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rubra;
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<location id="AC08E7320B874B68550C0CEFC2F7C067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A49178BA49E75409B57A056DC9BDE6A1:AC08E7320B874B68550C0CEFC2F7C067" county="Type" latitude="51.66213" longitude="-128.14491" municipality="McMullin" name="Record Level">Record Level</location>
:
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institutionID: CANL; collectionID:
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<collectingCounty id="C8AE226DC0E89A535708578EB4A636C1">Type</collectingCounty>
status:
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recordedBy:
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; occurrenceID:
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;
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<collectorName id="219DF566773698F9A0AA4C46E58DEF97">Location</collectorName>
:
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locationID: XIII; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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;
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<location id="6A1E8D648734E10BE9F48102A99C2722" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A49178BA49E75409B57A056DC9BDE6A1:6A1E8D648734E10BE9F48102A99C2722" county="McMullin" latitude="51.66854" longitude="-128.11832" municipality="Record Level" name="Event">Event</location>
:
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habitat:
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rubra;
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<collectingMunicipality id="706E88441988D00BE5EA50B9F858AEFF">Record Level</collectingMunicipality>
:
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institutionID: CANL; collectionID:
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19850
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</specimenCount>
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</specimenCount>
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E4362E1AAB5F8DBBCB76132964E416AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292" type="notes">
<paragraph id="5E6B48E980F38E3781AD16B3BFE80A44" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792B0F850145AC8205E28CEFE792EE67" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292">
Our specimens were somewhat intermediate between subsp.
<taxonomicName id="130A1534867DC8C9A4CE5E0458CA90DE" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Nephromataceae" genus="Nephroma" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Nephroma helveticum subsp. helveticum" order="Peltigerales" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="helveticum" subSpecies="helveticum">Nephroma helveticum helveticum</taxonomicName>
and subsp.
<taxonomicName id="936E067AD6C5586007C333C3912BBE2A" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Nephromataceae" genus="Nephroma" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Nephroma helveticum subsp. sipeanum" order="Peltigerales" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="helveticum" subSpecies="sipeanum">Nephroma helveticum sipeanum</taxonomicName>
. We have assigned subsp.
<taxonomicName id="8BF0FD46381A4B23279A09284D12942D" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Nephromataceae" genus="Nephroma" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Nephroma helveticum subsp. sipeanum" order="Peltigerales" pageId="0" pageNumber="120292" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="helveticum" subSpecies="sipeanum">Nephroma helveticum sipeanum</taxonomicName>
since it appears to be the dominant taxon in the region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

91
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–25" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 14 - 25. Front view of face, antennae removed. Vpl. = Vespula." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11537" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Figs 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–47" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 38 - 47. Dorsal view of worker metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11539" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">38</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 59–71" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 59 - 71. Lateral view of genital capsule in Vespula (Vpl). Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus p = paramere." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11541" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">61</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 72–84" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 72 - 84. Ventral view of genital capsule in Vespula (Vpl). Abbreviations: A. = dorsal view of paramere ae = aedeagus p = paramere v = volsella Vpl. = Vespula." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11542" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">74</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consobrina">Vespa consobrina</taxonomicName>
de Saussure
<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, Hde" journalOrPublisher="State of Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" refId="B62" refString="Saussure, Hde, 1853-58. Monographie des Guepes Sociales ou de la Tribu des Vespiens. Masson, Paris, and J. Cherbuliez, Geneve." title="Monographie des Guepes Sociales ou de la Tribu des Vespiens. Masson, Paris, and J. Cherbuliez, Geneve." year="1853 - 58">1854</bibRefCitation>
:141. Holotype female;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“L’île">&quot;L'ile</normalizedToken>
de Terre-Neuve&quot; (PARIS).
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scelesta">Vespa scelesta</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="McFarland, J" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" pagination="297 - 299" refId="B52" refString="McFarland, J, 1888. A table of the species of Vespa found in the United States, with descriptions of two species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 15: 297 - 299" title="A table of the species of Vespa found in the United States, with descriptions of two species." volume="15" year="1888">McFarland 1888</bibRefCitation>
:298. Lectotype female;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Montana”">&quot;Montana&quot;</normalizedToken>
(PHILADELPHIA).
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consobrina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Vespula consobrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Canadian and Transition Zones of northern and central North America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="45">This predatory species preys on live insects and usually nests in cavities, using sites in logs, wall voids and rodent burrows.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

563
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; verbatimLocality: Estacion Cacao; verbatimElevation:
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; verbatimLatitude: 10.927; verbatimLongitude: -85.468; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude:
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; collectionCode:
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; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-08-02" collectingMethod="reared from caterpillar of Achariaophelians (Limacodidae)" collectionCode="CNC, Insects" collectorName="D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, Harry Ramirez" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.927" location="Sector Cacao" longitude="-85.468" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" specimenCode="DHJPAR 0018569" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; recordedBy:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; recordedBy:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; recordedBy:
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; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; recordedBy:
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; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
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; collectionCode:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; recordedBy:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" value="1997-08-02">02-Aug-1997</collectingDate>
; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; recordedBy:
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; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
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; recordedBy:
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; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">adult</specimenType>
; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAI1217-07, 97-SRNP-1486.35; Taxon: scientificName: Uramyaconstricta; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Uramya; specificEpithet: constricta; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming &amp; Wood; Location: continent: Central America; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Area de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Guanacaste; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A491B66A145350DDBB04243706B6AAF3:352927EFC31A2DF5FDECE3559BAC5716" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.927" longitude="-85.468" name="Sector Cacao" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Sector Cacao</location>
; verbatimLocality: Estacion Cacao; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">1150</elevation>
; verbatimLatitude: 10.927; verbatimLongitude: -85.468; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" value="10.927">10.927</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">AJ Fleming</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">reared from caterpillar of Achariaophelians (Limacodidae)</collectingMethod>
; verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" value="1997-08-02">02-Aug-1997</collectingDate>
; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">CNC</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Insects</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingMethod="reared from caterpillar of Achariaophelians (Limacodidae)" collectionCode="CNC, Insects" collectorName="D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, Harry Ramirez" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.927" location="Sector Cacao" longitude="-85.468" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" specimenCode="DHJPAR 0018561" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Paratype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">DHJPAR0018561</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, Harry Ramirez</collectorName>
; individualID: DHJPAR0018561; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">F</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">adult</specimenType>
; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAI1208-07, 97-SRNP-1486.21; Taxon: scientificName: Uramyaconstricta; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Uramya; specificEpithet: constricta; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming &amp; Wood; Location: continent: Central America; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Area de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Guanacaste; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A491B66A145350DDBB04243706B6AAF3:FF62FF06B871686764AD5911CBC2F47A" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.927" longitude="-85.468" name="Sector Cacao" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Sector Cacao</location>
; verbatimLocality: Estacion Cacao; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">1150</elevation>
; verbatimLatitude: 10.927; verbatimLongitude: -85.468; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" value="10.927">10.927</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
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; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">AJ Fleming</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">reared from caterpillar of Achariaophelians (Limacodidae)</collectingMethod>
; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">CNC</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Insects</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-08-13" collectingMethod="reared from caterpillar of Achariaophelians (Limacodidae)" collectionCode="CNC, Insects" collectorName="D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, Harry Ramirez" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.927" location="Sector Cacao" longitude="-85.468" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" specimenCode="DHJPAR 0018568" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Paratype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">DHJPAR0018568</specimenCode>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, Harry Ramirez</collectorName>
; individualID: DHJPAR0018568; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">M</specimenType>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">adult</specimenType>
; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAI1215-07, 97-SRNP-1486.41; Taxon: scientificName: Uramyaconstricta; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Uramya; specificEpithet: constricta; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming &amp; Wood; Location: continent: Central America; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Area de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Guanacaste; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A491B66A145350DDBB04243706B6AAF3:15E1BFB448383D88CF86EA0F8F56FE38" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.927" longitude="-85.468" name="Sector Cacao" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Sector Cacao</location>
; verbatimLocality: Estacion Cacao; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">1150</elevation>
; verbatimLatitude: 10.927; verbatimLongitude: -85.468; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" value="10.927">10.927</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" value="-85.468">-85.468</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">AJ Fleming</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2015; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">reared from caterpillar of Achariaophelians (Limacodidae)</collectingMethod>
; verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" value="1997-08-13">13-Aug-1997</collectingDate>
; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">CNC</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Insects</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: Pinned Specimen
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Male (Fig. 5). Length: 11-15 mm. Head (Fig. 5b): antenna: first flagellomere dark brown on lower 2/3, turning to bright orange on upper third, adjacent to pedicel; pedicel dark black, with orange undertones; arista 1.5X as long as first flagellomere, dark brown and minutely pubescent; palpus dark orange and haired; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena silver pollinose; gena with a cluster of hairs along lower 1/3 to 1/2. Thorax (Fig. 5a, c): entirely gray pollinose; dorsum of thorax and scutellum black pilose; sternopleura, hypopleura, pteropleura, and ventral surface of abdomen white pilose; 2 katepisternal bristles; 3 postsutural supra-alar bristles; postpronotum and anepisternum bearing fine black hairs; underside of scutellum bearing a tuft of black hairs near basal marginal bristle. Legs: fore femur gray pollinose, densely covered in thin dark hairs; mid and hind femora dark brown to black in ground color, contrasting with the dark orange tibiae. Wing: smoky grey transparent; wing veins not infuscate. Abdomen (Fig. 5a): median marginal bristles present on all abdominal tergites (ST1+2, T3, T4 and T5); 1 pair of median discal bristles on T3, T4 and T5; ground color of abdomen brown-black up to tergite 5; silver pollinosity present on anterior half of T3, T4 and T5; ST1+2 with lateral gray pollinose spots on posterior half; base of ST1+2 slightly constricted, giving the abdomen a basaly tapered appearance. Terminalia (Fig. 5d, e, f): sternite 5 with two small lobes, inner margin covered in dense pollinosity, appearing darker than surrounding cuticle; apical edges of lobes of sternite 5 bearing short, stout bristles interspersed with longer bristles close to apical margin; sternite 5 with wide V-shaped median cleft, 0.4X the length of sternite from lobe apex to base; cercus sharply pointed, distinctly tapered; apical section 1.4X as long as upper lobe; strongly curved when viewed laterally and with a slight upward hook at its tip; surstylus equilaterally oblong and scythe-like in lateral view; posterodorsal half densely haired; apex of surstylus with a slight lobe when viewed dorsally and few short apical bristles; surstyli weakly angled inwards in dorsal view, almost parallel; surstylus 1.6X as long as cercus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Female (Fig. 6). Length: 7-10 mm. As male, except arista 1.7X as long as first flagellomere, and 3 katepisternal bristles.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Uramya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uramya constricta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">Uramya constricta</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other Neotropical species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Uramya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uramya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Uramya</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of traits: pedicel dark brown, 3 postsutural supra-alar bristles, underside of scutellum with a tuft of black hairs near basal marginal bristle, only 1 pair of median marginal bristles on ST1+2, T3 and T4, and by the shape of the surstylus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Etymology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective
<normalizedToken originalValue="“constrictus”">&quot;constrictus&quot;</normalizedToken>
, for constricted or compressed, in reference to the slightly constricted base of ST1+2 where it meets the thorax.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Costa Rica, ACG (Prov. Guanacaste), 1,150 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">Ecology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9649">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Uramya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uramya constricta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">Uramya constricta</taxonomicName>
has been reared 38 times from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Acharia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acharia ophelians" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophelians">Acharia ophelians</taxonomicName>
Dyar (
<taxonomicName family="Limacodidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" rank="family">Limacodidae</taxonomicName>
) (one sibling brood of caterpillars) and once from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Euclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euclea mesoamericana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericana">Euclea mesoamericana</taxonomicName>
DHJ04 (
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Limacodidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="9649" rank="family">Limacodidae</taxonomicName>
) in ACG cloud forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>