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<document id="E1B9B5939A9E17B0ADDB44C7D84C0BF9" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.001" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036416" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1730743597524" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manning, J. C. &amp; Helme, N. A." docDate="2014" docId="03E087F5824EFF80FF0FFD9CFDD68891" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.2014.91.84-87.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 91 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.001" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.2:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Frankenia fruticosa J. C. Manning &amp; Helme 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FFD9FF8D824FFF83FF9EFFDFFFEA8979" masterDocTitle="Frankenia fruticosa (Frankeniaceae), a new dwarf shrub from the Knersvlakte, Western Cape" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="84" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1730988171626" updateUser="guilherme">
<mods:mods id="1AD1BD7C064DB81186610CC48AE7E329" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AFBBAA78B868EFF8A27FC4B32207B98E">
<mods:title id="9E287C1ED2AD931EB6D62DB7574705FA">Frankenia fruticosa (Frankeniaceae), a new dwarf shrub from the Knersvlakte, Western Cape</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3BC6718D7D4D19054C7D47DC957D51D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="269DFFD73A9114D5753322A9104BDEBF">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9F7D6331A9E9B2CA38DAADC794009B07">Manning, J. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5DFDD80FDFFA9420F84782148AE8551B">Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 7, Claremont 7735, South Africa &amp; Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6648AF1DCEF70F7EF2006ED542970E32" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5CB3A5D8DF766281E1FD60A5EF715581">Helme, N. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="310F9F58C5BEDA41E9F0BF9FFA3EB1E2">P. O. Box 22652, Scarborough 7975, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D27A1924F0000C7FA4774DE24F0EC8C9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3586F22DAFFF2BCC836BF67BEE964E28">
<mods:title id="98E40B95316C865C42A94EFC5E6FF23F">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="651783AF5EB87782B3688EFB571A1330">
<mods:date id="C3358BD8DAADF7E486C2A41E25BB070F">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D863D0AE630E4C3DF691A1BBB95E98BF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D1AAD8FE22E28DC433AEDD3D62451A0A">2014-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D61762EE4E22322BCC7165D7F3B1CE53" type="volume">
<mods:number id="899A24D40A1EA90F9C0DF875EEA3F877">91</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="617F6EF4086B79CDF8C6B0C6C2FDBDA2">10</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5B390ACC06F2B4205D7870295BEAD85A">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.001</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="24725E2BFEF62468D257A6711731F9BA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="480E7A0786F579EF02B458501CA23AEA" type="DOI">10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DA6440BD8D6A24E7A0D22104FECDA092" type="ISSN">1727-9321</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="265602968D086CE060EADD321D654613" type="Zenodo-Dep">14036416</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E087F5824EFF80FF0FFD9CFDD68891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F5824EFF80FF0FFD9CFDD68891" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087F5824EFF80FF0FFD9CFDD68891" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection id="C3536568824EFF82FF0FFD9CFD988B2F" box="[145,626,579,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FF0FFD9CFD988B2F" blockId="1.[113,784,579,1603]" box="[145,626,579,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0BE818F824EFF82FF0FFD9CFD988B2F" box="[145,626,579,598]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FF0FFD9CFDCA8B2F" ID-CoL="6JKXC" authority="J.C.Manning &amp; Helme" authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; Helme" authorityYear="2014" box="[145,544,579,598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FF0FFD9CFEBB8B2F" bold="true" box="[145,337,579,598]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Frankenia fruticosa</emphasis>
J.C.Manning &amp; Helme
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E578A824EFF82FDB7FD9CFD988B2F" box="[553,626,579,598]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536568824EFF82FF0FFD80FD458BD3" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FF0FFD80FD458BD3" blockId="1.[113,784,579,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBE824EFF82FF0FFD80FDEC8BD3" collectingDate="2013-11-20" collectionCode="NBG" collectorName="N. A. Helme" country="South Africa" location="Moedverloren 208" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
Type:
<collectingCountry id="F35E7673824EFF82FF55FD80FEAB8B0B" box="[203,321,607,626]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498DF801824EFF82FED6FD80FE248B0B" box="[328,462,607,626]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC99824EFF82FE48FD80FDB48B0B" box="[470,606,607,626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Vanrhynsdorp</collectingMunicipality>
(3118):
<locationDeviation id="9A442FC1824EFF82FD2FFD80FF368BF7" location="Lutzville" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD2FFD80FD058B0B" box="[689,751,607,626]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
NE of Lutzville
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8E966038824EFF82FF7BFDA4FE7D8BF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F5824EFF80FF0FFD9CFDD68891:8E966038824EFF82FF7BFDA4FE7D8BF7" box="[229,407,635,654]" country="South Africa" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" name="Moedverloren 208" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Western Cape">
Moedverloren
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FEECFDA4FE398BF7" box="[370,467,635,654]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.083" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="208.3">
208,
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FE3FFDA4FE398BF7" box="[417,467,635,654]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
</quantity>
</location>
NW of old marble mine, (
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FD50FDA4FD088BF7" box="[718,738,635,654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">−</emphasis>
AD),
<date id="FFF71023824EFF82FFEFFD48FF1A8BD3" box="[113,240,663,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" value="2013-11-20">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9CB824EFF82FFEFFD48FF1A8BD3" box="[113,240,663,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" value="2013-11-20">20 Nov. 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FF67FD49FE7A8BD3" box="[249,400,662,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<collectorName id="26BC5335824EFF82FF67FD49FEB78BD3" box="[249,349,662,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">N.A. Helme</collectorName>
7796
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED58AE26824EFF82FE02FD48FE218BD3" box="[412,459,663,682]" collectionName="NBG" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
,
<typeStatus id="54F28841824EFF82FE4DFD48FDE88BD3" box="[467,514,663,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">holo</typeStatus>
.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBE824EFF82FD90FD48FD418BD3" box="[526,683,663,682]" collectingDate="2013-11-20" collectionCode="K, PRE, MO" collectorName="N. A. Helme" country="South Africa" location="Moedverloren" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE26824EFF82FD90FD48FDF78BD3" box="[526,541,663,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE26824EFF82FDB8FD48FDA68BD3" box="[550,588,663,682]" collectionName="PRE" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">PRE</collectionCode>
,
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,
<typeStatus id="54F28841824EFF82FD1FFD48FD4B8BD3" box="[641,673,663,682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">iso</typeStatus>
.)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536568824EFF82FF0FFD6CFCE58F3A" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FF0FFD6CFCE58F3A" blockId="1.[113,784,579,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
Rounded, multi-stemmed, densely leafy dwarf shrub to
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD13FD6DFD378BBF" box="[653,733,690,710]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="350.0">350 mm</quantity>
high, with numerous short, upright branchlets from thick, gnarled or twisted, woody base up to
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FEB8FD35FE868B87" box="[294,364,746,766]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
diam., ending in flowering dichasia, young branches reddish with dense white, curly pubescence, later glabrescent with grey bark; internodes as long as leaves, 1.5–3.0 mm long.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FD4CFCFEFCE58A4C" box="[722,783,801,821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite–decussate, ascending–incurved, subsessile, allantoid–ericoid, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1.0 mm, coarsely punctate, densely scabridulous, ventral surface with densely puberulent longitudinal groove, apex with a small warty apiculus, sheath a fringe of coarse hairs; bracts 2 or
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD13FC4DFD5B8ADC" box="[653,689,914,933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
a verticel, similar to leaves; bracteoles 1.0–
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FE02FC72FE0C8AB8" box="[412,486,941,961]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, with broad, flattened petiole partially adnate to sheath.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FE06FC17FE358AA5" box="[408,479,968,988]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Flowers</emphasis>
1–few in dichasia congested at branch tips, bisexual, unscented.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FE2AFC3BFE0C8A81" box="[436,486,996,1016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Calyx</emphasis>
tubular, induplicate, 5-ribbed,
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FFEFFBDEFF298D6C" box="[113,195,1025,1045]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long, coarsely puberulous outside with white hairs on ribs and densely puberulous in grooves, glabrous inside.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FDBBFBC3FDB38D49" box="[549,601,1052,1072]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Petals</emphasis>
5, narrowly oblong, ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FF1AFBE6FF558D35" box="[132,191,1081,1100]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long, white with pink claw, claw ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FE61FBE6FDD68D35" box="[511,572,1081,1100]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, ligulate, cohering laterally with margins tucked along ligule, ligule linear and longitudinally adnate to claw with truncate apex merging imperceptibly into blade, blade oblong, ±4 ×
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FEA0FB52FE908DD9" box="[318,378,1165,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, erose.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FE56FB53FDFC8DD9" box="[456,534,1164,1184]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Stamens</emphasis>
6, exserted up to
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD4BFB52FCE58DD9" box="[725,783,1165,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
beyond mouth of calyx at anthesis, later torn loose at base by ripening fruit and then spreading and exserted ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD87FB1AFDBF8DA1" box="[537,597,1221,1240]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, filaments linear– oblanceolate, ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FE8DFB3EFEA48D8D" box="[275,334,1249,1268]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long, slightly expanded and angled in lower half and cohering, filiform above, white flushed pink, anthers subglobose, bipartite, versatile, ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FE3FFAC7FE368C55" box="[417,476,1304,1324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, wine-red, pollen yellow.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FFEFFAECFF438C3E" box="[113,169,1331,1351]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Ovary</emphasis>
ellipsoid, 5-angled or -ribbed by pressure from stamens and petals, ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FF54FA8FFEFF8C1A" box="[202,277,1360,1379]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, 6-ovulate with two ovules near base of each of three parietal placentas, funicles erect, shorter than ovules; style terete, up to
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FF30FA57FF038CE2" box="[174,233,1416,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long at anthesis but later elongating to
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD1FFA57FD548CE2" box="[641,702,1416,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, usually sharply kinked at base, 3-branched, branches ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FDD9FA7BFD6B8CCE" box="[583,641,1444,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, included at anthesis but later exserted
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FE3CFA1FFE1F8CAA" box="[418,501,1472,1491]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
but never beyond stamens, pink to wine-red, stigmas clavate.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FE54FA04FD9E8C96" box="[458,628,1499,1519]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Immature capsule</emphasis>
ovoid, ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD4AFA03FCE58C96" box="[724,783,1500,1519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FF39FA29FED08F73" box="[167,314,1526,1546]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Immature seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid–fusiform, angled by pressure, ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FD4BFA28FCE58F72" box="[725,783,1527,1547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, smooth; developing rapidly even before flower has withered. Flowering time: November, possibly late October in dry years.
<figureCitation id="13722A66824EFF82FD33F9F0FD0C8F3B" box="[685,742,1583,1602]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[828,853,708,722]" captionTargetBox="[855,1471,145,677]" captionTargetId="figure-1049@1.[853,1473,142,678]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Frankenia fruticosa, Helme 7796 (NBG). A, calyx; B, petal; C, stamen (adaxial view) and detached anther (abaxial view); D, ovary at anthesis (left) and after pollination (right). Scale:1 mm.Artist: John Manning." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036418/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13722A66824EFF82FD60F9F0FCE58F3A" box="[766,783,1583,1603]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[240,265,1095,1109]" captionStartId-1="2.[629,654,1972,1986]" captionTargetBox-0="[291,1274,147,1061]" captionTargetBox-1="[348,1217,1162,1941]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@2.[287,1278,142,1064]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@2.[346,1219,1159,1942]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Frankenia fruticosa, Moedverloren. A, habit (lens cap 50 mm diam.); B–D,detail of inflorescences and flowers.Photographer: Nick Helme." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Distribution of Frankenia fruticosa." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036422" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036424" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14036422/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14036424/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">2.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF36666B824EFF82FCA2FD1BFB6B8A79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036418/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" startId="1.[828,853,708,722]" targetBox="[855,1471,145,677]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FCA2FD1BFB6B8A79" blockId="1.[828,1497,708,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FCA2FD1BFC808BAB" bold="true" box="[828,874,708,722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FCF0FD1BFBDB8BAA" authority=", Helme" authorityName="Helme" box="[878,1073,708,723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FCF0FD1BFC108BAA" box="[878,1018,708,723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Frankenia fruticosa</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FB9CFD1BFBDB8BAA" box="[1026,1073,708,723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Helme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FBABFD1BFBB08BAA" box="[1077,1114,708,723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">7796</emphasis>
(NBG). A, calyx; B, petal; C, stamen (adaxial view) and detached anther (abaxial view); D, ovary at anthesis (left) and after pollination (right). Scale: 1 mm. Artist: John Manning.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3536568824EFF82FFEFF9A2FC648AC5" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FFEFF9A2FE6E8FE8" blockId="1.[113,783,1661,1988]" box="[113,388,1661,1681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0BE818F824EFF82FFEFF9A2FE6E8FE8" box="[113,388,1661,1681]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FFEFF9A2FE6E8FE8" box="[113,388,1661,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">3.2.1. Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FF0FF945FC648AC5" blockId="1.[113,783,1661,1988]" lastBlockId="1.[828,1498,852,956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
A local endemic of the Knersvlakte in southern Namaqualand,
<collectingRegion id="498DF801824EFF82FFEFF969FEEF8FB0" box="[113,261,1718,1737]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FE8DF96BFE3F8FB1" box="[275,469,1716,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FE8DF96BFE3F8FB1" box="[275,469,1716,1736]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Frankenia fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known thus far only from Moedverloren 208 (
<figureCitation id="13722A66824EFF82FEDAF90EFE978F9D" box="[324,381,1745,1764]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[629,654,1972,1986]" captionTargetBox="[348,1217,1162,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[346,1219,1159,1942]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Distribution of Frankenia fruticosa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036424/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), the original, anchor property in the Knersvlakte Biosphere Reserve, managed by CapeNature as a conservation area. The species is locally common on the upper parts of south facing, quartz covered slopes, a habitat that receives significant extra moisture in the form of fog condensation (N. Helme, pers. obs.). The species is absent from many seemingly suitable habitats, and co-occurs with
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FE05F8A7FCE58EF5" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[411,783,1912,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Mesembryanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="digitatum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FE05F8A7FD3B8EF5" box="[411,721,1912,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Mesembryanthemum digitatum</emphasis>
Aiton
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FF0DF84BFE348ED1" authority="(Aiton) N. E. Br." authorityName="N. E. Br." baseAuthorityName="Aiton" box="[147,478,1940,1960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Dactylopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="digitata">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FF0DF84BFEA28ED1" box="[147,328,1940,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Dactylopsis digitata</emphasis>
(Aiton) N.E.Br.
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FE73F84CFD5F8ED1" box="[493,693,1939,1960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Sarcocornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xerophila">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FE73F84CFD5F8ED1" box="[493,693,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Sarcocornia xerophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TÖlken) A.J. Scott,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FF50F870FDE18EBD" authority="(Thunb.) Less." authorityName="Less." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[206,523,1967,1988]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gazania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="othonnites">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FF50F870FE978EBA" box="[206,381,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Gazania othonnites</emphasis>
(Thunb.) Less.
</taxonomicName>
, and the recently described local endemics
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FC53FC8BFA858A11" authority="J. C. Manning &amp; Goldblatt" authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; Goldblatt" box="[973,1391,852,872]" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Romulea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quartzicola">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FC53FC8BFB6D8A11" box="[973,1159,852,872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Romulea quartzicola</emphasis>
J.C.Manning &amp; Goldblatt
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FA00FC8BFBB18AFD" authority="Muasya &amp; Helme." authorityName="Muasya &amp; Helme." class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Ficinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quartzicola">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FA00FC8BFC4F8AFD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Ficinia quartzicola</emphasis>
Muasya &amp; Helme.
</taxonomicName>
The underlying soils are derived from heavily weathered shales, slightly saline, quick to erode, and rich in gypsum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536568824EFF82FCA2FC32FAA38D08" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FCA2FC32FBC98D78" blockId="1.[828,1498,1005,1137]" box="[828,1059,1005,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0BE818F824EFF82FCA2FC32FBC98D78" box="[828,1059,1005,1025]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FCA2FC32FBC98D78" box="[828,1059,1005,1025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">3.2.2. Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FCC2FBD5FAA38D08" blockId="1.[828,1498,1005,1137]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
The total population is estimated to be 1 000–5 000 plants in a discontinuous but single population over a total area of about 100 ha, and there are no known threats to the population.We therefore suggest a conservation status of Least Threatened (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B12824EFF82FB4FFB81FAD18D08" author="IUCN &amp; Cambridge, UK" box="[1233,1339,1118,1137]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" refId="ref2509" refString="IUCN, 2001. IUCN red list categories and criteria version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK." type="book" year="2001">IUCN, 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536568824EFF80FCA2FB7DFF35880B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FCA2FB7DFC228DCF" blockId="1.[828,1498,1186,1987]" box="[828,968,1186,1206]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0BE818F824EFF82FCA2FB7DFC228DCF" box="[828,968,1186,1206]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FCA2FB7DFC228DCF" box="[828,968,1186,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">3.2.3. Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FCC2FB60FBDD8F0C" blockId="1.[828,1498,1186,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
A very distinctive taxon, unique among the southern African species in its gnarled, woody habit, the plants forming compact dwarf shrubs up to
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FC23FB28FC118C72" box="[957,1019,1271,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
high, with numerous short, erect branches issuing from a thick, woody base. The small, sausage-shaped leaves,
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FCA2FAF0FC5F8C3B" box="[828,949,1327,1346]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
long, are densely puberulous with short, white hairs, and narrowly grooved beneath. The flowers are distinctive in their densely puberulous calyx ribs and narrow petals, ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FAF6FAB8FA498C03" box="[1384,1443,1383,1402]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long with the blade scarcely wider than the claws, the apex of the ligule merging into the blade.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FBB1FA42FB008CC8" box="[1071,1258,1437,1457]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FBB1FA42FB008CC8" box="[1071,1258,1437,1457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Frankenia fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unusual in the genus in the relatively few ovules per locule — just six ovules in three pairs, one pair near the base of each of three parietal placentas. Enlargement of the ovary that accompanies early and rapid ripening of the seeds causes the petals and stamens to tear free at the base and to be pushed up to protrude well beyond the mouth of the calyx tube, giving a false impression that the stamens and style are well exserted at anthesis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FCC2F9A2FBD68EF5" blockId="1.[828,1498,1186,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FCC2F9A2FBF98FE8" box="[860,1043,1661,1681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FCC2F9A2FBF98FE8" box="[860,1043,1661,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Frankenia fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be confused with any of the southern African species, all of which are straggling or prostrate plants. The sausage-shaped leaves resemble those of the two endemic species,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FCA2F90FFC2A8F9D" box="[828,960,1744,1764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pomonensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FCA2F90FFC2A8F9D" box="[828,960,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">F. pomonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from coastal southern
<collectingCountry id="F35E7673824EFF82FB3CF90EFB1F8F9D" box="[1186,1269,1745,1764]" name="Namibia" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FAB4F90FFA968F9D" box="[1322,1404,1744,1764]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FAB4F90FFA968F9D" box="[1322,1404,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">F. repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is widespread in coastal areas throughout the Greater Cape Floristic Region, but both these species have significantly larger leaves,
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FA19F8D6FA308E64" box="[1415,1498,1801,1821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 mm</quantity>
long with the upper surface glabrous, larger flowers with obovate petals
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FCE3F89EFC368E2D" box="[893,988,1857,1876]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
long, a calyx that is either glabrous (
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FAD5F89FFA3A8E2D" box="[1355,1488,1856,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pomonensis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FAD5F89FFA3A8E2D" box="[1355,1488,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">F. pomonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or sparsely hispid (
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824EFF82FB9AF883FBB08E09" box="[1028,1114,1884,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FB9AF883FBB08E09" box="[1028,1114,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">F. repens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and numerous ovules, ±20–40 per ovary (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B12824EFF82FC1DF8A6FBC78EF5" author="Obermeyer, A. A." box="[899,1069,1913,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" pagination="32 - 36" refId="ref2595" refString="Obermeyer, A. A., 1976. Frankeniaceae. In: Ross, J. H. (Ed.), Flora of southern Africa, 22. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, pp. 32 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1976">Obermeyer, 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF80FCC2F84BFF35880B" blockId="1.[828,1498,1186,1987]" lastBlockId="3.[113,784,155,370]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
The relationships of this remarkable species remain to be established in view of its distinctive characters, notably the imperceptible grading of the ligule into the petal blade, quite unlike the usual acute ligule of other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824CFF80FF4AFF69FEC589B3" box="[212,303,182,202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824CFF80FF4AFF69FEC589B3" box="[212,303,182,202]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">Frankenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the reduced number of ovules. In its gnarled, woody habit
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824CFF80FF62FF0DFE82899F" box="[252,360,210,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824CFF80FF62FF0DFE82899F" box="[252,360,210,230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">F. fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles the southern South American
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824CFF80FFEFFF31FF05887B" box="[113,239,238,258]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patagonica">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824CFF80FFEFFF31FF05887B" box="[113,239,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">F. patagonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also has a reduced number of ovules on basal– parietal placentas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B12824CFF80FEAFFED4FE518867" author="Whalen, M. A." box="[305,443,267,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" refId="ref2687" refString="Whalen, M. A., 1989. Systematics of Frankenia (Frankeniaceae) in North and South America. Systematic Botany Monographs 17." type="journal volume" year="1989">Whalen, 1989</bibRefCitation>
) but minute, granular leaves. The New World species in particular are variable in the number of ovules (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B12824CFF80FFE5FE9CFEEA882F" author="Whalen, M. A." box="[123,256,323,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" refId="ref2687" refString="Whalen, M. A., 1989. Systematics of Frankenia (Frankeniaceae) in North and South America. Systematic Botany Monographs 17." type="journal volume" year="1989">Whalen, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), and a possible relationship with
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824CFF80FDD7FE9DFD46882F" box="[585,684,322,342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824CFF80FDD7FE9DFD46882F" box="[585,684,322,342]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">F. fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF36666B824DFF81FF6EFB98FAC48D2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036422" box="[240,1326,1094,1109]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="86" startId="2.[240,265,1095,1109]" targetBox="[291,1274,147,1061]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824DFF81FF6EFB98FAC48D2C" blockId="2.[240,1326,1094,1109]" box="[240,1326,1094,1109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824DFF81FF6EFB98FEF48D2C" bold="true" box="[240,286,1095,1109]" pageId="2" pageNumber="86">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824DFF81FEBCFB99FDDF8D2C" authority=", Moedverloren. A" authorityName="Moedverloren. A" box="[290,565,1094,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824DFF81FEBCFB99FE468D2C" box="[290,428,1094,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="86">Frankenia fruticosa</emphasis>
, Moedverloren. A
</taxonomicName>
, habit (lens cap 50 mm diam.); B–D, detail of inflorescences and flowers. Photographer: Nick Helme.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF36666B824DFF81FDEBF86BFC4D8EBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036424" box="[629,935,1971,1986]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036424/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="86" startId="2.[629,654,1972,1986]" targetBox="[348,1217,1162,1941]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824DFF81FDEBF86BFC4D8EBB" blockId="2.[629,935,1971,1986]" box="[629,935,1971,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824DFF81FDEBF86BFD498EBB" bold="true" box="[629,675,1972,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="86">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824DFF81FC87F86CFC498EBB" box="[793,931,1971,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824DFF81FC87F86CFC498EBB" box="[793,931,1971,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="86">Frankenia fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3536568824CFF80FFEFFE43FDD68891" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824CFF80FFEFFE43FE6188C9" blockId="3.[113,783,412,488]" box="[113,395,412,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="D0BE818F824CFF80FFEFFE43FE6188C9" box="[113,395,412,432]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824CFF80FFEFFE43FE6188C9" box="[113,395,412,432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">3.2.4. Additional specimen seen</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824CFF80FF0FFE66FDD68891" blockId="3.[113,783,412,488]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBE824CFF80FF0FFE66FDD28891" collectingDate="2002-10-03" collectionCode="HBG" collectorName="U. Schmiedel" country="South Africa" location="Moedverloren" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingCountry id="F35E7673824CFF80FF0FFE66FEED88B5" box="[145,263,441,460]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498DF801824CFF80FE91FE66FE7388B5" box="[271,409,441,460]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824CFF80FE3FFE66FD9D88B2" bold="true" box="[417,631,440,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">
3118 (
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC99824CFF80FE43FE67FD9B88B2" box="[477,625,440,459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">Vanrhynsdorp</collectingMunicipality>
)
</emphasis>
:
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, (
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824CFF80FFE5FE0AFF658891" box="[123,143,469,488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">−</emphasis>
AD),
<date id="FFF71023824CFF80FF5FFE0AFEC78891" box="[193,301,469,488]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" value="2002-10-03">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9CB824CFF80FF5FFE0AFEC78891" box="[193,301,469,488]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87" value="2002-10-03">3 Oct. 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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<collectorName id="26BC5335824CFF80FEA8FE0CFE43889E" box="[310,425,467,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">U. Schmiedel</collectorName>
123431
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED58AE26824CFF80FD9EFE0AFDD88891" box="[512,562,469,488]" collectionName="HBG" country="Japan" name="Hiroshima Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="87">HBG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

131
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@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
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<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824FFF83FCBBF95EFB0C8FEC" box="[805,1254,1665,1685]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
3.1. Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824FFF83FC7AF95EFBD48FEC" ID-CoL="4KZH" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[996,1086,1665,1685]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Frankenia</taxonomicName>
in southern Africa
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3536568824FFF82FCDAF965FE3F889F" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" type="key">
<key id="FFD861D2824FFF82FCDAF965FE3F889F" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<keyStep id="30BD2E46824FFF83FCDAF965FC7F8E06" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824FFF83FCDAF965FA4E8E7C" blockId="0.[836,1474,1722,1919]" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="30B895D6824FFF83FCDAF965FA4E8E7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
1a. Gnarled dwarf shrublet; leaves
<quantity id="4CB19B06824FFF83FB27F965FAC58FB4" box="[1209,1327,1722,1741]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
long, densely scabridulous above; calyx ribs densely puberulous; petal blade scarcely wider than claw; ovules six, basal–parietal…
<taxonomicName id="4C494D60824FFF83FADFF92EFA4E8E7C" box="[1345,1444,1777,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Frankeniaceae" genus="Frankenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824FFF83FADFF92EFA4E8E7C" box="[1345,1444,1777,1797]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">F. fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E3824FFF83FCDAF8CFFC7F8E06" blockId="0.[836,1474,1722,1919]" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="30B895D6824FFF83FCDAF8CFFC7F8E06" pageId="0" pageNumber="84">
1b. Prostrate or sprawling herbs or softly woody shrublets; leaves
<quantity id="4CB19B06824FFF83FCDAF8F0FC7D8E3B" box="[836,919,1839,1858]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous above; calyx ribs glabrous or sparsely pubescent; petal blade wider than claw; ovules numerous, 20–45, parietal:
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30B895D6824EFF82FF0FFF44FEF2887B" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
2a. Prostrate annual or rarely perennial herb; leaves petiolate with petiole ±
<quantity id="4CB19B06824EFF82FEB0FF68FE8089B3" box="[302,362,183,202]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, blade ovate to lanceolate; flowers scattered and solitary in forks of branches; petals ±
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long…
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<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FF0FFF31FEF2887B" box="[145,280,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">F. pulverulenta</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="30B895D6824EFF82FF0FFED4FECC882F" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
2b. Prostrate or sprawling perennials or shrublets; leaves subsessile, allantoid (sausage-shaped); flowers in terminal dichasia; petals
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long:
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<keyLead id="30B895D6824EFF82FF0FFE80FE7088D0" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
3a. Prostrate perennial with short, erect branches; calyx ribs coarsely pubescent; stamens as long as petals;
<collectingCountry id="F35E7673824EFF82FE76FEA5FDB688F4" box="[488,604,378,397]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">South Africa</collectingCountry>
:Northern, Western and
<collectingRegion id="498DF801824EFF82FF24FE48FEDB88D0" box="[186,305,406,426]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
…
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<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FED5FE4AFE7088D0" box="[331,410,405,425]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">F. repens</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BF636E3824EFF82FF0FFE6AFE3F889F" blockId="1.[145,784,155,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
<keyLead id="30B895D6824EFF82FF0FFE6AFE3F889F" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">
3b. Sprawling shrublet; calyx glabrous; stamens shorter than petals:
<collectingCountry id="F35E7673824EFF82FF0FFE0CFF0F889F" box="[145,229,467,486]" name="Namibia" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">Namibia</collectingCountry>
: Luderitz…
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<emphasis id="B93DEAF1824EFF82FECBFE0DFE3F889F" box="[341,469,466,486]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="85">F. pomonensis</emphasis>
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