From e5037428b3dae74d79f4ba918eda42d95f8a8edf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2024 21:30:03 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-03 21:23:59 --- .../0E/7E240E51F8108D2FDA5FFA15FBCD70E7.xml | 771 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 771 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/7E/24/0E/7E240E51F8108D2FDA5FFA15FBCD70E7.xml diff --git a/data/7E/24/0E/7E240E51F8108D2FDA5FFA15FBCD70E7.xml b/data/7E/24/0E/7E240E51F8108D2FDA5FFA15FBCD70E7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..df11f329c51 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7E/24/0E/7E240E51F8108D2FDA5FFA15FBCD70E7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,771 @@ + + + +Molecular and morphological data suggest a new species of big-eared bat (Vespertilionidae: Corynorhinus) endemic to northeastern Mexico + + + +Author + +López-Cuamatzi, Issachar L. +Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, Mexico, + + + +Author + +Ortega, Jorge + + + +Author + +Ospina-Garcés, Sandra M. +Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, Mexico, & Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexic + + + +Author + +Zúñiga, Gerardo +Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico, & @ aol. com (JO); cmacswiney @ uv. mx (MCMG) + + + +Author + +G., M. Cristina MacSwiney + +text + + +PLoS ONE + + +2024 + +e 0296275 + + +2024-02-21 + + +19 + + +2 + + +1 +35 + + + +journal article +10.1371/journal.pone.0296275 +1932-6203 +PMC10881012 +38381712 +13151896 + + + + + + + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +sp. nov. + + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +98B459DC-ADF6-4F7A-88A7-8F5FEAC58C10 + + + + + +Vernacular name: León Paniagua’s Big-eared Bat, Murciélago-mula de León-Paniagua +( +Spanish +) + + + + +Synonyms. + +Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens +Miller, 1897 + +, (Part) + + + +Corynorhinus megalotis mexicanus +Allen, 1916 + + + + +Corynorhinus rafinesquii mexicanus +Miller, 1924 + +, (Part) + + + +Plecotus rafinesquii mexicanus +Dalquest, 1953 + +, (Part) + + + +Plecotus mexicanus +Handley, 1959 + + + + +Corynorhinus mexicanus +G. M. Allen, 1916 + +, (Part) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +Colección de Mamíferos, +Museo de Zoología Alfonso L. Herrera +( +MZFC-M +), No. +MZFC-M16326 +is an +adult +female +with skin and skull dry preserved and collected on + + +April 18 +th +, 2022 + + +, by +Juan Cruzado +, +Silvino Hernández +and +Issachar L. López-Cuamatzi +( + +Fig +12 + +). + + + + +Fig 12. Holotype pictures. +Coloration of the dorsal and ventral fur of the holotype (MZFC-M16326) of + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +sp. nov. +(A, B). Cranium, mandible (C, D, E) and lateral view of the first upper double-cuspid incisor (F) of the holotype. + +https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296275.g012 + + +Type locality. +Cave El Hundido +( +25.16096 +, +-100.622985 +; 2072 msnm), 2.5 +Km NE +from +Puerto Grande +, +Galeana +, +Nuevo León +, + +Mexico + +. + + + + +Etymology. + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +is named in honor of Dr. Livia S. León Paniagua, in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the knowledge of the systematics and natural history of Mexican mammals. In addition to being a pioneering woman in Mexican mammalogy, Livia has been a great mentor, dedicated to the training of new scientists. This species name is a noun in the genitive case formed by adding -ae to the stem of the name [ +110 +]. + + + + +Habitat and distribution. + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +lives in open pine forests located on slopes and canyons of the northern Sierra Madre Oriental and mountains of the state of +Coahuila +. Records of the presence of this species occur mainly between 300 and 2000 meters above sea level (masl) in the states of +Coahuila +, +Nuevo León +, and +Tamaulipas +. It is an endemic species of +Mexico +with distribution restricted to the northeast of the country ( +Fig 13 +). In the localities of Galeana, +Nuevo León +, and Sierra de Zapalinamé in Arteaga, +Coahuila +, specimens were captured in sites close to forests where globose and cylindrical cacti are present. Other plant species present are + +Pinus cembroides + +, + +Pinus +sp + +, + +Juniperus +sp + +, + +Yucca filifera + +, + +Y +. +linearifolia + +, and + +Yucca carnerosana + +. The characteristics of the roosts used by this species are unknown; however, in +Coahuila +, +one specimen +was captured during the day inside an abandoned mine, and, in +Nuevo León +, a colony with pregnant females was found in a limestone, dolomite, and gypsum cave. + + + + + +Fig 13. Historical records of the presence of + +Corynorhinus mexicanus + +and + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +sp. nov. + +The Mexican administrative boundaries layer was downloaded from the GADM (https://gadm.org/ downloadcountryv3.html). + + +https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296275.g013 + + +Description and comparison. +The specimens from +Nuevo León +present a brownish to grayish colored dorsal fur with dark bases and slightly lighter tips that appear to contrast between bands. However, this contrast is not equivalent to that observed in + +Corynorhinus townsendii + +( +Fig 14 +). Like + +C +. +mexicanus + +and + +C +. +rafinesquii + +, + +C +. +leonpaniaguae + +presents a double cuspid in the first upper incisor ( +Figs 12 +and +14 +). Its dental formula is i 2/3, c 1/1, p 2/3, and m 3/3, with a total of 36 teeth in its adult stage. The average values of cranial measurements and external measurements for females and males are reported in +Table 4 +. + + +In external appearance, it is similar to and is almost indistinguishable from + +C +. +mexicanus + +specimens from the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOC). + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +is distinguished from + +C +. +townsendii + +because the latter presents a tragus of> +13 mm +and a naked uropatagium with ten or more interfemoral grooves, while the former presents a tragus of < +13 mm +and a hairy uropatagium with nine or fewer interfemoral grooves. Moreover, + +C +. +townsendii + +usually has a larger forearm ( +39 to 47 mm +) and cranium maximum length ( +15.2 to 17.3 mm +) than + +C +. +leonpaniaguae + +. In external appearance, + +C +. +leonpaniaguae + +is also similar to + +C +. +rafinesquii + +; however, + +C +. +leonpaniaguae + +has bicolored ventral fur with brown bases and light tips, while + +C +. +rafinesquii + +has more contrasting fur due to the presence of hairs with black bases and white tips. + + + + +Fig 14. Comparison between + +C +. +mexicanus + +, + +C +. +leonpaniaguae + +, and + +C +. +townsendii + +. + +Specimens shown correspond to + +C +. +mexicanus + +from (A) Puebla (ENCB27986), (B) Tlaxcala (ENCB4405), and (C) Durango (CRD11777); + +C. +leonpaniaguae + +from the cave of San Josecito, in Gral. Zaragoza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico (D- CRD11774; E- CRD11778; and F- CRD11777). Specimen of + +C +. +townsendii + +from Durango (G- CRD4831). Some differences in color bands on the dorsal fur are shown for + +C +. +leonpaniaguae + +(H), + +C +. +mexicanus + +(I), and + +C +. +townsendii + +(J). Double-cuspid on upper incisor tooth (white arrow) observed in + +C +. +leonpaniaguae + +(K), + +C +. +mexicanus + +(L), and + +C +. +townsendii + +(M). + +https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296275.g014 + + +Geographic variation. +With the restricted distribution and limited sample size, it was not possible to detect morphological variation associated with geography. Only two haplotypes of Cyt- +b +sequences have been detected within + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +. + + +Subspecies. + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +is a monotypic species. + + + + +Table 4. Morphological measurements of external structures obtained in + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Females + +Males +
+Mean + +SD + +Range + +CV + +Mean + +SD + +Range + +CV +
Maximum length14.870.3414.19–15.202.2815.100.3114.8–15.682.05
Zygomatic width7.940.367.05–8.374.608.080.247.79–8.383.01
Postorbital width3.360.083.24–3.492.433.360.123.17–3.543.64
Width of the braincase7.730.277.33–8.073.437.720.347.35–8.384.44
Maxillary toothrow length4.740.084.67–4.941.784.690.074.60–4.801.47
Width between upper molars5.820.115.66–5.961.885.740.165.57–5.972.78
Total length91.595.7384.37–102.796.2590.566.0082.08–101.146.62
Tail length43.376.1534.95–55.7514.1940.123.5335.20–44.918.79
Ear length28.661.2427.37–30.434.3328.431.3927.13–31.304.89
Tragus length10.890.939.54–128.5410.230.808.69–10.797.80
Forearm length41.911.4838.71–43.943.5440.520.9939.54–42.082.44
Mean, standard deviation (SD), range, and coefficient of variation (CV) values are shown. Measurements are reported in millimeters (mm).
+ + +https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296275.t004 + + + +Natural history. +There is no published information documenting the natural history of this species. Some observations made during the fieldwork of this study suggest certain aspects of the biology of + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +. In two expeditions conducted in +August 2021 +and +April 2022 +at the +type +locality of this species, several specimens of + +Myotis thysanodes + +, + +Corynorhinus townsendii + +, + +Leptonycteris nivalis + +, + +Idionycteris phyllotis + +, and + +Antrozous pallidus + +were captured. These specimens were captured at the entrance of the El Hundido Cave both entering and exiting the cave. This suggests that + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +may share its roosts with these species. Of those mentioned above, + +M +. +thysanodes + +and + +C +. +townsendii + +were the only species, apart from + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +, that were captured on both field trips, indicating that all three species are probably residents of the cave. + + +In +August 2021 +, +four juvenile +male individuals were captured, indicating that weaning of these specimens had occurred in June-July, which is similar to that reported for + +C +. +mexicanus + +[ +39 +]. In +April 2022 +, +twelve adult +females in an advanced state of pregnancy were captured, suggesting that births probably occur between the end of April and mid-May. All specimens captured in May and August presented a considerable number of ectoparasitic flies, presumably of the + +Trichobius corynorhini + +species. + + +The acoustic characteristics of + +Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae + +were obtained from ten specimens recorded using the hand-release technique and an Echo Meter Touch 2 Pro bat detector. Recordings were analyzed with the Batsound +1 +software using Hanning window and 2048 of FFT size. Two sonotypes composed of modulated and harmonic pulses were observed from the recordings ( +Fig 15 +). The first sonotype consisted of combinations of two pulses repeated serially with a longer time interval between combinations than between the pulses in the combination. Although two-pulse combinations were predominant, three-pulse combinations were observed in some specimens. The second sonotype was characterized by the absence of pulse combinations and the presence of modulated pulses of longer duration. Details of frequency, duration, and interval are presented in +Table 5 +. Differences in acoustic characteristics among the species of + +Corynorhinus + +are still unknown. + + + + \ No newline at end of file