior 1/2 punctate; anterior 1/2 rugose. +Aedeagus. Length/width ratio 4.25-4.71; lateral margins very slightly converging posteriorly, diverging in region of ostium, then converging into a large, spadiform projection that is roughly the size of the ostium. In lateral view, width of pedon becoming gradually narrower posteriorly in anterior 2/3, ventral margins in posterior 1/3 becoming straight towards apex; apex acutely angulate. Flagellum apically with a small, sub-cylindrical sclerite, sclerite posteriorly with two small, lateral flanges. - - -Comments + + +Comments . -Specimens can vary somewhat in color, from dark brown to beige. Some specimens exhibit a relatively narrower prothorax, depending on the locality. The bulging of the head and form of the rostrum can also vary slightly, with some specimens exhibiting a smaller rostrum and more bulbous head. +Specimens can vary somewhat in color, from dark brown to beige. Some specimens exhibit a relatively narrower prothorax, depending on the locality. The bulging of the head and form of the rostrum can also vary slightly, with some specimens exhibiting a smaller rostrum and more bulbous head. - -Material examined. - -Holotype - female "●Tex [Casey locality code: El Paso including both banks of the River Grande which is here about 100 ft. in width]/ Casey bequest 1925/ Type USNM 35005 [red]/ -Elissa laticeps -Cas" (USNM). Syntypes - "Ari● [Casey locality code: Benson (Collected by G.W. Dunn)]/ Type USNM? Syntype [red]/ -Elissa laticeps + +Material examined. + +Holotype - female "●Tex [Casey locality code: El Paso including both banks of the River +Grande +which is here about 100 ft. in width]/ Casey bequest 1925/ Type USNM 35005 [red]/ +Elissa laticeps Cas +" (USNM). Syntypes - "Ari● [Casey locality code: Benson (Collected by G.W. Dunn)]/ Type USNM? Syntype [red]/ +Elissa laticeps 10785 Casey" (USNM: 1 female); "Ari●/ Casey bequest 1925/ Casey determ. laticeps-2 [part of series, ranging 2-6]/ Type USNM Syntype? [red]" (USNM: 5 females). Additional specimens examined: "Cochise Co., Ariz, T17S-R31-E-3--, 27 VIII 59, 092/ -Minyomerus laticeps +Minyomerus laticeps , det. D.G. Kissinger" (CSCA: 3 females); "N. Mex. 17 mi. NE. Las Cruces, Jornada Expt. Rge. X-3-1970/ -Larrea tridentata +Larrea tridentata [non-focal] at night, C.W. -O'Brien +O'Brien / Compared with type -Elissa laticeps -Csy 1977 [green]" (CWOB: 8 females); "TEX. Big Bend N.P. Grapevine Hills Ranch, III-27-1970/ on mesquite, C.W. -O'Brien" +Elissa laticeps Csy 1977 +[green]" (CWOB: 8 females); "TEX. Big Bend N.P. Grapevine Hills Ranch, III-27-1970/ on mesquite, C.W. +O'Brien" (CWOB: 1 female); "TEX. 57 mi. S. Alpine, Brewster Co. 6-6-1970/ Collectors: L&C.W. -O'Brien" +O'Brien" (CWOB: 1 female); "AZ, Pima Co. 1 mi. N. Hwy 86, 2 mi. S, San Pedro, Sept. 8 2008 CW. -O'Brien +O'Brien / on -Larrea tridentata +Larrea tridentata [non-focal]" (CWOB: 4 females); "Ariz.: Coch. Co., 5 mi N Portal, IX-21-1976, DS Chandler" (CWOB: 1 female); "MEX., Coah. 23 mi. W. Saltillo 4200', night 8-20-1971, -O'Briens +O'Briens & Marshall" (CWOB: 59 females) [15 females deposited at CMNC]; "MEX., Coah. 4 mi. W. Saltillo 5600', night 8-20-1971, -O'Briens +O'Briens & Marshall" (CWOB: 3 females); "MEX., Coah. 13 mi. W. Saltillo night, 4850' 8-20-1971, -O'Briens +O'Briens & Marshall" (CWOB: 3 females); "MEX. 14 mi. W. Monterrey, x-18-1970, C.W. -O'Brien" +O'Brien" (CWOB: 5 females); "Presidio Tex, X-28-44, JHRussel/ on -Larrea divaricata +Larrea divaricata [non-focal], foliage, 44-26374" (USNM: 10 males, 10 females). - -Distribution. -This species has been found in the desert and arid regions of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas (USA), Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Baja California Sur (Mexico). It is likely that its range also includes southern California (USA), Baja California, northern Chihuahua, and Sonora (Mexico), based on similarity in habitat to the currently known distribution (Fig. 50). + +Distribution. +This species has been found in the desert and arid regions of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas (USA), Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Baja California Sur (Mexico). It is likely that its range also includes southern California (USA), Baja California, northern Chihuahua, and Sonora (Mexico), based on similarity in habitat to the currently known distribution (Fig. 50). - -Natural history. - + +Natural history. + Associated with creosote bush ( -Larrea tridentata +Larrea tridentata [DC.] Coville [non-focal]; -Zygophyllaceae +Zygophyllaceae [non-focal]) and mesquite ( -Prosopis +Prosopis [non-focal] spp.; -Fabaceae +Fabaceae [non-focal]). diff --git a/data/D0/B1/F0/D0B1F056957A49BD7A21892BBD7B90AC.xml b/data/D0/B1/F0/D0B1F056957A49BD7A21892BBD7B90AC.xml index f53dc1a5050..b296c5e8e3d 100644 --- a/data/D0/B1/F0/D0B1F056957A49BD7A21892BBD7B90AC.xml +++ b/data/D0/B1/F0/D0B1F056957A49BD7A21892BBD7B90AC.xml @@ -1,279 +1,283 @@ - - - -Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments + + + +Phylogenetic revision of Minyomerus Horn, 1876 sec. Jansen & Franz, 2015 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) using taxonomic concept annotations and alignments - - -Author + + +Author -Jansen, M. Andrew +Jansen, M. Andrew - - -Author + + +Author -Franz, Nico M. +Franz, Nico M. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -528 + +2015 + +528 - -1 -133 + +1 +133 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 -1313-2970-528-1 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 -7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.528.6001 +1313-2970-528-1 +7BABDD295E484320B8964E8306B0ECE8 - - - -Taxon -classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae + + + +Taxon +classification Animalia +Coleoptera +Curculionidae - - -Minyomerus microps [JF2015] (Say, 1831) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) + + +Minyomerus microps [JF2015] (Say, 1831) sec. Jansen & Franz (2015) Figs 19, 20, 21, 22 - - - -== -(INT) AND> (OST) AND = Thylacites microps + + +== +(INT) AND> (OST) AND = +Thylacites microps Say, 1831: 9 +sec. Say (1831) (transferred to + +Minyomerus +Blackwelder and Blackwelder [1948] -Say, 1831: 9 sec. Say (1831) (transferred to -Minyomerus -Blackwelder and Blackwelder [1948] on the authority of Buchanan in litt. by Blackwelder and Blackwelder, 1948: 46) - -== (INT) AND> (OST) AND = Thylacites microsus -Boheman, 1833: 523 sec. Boheman (1833) (synonymized by LeConte, 1859: 286) + +== (INT) AND> (OST) AND = +Thylacites microsus Boheman, 1833: 523 +sec. Boheman (1833) (synonymized by LeConte, 1859: 286) - -== (INT) AND> (OST) AND = Minyomerus innocuus -Horn, 1876: 18 sec. Horn (1876) (formerly recognized type, designated by Pierce, 1913: 400), syn. n. + +== (INT) AND> (OST) AND = +Minyomerus innocuus Horn, 1876: 18 +sec. Horn (1876) (formerly recognized type, designated by Pierce, 1913: 400), syn. n. - -Nomenclatural and taxonomic emendations. - + +Nomenclatural and taxonomic emendations. + Taxonomic comparison of the type specimen of -Minyomerus microps +Minyomerus microps and the holotype of -Minyomerus innocuus +Minyomerus innocuus reveals that they are conspecific in the context of the present revision. We therefore propose that -Minyomerus innocuus +Minyomerus innocuus sec. Horn (1876) be changed to junior synonymy of -Minyomerus microps +Minyomerus microps [JF2015]. The Discussion further elucidates the historical and present use and status of this species. - - -Diagnosis + + +Diagnosis . - -Minyomerus microps + +Minyomerus microps [JF2015] is best differentiated from other congenerics by a combination of characters. The pronotum is anteriorly constricted, and has a reduced tuft of post-ocular vibrissae present on the anterior margin. The elytral setae are small, subrecumbent, and linear. The scales have a unique optical property that gives them a very -'crusty' +'crusty' appearance generally. The elytra and prothorax are often quite bulky compared to other species, and the elytral striae are often roughly and broadly sculpted, but not punctate. The spematheca is also very distinctive in having the ramus and collum appearing as two subcontiguous apically invaginated bulbs. - -Redescription - female. - + +Redescription - female. + Habitus. Length 3.73-4.02 mm, width 1.834-1.557 mm, shape sub-cylindrical to ovate, length/width ratio 2.18-2.40, widest at anterior 1/4 of elytra. Integument dark brown to black. Scales with variously interspersed colors ranging from slightly beige to grey to dark coffee brown, in some specimens appearing semi-translucent (in others opaque) or having blue-green hues, optical effect of scales giving a distinctly -'crusty' +'crusty' appearance. Setae sub-recumbent. -Mandibles. Covered with elliptical, beige scales, with 2 pairs of longer setae, and a 1 shorter seta between these pairs. - +Mandibles. Covered with elliptical, beige scales, with 2 pairs of longer setae, and a 1 shorter seta between these pairs. + Maxillae. Cardo 2 -x +x as long as distance from base of palpomere I to base of palpiger, as wide as palpomere III, bifurcate at base with an inner angle of ca. 135°, inner (mesal) arm 3 -x +x length of outer arm, inner arm as thick as outer arm, inner arm of bifurcation equal in length to apically outcurved arm. Stipes sub-quadrate, slightly longer than wide, roughly equal in length to inner arm of bifurcation of cardo, with 1 lateral seta. Galeo-lacinial complex membranous, with sharp demarcation separating palpiger from galeo-lacinial complex; setose in posterior 2/3; dorsally with 8 apicomesal lacinial teeth; ventrally with 1 reduced lacinial tooth. Palpiger with a transverse row of setae extending laterally just posteriad of palpomere I. -Maxillary palps. Three-segmented; I and II both apically oblique, apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to 2 apical setae. -Labium. Prementum roughly pentagonal; apical margin nearly straight, angulate; each basolateral region with 1 long seta. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum and reaching apex of ligula; both with 1 apical seta; III longer than II. - +Maxillary palps. Three-segmented; I and II both apically oblique, apical ends facing mesally and forming a 45° angle with base, I and II each with 2 apical setae; II with 1 mesoventral seta in addition to 2 apical setae. +Labium. Prementum roughly pentagonal; apical margin nearly straight, angulate; each basolateral region with 1 long seta. Labial palps 3-segmented, I with apical 1/2 projecting beyond margin of prementum and reaching apex of ligula; both with 1 apical seta; III longer than II. + Rostrum. Length 0.46-0.57 mm, anterior portion 1.5-2 -x +x broader than long, rostrum/pronotum length ratio 0.49-0.56, rostrum length/width ratio 1.02-1.26; shape in cross section rectangular to square. Dorsal outline of rostrum sub-rectangular, posterior half of dorsal surface strongly rugose. Rostrum in lateral view sub-rectangular; basal half of dorsolateral margins very strongly converging anteriorly; apical margin with 2 large vibrissae. Nasal plate defined (sometimes weakly) by Y-shaped, impressed lines, slightly convex, weakly elevated from impressed lines, integument posteriorly covered with scales like those of rest of body, anteriorly with elliptical, white to beige colored scales. Margins of mandibular incision ventrally slightly curved, directed 30° outward dorsally in frontal view. Ventrolateral sulci usually weakly defined (in some specimens entirely obscure) except for endpoints, beginning as a notch dorsad of in -sertion +sertion point of mandibles, continuing parallel to scrobe, and terminating in a fovea ventrad of anterior margin of eye. Dorsal surface of rostrum with short median sulcus running from fovea at posterior end of rostrum, nearly 1/2 -x +x median length of nasal plate. Oral cavity with lateral margins feebly curved. - -Antennae + +Antennae . Minute tooth formed by overhanging dorsal margin of scrobe anterior to margin of eye by 1/3 of length of eye. Club 3-3.5 -x +x as long as wide. - + Head. Eyes separated in dorsal view by 4-5 -x +x their anterior-posterior length, set off from anterior prothoracic margin by 1/3 of their anterior-posterior length. Head between eyes rugose and slightly bulging, appearing nearly flat in some specimens. - + Pronotum. Overall slightly wider than long, length/width ratio 0.80-0.91, sub-cylindrical to slightly globular; median sulcus absent. Anterior margin curved, posterior margin nearly straight. Pronotum in lateral view with setae that reach midpoint between base of seta and anterior margin. Anterolateral margin with a reduced tuft of -3 +3 -4 ocular vibrissae present, emerging near ventral 1/2 of eye, becoming longer ventrally, stopping just above ventral margin of eye; vibrissae achieving a maximum length nearly 3/5 -x +x anterior-posterior length of eye. -Scutellum. Not or only very minutely exposed. -Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior 1/2 of metasternum; metepimeron entirely covered by elytron. - +Scutellum. Not or only very minutely exposed. +Pleurites. Metepisternum covered by elytron near posterior 1/2 of metasternum; metepimeron entirely covered by elytron. + Thoracic sterna. Mesocoxal cavities separated by distance 1/4-1/3 -x +x width of mesocoxal cavity. Metasternum without apparent transverse sulcus; metacoxal cavities widely separated by 3-4 -x +x their width. - + Legs. Profemur/pronotum length ratio 0.88-0.97; profemur with distal 1/5 produced ventrally as a short, sub-rectangular projection covering tibial joint. Protibia/profemur length ratio 0.86-0.90; mucro reduced to a very small laterally projected -tooth +tooth . Metatibial apex with almond shaped convex ity ringed by 10 short, widely separated, spiniform setae. - + Elytra. Length/width ratio 2.58-2.86; widest at anterior 1/4; anterior margins jointly 1.5-1.75 -x +x wider than posterior margin of pronotum, curved posteriorly; humeri broadly rounded, not strongly projected; lateral margins gently curving after anterior 1/4, more strongly rounded and converging in posterior 1/2. Elytra in lateral view broadly convex, in some specimens planar; posterior declivity angled at nearly 55° to main body axis. Elytral striae usually broadly sculpted, occasionally appearing shallow, punctate; punctures faint beneath appressed scales, separated by 6-8 -x +x their diameter; intervals elevated (more or less depending on specimen); scales overall generally appearing grey and drably colored. - + Abdominal sterna. Ventrite III with posterior 3/4 abruptly elevated, posterior margin inconspicuous mesally, III and IV folding into a sulcus along lateral 1/3s of their length. Sternum VII mesally 1/2 -x +x as long as wide, sub-trapezoidal; setae lengthening, and becoming more erect and setiform in posterior 1/3; anterior margin straight; posterior margin nearly straight, emarginate, and rimmed with short, posteriorly directed setae. - -Tergum + +Tergum . Pygidium (tergum VIII) sub-cylindrical. -Sternum VIII. Anterior laminar edges each incurved forming a 135° angle with lateral margin; more sclerotized medially; posterior edge mesally incurved. - +Sternum VIII. Anterior laminar edges each incurved forming a 135° angle with lateral margin; more sclerotized medially; posterior edge mesally incurved. + Ovipositor. Coxites 1.5 -x +x longer than wide; styli 1/3 -x +x maximum length of coxites, with 2-3 long setae near base. - + Spermatheca. -"U" +"U" -shaped; collum long, 1/2 -x +x length of cornu, thickening posteriorly to attain a width of 1/2-3/4 -x +x length of ramus, thence constricted to base of ramus, appearing (from -"above" +"above" ) like a wide bowl, collum sub-contiguous with, and angled at 90° to ramus; ramus bulbous and short, 1/2 -x +x length of collum; corpus not swollen, of equal thickness to collum and cornu; cornu elongate, narrowed slightly apically, roughly equal to joint length of collum and corpus, inner angle between cornu and collum nearly 50°. - - + + Figure 19. Habitus of -Minyomerus microps +Minyomerus microps [JF2015], female A lateral view B dorsal view. - - + + Figure 20. Habitus of female holotype of -Minyomerus microps +Minyomerus microps [JF2015], located in the Naturhistorika Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden. Images courtesy of Jens Prena. - - + + Figure 21. Habitus of female holotype of -Minyomerus innocuus +Minyomerus innocuus [JF2015], located in the Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Images courtesy of MCZ Type Database, http//insects.oeb.harvard.edu/mcz/Species_record.php?id=4892 - - + + Figure 22. Diagnostic features and terminalia of -Minyomerus microps +Minyomerus microps [JF2015] A labial prementum, ventral view B lamina of sternum VIII C spermatheca. - -Male. -Not available or known. + +Male. +Not available or known. - -Comments. -Members of this species exhibit varying degrees of elevation of the elytral intervals and sculpture of the pronotum. + +Comments. +Members of this species exhibit varying degrees of elevation of the elytral intervals and sculpture of the pronotum. - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + Holotype (for -Thylacites microps +Thylacites microps sec. Say [1831]) - female (only images seen; Fig. 20) " -Curculio microsus +Curculio microsus ., Say., Missuri. Say./ typus [red]" (NHRS); holotype (for -Minyomerus innocuus +Minyomerus innocuus sec. Horn [1876]; junior synonym) - female (only images seen; Fig. 21) "[Pale green disk: United States - Nebraska, Kansas, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana]/ 1824/ -Minyomerus innocuus -Horn/ Type 5158" (MCZ). Additional specimens examined: "Havre. Mon., Wickham, June 10-11/ compared with type, -Minyomerus innocuus +Minyomerus innocuus Horn +/ Type 5158" (MCZ). Additional specimens examined: "Havre. Mon., Wickham, June 10-11/ compared with type, +Minyomerus innocuus [this label appears on CWOB specimens]" (BYU: 1 female; CAS: 5 females; CWOB: 2 females); "CAN. Alta., 0.5 mi. W. Bindloss, VI-20-1967/ sagebrush, at night, A.G. Raske" (CWOB: 3 females); "Medicine Hat, Alta., 9-VI-1928/ F.S. Carr, Collector" (CAS: 2 females); "Medicine Hat, Alta., F.S. Carr" (BYU: 2 females); "Medicine Hat, Alb-5-28" (BYU: 3 females); "ALBERTA, Hwy. 3, Purple Springs, 2000', VI-18-1962/ compared with type, -Minyomerus innocuus +Minyomerus innocuus / -Minyomerus innocuus -Horn, Det. C.W. -O'Brien -, 1965" (CWOB: 1 female); "Chugwater, Wyo, 1955-VI-22/ 207/ -Minyomerus innocuus +Minyomerus innocuus Horn , Det. C.W. -O'Brien +O'Brien +, 1965" (CWOB: 1 female); "Chugwater, Wyo, 1955-VI-22/ 207/ +Minyomerus innocuus +, Det. C.W. +O'Brien 1971" (CWOB: 1 female); "WY, Natrona Co., Sweetwater River, Hwy 220 nr. Independence Rock/ 5900', -42°29.6'N +42°29.6'N , -107°02.8'W +107°02.8'W , 2-vi-2012, S.M. Clark" (CWOB: 1 female); "COLO. Weld Co., 3 mi. N. Rockport, 5794' VII-22-1971, -O'Briens +O'Briens & Marshall" (CWOB: 1 female). - -Distribution. -This species has been found in the grassland and semi-arid regions of Alberta (Canada), Colorado, Kansas, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming (USA). It is likely that its range also includes other Great Plains states, such as North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, northern Texas, and Saskatchewan (Canada), based on similarity in habitat to the currently known distribution (Fig. 51). + +Distribution. +This species has been found in the grassland and semi-arid regions of Alberta (Canada), Colorado, Kansas, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming (USA). It is likely that its range also includes other Great Plains states, such as North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, northern Texas, and Saskatchewan (Canada), based on similarity in habitat to the currently known distribution (Fig. 51). - -Natural history. - + +Natural history. + Associated with sagebrush ( -Artemisia +Artemisia [non-focal] sp.; -Asteraceae +Asteraceae [non-focal]). This species is putatively considered parthenogenetic, given the lack of male specimens across a range of sampling events.