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Brewin, 1958
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(
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,
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<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFE43B50FD52554027B4FABC" box="[668,702,1309,1333]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[212,279,1466,1488]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-59@5.[212,1172,168,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. In situ images of: (A) Botryllus stewartensis (NIWA 49968); (B) Botrylloides leachii (NIWA 49998); (C) Botrylloides leachii (NIWA 49986); (D) Botrylloides sp. (NIWA 49967); (E) Botrylloides sp. (NIWA 68096); (F) Synoicum kuranui (NIWA 49977)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193884/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">3A</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE43B50FF5E5500248BFAFC" box="[144,385,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">Botryllus stewartensis</emphasis>
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: p. 447
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, fig. 3 A
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–A
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.
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<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE43B50FF5E55202481FA1C" box="[144,395,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">Parabotryllus nemorus</emphasis>
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: p. 11
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.
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<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE43B50FF5E55C1248BFA3D" box="[144,385,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">Botryllus stewartensis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE43B50FE5F55C1272BFA3D" author="Millar, RH" box="[401,545,1436,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" refId="ref15362" refString="Millar, RH. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea. New Zealand Oceanogr Mem. 85: 114 pp." type="book" year="1982">Millar, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 61
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE43B50FF5E55E12472FA5D" box="[144,376,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">Botryllus stewartensis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE43B50FE4A55E124F7FA5D" author="Kott, P" box="[388,509,1468,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" pagination="440" refId="ref14972" refString="Kott, P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea I. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 23: 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 269
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFE43B50FD9D55E12612FA5D" author="Kott, P" box="[595,792,1468,1492]" page="286" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE43B50FD9D55E127C1FA5D" author="Kott, P" box="[595,715,1468,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref14997" refString="Kott, P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobrancia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 29: 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 286
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFE43B50FCEC55E126EDFA5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7223069" author="Kott, P" box="[802,999,1468,1492]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/011D87C1FFC6CD741FCAFC3DE297FD5D" page="221" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE43B50FCEC55E12690FA5D" author="Kott, P" box="[802,922,1468,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" pagination="169 - 234" refId="ref15107" refString="Kott, P. 2006. Observations on non- didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1). J Nat Hist. 40: 169 - 234." type="journal article" year="2006">Kott, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 221
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, fig. 10H.
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<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE43B50FF5E56412469F9BD" box="[144,355,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE43B50FF5E561E242BF9D2" box="[144,289,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">New records</emphasis>
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:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="549D3CBEFFE43B50FEF9561E2789F912" collectingDate="2009-02-01" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="15" latitude="-45.016834" location="Caswell Sound" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="166.14" municipality="Paua Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" specimenCode="NIWA 49968, NIWA 49974, NIWA 49983" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
Breaksea Sound, First Cove (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFE43B50FD6F561E2620F9D2" box="[673,810,1603,1627]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="34.74" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" precision="9" value="-45.579">45° 34.74’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFE43B50FCF1561E26D2F9D2" box="[831,984,1603,1627]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="44.43" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" precision="9" value="166.7405">166° 44.43’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFE43B50FC22561E2125F9D2" box="[1004,1071,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFE43B50FC22561E2125F9D2" box="[1004,1071,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFE43B50FB8C561E244BF9F2" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" value="2009-02-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFE43B50FB8C561E244BF9F2" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" value="2009-02-01">1 February 2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFE43B50FE98563E24F6F9F2" box="[342,508,1635,1659]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49968</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFE43B50FDDE563E27BDF9F2" box="[528,695,1635,1659]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49974</specimenCode>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<location id="E12A6038FFE43B50FD1D563E268CF9F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C5C87F5FFE43B54FE6654A02605FD0D:E12A6038FFE43B50FD1D563E268CF9F2" box="[723,902,1635,1659]" latitude="-45.016834" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="166.14" municipality="Paua Bay" name="Caswell Sound" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">Caswell Sound</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="042EAC99FFE43B50FC55563E211BF9F2" box="[923,1041,1635,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654">Paua Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFE43B50FBE4563E25E9F912" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="01.01" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" precision="9" value="-45.016834">45° 01.01’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFE43B50FF3C56DE248FF912" box="[242,389,1667,1691]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="08.40" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" precision="9" value="166.14">166° 08.40’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFE43B50FE5C56DE24C5F912" box="[402,463,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" unit="m" value="25.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFE43B50FE5C56DE24C5F912" box="[402,463,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFE43B50FE1256DE2771F912" box="[476,635,1667,1691]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="1654" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49983</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="B08A666BFFE53B51FF1A55FA2754FA53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193880/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655" startId="3.[212,279,1447,1469]" targetBox="[212,1172,168,1415]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE53B51FF1A55FA2754FA53" blockId="3.[212,1172,1447,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655">Figure 1. Map of Fiordland on the south-west coast of the South Island, New Zealand showing location of sampling stations.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE53B51FF30567F2678F9F0" blockId="3.[212,1171,1570,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE53B51FF30567F24D6F9B3" box="[254,476,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655">Previously recorded</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9CE27673FFE53B51FE20567F2787F9B3" box="[494,653,1570,1594]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Stewart Island and Foveaux Strait (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE53B51FB8C567F241CF9D3" author="Brewin, BI" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655" pagination="439 - 453" refId="ref14319" refString="Brewin, BI. 1958 a. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XI. Ascidians of the Stewart Island region. Trans Royal Soc NZ. 85: 439 - 453." type="journal article" year="1958">Brewin 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Stewart Island,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFE53B51FE20561F2758F9D3" box="[494,594,1602,1626]" degrees="47" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655" precision="925" value="-47.25">47° 15’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFE53B51FDAA561F27D3F9D3" box="[612,729,1602,1626]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655" precision="925" value="167.91667">167° 55’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFE53B51FD25561F263FF9D3" box="[747,821,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655" unit="m" value="101.0">101 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE53B51FC84561F26D9F9D3" author="Millar, RH" box="[842,979,1602,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655" refId="ref15362" refString="Millar, RH. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea. New Zealand Oceanogr Mem. 85: 114 pp." type="book" year="1982">Millar 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
): p. 61, fig. 32; Queensland, Western and South Australia (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE53B51FD21563C2668F9F0" author="Kott, P" box="[751,866,1633,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1655" pagination="267 - 298" refId="ref14997" refString="Kott, P. 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea, Phlebobrancia and Stolidobranchia, supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 29: 267 - 298." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="B08A666BFFE23B56FF5E541427DCFB13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193882" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193882/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656" startId="4.[144,211,1097,1119]" targetBox="[148,1104,166,1066]" targetPageId="4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE23B56FF5E541427DCFB13" blockId="4.[144,1103,1097,1178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">
|
||||
Figure 2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE23B56FF36541424DAFBD7" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[248,464,1097,1118]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stewartensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE23B56FF36541424DAFBD7" box="[248,464,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">Botryllus stewartensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 49968): (A) part of a colony showing zooids arranged on sand-coated lobes; (B) zooid; (C) testis follicle; (D1, D2) parietal and mesial sides of the stomach. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D 0.5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFE23B54FF5E54E1279BFF69" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1658" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE23B56FF5E54E12405FB5D" blockId="4.[144,1104,1212,1690]" box="[144,271,1212,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFE23B56FF5E54E12405FB5D" box="[144,271,1212,1236]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE23B56FF5E54E12405FB5D" box="[144,271,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE23B56FF5E54B92121FA32" blockId="4.[144,1104,1212,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">
|
||||
The colonies are approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFE23B56FDD654B92771FB75" box="[536,635,1252,1276]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in diameter, comprising a transparent gelatinous test that can vary widely in colour from mauve (RP 5/4, NIWA 49968) to light tan (YR 7/4, NIWA 49974). The colonies have a basal mat with tightly packed flat-topped lobes approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFE23B56FD94551E27A2FAD2" box="[602,680,1347,1371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||||
high and
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFE23B56FCD3551E2666FAD2" box="[797,876,1347,1371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in diameter (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFE23B56FBCB551E25BFFAF2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[212,279,1466,1488]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-59@5.[212,1172,168,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. In situ images of: (A) Botryllus stewartensis (NIWA 49968); (B) Botrylloides leachii (NIWA 49998); (C) Botrylloides leachii (NIWA 49986); (D) Botrylloides sp. (NIWA 49967); (E) Botrylloides sp. (NIWA 68096); (F) Synoicum kuranui (NIWA 49977)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193884/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Sand adheres to the sides of the lobes, but the heads and test internally have no incorporated sand (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFE23B56FEBB55DE24FBFA12" box="[373,497,1411,1435]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,211,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[148,1104,166,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-204@4.[144,1104,165,1066]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Botryllus stewartensis (NIWA 49968): (A) part of a colony showing zooids arranged on sand-coated lobes; (B) zooid; (C) testis follicle; (D1, D2) parietal and mesial sides of the stomach. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193882/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Up to 10 zooids are arranged in circular systems around a common cloacal aperture. Several systems may occur on a single head.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE23B57FF74559E219EF911" blockId="4.[144,1104,1212,1690]" lastBlockId="5.[212,1172,1569,1688]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="1657" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">
|
||||
The zooids have a narrow branchial aperture with 12 long oral tentacles. There are three longitudinal vessels on each side of the branchial sac with 10–12 rows of 13 stigmata per half row. The atrial aperture is produced into a short siphon (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFE23B56FF3D567E247AF9B2" box="[243,368,1571,1595]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,211,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[148,1104,166,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-204@4.[144,1104,165,1066]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Botryllus stewartensis (NIWA 49968): (A) part of a colony showing zooids arranged on sand-coated lobes; (B) zooid; (C) testis follicle; (D1, D2) parietal and mesial sides of the stomach. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193882/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There is a single fan-shaped testis follicle with numerous, sometimes divided lobes on each side of the branchial sac (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFE23B56FC8C561F26B1F9D3" box="[834,955,1602,1626]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,211,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[148,1104,166,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-204@4.[144,1104,165,1066]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Botryllus stewartensis (NIWA 49968): (A) part of a colony showing zooids arranged on sand-coated lobes; (B) zooid; (C) testis follicle; (D1, D2) parietal and mesial sides of the stomach. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193882/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1656">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Up to four embryos can be found developing anterior to the testis follicles on each side of the branchial sac. The stomach is oblong with nine continuous folds excluding the typhlosole, which extends into the pyloric region of the stomach (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFE33B57FC27567C216DF9B0" box="[1001,1127,1569,1593]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,211,1097,1119]" captionTargetBox="[148,1104,166,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-204@4.[144,1104,165,1066]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Botryllus stewartensis (NIWA 49968): (A) part of a colony showing zooids arranged on sand-coated lobes; (B) zooid; (C) testis follicle; (D1, D2) parietal and mesial sides of the stomach. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 1 mm; C, D 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193882/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A pyloric caecum approximately half the length of the stomach arises from the pyloric end of the typhlosole, curving in towards the pole of the gut loop. There is a distinctive ‘bulb-like’ protuberance at the distal end of the caecum that varies
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="B08A666BFFE33B57FF1A55E726AFF983" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657" startId="5.[212,279,1466,1488]" targetBox="[212,1172,168,1434]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE33B57FF1A55E726AFF983" blockId="5.[212,1171,1466,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">
|
||||
Figure 3.
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE33B57FEF355E72477FA46" box="[317,381,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
images of: (A)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE33B57FDEF55E727F0FA46" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[545,762,1466,1487]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stewartensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE33B57FDEF55E727F0FA46" box="[545,762,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">Botryllus stewartensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 49968); (B)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE33B57FC1A55E72199FA46" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[980,1171,1466,1487]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botrylloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leachii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE33B57FC1A55E72199FA46" box="[980,1171,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">Botrylloides leachii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 49998); (C)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE33B57FE51558A2756FA65" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[415,604,1495,1516]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botrylloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leachii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE33B57FE51558A2756FA65" box="[415,604,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">Botrylloides leachii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 49986); (D)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE33B57FCFE558A26C0FA64" box="[816,970,1495,1517]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botrylloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE33B57FCFE558A26ADFA65" box="[816,935,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">Botrylloides</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 49967); (E)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE33B57FF1A55A8247AF983" box="[212,368,1524,1546]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botrylloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE33B57FF1A55A82441F983" box="[212,331,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">Botrylloides</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 68096); (F)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE33B57FD8855A827F6F983" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1950" box="[582,764,1525,1546]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuranui">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE33B57FD8855A827F6F983" box="[582,764,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1657">Synoicum kuranui</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 49977).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE03B54FF5E50F5279BFF69" blockId="6.[144,1104,168,224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658">in size among zooids. A pyloric gland is evident on the distal part of the intestine adjacent to the bulbous end of the caecum.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFE03B54FF5E51782605FD0D" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE03B54FF5E517825F8FEB4" blockId="6.[144,1104,293,644]" box="[144,242,293,317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFE03B54FF5E517825F8FEB4" box="[144,242,293,317]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE03B54FF5E517825F8FEB4" box="[144,242,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFE03B54FF5E51102605FD0D" blockId="6.[144,1104,293,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658">
|
||||
The specimens examined from Fiordland closely resemble colony morphology of the Stewart Island
|
||||
<typeStatus id="3B4E8841FFE03B54FEB0513024E8FE0C" box="[382,482,365,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE03B54FD5851302645FE0C" author="Brewin, BI" box="[662,847,365,389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" pagination="439 - 453" refId="ref14319" refString="Brewin, BI. 1958 a. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XI. Ascidians of the Stewart Island region. Trans Royal Soc NZ. 85: 439 - 453." type="journal article" year="1958">Brewin (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The characters that distinguish
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9CE27673FFE03B54FED451D024B1FE2C" box="[282,443,397,421]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and Australian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFE03B54FD4651D02115FE2C" authority="(Kott 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Kott" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[648,1055,397,421]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stewartensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFE03B54FD4651D0268EFE2C" box="[648,900,397,421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658">Botryllus stewartensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE03B54FC5451D0211FFE2C" author="Kott, P" box="[922,1045,397,421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" pagination="440" refId="ref14972" refString="Kott, P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea I. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 23: 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are the arrangement of zooids in circular systems at the terminal end of sandy flattopped lobes, an atrial siphon with a short languet, fan-shaped testis follicles and an inwardly curved lobed caecum on the left side of the stomach. Detailed examination of the stomach morphology shows nine folds excluding the typhlosole, which may have been included as the 10
|
||||
<superScript id="13809BABFFE03B54FD0D527B27DEFDBF" attach="left" box="[707,724,550,566]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658">th</superScript>
|
||||
fold in descriptions by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE03B54FC30527125EFFDED" author="Brewin, BI" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" pagination="439 - 453" refId="ref14319" refString="Brewin, BI. 1958 a. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XI. Ascidians of the Stewart Island region. Trans Royal Soc NZ. 85: 439 - 453." type="journal article" year="1958">Brewin (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFE03B54FEEA521124A4FDED" author="Kott, P" box="[292,430,588,612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1658" pagination="440" refId="ref14972" refString="Kott, P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea I. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 23: 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Neither of these authors noted the presence of a pyloric gland, distinctive in specimens described in this study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
220
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFF63B43FE7D52232178FAC7.xml
Normal file
220
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFF63B43FE7D52232178FAC7.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="D1F9579D9F3C0BD6D1325A668E55489A">
|
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<mods:title id="E8618CF98866F9AFB316638B01791FB8">The colonial ascidian fauna of Fiordland, New Zealand, with a description of two new species</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="8B1FA5C1D556105A2CAA65D35F109671" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E622C0D79F402961AE4646D64B63B9B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E79737D17243E08E4F33490532376E93">Page, M. J.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:namePart id="5D4214E39D3F4A8B737468E8C0037C12">Willis, T. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B805E8A1E1554A94A848D5939985E5C1">Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="71237F7CAB78E45294BFE005E38918E6">Handley, S. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D7C8907B988FDB2E74707A15428A6161">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Nelson, New Zealand;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="76A11C54DF5F2961ECF1F0EB2A5140FB">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="6D2A63B18D212D653E251B31B28DD040">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="D829F4F19B2195A806963AAC5BBA7E43">2014-04-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="09CBBF3D5AD3D1AD36EA98383F676BEA">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="04E9FBAEFCB4651C099658361A789961">27 - 28</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="57CE7578D8F5D3E435D5A136AA0123B9" type="ZooBank">5ADC2C9D-28AC-4348-8B4D-F262A43DEA66</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6C5C87F5FFF63B43FE7D52232178FAC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5195933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C5C87F5FFF63B43FE7D52232178FAC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C5C87F5FFF63B43FE7D52232178FAC7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1669" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFF63B42FE7D52232626FD1F" box="[435,812,638,662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FE7D52232626FD1F" blockId="16.[435,812,638,694]" box="[435,812,638,662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
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<heading id="BF02818FFFF63B42FE7D52232626FD1F" box="[435,812,638,662]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" reason="2">
|
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<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFF63B42FE7D52232626FD1F" ID-CoL="67NQ7" authority="(Brewin, 1946)" baseAuthorityName="Brewin" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[435,812,638,662]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FE7D52232774FD1F" bold="true" box="[435,638,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Aplidium benhami</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF63B42FD405223262FFD1F" author="Brewin, BI" box="[654,805,638,662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" pagination="87 - 131" refId="ref13866" refString="Brewin, BI. 1946. Ascidians in the vicinity of the Portobello Marine Biological Station, Otago Harbour. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 76: 87 - 131." type="journal article" year="1946">Brewin, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFF63B42FDD452C327CFFD3F" box="[538,709,670,694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FDD452C327CFFD3F" blockId="16.[435,812,638,694]" box="[538,709,670,694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFF63B42FDEC52C32786FD3F" box="[546,652,670,694]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[212,279,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetId="figure-154@17.[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Aplidium benhami (NIWA 49993): (A) orange zooid with developing larvae in the peribranchial cavity; (B) larva showing orange pigmentation; (C) larva showing structure of adhesive papillae and lateral ampullae; scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Figures 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFF63B42FD5352C327B7FD3F" box="[669,701,670,694]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[212,279,1432,1454]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[212,1172,168,1400]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. In situ images of: (A) Synoicum occidentalis (NIWA 49972); (B) Synoicum stewartense (NIWA 49984). (C) Aplidium benhami (NIWA 49993,); (D) Aplidium coronum sp. nov. (NIWA 60890); (E) Aplidium coronum sp. nov. (NIWA 49995, holotype); (F) Aplidium phortax (NIWA 9947)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193892/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFF63B42FF5E528326CBFCBF" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FF5E52832475FC9F" blockId="16.[144,1103,734,822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C4E511CDFFF63B42FF5E52832475FC9F" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFF63B42FF5E528327E4FD7F" author="Brewin, BI" box="[144,750,734,758]" page="95" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" year="1946">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFF63B42FF5E528327E4FD7F" ID-CoL="67NQ7" authority="Brewin, 1946: p. 95" authorityName="Brewin" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1946" box="[144,750,734,758]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benhami" subGenus="Amaroucium">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FF5E52832701FD7F" box="[144,523,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Aplidium (Amaroucium) benhami</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF63B42FDDC528327A0FD7F" author="Brewin, BI" box="[530,682,734,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" pagination="87 - 131" refId="ref13866" refString="Brewin, BI. 1946. Ascidians in the vicinity of the Portobello Marine Biological Station, Otago Harbour. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 76: 87 - 131." type="journal article" year="1946">Brewin, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: p. 95
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
–97, fig. 4, pl. 2, figs 1, 4, pl. 3, fig. 3, pl. 5, fig. 1.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FF5E534326CBFCBF" blockId="16.[144,1103,734,822]" box="[144,961,798,822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C4E511CDFFF63B42FF5E534326CBFCBF" box="[144,961,798,822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFF63B42FF5E53432782FCBF" author="Brewin, BI" box="[144,648,798,822]" page="122" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" year="1956">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFF63B42FF5E53432782FCBF" ID-CoL="65YKG" authority="Brewin, 1956 a: p. 122" authorityName="Brewin" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1956" box="[144,648,798,822]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Amaroucium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FF5E5343248EFCBF" box="[144,388,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Amaroucium benhami</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF63B42FE4253432739FCBF" author="Brewin, BI" box="[396,563,798,822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref14224" refString="Brewin, BI. 1956 a. Ascidians from the Chatham Islands and the Chatham Rise. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 84: 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin, 1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: p. 122
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
; 1958a: p. 439; 1960: p119.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFF63B42FF5E53D72477FBC0" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FF5E53D72469FC2B" blockId="16.[144,1104,906,1097]" box="[144,355,906,930]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFF63B42FF5E53D72469FC2B" box="[144,355,906,930]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FF5E53D72469FC2B" box="[144,355,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FF5E53EF2762FC60" blockId="16.[144,1104,906,1097]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FF5E53EF242BFC43" box="[144,289,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">New records</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="549D3CBEFFF63B42FEF653EC276FFC60" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="7" latitude="-45.2197" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="166.9776" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" specimenCode="NIWA 49993" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
Thompson Sound, Crayfish heights (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFF63B42FD3653EC2684FC40" box="[760,910,945,970]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="13.182" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" precision="1" value="-45.2197">45° 13.182’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFF63B42FC6D53EC2141FC40" box="[931,1099,945,970]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="58.656" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" precision="1" value="166.9776">166° 58.656’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFF63B42FF5E538C25EDFC60" box="[144,231,977,1001]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFF63B42FF5E538C25EDFC60" box="[144,231,977,1001]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
, 30 January.2006,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFF63B42FE70538C2756FC60" box="[446,604,977,1001]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49993</specimenCode>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FF7453AF2477FBC0" blockId="16.[144,1104,906,1097]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FF7453AF2492FB83" box="[186,408,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Previously recorded</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9CE27673FFF63B42FE6453AC2743FB80" box="[426,585,1009,1033]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, South Island; Portobello Peninsula (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF63B42FC3053AC25CFFBA0" author="Brewin, BI" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" pagination="87 - 131" refId="ref13866" refString="Brewin, BI. 1946. Ascidians in the vicinity of the Portobello Marine Biological Station, Otago Harbour. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 76: 87 - 131." type="journal article" year="1946">Brewin 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2631F801FFF63B42FF2E544C24A9FBA0" box="[224,419,1041,1065]" country="New Zealand" name="Chatham Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Chatham Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF63B42FE78544C275FFBA0" author="Brewin, BI" box="[438,597,1041,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref14224" refString="Brewin, BI. 1956 a. Ascidians from the Chatham Islands and the Chatham Rise. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 84: 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin 1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Stewart Island (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF63B42FCE7544C26C2FBA0" author="Brewin, BI" box="[809,968,1041,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" pagination="439 - 453" refId="ref14319" refString="Brewin, BI. 1958 a. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XI. Ascidians of the Stewart Island region. Trans Royal Soc NZ. 85: 439 - 453." type="journal article" year="1958">Brewin 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and Cook Strait (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF63B42FF10546C2467FBC0" author="Brewin, BI" box="[222,365,1073,1097]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" pagination="119 - 120" refId="ref14420" refString="Brewin, BI. 1960. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XIII. Ascidians of the Cook Strait region. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 88: 119 - 120." type="journal article" year="1960">Brewin 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFF63B42FF5E54C026DFF912" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FF5E54C02405FB3C" blockId="16.[144,1104,1181,1691]" box="[144,271,1181,1205]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFF63B42FF5E54C02405FB3C" box="[144,271,1181,1205]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FF5E54C02405FB3C" box="[144,271,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF63B42FF5E549826DFF912" blockId="16.[144,1104,1181,1691]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFF63B42FF5E5498245DFB54" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1946" box="[144,343,1221,1245]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF63B42FF5E5498245DFB54" box="[144,343,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Aplidium benhami</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has characteristic small orange vase-shaped colonies arising from a short narrow stalk. The colony heads, approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFF63B42FD1454B8262CFB74" box="[730,806,1253,1277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||||
high, can be joined at their base to form diffuse aggregations in a larger colony (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFF63B42FD0055592634FA95" box="[718,830,1284,1308]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[212,279,1432,1454]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-54@13.[212,1172,168,1400]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. In situ images of: (A) Synoicum occidentalis (NIWA 49972); (B) Synoicum stewartense (NIWA 49984). (C) Aplidium benhami (NIWA 49993,); (D) Aplidium coronum sp. nov. (NIWA 60890); (E) Aplidium coronum sp. nov. (NIWA 49995, holotype); (F) Aplidium phortax (NIWA 9947)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193892/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Figure 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The hemispherical tops of the colony heads contain up to 60 zooids in a soft, sand-free gelatinous test. The orange zooids form stellate systems around indistinct common cloacal apertures. The rim of zooid branchial apertures is pigmented white and the atrial aperture surmounted by three lappets, the central one being the longest of the three. Zooids measure approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFF63B42FF5E55F925C5FA35" box="[144,207,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long, and the post-abdomen encompasses half of the total length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFF63B42FC5155F92118FA35" box="[927,1042,1444,1468]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[212,279,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetId="figure-154@17.[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Aplidium benhami (NIWA 49993): (A) orange zooid with developing larvae in the peribranchial cavity; (B) larva showing orange pigmentation; (C) larva showing structure of adhesive papillae and lateral ampullae; scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The branchial sac has 11 rows of 12–13 stigmata per half row. The stomach is barrel-shaped with 23–29 discontinuous folds. Testis follicles occur in paired rows in the posterior threequarters of the post-abdomen and the ovary lies above at the anterior end. Bright orange embryos are crowded in the atrial cavity, which is bulged into a brood pouch to accommodate the large larvae,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFF63B42FE3E561E2759F9D2" box="[496,595,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in trunk length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFF63B42FCDA561E268CF9D2" box="[788,902,1603,1627]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[212,279,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetId="figure-154@17.[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Aplidium benhami (NIWA 49993): (A) orange zooid with developing larvae in the peribranchial cavity; (B) larva showing orange pigmentation; (C) larva showing structure of adhesive papillae and lateral ampullae; scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Figure 9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The larvae have three slender median ampullae alternating between three adhesive papillae arranged along the median line and four short lateral ampullae each side (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFF63B42FC9B56DE26CDF912" box="[853,967,1667,1691]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="17.[212,279,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetId="figure-154@17.[212,1172,168,900]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 9. Aplidium benhami (NIWA 49993): (A) orange zooid with developing larvae in the peribranchial cavity; (B) larva showing orange pigmentation; (C) larva showing structure of adhesive papillae and lateral ampullae; scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1668">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="B08A666BFFF73B43FF1A53F926D3FC7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193896/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" startId="17.[212,279,932,954]" targetBox="[212,1172,168,900]" targetPageId="17">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF73B43FF1A53F926D3FC7D" blockId="17.[212,1172,932,1012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">
|
||||
Figure 9.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFF73B43FEF053F924FFFC30" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1946" box="[318,501,932,953]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF73B43FEF053F924FFFC30" box="[318,501,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">Aplidium benhami</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NIWA 49993): (A) orange zooid with developing larvae in the peribranchial cavity; (B) larva showing orange pigmentation; (C) larva showing structure of adhesive papillae and lateral ampullae; scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFF73B43FF1A54722178FAC7" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF73B43FF1A5472243CFBCE" blockId="17.[212,1172,1071,1358]" box="[212,310,1071,1095]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFF73B43FF1A5472243CFBCE" box="[212,310,1071,1095]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF73B43FF1A5472243CFBCE" box="[212,310,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFF73B43FF1A540A2178FAC7" blockId="17.[212,1172,1071,1358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">
|
||||
Fiordland species closely resemble the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="3B4E8841FFF73B43FD58540A27CCFBE6" box="[662,710,1111,1135]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimen from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2631F801FFF73B43FC4C540A26C2FBE6" box="[898,968,1111,1135]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">Otago</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF73B43FC14540A2161FBE6" author="Brewin, BI" box="[986,1131,1111,1135]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" pagination="87 - 131" refId="ref13866" refString="Brewin, BI. 1946. Ascidians in the vicinity of the Portobello Marine Biological Station, Otago Harbour. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 76: 87 - 131." type="journal article" year="1946">Brewin 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) in colour, colony and zooid morphology. However, Brewin did not note the presence of a brood pouch, or show detail of the arrangement of ampullae on lateral and median sides of the tadpole. The
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFF73B43FE3354EB275FFB47" box="[509,597,1206,1230]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long tadpole measured by Brewin is significantly greater than the trunk length of larvae from our material (
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFF73B43FC67548B2112FB67" box="[937,1048,1238,1262]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
|
||||
). Brewin’ s measurement probably referred to the total larval length.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFF73B43FCB954AA26D6FA86" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[887,988,1271,1295]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF73B43FCB954AA26D6FA86" box="[887,988,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">Aplidium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae are generally less than 1.0 mm trunk length with few exceptions; e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF73B43FC7B554B2137FAA7" author="Kott, P" box="[949,1085,1302,1326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" pagination="375 - 620" refId="ref15025" refString="Kott, P. 1992. The Australian ascidiacea III. Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 32: 375 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
named
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFF73B43FF1A556B275EFAC7" authority="Kott, 1992" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[212,596,1334,1358]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnilarvum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFF73B43FF1A556B24DBFAC7" box="[212,465,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669">Aplidium magnilarvum</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFF73B43FE14556B275EFAC7" author="Kott, P" box="[474,596,1334,1358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" pagination="375 - 620" refId="ref15025" refString="Kott, P. 1992. The Australian ascidiacea III. Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 32: 375 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
after the large
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFF73B43FCC8556B2642FAC7" box="[774,840,1334,1358]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="1669" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long larva (trunk length).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
225
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFFA3B4EFE5351C226A1F91A.xml
Normal file
225
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFFA3B4EFE5351C226A1F91A.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
|
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|
||||
<treatment id="6C5C87F5FFFA3B4EFE5351C226A1F91A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5195937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5195937" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C5C87F5FFFA3B4EFE5351C226A1F91A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C5C87F5FFFA3B4EFE5351C226A1F91A" lastPageNumber="1680" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFA3B4EFE5351C22648FE3E" box="[413,834,415,439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFE5351C22648FE3E" blockId="28.[413,834,415,471]" box="[413,834,415,439]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFA3B4EFE5351C22648FE3E" box="[413,834,415,439]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFE5351C22648FE3E" ID-CoL="35WQY" authority="Brewin, 1956" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1956" box="[413,834,415,439]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithostrotum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFE5351C227AEFE3E" bold="true" box="[413,676,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Didemnum lithostrotum</emphasis>
|
||||
Brewin, 1956
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFA3B4EFDE951E227B2FE5E" box="[551,696,447,471]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFDE951E227B2FE5E" blockId="28.[413,834,415,471]" box="[551,696,447,471]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFA3B4EFDFE51E227BAFE5E" box="[560,688,447,471]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[144,211,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-61@22.[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. In situ images of: (A) Eudistoma circumvallatum (NIWA 49966); (B) Pseudodistoma cereum (NIWA 49992); (C) Pseudodistoma novaezelandiae (MNP7398) from the Kermadec Islands; (D) Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype); (E) Didemnum jucundum (NIWA 10873); (F) Didemnum lithostrotum (NIWA 49980)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193900/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Figure 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFA3B4EFF5E51A22782FDBE" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E51A22697FD9E" blockId="28.[144,925,511,567]" box="[144,925,511,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C4E511CDFFFA3B4EFF5E51A22697FD9E" box="[144,925,511,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFFA3B4EFF5E51A22792FD9E" author="Brewin, BI" box="[144,664,511,535]" page="127" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" year="1956">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFF5E51A22792FD9E" ID-CoL="35WQY" authority="Brewin, 1956 a: p. 127" authorityName="Brewin" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1956" box="[144,664,511,535]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithostrotum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF5E51A2249DFD9E" box="[144,407,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Didemnum lithostrotum</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFE5151A2274CFD9E" author="Brewin, BI" box="[415,582,511,535]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref14224" refString="Brewin, BI. 1956 a. Ascidians from the Chatham Islands and the Chatham Rise. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 84: 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin, 1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: p. 127
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
–129, figs 3A
|
||||
<subScript id="787134A6FFFA3B4EFCE152542633FD90" attach="left" box="[815,825,521,537]" fontSize="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">1</subScript>
|
||||
, A
|
||||
<subScript id="787134A6FFFA3B4EFC9052542662FD90" attach="right" box="[862,872,521,537]" fontSize="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">2</subScript>
|
||||
, A
|
||||
<subScript id="787134A6FFFA3B4EFC425254269CFD90" attach="left" box="[908,918,521,537]" fontSize="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">3</subScript>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E52422782FDBE" blockId="28.[144,925,511,567]" box="[144,648,543,567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C4E511CDFFFA3B4EFF5E52422782FDBE" box="[144,648,543,567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFFA3B4EFF5E52422753FDBE" author="Millar, RH" box="[144,601,543,567]" page="49" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" year="1982">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFF5E52422753FDBE" ID-CoL="35WQY" authority=": Millar 1982: 49" authorityName=": Millar" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1982" box="[144,601,543,567]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithostrotum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF5E5242249DFDBE" box="[144,407,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Didemnum lithostrotum</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFE6952422753FDBE" author="Millar, RH" box="[423,601,543,567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" refId="ref15362" refString="Millar, RH. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea. New Zealand Oceanogr Mem. 85: 114 pp." type="book" year="1982">Millar 1982: 49</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, 51.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFA3B4EFF5E52D127EDFCA2" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E52D12469FD2D" blockId="28.[144,1104,652,811]" box="[144,355,652,676]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFA3B4EFF5E52D12469FD2D" box="[144,355,652,676]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF5E52D12469FD2D" box="[144,355,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E52E92706FD62" blockId="28.[144,1104,652,811]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF5E52E9241AFD45" box="[144,272,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">New record</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="549D3CBEFFFA3B4EFEEE52E92702FD62" collectingDate="2009-02-03" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="20" latitude="-45.016834" location="Caswell Sound" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="167.14" municipality="Paua Bay" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" specimenCode="NIWA 49980" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<location id="E12A6038FFFA3B4EFEEE52E924C1FD45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C5C87F5FFFA3B4EFE5351C226A1F91A:E12A6038FFFA3B4EFEEE52E924C1FD45" box="[288,459,692,716]" latitude="-45.016834" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="167.14" municipality="Paua Bay" name="Caswell Sound" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Caswell Sound</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="042EAC99FFFA3B4EFE1652E9274CFD45" box="[472,582,692,716]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Paua Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFA3B4EFD9952E927D3FD45" box="[599,729,692,716]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="01.01" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" precision="9" value="-45.016834">45° 01.01’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFA3B4EFD2952E92670FD45" box="[743,890,692,716]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="08.40" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" precision="9" value="167.14">167° 08.40’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFA3B4EFC4652E926CEFD45" box="[904,964,692,716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFFA3B4EFC4652E926CEFD45" box="[904,964,692,716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFA3B4EFC1F52E925C2FD62" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" value="2009-02-03">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFFA3B4EFC1F52E925C2FD62" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" value="2009-02-03">3 February 2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFA3B4EFF1B528E2478FD62" box="[213,370,723,747]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49980</specimenCode>
|
||||
, one colony)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF7452A927EDFCA2" blockId="28.[144,1104,652,811]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF7452A9249DFC85" box="[186,407,756,780]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Previously recorded</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9CE27673FFFA3B4EFE6752AE2743FC82" box="[425,585,755,779]" name="New Zealand" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2631F801FFFA3B4EFD9952AE2610FC82" box="[599,794,755,779]" country="New Zealand" name="Chatham Islands" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Chatham Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFCE352AE26C6FC82" author="Brewin, BI" box="[813,972,755,779]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref14224" refString="Brewin, BI. 1956 a. Ascidians from the Chatham Islands and the Chatham Rise. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 84: 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin 1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Chatham Rise (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFF1F534E2464FCA2" author="Brewin, BI" box="[209,366,787,811]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref14224" refString="Brewin, BI. 1956 a. Ascidians from the Chatham Islands and the Chatham Rise. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 84: 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin 1956a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Stewart Island (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFDF4534E27DDFCA2" author="Brewin, BI" box="[570,727,787,811]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" pagination="439 - 453" refId="ref14319" refString="Brewin, BI. 1958 a. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XI. Ascidians of the Stewart Island region. Trans Royal Soc NZ. 85: 439 - 453." type="journal article" year="1958">Brewin 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFA3B4EFF5E53DD242CFB56" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E53DD2405FC11" blockId="28.[144,1104,896,1247]" box="[144,271,896,920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFA3B4EFF5E53DD2405FC11" box="[144,271,896,920]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF5E53DD2405FC11" box="[144,271,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E53F5242CFB56" blockId="28.[144,1104,896,1247]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
The pink/orange (YR 7/6) colony from Caswell Sound is
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFA3B4EFCF053F52689FC49" box="[830,899,936,960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
thick, encrusting on the brachiopod
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFEB0539527ADFC69" box="[382,679,968,992]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Terebratulidae" genus="Liothyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebratulida" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="neozealandica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFEB0539527ADFC69" box="[382,679,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Liothyrella neozealandica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The test is divided into irregular polygonal areas, each with a central common cloacal aperture (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFA3B4EFC7853B5214BFB89" box="[950,1089,1000,1024]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[144,211,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-61@22.[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. In situ images of: (A) Eudistoma circumvallatum (NIWA 49966); (B) Pseudodistoma cereum (NIWA 49992); (C) Pseudodistoma novaezelandiae (MNP7398) from the Kermadec Islands; (D) Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype); (E) Didemnum jucundum (NIWA 10873); (F) Didemnum lithostrotum (NIWA 49980)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193900/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Figure 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Spicules occur throughout the colony, although more are concentrated in a layer near the surface and at the substratum. They have eight rounded rays in optical cross-section and measure 40–70 µm in diameter. The zooids are
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFA3B4EFC67541A26E5FBD6" box="[937,1007,1095,1119]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long in fixed material, the branchial aperture is relatively tall with six low pointed lobes, and the atrial aperture is smooth rimmed with a short simple lappet. The stomach is small and globular. There are two testis follicles with six to seven coils of the vas deferens.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFA3B4EFF5E556926A1F91A" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E556925F8FAC5" blockId="28.[144,1104,1332,1683]" box="[144,242,1332,1356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFA3B4EFF5E556925F8FAC5" box="[144,242,1332,1356]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF5E556925F8FAC5" box="[144,242,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFA3B4EFF5E550126A1F91A" blockId="28.[144,1104,1332,1683]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">
|
||||
Possible synonymy of this species to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFD4B5501211AFAFD" authority="(Nott 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Nott" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[645,1040,1372,1396]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="densum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFD4B5501266DFAFD" box="[645,871,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Didemnum densum</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFC4B5501210DFAFD" author="Nott, JT" box="[901,1031,1372,1396]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" pagination="305 - 334" refId="ref15544" refString="Nott, JT. 1892. On the composite ascidians of the North Shore reef. Trans Proc New Zealand Inst. 24: 305 - 334." type="journal article" year="1892">Nott 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was mentioned by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFEF4552124D2FA1D" author="Millar, RH" box="[314,472,1404,1428]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" refId="ref15362" refString="Millar, RH. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea. New Zealand Oceanogr Mem. 85: 114 pp." type="book" year="1982">Millar (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. We have placed the Fiordland colony in the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFF5E55C124AAFA3D" authorityName=": Millar" authorityYear="1982" box="[144,416,1436,1460]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithostrotum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFF5E55C124AAFA3D" box="[144,416,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Didemnum lithostrotum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the southern distribution of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="3B4E8841FFFA3B4EFC6255C6211EFA3A" box="[940,1044,1435,1459]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, and different morphology of the tunic (not in polygonal pattern in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFCA355E126ECFA5D" baseAuthorityName="Nott" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[877,998,1468,1492]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="densum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFCA355E126ECFA5D" box="[877,998,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">D. densum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and the branchial aperture lobes. The zooids in the current species are smaller than given by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFF7455A6247AF99A" author="Brewin, BI" box="[186,368,1531,1555]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" pagination="121 - 137" refId="ref14224" refString="Brewin, BI. 1956 a. Ascidians from the Chatham Islands and the Chatham Rise. Trans Proc Royal Soc New Zealand. 84: 121 - 137." type="journal article" year="1956">Brewin (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, but this is because they were contracted on collection and preservation.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFEFF56462700F9BA" baseAuthorityName="Nott" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[305,522,1563,1587]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="densum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFEFF56462700F9BA" box="[305,522,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">Didemnum densum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in relaxed colonies has a branchial siphon with needle-like lobes whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFE1E5666278FF9DA" authorityName=": Millar" authorityYear="1982" box="[464,645,1595,1619]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithostrotum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFE1E5666278FF9DA" box="[464,645,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">D. lithostrotum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
does not. An
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFC8656662684F9DA" box="[840,910,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">in-situ</emphasis>
|
||||
photograph by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFA3B4EFF5E56062431F9FA" author="Stocker, LJ" box="[144,315,1627,1651]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" refId="ref15903" refString="Stocker, LJ. 1985. An identification guide to some common New Zealand ascidians. University of Auckland Leigh Marine Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand. 74 p." type="book" year="1985">Stocker (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFA3B4EFE2B5606276BF9FA" baseAuthorityName="Nott" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[485,609,1627,1651]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="densum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFA3B4EFE2B5606276BF9FA" box="[485,609,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1680">D. densum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows polygonal pattern in the tunic; it could be a misidentification because this is an important character.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
346
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFFE3B49FE1F55FD2123FDF6.xml
Normal file
346
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFFE3B49FE1F55FD2123FDF6.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="4158BE5149E327A69898EFB369D31EF7">The colonial ascidian fauna of Fiordland, New Zealand, with a description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CAC4197602F835E0BE1D747C074A9F29" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="56D151074F9FB3D8CCCD753EA5F5D655">Page, M. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="E7598C923018EFB818DE7392D2162B5C">Willis, T. J.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="2330F85BB5685EC5EFCC39A98239F65B">Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A83A44823B7120B623E859FC7D7E7C69">Handley, S. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C46A816B947352306A7C99BAEC6FC35D">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Nelson, New Zealand;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number id="5410B6C48C0D57F9DA5C5329D269C8C6">27 - 28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6C5C87F5FFFE3B49FE1F55FD2123FDF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7223091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7223091" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58732CEF-7C0C-4C6E-87B5-A2D2284EDF18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C5C87F5FFFE3B49FE1F55FD2123FDF6" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="1678" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
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<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFE3B4AFE1F55FD2604FA31" box="[465,782,1440,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFE1F55FD2604FA31" blockId="24.[412,835,1408,1496]" box="[465,782,1440,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
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<heading id="BF02818FFFFE3B4AFE1F55FD2604FA31" box="[465,782,1440,1464]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" reason="2">
|
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<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFE3B4AFE1F55FD27A6FA31" ID-CoL="58NZM" authority="Page & Willis & Handley, 2014" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[465,684,1440,1464]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFE1F55FD27A6FA31" bold="true" box="[465,684,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Trididemnum shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDB2578AFFFE3B4AFD7A55FD2604FA31" box="[692,782,1440,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFE3B4AFDC5559D27DEFA51" box="[523,724,1472,1496]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFDC5559D27DEFA51" blockId="24.[412,835,1408,1496]" box="[523,724,1472,1496]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFE3B4AFDDD559D2781FA51" box="[531,651,1472,1496]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-73@25.[212,1172,168,1353]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Figures 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFE3B4AFD55559D27C6FA51" box="[667,716,1472,1496]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[144,211,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-61@22.[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. In situ images of: (A) Eudistoma circumvallatum (NIWA 49966); (B) Pseudodistoma cereum (NIWA 49992); (C) Pseudodistoma novaezelandiae (MNP7398) from the Kermadec Islands; (D) Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype); (E) Didemnum jucundum (NIWA 10873); (F) Didemnum lithostrotum (NIWA 49980)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193900/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">11D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFE3B48FF5E564125EEFF69" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1678" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E56412426F9BD" blockId="24.[144,1104,1564,1691]" box="[144,300,1564,1588]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFE3B4AFF5E56412426F9BD" box="[144,300,1564,1588]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E56412426F9BD" box="[144,300,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Type material</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E561924A2F9D2" blockId="24.[144,1104,1564,1691]" box="[144,424,1603,1628]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="549D3CBEFFFE3B4AFF5E561924A2F9D2" box="[144,424,1603,1628]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" specimenCode="NIWA 10872" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E561925FDF9D5" box="[144,247,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="3B4E8841FFFE3B4AFF5E561925FDF9D5" box="[144,247,1604,1628]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFE3B4AFEC8561E24AEF9D2" box="[262,420,1603,1627]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 10872</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF74563E272CF912" blockId="24.[144,1104,1564,1691]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF74563E2446F9F2" box="[186,332,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Type locality</emphasis>
|
||||
: Fiordland, Crayfish Heights, Thompson Sound (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFE3B4AFC4F563E211AF9F2" box="[897,1040,1635,1659]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="14.279" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" precision="1" value="-45.237984">45° 14.279’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFE3B4AFBD3563E25FFF912" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="59.566" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" precision="1" value="166.99277">166° 59.566’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFECC56DE2435F912" box="[258,319,1667,1691]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFE3B4AFE8256DE2711F912" box="[332,539,1667,1691]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" value="2006-02-31">31 February 2006</date>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="B08A666BFFFF3B4BFF1A553424A9FA5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" startId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" targetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" targetPageId="25">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFF3B4BFF1A553424A9FA5F" blockId="25.[212,1172,1385,1494]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677">
|
||||
Figure 12.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFF3B4BFE8655342706FAF7" authority="Page & Willis & Handley, 2014" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[328,524,1385,1406]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFF3B4BFE8655342706FAF7" box="[328,524,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677">Trididemnum shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDB2578AFFFF3B4BFDDA5534276FFAF6" box="[532,613,1385,1407]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFF3B4BFF30565E219EF913" blockId="25.[212,1172,1539,1690]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="549D3CBEFFFF3B4BFF30565E219EF913" collectingDate="2006-02-31" collectingDateMax="2009-02-28" collectingDateMin="2006-02-31" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="10" latitude="-45.73728" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="166.88664" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" specimenCode="NIWA 87166, NIWA 49945, NIWA 49960" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFF3B4BFF30565E2465F992" box="[254,367,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="3B4E8841FFFF3B4BFF30565E2465F992" box="[254,367,1539,1563]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: Fiordland, Crayfish Heights, Thompson Sound (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFF3B4BFC73565E215BF992" box="[957,1105,1539,1563]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="14.279" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" precision="1" value="-45.237984">45° 14.279’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFF3B4BFBAE565E2430F9B2" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="59.566" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" precision="1" value="166.99277">166° 59.566’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFF3B4BFE86567E248FF9B2" box="[328,389,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFFF3B4BFE86567E248FF9B2" box="[328,389,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFF3B4BFE5C567E2768F9B2" box="[402,610,1571,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" value="2006-02-31">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFFF3B4BFE5C567E2768F9B2" box="[402,610,1571,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" value="2006-02-31">31 February 2006</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFF3B4BFDA1567E2605F9B2" box="[623,783,1571,1595]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 87166</specimenCode>
|
||||
); The Narrows, Long Sound (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFF3B4BFBA3567E243DF9D3" degrees="46" direction="south" minutes="03.829" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" precision="1" value="-46.063816">46° 03.829’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFF3B4BFE88561F24D7F9D3" box="[326,477,1602,1626]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="44.16" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" precision="9" value="166.736">166° 44.16’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFF3B4BFE22561F2720F9D3" box="[492,554,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" unit="m" value="13.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFFF3B4BFE22561F2720F9D3" box="[492,554,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFF3B4BFDF7561F2602F9D3" box="[569,776,1602,1626]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" value="2009-02-28">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFFF3B4BFDF7561F2602F9D3" box="[569,776,1602,1626]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" value="2009-02-28">28 February 2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFF3B4BFCDD561F26B9F9D3" box="[787,947,1602,1626]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49945</specimenCode>
|
||||
, one colony); Nine Fathom Passage, Dusky Sound (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFF3B4BFD43563F263AF9F3" box="[653,816,1634,1658]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="44.237" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" precision="1" value="-45.73728">45° 44.237’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFF3B4BFC83563F210AF9F3" box="[845,1024,1634,1658]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="53.199" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" precision="1" value="166.88664">166° 53.199’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFF3B4BFBD3563F2160F9F3" box="[1053,1130,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" unit="m" value="16.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFFF3B4BFBD3563F2160F9F3" box="[1053,1130,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFF3B4BFB48563F248EF913" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" value="2009-02-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFFF3B4BFB48563F248EF913" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" value="2009-02-01">1 February 2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFF3B4BFE5B56DF2733F913" box="[405,569,1666,1690]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="25" pageNumber="1677" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49960</specimenCode>
|
||||
, one colony); Sunday Cove, Breaksea Sound (45°
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF5E50F525EEFF69" blockId="26.[144,1104,168,224]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="549D3CBEFFFC3B48FF5E50F525D3FF69" collectingDate="2012-04-18" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="10" latitude="-35.89" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="166.743" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" specimenCode="NIWA 68138, 68139, 68140, 68141" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFC3B48FF5E50F525D5FF49" box="[144,223,168,192]" degrees="35.89" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" precision="555" value="-35.89">35.89S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFC3B48FF2250F5248BFF49" box="[236,385,168,192]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="44.58" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" precision="9" value="166.743">166° 44.58’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFC3B48FE4150F524C1FF49" box="[399,459,168,192]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFFC3B48FE4150F524C1FF49" box="[399,459,168,192]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFC3B48FE1650F52773FF49" box="[472,633,168,192]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" value="2012-04-18">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFFC3B48FE1650F52773FF49" box="[472,633,168,192]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" value="2012-04-18">18 April 2012</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFC3B48FD4850F5262FFF49" box="[646,805,168,192]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 68138</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFC3B48FCFC50F52673FF49" box="[818,889,168,192]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" type="Other institutional type">68139</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFC3B48FC4B50F526C6FF49" box="[901,972,168,192]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" type="Other institutional type">68140</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFC3B48FC1750F52117FF49" box="[985,1053,168,192]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" type="Other institutional type">68141</specimenCode>
|
||||
and 68142
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFC3B48FF5E51442402FEF1" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF5E51442403FEB8" blockId="26.[144,1104,281,376]" box="[144,265,281,305]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFC3B48FF5E51442403FEB8" box="[144,265,281,305]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FF5E51442403FEB8" box="[144,265,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF5E511C2402FEF1" blockId="26.[144,1104,281,376]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Named after Lance Shaw in recognition of his lifetime passion for conservation in Fiordland.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFC3B48FF5E51E126F6FA71" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF5E51E12405FE5D" blockId="26.[144,1104,444,1528]" box="[144,271,444,468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFC3B48FF5E51E12405FE5D" box="[144,271,444,468]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FF5E51E12405FE5D" box="[144,271,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF5E51B92795FCB2" blockId="26.[144,1104,444,1528]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
The colonies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFC3B48FE8551B9272DFE75" authority="Page & Willis & Handley, 2014" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[331,551,484,508]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FE8551B9272DFE75" box="[331,551,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Trididemnum shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDB2578AFFFC3B48FDFF51B92786FE75" box="[561,652,484,508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
are irregular shaped cushions reaching
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFC3B48FF5E525925E7FD95" box="[144,237,516,540]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long and
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFC3B48FEAD525924B8FD95" box="[355,434,516,540]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||||
high. They have large terminal common cloacal apertures (
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFC3B48FF56527925D7FDB5" box="[152,221,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
diameter) located at the proximal end of upright lobes in the colony. The colony is supported by positive hydrostatic pressure and basal test core expanded into the centre of large common cloacal cavities that collapse on removal from water. Colonies are peach coloured (YR 7/8) with characteristic clusters of red pigment cells scattered randomly throughout the test (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFC3B48FD9152FE27EFFD32" box="[607,741,675,699]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="22.[144,211,1402,1424]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-61@22.[144,1104,168,1370]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 11. In situ images of: (A) Eudistoma circumvallatum (NIWA 49966); (B) Pseudodistoma cereum (NIWA 49992); (C) Pseudodistoma novaezelandiae (MNP7398) from the Kermadec Islands; (D) Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype); (E) Didemnum jucundum (NIWA 10873); (F) Didemnum lithostrotum (NIWA 49980)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193900/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Figure 11D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The texture is gelatinous with zooids regularly packed around the outside edge and sparse spicules concentrated in a layer around zooid branchial apertures. The inner test below the zooid thoraces has no spicules. Developing larvae are present in the test surrounding posterior abdominal cavities in colonies from Breaksea Sound.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF74531F2636FAF1" blockId="26.[144,1104,444,1528]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
The zooids are small, the thoraces measuring
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFC3B48FD77531F2611FCD3" box="[697,795,834,858]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and abdomen
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFC3B48FC0D531F211DFCD3" box="[963,1047,834,858]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long in contracted specimens. There are reticulated posterior abdominal canals running below a single layer of zooids. The canals connect to a central common cloacal cavity in the anterior half of the colony, the centre supported by an extension of the basal test. The zooid branchial aperture has six sharply pointed lobes, and the atrial aperture is a sessile opening in the centre of the thorax. The branchial sac has three rows of stigmata and a small lateral thoracic organ each side adjacent to the third row of stigmata (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFC3B48FEED547F24A0FBB3" box="[291,426,1058,1082]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-73@25.[212,1172,168,1353]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Figure 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The number and shape of stigmata are difficult to determine due to contraction of the thorax. There is a long retractor muscle originating from the base of the thorax. The gut has a smooth globular stomach and the intestine is wide with constrictions occurring between duodenum, posterior stomach and rectum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFC3B48FF3F54FC2473FB30" box="[241,377,1185,1209]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-73@25.[212,1172,168,1353]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Figure 12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There is a single large dome-shaped testis follicle with a vas deferens tightly coiled 10–11 times anticlockwise (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFC3B48FD02549C2644FB50" box="[716,846,1217,1241]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-73@25.[212,1172,168,1353]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Figure 12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); a large ovum lies on the anterior dorsal side of the testis. Developed larvae in colonies collected in
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFC3B48FBDA54BC25CFFA90" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" value="2012-04">April 2012</date>
|
||||
from Breaksea Sound (NIWA68138) are large (trunk length
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFC3B48FC4F555C26D2FA90" box="[897,984,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) and have four stout lateral ampullae crowded each side of three slender adhesive papillae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFC3B48FF56551C2410FAD0" box="[152,282,1345,1369]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-73@25.[212,1172,168,1353]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Figure 12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Zooids in these colonies have no testis, suggesting that the reproductive season has ended, but the brooded larvae are still maturing.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF7455DD26F6FA71" blockId="26.[144,1104,444,1528]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
Stellate spicules are present in a layer around the zooid thoraces and range in size from <20–75 μm (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFC3B48FE9955FD24D2FA31" box="[343,472,1440,1464]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-73@25.[212,1172,168,1353]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Figure 12D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Small fine spicules with delicate needle-like rays ranging from 15–40 µm in diameter were also observed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7CCE2A66FFFC3B48FD75559D2630FA51" box="[699,826,1472,1496]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[212,279,1385,1407]" captionTargetBox="[213,1172,169,1352]" captionTargetId="figure-73@25.[212,1172,168,1353]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Trididemnum shawi sp. nov. (NIWA 10872, holotype): (A) zooid; (B) testis follicle, (C) larva; (D) scanning electromicrograph of stellate spicules with conical rays; (E) micrograph (×400 magnification) of recrystallised spicule (arrow) with rod-like rays; scale bars: A, C 1.0 mm; B, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5193902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5193902/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Figure 12E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and indicate that some dissolution and subsequent calcification occurred during and after preservation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFC3B49FF5E56612123FDF6" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="1679" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B48FF5E566125F8F9DD" blockId="26.[144,1104,1596,1692]" box="[144,242,1596,1620]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFC3B48FF5E566125F8F9DD" box="[144,242,1596,1620]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FF5E566125F8F9DD" box="[144,242,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFC3B49FF5E563E2123FDF6" blockId="26.[144,1104,1596,1692]" lastBlockId="27.[212,1172,168,639]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="1679" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">
|
||||
Of nine species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFC3B48FEB656392706F9F5" authorityName="Della Valle" authorityYear="1881" box="[376,524,1636,1660]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FEB656392706F9F5" box="[376,524,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Trididemnum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
described with sessile atrial openings similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFC3B48FF5E56D92462F915" authority="Page & Willis & Handley, 2014" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[144,360,1668,1692]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FF5E56D92462F915" box="[144,360,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Trididemnum shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDB2578AFFFC3B48FEBE56DE24C1F912" box="[368,459,1667,1691]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFC3B48FE1956D92684F912" authority="Michaelsen, 1921" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1921" box="[471,910,1667,1692]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FE1956D927C9F915" box="[471,707,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">Trididemnum cyclops</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFC3B48FD0456DE2684F912" author="Michaelsen, W" box="[714,910,1667,1691]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref15255" refString="Michaelsen, W. 1921. Ascidien vom westlichen Indeschen Ozean aus dem Reichmuseum zu Stockholm. Arkiv foer Zoologi. 13: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1921">Michaelsen, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFC3B49FC0956D92444FF49" authority="Kott, 1977" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1977" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="1679" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miniatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFC3B48FC0956D9215AF915" box="[967,1104,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1678">T. miniatum</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFD3B49FF1A50F52444FF49" author="Kott, P" box="[212,334,168,192]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" refId="ref14915" refString="Kott, P. 1977 Algal-supporting didemnid ascidians for the Great Barrier Reef. In: Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef Symposium; Maiami: University of Maiami." type="book" year="1977">Kott, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have only six, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FDFE50F52627FF49" authority="Kott, 1980" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1980" box="[560,813,168,192]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubilum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FDFE50F527A0FF49" box="[560,682,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. nubilum</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFD3B49FD7D50F52627FF49" author="Kott, P" box="[691,813,168,192]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref14946" refString="Kott, P. 1980. Algal-bearing didemnid ascidians in the Indo-west Pacific. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 20: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Kott, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
seven coils of the vas deferens, compared with 10–11 for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FDC650952760FF69" authority="Page & Willis & Handley, 2014" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[520,618,200,224]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FDC650952760FF69" box="[520,618,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDB2578AFFFD3B49FDB9509527DAFF69" box="[631,720,200,224]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
..
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FD2950952199FF69" authority="Kott, 1980" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1980" box="[743,1171,200,224]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paracyclops">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FD2950952103FF69" box="[743,1033,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">Trididemnum paracyclops</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFD3B49FBD850952199FF69" author="Kott, P" box="[1046,1171,200,224]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref14946" refString="Kott, P. 1980. Algal-bearing didemnid ascidians in the Indo-west Pacific. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 20: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1980">Kott, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9CE27673FFFD3B49FEDA50B52477FE89" box="[276,381,232,256]" name="Australia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and the Western Pacific has 10 coils of the vas deferens, but differs markedly in colony (forming thin encrusting colonies), zooid and spicule morphology, a zooid with a long oesophageal neck and larvae with only two adhesive papillae.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FEF05115267AFEE9" authority="Monniot and Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[318,880,328,352]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FEF051152712FEE9" box="[318,536,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">Trididemnum poma</emphasis>
|
||||
Monniot and Monniot, 2001
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Saipan has a larva with a similar arrangement of adhesive papillae and lateral ampullae, but the larvae are significantly smaller (
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFD3B49FE2151DA2759FE16" box="[495,595,391,415]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||||
compared with
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFD3B49FCC251DA2668FE16" box="[780,866,391,415]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) than those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FBC051D52166FE29" authority="Page & Willis & Handley, 2014" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[1038,1132,392,416]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FBC051D52166FE29" box="[1038,1132,392,416]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDB2578AFFFD3B49FBBA51DA240BFE36" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
.. Furthermore, the colonies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FDAE51F527B6FE49" authorityName="Monniot and Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[608,700,424,448]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FDAE51F527B6FE49" box="[608,700,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. poma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are thin, brittle and encrusting compared with those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FEB8519A24D2FE56" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[374,472,455,479]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FEB8519A24D2FE56" box="[374,472,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FDE5519A261FFE56" box="[555,789,455,479]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FDE5519A27B5FE56" box="[555,703,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">Trididemnum</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
recorded from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9CE27673FFFD3B49FC00519A2166FE56" box="[974,1132,455,479]" name="New Zealand" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FBB5519A24CAFE76" authority="Brewin, 1958" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1958" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sluiteri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FBB5519A2415FE76" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. sluiteri</emphasis>
|
||||
Brewin, 1958
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FE3151BA2676FE76" authority="Hartmeyer, 1913" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1913" box="[511,892,487,511]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebriforme">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FE3151BA27A4FE76" box="[511,686,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. cerebriforme</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFD3B49FD7651BA2676FE76" author="Hartmeyer, R" box="[696,892,487,511]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" pagination="124 - 144" refId="ref14647" refString="Hartmeyer, R. 1913. Tunicata. In: L Schaltze (ed), Zoologische und Antropologische Ergebnisse einer For schungsreise im Westlichen und Zentrelen Sudafrica ausgefuhrt in den Jaren 1903 - 1905. Bd. 5. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 17: p. 124 - 144." type="journal article" year="1913">Hartmeyer, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, differ from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FBDD51BA217EFE76" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[1043,1140,487,511]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FBDD51BA217EFE76" box="[1043,1140,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">T. shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in possessing atrial siphons.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFD3B49FDC5525A27E6FD96" authority="Page & Willis & Handley, 2014" authorityName="Page & Willis & Handley" authorityYear="2014" box="[523,748,519,543]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shawi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFD3B49FDC5525A27E6FD96" box="[523,748,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679">Trididemnum shawi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDB2578AFFFD3B49FD34525A2651FD96" box="[762,859,519,543]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1679" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is distinguished from the majority of species in this genus by the presence of a sessile transverse atrial opening, a large number of coils of the vas deferens, cushion-shaped colonies with terminal common cloacal apertures and scattered red pigment granules in the tunic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
188
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFFE3B4AFE5151C227A5FAC1.xml
Normal file
188
data/6C/5C/87/6C5C87F5FFFE3B4AFE5151C227A5FAC1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="CFEFD5CABE0FC3EBF535BA2613DABB7D">Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
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|
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<heading id="BF02818FFFFE3B4AFE5151C2264AFE3E" box="[415,832,415,439]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFE3B4AFE5151C2264AFE3E" ID-CoL="4T6VK" authority="(Brewin, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Brewin" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[415,832,415,439]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Ritterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigillinoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFE5151C2279BFE3E" bold="true" box="[415,657,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Ritterella sigillinoides</emphasis>
|
||||
(Brewin, 1958)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFE3B4AFF5E51822797FD9E" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E51822797FD9E" blockId="24.[144,946,479,535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C4E511CDFFFE3B4AFF5E51822797FD9E" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFFE3B4AFF5E518227C9FE7E" author="Brewin, BI" box="[144,707,479,503]" page="455" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" year="1958">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFE3B4AFF5E518227C9FE7E" authority="Brewin, 1958 a: p. 455" authorityName="Brewin" authorityPageNumber="455" authorityYear="1958" box="[144,707,479,503]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Pesudodistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigillinoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E518224B4FE7E" box="[144,446,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Pesudodistoma sigillinoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFE3B4AFE0951822767FE7E" author="Brewin, BI" box="[455,621,479,503]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" pagination="439 - 453" refId="ref14319" refString="Brewin, BI. 1958 a. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XI. Ascidians of the Stewart Island region. Trans Royal Soc NZ. 85: 439 - 453." type="journal article" year="1958">Brewin, 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: p. 455
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, fig. 2A
|
||||
<subScript id="787134A6FFFE3B4AFCD151B42623FE70" attach="left" box="[799,809,489,505]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">1</subScript>
|
||||
, A
|
||||
<subScript id="787134A6FFFE3B4AFC8351B42657FE70" attach="left" box="[845,861,489,505]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">2,</subScript>
|
||||
A
|
||||
<subScript id="787134A6FFFE3B4AFCB451B4268EFE70" attach="right" box="[890,900,489,505]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">3</subScript>
|
||||
, A
|
||||
<subScript id="787134A6FFFE3B4AFC6651B426B8FE70" attach="left" box="[936,946,489,505]" fontSize="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">4</subScript>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E51A2243FFD9E" box="[144,309,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Pesudodistoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="655410F2FFFE3B4AFEF051A22797FD9E" author="Millar, RH" box="[318,669,511,535]" page="47" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" year="1982">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23F54D60FFFE3B4AFEF051A22797FD9E" authority=": Millar 1982: p. 47" authorityName="Millar" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1982" box="[318,669,511,535]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ritterellidae" genus="Pesudodistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigillinoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFEF051A224B4FD9E" box="[318,446,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">sigillinoides</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFE3B4AFE0051A22759FD9E" author="Millar, RH" box="[462,595,511,535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" refId="ref15362" refString="Millar, RH. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea. New Zealand Oceanogr Mem. 85: 114 pp." type="book" year="1982">Millar 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: p. 47
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFE3B4AFF5E5206273AFC93" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E52062469FDFA" blockId="24.[144,1104,603,794]" box="[144,355,603,627]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFE3B4AFF5E52062469FDFA" box="[144,355,603,627]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E52062469FDFA" box="[144,355,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E52DE2784FD53" blockId="24.[144,1104,603,794]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E52DE2428FD12" box="[144,290,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">New Records</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="549D3CBEFFFE3B4AFEFE52DF2781FD53" collectingDate="2009-02-03" collectingDateMax="2009-02-29" collectingDateMin="2009-02-03" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="14" latitude="-45.016834" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="167.14" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" specimenCode="NIWA 49948, NIWA 49989" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
Edwardson Sound (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFE3B4AFDC152DF279AFD13" box="[527,656,642,667]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="56.52" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" precision="9" value="-45.942">45° 56.52’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFE3B4AFD5352DF2624FD13" box="[669,814,642,667]" degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="37.56" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" precision="9" value="166.626">166° 37.56’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFCF552DF267CFD13" box="[827,886,642,666]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="m" value="14.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFFE3B4AFCF552DF267CFD13" box="[827,886,642,666]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFE3B4AFC4F52DF2141FD13" box="[897,1099,642,666]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" value="2009-02-29">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFFE3B4AFC4F52DF2141FD13" box="[897,1099,642,666]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" value="2009-02-29">29 February 2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFE3B4AFF5E52FF243AFD33" box="[144,304,674,698]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49948</specimenCode>
|
||||
, three colonies); Caswell Sound (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFE3B4AFD7652FF2637FD33" box="[696,829,674,698]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="01.01" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" precision="9" value="-45.016834">45° 01.01’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="81C15024FFFE3B4AFC8052FF26E9FD33" box="[846,995,674,698]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="08.40" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" precision="9" value="167.14">167° 08.40’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFC3A52FF2139FD33" box="[1012,1075,674,698]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="m" value="18.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="6FD8D1D0FFFE3B4AFC3A52FF2139FD33" box="[1012,1075,674,698]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="904B1023FFFE3B4AFB8C52FF2433FD53" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" value="2009-02-03">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="800FE9CBFFFE3B4AFB8C52FF2433FD53" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" value="2009-02-03">3 February 2009</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="B4539E98FFFE3B4AFE88529F24EEFD53" box="[326,484,706,730]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 49989</specimenCode>
|
||||
, two colonies)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF7452BF273AFC93" blockId="24.[144,1104,603,794]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF7452BF2490FD73" box="[186,410,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Previously recorded</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9CE27673FFFE3B4AFE6052BF2745FD73" box="[430,591,738,762]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Stewart Island (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFE3B4AFCD052BF26B5FD73" author="Brewin, BI" box="[798,959,738,762]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" pagination="439 - 453" refId="ref14319" refString="Brewin, BI. 1958 a. Ascidians of New Zealand. Part XI. Ascidians of the Stewart Island region. Trans Royal Soc NZ. 85: 439 - 453." type="journal article" year="1958">Brewin 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); east coast Stewart Island,
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFE8D535F2480FC93" box="[323,394,770,794]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="m" value="101.0">101 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFE3B4AFE54535F272AFC93" author="Millar, RH" box="[410,544,770,794]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" refId="ref15362" refString="Millar, RH. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea. New Zealand Oceanogr Mem. 85: 114 pp." type="book" year="1982">Millar 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFE3B4AFF5E530E26CBFBBB" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E530E2405FCE2" blockId="24.[144,1104,851,1074]" box="[144,271,851,875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFE3B4AFF5E530E2405FCE2" box="[144,271,851,875]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E530E2405FCE2" box="[144,271,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E532626CBFBBB" blockId="24.[144,1104,851,1074]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
The colonies have numerous, small light-yellow capitate heads to
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFC5F532626E8FC1A" box="[913,994,891,915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||||
diameter on slender tapering, almost woody, sometimes branching stalks up to
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFC7353C62107FC3A" box="[957,1037,923,947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||||
high. As many as 20–30 zooids are embedded in a soft gelatinous test and open separately to the surface. The zooids are up to
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFD215386264CFC7A" box="[751,838,987,1011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long with atrial and branchial siphons that have six low indistinct lobes and a stomach with 11 broken folds. No larvae were present in specimens collected from Fiordland.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="ACEF6568FFFE3B4AFF5E543427A5FAC1" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E543425F8FB08" blockId="24.[144,1104,1129,1352]" box="[144,242,1129,1153]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
<heading id="BF02818FFFFE3B4AFF5E543425F8FB08" box="[144,242,1129,1153]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" reason="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D681EAF1FFFE3B4AFF5E543425F8FB08" box="[144,242,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E44A36E3FFFE3B4AFF5E54CC27A5FAC1" blockId="24.[144,1104,1129,1352]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676">
|
||||
This species is relatively uncommon in Fiordland and easily distinguished from other species by soft gelatinous colony heads. The branching character in the specimens collected in Fiordland agrees with the description by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="80644B12FFFE3B4AFCC8548C26AAFB60" author="Millar, RH" box="[774,928,1233,1257]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" refId="ref15362" refString="Millar, RH. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Ascidiacea. New Zealand Oceanogr Mem. 85: 114 pp." type="book" year="1982">Millar (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
collected from
|
||||
<quantity id="230D9B06FFFE3B4AFF5E54AD25D1FA81" box="[144,219,1264,1288]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="24" pageNumber="1676" unit="m" value="135.0">135 m</quantity>
|
||||
off Port Pegasus, Stewart Island. Deep emergent species are common in shallow water in Fiordland. The branching character seen in colonies here may be common to individuals in deeper environments.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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