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(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FC9CF92297E0F900" box="[854,972,1700,1726]" captionStart-0="Figure 16" captionStart-1="Figure 17" captionStart-2="Figure 18" captionStartId-0="20.[128,192,1102,1126]" captionStartId-1="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionStartId-2="22.[129,194,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox-0="[128,1472,147,1072]" captionTargetBox-1="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetBox-2="[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetId-0="figure-400@20.[127,1474,146,1074]" captionTargetId-1="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@22.[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="Figure 16. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella þyntai sp. nov.from life (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From SRU.A* ventral view. B* ventral view.C* ventral view.D* ventral infraciliature.E* dorsal infraciliature.AP* cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin; AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; CW* ciliary whorl of left protuberance; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus* Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties.Scale bars:20 µm." captionText-1="Figure 17.Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A* B* F* G* K) slender morphotype* (CE* HJ) broad morphotype.A* ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C* ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)*and cytoproct (white arrow).D* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E* ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F* detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G* ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead)* micronucleus (white arrow)* and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H* dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads)* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I* ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J* dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE* GJ)* 10 µm (F* K)." captionText-2="Figure 18. Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.in the scanning electron microscope.From SRU. (A* B) slender morphotype* (CF) broad morphotype. A* dorsal view showing cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead)* anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* circumperistomial kineties (white arrow)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk). B* dorsal view showing the left protuberance (black arrowhead)* metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk)* the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow).C* ventral view of showing characteristic lateral twisting of left protuberance also seen in vivo (black arrowhead* compare Fig.17E)* the cytoproct (white arrowhead) and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). D* dorsal view showing straight course of the dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead)* the left protuberance (white asterisk)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead)* and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (white asterisk). F* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead)* cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead)* and area of somatic cilia matted during preparation (black asterisk). Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542026" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542032" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14542026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14542032/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1618</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FC9CF92297E0F900" box="[854,972,1700,1726]" captionStart-0="Figure 16" captionStart-1="Figure 17" captionStart-2="Figure 18" captionStartId-0="20.[128,192,1102,1126]" captionStartId-1="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionStartId-2="22.[129,194,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox-0="[128,1472,147,1072]" captionTargetBox-1="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetBox-2="[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetId-0="figure-400@20.[127,1474,146,1074]" captionTargetId-1="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@22.[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="Figure 16. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella fryntai sp. nov.from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From SRU.A, ventral view. B, ventral view.C, ventral view.D, ventral infraciliature.E, dorsal infraciliature.AP, cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; CW, ciliary whorl of left protuberance; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus, Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars:20 µm." captionText-1="Figure 17.Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A, B, F, G, K) slender morphotype, (CE, HJ) broad morphotype.A, ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C, ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead),and cytoproct (white arrow).D, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E, ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F, detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G, ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead), micronucleus (white arrow), and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H, dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads), micronucleus (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I, ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J, dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE, GJ), 10 µm (F, K)." captionText-2="Figure 18. Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.in the scanning electron microscope.From SRU. (A, B) slender morphotype, (CF) broad morphotype. A, dorsal view showing cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead), anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead), circumperistomial kineties (white arrow), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk). B, dorsal view showing the left protuberance (black arrowhead), metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk), the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (white arrowhead), and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow).C, ventral view of showing characteristic lateral twisting of left protuberance also seen in vivo (black arrowhead, compare Fig.17E), the cytoproct (white arrowhead) and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). D, dorsal view showing straight course of the dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead), the left protuberance (white asterisk), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead), and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (white asterisk). F, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead), cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead), and area of somatic cilia matted during preparation (black asterisk). Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542026" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542032" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14542026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14542032/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1618</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Tables S13, S14)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
@ -113,23 +113,23 @@ Spade-shaped
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261905FFB9FC0FF882906BF8A2" authorityName="Fyntai" authorityYear="2024" box="[965,1095,1796,1820]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71905FFB9FC0FF882906BF8A2" box="[965,1095,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* size
, size
<emphasis id="508DEAB71905FFB9FB46F88390FFF8A2" box="[1164,1235,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">in vivo</emphasis>
quite variable 113 189 × 5579 µm* usually about 143 × 63 µm; size in protargol preparations 110167 × 5182 µm* usually about 130 × 65 µm; dorsoventrally flattened* widest in posterior half of cell* anterior end broadly tapered* cell shape varies depending on host and possibly nutritional status* i.e. morphology less variable within than between hosts* well-fed cells plump (L/W ratio about 2.6)* less well-fed cells narrower (L/W ratio about 2.1)* cells of intermediate lengthwidth ratio common (range 1.62.8). Peristomial projection length relative to cell length quite variable depending on nutritional status (average in all cells about 19%; about 25% in more slender* less well-fed cells; about 17% in plumper* well-fed cells)* peristomial overture extends nearly entire length of peristomial projection regardless of nutritional state (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFF0EF8EB9513F83B" box="[196,319,1901,1925]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-6@22.[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 18. Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.in the scanning electron microscope.From SRU. (A* B) slender morphotype* (CF) broad morphotype. A* dorsal view showing cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead)* anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* circumperistomial kineties (white arrow)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk). B* dorsal view showing the left protuberance (black arrowhead)* metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk)* the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow).C* ventral view of showing characteristic lateral twisting of left protuberance also seen in vivo (black arrowhead* compare Fig.17E)* the cytoproct (white arrowhead) and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). D* dorsal view showing straight course of the dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead)* the left protuberance (white asterisk)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead)* and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (white asterisk). F* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead)* cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead)* and area of somatic cilia matted during preparation (black asterisk). Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542032/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 18AD</figureCitation>
). Macronucleus in anterior half of cell* inverted teardrop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFE49F80B95F1F81B" box="[387,477,1933,1957]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A* B* F* G* K) slender morphotype* (CE* HJ) broad morphotype.A* ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C* ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)*and cytoproct (white arrow).D* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E* ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F* detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G* ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead)* micronucleus (white arrow)* and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H* dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads)* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I* ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J* dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE* GJ)* 10 µm (F* K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
quite variable 113 189 × 5579 µm, usually about 143 × 63 µm; size in protargol preparations 110167 × 5182 µm, usually about 130 × 65 µm; dorsoventrally flattened, widest in posterior half of cell, anterior end broadly tapered, cell shape varies depending on host and possibly nutritional status, i.e. morphology less variable within than between hosts, well-fed cells plump (L/W ratio about 2.6), less well-fed cells narrower (L/W ratio about 2.1), cells of intermediate lengthwidth ratio common (range 1.62.8). Peristomial projection length relative to cell length quite variable depending on nutritional status (average in all cells about 19%; about 25% in more slender, less well-fed cells; about 17% in plumper, well-fed cells), peristomial overture extends nearly entire length of peristomial projection regardless of nutritional state (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFF0EF8EB9513F83B" box="[196,319,1901,1925]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-6@22.[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 18. Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.in the scanning electron microscope.From SRU. (A, B) slender morphotype, (CF) broad morphotype. A, dorsal view showing cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead), anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead), circumperistomial kineties (white arrow), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk). B, dorsal view showing the left protuberance (black arrowhead), metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk), the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (white arrowhead), and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow).C, ventral view of showing characteristic lateral twisting of left protuberance also seen in vivo (black arrowhead, compare Fig.17E), the cytoproct (white arrowhead) and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). D, dorsal view showing straight course of the dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead), the left protuberance (white asterisk), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead), and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (white asterisk). F, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead), cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead), and area of somatic cilia matted during preparation (black asterisk). Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542032/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 18AD</figureCitation>
). Macronucleus in anterior half of cell, inverted teardrop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFE49F80B95F1F81B" box="[387,477,1933,1957]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A, B, F, G, K) slender morphotype, (CE, HJ) broad morphotype.A, ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C, ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead),and cytoproct (white arrow).D, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E, ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F, detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G, ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead), micronucleus (white arrow), and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H, dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads), micronucleus (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I, ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J, dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE, GJ), 10 µm (F, K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
) to lenticular (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFD4AF80B96FBF81B" box="[640,727,1933,1957]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A* B* F* G* K) slender morphotype* (CE* HJ) broad morphotype.A* ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C* ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)*and cytoproct (white arrow).D* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E* ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F* detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G* ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead)* micronucleus (white arrow)* and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H* dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads)* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I* ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J* dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE* GJ)* 10 µm (F* K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
* H)* chromatin granular; micronucleus distinctly ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFA56F9F59744F914" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A* B* F* G* K) slender morphotype* (CE* HJ) broad morphotype.A* ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C* ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)*and cytoproct (white arrow).D* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E* ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F* detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G* ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead)* micronucleus (white arrow)* and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H* dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads)* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I* ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J* dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE* GJ)* 10 µm (F* K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17H</figureCitation>
)* adjacent to macronucleus* about 7 × 4 µm. Presence of karyophore highly variable* not seen or quite inconspicuous
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFD4AF80B96FBF81B" box="[640,727,1933,1957]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A, B, F, G, K) slender morphotype, (CE, HJ) broad morphotype.A, ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C, ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead),and cytoproct (white arrow).D, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E, ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F, detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G, ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead), micronucleus (white arrow), and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H, dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads), micronucleus (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I, ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J, dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE, GJ), 10 µm (F, K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
, H), chromatin granular; micronucleus distinctly ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFA56F9F59744F914" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A, B, F, G, K) slender morphotype, (CE, HJ) broad morphotype.A, ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C, ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead),and cytoproct (white arrow).D, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E, ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F, detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G, ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead), micronucleus (white arrow), and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H, dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads), micronucleus (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I, ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J, dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE, GJ), 10 µm (F, K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17H</figureCitation>
), adjacent to macronucleus, about 7 × 4 µm. Presence of karyophore highly variable, not seen or quite inconspicuous
<emphasis id="508DEAB71902FFBEFCF3F95797ACF956" box="[825,896,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">in vivo</emphasis>
* when present* appearance in protargol preparations (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFC8EF97697B2F8B6" box="[836,926,1776,1800]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A* B* F* G* K) slender morphotype* (CE* HJ) broad morphotype.A* ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C* ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)*and cytoproct (white arrow).D* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E* ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F* detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G* ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead)* micronucleus (white arrow)* and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H* dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads)* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I* ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J* dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE* GJ)* 10 µm (F* K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
) highly variable (seen at anterior and posterior ends of macronucleus in 11 of 39 cells* anterior end only in 7 of 39 cells* at posterior end only 4 of 39 cells* undetectable in 17 of 39 cells). Swims lazily. Somatic ciliature composed of about 80100 somatic ciliary rows in
, when present, appearance in protargol preparations (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201902FFBEFC8EF97697B2F8B6" box="[836,926,1776,1800]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A, B, F, G, K) slender morphotype, (CE, HJ) broad morphotype.A, ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C, ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead),and cytoproct (white arrow).D, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E, ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F, detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G, ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead), micronucleus (white arrow), and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H, dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads), micronucleus (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I, ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J, dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE, GJ), 10 µm (F, K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
) highly variable (seen at anterior and posterior ends of macronucleus in 11 of 39 cells, anterior end only in 7 of 39 cells, at posterior end only 4 of 39 cells, undetectable in 17 of 39 cells). Swims lazily. Somatic ciliature composed of about 80100 somatic ciliary rows in
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261902FFBEFB4AF8EB9106F83B" box="[1152,1322,1901,1925]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Clevelandellidae</taxonomicName>
pattern* about 2025 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection* somatic cilia restricted to approximately anterior two-thirds of cell except for four or five ciliated circumperistomial kineties. Sutural kinetofragments absent. Adoral zone usually extends about 45% of body length* composed of an average of 60 membranelles* base of membranelles longest in posterior one-third of adoral zone. POM as described for the family.
pattern, about 2025 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection, somatic cilia restricted to approximately anterior two-thirds of cell except for four or five ciliated circumperistomial kineties. Sutural kinetofragments absent. Adoral zone usually extends about 45% of body length, composed of an average of 60 membranelles, base of membranelles longest in posterior one-third of adoral zone. POM as described for the family.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3686662D1902FFBEFF48FA9490D5F9FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" targetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="624636A51902FFBEFF48FA9490D5F9FD" blockId="12.[129,1441,1298,1603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ pattern* about 2025 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection* somatic
<emphasis id="508DEAB71902FFBEFF14FA9595B9FA95" box="[222,405,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clevelandella philipi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BBE57CC1902FFBEFE50FA9595F1FA95" box="[410,477,1299,1323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
*
,
<emphasis id="508DEAB71902FFBEFE23FA95960FFA94" box="[489,547,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">in vivo</emphasis>
(A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads). Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead). E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead). F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I).
(A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads). Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead). E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead). F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3686662D1903FFBFFFB8FA2897C8F989" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14542001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542001/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[114,179,1454,1478]" targetBox="[115,1458,149,1424]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
@ -151,25 +151,25 @@ Schematic drawings of
<emphasis id="508DEAB71903FFBFFE6DFA2896A4FA78" box="[423,648,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Clevelandella hromadkai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BBE57CC1903FFBFFD47FA2996FFFA78" box="[653,723,1455,1478]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from life (AD) and after protargol impregnation (EG); long morphotype (AC)* short morphotype (DG). A* left lateral view. B* right lateral view. C* (IIV) cell outline in clockwise rotation around long axis. D* ventral view. E* ventral view. F* ventral infraciliature. G* dorsal infraciliature. AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars: 50 µm.
from life (AD) and after protargol impregnation (EG); long morphotype (AC), short morphotype (DG). A, left lateral view. B, right lateral view. C, (IIV) cell outline in clockwise rotation around long axis. D, ventral view. E, ventral view. F, ventral infraciliature. G, dorsal infraciliature. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="624636A51903FFBFFFBBF8BA97C4F920" blockId="13.[113,763,1852,1970]" lastBlockId="13.[810,1459,1638,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71903FFBFFFBBF8BA95CDF8EA" box="[113,481,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks on phenotypic variability:</emphasis>
Two genetically different populations were detected in SRU host: (i) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFDA8F8DA9692F8CA" box="[610,702,1884,1908]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A* B* F* G* K) slender morphotype* (CE* HJ) broad morphotype.A* ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C* ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)*and cytoproct (white arrow).D* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E* ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F* detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G* ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead)* micronucleus (white arrow)* and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H* dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads)* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I* ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J* dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE* GJ)* 10 µm (F* K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFDA8F8DA9692F8CA" box="[610,702,1884,1908]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A, B, F, G, K) slender morphotype, (CE, HJ) broad morphotype.A, ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C, ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead),and cytoproct (white arrow).D, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E, ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F, detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G, ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead), micronucleus (white arrow), and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H, dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads), micronucleus (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I, ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J, dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE, GJ), 10 µm (F, K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
) and (ii) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFF61F8FD9501F82D" box="[171,301,1915,1939]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A* B* F* G* K) slender morphotype* (CE* HJ) broad morphotype.A* ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C* ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)*and cytoproct (white arrow).D* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E* ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F* detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G* ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead)* micronucleus (white arrow)* and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H* dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads)* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I* ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J* dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE* GJ)* 10 µm (F* K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 17BK</figureCitation>
* 18). Cells of population (i) were markedly larger than cells of population (ii)—cell size
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFF61F8FD9501F82D" box="[171,301,1915,1939]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="21.[113,176,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,145,1422]" captionTargetId="figure-105@21.[114,1458,144,1426]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 17.Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.from life (AE) and after protargol impregnation (FK).From SRU.(A, B, F, G, K) slender morphotype, (CE, HJ) broad morphotype.A, ventral view showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin (white arrowhead) and left margin (black arrowhead).B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and straight dorsal kineties (white arrow).C, ventral view (optical section) showing cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead),and cytoproct (white arrow).D, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling kineties (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow).E, ventral view showing the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and bulbous left protuberance extending over left cell margin (white arrowhead).F, detail showing karyophore(black arrowhead).G, ventral view (optical section) showing the karyophore (black arrowhead), micronucleus (white arrow), and cytoproct (white arrowhead).H, dorsal view showing karyophore (black arrowheads), micronucleus (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrow).I, ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling kineties (asterisk) and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrow). J, dorsal infraciliature showing straight dorsal kineties (asterisk). K, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AE, GJ), 10 µm (F, K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542030/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 17BK</figureCitation>
, 18). Cells of population (i) were markedly larger than cells of population (ii)—cell size
<emphasis id="508DEAB71903FFBFFD78F81D96D6F80C" box="[690,762,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">in vivo</emphasis>
180 × 65 µm vs. 141 × 64 µm (Supporting Information* Tables S13* S14).
180 × 65 µm vs. 141 × 64 µm (Supporting Information, Tables S13, S14).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51903FFBFFC8FF9239154F8A5" blockId="13.[810,1459,1638,1819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Based on overall morphology* the cells can be divided into two more or less distinct morphotypes: slender (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFAD6F942915AF962" box="[1308,1398,1732,1756]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="20.[128,192,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[128,1472,147,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-400@20.[127,1474,146,1074]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 16. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella þyntai sp. nov.from life (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From SRU.A* ventral view. B* ventral view.C* ventral view.D* ventral infraciliature.E* dorsal infraciliature.AP* cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin; AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; CW* ciliary whorl of left protuberance; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus* Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties.Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542026/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 16A</figureCitation>
* 17A* B* G* 18A* B) and broad (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFBE7F962908EF942" box="[1069,1186,1764,1788]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="20.[128,192,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[128,1472,147,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-400@20.[127,1474,146,1074]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 16. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella þyntai sp. nov.from life (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From SRU.A* ventral view. B* ventral view.C* ventral view.D* ventral infraciliature.E* dorsal infraciliature.AP* cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin; AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; CW* ciliary whorl of left protuberance; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus* Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties.Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542026/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 16BE</figureCitation>
* 17CE* HK* 18CF). In population (i) only the slender morphotype was detected.
Based on overall morphology, the cells can be divided into two more or less distinct morphotypes: slender (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFAD6F942915AF962" box="[1308,1398,1732,1756]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="20.[128,192,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[128,1472,147,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-400@20.[127,1474,146,1074]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 16. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella fryntai sp. nov.from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From SRU.A, ventral view. B, ventral view.C, ventral view.D, ventral infraciliature.E, dorsal infraciliature.AP, cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; CW, ciliary whorl of left protuberance; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus, Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542026/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 16A</figureCitation>
, 17A, B, G, 18A, B) and broad (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201903FFBFFBE7F962908EF942" box="[1069,1186,1764,1788]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="20.[128,192,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[128,1472,147,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-400@20.[127,1474,146,1074]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 16. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella fryntai sp. nov.from life (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From SRU.A, ventral view. B, ventral view.C, ventral view.D, ventral infraciliature.E, dorsal infraciliature.AP, cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin; AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; CW, ciliary whorl of left protuberance; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus, Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542026/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 16BE</figureCitation>
, 17CE, HK, 18CF). In population (i) only the slender morphotype was detected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1903FFA0FCE0F8BB94C7FB7C" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
@ -180,13 +180,13 @@ Occurrence:
</emphasis>
occurred in all six dissected
<collectionCode id="04E8AE601903FFBFFA48F8BA919FF8EA" box="[1410,1459,1852,1876]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SRU</collectionCode>
individuals (all from the same family group). Population (i) was detected in only one individual (subadult female)* the very same in which
individuals (all from the same family group). Population (i) was detected in only one individual (subadult female), the very same in which
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261903FFBFFC42F81D97EAF80C" authorityName="Kotyk &amp; Bourland &amp; Soviš &amp; Méndez-Sánchez &amp; Škaloud &amp; Varadínová &amp; Čepička" authorityYear="2024" box="[904,966,1946,1970]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sidi">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71903FFBFFC42F81D97EAF80C" box="[904,966,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. sidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above) was found. The five remaining hosts harboured population (ii): in four (male*
(see above) was found. The five remaining hosts harboured population (ii): in four (male,
<specimenCount id="74FFFD2C1901FFBDFDFBFA4C9680FA5C" box="[561,684,1482,1506]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
* and a larva) of them the slender and broad morphotypes co-occurred and in one (larva) only the slender was present.
, and a larva) of them the slender and broad morphotypes co-occurred and in one (larva) only the slender was present.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="624636A51900FFBCFF4BF8AD919AF80D" blockId="14.[129,1462,1835,1971]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ individuals (all from the same family group). Population (i) was detected in onl
<emphasis id="508DEAB71900FFBCFF17F8AD9591F8FD" box="[221,445,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Clevelandella hromadkai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BBE57CC1900FFBCFE08F8AA9624F8FD" box="[450,520,1836,1859]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
short morph: from life (AC* FH) and after protargol impregnation (D* E* I). From ASS. A* left ventrolateral view showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and the posterior extent of ciliation on the right (black arrowhead) and left (white arrow head) margins. B* ventral view* (optical section) showing the cytostome (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (black arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). C* left lateral view showing collecting vesicles of the contractile vacuole (white arrowheads)* the micronucleus (white arrow) and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). D*
short morph: from life (AC, FH) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, I). From ASS. A, left ventrolateral view showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and the posterior extent of ciliation on the right (black arrowhead) and left (white arrow head) margins. B, ventral view, (optical section) showing the cytostome (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (black arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). C, left lateral view showing collecting vesicles of the contractile vacuole (white arrowheads), the micronucleus (white arrow) and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). D,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3686662D1901FFBDFFB8FB3B9550FA24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14542005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542005/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[114,179,1213,1237]" targetBox="[114,1440,145,1184]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ short morph: from life (AC* FH) and after protargol impregnation (D* E* I)
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFF11FB389597FB68" box="[219,443,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clevelandella hromadkai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BBE57CC1901FFBDFE0AFB38962BFB6B" box="[448,519,1214,1237]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
long morph from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (DF). From ASS (A* E* F)* and PAC (BD). A* ventral view showing micronucleus (white arrow)* left protuberance (black arrowhead)* and karyophore (black arrow). B* left ventrolateral view showing peristomial overture (white arrow)* collecting vesicles of contractile vacuole (white arrowheads)* and the posterior extent of ciliation on the left ventrolateral margin (black arrowhead). C* right dorsolateral view showing contractile vacuole collecting vesicles (white arrowheads)* the posterior extent of ciliation on the dorsolateral margin (black arrow)* the micronucleus (white arrow)* and the adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). D* detail showing micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (white arrow). E* left ventrolateral view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). F* (same cell as E) showing posterior margin of left protuberance. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC* E* F)* 10 µm (D).
long morph from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (DF). From ASS (A, E, F), and PAC (BD). A, ventral view showing micronucleus (white arrow), left protuberance (black arrowhead), and karyophore (black arrow). B, left ventrolateral view showing peristomial overture (white arrow), collecting vesicles of contractile vacuole (white arrowheads), and the posterior extent of ciliation on the left ventrolateral margin (black arrowhead). C, right dorsolateral view showing contractile vacuole collecting vesicles (white arrowheads), the posterior extent of ciliation on the dorsolateral margin (black arrow), the micronucleus (white arrow), and the adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). D, detail showing micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (white arrow). E, left ventrolateral view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). F, (same cell as E) showing posterior margin of left protuberance. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC, E, F), 10 µm (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="624636A51901FFBDFF6BF9B996E7F9E7" blockId="15.[113,763,1599,1756]" box="[161,715,1599,1626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
@ -214,36 +214,36 @@ long morph from life (AC) and after protargol impregnation (DF). From ASS
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFDD0F9B996E7F9E7" bold="true" box="[538,715,1599,1625]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clevelandellidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51901FFBDFFBBF9E196DBF962" blockId="15.[113,763,1599,1756]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In addition to the newly described species* a number of known species was observed* namely:
<paragraph id="624636A51901FFA0FFBBF9E194C7FB7C" blockId="15.[113,763,1599,1756]" lastBlockId="18.[128,778,1132,1219]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In addition to the newly described species, a number of known species was observed, namely:
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFE09F90096FEF923" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[451,722,1670,1694]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Anteclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFE09F90096FEF923" box="[451,722,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anteclevelandella constricta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFD2EF90094CEF903" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFD2EF90094CEF903" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFF26F9209561F903" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[236,333,1701,1725]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hastula">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFF26F9209561F903" box="[236,333,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. hastula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFE9DF9239607F903" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1937" box="[343,555,1701,1725]" genus="Paraclevelandia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFE9DF9239607F903" box="[343,555,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paraclevelandia brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFDFFF92394B6F962" genus="Paraclevelandia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFDFFF92394B6F962" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paraclevelandia simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFF68F9439521F962" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[162,269,1732,1756]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFF68F9439521F962" box="[162,269,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFEDFF94395EEF962" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[277,450,1732,1756]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="parapanesthiae">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFEDFF94395EEF962" box="[277,450,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. parapanesthiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
*
,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFE00F9439605F962" box="[458,553,1732,1756]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kidderi">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFE00F9439605F962" box="[458,553,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. kidderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
@ -251,23 +251,21 @@ In addition to the newly described species* a number of known species was observ
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFD64F94396DBF962" box="[686,759,1732,1756]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="lynni">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFD64F94396DBF962" box="[686,759,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.lynni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51901FFA0FCE0FA4C94C7FB7C" blockId="15.[810,1460,1482,1756]" lastBlockId="18.[128,778,1132,1219]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Pecina and Vďačný* 2020 as a junior synonym of
Pecina and Vďačný, 2020 as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFAECFA4C91AAFA5C" box="[1318,1414,1482,1506]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kidderi">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFAECFA4C91AAFA5C" box="[1318,1414,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. kidderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* see discussion)* and
, see discussion), and
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFC12FA6F9075F9BF" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[984,1113,1513,1537]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="panesthiae">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFC12FA6F9075F9BF" box="[984,1113,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. panesthiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most* but not all available ciliate populations were morphologically characterized. For known species* except
. Most, but not all available ciliate populations were morphologically characterized. For known species, except
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFC01F9AE9016F9FE" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[971,1082,1576,1600]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFC01F9AE9016F9FE" box="[971,1082,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* which has not been reported since its original discovery by
, which has not been reported since its original discovery by
<bibRefCitation id="06684B541901FFBDFBEBF9C19094F9E1" author="Kidder GW" box="[1057,1208,1607,1631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="163 - 205" refId="ref35089" refString="Kidder GW. Ne intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 1937; 29: 163 - 205." type="journal article" year="1937">Kidder (1937)</bibRefCitation>
* descriptions are limited to those characters not previously reported* previously recorded inaccurately (e.g. somatic ciliature)* or deviating significantly from previous descriptions. Apart from them* two species were detected but left undescribed* namely:
, descriptions are limited to those characters not previously reported, previously recorded inaccurately (e.g. somatic ciliature), or deviating significantly from previous descriptions. Apart from them, two species were detected but left undescribed, namely:
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261901FFBDFB0BF9429198F962" box="[1217,1460,1732,1756]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71901FFBDFB0BF94291BCF962" box="[1217,1424,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rhynchoclevelandella</emphasis>
sp.
@ -277,7 +275,7 @@ sp.
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FF0BFBEA956FFB3A" box="[193,323,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Clevelandella</emphasis>
sp. 4
</taxonomicName>
. The hosts infected and the occurrence of individual species are summarized inSupporting Information* Table S48.
. The hosts infected and the occurrence of individual species are summarized inSupporting Information, Table S48.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>

View file

@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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@ -99,9 +99,9 @@
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71905FFB9FF7EFADE9694FACC" bold="true" box="[180,696,1368,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FF74FADE9526FACC" box="[190,266,1368,1394]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[129,194,976,1000]" captionTargetBox="[130,1474,145,946]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[129,1476,144,948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella sidi sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual.B* ventral view. C* ventral infraciliature (holotype). D* dorsal infraciliature (holotype). AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CV* contractile vacuole; CW* ciliary whorl of left protuberance; CYP* cytoproct; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542019/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FF74FADE9526FACC" box="[190,266,1368,1394]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[129,194,976,1000]" captionTargetBox="[130,1474,145,946]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[129,1476,144,948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella sidi sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual.B, ventral view. C, ventral infraciliature (holotype). D, dorsal infraciliature (holotype). AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CW, ciliary whorl of left protuberance; CYP, cytoproct; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542019/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FED9FADE9503FACC" box="[275,303,1368,1394]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE* the same cell in dorsal view: C* showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk)* cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D* showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E* optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F* detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G* detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads)* a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG)* 5 µm (H* I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FED9FADE9503FACC" box="[275,303,1368,1394]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE, the same cell in dorsal view: C, showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk), cytoproct (black arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D, showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E, optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F, detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G, detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads), a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG), 5 µm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Table S12)
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@ -111,24 +111,24 @@ Description based on population from a single SRU host individual from
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:
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Medium-sized* spade-shaped
Medium-sized, spade-shaped
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261905FFB9FDB9FA2D96D9FA7D" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1938" box="[627,757,1451,1475]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
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* size
, size
<emphasis id="508DEAB71905FFB9FF55FA4D94CDFA5C" box="[159,225,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">in vivo</emphasis>
126154 × 5064 µm* usually about 142 × 59 µm* in protargol preparations 95142 × 3759 µm* usually about 117 × 46; cell dorsoventrally flattened* prominent notch between left lobe and peristomial projection; peristomial projection about 28% of cell length* peristomial overture extends to about three-quarters of peristomial projection (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FDA6F9E196EBF9C1" box="[620,711,1639,1663]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE* the same cell in dorsal view: C* showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk)* cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D* showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E* optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F* detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G* detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads)* a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG)* 5 µm (H* I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
* C). Macronucleus broad inverted teardrop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FDB9F90096FFF921" box="[627,723,1670,1695]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[129,194,976,1000]" captionTargetBox="[130,1474,145,946]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[129,1476,144,948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella sidi sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual.B* ventral view. C* ventral infraciliature (holotype). D* dorsal infraciliature (holotype). AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CV* contractile vacuole; CW* ciliary whorl of left protuberance; CYP* cytoproct; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542019/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14A</figureCitation>
* B* 15AC)* in anterior half of cell* narrow end at right cell margin* micronucleus ellipsoidal (usually about 4.5 × 2.7 µm)* adjacent to macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FE94F962959AF942" box="[350,438,1764,1788]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE* the same cell in dorsal view: C* showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk)* cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D* showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E* optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F* detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G* detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads)* a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG)* 5 µm (H* I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
); karyophore usually undetectable or inconspicuous in both live* protargol-impregnated cells* located at posterior end of macronucleus (visible in 3 of 15 protargol-impregnated cells) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FE61F8C4962EF8E4" box="[427,514,1858,1882]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE* the same cell in dorsal view: C* showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk)* cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D* showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E* optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F* detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G* detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads)* a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG)* 5 µm (H* I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
126154 × 5064 µm, usually about 142 × 59 µm, in protargol preparations 95142 × 3759 µm, usually about 117 × 46; cell dorsoventrally flattened, prominent notch between left lobe and peristomial projection; peristomial projection about 28% of cell length, peristomial overture extends to about three-quarters of peristomial projection (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FDA6F9E196EBF9C1" box="[620,711,1639,1663]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE, the same cell in dorsal view: C, showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk), cytoproct (black arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D, showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E, optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F, detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G, detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads), a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG), 5 µm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
, C). Macronucleus broad inverted teardrop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FDB9F90096FFF921" box="[627,723,1670,1695]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[129,194,976,1000]" captionTargetBox="[130,1474,145,946]" captionTargetId="figure-409@18.[129,1476,144,948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella sidi sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual.B, ventral view. C, ventral infraciliature (holotype). D, dorsal infraciliature (holotype). AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; CW, ciliary whorl of left protuberance; CYP, cytoproct; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542019/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14A</figureCitation>
, B, 15AC), in anterior half of cell, narrow end at right cell margin, micronucleus ellipsoidal (usually about 4.5 × 2.7 µm), adjacent to macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FE94F962959AF942" box="[350,438,1764,1788]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE, the same cell in dorsal view: C, showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk), cytoproct (black arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D, showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E, optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F, detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G, detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads), a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG), 5 µm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
); karyophore usually undetectable or inconspicuous in both live, protargol-impregnated cells, located at posterior end of macronucleus (visible in 3 of 15 protargol-impregnated cells) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FE61F8C4962EF8E4" box="[427,514,1858,1882]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE, the same cell in dorsal view: C, showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk), cytoproct (black arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D, showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E, optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F, detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G, detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads), a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG), 5 µm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
). Swims lazily. Somatic ciliature composed of about 8090 somatic ciliary rows in
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pattern* about 2025 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection; cilia restricted to approximately anterior half of cell. Sutural kinetofragments absent. Adoral zone usually extends about one-half of body length* composed of an average of 52 membranelles* base of membranelles longest in posterior one-third of adoral zone. POM entirely diplostichomonad (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FA47FA019774FA00" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE* the same cell in dorsal view: C* showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk)* cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D* showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E* optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F* detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G* detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads)* a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG)* 5 µm (H* I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15H</figureCitation>
pattern, about 2025 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection; cilia restricted to approximately anterior half of cell. Sutural kinetofragments absent. Adoral zone usually extends about one-half of body length, composed of an average of 52 membranelles, base of membranelles longest in posterior one-third of adoral zone. POM entirely diplostichomonad (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201905FFB9FA47FA019774FA00" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE, the same cell in dorsal view: C, showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk), cytoproct (black arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D, showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E, optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F, detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G, detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads), a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG), 5 µm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ pattern* about 2025 ciliary rows extend on to peristomial projection; cilia r
Occurrence:
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261905FFB9FC6FFA599063FA49" authorityName="Kotyk &amp; Bourland &amp; Soviš &amp; Méndez-Sánchez &amp; Škaloud &amp; Varadínová &amp; Čepička" authorityYear="2024" box="[933,1103,1503,1527]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sidi">Clevelandella sidi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was obtained only from one wild-born SRU subadult female. Later* another wild-born female from the same family group and four of her offspring were dissected* but none of them contained
was obtained only from one wild-born SRU subadult female. Later, another wild-born female from the same family group and four of her offspring were dissected, but none of them contained
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71905FFB9FB5CF9B890F8F9EB" box="[1174,1236,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. sidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>

View file

@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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<treatment id="EA5087B31907FFBBFED9F8B597E5F869" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14542040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA5087B31907FFBBFED9F8B597E5F869" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA5087B31907FFBBFED9F8B597E5F869" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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@ -99,9 +99,9 @@
<paragraph id="624636A51907FFBBFF7EF8E59694F8C3" blockId="9.[180,696,1891,1917]" box="[180,696,1891,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71907FFBBFF7EF8E59694F8C3" bold="true" box="[180,696,1891,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFF74F8E59526F8C3" box="[190,266,1891,1917]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="17.[113,178,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,146,820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[112,1459,144,822]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 12. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view.C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature. AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFF74F8E59526F8C3" box="[190,266,1891,1917]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="17.[113,178,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,146,820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[112,1459,144,822]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 12. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view.C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFED9F8E59503F8C3" box="[275,303,1891,1917]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A* left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B* left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* contractile vacuole (black arrowhead)* and micronucleus (white arrow).C* optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D* left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFED9F8E59503F8C3" box="[275,303,1891,1917]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A, left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B, left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), contractile vacuole (black arrowhead), and micronucleus (white arrow).C, optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D, left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Table S11)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
@ -115,34 +115,34 @@ Large
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261907FFBBFEF6F8459592F865" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1938" box="[316,446,1987,2011]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71907FFBBFEF6F8459592F865" box="[316,446,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* size
, size
<emphasis id="508DEAB71907FFBBFE33F8429617F865" box="[505,571,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in vivo</emphasis>
146206 × 6198 µm* usually about 170 × 80 µm; size in protargol preparations 123163 × 6180 µm* usually about 135 × 71 µm. Overall cell outline in ventral view more or less symmetrical* broadly lanceolate* widest at middle of cell* anterior cell end bluntly pointed* dorsoventrally flattened; peristomial projection inconspicuous* merges gradually with cell body proper at midline* thus predominant left lobe absent. Peristomial opening broad. Macronucleus long* slender sausage-shaped (mean 63 × 12 µm) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFAFCFB1091BDFB10" box="[1334,1425,1174,1198]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="17.[113,178,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,146,820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[112,1459,144,822]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 12. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view.C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature. AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 12A</figureCitation>
* B* 13A* C* D)* anterior end rounded* posterior end rounded (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFA47FB309779FB53" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A* left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B* left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* contractile vacuole (black arrowhead)* and micronucleus (white arrow).C* optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D* left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
* B) or abruptly tapered to short point (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFB38FB539167FB53" box="[1266,1355,1237,1261]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A* left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B* left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* contractile vacuole (black arrowhead)* and micronucleus (white arrow).C* optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D* left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
); extends along nearly entire right margin of body proper* convex toward right body margin (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFC32FA92907CFA92" box="[1016,1104,1300,1324]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A* left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B* left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* contractile vacuole (black arrowhead)* and micronucleus (white arrow).C* optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D* left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
* C). Chromatin coarsely granular. Karyophore not identified. Micronucleus (4.7 × 4.3 µm) globular* adjacent to anterior right margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFA43FAD49779FA34" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="17.[113,178,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,146,820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[112,1459,144,822]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 12. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view.C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature. AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 12A</figureCitation>
* B* 13B* D). Swims slowly.
146206 × 6198 µm, usually about 170 × 80 µm; size in protargol preparations 123163 × 6180 µm, usually about 135 × 71 µm. Overall cell outline in ventral view more or less symmetrical, broadly lanceolate, widest at middle of cell, anterior cell end bluntly pointed, dorsoventrally flattened; peristomial projection inconspicuous, merges gradually with cell body proper at midline, thus predominant left lobe absent. Peristomial opening broad. Macronucleus long, slender sausage-shaped (mean 63 × 12 µm) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFAFCFB1091BDFB10" box="[1334,1425,1174,1198]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="17.[113,178,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,146,820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[112,1459,144,822]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 12. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view.C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 12A</figureCitation>
, B, 13A, C, D), anterior end rounded, posterior end rounded (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFA47FB309779FB53" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A, left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B, left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), contractile vacuole (black arrowhead), and micronucleus (white arrow).C, optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D, left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
, B) or abruptly tapered to short point (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFB38FB539167FB53" box="[1266,1355,1237,1261]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A, left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B, left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), contractile vacuole (black arrowhead), and micronucleus (white arrow).C, optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D, left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
); extends along nearly entire right margin of body proper, convex toward right body margin (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFC32FA92907CFA92" box="[1016,1104,1300,1324]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A, left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B, left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), contractile vacuole (black arrowhead), and micronucleus (white arrow).C, optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D, left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
, C). Chromatin coarsely granular. Karyophore not identified. Micronucleus (4.7 × 4.3 µm) globular, adjacent to anterior right margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFA43FAD49779FA34" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="17.[113,178,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,146,820]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[112,1459,144,822]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 12. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view.C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 12A</figureCitation>
, B, 13B, D). Swims slowly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51907FFBBFC8FFA179049F9B9" blockId="9.[810,1461,955,1731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Somatic cilia present on only anterior two-thirds of cell. Somatic ciliature composed of about 102 narrowly-spaced kineties* arranged in typical
Somatic cilia present on only anterior two-thirds of cell. Somatic ciliature composed of about 102 narrowly-spaced kineties, arranged in typical
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261907FFBBFB9BFA5690FFFA56" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1938" box="[1105,1235,1488,1512]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71907FFBBFB9BFA5690FFFA56" box="[1105,1235,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pattern. Right sutural kinetofragments not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51907FFBBFC8FF9889102F97D" blockId="9.[810,1461,955,1731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Peristomial projection indistinct* i.e. flares as it gradually merges with body proper. Lateral part of peristomial opening wide (23 µm) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFC0DF9CB9011F9DB" box="[967,1085,1613,1637]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A* left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B* left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* contractile vacuole (black arrowhead)* and micronucleus (white arrow).C* optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D* left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13AC</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone extends about 56% of body length* composed of 59 membranelles (
Peristomial projection indistinct, i.e. flares as it gradually merges with body proper. Lateral part of peristomial opening wide (23 µm) (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFC0DF9CB9011F9DB" box="[967,1085,1613,1637]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A, left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B, left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), contractile vacuole (black arrowhead), and micronucleus (white arrow).C, optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D, left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13AC</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone extends about 56% of body length, composed of 59 membranelles (
<emphasis id="508DEAB71907FFBBFB35F9EB913EF93A" box="[1279,1298,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N</emphasis>
= 3)* markedly curved right at about three-quarters of length. Fine morphology of POM (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFC44F92D97CAF97D" box="[910,998,1707,1731]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A* left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B* left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* contractile vacuole (black arrowhead)* and micronucleus (white arrow).C* optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D* left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
= 3), markedly curved right at about three-quarters of length. Fine morphology of POM (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201907FFBBFC44F92D97CAF97D" box="[910,998,1707,1731]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A, left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B, left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), contractile vacuole (black arrowhead), and micronucleus (white arrow).C, optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D, left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
) not determined with certainty.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -152,12 +152,12 @@ Peristomial projection indistinct* i.e. flares as it gradually merges with body
Occurrence:
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</emphasis>
is extremely rare as it was found only in two out of 10 dissected individuals of STH: a male and a small juvenile* each of them from a different family group. The population density was very low in both cases* with no more than 15 cells of
is extremely rare as it was found only in two out of 10 dissected individuals of STH: a male and a small juvenile, each of them from a different family group. The population density was very low in both cases, with no more than 15 cells of
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71907FFBBFBFFF8E490B3F8C4" box="[1077,1183,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. klobasa</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BBE57CC1907FFBBFB6EF8E490DFF8C7" box="[1188,1267,1890,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
present in the entire hindgut. In both cases*
present in the entire hindgut. In both cases,
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71907FFBBFB99F8079092F827" box="[1107,1214,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. klobasa</emphasis>
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View file

@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1909FFB5FEC4FDC99671FDD4" box="[270,605,591,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
<paragraph id="624636A51909FFB5FF0CFDF8968AFD26" blockId="7.[198,678,638,665]" box="[198,678,638,665]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FF0CFDF8968AFD26" bold="true" box="[198,678,638,665]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FF1AFDF99507FD27" box="[208,299,639,665]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionStartId-1="9.[115,180,715,739]" captionStartId-2="10.[129,194,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetBox-1="[116,1460,145,685]" captionTargetBox-2="[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetId-0="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetId-1="figure-660@9.[115,1462,144,687]" captionTargetId-2="figure-5@10.[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* circumperistomial cilia; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." captionText-1="Figure 4. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. from ASS. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CG). A* ventral view showing karyophore (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (asterisk)* posterior extent of somatic cilia (black arrowhead)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B* ventral view showing a more slender macronucleus* karyophore (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (asterisk)* and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead).C* ventral view showing excretory (black arrow). D* ventral infraciliature.E* dorsal infraciliature of same cell as (D). F* detail view of peristomial projection showing the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrowheads).G* detail view showing position of micronucleus (white arrow). Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AC)* 10 µm (DF)* 5 µm (G)." captionText-2="Figure 5. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. (from ASS) in the scanning electron microscope. A* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B* posteroventral view showing posterior end of the right suture (black arrow)* the cytoproct with protruding cilia (white arrow)* the inconspicuous left suture (black arrowhead)* and the posterior end of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead). C* detail view of the peristomial overture showing adoral membranelles (black asterisk)* cilia of the posterior end of the paroral membrane (black arrows)* dikinetids of the posteriormost circumperistomial kinety (white arrowheads)* and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrow). D* detail [same cell as (B)] showing the single file of basal bodies comprising the posterior part of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead)* cilia of the paroral (black arrow)* and the left suture (asterisk). Scale bars: 20 µm (A* B)* 10 µm (C* D)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541993" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541995" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14541993/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14541995/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 35</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FF1AFDF99507FD27" box="[208,299,639,665]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionStartId-1="9.[115,180,715,739]" captionStartId-2="10.[129,194,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetBox-1="[116,1460,145,685]" captionTargetBox-2="[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetId-0="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetId-1="figure-660@9.[115,1462,144,687]" captionTargetId-2="figure-5@10.[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, circumperistomial cilia; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." captionText-1="Figure 4. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. from ASS. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CG). A, ventral view showing karyophore (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (asterisk), posterior extent of somatic cilia (black arrowhead), and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B, ventral view showing a more slender macronucleus, karyophore (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (asterisk), and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead).C, ventral view showing excretory (black arrow). D, ventral infraciliature.E, dorsal infraciliature of same cell as (D). F, detail view of peristomial projection showing the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrowheads).G, detail view showing position of micronucleus (white arrow). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AC), 10 µm (DF), 5 µm (G)." captionText-2="Figure 5. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. (from ASS) in the scanning electron microscope. A, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B, posteroventral view showing posterior end of the right suture (black arrow), the cytoproct with protruding cilia (white arrow), the inconspicuous left suture (black arrowhead), and the posterior end of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead). C, detail view of the peristomial overture showing adoral membranelles (black asterisk), cilia of the posterior end of the paroral membrane (black arrows), dikinetids of the posteriormost circumperistomial kinety (white arrowheads), and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrow). D, detail [same cell as (B)] showing the single file of basal bodies comprising the posterior part of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead), cilia of the paroral (black arrow), and the left suture (asterisk). Scale bars: 20 µm (A, B), 10 µm (C, D)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541993" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541995" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14541993/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14541995/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 35</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Table S4)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
@ -113,28 +113,28 @@ Small
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261909FFB5FF37FD599557FD49" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1938" box="[253,379,735,759]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FF37FD599557FD49" box="[253,379,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* size
, size
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FE60FD5995CAFD48" box="[426,486,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">invivo</emphasis>
6987 × 3552 µm* usually about 77 × 41 µm; size in protargol preparations 4467 × 2534 µm* usually about 55 × 29 µm. Body proper dorsoventrally flattened; overall outline in ventral view asymmetrically spade-shaped* with prominent left lobe* anterior cell end bluntly pointed; peristomial projection joins body proper to right of midline. Left cell margin notched at base of peristomial projection forming a lobe that overhangs the peristomial projection for about one-fifth of its length. Macronucleus ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FDFDFC5F96A9FC4F" box="[567,645,985,1009]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* circumperistomial cilia; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
* 4A) to inverted teardrop-shape (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE97FC7F958AFBAF" box="[349,422,1017,1041]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* circumperistomial cilia; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
* 4BE* G)* anterior end rounded* posterior end acutely tapered* chromatin coarsely granular. Karyophore attached to posterior margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FD1BFBB194A3FBD1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* circumperistomial cilia; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
* 4A* B). Micronucleus ellipsoidal (4.4 × 3.4 µm)* adjacent to anterior margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE0FFBF09621FB30" box="[453,525,1142,1166]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual. B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature. D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* circumperistomial cilia; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; K* karyophore; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
* 4G). Swims slowly.
6987 × 3552 µm, usually about 77 × 41 µm; size in protargol preparations 4467 × 2534 µm, usually about 55 × 29 µm. Body proper dorsoventrally flattened; overall outline in ventral view asymmetrically spade-shaped, with prominent left lobe, anterior cell end bluntly pointed; peristomial projection joins body proper to right of midline. Left cell margin notched at base of peristomial projection forming a lobe that overhangs the peristomial projection for about one-fifth of its length. Macronucleus ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FDFDFC5F96A9FC4F" box="[567,645,985,1009]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, circumperistomial cilia; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
, 4A) to inverted teardrop-shape (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE97FC7F958AFBAF" box="[349,422,1017,1041]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, circumperistomial cilia; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
, 4BE, G), anterior end rounded, posterior end acutely tapered, chromatin coarsely granular. Karyophore attached to posterior margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FD1BFBB194A3FBD1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, circumperistomial cilia; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
, 4A, B). Micronucleus ellipsoidal (4.4 × 3.4 µm), adjacent to anterior margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE0FFBF09621FB30" box="[453,525,1142,1166]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[131,196,1221,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1463,160,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-432@8.[129,1476,144,1194]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella ananiasi from life (A) and protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual. B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature. D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, circumperistomial cilia; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; K, karyophore; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541989/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
, 4G). Swims slowly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51909FFB5FF47FB1396DBFAB5" blockId="7.[111,765,703,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Somatic ciliature consists of about 60 kineties* only anterior two-thirds of body properly ciliated (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE3FFB33966CFB72" box="[501,576,1204,1229]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-5@10.[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. (from ASS) in the scanning electron microscope. A* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B* posteroventral view showing posterior end of the right suture (black arrow)* the cytoproct with protruding cilia (white arrow)* the inconspicuous left suture (black arrowhead)* and the posterior end of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead). C* detail view of the peristomial overture showing adoral membranelles (black asterisk)* cilia of the posterior end of the paroral membrane (black arrows)* dikinetids of the posteriormost circumperistomial kinety (white arrowheads)* and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrow). D* detail [same cell as (B)] showing the single file of basal bodies comprising the posterior part of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead)* cilia of the paroral (black arrow)* and the left suture (asterisk). Scale bars: 20 µm (A* B)* 10 µm (C* D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541995/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
* B). Right sutural kinetofragments not confirmed* cannot be completely excluded due to suboptimal orientation of cells in protargol preparations.
Somatic ciliature consists of about 60 kineties, only anterior two-thirds of body properly ciliated (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE3FFB33966CFB72" box="[501,576,1204,1229]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-5@10.[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. (from ASS) in the scanning electron microscope. A, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B, posteroventral view showing posterior end of the right suture (black arrow), the cytoproct with protruding cilia (white arrow), the inconspicuous left suture (black arrowhead), and the posterior end of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead). C, detail view of the peristomial overture showing adoral membranelles (black asterisk), cilia of the posterior end of the paroral membrane (black arrows), dikinetids of the posteriormost circumperistomial kinety (white arrowheads), and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrow). D, detail [same cell as (B)] showing the single file of basal bodies comprising the posterior part of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead), cilia of the paroral (black arrow), and the left suture (asterisk). Scale bars: 20 µm (A, B), 10 µm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541995/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
, B). Right sutural kinetofragments not confirmed, cannot be completely excluded due to suboptimal orientation of cells in protargol preparations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51909FFB5FF47FA95957BFA59" blockId="7.[111,765,703,1511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Peristomial projection extends an average of 28% of total cell length. Lateral part of peristomial opening extends about three-quarters of length (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE88FAD795BFFAD7" box="[322,403,1361,1385]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[115,180,715,739]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,145,685]" captionTargetId="figure-660@9.[115,1462,144,687]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. from ASS. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CG). A* ventral view showing karyophore (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (asterisk)* posterior extent of somatic cilia (black arrowhead)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B* ventral view showing a more slender macronucleus* karyophore (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (asterisk)* and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead).C* ventral view showing excretory (black arrow). D* ventral infraciliature.E* dorsal infraciliature of same cell as (D). F* detail view of peristomial projection showing the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrowheads).G* detail view showing position of micronucleus (white arrow). Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AC)* 10 µm (DF)* 5 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541993/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
* F* 5A) of peristomial projection. Adoral zone usually extends about 52% of cell length* composed of an average of 23 membranelles. Fine structures of POM unrecognizable due to poor staining but visibly stichomonad at the posterior (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FF14FA49956AFA58" box="[222,326,1486,1511]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-5@10.[129,1473,144,1700]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. (from ASS) in the scanning electron microscope. A* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B* posteroventral view showing posterior end of the right suture (black arrow)* the cytoproct with protruding cilia (white arrow)* the inconspicuous left suture (black arrowhead)* and the posterior end of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead). C* detail view of the peristomial overture showing adoral membranelles (black asterisk)* cilia of the posterior end of the paroral membrane (black arrows)* dikinetids of the posteriormost circumperistomial kinety (white arrowheads)* and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrow). D* detail [same cell as (B)] showing the single file of basal bodies comprising the posterior part of the paroral membrane (white arrowhead)* cilia of the paroral (black arrow)* and the left suture (asterisk). Scale bars: 20 µm (A* B)* 10 µm (C* D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541995/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5BD</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FE88FAD795BFFAD7" box="[322,403,1361,1385]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[115,180,715,739]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,145,685]" captionTargetId="figure-660@9.[115,1462,144,687]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. from ASS. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CG). A, ventral view showing karyophore (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (asterisk), posterior extent of somatic cilia (black arrowhead), and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B, ventral view showing a more slender macronucleus, karyophore (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (asterisk), and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead).C, ventral view showing excretory (black arrow). D, ventral infraciliature.E, dorsal infraciliature of same cell as (D). F, detail view of peristomial projection showing the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrowheads).G, detail view showing position of micronucleus (white arrow). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AC), 10 µm (DF), 5 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541993/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
, F, 5A) of peristomial projection. Adoral zone usually extends about 52% of cell length, composed of an average of 23 membranelles. Fine structures of POM unrecognizable due to poor staining but visibly stichomonad at the posterior (
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).
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@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ species from
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: ASS and STH from the same locality (Wanang 3). It occurred in 56% of ASS individuals regardless of age and sex. In STH the ciliate was present only in
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host individual among 10 dissected insects. When present* the ciliate is typically abundant. In ASS* infection with
host individual among 10 dissected insects. When present, the ciliate is typically abundant. In ASS, infection with
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(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FF71F8CC94D5F8DA" box="[187,249,1866,1892]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual.B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature.D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FF71F8CC94D5F8DA" box="[187,249,1866,1892]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual.B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature.D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FEC9F8CC953DF8DA" box="[259,273,1866,1892]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov.* in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FEC9F8CC953DF8DA" box="[259,273,1866,1892]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov., in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Tables S5, S6)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
@ -115,30 +115,30 @@ Small- to medium-sized
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261909FFB5FD8FF81B96EBF80B" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1938" box="[581,711,1949,1973]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FD8FF81B96EBF80B" box="[581,711,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* size
, size
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FFBBF83B9499F86A" box="[113,181,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in vivo</emphasis>
7499 × 4054 µm* usually about 90 × 49 µm; size in protargol preparations 5988 × 3547µm* usually about 75 × 41 µm in STH population; size
7499 × 4054 µm, usually about 90 × 49 µm; size in protargol preparations 5988 × 3547µm, usually about 75 × 41 µm in STH population; size
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FB9BFF3690BEFF79" box="[1105,1170,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in vivo</emphasis>
7395 × 4359 µm* usually about 87 × 49 µm; size in protargol preparations 4978 × 2941 µm* usually about 63 × 34 µm in ASS population. Body proper dorsoventrally flattened; overall outline spade-shaped in ventral view* widest near junction of body proper with peristomial projection* cell outline asymmetric due to prominent left lobe* anterior end of cell tapers to blunt point; peristomial projection joins body proper near right margin; left cell margin conspicuously notched at base of peristomial projection* left lobe overhangs peristomial projection up to one-third of its length (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FA43FE4F974BFDBF" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual.B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature.D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6AD</figureCitation>
* 7BD* G* H). Macronucleus usually inverted teardrop-shape (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCB3FD8E97E9FDA1" box="[889,965,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov.* in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
* E* F)* right margin slightly convex* or ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCA4FDA19790FD81" box="[878,956,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual.B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature.D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6A</figureCitation>
* 7A* G* H)* karyophore unobserved. Chromatin coarsely granular. Micronucleus ellipsoidal (5.5 × 2.5 µm)* adjacent to right anterior margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FAE3FDE0915AFDC0" box="[1321,1398,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A* ventral view of a typical individual.B* ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C* ventral infraciliature.D* dorsal infraciliature.AZM* adoral zone of membranelles; CPK* cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV* contractile vacuole; HL* hyaline subcortical layer; Ma* macronucleus; Mi* micronucleus; POM* paroral membrane; POV* peristomial overture; SK* somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
* 7G). Swims slowly.
7395 × 4359 µm, usually about 87 × 49 µm; size in protargol preparations 4978 × 2941 µm, usually about 63 × 34 µm in ASS population. Body proper dorsoventrally flattened; overall outline spade-shaped in ventral view, widest near junction of body proper with peristomial projection, cell outline asymmetric due to prominent left lobe, anterior end of cell tapers to blunt point; peristomial projection joins body proper near right margin; left cell margin conspicuously notched at base of peristomial projection, left lobe overhangs peristomial projection up to one-third of its length (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FA43FE4F974BFDBF" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual.B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature.D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6AD</figureCitation>
, 7BD, G, H). Macronucleus usually inverted teardrop-shape (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCB3FD8E97E9FDA1" box="[889,965,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov., in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
, E, F), right margin slightly convex, or ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCA4FDA19790FD81" box="[878,956,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual.B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature.D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6A</figureCitation>
, 7A, G, H), karyophore unobserved. Chromatin coarsely granular. Micronucleus ellipsoidal (5.5 × 2.5 µm), adjacent to right anterior margin of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FAE3FDE0915AFDC0" box="[1321,1398,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[111,176,1165,1189]" captionTargetBox="[112,1456,146,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[111,1458,144,1137]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawings of Clevelandella philipi sp. nov. from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (BD). A, ventral view of a typical individual.B, ventral view showing the oral apparatus and nuclear structures. C, ventral infraciliature.D, dorsal infraciliature.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CPK, cilia of circumperistomial kineties; CV, contractile vacuole; HL, hyaline subcortical layer; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; POM, paroral membrane; POV, peristomial overture; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541997/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
, 7G). Swims slowly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51909FFB5FC8FFD23902BFB8B" blockId="7.[808,1461,144,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Somatic ciliature arranged in about 55 kineties. Cilia present only on anterior two-thirds of cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FB58FD4290F5FD65" box="[1170,1241,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov.* in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). About nine widelyspaced* curved* free transverse ciliary rows on peristomial projection. Right sutural kinetofragments numerous* well developed (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCA4FCA49794FC84" box="[878,952,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov.* in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
* E). Peristomial projection averages about 24% of total body length in STH population* 28% in ASS population. Peristomial opening extends one-half (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FB7BFCE790D4FCC7" box="[1201,1272,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov.* in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FB58FD4290F5FD65" box="[1170,1241,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov., in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). About nine widelyspaced, curved, free transverse ciliary rows on peristomial projection. Right sutural kinetofragments numerous, well developed (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCA4FCA49794FC84" box="[878,952,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov., in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
, E). Peristomial projection averages about 24% of total body length in STH population, 28% in ASS population. Peristomial opening extends one-half (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FB7BFCE790D4FCC7" box="[1201,1272,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov., in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) to three-quarters (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCFFFC069750FC29" box="[821,892,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov.* in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
* H) of length of peristomial projection. Adoral zone extends anteriorly about 51% (STH) to 57% (ASS) of body length to end near posterior margin of macronucleus* composed of an average of 30 (ASS) to 32 (STH) membranelles* adoral zone widest in peristomial projection* narrows anteriorly* POM as described for the family.
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201909FFB5FCFFFC069750FC29" box="[821,892,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov., in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
, H) of length of peristomial projection. Adoral zone extends anteriorly about 51% (STH) to 57% (ASS) of body length to end near posterior margin of macronucleus, composed of an average of 30 (ASS) to 32 (STH) membranelles, adoral zone widest in peristomial projection, narrows anteriorly, POM as described for the family.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1909FFB5FCE0FBD0904AFA19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
@ -151,17 +151,17 @@ was found in the hindgut of two
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261909FFB5FC96FBF397F2FB33" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1904" box="[860,990,1141,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Panesthiinae">Panesthiinae</taxonomicName>
species from
<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351909FFB5FBBDFBF09165FB33" box="[1143,1353,1141,1165]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
: ASS and STH from the same locality (Wanang 3). Of STH individuals* all of which were juveniles* 30% harboured
: ASS and STH from the same locality (Wanang 3). Of STH individuals, all of which were juveniles, 30% harboured
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261909FFB5FB29FB329112FB72" authorityName="Kotyk &amp; Bourland &amp; Soviš &amp; Méndez-Sánchez &amp; Škaloud &amp; Varadínová &amp; Čepička" authorityYear="2024" box="[1251,1342,1204,1228]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="philipi">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FB29FB329112FB72" box="[1251,1342,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. philipi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since only
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of the STH population (both males) were dissected* no conclusions can be reached about possible life-stage specificity. In the ASS population*
of the STH population (both males) were dissected, no conclusions can be reached about possible life-stage specificity. In the ASS population,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261909FFB5FB8BFA9490B6FA94" authorityName="Kotyk &amp; Bourland &amp; Soviš &amp; Méndez-Sánchez &amp; Škaloud &amp; Varadínová &amp; Čepička" authorityYear="2024" box="[1089,1178,1298,1322]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="philipi">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FB8BFA9490B6FA94" box="[1089,1178,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. philipi</emphasis>
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was present in 37% of cockroach individuals regardless of age and sex. When present* the ciliate is typically abundant. In ASS the infection with
was present in 37% of cockroach individuals regardless of age and sex. When present, the ciliate is typically abundant. In ASS the infection with
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261909FFB5FA92FAD79198FAD7" authorityName="Kotyk &amp; Bourland &amp; Soviš &amp; Méndez-Sánchez &amp; Škaloud &amp; Varadínová &amp; Čepička" authorityYear="2024" box="[1368,1460,1361,1385]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="philipi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FA92FAD79198FAD7" box="[1368,1460,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. philipi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ frequently (90%) co-occurred with
<emphasis id="508DEAB71909FFB5FB27FAF69170FA36" box="[1261,1372,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. ananiasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BBE57CC1909FFB5FAABFAF69187FA36" box="[1377,1451,1392,1416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
* requiring care in identification.
, requiring care in identification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>

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@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
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<mods:namePart id="A4884A52871258EA3D6DE52D1AFDFDCB">Varadínová, Zuzana Kotyková</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="EA5087B31913FFAFFC6BFDD890F8FAE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA5087B31913FFAFFC6BFDD890F8FAE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA5087B31913FFAFFC6BFDD890F8FAE7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatment id="EA5087B31913FFAFFC6BFDD890F8FAE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14548189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14548189" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA5087B31913FFAFFC6BFDD890F8FAE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA5087B31913FFAFFC6BFDD890F8FAE7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="390E81C91913FFAFFC6BFDD89110FDC6" bold="true" box="[929,1340,606,633]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
@ -101,16 +101,16 @@
<paragraph id="624636A51913FFAFFC81FD089088FD79" blockId="29.[843,1426,654,711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFC81FD089088FD79" bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFC9FFD0897E7FD16" box="[853,971,654,680]" captionStart-0="Figure 32" captionStart-1="Figure 33" captionStart-2="Figure 34" captionStartId-0="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionStartId-1="38.[129,194,1508,1532]" captionStartId-2="39.[113,179,1984,2008]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetBox-1="[130,1473,146,1478]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1395,144,1968]" captionTargetId-0="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetId-1="figure-154@38.[128,1475,144,1480]" captionTargetId-2="figure-7@39.[178,1395,144,1968]" captionTargetPageId-0="37" captionTargetPageId-1="38" captionTargetPageId-2="39" captionText-0="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D* E). From ASS (A)* PAA (B* D* E)* and PT (C). A* ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow)* cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B* ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk)* adoral membranelles* (white arrow)* and cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C* ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads)* and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D* E* the same cell in ventral view:D* optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E* surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." captionText-1="Figure 33. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (optical sections of same cell). From ASS.A* surface view showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* right kinetal suture (black arrowhead)* and position of the cytoproct (white arrow). B* slightly deeper focal plane showing conical ciliated excretory antrum within left protuberance (white arrowheads) and defecated material (black arrowhead). C* slightly deeper focal plane than (B) showing faecal material transiting the ciliated excretory antrum (white arrowhead) and numerous rod-shaped perinuclear symbionts (black arrow and inset). D* approximately same focal plane as (C) showing collecting vesicles of contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) which will coalesce and empty into the excretory antrum and the dense* fine cilia lining the antrum (black arrowhead). Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm." captionText-2="Figure 34. Clevelandella panesthiae in the scanning electron microscope. From ASS. A* ventral view showing right kinetal suture (white arrow) and short left suture (white arrowhead)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and ciliated cytoproct (black arrow)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542078" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542080" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14542078/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14542080/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 3234</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFC9FFD0897E7FD16" box="[853,971,654,680]" captionStart-0="Figure 32" captionStart-1="Figure 33" captionStart-2="Figure 34" captionStartId-0="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionStartId-1="38.[129,194,1508,1532]" captionStartId-2="39.[113,179,1984,2008]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetBox-1="[130,1473,146,1478]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1395,144,1968]" captionTargetId-0="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetId-1="figure-154@38.[128,1475,144,1480]" captionTargetId-2="figure-7@39.[178,1395,144,1968]" captionTargetPageId-0="37" captionTargetPageId-1="38" captionTargetPageId-2="39" captionText-0="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). From ASS (A), PAA (B, D, E), and PT (C). A, ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow), cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B, ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk), adoral membranelles, (white arrow), and cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C, ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads), and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D, E, the same cell in ventral view:D, optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E, surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." captionText-1="Figure 33. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (optical sections of same cell). From ASS.A, surface view showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), right kinetal suture (black arrowhead), and position of the cytoproct (white arrow). B, slightly deeper focal plane showing conical ciliated excretory antrum within left protuberance (white arrowheads) and defecated material (black arrowhead). C, slightly deeper focal plane than (B) showing faecal material transiting the ciliated excretory antrum (white arrowhead) and numerous rod-shaped perinuclear symbionts (black arrow and inset). D, approximately same focal plane as (C) showing collecting vesicles of contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) which will coalesce and empty into the excretory antrum and the dense, fine cilia lining the antrum (black arrowhead). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm." captionText-2="Figure 34. Clevelandella panesthiae in the scanning electron microscope. From ASS. A, ventral view showing right kinetal suture (white arrow) and short left suture (white arrowhead), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and ciliated cytoproct (black arrow)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542078" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542080" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14542078/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14542080/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 3234</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Tables S43S47; Video S1)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51913FFAFFCE0FD52906FFCF4" blockId="29.[809,1459,724,842]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Three populations (ASS* PAA* and STH) were morphologically characterized by both
Three populations (ASS, PAA, and STH) were morphologically characterized by both
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFBC5FD72907CFCB5" box="[1039,1104,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
observations and in protargol preparations and two (PAC and PT) only
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFB64FC9590C1FC94" box="[1198,1261,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
. When present* the ciliate was highly abundant.
. When present, the ciliate was highly abundant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51913FFAFFCE0FCEA90F8FAE7" blockId="29.[810,1460,875,1369]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFCE0FCEA974FFC1C" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description based on ASS, PAA, STH, PAC, and PT populations:</emphasis>
@ -120,15 +120,15 @@ Large-sized
</taxonomicName>
(on average 133 × 62 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFCE0FC2D975FFC7C" box="[810,883,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
* range 109168 × 4384 µm; on average 114 × 56 µm in protargol preparations* range 93157 × 3989 µm). Broadly spade-shaped* distinct left-sided notch inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFC54FB8E902CFB9E" box="[926,1024,1032,1056]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetId="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D* E). From ASS (A)* PAA (B* D* E)* and PT (C). A* ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow)* cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B* ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk)* adoral membranelles* (white arrow)* and cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C* ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads)* and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D* E* the same cell in ventral view:D* optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E* surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 32A</figureCitation>
* 34D* E) or absent (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFB3AFB8E9143FB9E" box="[1264,1391,1032,1056]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetId="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D* E). From ASS (A)* PAA (B* D* E)* and PT (C). A* ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow)* cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B* ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk)* adoral membranelles* (white arrow)* and cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C* ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads)* and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D* E* the same cell in ventral view:D* optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E* surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 32BE</figureCitation>
* 34A* B). Macronucleus relatively large* slender* inverted teardrop-shape* obliquely oriented in right half of body proper* chromatin finely granular* karyophore not clearly identified
, range 109168 × 4384 µm; on average 114 × 56 µm in protargol preparations, range 93157 × 3989 µm). Broadly spade-shaped, distinct left-sided notch inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFC54FB8E902CFB9E" box="[926,1024,1032,1056]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetId="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). From ASS (A), PAA (B, D, E), and PT (C). A, ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow), cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B, ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk), adoral membranelles, (white arrow), and cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C, ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads), and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D, E, the same cell in ventral view:D, optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E, surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 32A</figureCitation>
, 34D, E) or absent (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFB3AFB8E9143FB9E" box="[1264,1391,1032,1056]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetId="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). From ASS (A), PAA (B, D, E), and PT (C). A, ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow), cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B, ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk), adoral membranelles, (white arrow), and cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C, ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads), and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D, E, the same cell in ventral view:D, optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E, surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 32BE</figureCitation>
, 34A, B). Macronucleus relatively large, slender, inverted teardrop-shape, obliquely oriented in right half of body proper, chromatin finely granular, karyophore not clearly identified
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFA55FBE1977FFB23" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
or in protargol preparations. Micronucleus ellipsoidal (about 4.5 × 2 µm). Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60% of cell. Right sutural kinetofragments absent. Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFA42FB65977AFAA5" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetId="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D* E). From ASS (A)* PAA (B* D* E)* and PT (C). A* ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow)* cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow)* circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B* ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk)* adoral membranelles* (white arrow)* and cytoplasmic granules* possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C* ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads)* and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D* E* the same cell in ventral view:D* optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E* surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 32A</figureCitation>
* 34B). Adoral zone extends about 60% of cell length on average* composed of an average of 47 membranelles (range 4252). Paroral membrane not studied.
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFA42FB65977AFAA5" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="37.[112,177,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[113,1449,145,732]" captionTargetId="figure-595@37.[112,1459,144,734]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 32. Clevelandella panesthiae in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D, E). From ASS (A), PAA (B, D, E), and PT (C). A, ventral view (optical section) of typical form showing the contractile vacuole (white arrow), cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow), circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), and hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads).B, ventral view (optical section) showing location of the cytostome (asterisk), adoral membranelles, (white arrow), and cytoplasmic granules, possibly amylopectin (black arrow). C, ventral view (optical section) showing posterior extent of ciliation on the right margin and left margin (black arrowheads), and unusually tapered anterior end of cell (white arrow heads).D, E, the same cell in ventral view:D, optical section showing cytostome (white arrowhead) amd adoral membranells (white arrow); E, surface view showing ventral infraciliature showing left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (black arrowhead). Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542074/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 32A</figureCitation>
, 34B). Adoral zone extends about 60% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 47 membranelles (range 4252). Paroral membrane not studied.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>

View file

@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFF6AFA6794C7FA45" box="[160,235,1505,1531]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="35.[112,177,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,952]" captionTargetId="figure-512@35.[112,1459,144,954]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 30. Clevelandella kidderi in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From ASS (AE). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow), ventral kineties (black arrow), and margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead). B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow) and posterior extent of ciliation on the left margin (black arrowhead). C, ventral infraciliature showing right sutural kinetofragments (black arrow), left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrowhead). D, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files, and adoral membranelles, (white arrow). E, detail of macronucleus, ventral view showing inconspicuous karyophore (black arrow). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC), 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542068/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFF3FFA67953DFA45" box="[245,273,1505,1531]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="36.[127,192,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-407@36.[129,1473,144,1074]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 31. Clevelandella kidderi in the scanning electron microscope (AD). From ASS. A* ventral view showing left-hand-spiralling ventral kineties (black asterisk) meeting dorsal kineties (white asterisk) to form right kinetal suture (white arrowhead)* cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B* left lateral view showing unciliated parts of dorsal kineties (black asterisk) and ventral kineties (white asterisk)* cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and cilia of adoral membranelles seen in peristomial overture (white arrow). C* posterior view showing dorsoventral flattening and right kinetal suture (white arrowhead) between ventral kineties (black asterisk) and dorsal kineties (white asterisk)* and dorsal margin of the posterior peristomial projection (white arrow). D* detail of the same cell as (B) showing cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrowhead) on the left protuberance (asterisk)* and posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrow). Scale bars: 20 µm (AC)* 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542072/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">31</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFF3FFA67953DFA45" box="[245,273,1505,1531]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="36.[127,192,1102,1126]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1074]" captionTargetId="figure-407@36.[129,1473,144,1074]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 31. Clevelandella kidderi in the scanning electron microscope (AD). From ASS. A, ventral view showing left-hand-spiralling ventral kineties (black asterisk) meeting dorsal kineties (white asterisk) to form right kinetal suture (white arrowhead), cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrowhead), and ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B, left lateral view showing unciliated parts of dorsal kineties (black asterisk) and ventral kineties (white asterisk), cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrowhead), and cilia of adoral membranelles seen in peristomial overture (white arrow). C, posterior view showing dorsoventral flattening and right kinetal suture (white arrowhead) between ventral kineties (black asterisk) and dorsal kineties (white asterisk), and dorsal margin of the posterior peristomial projection (white arrow). D, detail of the same cell as (B) showing cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrowhead) on the left protuberance (asterisk), and posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrow). Scale bars: 20 µm (AC), 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542072/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">31</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Tables S41, S42)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
@ -120,12 +120,12 @@ Medium-sized
</taxonomicName>
(on average 128 × 58 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFDADF9269683F909" box="[615,687,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
* range 101168 × 4472 µm; on average 94 × 50 µm in protargol preparations* range 84107 × 4259 µm). Spade-shaped* peristomial projection about 32% of body length* conspicuous left-sided notch at junction of peristomial projection and body proper* left lobe well developed. Macronucleus inverted teardrop-shape with finely granular chromatin* obliquely oriented* situated right of midline in anterior half of body proper. Karyophore at posterior end of macronucleus* visible inconsistently (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFCA4FEED97EEFE3D" box="[878,962,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="35.[112,177,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,952]" captionTargetId="figure-512@35.[112,1459,144,954]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 30. Clevelandella kidderi in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From ASS (AE). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow)* ventral kineties (black arrow)* and margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead). B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow) and posterior extent of ciliation on the left margin (black arrowhead). C* ventral infraciliature showing right sutural kinetofragments (black arrow)* left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrowhead). D* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files* and adoral membranelles* (white arrow). E* detail of macronucleus* ventral view showing inconspicuous karyophore (black arrow). Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC)* 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542068/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
, range 101168 × 4472 µm; on average 94 × 50 µm in protargol preparations, range 84107 × 4259 µm). Spade-shaped, peristomial projection about 32% of body length, conspicuous left-sided notch at junction of peristomial projection and body proper, left lobe well developed. Macronucleus inverted teardrop-shape with finely granular chromatin, obliquely oriented, situated right of midline in anterior half of body proper. Karyophore at posterior end of macronucleus, visible inconsistently (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFCA4FEED97EEFE3D" box="[878,962,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="35.[112,177,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,952]" captionTargetId="figure-512@35.[112,1459,144,954]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 30. Clevelandella kidderi in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From ASS (AE). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow), ventral kineties (black arrow), and margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead). B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow) and posterior extent of ciliation on the left margin (black arrowhead). C, ventral infraciliature showing right sutural kinetofragments (black arrow), left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrowhead). D, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files, and adoral membranelles, (white arrow). E, detail of macronucleus, ventral view showing inconspicuous karyophore (black arrow). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC), 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542068/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
). Micronucleus globular near anterior margin of macronucleus. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60% of cell. Right sutural kinetofragments probably developed (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFCA5FE4F97EAFE5F" box="[879,966,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="35.[112,177,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,952]" captionTargetId="figure-512@35.[112,1459,144,954]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 30. Clevelandella kidderi in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From ASS (AE). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow)* ventral kineties (black arrow)* and margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead). B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow) and posterior extent of ciliation on the left margin (black arrowhead). C* ventral infraciliature showing right sutural kinetofragments (black arrow)* left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrowhead). D* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files* and adoral membranelles* (white arrow). E* detail of macronucleus* ventral view showing inconspicuous karyophore (black arrow). Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC)* 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542068/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
)* but better oriented and stained cells would be needed to know for sure. Adoral zone extends about 58% of cell length on average* composed of an average of 47 membranelles (range 4549). POM as described for the family (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFAE9FDA19157FD81" box="[1315,1403,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="35.[112,177,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,952]" captionTargetId="figure-512@35.[112,1459,144,954]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 30. Clevelandella kidderi in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From ASS (AE). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow)* ventral kineties (black arrow)* and margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead). B* dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow) and posterior extent of ciliation on the left margin (black arrowhead). C* ventral infraciliature showing right sutural kinetofragments (black arrow)* left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk)* and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrowhead). D* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files* and adoral membranelles* (white arrow). E* detail of macronucleus* ventral view showing inconspicuous karyophore (black arrow). Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC)* 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542068/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFCA5FE4F97EAFE5F" box="[879,966,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="35.[112,177,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,952]" captionTargetId="figure-512@35.[112,1459,144,954]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 30. Clevelandella kidderi in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From ASS (AE). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow), ventral kineties (black arrow), and margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead). B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow) and posterior extent of ciliation on the left margin (black arrowhead). C, ventral infraciliature showing right sutural kinetofragments (black arrow), left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrowhead). D, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files, and adoral membranelles, (white arrow). E, detail of macronucleus, ventral view showing inconspicuous karyophore (black arrow). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC), 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542068/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
), but better oriented and stained cells would be needed to know for sure. Adoral zone extends about 58% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 47 membranelles (range 4549). POM as described for the family (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFAE9FDA19157FD81" box="[1315,1403,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="35.[112,177,982,1006]" captionTargetBox="[114,1457,145,952]" captionTargetId="figure-512@35.[112,1459,144,954]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 30. Clevelandella kidderi in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CE). From ASS (AE). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow), ventral kineties (black arrow), and margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead). B, dorsal view showing contractile vacuole (white arrow) and posterior extent of ciliation on the left margin (black arrowhead). C, ventral infraciliature showing right sutural kinetofragments (black arrow), left-hand spiralling ventral kineties (asterisk), and looping kineties of the peristomial projection (white arrowhead). D, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files, and adoral membranelles, (white arrow). E, detail of macronucleus, ventral view showing inconspicuous karyophore (black arrow). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AC), 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542068/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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@ -101,12 +101,12 @@
<paragraph id="624636A51913FFAFFF59FD0E9632FC9B" blockId="29.[113,762,648,805]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFF59FD0E96F5FD1C" bold="true" box="[147,729,648,675]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFF57FD0F94C5FD1D" box="[157,233,649,675]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A)* MP (B* F)* ASS (C* D)* PT (E)* and PGW (G* H). A* ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow)* contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B* ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C* dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (white arrow)* and left protuberance (asterisk). D* right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E* ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G* dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H* ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head)* prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 28</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFF57FD0F94C5FD1D" box="[157,233,649,675]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A), MP (B, F), ASS (C, D), PT (E), and PGW (G, H). A, ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B, ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C, dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and left protuberance (asterisk). D, right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G, dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H, ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head), prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFF38FD0F9522FD1D" box="[242,270,649,675]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="34.[129,194,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-5@34.[129,1473,143,1699]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 29. Clevelandella parapanesthiae in the scanning electron microscope. From PAC. A* ventral view showing notch (white arrow) between left protuberance (white asterisk) and peristomial projection (black asterisk)* cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrow)* and cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). B* dorsal view showing notch (white arrow) between left protuberance (white asterisk) and peristomial projection (black asterisk)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). C* posteroventral view showing posterior protuberance (white asterisk)* cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). D* posterior view showing dorsoventral flattening* right kinetal suture (black arrow) between ventral kineties (white asterisk) and dorsal kineties (black asterisk)* position of cytoproct (white arrow)* and peristomial overture (white arrowhead). Scale bars: 20 µm (AD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542064/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">29</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFF38FD0F9522FD1D" box="[242,270,649,675]" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="34.[129,194,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-5@34.[129,1473,143,1699]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 29. Clevelandella parapanesthiae in the scanning electron microscope. From PAC. A, ventral view showing notch (white arrow) between left protuberance (white asterisk) and peristomial projection (black asterisk), cilia protruding from cytoproct (black arrow), and cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). B, dorsal view showing notch (white arrow) between left protuberance (white asterisk) and peristomial projection (black asterisk), and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). C, posteroventral view showing posterior protuberance (white asterisk), cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow), and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). D, posterior view showing dorsoventral flattening, right kinetal suture (black arrow) between ventral kineties (white asterisk) and dorsal kineties (black asterisk), position of cytoproct (white arrow), and peristomial overture (white arrowhead). Scale bars: 20 µm (AD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542064/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">29</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Tables S35S40)
</emphasis>
Four populations (ASS* PGW* PAC* and MP) were morphologically characterized by both
Four populations (ASS, PGW, PAC, and MP) were morphologically characterized by both
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFE07FD499639FD58" box="[461,533,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
observations and in protargol preparations and two (PT and STH) only
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFD42FD6996E4FCB8" box="[648,712,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
@ -120,18 +120,18 @@ Medium-sized
</taxonomicName>
(on average 99 × 55 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFD65FCE196D8FCC0" box="[687,756,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
* range 66119 × 3171 µm; on average 86 × 46 µm in protargol preparations* range 70114 × 3356 µm). Spade-shaped with distinct left notch and protrusive left lobe; peristomial projection short* broad* about 24% of body length. Macronucleus from slender inverted teardrop-shape (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFDD5FB859651FBA5" box="[543,637,1027,1051]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A)* MP (B* F)* ASS (C* D)* PT (E)* and PGW (G* H). A* ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow)* contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B* ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C* dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (white arrow)* and left protuberance (asterisk). D* right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E* ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G* dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H* ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head)* prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
* G* H) to scimitar-like (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFECBFBA49576FB84" box="[257,346,1058,1082]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A)* MP (B* F)* ASS (C* D)* PT (E)* and PGW (G* H). A* ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow)* contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B* ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C* dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (white arrow)* and left protuberance (asterisk). D* right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E* ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G* dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H* ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head)* prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
* E* F)* obliquely oriented* situated right of midline* posterior end extends into posterior part of body proper* karyophore at posterior end of macronucleus* visible only inconsistently
, range 66119 × 3171 µm; on average 86 × 46 µm in protargol preparations, range 70114 × 3356 µm). Spade-shaped with distinct left notch and protrusive left lobe; peristomial projection short, broad, about 24% of body length. Macronucleus from slender inverted teardrop-shape (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFDD5FB859651FBA5" box="[543,637,1027,1051]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A), MP (B, F), ASS (C, D), PT (E), and PGW (G, H). A, ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B, ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C, dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and left protuberance (asterisk). D, right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G, dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H, ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head), prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
, G, H) to scimitar-like (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFECBFBA49576FB84" box="[257,346,1058,1082]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A), MP (B, F), ASS (C, D), PT (E), and PGW (G, H). A, ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B, ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C, dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and left protuberance (asterisk). D, right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G, dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H, ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head), prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
, E, F), obliquely oriented, situated right of midline, posterior end extends into posterior part of body proper, karyophore at posterior end of macronucleus, visible only inconsistently
<emphasis id="508DEAB71913FFAFFE8FFB0795A7FB26" box="[325,395,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">in vivo</emphasis>
and in protargol preparations. In MP population cells with S-like (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFE1DFB199603FB09" box="[471,559,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A)* MP (B* F)* ASS (C* D)* PT (E)* and PGW (G* H). A* ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow)* contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B* ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C* dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (white arrow)* and left protuberance (asterisk). D* right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E* ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G* dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H* ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head)* prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
) macronucleus (as well as normal teardrop-shaped) were observed. Micronucleus ellipsoidal* inconspicuous. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 67% of cell. About 10 obliquely oriented* free right sutural kinetofragments in the right suture (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFD46FA9B96C6FA8B" box="[652,746,1309,1333]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A)* MP (B* F)* ASS (C* D)* PT (E)* and PGW (G* H). A* ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow)* contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B* ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C* dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (white arrow)* and left protuberance (asterisk). D* right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E* ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G* dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H* ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head)* prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28D</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone extends about 56% of cell length on average* composed of an average of 38 membranelles (range 3542). POM diplostichomonad only in anterior quarter (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFDE5FAFD96AEFA2D" box="[559,642,1403,1427]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A)* MP (B* F)* ASS (C* D)* PT (E)* and PGW (G* H). A* ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow)* contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B* ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C* dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (white arrow)* and left protuberance (asterisk). D* right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E* ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F* detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G* dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H* ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head)* prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFE1DFB199603FB09" box="[471,559,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A), MP (B, F), ASS (C, D), PT (E), and PGW (G, H). A, ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B, ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C, dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and left protuberance (asterisk). D, right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G, dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H, ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head), prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
) macronucleus (as well as normal teardrop-shaped) were observed. Micronucleus ellipsoidal, inconspicuous. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 67% of cell. About 10 obliquely oriented, free right sutural kinetofragments in the right suture (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFD46FA9B96C6FA8B" box="[652,746,1309,1333]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A), MP (B, F), ASS (C, D), PT (E), and PGW (G, H). A, ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B, ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C, dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and left protuberance (asterisk). D, right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G, dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H, ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head), prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28D</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone extends about 56% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 38 membranelles (range 3542). POM diplostichomonad only in anterior quarter (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201913FFAFFDE5FAFD96AEFA2D" box="[559,642,1403,1427]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[119,757,146,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-508@33.[118,758,145,1495]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 28. Clevelandella parapanesthiae. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From PGW (A), MP (B, F), ASS (C, D), PT (E), and PGW (G, H). A, ventral view showing adoral membranelles (white arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), and micronucleus (black arrowhead). B, ventral view showing atypical macronuclear S-shape and adoral membranelles (white arrow). C, dorsal view (optical section) showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and left protuberance (asterisk). D, right lateral detail view of sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead) and dorsal kinety (white arrowhead). E, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and left protuberance (asterisk).F, detail view of paroral membrane showing short (white arrowhead) and long (black arrowhead) files.G, dorsal view showing straight dorsal kineties (black arrowhead). H, ventral view showing paroral membrane (black arrow head), prominent notch (white arrowhead)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542062/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

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<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1919FFA5FC6FFAE49114FAC3" box="[933,1336,1378,1405]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="624636A51919FFA5FC6FFAE49114FAC3" blockId="23.[933,1336,1378,1405]" box="[933,1336,1378,1405]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="390E81C91919FFA5FC6FFAE49114FAC3" bold="true" box="[933,1336,1378,1405]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261919FFA5FC6FFAE490AFFAC3" authority="Kidder, 1937" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1937" box="[933,1155,1378,1405]" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Paraclevelandia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71919FFA5FC6FFAE490AFFAC3" bold="true" box="[933,1155,1378,1405]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Paraclevelandia brevis</emphasis>
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in simplex form
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71919FFA5FC9CFA149089FA75" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
(
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,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FC2FFA149001FA12" box="[997,1069,1426,1452]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="28.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@28.[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 24. Paraclevelandia brevis in the scanning electron microscope. From PAC.Small brevis morphotype (A, B, D, E), large simplex morphotype (C, F). A, dorsal view of showing unciliated posterior parts of dorsal somatic kineties (white asterisk) and convergence of somatic kineties (whorl) on inconspicuous left posterior protuberance (black arrow).B, right ventrolateral view showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrow). C, detail view of right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) between dorsal (black asterisk) and left-spiralling ventral (white asterisk) somatic kineties, from same cell as (F). D, detail view of same cell as (B)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542052/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">24C, F</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Tables S30S33)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51919FFA5FCE0FA5E978CF9B1" blockId="23.[810,1458,1496,1551]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">When present, the simplex form was present in low to moderate abundance.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51919FFA8FCE0F9B796CFFA19" blockId="23.[810,1460,1585,1953]" lastBlockId="26.[129,778,1266,1448]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71919FFA5FCE0F9B7904EF9D6" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description based on ASS, PAA and STH in vivo,andPAA, STH, and SRU in protargol preparations:</emphasis>
Medium-sized
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261919FFA5FAC3F9D6919FF9D6" box="[1289,1459,1616,1640]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Clevelandellidae</taxonomicName>
(on average 84 × 47 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB71919FFA5FBE0F9F69045F939" box="[1066,1129,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">in vivo</emphasis>
, range 70101 × 3858 µm; on average 76 ×
<quantity id="A5019B401919FFA5FC7BF90997C8F919" box="[945,996,1679,1703]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="45.0">45 in</quantity>
protargol preparations, range 6198 × 3753 µm). Ovate to almost broadly fusiform, anterior end tapers to rounded point, posterior end broadly rounded, peristomial projection absent as in brevis form; distinct left lobe absent. Macronucleus elongated, cylindrical, situated longitudinally in anterior half of cell near right cell margin. Micronucleus oval, near midportion of macronucleus, smaller compared to brevis form (3.4 vs. 5.3 µm). A sack-like structure formed between anterior margin of macronucleus and anterior end of cell as reported by
<bibRefCitation id="06684B541916FFAAFEEAF8D99583F8C9" author="Kidder GW" box="[288,431,1887,1911]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="163 - 205" refId="ref35089" refString="Kidder GW. Ne intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 1937; 29: 163 - 205." type="journal article" year="1937">Kidder (1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="06684B541916FFAAFE77F8D995DDF8C9" author="Kidder GW" box="[445,497,1887,1911]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="69 - 77" refId="ref35110" refString="Kidder GW. Nuclear reorganization without cell division in Paraclevelandia simplex (family Clevelandellidae) * an endocommensal ciliate of the woodfeeding roach Panesthia. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 1938; 91: 69 - 77." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
), visible both
<emphasis id="508DEAB71916FFAAFD47F8E696FCF8C9" box="[653,720,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">in vivo</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201916FFAAFD29F8D99483F829" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23H</figureCitation>
, I) and protargol preparations (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201916FFAAFDCAF8F8967CF829" box="[512,592,1918,1943]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23J</figureCitation>
). Karyophore inconspicuous, not visible
<emphasis id="508DEAB71916FFAAFE49F81995EFF808" box="[387,451,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">in vivo</emphasis>
, sometimes visible in protargol preparations (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201916FFAAFC06F8D99031F8C9" box="[972,1053,1887,1911]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23J</figureCitation>
, O), attached to both anterior and posterior end of macronucleus. Cortex with refractile interkinetal granules, probably mucocysts (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201916FFAAFB4FF81890F4F808" box="[1157,1240,1950,1974]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 23I</figureCitation>
). Somatic ciliature in same pattern and distribution as brevis form. Kinetal furrows conspicuous. Up to 20 free kinetofragments in right suture (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201914FFA8FD29FA949480FAF7" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 23K</figureCitation>
, P). Organization of oral ciliature as for the family with same exceptions as brevis form. Adoral zone narrows from posterior to anterior, extends about 50% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 28 membranelles (range 2532).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FEF5FA83963BFA9E" bold="true" box="[319,535,1285,1312]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhynchoclevelandella</emphasis>
sp. 2
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(
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; Supporting Information, Table S23)
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sp. 2
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was detected and morphologically characterized in a single host population (ASS), with a very low abundance—no more than 10 individuals in a single host.
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FF56FA3F9541FA6F" box="[156,365,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhynchoclenelandella</emphasis>
sp. 2 is morphologically very similar to
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191AFFA6FF4BFA5F9523FA4E" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[129,271,1497,1520]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FF4BFA5F9523FA4E" box="[129,271,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. nipponensis</emphasis>
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, albeit a bit smaller: 73 (excluding one unusually large individual) vs. 82 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FE52FA7F95F4F9AE" box="[408,472,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in vivo</emphasis>
and 56 vs. 65 µm in protargol preparations with larger micronucleus (7 × 4.8 vs. 5.5 × 3 µm). A single gargantuan cell (146 × 58 µm) was seen (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FDB7F9B196FFF9F1" box="[637,723,1591,1615]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
) and molecularly characterized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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<subSubSection id="2AE3652E191AFFA6FF15F90B9687F919" box="[223,683,1677,1704]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
@ -101,9 +101,9 @@
<paragraph id="624636A5191AFFA6FF67F93A96F1F968" blockId="20.[129,778,1724,1850]" box="[173,733,1724,1751]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FF67F93A96F1F968" bold="true" box="[173,733,1724,1751]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FF7DF93B9502F969" box="[183,302,1725,1751]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 21LT</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FF7DF93B9502F969" box="[183,302,1725,1751]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 21LT</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FEF2F93B9578F969" box="[312,340,1725,1751]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="26.[129,194,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,971]" captionTargetId="figure-391@26.[129,1473,144,971]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 22. Clevelandella hastula in the scanning electron microscope.From PGW.A* ventral view showing collapsed left lobar protrusion (black arrow)* right margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead)* left-hand spiralling unciliated part of ventral kineties (white arrowhead)* and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* dorsal view showing left lobar protrusion (black arrow) and unciliated parts of dorsal somatic kineties (black arrowhead) on the characteristically elongated peristomial protrusion (white arrow). C* left lateral view of posterior part of cell showing cilia protruding from the cytoproct on the dome of the left lobar protrusion (black arrow)* the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead)* cilia of the adoral membranelles (small black arrow)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrow)* and the inconspicuous left posterior suture (white arrowhead) between dorsal kineties (black asterisk) and ventral kineties (white asterisk).Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542046/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FEF2F93B9578F969" box="[312,340,1725,1751]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="26.[129,194,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,971]" captionTargetId="figure-391@26.[129,1473,144,971]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 22. Clevelandella hastula in the scanning electron microscope.From PGW.A, ventral view showing collapsed left lobar protrusion (black arrow), right margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling unciliated part of ventral kineties (white arrowhead), and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, dorsal view showing left lobar protrusion (black arrow) and unciliated parts of dorsal somatic kineties (black arrowhead) on the characteristically elongated peristomial protrusion (white arrow). C, left lateral view of posterior part of cell showing cilia protruding from the cytoproct on the dome of the left lobar protrusion (black arrow), the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead), cilia of the adoral membranelles (small black arrow), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrow), and the inconspicuous left posterior suture (white arrowhead) between dorsal kineties (black asterisk) and ventral kineties (white asterisk).Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542046/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">22</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Table S24)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
@ -120,41 +120,41 @@ Small- to medium-sized
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191AFFA6FF0CF8FD9552F82D" box="[198,382,1915,1939]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Clevelandellidae</taxonomicName>
(on average 86 × 31 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FD7CF8FD972FF82C" box="[694,771,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in vivo</emphasis>
* 80 × 28 µm excluding single unusually large (142 × 53 µm) individual* range 62142 × 2353 µm; on average 82 × 24 µm in protargol preparations* range 6494 × 1831 µm). Slender spear or spade shape (L/
, 80 × 28 µm excluding single unusually large (142 × 53 µm) individual, range 62142 × 2353 µm; on average 82 × 24 µm in protargol preparations, range 6494 × 1831 µm). Slender spear or spade shape (L/
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W
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3.4
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FAF2FAC391ADFAE2" box="[1336,1409,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in vivo</emphasis>
*
,
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protargol preparations)* left-sided notch at base of peristomial projection (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FB8CFA05908EFA25" box="[1094,1186,1411,1435]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
* M* P)* inconspicuous or absent in smaller cells (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FBF5FA2490B2FA04" box="[1087,1182,1442,1466]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21N</figureCitation>
* Q). Posterior peristomial projection conspicuously elongated (about 40% of cell length on average)* typically curves rightward (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FA97FA679197FA47" box="[1373,1467,1505,1529]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
* M* N* P* Q)* in large cells visibly curved in last third (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FA53F9869748F986" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
* M). Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal* posterior end sometimes pointed (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FBE2F9B990A9F9E9" box="[1064,1157,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21P</figureCitation>
* S). Karyophore rarely visible* attached to posterior end of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FA96F9D89191F9C8" box="[1372,1469,1630,1654]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21O</figureCitation>
* S). Micronucleus ellipsoidal* about 5.1 µm across. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60% of cell length. Dorsal kineties almost straight in protargol preparations (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FC8FF95A9786F94A" box="[837,938,1756,1780]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21R</figureCitation>
protargol preparations), left-sided notch at base of peristomial projection (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FB8CFA05908EFA25" box="[1094,1186,1411,1435]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
, M, P), inconspicuous or absent in smaller cells (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FBF5FA2490B2FA04" box="[1087,1182,1442,1466]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21N</figureCitation>
, Q). Posterior peristomial projection conspicuously elongated (about 40% of cell length on average), typically curves rightward (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FA97FA679197FA47" box="[1373,1467,1505,1529]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
, M, N, P, Q), in large cells visibly curved in last third (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FA53F9869748F986" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
, M). Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal, posterior end sometimes pointed (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FBE2F9B990A9F9E9" box="[1064,1157,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21P</figureCitation>
, S). Karyophore rarely visible, attached to posterior end of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FA96F9D89191F9C8" box="[1372,1469,1630,1654]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21O</figureCitation>
, S). Micronucleus ellipsoidal, about 5.1 µm across. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 60% of cell length. Dorsal kineties almost straight in protargol preparations (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FC8FF95A9786F94A" box="[837,938,1756,1780]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21R</figureCitation>
). Free right sutural kinetofragments present (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FC8FF97D978EF8AD" box="[837,930,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21P</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone extends about 44% of cell length on average* composed of an average of 26 membranelles (range 2328).
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191AFFA6FC8FF97D978EF8AD" box="[837,930,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21P</figureCitation>
). Adoral zone extends about 44% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 26 membranelles (range 2328).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191AFFA6FC9FF8DF919EF80E" blockId="20.[824,1475,1285,1968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information* Table S24)* our population is slightly broader than that ofKidder (1937) (L/
Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information, Table S24), our population is slightly broader than that ofKidder (1937) (L/
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W
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191AFFA6FC3BF81E901CF811" box="[1009,1072,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in vivo</emphasis>
*
,
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protargol preparations vs. 3.8).
</paragraph>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
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<subSubSection id="2AE3652E191BFFA7FC64F88B9103F899" box="[942,1327,1805,1832]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191BFFA7FC64F88B90A7F896" authority="Kidder, 1937" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1937" box="[942,1163,1805,1832]" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Paraclevelandia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FC64F88B90A7F896" bold="true" box="[942,1163,1805,1832]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraclevelandia brevis</emphasis>
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in brevis form
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<paragraph id="624636A5191BFFA7FC28F8B190D6F8EC" blockId="21.[810,1358,1847,1941]" box="[994,1274,1847,1874]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FC28F8B190D6F8EC" bold="true" box="[994,1274,1847,1874]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
(
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,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191BFFA7FBBFF8B190DEF8EC" box="[1141,1266,1847,1874]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="28.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@28.[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 24. Paraclevelandia brevis in the scanning electron microscope. From PAC.Small brevis morphotype (A, B, D, E), large simplex morphotype (C, F). A, dorsal view of showing unciliated posterior parts of dorsal somatic kineties (white asterisk) and convergence of somatic kineties (whorl) on inconspicuous left posterior protuberance (black arrow).B, right ventrolateral view showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrow). C, detail view of right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) between dorsal (black asterisk) and left-spiralling ventral (white asterisk) somatic kineties, from same cell as (F). D, detail view of same cell as (B)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542052/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">24A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
;
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FC45F8D09162F8CE" bold="true" box="[911,1358,1878,1905]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Supporting Information, Tables S25S29)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191BFFA7FCE0F8FB9166F82B" blockId="21.[810,1358,1847,1941]" box="[810,1354,1917,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">When present, the brevis form was highly abundant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191BFFA5FCE0F82E9075FA93" blockId="21.[810,1460,1959,2015]" lastBlockId="23.[810,1461,1270,1325]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FCE0F82E9093F860" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description based on ASS, PAA, PAC, PRG, STH in vivo, and PRG and STH in protargol preparation:</emphasis>
Small
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191BFFA7FAC3F841919FF861" box="[1289,1459,1991,2015]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Clevelandellidae</taxonomicName>
(on average 44 × 28 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB71919FFA5FEBFFB71959BFAB0" box="[373,439,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">in vivo</emphasis>
, range 3458 × 2148 µm; on average 34 ×
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protargol preparations, range 2647 × 1528 µm). Broadly ovate, slightly dorsoventrally flattened, anterior end tapers to rounded point, posterior end transversely truncate. Posterior peristomial projection absent. Peristomial overture on left posterior margin of cell. Macronucleus elongated ellipsoidal, chromatin coarsely granular. Micronucleus ellipsoidal, relatively large (46 µm across), dorsal to macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FD58FA5796C5FA57" box="[658,745,1489,1513]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
). Karyophore not detected. A sack-like structure formed between anterior margin of macronucleus and anterior end of cell as reported by
<bibRefCitation id="06684B541919FFA5FF13F9A99549F9F9" author="Kidder GW" box="[217,357,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="163 - 205" refId="ref35089" refString="Kidder GW. Ne intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 1937; 29: 163 - 205." type="journal article" year="1937">Kidder (1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="06684B541919FFA5FEBAF9A99588F9F9" author="Kidder GW" box="[368,420,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="69 - 77" refId="ref35110" refString="Kidder GW. Nuclear reorganization without cell division in Paraclevelandia simplex (family Clevelandellidae) * an endocommensal ciliate of the woodfeeding roach Panesthia. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 1938; 91: 69 - 77." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
), not evident in protargol preparations (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FF09F9C99531F9D9" box="[195,285,1615,1639]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
). Cortex with refractile interkinetal granules, probably mucocysts (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FE98F9E89584F938" box="[338,424,1646,1670]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
). Somatic kineties strongly spiralled leftward (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FEC4F90B954FF91B" box="[270,355,1677,1701]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="28.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@28.[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 24. Paraclevelandia brevis in the scanning electron microscope. From PAC.Small brevis morphotype (A, B, D, E), large simplex morphotype (C, F). A, dorsal view of showing unciliated posterior parts of dorsal somatic kineties (white asterisk) and convergence of somatic kineties (whorl) on inconspicuous left posterior protuberance (black arrow).B, right ventrolateral view showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrow). C, detail view of right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) between dorsal (black asterisk) and left-spiralling ventral (white asterisk) somatic kineties, from same cell as (F). D, detail view of same cell as (B)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542052/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
). Somatic cilia absent on right, ventral, left parts of posterior cortex (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FE50F92B95DCF97B" box="[410,496,1709,1733]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="28.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@28.[272,1331,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 24. Paraclevelandia brevis in the scanning electron microscope. From PAC.Small brevis morphotype (A, B, D, E), large simplex morphotype (C, F). A, dorsal view of showing unciliated posterior parts of dorsal somatic kineties (white asterisk) and convergence of somatic kineties (whorl) on inconspicuous left posterior protuberance (black arrow).B, right ventrolateral view showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrow). C, detail view of right sutural kinetofragments (white arrow) between dorsal (black asterisk) and left-spiralling ventral (white asterisk) somatic kineties, from same cell as (F). D, detail view of same cell as (B)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542052/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
, B, E), extend to posterior cell margin dorsally. Kinetal furrows prominent. Two ciliated circumperistomial kineties. About 10 ciliated kinetofragments in midportion of right suture, increase in length from posterior to anterior (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FF3AF8AC9566F8FC" box="[240,330,1834,1858]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 23E</figureCitation>
, F, 24B, D). Organization of oral ciliature as for the family except, in absence of peristomial projection, oral structures are situated in body proper (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201919FFA5FDE0F8EF96ACF83F" box="[554,640,1897,1921]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[112,177,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[115,1453,148,1250]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[112,1456,144,1253]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. Paraclevelandia brevis, from life (AC, H, I) and after protargol impregnation (DG, JP). Small brevis morphotype (AG), large simplex morphotype (HP); from ASS (A, H, I), SRU (JM, K, O, P), STH (B, N), PAA (C), PGW (DG). A, ventral view (optical section) showing the apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing the subcortical layer of globules (probable mucocysts, black arrow), contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (white arrow), and circumperistomial cilia (black arrowhead). C, dorsal view showing relatively straight course of somatic kineties (asterisk). D, Ventral view (optical section) showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). E, right ventrolateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, right lateral view showing sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead), ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) kineties.G, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane, asterisk indicates direction to anterior end of cell.H, ventral view (optical section) showing adoral membranelles (white arrow) and apical sac-like sructure (black arrowhead).I, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling somatic kineties (asterisk) and apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead). JM, the same cell in ventral view: J, optical section showing inconspicuous anterior and posterior karyophore (white arrows), the separate apical sac-like structure (black arrowhead), and elliptical excretory antrum (white arrowheads); K, surface view showing sutural kinetofragmments (black arrowhead), left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (asterisk), and peristomial overture (black arrow); L, excretory antrum (asterisk); M, elliptical cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead). N, detail view showing long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the diplostichomonad paroral membrane. Asterisk indicates anterior end. O, detail of macrunucleus and micronucleus (white arrowhead) and karyophore (black arrowhead). P, kinetofragments in right suture (black arrowheads).Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:5 µm (AF), 1.25 µm (G), 10 µm (HK, O, P), 2 µm (LN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542048/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
, B, D, H, J). Adoral zone narrows from posterior to anterior, extends about 50% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 15 membranelles (range 1417).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FFBBF8C194FEF8E0" box="[113,210,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Synonym:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FF12F8C195ECF8E1" box="[216,448,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraclevelandia simplex</emphasis>
Kidder
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, 1937.
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FF47F8E09541F8C0" box="[141,365,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraclevelandia brevis</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191BFFA7FE79F8E09689F8C0" box="[435,677,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paraclevelandia simplex</emphasis>
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as described by
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represent two forms of a single species (see Discussion),
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.
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For simplicity the two morphotypes are hereafter called brevis and simplex forms.
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@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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<mods:classification id="1B682B498F46BF1DB282CEDF2BB21157">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FD4AFD5A519B18F8AB0627A0041CFF28" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad154</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A3DC21F6C38F3AD32BA5D2B11D280AE4" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B6A7902CA33D3C2A07436D37A7A872E0" type="Zenodo-Dep">14541981</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="2AE3652E191CFFA0FF1CFB649698FB42" box="[214,692,1250,1277]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
@ -101,16 +101,16 @@
<paragraph id="624636A5191CFFA0FF68FAA694C5FA63" blockId="18.[129,778,1312,1501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FF68FAA696C4FA84" bold="true" box="[162,744,1312,1339]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FF66FAA794D4FA85" box="[172,248,1313,1339]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="23.[114,179,890,914]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,146,859]" captionTargetId="figure-408@23.[114,1458,144,862]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 19.Anteclevelandella constricta in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (DG). From PAA (A)* STH population 1 (B) from STH population 2 (C)* from ASS (D)* from STH population 1 (E)* and from SRU (F* G). A* left lateral view (optical section) showing two large contractile vacuole collecting vesicles (white arrowheads)* adoral membranelles (black arrow) and left part of the karyophore (black arrowhead). B* ventral; view (optical section) showing contractile vacuole on the small left protuberance (white arrowhead). C* ventral view (optical section) showing shape variation with more narrowly tapered anterior end (white arrowheads)* the micronucleus (white arrow)* and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). D* right lateral view showing kinetofragments in suture between ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) somatic kineties* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* paroral membrane (black arrow)* and looping kineties on the peristomial projection (white arrow). E* ventral view (optical section) showing the transverse orientation of the macronucleus with right and left parts of the karyophore (black arrows) ans slightly pronounced left lobe (white arrow). F* ventral view showing position of the cytostome (white asterisk)* paroral membrane (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). G [same cell as (F)]* detail view of the long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane.Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AF)* 10 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542036/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FF66FAA794D4FA85" box="[172,248,1313,1339]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="23.[114,179,890,914]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,146,859]" captionTargetId="figure-408@23.[114,1458,144,862]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 19.Anteclevelandella constricta in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (DG). From PAA (A), STH population 1 (B) from STH population 2 (C), from ASS (D), from STH population 1 (E), and from SRU (F, G). A, left lateral view (optical section) showing two large contractile vacuole collecting vesicles (white arrowheads), adoral membranelles (black arrow) and left part of the karyophore (black arrowhead). B, ventral; view (optical section) showing contractile vacuole on the small left protuberance (white arrowhead). C, ventral view (optical section) showing shape variation with more narrowly tapered anterior end (white arrowheads), the micronucleus (white arrow), and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). D, right lateral view showing kinetofragments in suture between ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) somatic kineties, micronucleus (white arrowhead), paroral membrane (black arrow), and looping kineties on the peristomial projection (white arrow). E, ventral view (optical section) showing the transverse orientation of the macronucleus with right and left parts of the karyophore (black arrows) ans slightly pronounced left lobe (white arrow). F, ventral view showing position of the cytostome (white asterisk), paroral membrane (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). G [same cell as (F)], detail view of the long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane.Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AF), 10 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542036/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FECBFAA79531FA85" box="[257,285,1313,1339]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="24.[129,195,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-75@24.[129,1473,144,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 20. Anteclevelandella constricta in the scanning electron microscope. From PAA. A* ventral view showing cilia of the adoral membranelles protruding from the peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* the unciliated posterior body part (black asterisk)* and cilia protruding from cytoproct on the left lateral protuberance (black arrowhead). B* dorsal view showing the right kinetal suture (black arrowhead) between the dorsal kineties (black asterisk) and ventral kineties (white asterisk) right suture* and sutural kinetofragments (black arrow). C* left ventrolateral view showing position of cytoproct on left posterior protuberance (black arrowhead) and the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (black arrow). D* left lateral view showing the location of the cytoproct (white arrowhead)* short left kinetal suture (white arrow)* and adoral membranells (black arrowhead). E* detail of same cell as (B) showing short transverse kinetofragments in anterior part of right suture (white arrows) between dorsal (black asterisk) and ventral (white asterisk) kineties. F* showing the leftward-spiralling ventral kineties which lack normal cilia (white arrows) and a cilium protruding from the cytoproct (black arrow). Scale bars: 20 µm (AD)* 5 µm (EG)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542038/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FECBFAA79531FA85" box="[257,285,1313,1339]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="24.[129,195,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-75@24.[129,1473,144,1554]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 20. Anteclevelandella constricta in the scanning electron microscope. From PAA. A, ventral view showing cilia of the adoral membranelles protruding from the peristomial overture (white arrowhead), the unciliated posterior body part (black asterisk), and cilia protruding from cytoproct on the left lateral protuberance (black arrowhead). B, dorsal view showing the right kinetal suture (black arrowhead) between the dorsal kineties (black asterisk) and ventral kineties (white asterisk) right suture, and sutural kinetofragments (black arrow). C, left ventrolateral view showing position of cytoproct on left posterior protuberance (black arrowhead) and the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (black arrow). D, left lateral view showing the location of the cytoproct (white arrowhead), short left kinetal suture (white arrow), and adoral membranells (black arrowhead). E, detail of same cell as (B) showing short transverse kinetofragments in anterior part of right suture (white arrows) between dorsal (black asterisk) and ventral (white asterisk) kineties. F, showing the leftward-spiralling ventral kineties which lack normal cilia (white arrows) and a cilium protruding from the cytoproct (black arrow). Scale bars: 20 µm (AD), 5 µm (EG)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542038/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">20</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Tables S15S21)
</emphasis>
Six populations (ASS* PAA* PRG* SRU* STH #1* and STH #2) were morphologically characterized by both
Six populations (ASS, PAA, PRG, SRU, STH #1, and STH #2) were morphologically characterized by both
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FDA8FAE1968BFAC0" box="[610,679,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">in vivo</emphasis>
observations and protargol preparations* and one population (PAC) was characterized
observations and protargol preparations, and one population (PAC) was characterized
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FEC5FA209563FA03" box="[271,335,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">in vivo</emphasis>
only. When present* the ciliate was usually abundant.
only. When present, the ciliate was usually abundant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191CFFA0FF4BFA799558F8D1" blockId="18.[129,778,1534,1965]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FF4BFA799631F9A8" box="[129,541,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description based on the above populations:</emphasis>
@ -118,26 +118,26 @@ Medium- to large-sized
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191CFFA0FF4BF99B9507F98B" box="[129,299,1565,1589]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Clevelandellidae</taxonomicName>
(on average 128 × 38 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FDA5F9989696F98B" box="[623,698,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">in vivo</emphasis>
* range 78192 × 2167 µm; on average 117 × 33 µm in protargol preparations* range 94142 × 2047 µm). Shape elongated* cylindrical* transverse constriction at level of macronucleus* anterior cell end broadly tapered* posterior end transversely truncate with short peristomial overture* peristomial projection indistinct since gradually merges with body proper. Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal* long axis oriented transversely* karyophore at right and left ends of macronucleus. Aggregation of cytoplasmic platelets between macronucleus and anterior end of cell (possibly amylopectin).
, range 78192 × 2167 µm; on average 117 × 33 µm in protargol preparations, range 94142 × 2047 µm). Shape elongated, cylindrical, transverse constriction at level of macronucleus, anterior cell end broadly tapered, posterior end transversely truncate with short peristomial overture, peristomial projection indistinct since gradually merges with body proper. Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal, long axis oriented transversely, karyophore at right and left ends of macronucleus. Aggregation of cytoplasmic platelets between macronucleus and anterior end of cell (possibly amylopectin).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191CFFA0FF56F8F097A7FB7D" blockId="18.[129,778,1534,1965]" lastBlockId="18.[824,1474,1132,1313]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 44% of cell length. About 15 ciliated free transverse kinetofragments* comprising five basal bodies each* occupy right suture in anterior half of cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FC79FB0D9027FB1D" box="[947,1035,1163,1187]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-6@22.[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 18. Clevelandella þyntai sp.nov.in the scanning electron microscope.From SRU. (A* B) slender morphotype* (CF) broad morphotype. A* dorsal view showing cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead)* anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* circumperistomial kineties (white arrow)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk). B* dorsal view showing the left protuberance (black arrowhead)* metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk)* the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (white arrowhead)* and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow).C* ventral view of showing characteristic lateral twisting of left protuberance also seen in vivo (black arrowhead* compare Fig.17E)* the cytoproct (white arrowhead) and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). D* dorsal view showing straight course of the dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead)* the left protuberance (white asterisk)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead)* and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (white asterisk). F* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead)* cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead)* and area of somatic cilia matted during preparation (black asterisk). Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542032/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 44% of cell length. About 15 ciliated free transverse kinetofragments, comprising five basal bodies each, occupy right suture in anterior half of cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FC79FB0D9027FB1D" box="[947,1035,1163,1187]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-6@22.[129,1473,143,1657]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 18. Clevelandella fryntai sp.nov.in the scanning electron microscope.From SRU. (A, B) slender morphotype, (CF) broad morphotype. A, dorsal view showing cytoproct on left protuberance (black arrowhead), anterior margin of peristomial overture (white arrowhead), circumperistomial kineties (white arrow), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk). B, dorsal view showing the left protuberance (black arrowhead), metachronal ciliary waves (asterisk), the anterior margin of the peristomial overture (white arrowhead), and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow).C, ventral view of showing characteristic lateral twisting of left protuberance also seen in vivo (black arrowhead, compare Fig.17E), the cytoproct (white arrowhead) and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). D, dorsal view showing straight course of the dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead), the left protuberance (white asterisk), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead), and cilia of the adoral membranelles (black arrow). E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (white asterisk). F, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (white arrowhead), cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrowhead), and area of somatic cilia matted during preparation (black asterisk). Scale bars:20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542032/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191CFFA0FC9FFB4C9008FA9F" blockId="18.[824,1474,1132,1313]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oral ciliature as for the family. Adoral zone extends about 48% of cell length* composed of about 47 membranelles on average (range 3656).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191CFFA0FC9FFB4C9008FA9F" blockId="18.[824,1474,1132,1313]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oral ciliature as for the family. Adoral zone extends about 48% of cell length, composed of about 47 membranelles on average (range 3656).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E191CFFA0FCF3FAC49046F96C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="624636A5191CFFA0FCF3FAC49046F96C" blockId="18.[825,1476,1346,1746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FCF3FAC497BBFAE4" box="[825,919,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks:</emphasis>
Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information* Tables S15S21)* our populations are slightly larger than
Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information, Tables S15S21), our populations are slightly larger than
<bibRefCitation id="06684B54191CFFA0FC67FA07907EFA27" author="Kidder GW" box="[941,1106,1409,1433]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="163 - 205" refId="ref35089" refString="Kidder GW. Ne intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 1937; 29: 163 - 205." type="journal article" year="1937">Kidders (1937)</bibRefCitation>
isolates* very closely match those of
isolates, very closely match those of
<bibRefCitation id="06684B54191CFFA0FCF0FA2697FAFA06" author="Albaret J-L" box="[826,982,1440,1464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 114" refId="ref33418" refString="Albaret J-L. Etude systematique et cytologique sur les cilies heterotriches endocommensaux. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Nouvelle Serie) 1975; 89: 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="1975">Albaret (1975)</bibRefCitation>
* and are similar to measurements published by
, and are similar to measurements published by
<bibRefCitation id="06684B54191CFFA0FCF6FA3997C2FA69" author="Yamasaki M" box="[828,1006,1471,1495]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref36953" refString="Yamasaki M. On some new ciliates living in the hind-gut of the roach Panesthia angustipennis Illiger. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 1939; 18: 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1939">Yamasaki (1939)</bibRefCitation>
and Pecina and Vďačný (2020b). Individual populations are very similar except for the number of adoral membranelles* which ranges from mean 39 (PAA) to mean 52 (STH population 1). Pecina and Vďačný (2020b) found similar variability in adoral membranelle number in their Thai population. The only visible shape variation can be seen in STH population 2* which lacks the typical constriction and has a slender* more acutely pointed anterior end* differing somewhat from the typical phenotype (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FBC9F93C9075F96C" box="[1027,1113,1722,1746]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="23.[114,179,890,914]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,146,859]" captionTargetId="figure-408@23.[114,1458,144,862]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 19.Anteclevelandella constricta in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (DG). From PAA (A)* STH population 1 (B) from STH population 2 (C)* from ASS (D)* from STH population 1 (E)* and from SRU (F* G). A* left lateral view (optical section) showing two large contractile vacuole collecting vesicles (white arrowheads)* adoral membranelles (black arrow) and left part of the karyophore (black arrowhead). B* ventral; view (optical section) showing contractile vacuole on the small left protuberance (white arrowhead). C* ventral view (optical section) showing shape variation with more narrowly tapered anterior end (white arrowheads)* the micronucleus (white arrow)* and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). D* right lateral view showing kinetofragments in suture between ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) somatic kineties* micronucleus (white arrowhead)* paroral membrane (black arrow)* and looping kineties on the peristomial projection (white arrow). E* ventral view (optical section) showing the transverse orientation of the macronucleus with right and left parts of the karyophore (black arrows) ans slightly pronounced left lobe (white arrow). F* ventral view showing position of the cytostome (white asterisk)* paroral membrane (white arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). G [same cell as (F)]* detail view of the long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane.Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AF)* 10 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542036/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
and Pecina and Vďačný (2020b). Individual populations are very similar except for the number of adoral membranelles, which ranges from mean 39 (PAA) to mean 52 (STH population 1). Pecina and Vďačný (2020b) found similar variability in adoral membranelle number in their Thai population. The only visible shape variation can be seen in STH population 2, which lacks the typical constriction and has a slender, more acutely pointed anterior end, differing somewhat from the typical phenotype (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FBC9F93C9075F96C" box="[1027,1113,1722,1746]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="23.[114,179,890,914]" captionTargetBox="[115,1457,146,859]" captionTargetId="figure-408@23.[114,1458,144,862]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 19.Anteclevelandella constricta in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (DG). From PAA (A), STH population 1 (B) from STH population 2 (C), from ASS (D), from STH population 1 (E), and from SRU (F, G). A, left lateral view (optical section) showing two large contractile vacuole collecting vesicles (white arrowheads), adoral membranelles (black arrow) and left part of the karyophore (black arrowhead). B, ventral; view (optical section) showing contractile vacuole on the small left protuberance (white arrowhead). C, ventral view (optical section) showing shape variation with more narrowly tapered anterior end (white arrowheads), the micronucleus (white arrow), and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). D, right lateral view showing kinetofragments in suture between ventral (white asterisk) and dorsal (black asterisk) somatic kineties, micronucleus (white arrowhead), paroral membrane (black arrow), and looping kineties on the peristomial projection (white arrow). E, ventral view (optical section) showing the transverse orientation of the macronucleus with right and left parts of the karyophore (black arrows) ans slightly pronounced left lobe (white arrow). F, ventral view showing position of the cytostome (white asterisk), paroral membrane (white arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead). G [same cell as (F)], detail view of the long (white arrowhead) and short (black arrowhead) files of the paroral membrane.Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm (AF), 10 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542036/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
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@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
<paragraph id="624636A5191CFFA0FCABF8B691B7F8F4" blockId="18.[865,1435,1840,1866]" box="[865,1435,1840,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FCABF8B691B7F8F4" bold="true" box="[865,1435,1840,1866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FCA1F8B6903CF8F4" box="[875,1040,1840,1866]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 21DF, J, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191CFFA0FCA1F8B6903CF8F4" box="[875,1040,1840,1866]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 21DF, J, K</figureCitation>
; Supporting Information, Table S22)
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@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191CFFA0FCF3F8D19052F8D0" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[825,1150,1879,1903]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191CFFA0FCF3F8D19052F8D0" box="[825,1150,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis</emphasis>
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was detected and morphologically characterized in a single host population (PAC)* never in high abundance.
was detected and morphologically characterized in a single host population (PAC), never in high abundance.
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@ -119,39 +119,41 @@ was detected and morphologically characterized in a single host population (PAC)
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FE0EFBD595D3FBD4" box="[452,511,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">in vivo</emphasis>
(A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow). CE* the same cell in dorsal view:
(A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow). CE, the same cell in dorsal view:
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<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FFBBFB2191A6FB49" blockId="19.[113,1422,1106,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C* showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk)* cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D* showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E* optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F* detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G* detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FFBBFB7D9502FAF5" blockId="19.[113,1422,1106,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H* detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads)* a feature unique to this species. Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG)* 5 µm (H* I).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FFBBFB2191A6FB49" blockId="19.[113,1422,1106,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C, showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk), cytoproct (black arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D, showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E, optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F, detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G, detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FFBBFB7D9502FAF5" blockId="19.[113,1422,1106,1355]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H, detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads), a feature unique to this species. Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG), 5 µm (H, I).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FFBBFAFD9131F991" blockId="19.[113,763,1403,1991]" lastBlockId="19.[809,1462,1403,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FFBBFAFD96D7F879" blockId="19.[113,763,1403,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FFBBFAFD9664FA2D" box="[113,584,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description based on PAC population:</emphasis>
Medium-sized Clevelelandellidae (on average 82 × 33 µm
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FDABFA1D9680FA0C" box="[609,684,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">in vivo</emphasis>
* range 67100 × 2742 µm; on average 65 × 25 µm in protargol preparations* range 4783 × 2031 µm). Slender spade-shaped (L/W about 2.6) with long posterior peristomial projection (about 31% of cell length). Anterior right and left margins of body proper straight or concave. Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FF73F9D09526F9D0" box="[185,266,1622,1646]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21J</figureCitation>
* K) to broadly teardrop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FDBBF9D096E0F9D0" box="[625,716,1622,1646]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
* F)* obliquely oriented to right of midline* prominent numerous globular nucleoli
, range 67100 × 2742 µm; on average 65 × 25 µm in protargol preparations, range 4783 × 2031 µm). Slender spade-shaped (L/W about 2.6) with long posterior peristomial projection (about 31% of cell length). Anterior right and left margins of body proper straight or concave. Macronucleus broadly ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FF73F9D09526F9D0" box="[185,266,1622,1646]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21J</figureCitation>
, K) to broadly teardrop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FDBBF9D096E0F9D0" box="[625,716,1622,1646]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
, F), obliquely oriented to right of midline, prominent numerous globular nucleoli
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FEECF913954AF912" box="[294,358,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">in vivo</emphasis>
. Karyophore extremely inconspicuous* attached to posterior of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FDCBF932967BF972" box="[513,599,1716,1740]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
. Karyophore extremely inconspicuous, attached to posterior of macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FDCBF932967BF972" box="[513,599,1716,1740]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
). Micronucleus ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FF27F955956FF955" box="[237,323,1747,1771]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
* K)* relatively large* about 5.5 µm across. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 64% of cell length. Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated. Free right sutural kinetofragments not identified* presence of inconspicuous kinetofragments not completely excluded due to suboptimally oriented cells in protargol preparations. Adoral zone extends about 47% of cell length on average* composed of an average of 23 membranelles (range 2025). POM unstudied.
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FF27F955956FF955" box="[237,323,1747,1771]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
, K), relatively large, about 5.5 µm across. Somatic cilia limited to approximately anterior 64% of cell length. Circumperistomial kineties only sparsely ciliated. Free right sutural kinetofragments not identified, presence of inconspicuous kinetofragments not completely excluded due to suboptimally oriented cells in protargol preparations. Adoral zone extends about 47% of cell length on average, composed of an average of 23 membranelles (range 2025). POM unstudied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FCE0FAFD9131F991" blockId="19.[809,1462,1403,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FCE0FAFD97A4FA2D" box="[810,904,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks:</emphasis>
Overall morphology corresponds with original description and drawing by
<bibRefCitation id="06684B54191DFFA1FBE7FA1C90E8FA0C" author="Kidder GW" box="[1069,1220,1434,1458]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="163 - 205" refId="ref35089" refString="Kidder GW. Ne intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 1937; 29: 163 - 205." type="journal article" year="1937">Kidder (1937)</bibRefCitation>
except (i) the ciliature: while
<bibRefCitation id="06684B54191DFFA1FCA0FA3F902FFA6F" author="Kidder GW" box="[874,1027,1465,1489]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="163 - 205" refId="ref35089" refString="Kidder GW. Ne intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 1937; 29: 163 - 205." type="journal article" year="1937">Kidder (1937)</bibRefCitation>
depicts the cell as fully ciliated* we show that only the anterior two-thirds of the cell are ciliated and (ii) the macronuclear shape varies from broadly ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FA47FA7E9779F991" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
depicts the cell as fully ciliated, we show that only the anterior two-thirds of the cell are ciliated and (ii) the macronuclear shape varies from broadly ellipsoidal (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FA47FA7E9779F991" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21K</figureCitation>
) to broadly teardrop-shaped (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FB41F99190CEF991" box="[1163,1250,1559,1583]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
* F* J).
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FB41F99190CEF991" box="[1163,1250,1559,1583]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
, F, J).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FC8FF9B19075F933" blockId="19.[809,1462,1403,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information* Table S22)* our population is slightly shorter than that of
Regarding measured characteristics (Supporting Information, Table S22), our population is slightly shorter than that of
<bibRefCitation id="06684B54191DFFA1FAA1F9D09758F933" author="Kidder GW" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="163 - 205" refId="ref35089" refString="Kidder GW. Ne intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia. Parasitology 1937; 29: 163 - 205." type="journal article" year="1937">Kidder (1937)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="06684B54191DFFA1FC6FF9F3907FF933" author="Yamasaki M" box="[933,1107,1653,1677]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref36953" refString="Yamasaki M. On some new ciliates living in the hind-gut of the roach Panesthia angustipennis Illiger. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 1939; 18: 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1939">Yamasaki (1939)</bibRefCitation>
@ -159,14 +161,14 @@ and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A5191DFFA1FC8FF9139781F879" blockId="19.[809,1462,1403,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
A notch sometimes forms at the base of peristomial projection (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FCA3F9329793F972" box="[873,959,1716,1740]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
* J)—rarely
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FCA3F9329793F972" box="[873,959,1716,1740]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
, J)—rarely
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FB8BF93390A9F972" box="[1089,1157,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">in vivo</emphasis>
but frequently in protargol-stained cells* creating a
but frequently in protargol-stained cells, creating a
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191DFFA1FBE4F95290BBF955" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1070,1175,1747,1771]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hastula">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FBE4F95290BBF955" box="[1070,1175,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. hastula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like appearance. However*
-like appearance. However,
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191DFFA1FCE0F9759795F8B4" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[810,953,1779,1802]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FCE0F9759795F8B4" box="[810,953,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
@ -174,15 +176,15 @@ can be mostly distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191DFFA1FAEFF97591A7F8B5" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1317,1419,1779,1803]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hastula">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7191DFFA1FAEFF97591A7F8B5" box="[1317,1419,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. hastula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by: length (approx. 65 µm vs. 85 µm)* length/width ratio (approx. 2.6 vs. 3.4)* number of adoral membranelles (approx. 23 vs. 26)* and characteristic curvature of the most posterior third of peristomial opening in larger cells of
by: length (approx. 65 µm vs. 85 µm), length/width ratio (approx. 2.6 vs. 3.4), number of adoral membranelles (approx. 23 vs. 26), and characteristic curvature of the most posterior third of peristomial opening in larger cells of
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26191DFFA1FB6AF8F690C4F836" baseAuthorityName="Kidder" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1184,1256,1904,1928]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Rhynchoclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hastula">
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(
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* M). Very small cells of both species (e.g.
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FBA2F8099093F819" box="[1128,1215,1935,1959]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC* GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF* J* K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF* LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK* PT). A* ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B* ventral view.C* ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D* ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E* same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
* N) can be rather indistinguishable.
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FB32F8F69160F836" box="[1272,1356,1904,1928]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21L</figureCitation>
, M). Very small cells of both species (e.g.
<figureCitation id="FAC22A20191DFFA1FBA2F8099093F819" box="[1128,1215,1935,1959]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[130,1443,147,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-6@25.[127,1446,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. Rhyncholevelandella sp.2 (AC, GI) from ASS. Rhynchoclevelandella nipponensis (DF, J, K) from PAC.Rhynchoclevelandella hastula (LT) from PGW. In vivo (AF, LO) and after protargol impregnation (GK, PT). A, ventral view (optical section) showing margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and adoral membranelles (black arrow). B, ventral view.C, ventral view showing cilia of circumperistomial kineties (white arrowhead). D, ventral view showing anterior margin of peristomial overture (black arrowhead). E, same cell showing ventral kineties (asterisk).F, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), the relatively large micronucleus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542042/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
, N) can be rather indistinguishable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>

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@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71920FF9CFC68FBD89098FBC6" bold="true" box="[930,1204,1118,1145]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Anteclevelandella constricta</emphasis>
(
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Yamasaki,1939;
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Pecina and Vďačný
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<mods:date id="0558B3933D2407592FFF16F67D6B3E4D">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EA5087B31920FF9DFC1CF932962FFE4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14542090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA5087B31920FF9DFC1CF932962FFE4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA5087B31920FF9DFC1CF932962FFE4E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1920FF9CFC1CF9329109F970" box="[982,1317,1716,1743]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
@ -108,17 +108,17 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1920FF9CFCF3F8C19199F865" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="624636A51920FF9CFCF3F8C19199F865" blockId="46.[824,1474,1862,2011]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71920FF9CFCF3F8C197B3F8E0" box="[825,927,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Spade-shaped* dorsoventrally flattened
Spade-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261920FF9CFA8AF8C091EEF8E0" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1938" box="[1344,1474,1862,1886]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71920FF9CFA8AF8C091EEF8E0" box="[1344,1474,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with average length in protargol preparations 55 µm* mean 23 adoral membranelles* posterior protrusion of left lobe of anterior body part overhanging no more than one-fifth of peristomial projection* and with teardrop-shaped or ellipsoidal macronucleus.
with average length in protargol preparations 55 µm, mean 23 adoral membranelles, posterior protrusion of left lobe of anterior body part overhanging no more than one-fifth of peristomial projection, and with teardrop-shaped or ellipsoidal macronucleus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1921FF9DFFBBFF16959BFF79" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="624636A51921FF9DFFBBFF16959BFF79" blockId="47.[113,762,144,199]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFFBBFF1694CDFF16" box="[113,225,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named in honour of Mr Ananias Kamam* our collaborator from
Named in honour of Mr Ananias Kamam, our collaborator from
<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351921FF9DFF26FF369598FF79" box="[236,436,175,199]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
@ -128,11 +128,11 @@ Named in honour of Mr Ananias Kamam* our collaborator from
<materialsCitation id="D2913CF81921FF9DFFBBFF6F96C3FEBE" box="[113,751,232,257]" country="Papua New Guinea" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-5.228" location="Wanang" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="145.08" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFFBBFF6F94D8FEBF" box="[113,244,233,257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351921FF9DFF33FF6F9595FEBF" box="[249,441,233,257]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
*
,
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3*
3,
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*
,
<geoCoordinate id="07CD50621921FF9DFD40FF6E96C3FEBE" box="[650,751,232,256]" degrees="145.080" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="55" value="145.08">E145.080</geoCoordinate>
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.
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Named in honour of Mr Ananias Kamam* our collaborator from
host:
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261921FF9DFF23FEA49677FE84" baseAuthorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[233,603,290,314]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Ancaudellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="serratissima" subSpecies="serratissima">Ancaudellia serratissima serratissima</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Brunner von Wattenwyl* 1865).
(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="624636A51921FF9DFFBBFEFD962FFE4E" blockId="47.[113,763,379,497]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFFBBFEFD952DFE2D" box="[113,257,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type material:</emphasis>
@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ host:
A protargol-impregnated
<typeStatus id="BD4288071921FF9DFDDBFEFD9641FE2D" box="[529,621,379,403]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFD62FEFD96D8FE2D" box="[680,756,379,403]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[115,180,715,739]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,145,685]" captionTargetId="figure-660@9.[115,1462,144,687]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. from ASS. In vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CG). A* ventral view showing karyophore (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (asterisk)* posterior extent of somatic cilia (black arrowhead)* and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B* ventral view showing a more slender macronucleus* karyophore (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (asterisk)* and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead).C* ventral view showing excretory (black arrow). D* ventral infraciliature.E* dorsal infraciliature of same cell as (D). F* detail view of peristomial projection showing the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrowheads).G* detail view showing position of micronucleus (white arrow). Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AC)* 10 µm (DF)* 5 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541993/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
* E) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic* Prague* Czech Republic* inventory number
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFD62FEFD96D8FE2D" box="[680,756,379,403]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[115,180,715,739]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,145,685]" captionTargetId="figure-660@9.[115,1462,144,687]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Clevelandella ananiasi sp. nov. from ASS. In vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CG). A, ventral view showing karyophore (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (asterisk), posterior extent of somatic cilia (black arrowhead), and cilia of circumperistomial kineties (black arrow). B, ventral view showing a more slender macronucleus, karyophore (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (asterisk), and adoral membranelles (black arrowhead).C, ventral view showing excretory (black arrow). D, ventral infraciliature.E, dorsal infraciliature of same cell as (D). F, detail view of peristomial projection showing the peristomial overture (black arrowhead) and cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (white arrowheads).G, detail view showing position of micronucleus (white arrow). Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AC), 10 µm (DF), 5 µm (G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541993/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
, E) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number
<specimenCode id="325F9EDE1921FF9DFE52FE5F95D2FE4E" box="[408,510,472,497]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P6E 5431</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.

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@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Dorsoventrally flattened
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261921FF9DFB68F9879108F9A7" authorityName="Fyntai" authorityYear="2024" box="[1186,1316,1537,1561]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFB68F9879108F9A7" box="[1186,1316,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with average length in protargol preparations 142 µm* mean 52 adoral membranelles* broad* inverted teardrop-shaped macronucleus* and entirely diplostichomonad POM.
with average length in protargol preparations 142 µm, mean 52 adoral membranelles, broad, inverted teardrop-shaped macronucleus, and entirely diplostichomonad POM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1921FF9DFCE0F91F914EF96E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ with average length in protargol preparations 142 µm* mean 52 adoral membranell
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0F91F97B5F90F" box="[810,921,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named in honour of exceptional terrain entomologist and leader of
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expedition* Dr Petr Sidi Stiblík.
expedition, Dr Petr Sidi Stiblík.
</paragraph>
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@ -128,11 +128,11 @@ expedition* Dr Petr Sidi Stiblík.
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0F977978BF8B7" box="[810,935,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Typelocality:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351921FF9DFC63F9779023F8B7" box="[937,1039,1777,1801]" name="Cambodia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
*
,
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*
,
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*
,
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.
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ host:
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFC5EF8A5906FF885" box="[916,1091,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Salganea rugulata</emphasis>
Saussure
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* 1895.
, 1895.
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0F8DB979BF8CB" box="[810,951,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type material:</emphasis>
@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ Saussure
A protargol-impregnated
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cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFA98F8DB9184F8CA" box="[1362,1448,1884,1909]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE* the same cell in dorsal view: C* showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk)* cytoproct (black arrowhead)* and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D* showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E* optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F* detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G* detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads)* a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG)* 5 µm (H* I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic* Prague* Czech Republic* inventory number
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFA98F8DB9184F8CA" box="[1362,1448,1884,1909]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[113,1458,145,1078]" captionTargetId="figure-377@19.[112,1459,144,1079]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 15. Clevelandella sidi sp.nov.in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CH). From SRU (AH). A, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead) and cilia of adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing contractile vacuole (white arrowhead), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and elevated margin of the cytoproct (white arrow).CE, the same cell in dorsal view: C, showing somatic infraciliature (asterisk), cytoproct (black arrowhead), and adoral membranelles (white arrow); D, showing cytoproct (black arrowhead) and dorsal kineties (white arrowhead); E, optical section showing excretory antrum within the left protuberance (black arrowheads). F, detail of the macronucleus showing the karyophore (white arrow). G, detail showing the micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, detail of the paroral membrane showing both files of equal length and extending nearly to the posterior end of the peristomial projection (white arrowheads), a feature unique to this species.Asterisk marks the anterior end. Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars:20 µm (AD) 10 µm (EG), 5 µm (H, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542024/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number
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View file

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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0FCC797B8FCE6" box="[810,916,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Spade-shaped* dorsoventrally flattened
Spade-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened
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with average length in protargol preparations 69 µm* mean 31 adoral membranelles* posterior protrusion of left lobe of anterior body part overhanging up to one-third of peristomial projection* and with teardrop-shaped or ellipsoidal macronucleus.
with average length in protargol preparations 69 µm, mean 31 adoral membranelles, posterior protrusion of left lobe of anterior body part overhanging up to one-third of peristomial projection, and with teardrop-shaped or ellipsoidal macronucleus.
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0FB9197B5FB91" box="[810,921,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named in honour of Mr Philip Komong* our collaborator from
Named in honour of Mr Philip Komong, our collaborator from
<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351921FF9DFC6FFBB09040FBF0" box="[933,1132,1078,1102]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
@ -128,11 +128,11 @@ Named in honour of Mr Philip Komong* our collaborator from
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0FBF69780FB39" box="[810,940,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351921FF9DFC78FBF6905EFB39" box="[946,1138,1135,1159]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
*
,
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3*
3,
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*
,
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.
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ host:
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFC5EFB2F908DFB7F" box="[916,1185,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Salganea ternatensis hirsuta</emphasis>
Roth
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* 1979.
, 1979.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0FB659796FB44" box="[810,954,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type material:</emphasis>
@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ Roth
A protargol-impregnated
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cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFAABFB649181FB44" box="[1377,1453,1250,1274]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov.* in vivo (A* B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H* I). A* ventral view showing thick* hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads)* cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B* ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A* B). C* ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D* dorsal view showing infraciliature* ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow)* looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow)* and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E* ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F* dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk)* disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow)* and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G* dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H* dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk)* proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow)* and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I* detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma* macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
* D) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic* Prague* Czech Republic* inventory number
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFAABFB649181FB44" box="[1377,1453,1250,1274]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1298,1322]" captionTargetBox="[130,1475,145,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-206@12.[129,1476,144,1271]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Clevelandella philipi sp. nov., in vivo (A, B) and after protargol impregnation (CI). From STH (AG) and ASS (H, I). A, ventral view showing thick, hyaline cortical layer (between black arrowheads), cilia of the circumperistomial kineties (black arrow) and adoral membranelles (white arrow). B, ventral view showing posterior extent of somatic ciliation (white arrowheads).Note variability of macronuclear shape (A, B). C, ventral infraciliature with detail (inset) showing right sutural kinetofragments (white arrowheads). D, dorsal view showing infraciliature, ciliated circumperistomial kineties (black arrow), looping kineties of peristomial projection (white arrow), and cytoproct (black arrowhead).E, ventral view showing left-hand spiralling ventral somatic kineties (black asterisk) and right sutural kinetofragments (black arrowhead).F, dorsal view showing straight somatic kineties (white asterisk), disordered basal bodies on left protuberance (white arrow), and paroral membrane (black arrowhead). G, dorsal view showing micronucleus (white arrowhead). H, dorsal view showing straight dorsal somatic kineties (asterisk), proximal margin of the peristomial overture (white arrow), and looping kineties of peristomial projection (black arrowhead). I, detail view showing diplostichomonad paroral membrane composed of shorter right file (black arrowhead) and longer left file (white arrowhead) of basal bodies. Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars:20 µm (AH) 10 µm (I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14541999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14541999/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
, D) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number
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View file

@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
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@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFFBBFB749573FAB4" box="[113,351,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Dorsoventrally not flattened
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261921FF9DFD86FACD96E2FADD" authorityName="Fyntai" authorityYear="2024" box="[588,718,1355,1379]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFD86FACD96E2FADD" box="[588,718,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Clevelandella</emphasis>
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of cultriform shape* body proper curved in dorsal direction* with prominent left lobe and peristomial projection merging gradually with body proper. Average length in protargol preparations 127 µm in short form and 215 µm in long form.
of cultriform shape, body proper curved in dorsal direction, with prominent left lobe and peristomial projection merging gradually with body proper. Average length in protargol preparations 127 µm in short form and 215 µm in long form.
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@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ Named in honour of remarkable Czech cockroach enthusiast Mr Jiří Hromádka.
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFFBBF9C794D8F9E6" box="[113,244,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351921FF9DFF33F9C69595F9E6" box="[249,441,1600,1624]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
*
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3*
3,
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*
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@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Named in honour of remarkable Czech cockroach enthusiast Mr Jiří Hromádka.
host:
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261921FF9DFF23F9FF9677F92F" baseAuthorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[233,603,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Ancaudellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="serratissima" subSpecies="serratissima">Ancaudellia serratissima serratissima</taxonomicName>
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(Brunner von Wattenwyl* 1865).
(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865).
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFFBBF955952CF954" box="[113,256,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type material:</emphasis>
@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ host:
A protargol-impregnated
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cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFD69F95496C3F954" box="[675,751,1746,1770]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[147,1456,144,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-5@14.[145,1457,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Clevelandella hromadkai sp. nov. short morph: from life (AC* FH) and after protargol impregnation (D* E* I). From ASS.A* left ventrolateral view showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and the posterior extent of ciliation on the right (black arrowhead) and left (white arrow head) margins. B* ventral view* (optical section) showing the cytostome (white arrowhead)* contractile vacuole (black arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead).C* left lateral view showing collecting vesicles of the contractile vacuole (white arrowheads)* the micronucleus (white arrow) and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead).D*" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542003/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic* Prague* Czech Republic* inventory number
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFD69F95496C3F954" box="[675,751,1746,1770]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[147,1456,144,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-5@14.[145,1457,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Clevelandella hromadkai sp. nov. short morph: from life (AC, FH) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, I). From ASS.A, left ventrolateral view showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrow), and the posterior extent of ciliation on the right (black arrowhead) and left (white arrow head) margins. B, ventral view, (optical section) showing the cytostome (white arrowhead), contractile vacuole (black arrow) and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead).C, left lateral view showing collecting vesicles of the contractile vacuole (white arrowheads), the micronucleus (white arrow) and the margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead).D," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542003/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) marked in a black circle on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number
<specimenCode id="325F9EDE1921FF9DFE52F8B695D3F8F6" box="[408,511,1840,1864]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P6E 5364</specimenCode>
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.

View file

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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Dorsoventrally flattened
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261921FF9DFB68FF169108FF16" authorityName="Fyntai" authorityYear="2024" box="[1186,1316,144,168]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFB68FF169108FF16" box="[1186,1316,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Clevelandella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
* broadly lanceolate* peristomial projection inconspicuous* peristomial opening broad. Macronucleus sausage-shaped. Average length in protargol preparations 170 µm.
, broadly lanceolate, peristomial projection inconspicuous, peristomial opening broad. Macronucleus sausage-shaped. Average length in protargol preparations 170 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AE3652E1921FF9DFCE0FEA19020FEC0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ The species epithet is from
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D261921FF9DFB1FFEA19133FE81" authorityName="Kotyk &amp; Bourland &amp; Soviš &amp; Méndez-Sánchez &amp; Škaloud &amp; Varadínová &amp; Čepička" authorityYear="2024" box="[1237,1311,295,319]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="klobasa">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFB1FFEA19133FE81" box="[1237,1311,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">klobása</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n.* feminine gender)* the Czech word for sausage* referring to the sausage-shaped macronucleus.
(n., feminine gender), the Czech word for sausage, referring to the sausage-shaped macronucleus.
</paragraph>
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@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ The species epithet is from
<materialsCitation id="D2913CF81921FF9DFCE0FE269182FE09" box="[810,1454,415,440]" country="Papua New Guinea" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="5.228" location="Wanang" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="145.08" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0FE269780FE09" box="[810,940,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type locality:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1AEE76351921FF9DFC78FE26905EFE09" box="[946,1138,415,439]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
*
,
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3*
3,
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*
,
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.
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ host:
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFC5EFE5F908DFE4F" box="[916,1185,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Salganea ternatensis hirsuta</emphasis>
Roth
</taxonomicName>
* 1979.
, 1979.
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFCE0FD95979BFD94" box="[810,951,530,554]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type material:</emphasis>
@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ Roth
A protargol-impregnated
<typeStatus id="BD4288071921FF9DFB77FD949135FD94" box="[1213,1305,530,554]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
cell (
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFA9BFD949184FD94" box="[1361,1448,530,554]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A* left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow)* and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B* left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads)* contractile vacuole (black arrowhead)* and micronucleus (white arrow).C* optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D* left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow)* adoral membranelles (black arrowhead)* and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma* macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
) marked by a black arrow on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic* Prague* Czech Republic* inventory number
<figureCitation id="FAC22A201921FF9DFA9BFD949184FD94" box="[1361,1448,530,554]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[114,1452,1006,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-74@17.[113,1457,1005,1739]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 13. Clevelandella klobasa sp. nov.in vivo (AC) and after protargol impregnation (D). From STH. A, left ventrolateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), cilia of adoral membranelles (black arrow), and margin of the peristomial overture (black arrowhead). B, left lateral view showing thick hyaline subcortical layer (white arrowheads), contractile vacuole (black arrowhead), and micronucleus (white arrow).C, optical section showing adoral membranelles (black arrow) and contractile vacuole (black arrowhead).D, left ventrolateral view (optical section) showing micronucleus (white arrow), adoral membranelles (black arrowhead), and paroral membrane (black arrow).Ma, macronucleus.Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542015/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
) marked by a black arrow on a slide deposited in the collection of the National Museum of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, inventory number
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.

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@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFFBBFD2C94FBFD7F" box="[113,215,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Spade-shaped* dorsoventrally flattened
Spade-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened
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with average length in protargol preparations 143 µm* mean 65 adoral membranelles* and with teardrop-shaped or lenticular macronucleus.
with average length in protargol preparations 143 µm, mean 65 adoral membranelles, and with teardrop-shaped or lenticular macronucleus.
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@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ Named in honour of eccentric zoologist and ethologist Prof. Daniel Frynta who pr
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* near
, near
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*
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*
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@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ host:
<emphasis id="508DEAB71921FF9DFF11FC7495A7FBB4" box="[219,395,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Salganea rugulata</emphasis>
Saussure
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* 1895.
, 1895.
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@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ Saussure
A protargol-impregnated
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Genus
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FE98FDF395DDFD2E" bold="true" box="[338,497,629,656]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paraclevelandia</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FF4BFD3094CBFD73" box="[129,231,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
As in
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.
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<typeStatus id="BD428807193EFF82FF4BFD76949DFCB9" box="[129,177,752,775]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26193EFF82FECBFD699633FCB9" authority="Kidder" authorityName="Kidder" authorityYear="1937" box="[257,543,751,775]" genus="Paraclevelandia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FECBFD6995FBFCB9" box="[257,471,751,775]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paraclevelandia brevis</emphasis>
Kidder
</taxonomicName>
, 1937.
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Pecina and Vďačný
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FF4BFE21956CFE00" box="[129,320,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C.biparapanesthiae</emphasis>
Pecina and Vďačný
</taxonomicName>
, 2022;
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26193EFF82FD8FFE219510FE60" authority="Pecina and Vdacny" authorityName="Pecina and Vdacny" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="triparapanesthiae">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FD8FFE219726FE00" box="[581,778,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C. triparapanesthiae</emphasis>
Pecina and Vďačný
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, 2022.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FF4BFC6694CBFC49" box="[129,231,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
As in Uttangi and Desai (1963).
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<typeStatus id="BD428807193EFF82FF4BFB9F949DFB8E" box="[129,177,1049,1072]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26193EFF82FECBFB9E969AFB8E" authority="Uuangi and Desai" authorityName="Uuangi and Desai" box="[257,694,1048,1072]" genus="Metaclevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="termitis">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FECBFB9E95D0FB8E" box="[257,508,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Metaclevelandella termitis</emphasis>
Uttangi and Desai
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, 1963.
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FF2DFF0995D2FF14" bold="true" box="[231,510,143,170]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Clevelandella panesthiae</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FF4BFF5794C6FF56" box="[129,234,209,232]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26193EFF82FF3DFF57961AFF56" authority="Yamasaki" authorityName="Yamasaki" box="[247,566,208,232]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Emmaninius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="papilloris">
<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FF3DFF5795F8FF56" box="[247,468,208,232]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Emmaninius papilloris</emphasis>
Yamasaki
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<emphasis id="508DEAB7193EFF82FD42FF5694F0FEB6" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Clevelandella papilloris</emphasis>
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(Yamasaki, 1939);
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<taxonomicName id="A5F94D26193EFF82FE0AFF76966EFEB6" authorityName="Fyntai" authorityYear="2024" box="[448,578,240,264]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Clevelandellidae" genus="Clevelandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">Clevelandella</taxonomicName>
nova
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Pecina and Vďačný, 2022.
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@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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Kidder
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