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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6134" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65a0ec93-0e25-41a6-a641-4d37338dda8a" ID-PMC="PMC3800795" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-335-113" ID-PubMed="24146569" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-335-113" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 335" ModsDocTitle="First records and description of metallic red females of Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis Cheesman, with notes on color variation within the species (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" checkinTime="1451246877757" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hinojosa-Diaz, Ismael A. &amp; Brosi, Berry J." docDate="2013" docId="53F048379D0AD8F799EA18E2F92DA895" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 335: 113-119" docOrigin="ZooKeys 335" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6134" docTitle="Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis Cheesman" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="FF86B41F0767F938FFB6DE7019260C31" masterDocTitle="First records and description of metallic red females of Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis Cheesman, with notes on color variation within the species (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1668156504518" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>First records and description of metallic red females of Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis Cheesman, with notes on color variation within the species (Hymenoptera, Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Hinojosa-Diaz, Ismael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Brosi, Berry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>335</mods:number>
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Euglossa_gorgonensis" authority="Cheesman" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Euglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorgonensis" subGenus="Alloglossura">Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis Cheesman</taxonomicName>
Figs 1-3
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Euglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euglossa gorgonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorgonensis">Euglossa gorgonensis</taxonomicName>
Cheesman, 1929: 141-154 [146].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Euglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euglossa (Glossura) gorgonensis subsp. erythrophana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gorgonensis" subGenus="Glossura" subSpecies="erythrophana">Euglossa (Glossura) gorgonensis erythrophana</taxonomicName>
Dressler, 1978: 167-185 [170].
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" type="female red morph description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">Female red morph description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Structure. Total body length 10.45 mm (10.30, 10.59); labiomaxillary complex in repose slightly surpassing metasomal tip (estimation) (Figs 1-2). Head length 2.63 mm (2.56, 2.70); head width 4.23 mm (4.16, 4.30); upper interorbital distance 2.15 mm; lower interorbital distance 2.04 mm (2.01, 2.07); upper clypeal width 1.23 mm (1.19, 1.26); lower clypeal width 1.84 mm (1.83, 1.85); clypeal protuberance 0.78 mm (0.74, 0.81); medial clypeal ridge well developed, paramedial clypeal ridges well developed along their lower two thirds; labrum slightly wider than long, length 0.98 mm (0.96, 1.00), width 1.11 mm (1.10, 1.11); medial labral ridge sharp; paramedial labral ridges sharp, oblique, running on about four fifths of labral length; labral windows occupying about half of labral length; interocellar distance 0.33 mm; ocellocular distance 0.66 mm; length of first flagellomere [0.39 mm (0.37, 0.41)] comparable to combined length of second and third flagellomeres [0.39 mm (0.37, 0.41)]; length of malar area 0.05 mm. Mandible tridentate. Pronotal lateral angle characteristic of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alloglossura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alloglossura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alloglossura</taxonomicName>
(slightly obtuse not broadened anterolaterally and with no projections); intertegular distance 3.26 mm; mesoscutal length 2.69 mm (2.59, 2.78); mesoscutellar length 1.30 mm (1.26, 1.33); posterior margin of mesoscutellum strongly convex; mesotibial length 2.04 mm (2.00, 2.07); mesobasitarsal length 1.86 mm (1.78, 1.93), maximum width 0.50 mm (0.48, 0.52); metatibia triangular (scalene triangular), metatibial anterior margin sinuate, proximally concave, length 2.78 mm (2.67, 2.89); ventral margin length 1.78 mm (1.56, 2.00); metatibial posterodorsal margin length 3.12 mm (3.04, 3.19); metabasitarsus characteristic of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Alloglossura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alloglossura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alloglossura</taxonomicName>
females (trapezoidal with narrower and straight distal margin) (Fig. 2), length 1.56 mm (1.48, 1.63), maximum width 0.72 mm (0.70, 0.74). Forewing length 8.04 mm (7.78, 8.30); hind wing with 17-20 hamuli. Maximum metasomal width 4.26 mm (4.22, 4.30).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Figures 1-3.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Euglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorgonensis" subGenus="Alloglossura">Euglossa (Alloglossura) gorgonensis</taxonomicName>
Cheesman, female, red specimen from the Pacific slope of southern Costa Rica. 1 Dorsal habitus 2 Lateral habitus 3 Facial aspect.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="114">
Coloration. Head green, with noticeable
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iridescence all over but accentuated on frontal areas (clypeal disc, and antennal depressions); some blue lights on vertex and lower paraocular areas; clypeal disc with brown coloration as in previously known specimens (i.e. restricted to contiguous areas along upper half of medial ridge) (Fig. 3); mesosoma green, with
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–bronzy">golden-bronzy</normalizedToken>
iridescence all over, turning reddish on posterior half of mesoscutum, as well as on all mesoscutellar surface; legs green, with
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–bronzy">golden-bronzy</normalizedToken>
iridescence; metasoma with basal green coloration overtaken by strong
<normalizedToken originalValue="golden–reddish">golden-reddish</normalizedToken>
iridescence, particularly dominant on dorsal surfaces of terga (Figs 1-2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName genus="Sculpturing" lsidName="Sculpturing and subsp. vestiture" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" rank="subSpecies" species="and" subSpecies="vestiture">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="115" start="start">Sculpturing</pageBreakToken>
and vestiture
</taxonomicName>
. As described for the known predominantly green specimens (i.e.
<bibRefCitation author="Hinojosa-Diaz, IA" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Papers Natural History Museum The University of Kansas" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 37" title="Alloglossura, a new subgenus of the orchid bee genus Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a review of the included species." volume="45" year="2012">
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and Engel 2012
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).
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
Both female specimens from Costa Rica, labeled as follows:
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04 # 2251; morphospp: 94 // Tucanes [vertical writing] Costa Rica, Coto
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, near San Vito;
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-82.99194">82°59'31.02&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
BG; elev. 1200m; Aug. 2004; aerial netting; B.Brosi, T.Shih, B. Graham IXT 8/25&quot; (1♀) (Emory University); &quot;Practice #94; morphospp: // Santa Clara [near San Vito de Coto Brus, Puntarenas, Costa Rica,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.806544">8°48'23.56&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-82.976395">82°58'35.02&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
] 7/9; FISH Int // c.f. Euglossa; gorgonensis // Collected outside of sampling; regime; morphospp #: 94 [captured in the middle of a 3-Ha forest fragment using a Van Someren trap baited with rotten fish, on 9-July-2004]&quot;(1♀) (SEMC).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="033BD7193C32E7366DEB3075B8DBD41D">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 3. Plumbaginaceae bis Compositae (2 nd edition): Scrophulariaceae</mods:title>
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Veronica
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Fries
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<paragraph id="18A7091FA78E21423B5DAA56B0A49CEC" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">Glanzloser Ehrenpreis</paragraph>
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1
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. Stengel 10-25 cm lang, nicht wurzelnd, mit kurzen krausen und einzelnen, abstehenden,
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Haaren.
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<normalizedToken id="D06B29ED4C39814D0B89C7021AC48727" originalValue="dunkelgrün" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">dunkelgruen</normalizedToken>
,
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, rundlich, 0,4-1,2 cm lang und meist mindestens so breit.
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Fruchtstiele meist
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als die
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. Kelchzipfel mindestens 2mal so lang wie breit, sich nicht
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. Krone im Durchmesser 3
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-
<emphasis id="8F6BF5F6FB13F46E124B3D062190BA1A" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">6 mm, meist dunkelblau.</emphasis>
Frucht 4-6 mm breit und 3-5 mm lang, mit wenigen, langen
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und dicht mit kurzen,
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Haaren besetzt. Griffel 0,6-1,2 mm lang. Samen
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,
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-
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-
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:
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bis Herbst.
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<emphasis id="DD9FE79B70D9FA8187A5B5C160B8D83B" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
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Material aus Deutschland und der Tschechoslowakei (Beatus 1936a, Lehmann und Schmitz-Lohner 1954).
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<emphasis id="30BB3D0C7BB654BFFFF0031549E4E851" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">Standort.</emphasis>
Kollin und montan. Lockere, meist saure
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. Weinberge,
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.
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Verbreitung.
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Pflanze:
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bis
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, nordwestliches
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;
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bis
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;
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bis Serbien und Nordostitalien;
<normalizedToken id="7EAFC97E2E0117088F630B2354E9E1BC" originalValue="westwärts" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">westwaerts</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="5A0FB87DF2E7C056C2943D17CF9F7394" originalValue="Jütland" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">Juetland</normalizedToken>
, Belgien und zur Oberrheinischen Tiefebene. - Im Gebiet: Vogesen, Oberrheinische Tiefebene, Baar, Vorarlberg (
<normalizedToken id="D5437B368801F471B80071DD86B0A6F1" originalValue="Großes" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">Grosses</normalizedToken>
Walsertal, Klostertal);
<normalizedToken id="9D6FA71D98F4C81E233F5773EF296F3D" originalValue="früher" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">frueher</normalizedToken>
bei Morschach (Schwyz); ziemlich selten und
<normalizedToken id="3A6C3B9625A7B69219E3BF369BA6E564" originalValue="unbeständig" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">unbestaendig</normalizedToken>
; selten auch adventiv. Die Angabe von Bormio ist nach Furrer und Longa (1915) zu streichen. Rodegher und Venanzi (1894)
<normalizedToken id="8BD866DD7609CF95DC44679DDD7D9F34" originalValue="erwähnen" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">erwaehnen</normalizedToken>
die Art auch aus den Bergamasker Alpen, was kaum richtig sein
<normalizedToken id="B62EC32B4F1A3666B510A3D7C621A3D4" originalValue="dürfte" pageId="null" pageNumber="199">duerfte</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

275
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f271738-2361-416a-846b-0a18a3493ef0" ID-PMC="PMC7387373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" ID-PubMed="32774098" ID-ZooBank="7B45B663B8A74C0E9CE874A298CBE358" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-1" checkinTime="1595285272168" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yeung, Norine W., Slapcinsky, John, Strong, Ellen E., Kim, Jaynee R. &amp; Hayes, Kenneth A." docDate="2020" docId="53F0C6DDD2D5564F8C5C2AD6F76944E1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 1-31" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669" docTitle="Auriculella perversa Cooke 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" masterDocTitle="Overlooked but not forgotten: the first new extant species of Hawaiian land snail described in 60 years, Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. (Achatinellidae, Auriculellinae)" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169105500" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Overlooked but not forgotten: the first new extant species of Hawaiian land snail described in 60 years, Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. (Achatinellidae, Auriculellinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Yeung, Norine W.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843391" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:53F0C6DDD2D5564F8C5C2AD6F76944E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/53F0C6DDD2D5564F8C5C2AD6F76944E1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="53F0C6DD-D2D5-564F-8C5C-2AD6F76944E1" authority="Cooke, 1915" authorityName="Cooke" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella perversa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perversa">Auriculella perversa Cooke, 1915</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distributional map of Auriculella spp. A Auriculella auricula B Auriculella minuta C Auriculella perpusilla D Auriculella perversa E Auriculella tenella and F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. Dark grey circle = historical; light grey triangle = since 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparative shell morphology of A Auriculella auricula neotype BPBM 18709 B Auriculella auricula shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12651, BPBM 12666 C Auriculella minuta lectotype BPBM 42377 D Auriculella minuta shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12804, paralectotype MCZ 73037 E Auriculella perpusilla holotype MCZ 39912 F Auriculella perpusilla (left to right) BPBM 285806, BPBM 134341 (2 spm), BPBM 134280 white one, BPBM 122643, BPBM 13443 G Auriculella perversa lectotype BPBM 42384, 3 shells H Auriculella perversa shell variation (left to right) paralectotype ANSP 91817 I Auriculella tenella lectotype BPBM 18943 J Auriculella tenella shell variation paralectotype BPBM 109679 K Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. holotype (BPBM 285843) and L Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratypes, left to right (BPBM 285797, 285794, 285795, 285798). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3G, H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative reproductive anatomy of A Auriculella auricula BPBM 119141 B Auriculella minuta BPBM 99146 C Auriculella perpusilla BPBM 93626 D Auriculella perversa BPBM 97904 E Auriculella tenella BPBM 211034 F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratype BPBM 285800. Abbreviatons for reproductive structures are: AG = albumen gland; AP = penial appendix; BC = bursa copulatrix; EP = epiphallus; GP = gonopore; P = penis; OV = free oviduct; PG = prostate gland; PR = penial retractor muscle; UT = uterus; VD = vas deferens. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative radular morphology of A A. auricula B A. minuta C A. perpusilla D A. perversa E A. tenella F A. gagneorum sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432896" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cooke" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella perversa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perversa">Auriculella perversa</taxonomicName>
Cooke in Pilsbry &amp; Cooke, 1915: 90-91, pl. 25, figs 3, 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Cowie, RH" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B11" refString="Cowie, RH, Evenhuis, NL, Christensen, CC, 1995. Catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the Hawaiian Islands. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" title="Catalog of the native land and freshwater molluscs of the Hawaiian Islands." year="1995">Cowie et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 77;
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, RI" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="159 - 214" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" refId="B27" refString="Johnson, RI, 1996. Types of land and freshwater mollusks from the Hawaiian Islands in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 155 (4): 159 - 214, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" title="Types of land and freshwater mollusks from the Hawaiian Islands in the Museum of Comparative Zoology." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" volume="155" year="1996">Johnson 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 193;
<bibRefCitation author="Severns, M" journalOrPublisher="ConchBooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B48" refString="Severns, M, 2011. Shells of the Hawaiian Islands - the Land Shells. ConchBooks, Hackenheim" title="Shells of the Hawaiian Islands - the Land Shells." year="2011">Severns 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 210, pl. 82, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype</emphasis>
: USA • 1; H = 4.7 mm, W = 3.3 mm, AH = 2.2 mm, AW = 2.0 mm, WH = 5.1; Honolulu County, Oahu, Koolau Mountains, Nuuanu; Ridge 9, east side, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora foetida" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foetida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Passiflora foetida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Cooke leg.; BPBM 42384, here designated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
: USA • 1; Honolulu County, Oahu, Koolau Mountains, Nuuanu; Ridge 9, east side, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora foetida" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foetida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Passiflora foetida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Cooke leg.; BPBM 42385.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paralectotypes not examined</emphasis>
: ANSP 91817 (6 spm), ANSP 108272 (13 spm), ANSP 163399 (1 spm), ANSP 163411 (5 spm), MCZ 73044 (2 spm), SMF 7090 (1 spm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oahu: Nuuanu. See</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shell sinistral with inflated whorls, H = 4.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.26 mm, W = 3.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.23 mm, WH = 5.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.08, AH = 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.18 mm, AW = 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.08 mm (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Museum catalog numbers for specimens used in genetic analysis with numbers of specimens from which shell measurements, reproductive anatomy and radular morphology were obtained. Catalog numbers (BPBM) are for lots from which specimens were sequenced (N = number of individuals sequenced from each lot)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43">2</tableCitation>
). Columella in juveniles with a strong lamella that is reduced and covered by a thickening of the inner edge of the lip in adults. The columellar thickening usually bears an axially oriented ridge. Adults do not show a short projection or angulation where the columellar lamella was located. Parietal lamella is smooth and not undulate, extending 0.3 to 0.5 whorls into the aperture. Shell color is solid brown to dark brown with darker brown axial bands (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparative shell morphology of A Auriculella auricula neotype BPBM 18709 B Auriculella auricula shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12651, BPBM 12666 C Auriculella minuta lectotype BPBM 42377 D Auriculella minuta shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12804, paralectotype MCZ 73037 E Auriculella perpusilla holotype MCZ 39912 F Auriculella perpusilla (left to right) BPBM 285806, BPBM 134341 (2 spm), BPBM 134280 white one, BPBM 122643, BPBM 13443 G Auriculella perversa lectotype BPBM 42384, 3 shells H Auriculella perversa shell variation (left to right) paralectotype ANSP 91817 I Auriculella tenella lectotype BPBM 18943 J Auriculella tenella shell variation paralectotype BPBM 109679 K Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. holotype (BPBM 285843) and L Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratypes, left to right (BPBM 285797, 285794, 285795, 285798). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reproductive system</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Phallus retractor muscle relatively short attached apically to a short and poorly defined epiphallus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative reproductive anatomy of A Auriculella auricula BPBM 119141 B Auriculella minuta BPBM 99146 C Auriculella perpusilla BPBM 93626 D Auriculella perversa BPBM 97904 E Auriculella tenella BPBM 211034 F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratype BPBM 285800. Abbreviatons for reproductive structures are: AG = albumen gland; AP = penial appendix; BC = bursa copulatrix; EP = epiphallus; GP = gonopore; P = penis; OV = free oviduct; PG = prostate gland; PR = penial retractor muscle; UT = uterus; VD = vas deferens. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4D</figureCitation>
). Appendix is as long as the phallus and a bit over half the diameter of the phallus at its attachment, narrowing abruptly at ⅓ its length and remaining narrow to its terminus. Phallus is broad, narrowing only slightly at the junction with the short atrium. Vagina is short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Radula</taxonomicName>
with an irregular rachidian flanked on either side by rastriform marginal teeth, as diagnostic of the family (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative radular morphology of A A. auricula B A. minuta C A. perpusilla D A. perversa E A. tenella F A. gagneorum sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432896" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
). Each tooth has a long narrow base that expands slowly for
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
of the length of the tooth before reaching the forward curving cusps, which comprise the remaining
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
of the tooth. There are three long cusps at mesocone, endocone, and ectocone positions with two or more alternating larger and smaller cusps intercalated between them. There are roughly 127 teeth per row (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 4; Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Museum catalog numbers for specimens used in genetic analysis with numbers of specimens from which shell measurements, reproductive anatomy and radular morphology were obtained. Catalog numbers (BPBM) are for lots from which specimens were sequenced (N = number of individuals sequenced from each lot)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cooke" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella perversa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perversa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Auriculella perversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oahu’s">Oahu's</normalizedToken>
southern Koolau Mountain Range (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distributional map of Auriculella spp. A Auriculella auricula B Auriculella minuta C Auriculella perpusilla D Auriculella perversa E Auriculella tenella and F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. Dark grey circle = historical; light grey triangle = since 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1D</figureCitation>
), recorded from 61 m to 914 m elevation.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cooke" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella perversa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perversa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Auriculella perversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is arboreal and found on
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Clermontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clermontia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clermontia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Cordyline" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordyline fruticosa" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordyline fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dubautia laxa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dubautia laxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Freycinetia arborea" order="Pandanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freycinetia arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros polymorpha" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metrosideros polymorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Musa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pritchardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pritchardia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pritchardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psidium guajava" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and unspecified ferns, tree trunks, and dead leaves. Prior to our recent surveys the last live specimens were collected in 1939 by O.H. Emerson, E.H. Bryan Jr., and D. Anderson on Kulepeamoa Ridge in the southern Koolau Mountain Range, and the only known extant population recorded occurs in Tantalus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A holotype was not designated in the original description and the type series came from two different localities: Nuuanu collected by Cooke, and Kuliouou collected by Thaanum. Two figures were provided with the original description (Pilsbry and Cooke 1915: pl. 25, figs 3, 4) for material from Nuuanu at BPBM. However, the figure caption does not indicate type status or lot numbers. The BPBM ledger in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cooke’s">Cooke's</normalizedToken>
handwriting lists: BPBM 42384
<normalizedToken originalValue="“holotype”">&quot;holotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
, figs 3, 4; BPBM 42385,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“paratypes”">&quot;paratypes&quot;</normalizedToken>
. The BPBM ledger documents that BPBM 42385 was also the source of MCZ 7034 and SMF 7090 (Zilch, 1962: 78). The ANSP online catalog list additional specimens from BPBM and labeled as syntypes: ANSP 163411, 91817, Nuuanu; ANSP 163399 Kuliousu [
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sic</emphasis>
]. ANSP 108272 Kuliouou was collected by D. Thaanum.
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, RI" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="159 - 214" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" refId="B27" refString="Johnson, RI, 1996. Types of land and freshwater mollusks from the Hawaiian Islands in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 155 (4): 159 - 214, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" title="Types of land and freshwater mollusks from the Hawaiian Islands in the Museum of Comparative Zoology." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4272327" volume="155" year="1996">Johnson (1996</bibRefCitation>
: 193) stated that the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“holotype”">&quot;holotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
was BPBM 42384 based on its specimen label. However, it is clear that the original description was based on multiple specimens which should be considered syntypes. We here designate BPBM 42384 as the lectotype. As a result of this lectotype designation the type locality is restricted to Nuuanu.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Unlike
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the shell of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perversa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perversa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sinistral. The columella bears an axially oriented ridge unlike all other species in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="perpusilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The palatal lamella is smooth and not undulate like
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gagneorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gagneorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gagneorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. The reproductive system includes a short and poorly defined epiphallus and an appendix that narrows abruptly at approximately ⅓ its length. The epiphallus is short and poorly defined unlike the long epiphallus of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perpusilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perpusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or the short but well-defined epiphallus of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gagneorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gagneorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gagneorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="C64E83AABB324C44A58C08FB8BCA1AFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Ecological interactions</paragraph>
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sp.
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<paragraph id="1A6263384CEF7BACD73C364D59915F04" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">Europe.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ECAEDE6463D9724ED342B1AFFE4C19C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="15050">New record for central Asia (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan).</paragraph>
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